Ha"IMH Ha o6pa60TBaHe Ha Ha6nt0AaBaHO M3MeCTBaHe

B Ta3H 6powypa HHe 06Cb)f(AaMe AanH BHe TpH6Ba HnH He Aa KOpHrHpaTe pe3ynTaTHTe npH Ha6ntoAaBaHe Ha 3Ha4HTenHO H3MecTBaHe H Bb3AeHCTBHeTo, KOeTO TOBa H3MeCTBaHe MO}l(e Aa HMa Bbpxy HeonpeAeneHOCTTa Ha H3MepBaHeTO (MU). KaK Aa npHnO}l(HTe KopeKUHHTa H KaK Aa ysenH4HTe HeonpeAeneHOCTTa, 3a Aa B3eMeTe npeABHA HeKOpHrnpaHOTO H3MeCTBaHe, e H3BbH o6xsaTa Ha Ta3H 6powypa.

Ba}l(HH BbnpocH 3a B3eMaHe Ha peweHHe KaK Aa ce o6pa6orn eAHO Ha6ntoAaBaHo 3Ha4HTenHo H3MeCTBaHe ca: 1. AanH pa36HpaMe npH4HHaTa 3a H3MeCTBaHeTO H 2. AanH HeroBHHT pa3Mep MO}l(e Aa 6bAe HaAe>KAHO OnPeAeneH.

OcseH TOBa TpH6Ba Aa peWHM: 3. AanH H3MeCTBaHeTO e CbnOCTaBHMO 3a BCH4KH npo6H 3a H3nHTBaHe B o6xsaTa Ha MeTOAa H 4. AanH BCHKa KopeKUHH 3a H3MeCTBaHe TpH6Ba Aa 6bAe MynrnnnHKaTHBHa HnH aAHTHBHa, B 3aBHCHMOCT OT TOBa

AanH pa3Mepa Ha H3MeCTsaHeTO e nOCTOHHeH HnH ce npoMeHH C HHBOTO Ha KOHUeHTpaUHH.

"13MecreaHe Pe<t>epeHTHa CTOHHOCT

ronHMO, 3Ha•unenHo H3MecreaHe

l13MeCTBaHe

CTOiiHOCT

Pe<l>epeHTHa

CTOHHOCT

Hee HCHO AanH H3MeCTBaHeTO e 3Ha4HTenHO l,1nl-1 He

CTOii HOCT

Pe<l>epeHTHa

CTOHHOCT

He3Ha4l-1TenHO l-13MeCTBaHe

TpH6ea nM Aa KOpMrMpaMe M TpH6Ba nM Aa yeenM"IMM HeonpeAeneHocrra Ha M3MepeaHeTo?

PbKOBOACTBOTO Ha ISO 3a H3pa3HBaHe Ha HeonpeAeneHocna Ha H3MepsaHe, GUM [1], npeAnonara, 4e "pe3ymaTuT OT l-13MepBaHeTO e KOpHrnpaH 3a BCl-14KH pa3n03HaTH 3Ha'IHMH Cl-1CTeMarn4HH Bb3AeHCTBl-1H 11 (GUM 3.2.4). Tosa 03Ha4asa, 4e npi.1 pa3pa6oTBaHeTO Ha MeTOA 3a H3MepBaHe BCH4KH H3BeCTHl-1 l-13T04HHUH Ha l-13MeCTBaHe TpH6Ba Aa 6bAaT H3cneABaHH H aKO e Bb3MO}l(H0, enHMHHHpaHH 1-1nH ecpeKTbT HM Aa 6bAe CBeAeH AO MHHHMYM, AKO TOBa He MO}l(e Aa 6bAe nOCTHrHaTO, TOrasa, aKO e nOAXOAHll.10, TpH6Ba Aa ce np1-1nO}l(l-1 KOpeKUl-1H H Aa ce npepa3rneAa HeonpeAeneHoCTTa Ha l-13MepsaHeTo.

,aa npHeMeM, 4e pa3nonaraMe CbC CTaHAaprn3HpaH MeTOA Hni.1 HanbnHo pa3pa6oTeH BbTpeweH MeTOA, c HCHO on1-1caH1-1e Ha l-13MepBaHaTa senH4l-1Ha, KbAeTO BCHKO l-13BeCTHO l-13MeCTBaHe e 61-1no CBeAeHO AO MHHHMYM no speMe Ha pa3pa60TBaHeTO Ha MeTOAa (HanpHMep ecpeKTbT OT HHTepcpepeHUl-11-1Te e 6Hn CBeAeH AO Ml-1HHMYM HnH e BKnto4eHa KOpeKUl-1H Ha MeTOAa). CJleABall.laTa CTbnKa, KaTO 4aCT OT sanl-1AHpaHeTO, e Aa ce onpeAeni.1 HaAe>KAHO BCHKO AOnbllHl-1Te/lHO H3MeCTBaHe 3a KOHUeHrpau1-10HHl-1H l-1HTepsa11 1-1 pa31ll-14Hl-1Te MaTpl-1Ul-1, BKnto4eHl-1 B o6xsaTa Ha MeTOAa, Ha cneABall.laTa CTpaH1-1ua npeACTaBHMe Al-1arpaMa, KOHTO 04epTaBa KaK Aa ynpaBJlHBaMe HHKOl,1 AOnbllH"1TellH"1 3Ha4l-1TenHl-1 l-13MeCTBaH"1H.

06bpHeTe BHl-1MaH1-1e, 4e Ha611toAaBaHOTO l-13MeCTBaHe B 11a6opaTOpl-1HTa MO}l(e Aa ce Abll}l(l,1 KaKTO Ha 11a6opaTOpl-1HTa, TaKa 1,1 Ha l-13MeCTBaHe Ha MeTOAa, 3a eMnl-1pl-14Hl,1 MeTOAl-1, KbAeTO "13MepsaHaTa Be/ll-14l-1Ha e onepaTl-1BHO AeQ)l-1Hl-1paHa OT MeTOAa, l-13MeCTBaHeTO Ha MeTOAa no Ae(pl-1Hl-1Ul-1H e Hyna, HO 11a6opaTOpHOTO l-13MeCTBaHe see naK TpH6Ba Aa ce l-1Ma npeAB"1A,

Eurachem A FOCUS FOR

ANAL YT/CAL CHEMISTRY

Mo)Ke na.1 H3MecTBaHeTO Aa ce

eJlHMHHHpa 4pe3

M()AH(pHKa~HA Ha

MeTOAa?

MOA11(p11L,11paH MeTOLJ

{1) H51Ma CMvlCbfl .aa ce onv1TBaMe .aa npeMaxHeM vlflvl Kopv1rnpaMe MaflKO v13MeCTBaHe, Tui::i KaTO e11v1Mv1Hv1paHeTO vi KOpv1rv1paHeTO ce Hy>K,QaHT OT pecyprn. (2) AKO vl3MeCTBaHeTO He e He3Ha4vlTeJlHO, Hai::i­.ao6pv1HT no.axo.a, aKo e Bb3MO>KHO, e .aa ce onv1TaMe .aa ro e11v1Mv1Hv1paMe 4pe3 npoMHHa Ha MeTO,aa. (3) AKO vl3MecTBaHeTO He e He3Ha4vlTeJlHO, HO envlMvlHvlpaHeTO MY e vlflvl HeBb3MO>KHO vlflvl HenpaKrn4HO, Torasa MO>Ke .aa 06Mv1cnv1M Kopv1rnpaHe Ha vl3MeCTBaHeTO. l-1Ma Tpvl Bb3MO>KHOCTvl:

1. KopeKl..lvlHTa MO>Ke .aa ce vl3vlCKBa (Hanp. OT pernaMeHrn).

2. KopeKl..lvlHTa MO>Ke .aa e 3a6paHeHa, s T03vl cny4al::i KopeKl..lvlH He TpH6Ba .aa ce npasv1.

3. KopeKl..lvl51Ta e .aonycrv1Ma. Torasa Tp516sa .aa ce pa3rne,aaT OU-le .asa Kpv1Tepv151, 3a .aa ce onpe.ae11v1 .aanv1 KopeKl..lvlHTa e onpas,aaHa. { 4) AKO vl3MecrsaHeTO MO>Ke .aa ce onpe.ae11v1 Ha,ae>K.QHO v1 MeTO,aa 3a Kopv1rnpaHe MO>Ke .aa ce npv111o>Kv1 3a BCv14Kvl npo6v1 3a v13nv1TBaHe s o6xsaTa Ha MeTO,aa, MO>Ke .aa pewv1M .aa Kopv1rnpaMe vl3MecrsaHeTO. 06a4e, aKo npv14v1HaTa 3a vl3MecrsaHeTO He e v13secTHa, Torasa Kopv1rnpaHeTO Ha vl3MecrsaHeTo He MO>Ke .aa 6b.Qe BCe06UIO npenopb4aHO. AKO vl3MeCTBaHeTO He MO>Ke .aa 6b,ae Ha,ae>K.QHO onpe.aeneHo, TOrasa Hv1e He TpH6Ba .aa ro Kopv1rv1paMe. AKO Kopv1rv1paMe pe3y11TaTa Bb3 ocHosa Ha HeHa,ae>K.QHa npv1611v13v1Te11Ha 01..1eHKa, MO>Ke .aopv1 .aa yse11v14v1M Heonpe.aeneHoCTTa Ha pe3y marnTe. (5) Kopv1rnpaHeTO Ha vl3MeCTBaHeTO vlMa CMvlCbfl caMO aKO ce nOCTvlrHe ecpeKTvlBHO HaMaflHBaHe Ha Heonpe.aeneHocna Ha vl3MepsaHeTO (MU). Kopv1rnpaHeTO Ha vl3MecTBaHeTO v1Ma CMvlCbfl caMo, aKo Heonpe.aeneHoCTTa OT KopeKl..lvlHTa e no-ManKa OT KOMnOHeHTa Ha Heonpe.aeneHOCT, Bb3HvlKBaUI OT Henpv111araHeTO Ha KopeKl..lvlHTa . (6) AKO 3Ha4vlTeflHO vl3MeCTBaHe He ce KOpv1rv1pa e TPYAHO .aa ce .aa.aaT HCHvl HaCOKvl 3a TOBa KaKBvl .aei::icrsv1H .aa npe.anpv1eMaT. 3a cny4al::i Ha KopeK1..1v1H OT aHa11v1rn4eH .ao6v1B, IUPAC [2] noC04Ba HHKOvl Bb3MO>KHOCTvl, a KO He ce npv111ara KopeKl..lvlH:

1. He ce npe,anpv1eMa .aei::icTBv1e; 2. AHaJlvlTv14Hvl51T .ao6v1B ce OT4v1Ta OT.QeflHO,

BKJll04vlTeJlHO Heonpe.aeneHOCTTa KaKTO Ha pe3y11TaTa, TaKa v1 Ha aHanv1Tv14Hvl51 .ao6v1s;

3. B3eMa ce npe.asv1.a npv1 01..1eHKaTa Ha Heonpe.aeneHoCTTa Ha pe3ymarnTe. Te3v1 npv1H1..1v1nv1 MoraT .aa ce npv111araT KbM .apyrn cpopMv1 Ha vl3MecrsaHe. B 11v1TepaTYpaTa CbUIO ca pa3rne,aaHv1 .apyrn Bb3MO>KHOCTvl: Bvl>K Hanp. pecpepeHl..lvlH [3]

[1] JCGM 100:2008. Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement. http://www. bipm .org/en/publ ications/guides/gum. html [2] Harmonised guidelines for the use of recovery information in analytical measurement, Pure & Appl. Chem., Vol. 71, No. 2, pp. 337-348, 1999. [3] B. Magnusson, S. L. R. Ellison Anal Bioanal Chem 2008, 390, 201- 213.