CC H THNG K HIU VT LIU KIM LOI

Mi nc u c tiu chun quy nh cc mc (k hiu) cng nh cc yu cu k thut cho cc sn phm kim loi ca mnh v c cch vit tn cc k hiu (mc) khc nhau. Ngoi tiu chun Vit nam nh trnh by, chng ta thng gp tiu chun quc t ca cc nc ln trn th gii: M, Nht, Nga, Trung quc, Php, c, Anh, v ca EU. T chc tiu chun Quc t ISO (International Standard Organization) tuy c a ra cc tiu chun, song qu mun i vi cc nc cng nghip pht trin v h c h thng k hiu t trc v quen dng, khng d g sa i; v th ch c tc dng vi cc nc ang pht trin, ang xy dng cc tiu chun. Tiu chun Nga OCT, Trung Quc GB c phn quen thuc ! nc ta. Do cc quan h lch s, ni chung TCVN v GB u "c xy dng theo cc nguyn tc ca OCT. i vi thp cn thng dng:

Cc loi thp ch quy nh (m bo) c tnh : OCT c cc mc t CTO n CT6; GB : A1 n A7 (Con s ch th t c$p bn t%ng dn. phn bit thp si, na lng v lng sau cc mc OCT c ui K&, &C, C&; ca GB c F, b ( thp lng khng c ui);

Cc loi thp quy nh (bo m) thnh phn: OCT c cc mc t 'CTO n 'CT6; GB: t B1 n B7;

Cc loi thp quy nh (bo m) c c tnh l(n thnh phn: OCT c cc mc t 'CT1 n 'CT5; GB c t C2 n C5.

i vi thp cc bon ch to my OCT v GB c cc k hiu ging ht nhau: theo s phn vn cc bon, v d mc 45 l thp c trung bnh 0,45 %C.

i vi thp dng c cc bon OCT c cc mc t Y7 n Y13, GB c t T7 n T13 (s ch phn nghn cacbon trung bnh).

i vi thp hp kim c c ch) (ch nguyn t h"p kim) l(n s (ch l"ng cc bon v nguyn t h"p kim) theo nguyn t*c:

2 s u ch phn vn cc bon (nu khng nh+ hn 1% C th khng cn); Tip theo l k hiu ca tng nguyn t v s ch phn tr%m ca n (nu gn 1% hay khng

nh+ hn 1% th khng cn). OCT dng cc ch) ci Nga k hiu nguyn t h"p kim nh sau: X ch Crm, H ch Niken,

B ch Volfram, M ch Molipden, T ch Titan, K ch Cban, C ch Silic, ch Mn,P: bo; ,: vanadi; -: nhm; .: /ng; ': niobi; 0: ziccn; A: Nit; 1:$t him; Ring ch) A saucng ch thp ch$t l"ngcao t S, P.

GB dng chnh k hiu ha hc biu th tng nguyn t, v d: Cr cho crm, Nh 12XH3A, 12CrNi3A l thp c khong 0.12%C, 1%Cr, khong 3%Ni vi ch$t l"ng cao. XB , CrWMn l thp c khong 1% C, khong 1%Cr, khong1%Mn v 1% W.

i vi h"p kim mu OCT k hiu nh sau: - ch uy-ra, tip sau l s th t AM ch s th t Al, Mg tip sau l th t A ch h"p kim

nhm c tip sau l s th t.

- ch latng tip sau l s ch phm tr%m /ng ch brng tip sau l dy cc nguyn t h"p kim v dy s ch phm tr%m ca cc nguyn t tng ng

GB k hiu h"p kim mu nh sau: - LF h"p kim nhm chng g, LY uy-ra (c hai loi, tip sau l s th t), ZL: H"p kim nhm

c vi 3 s tip theo (trong s u tin ch loi, v d 1 ch Al-Si, 2 ch Al-Cu) - H ch latng, tip sau l ch phn tr%m /ng, Q l ch brng tip sau l nguyn t h"p kim

chnh, s ch phn tr%m ca nguyn t chnh v tng cc nguyn t khc. i vi gang OCT k hiu nh sau :

C1 ch gang xm v s tip theo ch b (kg/mm2) B1 ch gang cu v s tip theo ch b

(kg/mm2). K1 ch gang d2o vi cc ch s ch b (kg/mm2) v (%)

GB k hiu gang nh sau: HT cho gang xm v s tip theo ch b (MPa). QT cho gang cu v cc s ch b(MPa) v (%). KTH cho gang d2o ferit. KTZ cho gang d2o peclit v cc ch s tip theo b(MPa) v (%).

M l nc c r$t nhiu h thng tiu chun phc tp, song c nh hu!ng ln n th gii (ph bin trong sch gio khoa v ti liu k thut) c bit ! cc nc ngoi h thng x hi ch ngh3a c. 4 y ch trnh by cc mc theo h tiu chun thng "c dng nh$t i vi tng loi vt liu kim loi

i vi thp cn thng thng dng ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) k hiu theo cc s trn (42, 50, 60, 65) ch 0,2 min(ksi 1ksi = 1000 psi = 6.8948MPa = 0.703kG/mm

2) i vi bng HSLA thng dng SAE (Society for Automotive Engineers) k hiu b*t u

b5ng s 9 v hai s tip theo ch 0,2 min(ksi) i vi thp C v h"p kim kt c$u cho ch to my thng dung h thng AISI/SAE vi bn s

trong 2 s u ch loi thp, 2 s cui cng ch phn vn cacbon:

10xx thp cacbon 4xxx thp Mo 11xx thp d c*t c S 5xxx thp Cr 12xx thp d c*t c S v P 6xxx thp Cr-V 13xx thp Mn (1,00 1.765%) 7xxx thp W -Cr 15xx thp Mn (1.75%) 8xxx thp Ni-Cr-Mo 2xxx thp Ni 9xxx thp Si-Mn 3xxx thp Ni-Cr xxBxx thp B xxLxx thp cha

Mun bit thnh phn c th phi tra bng. V d thp 1038 c 0,35-0,42%C; 0,60-0,90%Mn;

%P 0,040; %S 6 0,050 cho cc bn thnh phm rn, thanh, dy, cn nng, cn tinh v ng khng rn; thp 5140 c 0,38-0,43%C; 0,70-0,90%Mn; %P 6 0,035; %S 6 0,040; 0,15-0,3%Si; 0,70-0,90%Cr

Nu thp "c bo m th$m ti th 5ng sau k hiu c thm ch) H, v d 5140 H, 1037 H. i vi thp dng c thng dng h thng ca AISI (American iron and steel institute) "c

k hiu b5ng mt ch) ci ch c im ca thp v ch th t quy c:

M thp gi mlpen T thp gi volfram (tungsten) H Thp lm khun dp nng (hot word) A Thp lm khun dp ngui h"p kim trung bnh t ti, ti

trong khng kh D Thp lm khun dp ngui, crm v ccbon cao O Thp lm khun dp ngui ti du (oil hardening) S Thp lm dng c chu va p (shock resisting) L Thp dng c c cng dng ring h"p kim th$p (low-alloy) P Thp lm khun p (nha) c cacbon th$p W Thp dng c cacbon ti nc (water-hardening)

i vi thp khng g, tiu chun ca AISI khng nh)ng thnh hnh ! M m cn "c nhiu nc a vo tiu chun ca mnh, n "c k hiu b5ng ba ch) s trong b*t u b5ng 2 hoc 3 l thp auxtenit, b5ng 4 l thp ferit hay mactenxit.

i vi h"p kim nhm, tiu chun AA (Aluminum Association) c uy tn nh$t ! M v trn th gii cng "c nhiu nc ch$p nhn, n k hiu b5ng 4 ch) s i vi loi dng:

1xxx ln hn 99% Al 5xxx Al-Mg 2xxx Al-Cu 6xxx Al-Si-Mg 3xxx Al-Mn 7xxx Al-Zn 4xxx Al-Si 8xxx Al-nguyn t khc

H"p kim nhm c cng c 4 ch) s song trc s cui (thng l s 0) c d$u ch$m (.)

1xx.0 Nhm sch thng phm 2xx.0 Al-Cu 3xx.0 Al-Si-Cu (Mg) 4xx.0 Al-Si 5xx.0 Al-Mg 7xx.0 Al-Zn 8xx.0 Al-Sn

i vi h"p kim /ng ngi ta dung h thng CDA (Copper Development Association):

1xx Khng nh+ hn 99% Cu (ring 19x ln hn 97% Cu) 2xx Cu-Zn (latng) 3xx Cu-Zn-Pb 4xx Cu-Zn-Sn 5xx Cu-Sn 60x 64x Cu-Al v Cu-Al-nguyn t khc 65x 69x Cu-Si v Cu-Zn-nguyn t khc 7xx Cu-Ni v Cu-Ni-nguyn t khc

Ngoi cc t chc tiu chun trn, ! M cn hng chc cc t chc khc cng c k hiu ring

v vt liu kim loi, do vy vic phn bit chng r$t kh kh%n. Xu$t pht t mun c mt k hiu thng nh$t cho mi thnh phn c th, SAE v SATM t 1967 a ra h thng s thng nh$t UNS (Unified Numbering System) trn c s! ca nh)ng s trong cc k hiu truyn thng. UNS g/m 5 con s v ch) ng u ch loi vt liu, ! y ch gii thiu mt s: A nhm, C - /ng, F gang, G thp cacbon v thp h"p kim, H thp bo m th$m ti, S thp khng g v chu nhit, T thp dng c.

Trong s n%m con s s7 c nhm ba - bn con s (u hay cui) l$y t cc k hiu truyn thng k trn (tr gang, thp dng c).

V d, UNS G 10400 xu$t pht t AISI/SAE 1040 (thp 0,40%C), UNS A 91040 xu$t pht t AA 1040 (h"p kim nhm bin dng c 99,40% Al).

Nht Bn ch dung mt tiu chun JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards), vi c im l dung

hon ton h o ng quc t, c th l ng su$t theo MPa. T$t c cc thp u "c b*t u b5ng ch) S. Thp cn thng dng "c k hiu b5ng s ch gii hn bn ko hay gii hn chy th$p nh$t

(tu8 tng loi). SS thp cn thng c tc dng chung, SM thp cn lm kt c$u hn, nu thm ch) A l SMA thp chng %n mn trong kh quyn, SB thp t$m lm n/i hi.

Thp cacbon ch to my: SxxC hay SxxCK trong xx ch phn vn cacbon trung bnh (ch) K ! cui l loi c ch$t l"ng cao: l"ng P, S khng ln hn 0,025%).

Thp h"p kim ch to my g/m h thng ch) v s: + B*t u b5ng SCr thp Cr, SMn thp Mangan, SNC thp niken-crm, SNCM

thp nikel-crm-mlpen, SCM thp crm-mlpen, SACM thp nhm-crm-mlpen, SMnC thp mangan-crm;

+ Tip theo l ba ch) s trong hai ch) s cui cng ch phn vn cacbon trung bnh. Thp d c*t "c k hiu b5ng SUM, thp n h/i SUP, thp l%n SUJ v s th t. Thp dng c b*t u b5ng SK v s th t: SKx thp dng c cacbon SKHx thp gi KSx thp lm dao c*t v khun dp ngui SKD v SKT thp lm khun dp nng, c p lc. Thp khng g "c k hiu b5ng SUS v s tip theo trng vi s ca AISI, thp chu nhit

"c k hiu b5ng SUH. Gang xm "c k hiu b5ng FCxxx, gang cu FCDxxx, gang d2o li en FCMBxxx, li

tr*ng FCMWxxx, peclit FCMPxxx, cc s xxx u ch gii hn bn. Cc h"p kim nhm v /ng c nhm l$y s theo AA v CDA vi pha trc c A (ch nhm),

C (ch /ng). Php v c c tiu chun AFNOR (Association Franccaise de NORmalisation) v DIN

(Deutsche Institut fur Normalisierung), chng c nhiu nt ging nhau. Php, c cng nh cc nc trong lien minh chu u EU ang trn qu trnh nh$t th ho kinh

t cng nh tiu chun. Hin nay cc nc trong EU dung chung tiu chun EN 10025 90 v thp cn thong dng lm kt c$u xy dng vi cc mc Fe 310, Fe 360, Fe 430, Fe 510, Fe 590 (s ch bn ko theo MPa).

Thp cacbon ch to my "c k hiu theo s phn vn cacbon trung bnh. V d, vi thp c khong 0,35%C AFNOR k hiu l C35 hay XC35 (mc sau c dao ng thnh phn h9p hn), DIN k hiu C35 hay CK35.

Thp h"p kim th$p (loi khng c nguyn t no v"t qu 5%) "c k hiu theo trt t sau: - Hai ch) s u biu th l"ng cacbon trung bnh theo phn vn; - Lit k cc nguyn t h"p kim: DIN dng chnh k hiu ha hc, cn AFNOR dng

cc ch) ci: C cho crm, N cho niken, M cho mangan, S cho silic, D cho molipden, W cho volfram, V cho vanadi;

- Lit k l"ng cc nguyn t h"p kim theo trt t, sau khi nhn s phn tr%m vi 4 (i vi Mn, Si, Cr, Co, Ni) v vi 10 (i vi cc nguyn t cn li). V d: 34 CD4 ca AFNOR v 34CrMo 4 ca DIN c khong 0.34%C, khong 1% Cr v khong 0.10%Mo.

Bng i chiu mt s mc thp, gang ca cc nc TCVN :OCT GB UNS AISI/SAE JIS AFNOR DIN BS C45 45 45 G10450 1045 S45C X45 C45 06A45 40Cr 40X 40Cr G51400 5140 SCr440 42C4 42C4 530A40 OL100Cr2 ;X15 GCr15 G52986 42100 SUJ2 100C6 100C6 535A99 20Cr13 20X13 2X13 S42000 420 SUS420J1 Z20C13 X20Cr13 420S29 08Cr18Ni10 08X18H90 0Cr18Ni9 S30200 304 SUS304 Z7CN18.09 X15Cr-Ni18 304S31 CD100 Y10 T10 T72301 W109 SK4 Y1-90 10 - 210Cr12 X12 Cr12 T30403 D3 SKD1 Z200C12 C105W1 BD3 80

PH LC

1 - Thnh phn ha hc ca cc mc thp cacbon cht lng thng phn nhm B 2 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca nhm thp kt cu cacbon cht lng tt 3 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca thp xy dng hp kim thp 4 - Thnh phn ha hc ca cc thp thm cacbon 5 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp ha tt 6 - Thnh phn ha hc ca thp n hi 7 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca thp d ct 8 - Mt s loi thp dng c chnh ca M (Tiu chun SAE/AISI) 9 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp dng c hp kim thp 10 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s loi thp gi 11 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp khun dp ngui 12 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp khun dp nng 13 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca mt s loi thp khng g 14 - Mt s mc gang thng dng (Theo tiu chun ASTM) 15 - K hiu, cng dng ca mt s ng (TCVN 1659-75) 16 - Thnh phn, k hiu ca mt s latng theo TCVN v CDA 17 - Thnh phn, k hiu ca mt s brng theo TCVN v CDA 18 - K hiu v trng thi gia cng hp kim nhm ca Nga, M v Canada 19 - Tiu chun k hiu hp kim nhm theo Aluminum Association 20 - Bng quy i thnh phn, k hiu mt s HK nhm theo TCVN v Aluminum Association (AA)

1 - Thnh phn ha hc ca cc mc thp cacbon ch$t l"ng thng phn nhm B

Si trong thp, % S, % P, % Mc thp C, % Mn, %

Si Na lng Lng Khng qu BCT31 60.23 - - - - 0.06 0.06 BCT33 0.06-0.12 0.25-0.50 0.05 0.05-0.17 0.12-0.30 0.05 0.04 BCT34 0.09-0.15 0.25-0.50 0.05 0.05-0.17 0.12-0.30 0.05 0.04 BCT38 0.14-0.22 0.30-0.65 0.07 0.05-0.17 0.12-0.30 0.05 0.04 BCT42 0.18-0.27 0.40-0.70 0.07 0.05-0.17 0.12-0.30 0.05 0.04 BCT51 0.28-0.37 0.50-0.80 - 0.05-0.17 0.15-0.35 0.05 0.04 BCT61 0.38-0.49 0.50-0.80 - 0.05-0.17 0.15-0.35 0.05 0.04

2 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca nhm thp kt c$u cacbon ch$t l"ng tt

C tnh sau khi thng ha b,

MPa 0.2, MPa

5, %

, %

HB cng

sau , HB ak,

kJ/m2 Mc thp

C, % Mn, %

= 6 = C8 0.05-0.12 0.35-0.65 320 200 33 60 131 - -

C10 0.07-0.14 0.35-0.65 340 210 31 55 143 - - C15 0.12-0.19 0.35-0.65 380 230 27 55 149 - - C20 0.17-0.24 0.35-0.65 420 250 25 50 163 - - C25 0.22-0.30 0.50-0.80 460 280 23 50 170 - 900 C30 0.27-0.35 0.50-0.80 500 300 21 45 179 - 800 C35 0.32-0.40 0.50-0.80 540 320 20 45 207 - 700 C40 0.37-0.45 0.50-0.80 580 340 19 40 217 187 600 C45 0.42-0.50 0.50-0.80 610 360 16 40 229 197 500 C50 0.47-0.55 0.50-0.80 640 380 14 35 241 207 400 C55 0.52-0.60 0.50-0.80 660 390 13 - 255 217 - C60 0.57-0.65 0.50-0.80 690 410 12 35 255 217 - C65 0.62-0.70 0.50-0.80 710 420 10 30 255 229 - C70 0.67-0.75 0.50-0.80 730 430 9 30 269 229 - C75 0.72-0.80 0.50-0.80 1100 900 7 30 285 241 - C80 0.77-0.85 0.50-0.80 1100 950 6 30 285 241 - C85 0.82-0.90 0.50-0.80 1150 1000 6 30 302 255 - Ghi ch:

- Cc mc u cha 0.17-0.37 %Si; - M(u th c ng knh v chiu dy nh+ hn 80 mm; - dai va p cc thp th ! trng thi ha tt; - C tnh ca cc thp C75, C80, C85 cng th ! trng thi ha tt (Ti va ram cao)

3 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca thp xy dng h"p kim th$p

Thnh phn cc nguyn t, % C tnh Mc thp

C Si Mn Cr khc b, MPa

0.2, MPa

, %

19Mn 0.16-0.22 0.2-0.4 0.7-1.1

38CrNi3MoV 0.33-0.42 1.20-1.50

-D3 2.25 - 12.0 - - 1.0 - - ngui, calip, H Thp lm vic nhit cao

-H10 0.40 - 3.25 0.4 - 2.5 - - -H21 0.35 - 3.5 - 0.9 - - -

-H42 0.60 - 4.0 2.0 - 8.0 - -

Khun p kim loi (Al, Mg). khun c, khun rn-dp,

T- Thp gi h volfram -T1 0.75 - 4.0 1.0 18.0 - - - -T6 0.80 - 4.5 1.5 20.0 - 12 -

Dao tin, phay, bo, mi khoan,

M- Thp gi h W v Mo -M1 0.80 - 4.1 1.0 1.5 8.0 - - -M2 0.90 - 4.0 2.0 6.0 5.0 - -

-M30 0.80 - 2.0 1.25 2.0 0.8 5.0 -

Dng c c*t nhanh, c tnh chng mi mn r$t cao

P Thp lm khun p Polyme -P1 0.17 - 2.0 - - 0.2 - 0.5Ni -P2 0.10 - 2.6 - - - - 1.25Ni

Dng c p n nha,

9 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp dng c h"p kim th$p

Thnh phn cc nguyn t, % Mc thp C Cr Mn Si W

130Cr05 1.25-1.40 0.40-0.60 -

11 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp khun dp ngui

Thnh phn cc nguyn t, % Mc thp C Cr W Mn Si Khc

100CrWMn 0.90-1.05 0.9-1.2 1.2-1.6 0.8-1.1 60.4 - 100CrWSiMn 0.90-1.05 0.6-1.1 0.5-0.8 0.6-0.9 0.65-1.0 0.05-0.15V 210Cr12 2.00-2.20 11.5-13.0 - 60.35 60.4 - 160Cr12Mo 1.45-1.65 11.0-12.5 - 60.35 60.4 0.4-0.6Mo 130Cr12V 1.25-1.45 11.0-12.5 - 60.35 60.4 0.7-0.9V 110Cr6WV 1.05-1.15 5.5-6.5 1.1-1.5 60.45 60.35 0.5-0.8V 40CrSi 0.34-0.45 1.3-1.6 - 60.40 1.2-1.6 - 40CrW2Si 0.35-0.44 1.0-1.3 2.0-2.5 60.40 0.6-0.9 -

12 - Thnh phn ha hc ca mt s thp khun dp nng

Thnh phn cc nguyn t, % Mc thp C Mn Cr W (Mo) Ni (Si) V

50CrNiMo 0.50-0.60 0.50-0.80 0.5-0.8 (0.15-0.3) 1.4-1.8 - 50CrNiW 0.50-0.60 0.50-0.80 0.5-0.8 0.4-0.7 1.4-1.8 - 50CrMnMo 0.50-0.60 1.20-1.60 0.6-0.9 (0.15-0.3) - - 30Cr2W8V 0.30-0.40 0.15-0.40 2.2-2.7 7.5-8.5 - 0.2-0.5 40Cr2W5MoV 0.35-0.45 0.15-0.40 2.2-3.0 4.5-5.5 - 0.6-0.9 40Cr5W2VSi 0.35-0.45 0.15-0.40 4.5-5.5 1.6-2.2 (0.8-1.2) 0.6-0.9

