Ham veya İşlenmiş Atıklardan Kirletici Taşınımının Tespiti: Özütleme Testleri

2. ULUSLARARASI

EVRE VE AHLAK

SEMPOZYUMU

BLDRLER KTABI

2. Cilt

24-26 EKM 2014

ADIYAMAN

EDTRLER

Prof. Dr. Ahmet PINARBAI

Prof. Dr. Murat PALA

EDTR YARIMCILARI

Do. Dr. Tanju TEKER

rt. Gr. Faruk KRKER

rt. Gr. Hseyin KUTLU

ORGANZASYON

ADIYAMAN NVERSTES

TRKYE

2ND

INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM

ON ENVIRONMENT AND MORALITY

PROCEEDINGS

Volume 2

24-26 OCTOBER 2014

ADIYAMAN

EDITORS



Co-EDITOR

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Tanju TEKER

Instructor Faruk KRKER

Instructor Hseyin KUTLU

ORGANIZATION

ADIYAMAN UNIVERSITY

TURKEY

ISBN: 978-605-60221-8-0

EDTRLER



EDTR YARIMCILARI

Do. Dr. Tanju TEKER

rt. Gr. Faruk KRKER

rt. Gr. Hseyin KUTLU

YAYINCI

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Dr. Ertan ARSLANKAYA (Yildiz Technical University, Turkey)

Dr. Evangelos GIDARAKOS (Technical University of Crete, Greece)

Dr. Fazlun KHALID (Islamic Foundation for Ecology and Environ. Sci., UK)

Dr. Ferit YUSUPOV (Kazan Federal University, Tataristan)

Dr. Harun TRKMENLER (Adiyaman University, Turkey)

Dr. Ibrahim DEMIR (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey)

Dr. Ibrahim OZDEMIR (Gaziantep University, Turkey)

Dr. Ismail KOYUNCU (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey)

Dr. Ismail TORZ (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey)

Dr. Izzet ZTRK (Istanbul Technical University, Turkey)

Dr. zzetullah NUREDDNOV (Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences)

Dr. Jame SCHAEFER (Marquette University, USA)

Dr. John MUTTER (Columbia University, USA)

Dr. Kadir OZKOSE (Gaziosmanpasa University, Turkey)

Dr. Lisa SIDERIS (Indiana University, USA)

Dr. M. Doan KARACOKUN (Kilis 7 Aralk University, Turkey)

Dr. Mawil Izzi DIEN (University of Wales, UK)

Dr. Mehmet Emin AYDIN (Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya)

Dr. Meral Topcu SULAK (Karabuk University, Turkey)

Dr. Mufeed BATARSEH (Abu Dhabi Polytechnic, UAE)

Dr. Mufit BAHADIR (Technical University of Braunchweig, Germany)

Dr. Mustafa SEKKELI (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Turkey)

Dr. Nadirhan HASANOV (Fatih University, Turkey)

Dr. Necdet YILMAZ (MEC Research and Training Center, Turkey)

Dr. Nedim VARDAR (Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico)

Dr. Noor MOHAMMAD (The National University Of Malaysia, Malaysia)

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Dr. Qilin LEE (Rice University, USA)

Dr. Richard FOLTZ (Concordia University, Canada)

Dr. S. Parvez MANZOOR (Swedish Writer, Swedish)

Dr. Seyyed Hossein NASR (George Washington University, USA)

Dr. Sherzodhon Yu. MAHMODOV (Academy of Sciences of The Republic of Uzbekistan

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Dr. Tanju KARANFIL (Clemson University, USA)

Dr. Teoman DURALI (Krklareli University, Turkey)

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Dr. Timothy G. ELLIS (Iowa State University, USA)

Dr. Turgay DERE (Adiyaman University, Turkey)

Dr. Yavuz DEMIRCI (Adyaman University, Turkey)

Dr. Ziyadulla YUSUPOV (Tashkent State Technical University, Uzbekistan)

SEKRETERLER/ SECRETARIES

Research Assist. Mustafa OZSAGIR (Sakarya University)

Research Assist. Halil Ibrahim UZUN (Cevre Foundation)

Lecturer Faruk Krker (Adiyaman University)

Lecturer Hseyin Kutlu (Adiyaman University)

Res. Assist. Mehmet Faruk YAREN (Sakarya University)

