Hades—The god of underworld

_ 朱疆瑶（ Vanilla Zhu)

who is he?

• Hades: From ancient Greek / and Ἅιδης ᾍδης

• In Greek mythology, Hades is the oldest male child of Cronus and Rhea considering the order of birth from the mother, or the youngest, considering the regurgitation by the father. The latter view is attested in Poseidon's speech in the Iliad. According to myth, he and his brothers Zeus and Poseidon defeated the Titans and claimed rulership over the cosmos, ruling the underworld, air, and sea, respectively; the solid earth, long the province of Gaia, was available to all three concurrently

10 facts you need to know about Hades

• #HISTORY

• Hades is the God of the Underworld. He is the oldest son of Cronus and Rhea and brother to Zeus. His Roman equivalent is Pluto while his Etruscan one is Aita. Hades’ mythological importance is great with many myths relating to him and his acts.

• Underworld per chance

• Hades drew lots with his brothers Zeus and Poseidon for the Underworld. After winning the Titanomachy, a holy war between the new gods and the old gods (the Titans) Zeus, Poseidon and Hades drew lots over the realms they would each command: Hades got the underworld, while Zeus the Sky and Poseidon the Sea.

• Hades the feared God

• Hades was the most feared out of all the Ancient Greek gods, not because he was the most dangerous or powerful, but because he represented the inevitability of death. People would be reluctant to swear oaths in his name and would avert their eyes when sacrificing to him.

• Not so photogenic

• Perhaps because of the fear humans had for Hades, or for the less than positive events he represented, Hades is one of the least depicted gods of ancient Greece. It is difficult to find many statues or paintings that represent him, apart from those of the Rape of Persephone, including the incredible Gian Lorenzo Bernini statue.

• Cap of Invisibility

• Known also as the Helm of Hades or the Helm of Darkness this headdress gave the gift of invisibility to the wearers. Hades was generous with it and in myth it seems that Athena wore it in the Trojan War, Hermes in a battle against the giant Hippolytus and Perseus when he went to slay Medusa.

• The Abduction of Persephone

• Hades had a wife with him in the underworld though he did win her in a less than gentlemanly way. Persephone was the beautiful daughter of the goddess Demeter. Hades kidnapped her into the underworld only to have to return her to her mother at the bequest of Zeus. Persephone was free to leave if she hadn’t eaten anything while in the underworld, but Hades had fed her Pomegranate seeds so she had to go back. Zeus however agreed that Persephone, being tricked was to be free of her husband two thirds of the year, hence she lives in the Underworld in the winter months, when the earth goes into mourning.

Conservative progenyMaybe because he saw his wife only 4 months of the year, or maybe because he didn’t have as many extramarital affairs as other gods, Hades does not have a huge list of children, though it is am impressive one. He fathers the Erinyes (Furies), Makaria (goddess of a blessed death) and in some myth of Zagreus otherwise known as Dionysus.

Impressive AttributesAll ancient Greek gods had attributes, animals, mode of transportation or weapons which were iconic symbols of their power. Hades’ were his chariot, drawn by four black horses, the Narcissus and Cypress plants, the Key of Hades and Cerberus, the three-headed dog as well as his ebony throne.

puppy LoveHercules’ final labour was to capture Cerberus. First, Hercules went to Eleusis to be initiated into the Eleusinian Mysteries. He did this to absolve himself of guilt for killing the centaurs and to learn how to enter and exit the underworld alive. He found the entrance to the underworld at Taenarum. Athena and Hermes helped him through and back from Hades. Hercules asked Hades for permission to take Cerberus. Hades agreed as long as Hercules didn’t harm Cerberus, Hades loved his puppy.

The Underworld – a large realmThe Underworld was a very large kingdom with many different areas, making Hades in affect one of the gods who ruled over the most land. There were several different areas of the Underworld including Elysium, the Asphodel Meadows, and Tartarus, as well as the Fields of Asphodel and Erebus. There were also the 5 rivers, each in representation of a human condition Acheron (the river of sorrow, or woe), Cocytus (lamentation), Phlegethon (fire), Lethe (oblivion), and Styx (hate).

Hades in Judeo Christian CultureHades is the standard translation for Sheol in the Septuagint, Josephus, Philo of Alexandria, and other Jewish works written in Greek. “Hades” is described as a dark, serpent-like monster or dragon who drinks a cubit of water from the sea every day, and is 200 plethra (20,000 Greek feet, 6 kilometres) in length.The New Testament uses the Greek word Hades to refer to the abode of the dead, a shadowlike existence forgotten by the living (e.g., Acts 2:31; Revelation 20:13). Only one passage describes hades as a place of torment, the story of Lazarus and Dives.[Luke 16:19-31]In Latin, Hades was translated as Purgatorium (Purgatory)

From 《 Hercules》 right side’s picture.