13 - Thnh phn ha hc v c tnh ca mt s loi thp khng g

S hiu thp (SAE/AISI)

Thnh phn cc nguyn t Trng thi

C tnh, MPa

>, %

C Cr Ni Khc ?0.2 ?b Loi Mactenxit 410 0.15 13.0 - - 1375 1760 10 440B 0.75-0.95 17.0 - -

Ti v ram ! 400oC 1900 1950 3

Loi Ferit 405

14 - Mt s mc gang thng dng (Theo tiu chun ASTM)

Gii hn bn ko min

Gii hn chy min

d2o min, %

cng max, HB

Mc tng ng theo tiu chun Lin X c

Mc gang K hiu tiu chun

ksi MPa ksi MPa Gang xm No.20B* A48 20 138 No.25B A48 25 172 C 8-36 No.30B A48 30 207 C 1-40 No.35B A48 35 241 C 4-44 No.40B A48 40 276 C 8-48 No.45B A48 45 310 C 2-52 No.50B A48 50 345 C 5-56 No.55B A48 55 379 C 8-60 No.60B A48 60 414 Gang cu 32510 A 47-84 50 32.5 10 156 35018 A 47-84 53 35 18 156 22010 A47M-90 340 220 10 156 40010 A220-88 60 40 10 149-197 45008 A220-88 65 45 8 156-197 45006 A220-88 65 45 6 156-207 50005 A220-88 70 50 5 179-229 60004 A220-88 80 60 4 197-241 70003 A220-88 85 70 3 217-269 80002 A220-88 95 80 2 241-285 90001 A220-88 105 90 1 269-231 280M10 A220M-88 400 280 10 149-197 B 0-10 310M8 A220M-88 450 310 8 156-197 310M6 A220M-88 450 310 6 156-207 340M5 A220M-88 480 340 5 179-229 B 5-5 410M4 A220M-88 550 410 4 197-241 480M3 A220M-88 590 480 3 217-269 550M2 A220M-88 650 550 2 241-285 620M1 A220M-88 720 620 1 269-231 Gang do 0-40-18 A 536-84 60 414 40 276 18 5-45-12 A 536-84 65 448 45 310 12 0-55-06 A 536-84 80 552 55 379 6.0 10-70-03 A 536-84 100 689 70 483 3.0 10-90-02 A 536-84 120 827 90 621 2.0 Ghi ch: Sau cc k hiu mc gang c th c cc ch) ci A, B, C, S ph thuc vo ng knh m(u th, ! y, B ng vi m(u c ng knh l 30.5 mm.

15 - K hiu, cng dng ca mt s /ng + (TCVN 1659-75)

Hm l"ng % @ng dng STT Mc

Cu Bi Pb O P Tng 1 Cu99.99 99.99 0.0005 0.001 - 0.001 0.01 Lm dy d(n in

2 Cu99.97 99.97 0.001 0.004 - 0.002 0.03 Lm dy d(n hoc ch to h"p kim ch$t l"ng cao

3 Cu99.95 99.95 0.001 0.004 0.02 0.002 0.5 Nh Cu99.97

4 Cu99.90 99.90 0.001 0.005 0.05 - 0.1 Lm dy d(n in ch to brng khng Sn

5 Cu99.90 99.90 0.001 0.005 0.01 0.04 0.1 Nh Cu99.90 16 - Thnh phn, k hiu ca mt s latng theo TCVN v CDA

K hiu Tn

TCVN CDA Thnh phn, %

Latng LCuZn30 260 30Zn Latng LCuZn40 280 40Zn

Latng hi qun LCuZn29Sn1 464 29Zn-1Sn Latng LCuZn38Al1Fe - 38Zn1AlFe Latng LCuZn29Sn1Pb3 - 29Zn1Sn3Pb Mayso LCuZn27Ni18 770 27Zn18Ni