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2nd

International Symposium on Environment and Morality

24-26 October 2014, Adyaman - TURKEY

*Corresponding author: Address: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Adiyaman

University, 02040, Adiyaman, TURKEY. E-mail address: [email protected], Phone: +904162233808, Fax:

+904162233809

Determination of Convection of Pollutants from Raw or Treated Waste:

Extraction Tests

*1Kamil B. Varnca,

1Mustafa Talha Gnll

1Faculty of Engineering Department of Environmental Engineering, Adiyaman University

02040, Adiyaman, Turkey

Abstract

One of the most important issues in waste disposal is to prevent the transport of pollutants. Especially

in environments where solvents such as water, disperse of pollutants from waste or material into the

liquid medium the environment are the unwanted event in terms of the protection of the environment

and human health.

Various extraction tests have been developed for the detection of pollutants passage from raw or

treated wastes/materials into liquid environment. These tests are used to determine pass degree of

pollutants into liquid environment under model situations of natural environment.

In this paper, the present extraction tests examined and these tests compared with each other in terms

of the model conditions of environment.

Key words: Waste, solidification/stabilization, convection, extraction, TCLP

Ham veya lenmi Atklardan Kirletici Tanmnn Tespiti:

ztleme Testleri

zet

Atk bertarafnda en nemli konulardan biri kirleticilerin tanmnn engellenmesidir. zellikle su gibi

zclerin olduu ortamlarda kirleticilerin atk veya malzemeden sv ortama geerek evrede

dalmalar evre ve insan salnn korunmas asndan istenmeyen hadiselerdendir.

Kirleticilerin ham veya ilenmi atk/malzemelerden sv ortama geiinin tespit edilebilmesi iin

eitli ztleme testleri gelitirilmitir. Bu testler atk veya malzemenin doal hayatta karlaabilecei

ortam artlarna gre modellenmi artlar altnda kirleticinin sv ortama gei derecesini tespit etmek

maksadyla kullanlmaktadr.

Bu almada, mevcut ztleme testleri incelenerek bu testler kendi aralarnda modelledikleri ortam

artlar bakmndan mukayeseye tabi tutulmutur.

Anahtar kelimeler: Atk, katlatrma/kararllatrma, tanm, ztleme, TCLP

K.B. VARINCA, M.T. GNLL / ISEM2014 Adiyaman - TURKEY

1082

1. Giri

Atklar ham veya ilenmi olarak kontrolsz olarak doaya brakldklarnda zamanla evresel

artlar (rzgr, yamur, scak, souk vb. gibi) sonucunda ilerindeki kirleticileri evreye

salabilirler. Kirleticilerin evreye salnmas neticesinde de bu kirleticiler tanm yoluyla su ve

besin zincirine girerek evre ve insan sal zerine tehlike olutururlar. Bu sebeple atklar

kontrolsz bir ekilde doaya braklmaz, gerekli ilemler geirildikten sonra kontroll bir ekilde

bertaraflar, depolanmalar salanr.

ztleme (eng: extraction); toprak, kirlenmi toprak, amur, kelti, kompost, atk veya inaat

malzemeleri gibi kat maddeler iindeki bileenlerin fiziksel, kimyasal veya biyolojik ilemlerle

su fazna geirilmesi olarak tanmlanmakta [1] olup birok ztleme testi bulunmaktadr.

2. ztleme Testleri

Kirleticilerin tanm ve evreden izole edilmesi amaland iin ztleme testi, bir ham veya

ilenmi atn szma derecesini lmek iin kullanlan en yaygn test yntemleridir. ztleme

artlar farkllk arz ettii iin zaman ierisinde ok eitli test yntemleri gelitirilmi ve

kullanlmtr. Kullanlm olan bu ztleme testleri izelge 1de, ztleme test yntemleri

kaynaka listesi izelge 2de ve ztleme testlerine ait test artlar ise izelge 3de derlenmitir.

izelge 1. Uygulanabilir ztleme testleri [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

Test Yntem

Malzeme

Uygulama(a)

Ama

U S L

alkalamal ztleme Testleri

Toxicity Characteristic Leaching

Procedure (TCLP) (tur: Zehirlilik

zellikleri Szma lemi)

USEPA SW-846

1311(b)

X X X Zehirlilik verilerini yasal deerler ile

karlatrmak iin (ABDde RCRA

gereksinimidir.)

Extraction Procedure Toxicity (EP

Tox) Test (tur: Zehirlilik ztleme

lemi)

USEPA SW-846

1310B(b)

X X X Sznt suyu konsantrasyonlarn

deerlendirmek iin (ABDde RCRA

gereksinimidir.)

TCLP Cage Modification (tur:

Deitirilmi TCLP Kafes)

USFR(c)

X TCLP testinin deerlendirilmesine

niteliksel katk.

California Waste Extraction Test (Cal

WET) (tur: Kaliforniya Atk

ztleme Deneyi)

California Code()

X X X Metaller iin TCLPden daha gl

szma testi salamak iin (ABD

Kaliforniyada yasal gerekliliktir.)

Synthetic Precipitation Leach Test

(SPLP) (tur: Sentetik Ya Szdrma

Deneyi)

USEPA SW-846

1312(b)

X X Asit yamurlarna maruz atklar iin

(ABDde RCRA gereksinimidir.)

Agitated Powder Leach Test (tur:

alkalamal Toz Szdrma Deneyi)

MCC-3S(d)

X X alkantl ak iindeki btn

numunenin szma direncini

deerlendirmek iin

Shake Extraction Test (tur: Sallamal

ztleme Deneyi)

TS 9394(e)

ASTM D3987(f)

X X Hzl bir ekilde bir sulu ektrakt elde

etmeyi salamak iin


1083

Test Yntem

Malzeme

Uygulama(a)

Ama

U S L

Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC)

Test (tur: Asit Ntralizasyon

Kapasitesi Deneyi)

WTC-ANC(g)

X X X Bir malzemenin asidi ntralize

edebilme yeteneinin llmesi iin

alkalamasz ztleme Testleri

Static Leach Test (tur: Duraan

Szdrma Deneyi)

ASTM C1220(f)

X Statik ak iindeki btn numunenin

szma direncini deerlendirmek iin

Static Leach Test (tur: Duraan

Szdrma Deneyi)

MCC-1P(d)



High Temperature Static Leach Test

(tur: Yksek Scaklkl Duraan

Szdrma Deneyi)

MCC-2P(d)



Monofilled Waste Extraction

Procedure (MWEP) (tur: Tekdolgulu

Atk ztleme lemi)

USEPA SW-924()

X Dk hzl doygun blgede atk

bertaraf iin

Equilibrium Leach Test (ELT) (tur:

Dengesel Szdrma Deneyi)

WTC-ELT(g)

X X En fazla sznt suyu salamak iin

Ardk Kimyasal ztleme Testleri

Sequential Batch Extraction Test (tur:

Ardk ztleme Deneyi)

ASTM D5284(f)

X X ztleme kapasitesini deerlendirmek

iin

Sequential Extraction Test (SET)

(tur: Ardk ztleme Deneyi)

Bishop(h)

X X oklu ztleme ile tamponlama

kapasitesini deerlendirmek iin

Sequential Chemical Extraction Test

(SCET) (tur: Ardk Kimyasal

ztleme Deneyi)

WTC-SCET(g)

X X K/K ilemi grm atklarda metal ve

organiklerin tutunmasn

deerlendirmek iin

Dinamik Testler, Seri

Multiple Extraction Procedure (MEP)

(tur: oklu ztleme lemi)

USEPA SW-846

1320(b)

X X X Asidik artlar altnda atk szmasn

deerlendirmek iin

Leaching Test (tur: Szma Deneyi) EN 12457-(1-4) ()

TS EN 12457-(1-4) (e)

X X ztleme kapasitesini deerlendirmek

iin

Availability Test (tur: Ulalabilirlik

Testi)

NEN 7341(i)

X

Dinamik Testler, Ak-etrafndan

American Nuclear Society (ANS)

Leach Test (tur: Amerikan Nkleer

Cemiyeti Szdrma Deneyi)

ANSI/ANS/16.1(j)

X K/K ilemi grm atklarn

mukayesesinde bir difzyon katsays

oluturmak iin

Monolithic Diffusion Test (tur:

Yekpare Difzyon Deneyi)

NEN 7345(i)

X Yekpare parann ztleme

kapasitesinin belirlenmesi iin

Leach Test (tur: Szdrma Deneyi) ISO 6961(k)

X ztleme snrnn belirlenmesi iin

Dinamik Testler, Ak-iinden

Dynamic Leach Test (DLT) (tur:

Dinamik Szdrma Deneyi)

WTC-DLT(g)

X K/K ilemi grm bir ata has

difzyon katsays tahmin etmek iin

Column Leach Test (tur: Kolon

Szdrma Deneyi)

ASTM D4874(f)

X Kolon eklinde szdrma kapasitesinin

belirlenmesi iin

Column Test (tur: Kolon Deneyi) NEN 7374(i)

X Szma kapasitesinin belirlenmesi iin


1084

Test Yntem

Malzeme

Uygulama(a)

Ama

U S L

Dinamik Testler, Soklet

Soxhlet Leach Test (tur: Soklet

Szdrma Deneyi)

MCC-5S(d)

X Srekli yenilenen saf szdrma suyunda

btn numunenin szma direncini

deerlendirmek iin

izelge 2. ztleme test yntemleri kaynaka listesi

Yntem Kaynak Yaymc

ANSI/ANS/16.1 ANSI/ANS/16.1-2003:R2008, Measurement of the Leachability of

Solidified Low-Level Radioactive Wastes by a Short-Term Test

Procedure http://www.ans.org/store/i_240249

American Nuclear

Society (ANS)

http://www.ans.org/

ASTM C1220 ASTM C1220-10, Standard Test Method for Static Leaching of

Monolithic Waste Forms for Disposal of Radioactive Waste

http://www.astm.org/Standards/C1220.htm

ASTM International.

http://www.astm.org/

ASTM D3987 ASTM D3987-12, Standard Practice for Shake Extraction of Solid

Waste with Water http://www.astm.org/Standards/D3987.htm

ASTM D4874 ASTM D4874-95(2014), Standard Test Method for Leaching

Solid Material in a Column Apparatus

http://www.astm.org/Standards/D4874.htm

ASTM D5284 ASTM D5284-09, Standard Test Method for Sequential Batch

Extraction of Waste with Acidic Extraction Fluid

http://www.astm.org/Standards/D5284.htm

Bishop Bishop, P.L., Prediction of Heavy Metal Leaching Rates from

Stabilization/Solidification Hazardous Wastes, Toxic and

Hazardous Wastes: Proceedings of the Eighteenth Mid-Atlantic

Industrial Waste Conference, Technomic Publishing, USA, 1986.

California Code California Code Title 22, Article 11, pp. 1800.75-1800.82.

EN 12457-(1-4) EN 12457-(1-4), Characterisation of waste - Leaching -

Compliance test for leaching of granular waste materials and

sludges

European Committee for

Standardization (CEN)

http://standards.cen.eu/

ISO 6961 ISO 6961:1982, Long-term leach testing of solidified radioactive

waste forms

http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.h

tm?csnumber=13511

International

Organization for

Standardization

http://www.iso.org/

MCC-1P MCC, Materials Characterization Center, Pacific Northwest

Laboratory (PNL), Nuclear Waste Materials Handbook: Test

Methods, USDOE, DOE/TIC-11400, 1981.

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9285773

Materials

Characterization Center

(MCC)

MCC-2P

MCC-3S

MCC-5S

NEN 7341 NEN 7341:1995, http://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-

73411995-nl.htm

Netherlands

Standardization Institute

(NEN)

http://www.nen.nl/


73742004-nl.htm


73451995-nl.htm

USEPA SW-846 1310B USEPA SW-846 On Line, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid

Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/online/

United States

Environmental

Protection Agency

(USEPA)

USEPA SW-846 1311

USEPA SW-846 1312

USEPA SW-846 1320

http://www.ans.org/store/i_240249http://www.ans.org/http://www.astm.org/Standards/C1220.htmhttp://www.astm.org/http://www.astm.org/Standards/D3987.htmhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D4874.htmhttp://www.astm.org/Standards/D5284.htmhttp://standards.cen.eu/http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=13511http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=13511http://www.iso.org/http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/9285773http://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-73411995-nl.htmhttp://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-73411995-nl.htmhttp://www.nen.nl/http://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-73742004-nl.htmhttp://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-73742004-nl.htmhttp://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-73451995-nl.htmhttp://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NEN-73451995-nl.htmhttp://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/online/


1085

Yntem Kaynak Yaymc

USEPA SW-924 USEPA, SW-924, Solid Waste Leaching Procedure, 1984.

http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=2000OL4A.txt

USFR USFR, 53 FR 18792, May 24, 1988.

http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=10003P0J.txt

TS 9394 TS 9394:1991, Atklar-Kat atklarn su ile alkalanarak

ekstraksiyon metodu

Trk Standartlar

Enstits (TSE)

https://intweb.tse.org.tr/

Standard/Standard/Stand

ardAra.aspx

TS EN 12457-(1-4) TS EN 12457-(1-4), Atklarn nitelendirilmesi - Katdan ztleme

analizi - Granl kat atklarn ve amurlarn kat ztlemesi iin

uygunluk deneyi

WTC-ANC WTC, Wastewater Technology Centre, Environment Canada,

Investigation of Test Methods for Solidified Waste Evaluation -

A Cooperative Program, Report: EPS 3/HA/8, 1991.

http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/23220612

Wastewater Technology

Centre, Environment

Canada (WTC)

WTC-DLT

WTC-ELT

WTC-SCET

izelge 3. Uygulanabilir ztleme testlerinin test artlar [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8]

Test Yntemi Szma Ortam Sv:Kat

Oran Parack Boyutu

ztleme

Says ztleme Sresi

TCLP Asetat tamponu(a)

20:1 < 9,5 mm 1 182 saat

EP Tox 0,04 M asetik asit (pH 5,0) 16:1-20:1 < 9,5 mm 1 24 saat

TCLP cage Asetat tamponu(a)

20:1 (b)

1 18 saat

Cal WET 0,2 M sodyum sitrat (pH

5,0) veya Cr6+

l su

10:1 < 2,0 mm 1 48 saat

SPLP (c)

20:1 < 9,5 mm 1 18 saat

MCC-3S ()

10:1 Yars


1086

Test Yntemi Szma Ortam Sv:Kat

Oran Parack Boyutu

ztleme

Says ztleme Sresi

ANSI/ANS/16.1 Deiyonize su (e)

Btn uzunluk-

ap oran 0,2-5,0

aras

10-12 Szdrma suyu 2,7 saatte

yenilenir; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 14,

28, 43 ve 90 gn

DLT Deiyonize su (f)

Btn uzunluk-

ap oran 0,2-5,0

aras

(f) Szdrma suyu 0, 1, 4, 7,

24, 31, 48, 72, 79 ve 100

satte veya 0, 4, 24, 31,

72, 104, 168 ve 196

saatte yenilenir

MCC-5S Deiyonize su Yeniden

damtlm

suyun

srekli

ak

Yekpare 1 Her bir numune iin 3, 7

ve 14 gn

(a) Asetat tampon zeltisi (pH 5,0) veya asetik asit (pH 3,0)

(b) TCLP tipi ztleme esnasnda tel kafes iinde yuvarlanan para

(c) Arlka 60:40 slfrik asit nitrik asit karm. pH deiyonize su ile 4,2 veya 5,0a ayarlanr.

() Silikatl su, deiyonize su veya tuzlu su

(d) Szdrma suyunun hacmi numunenin llen geometrik yzey alanna baldr. Hacmin yzeye oran 10 il 200

cm arasnda olmaldr. (e)

Szdrma suyu hacminin numune yzey alanna oran 10 cm (f)

Yenileme frekanslar bilinen difzyon katsaysna gre seilir. Yzey hacim oran kirleticinin tespitini salamak

zere seilmelidir. Yenileme frekans dengesiz artlara da hkim olacak ekilde seilmelidir.

Grld zere uygulamada birok farkl ztleme testi bulunmaktadr. Temel amalar ayn

olsa da uygulama artlar farkl olduu iin bu testlerden farkl sonular elde edilmesi tabiidir.

nemli olan mukayese ve muhakeme asndan ayn olmasa bile benzer nitelikteki ztleme

testlerinin kullanlmasdr. Bu ztleme testlerinin seiminde kanuni zorunluluun bulunmasnn

yannda uygulama kolayl, ksa srede sonu elde edilmesi ve ekonomiklik tercih sebebidir.

ztleme testleri ierisinde en ok kullanlanlardan biri Toxicity Characteristic Leaching

Procedure (TCLP)dir.

2.1. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP)

USEPA SW-846 1311 Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) (tur: Zehirlilik

zellikleri Szma lemi), United States Environmental Protection Agency (tur: Amerika Birleik

Devletleri evre Koruma Ajans) tarafndan yaymlanm olan SW-846: Test Methods for

Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods deney yntemleri ierisinde yer alan bir

yntem olup ABDde tehlikeli atk ve katlatrlm malzeme zelliklerinin belirlenmesi iin

uygulanmas zorunlu olan deney yntemlerinden biridir.