Different type of HAdes

Who is pluto?

• Pluto (Greek: , Plout n) was the ruler of the underworld iΠλούτων ō

n classical mythology. The earlier name for the god was Hades, which became more common as the name of the underworld itself. In ancient Greek religion and myth, Pluto represents a more positive concept of the god who presides over the afterlife. Plout n was freqōuently conflated with Ploutos ( , Plutus), a god of wealth, Πλοῦτος

because mineral wealth was found underground, and because as a chthonic god Pluto ruled the deep earth that contained the seeds necessary for a bountiful harvest.

• The name Plout n came into widesprōead usage with the Eleusinian Mysteries, in which Pluto was venerated as a stern ruler but the loving husband of Persephone. The couple received souls in the afterlife, and are invoked together in religious inscriptions. Hades by contrast had few temples and religious practices associated with him, and is portrayed as the dark and violent abductor of Persephone.

Greek text of the Odyssey's opening passage

About odyssey

• Odyssey (Greek Odýsseia) Is the one of the most imporΟΔΥΣΣΕΙΑ

tant of the two ancient Greek epic.(Another is the "Iliad", collectively the "Homer") "Odyssey," a continuation of the "Iliad," the story, according to legend made for the blind poet Homer. This epic is the Foundation of Western literature, and is in addition to "Epic of Gilgamesh" and the "Iliad" outside the oldest works of Western literature. Generally believed that in the 8th century BC, Ionian, namely Greece, Anatolia coastal areas "Odyssey" creation.

Hades in Odyssey

• Since then with Poseidon against him, all the way to stir up trouble, deliberately harm. They fled to the island of Aeolus, Aeolus gave them a bag, you can put all the headwinds are loaded into it, so will be able to smooth sailing home. Unexpectedly fast driving home when the ship, sailors thought was inside pocket treasure, when Odysseus sleeping bag open, the results and the brightest Aeolus Immediately sped to the Aeolian Islands blowing them again. Aeolus again refused to help them, and they let the boat drift to the giant island. People who live here with giant boulders fleet sank 11 boats, but also fiercely with harpoon to capture a drowning man to eat. Odysseus were riding because there is no dock ship survived, he led the sailors came to the island witch Cameroon ear grams, grams Cameroon ear to some of his companions into a pig, because of God's protection _odysseus defeated the witch, and by witch hospitality. To inquire about the road home, he traveled to the underworld with the help of witch next, that his future from the Prophet's prophecy Aspen Intuit Ricci.

• Then Odysseus encountered many old comrades of the dead, and the specter of conversations with Ajia door Lennon, Achilles. Then they continued to sail smoothly through the seductive demon with singing Bird Island. When the sea where fantasy Scylla and Charybdis maelstrom elapsed from Odysseus has lost six companions. God in the day on the island, due to warnings companion regardless of Odysseus, slaughtered cattle eat God, angered Zeus, Zeus Thunder ferry sank. Most people have died, and he was rushed to Calypso's island alone, and was placed under house arrest for seven years.

Iliad

• The Iliad (/ li d/;[1] sometimes referred to as the Song of Ilion or Song of Ilium) is an aˈɪ əncient Greek epic poem in dactylic hexameter, traditionally attributed to Homer. Set during the Trojan War, the ten-year siege of the city of Troy (Ilium) by a coalition of Greek states, it tells of the battles and events during the weeks of a quarrel between King Agamemnon and the warrior Achilles.

• Although the story covers only a few weeks in the final year of the war, the Iliad mentions or alludes to many of the Greek legends about the siege; the earlier events, such as the gathering of warriors for the siege, the cause of the war, and related concerns tend to appear near the beginning. Then the epic narrative takes up events prophesied for the future, such as Achilles' looming death and the sack of Troy, prefigured and alluded to more and more vividly, so that when it reaches an end, the poem has told a more or less complete tale of the Trojan War.

• The Iliad is paired with something of a sequel, the Odyssey, also attributed to Homer. Along with the Odyssey, the Iliad is among the oldest extant works of Western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the eighth century BC. Recent statistical modelling based on language evolution has found it to date to 760–710 BC.In the modern vulgate (accepted version), the Iliad contains 15,693 lines; it is written in Homeric Greek, a literary amalgam of Ionic Greek and other dialects.

Trojan War

Hades and Cerberus, in Meyers Konversationslexikon, 1888

video

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DAKqfJN8gKs

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SnU0XJ4d_xg

• All from 《 Clash of the Titans 》

source

• http://www.swide.com/art-culture/greek-mythology-10-facts-to-know-about-hades-god-of-the-underworld/2014/04/28

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hades

• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilia