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Heritage Resources Program: Overview
• Purpose– Assist FS program areas
maintaining ongoing compliance w/ heritage laws and policies while planning and implementing projects.
• Project Examples– Timber sales/veg. mgmt.– Wilderness maintenance projects– Prescribed fire– Wildland fire suppression
• Who does the work?– Archaeologists
• Historic• Pre-Contact• Industrial
– Historians– Historic Preservationists– Architectural Historians/Historic
Architects
Mandating Preservation and Stewardship: Heritage Resources Law and Policy
• Federal Law– Archaeological
Resources Protection Act (ARPA)
– Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA)
– National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA)
• Agency Policy– FSM 2360– Forest Plans
Archaeological Resource Protection Act (Public Law 96-95)
• Enacted in 1979.• Forbids removal of archaeological
resources from federal or tribal lands w/ out permit.
• Forbids the sale, purchase, exchange or transport of archaeological materials removed in violation of ARPA.
• Archaeological Site = 100 yrs or more in age.
• This is a criminal law with substantial fines and jail sentences meted out upon conviction.
• Confiscation of all personal property used in violation.
• Many successful prosecutions since enactment.
Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act (Public Law 101-601)
• Enacted in 1990.• The bulk of the law mandates the
repatriation of culturally identifiable human remains, burial goods and “items of cultural patrimony” to appropriate First Nations groups.
• “Inadvertent Discovery”– What to do?
• Stop all activity in the area.• Protect the site.• Notify coroner of local
jurisdiction and law enforcement.
• Notify heritage staff.• What to do issues are addressed in
a Plan of Action (POA) developed by each agency.
National Historic Preservation Act(Public Law 89-665)
• Enacted in 1966.• Sets up the historic
preservation system for the US.– Provides oversight agency
• Advisory Council on Historic Preservation
• State Historic Preservation Officers/Tribal Historic Preservation Officers
– Established the National Register of Historic Places
– Section 106• Mandates federal agencies to
review the effects their projects may have on heritage resources and mitigate those effects in consultation w/ the ACHP/SHPO
– Section 110• Federal agencies are
responsible for their own heritage concerns.
• Agency heritage resource programs
Heritage Resource Site Types
• Building/Compound• Structure• Archaeological Site
– Three elements• Artifacts• Ecofacts• Features• Ruins
– Historic– Precontact
• Grave/Cemetery• Monument• Rock Art• Traditional Cultural Property
Fire Effects
• Fire– Direct
• Burn/incineration– Buildings/Structures– Ruins– Artifacts
• Soil/sediment distrurbance– Indirect
• Erosion• Visual exposure of sites make it
easy for pot hunters to find them.
• Suppression Activities– Line Construction
• Hand line• Dozer line
– Safety zone construction– Spike camp activities– Retardant/water drops– High pressure hose– Remote helipad construction
Protection Measures
• Exclusionary Tactics– Line construction– Foaming– Sprinkler systems– Covering w/ fire retardant
material– Brushing, cutting…
• Non-exclusionary Tactics– Prescribed fire– Fuel reduction– Removal of artifacts
Resource Advisor Support to Heritage Resources
• Advocate for heritage support to fire if there is none.
• Inadvertent discoveries w/ out heritage staff member around?
– Archaeological site/Historic site• GPS: get a UTM of the estimated
mid-point of the site...• Take a picture • Protect the site
– Burial• Run away and forget you ever
seen it…• Kidding…• Protect the site, keep location
confidential• Get a hold of law enforcement
and local coroner…• Notify on-Forest Heritage staff
ASAP..• Encourage/advocate for the use of MIST
tactics… Heritage loves them too.• Remember, according to provisions in
ARPA and the NHPA site information is confidential…