Deney, yntem uyarnca malzemenin 9,5 mmden daha kk hale getirilmesinin ardndan 20:1

oranndaki sv asidik ortamda 18 saat alkalanmas sonucu zeltide kirletici tayini yaplmas

eklinde uygulanr [8]. Bylece atk malzemenin uzun vadede tabii artlar altnda gsterecei

davran, 18 saatlik bir srede asidik ortamda hzlandrlm olarak gerekletirilmekte ve uzun

sreler sonunda elde edilebilecek sonular nceden tahmin edilebilmektedir.


1087

Deerlendirme

Atklar ham veya ilenmi olarak kontrolsz olarak doaya brakldklarnda zamanla evresel

artlar (rzgr, yamur, scak, souk vb. gibi) sonucunda ilerindeki kirleticileri evreye

salabilirler. Kirleticilerin evreye salnmas neticesinde de bu kirleticiler tanm yoluyla su ve

besin zincirine girerek evre ve insan sal zerine tehlike olutururlar. Bu sebeple atklar

kontrolsz bir ekilde doaya braklmaz, gerekli ilemler geirildikten sonra kontroll bir ekilde

bertaraflar, depolanmalar salanr.

ztleme (eng: extraction), atn ierisindeki kirleticinin darya salnmas derecesini gsteren

bir kavram olup birok ztleme testi bulunmaktadr. Bu testlerden en ok kullanlan, United

States Environmental Protection Agency (tur: Amerika Birleik Devletleri evre Koruma Ajans)

tarafndan yaymlanm olan SW-846: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste,

Physical/Chemical Methods deney yntemleri ierisinde yer alan USEPA SW-846 1311 Toxicity

Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) (tur: Zehirlilik zellikleri Szma lemi) deney

yntemidir. Yntem, ABDde tehlikeli atk ve katlatrlm malzeme zelliklerinin belirlenmesi

iin uygulanmas zorunlu olan deney yntemlerinden biridir.

Bu testler sonucunda ham atn veya ilenmi atn ierisindeki kirleticilerin szmas

belirlenerek evre ve insan sal zerinde oluabilecek olumsuz etkiler nceden grlerek

tedbirinin alnmas salanmaktadr.

Kaynaklar

[1] T.C. evre ve Orman Bakanl. Atklarn Dzenli Depolanmasna Dair Ynetmelik.

Resm Gazete: 26/03/2010-27533. (Yaymlanan hli: http://goo.gl/CkXFII Gncel hli:

http://goo.gl/5ZXIJG)

[2] U.S. EPA. Stabilization/Solidification of CERCLA and RCRA Wastes: Physical Tests,

Chemical Testing Procedures, Technology Screening, and Field Activities. EPA/625/6-

89/022. USEPA, 1989. http://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=30004CB5.txt

[3] Barth EF. et al. Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous Wastes. Noyes Data

Corporation, 1990. ISBN: 0-8155-1245-7. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21761182

[4] Means JL. et al. The Application of Solidification/Stabilization to Waste Materials. Lewis

Publisher, 1995. ISBN: 0-56670-080-9. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31045421

[5] LaGrega MD, Buckingham PL, Evans JC. Hazardous Waste Management. 2.ed. McGraw-

Hill, 2001. ISBN: 978-0-07118-170-9. http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/843948430

[6] Spence RD, Shi C. Stabilization and Solidification of Hazardous, Radioactive, and Mixed

Wastes. CRC Press, 2004. ISBN: 978-1-56670-444-1.

http://www.crcnetbase.com/isbn/978-1-56670-444-1

[7] Suthersan SS. Remediation Engineering - Design Concepts. CRC Press, 1996. ISBN: 978-

1-56670-137-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420050585

[8] U.S. EPA. USEPA SW-846 1311: Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP).

1992. SW-846: Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods.

http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/1311.pdf

http://goo.gl/CkXFIIhttp://goo.gl/5ZXIJGhttp://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=30004CB5.txthttp://www.worldcat.org/oclc/21761182http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/31045421http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/843948430http://www.crcnetbase.com/isbn/978-1-56670-444-1http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420050585http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/hazard/testmethods/sw846/pdfs/1311.pdf

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Ham veya İşlenmiş Atıklardan Kirletici Taşınımının Tespiti: Özütleme Testleri