Hệ Sinh Thái Đất Ngập Nước

7/22/2019 H Sinh Thi t Ngp Nc

1/61

Nhm 4:

Tn NHong Phng

V ThQuyn

Ng Thi Quyn

Hong ThThanh Thy

V ThThngThng

D NG MOT SOHE SINH TH I

T NG P NC VIET N M


2/61

VI. Mtshsinh thi tngpnc

VitNam

II. Chcnngv lich caadnghsinh thi tngpnc

I. Khi nim

V. Thctrng,nguyn nhn v binphpbovadnghsinh thi tngpnc

III. Cc hsinh thi tngpnc


3/61

- Theo cng c Ramsar nh ngha: t ngp

nc l nhng vng m ly, than bn hoc vng

ncbtkl tnhin hay nhn to,thngxuyn

hay tm thi, c nc chy hay nc t, l nc

ngt, nc l hay nc bin k c nhng vng

ncbinc su khng qu 6 m khi triuthp.

I. Khi nim


4/61

-adnghsinh thi lin quan nskhc nhau v

loihnh sng,vsinh cnhcacc qunx sinh vt

v cc qu trnh sinh hcgiacc hsinh thi.

-adnghsinh thi l csadnggen v a

dng loi c thhinv bc l ra ngoi, l cs

catnh adngvvnha cax hiloi ngi.

Cc vng tngpnccxem l nic sa

dngsinh hccao nhttrong ttccc hsinh thi.


5/61


6/61

Chnsng, chngxi l, nnhbbin, iuha kh hu

Lu tr, chancv hn ch l lt

Cha gi trcao v a dng sinh hc

II.

Chc

nngv

lich

cah

sinh

thi

tngpnc

Vng sn xut thy sn

Ni sinh sng c tr lu i canhiuloi ng vt

Quan cnh p pht trin du lch

Cung cp nc cho sinh hot


7/61

- HST bi lymnngptriu- HST rngngpmn

-HST vng mlyngptriuncngt

-HST rnsan h

-HST mph

- HST vng mly(hay snh ly,bi ly)

ngpncngt- HST tngpncven sng sui- HST rng ngp nc ngt ni a vcc vng tngpncngtnia

H sinh thit ngp nc

ven bin

H sinh thit ngp nc

ni a

III. Cc h sinh thi t ngp nc


8/61

- Rngngpmn

+ Bi ,bi ncacc loi c, tm, cua v cc loi

thysnc gi trkinh tkhc.

+ Xm chimv cnhcc bi bn ngp triumi

bi,bovbbinchnglitc ngcasng bin

v bo tven bin.

+ Nictr cho rtnhiuloi ngvthoang d bn

av di c(chim, th, lngc,b st).

+ Cung cpcc snphmg,ci,thysnv nhiu

snphmkhc.

+ C adngsinh hccao.


9/61

-mph:+ Do c tnh pha trn gia khi nc ngt v

ncmn nn khu h thy sinh vtm ph rt

phong ph bao gm cc loi ncngt,nc lv ncmn.

+ Cutrc qunx sinh vtmph thay itheo

ma r rt.


10/61

- Rnsan h, cbin: l cc kiuhsinh thi ctrngcho vng binven b,cbitrnsan h c

trngcho vng binnhiti.

+ Qun x rnsan h rtphong ph bao gm ccnhm ngvty(thn mm,gip xc), c rn.

+ Thmcbinthngl nictr canhiu loi

ra binv cbitloi b binDugon.


11/61

- Vng binquanh cc oven b:

+ Ven b binVitNam c h thng cc o rt

phong ph.+ Vng ncven bcahuhtcc olnc

nhgi c mcDSHrtcao vicc hsinh

thi cth nhrnsan h, cbin...


12/61

Vit Nam c 2 vng NN quan trng l NN vng

casng ngbngsng HngvNNngbngsng CuLong:

-NNvng casng ngbngsng Hng

+ Dintch 229.762 ha

+ Tptrung cc hsinh thi vithnh phncc loi

thcvt,ngvtvng rngngpmnphong ph,

cbitl nictr canhiuloi chim nc.


13/61

-NNngbngsng CuLong

+ Dintch tngpnc4.939.684 ha.

+yl bi quan trngcanhiuloi thysndi

ctpha thngngunsng M Cng.

+ Nhngkhu rngngpncv ngbngngpl

cngl nhngvng c timnngsnxutcao.+ C 3 hsinh thi tnhin:

Hsinh thi ngpmnven bin

Hsinh thi rngtrm vng ngpncnia Hsinh thi casng


14/61

-cimctrngcaHST tngpnc:

t ngp nc thngc loi t ng nht

C hngthcvtthch nghi hocchuciukinngpnc

C s hin din ca nc

HST

tngpnc


15/61

VI. Mtshsinh thi tngpncVitNam1. Rngngpmncngi


16/61

- Rng ngp mn Cn Ginm gn trong huyn CnGi ca TP H Ch Minh.- Ta: t102214- 103739 v Bc, t 106

4612- 107 0050 kinh ng. Phangtipgip vitnhngNai v B RaVngTu. Pha Ty gip vi tnhTinGiang v tnhLong An.Pha Bcgip vihuynNhB TPHCM. Pha Nam gipvi binng.

-Khu d tr sinh quyn Cn Gicn gi lRng Sc

1. Vtr al:


17/61

Trc chin tranh, Cn

Gi l khu rng ngp

mn vi qun th ng

thc vt phong ph.Nhng trong chin tranh

bom nv chtcha

hc lm ni y tr

thnh vngtcht.

2. Lcs:


18/61

- Nm 1978, CnGic sp

nhpvThnh phHCh Minh,

v nm1979 UBND thnh phH

Ch Minh pht ng chin dch

trng li rng Cn Gi khi

phclihsinh thi ngpmn.

- Ngy 21/ 01/ 2000, khu rng

ny c Chng trnh Con

ngi v Sinh Quyn -

MAB ca UNESCO cng nhn l

Khu d tr sinh quyn u tin

caVitNam.


19/61

- Skhi phcv pht trincngnhbovcakhu

rng ny ghi nhn s ng gp rt ln ca lc

lngthanh nin xung phong thnh phHChi Minhv nhn dn Cn Gi. Hin khu rng c giao

cho chnh ngidn niychmsc v qunl.


20/61

- CnGi l hsinh thi trunggian giahsinh thi thyvcvi h sinh thi trn cn, hsinh thi ncngt v hsinhthi ncmn.- Rng Cn Gi nhn mt

lnglnph sa tsngngNai, cng vi nh hng cabin k cn v cc t thytrium hthcvtniyrt

phong ph vi trn 150 loithcvt,trthnh nguncungcpthcnv nitr ngchort nhiu loi thy sinh, c vcc ng vt c xng

sngkhc.

3.adngsinh hc:

RNG


21/61

C trn 30.300ha rng Cn Gi pht trin xanh tt, trong

s ny din tch rng trng chim trn 21.300ha.

RNG:


22/61

V thc vt:

- C 157 loi thcvtthuc76 h.

- Trong ,c 35 loi cy rngngpmnthuc36 chi,

24 h

- Nhiu loicy, chyu l bn trng,mm trng, cc

qunhpci- bntrngcng xu i,trang, ng

v.v v cc loinc lnhbn chua, r, da l,

rng, v.v- Thm c bin vi cc loi u th Halophyla sp.,

Halodule sp., v Thalassia sp


23/61


24/61


25/61


26/61

-Trong c 11 loi b st c tn trong sch Vit

Nam nh: tck (gekko gekko), knc(varanus

salvator), trnt (python molurus), trngm (python

reticulatus), rncpnong (bungarus fasciatus), rnh

mang(naja naja), rn h cha (ophiophagus

hannah), vch (chelonia mydas), c su hoa

c (crocodylus porosus)


27/61

RngngpmnCnGitrthnh "l phi"ng

thi l "qu thn"c chcnng lm schkhng kh

v nc thi t cc thnh ph cng nghip trong

thngngun sng ngNai - Si Gn ra bin

ng.


28/61

2. Vn quc gia Trm Chim

- Trm Chim nmtrong vngng

Thp Mi, thuc huyn TamNng, tnhngThp.