17 - Thnh phn, k hiu ca mt s brng theo TCVN v CDA

K hiu STT

TCVN CDA Thnh phn, %

1 BCuSn5P0.15 - 5Sn-0.1P 2 BCuSn5Zn5Pb5 836 5Sn-5Zn-5Pb 3 BCuAl5 - 5Al 4 BCuAl9Fe4 952 9Al-4Fe 5 BCuPb30 - 30Pb 6 BcuBe2 172 1.9Be-0.2Co

18 - K hiu v trng thi gia cng h"p kim nhm ca Nga, M v Canada Nga M, Canada K hiu ngh3a K hiu ngh3a

Hp kim nhm bin dng Hp kim nhm bin dng v c M A mm F Trng thi phi th T Ti v ha gi t nhin O A v kt tinh li T1 Ti v ha gi nhn to H Trng thi bin dng H Bin cng

Bin cng khng hon ton H11 Bin dng vi mc bin cng nh+

H1 Bin cng mnh H12 Bin dng vi mc bin cng TH Ti, ha gi t nhin, bin cng H14 Bin dng vi mc bin cng T1H Ti, bin cng, ha gi nhn to H16 Bin dng vi mc bin cng T1H1 Ti, bin cng 20%, ha gi nhn H18 Bin dng vi mc 4/4 bin cng

to Hp kim nhm c H19 Bin dng vi mc bin cng r$t ln

T1 Ha gi nhn to sau c H2X Bin dng tip theo h/i phc (X=2..9) T2 A H3X Bin dng tip theo n nh ha (X=2..9) T4 Ti T1 Ti sau bin dng nng, ha gi t nhin T5 Ti, ha gi mt phn T3 Ti, bin dng ngui, ha gi t nhin T6 Ti, ha gi ha bn cc i T4 Ging T3 nhng khng c bin dng

ngui T7 Ti, ha gi n nh T5 Ging T1 nhng ha gi nhn to T8 Ti, ha gi bin mm (qua ha gi) T6 Ging T4 nhng ha gi nhn to T7 Ging T6 nhng ha gi T8 Ti sau bin dng nng, ha gi nhn to T9 Ti, ha gi nhn to, bin dng ngui 19 - Tiu chun k hiu h"p kim nhm theo Aluminum Association

H"p kim nhm bin dng H"p kim nhm c H thng h"p kim Loi k hiu H thng h"p kim Loi k hiu

Al=99% 1000 Al sch cng nghip 100.0 Al-Cu v Al-Mg-Cu 2000 Al-Cu 200.0 Al-Mn 3000 Al-Si-Mg v Al-Si-Cu 300.0 Al-Si 4000 Al-Si 400.0 Al-Mg 5000 Al-Mg 500.0 Al-Mg-Si 6000 Al-Zn 700.0 Al-Zn-Mg v Al-Zn-Mg-Cu 7000 Al-Sn 800.0 Al-Cc nguyn t khc 8000 20 - Bng quy i thnh phn, k hiu mt s HK nhm theo TCVN v Aluminum Association (AA)

K hiu Thnh phn H h"p kim

TCVN AA Hp kim bin dng

Al sch Al 99.60 1060 99.60 Al Al cng nghip Al 99.00 1100 99.00 Al Al-Cu AlCu4.4Mg0.5Mn0.8 2014 4.4Cu-0.5Mg-0.8Mn Al-Cu-Mg AlCu4.4Mg1.5Mn0.6 2024 4.4Cu-1.5Mg-0.6Mn Al-Mn AlMn1.2 3004 1.2Mn-0.12Cu Al-Mg AlMg1.4 5050 1.4Mg Al-Mg-Si AlMg1Si0.6 6061 1Mg-0.6Si-0.2Cr-0.3Cu Al-Zn-Mg AlZn4.5Mg1.4 7005 4.5Zn-1.4Mg-0.12Cr-0.4Mn-0.15Zr Al-Zn-Mg-Cu AlZn5.6Mg2.5Cu4.6 7075 5.6Zn-2.5Mg-1.6Cu

Hp kim c Al-Cu AlCu4.5 295.0 4.5Cu-1Si Al-Si-Cu AlSi5.5Cu4.5 308.0 5.5Si-4.5Cu Al-Si-Mg AlSi7Mg0.3 356.0 7Si-0.3Mg Al-Si-Mg-Cu AlSi12Mg1.3Cu4Mn0.6 - 12Si-1.3Mg-2Cu-0.6Mn-1Ni-0.2Ti