- Taa l 1040 1047v

bc,10526- 10536ng- Vi tngdin tch 7.313 ha nm

trong a gii ca 5 x (Ph c,

Ph Hip,Ph Thnh B, Ph Th,Tn Cng Sinh) v Th trn Trm

Chim, vi s dn trong vng l

30.000 ngi.


29/61


30/61

Lcs

- Nm 1985, Trm Chim cyban Nhn dn tnhngThp thnh lpvitn gil Cng ty Nng Lm Ngtrng

Trm Chim.

- Nm1991, Trm Chim trthnh Khu Bo tnThin nhin

Trm Chim cp tnh, nhm bo tn loi su u (Grus

antigone sharpii).

- Nm1994, niytrthnh Khu BotnThin nhin Trm

Chim, cpqucgia.- Nm1998, niytrthnh Vnqucgia Trm Chim.


31/61

Chcnng

- L mtphncadi snvnho, tonn cc gi trtinh thnv thmm

-Bo tn h sinh thi t ngp nc c trng ca

vngngThp Mi- Bov khu vc di tr cho cc loi chim di c,c

bit l loi chim su (Grus antigone), bo tn cc

loing-thcvtbna,cc ngungen qu him

- Duy tr nhng iu kin thch hp cho vic nghin

cu mi trng t nhin v bo v ti nguyn thin

nhin.


32/61

adngsinh hc

Hngvt:

- C trn 100 loi ngvtc xngsng, gn40 loi lngc b st, c 129 loi c nc ngt, 231 loi chim nc

thuc49 h, 14 b.

-cbitc 16 loi chim qy himsinh sngv cbov nh: Su u , Gi y ln, Gi y Java, C qum

uen,C tha,ibng en.

-Trong s 129 loi c, ch yu l nhm c trng (chim

khong 75%), cn li l nhm c en, c trng l c lc

ng,c lc bng v c stbm.


33/61

C c

Dicla Suu

inin

Bnng chn xm Gi yjava


34/61


35/61

Hthcvt:

- Kt qu kho st ghi nhn c 130 loi thc vt

thuc47 h, phn bthnh nhngqunx thcvtc

trng.

+ VQG Trm Chim adngsinh hcv cc kiu thmthc vt bao gm cc ng c ngp nc theo ma,

rngtrm ti sinh v cc mly.

+ Tiyc 5 qunx cdichnh, trong c qunxcnngv la ma (la tri)chimuth.


36/61

Cc hsinh thi chyu:

- HST rngtrm

-ngcngpnctheo ma gm5 qunx cdichnh:

+ngcnng

+ngcmm+ngcng

+ngla ma

+ Lc nc- HST mly


37/61

HST rng trm: (Melaleuca cajuputi) l thm thc vt

thn gc dintch lnnht,dintch khong2968 ha.

Cy trm cphn brngkhptrong VQG, bao gm

cc khu trm trngv trm mcrirc xen lntrong cc

trngcv mly.- Nhng loi chim thnggp: c trng,c b,c la,

c lp, vc,dicla,dicxm, inging,cngcc, tu

h, c ngi, c cm,c


38/61

Hsinh thi ngcncngptheo ma:

- ngcngpnc theo ma l mt trong nhng

hsinh thi kh phbin trong khu vcVQG Trm

Chim.


39/61

ngcnng (Eleocharis sp.) chimdin tch khong2.968

ha, to thnh mttrong nhngthmcrng ln; v hpvi

cc loi khc to thnh cc qun x thc vt: nng kim

nngng;nngkim - cng; nngng - cng ;nngng -

cng-la ma.

- Nhng ni c a hnh thp v ngp nc quanh nm thxen ln trong qunx nng l nhng loi thcvt thysinh

nhnhcn vng ,sng ma ,rong uichn.

Nhng loi chim thng gp: su (Grus antigone), c trng(Egretta garzetta), c b(Ardeola bacclus), trch c,trch t,

vttri(Anas poecilorhyncha)


40/61

ngcmm (Ischaemumspp.); chimdintch kh nh,

khong41,8 ha.

- Bao gmmmnthunv qunx mm- cng. Phn

bhindinchyutrn nhngdilip,btc ahnh

cao ccbtrong mtvng ahnh thp.

Nhng loi chim thng gp: cng cc

(Pharacrocoraxniger), chinchin(Prinia flaviventris), c b

(Ardeola bacclus), c la (Ixobrychus sinensis), ct nh

(Turnix syluatica), dic la (Ardea purpurea), dic xm

(Ardea cinerea), c (Tyto capensis), giang sen (Mycteria

leucocephala), gi y(Leptoptilos dubius).


41/61

ngcng(Panicum repens):phn btrn mtdinrng,

chim din tch khong 958,4 ha, dng n thun hoc

cng xuthinvicc loi thcvtthn thokhc: cng-

cs; cngla ma; cng- cch; cngmai dng.

Nhng loi chim thng gp: cng t (Houbaropsisbengalensis), chinchin(Prinia flaviventris), snca (Alauda

gulgula), s bi (Saxicola caprata), tru u hung (Merops

superciliosus), c (Tyto capensis), trch, c (Ardeola bacclus),giang sen (Mycteria leucocephala), gi y (Leptoptilos

dubius), chch mly(Locustella certhiola)


42/61

ngla ma

ngla ma (Oryza rufipogon); phn bkh rng,chimdin

tch khong824 ha. Tuy nhin, cnh ng la ma n thun

c dintch kh nh,dintch cn lic skthpvinhng

loi thcvtkhc tothnh nhngqunx thcvtctrng

cho vng t ngpnc: la ma - cng; la ma - c bc,

khong160 ha; la ma - cng- cch.

Hunh ttccc loi chim trong Trm Chim u thch vi

ngla ma, kcsuu(Grus antigone), sinh cnhny

adngsinh hcrtcao.


43/61


44/61

ngcngpnctheo ma

Trm


45/61

Hsinh thi mly

Bao gm:Sen v nghl chyu

- Nghphn bnhngniahnh trngthp, khong159ha. Trong , nghnthunchimkhong138 ha, phncn

lihindinchung viloi thcvtkhc nhla ma, rau da,

nhcn vng.

Nhngloi chim thnggp: c la,c lp, c c,c b

- Sensng chyutrn cc vng mlyngpncquanh

nm, dc theo khu trng thpcadng sng c, chimdin

tch khong158 ha.Nhngloi chim thnggp: le hi , le khoang cvttritrch

c, trch r, g li nc,g ncvn,mng kt ,bi c.


46/61


47/61

3. Khu dtrsinh quynthgiichu thsng

Hng

Bao gmckhu vcbi ngang, rngngpmnKimSn, Ngha Hng, Thi Thy, VQG Giao Thy, cn

Ni,cnVnh, cnTh,khu botnthin nhin Tin

Hi,v cc vng phcn,Khu Ramsar Xun Thu. yl khu Ramsar ccng nhnvo nm1989,

l khu u tin VitNam, cng l khu Ramsar u

tin cangNam v th50 cathgii, l nictr canhngloi chim nc.


48/61

C khong 200 loi chim, trong c gn 60 loichim di c,hn50 loi chim nc.

Nhiuloi qu himcghi trong sch thgiinh: c tha, mng b,rmtha, c trngbc,...

Sinh cnh c sc ni y l nhng cnh rng

ngpmn rng hng ngn ha, m lymn, bi bi

ven binv casng.

Nhngcnh rngny cv nhbctngxanhbovbin,lng xm khibtn ph bigi bo,

ncbindng, v cthmhosng.


49/61

Khu d tr sinh quyn th gii ng bng sng

Hngc timnngrtlnvdu lchsinh thi, tham

quan v tm hiuvthgiitnhin.


50/61

1. Thctrng:

- VitNam l mtncgiu cc hsinh thi tngp

nc,vidintchNNhn10 triuha, chim1/3 din

tch taicnc.- Chyuphn bvng chu thsng Hng(1,29 tr

ha), sng CuLong (3,9 tr ha), cc HST mph, cc

bi bn, cc ca sng v RNM phn b dc theo bbin ko di t Mng Ci( Qung Ninh) n H Tin

(Kin Giang).

V. Thc trng, nguyn nhn v bin php bovadnghsinh thi tngpnc


51/61

- Vng tngpnc lnnhtcaVitNam l chu

thsng CuLong bao gmhthngsng, ngi, knh,

rchchngcht,nhngcnh ngbt ngt, rngngp

mn,rngtrm, cc bi triu,ao nui tm, c.

- VitNam hinc trn 60 vng tngpncc tm

quan trng quc gia v quc t nh: vn quc gia

Xun Thy(ccng nhnl khu Ramsar), khu dtr

sinh quyn Cn Gi, vn quc gia Trm Chim, ph

Tam Giang- CuHai


52/61

- C khong12.115 loi thysinh vtphn bmi

trng bin, mi trng nc l v cc vng nc

niacng vihn300 loi ngvtc xngsng.

- Th c 47 loi thuc11 h,4 b; chim c 170 - 180

loi thuc 42 h nm trong 20 b; b st c 35 loi

thuc6 hv huht162 loi lngcthngsngv pht trintrong mi trngNN.

- Trong sny ghi nhn60 loi thucdinc nguy

cbedac tn trong Sch VitNam nm2007nh ri c lng mt, ri c vut b, mo c, hu

mly.


53/61

- Trong 15 nmqua, dintch tngpnctnhin

gimi,dintch tngpncnhn totngln.- Dintch rngngpmngim183.724ha trong 20

nm qua (t nm 1995). Trong khi din tch nui trng

thy sn tng ln 1,1 triu ha nm 2003. n nm2007 dintch tngpncgimmnh

Gy suy gimadnghsinh thi tngpnc.


54/61

2. Nguyn nhn

- S gia tng dn s

- Ci c tr b tn ph v nhim

- Cha c quy hoch tng th bo tn v khai thchp l

- Do cc qu trnh t nhin

- Bin i kh hu


55/61

- D bo v BKH, nhit tri t nng ln, mc

ncbinsdng t75 cm n1 m vo nm2100. Khong 20 n 30% din tch vng thp ng

bng sng Cu Long v 11% din tch vng ng

bng sng Hng b ngp v s c khong 78 sinh

cnhtnhin quan trng,trong c 36 khu botn

thin nhin, 8 vnquc gia v 11 khu d tr thin

nhin kccc khu Ramsar sbnhhng.


56/61

3. Binphp bov

- Cnc dbo cthtrn cskhoa hccc vng

sbnhhngnngc binphp ngnnga,thch

ngkhi c kh huccoanxyra.

- Bovhiuqucc rnsan h, thmcbinnhng

khu rngngpmncn st lihinnay.

- ng thi, trnggia c,chmsc bovdin tch

rng ngp mn c trng trong nhng nm gn

y.


57/61

- Kim sot thng xuyn kp thi loi tr c

hiuqucc loi sinh vtngoilai xm hitrong HSTt ngp nc v loi ngoi lai s xm chim mi

trngsngcacc loi bna,y li loi bna

ra khikhu sinh sng.- Bo m ngun nc sch, lu thng chng

nhim ngun nc ti cc khu t ngp nc ca

vnqucgia, khu bo tn thin nhin, khu Ramsartrong cc vng mincatnc.


58/61


59/61

- Xy dngmtsm hnh pht trinnn kinh t

xanh thch ngviBKHcngnhm hnh bov

rngngpmn,rngcngngv mts loi ng

vtbin- ohoang d.

- Cn c chnh sch ph hp gip cng ng aphng pht trin nn kinh t xanh nhm gp phn

ci thin i sng tinh thn v vt cht bng cc

ngunti nguyn vngNNcc aphng(du lch

sinh thi bnvng),nui trngcc loi thyhisnc

gi trkinh t.


60/61

- Xy dngcc tiu ch hngdncngnga

phngsdngkhn kho cc loi c gi trkinh tHSTNNcc aphng.

- Nng cao nhnthccho cn bqun l cc cp,

B,cngngv vai tr, chcnng quan trngcaHSTNNivicucsnghintiv tnglai.

- C cchphihpngbcc cp,cc ngnh

c lin quan tTrung ngnaphng.


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