Hernádi Tibor a rendszerváltás igaz története.doc

8/16/2019 Hernádi Tibor a rendszerváltás igaz története.doc

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/hernadi-tibor-a-rendszervaltas-igaz-toertenetedoc 1/468

1HERNÁDI TIBOR A RENDSZERVÁLTÁSIGAZ TÖRTÉNETE

Hernádi, Baja2002Hernádi Ti!"r# A rend$%er&á'(á$ i)a% (*r(+ne(eA SZERZ -AGÁN.IADÁSABA/A 200 HERNÁDI TIBOR 200ISBN 3 40 445 1

.+$%6'(#AL7A I8ari R(9 .iad: +$ N;"<da6%e<+!en113 B=da8e$(, L"<! =9 229Te'e>"n# 412?@103Tar(a'"<je);%+ TARTALO-/EGZÉ. 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993ELSZC 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999

A RENDSZER .IALA.LÁSA999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999ELZ-ÉNE.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999A -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBOR .IROBBANÁSÁNA. FSZ.SÉGLETE99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992A -ÁSODI. VILAGHABOR SZERELINE. .IVÁLASZTÁSA99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999933A -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBOR .IROVO.ÁLÁSA99999999999999999999993A SZOV/ETNIC -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBORS/AVADAL-AZÁSA9999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999@1A GAR-ATO. /RA7ELOSZTÁSA, -INT A -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBOR 7 JÉL/A99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999992SZABAD.-KVES SZTÁLIN SZABADRABLÁSA99999999999999999999A VÖRÖS BIRODALO- NAG GARATC/ÁNA. VÁRATLAN HALÁLA 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999115A SZOV/ET BIRODALO- VEZETÉSÉNE. .ÉNSZERK





I9 SZ9 7GGELÉ.999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999935ROOSEVELT HÁBORS HONORÁRI-A99999999999999999999999999999935II9 SZ9 7GGELÉ. 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993@1A -AGARORSZÁGI VÁLASZTÁSI JSALÁS

VILÁGRASZCLC 999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993@17ELHASZNÁLT IRODALO- 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999993@ NÉV?, HEL? ÉS TÁRG-TATC 99999999999999999999999999999999999999999999932ELSZCA 9 $%á%ad ne< $%P*'*d*(( na); Q&P &i'á)8"'i(iai e$e?<+n;e!en9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r <e''e(( a% e'$ &i'á)á!"ra'i) &"'( (*!! a +$ *%+8"r á!"r$dijáná', i$%en a 'e)>"n("?

$a!! >e);&er%e( a );a'")$á)i 8=$a &"'(9 A <+) e%de('e)e$ne <"nda(: 8ánU+'"%"(( jár<P&e, a r*&id a(:(á&"'$á) á); a<a)= "rá!an $e< &"'(a ('$á)"$an <"dernene ne&e%e( are86')+8e U$=8án <=(a(:!an &"'(a 'á(a(:, i)en U$e+'; >e'?a$%ná'á$i (er6'e((e'9 -inde%e e''en+re a(a'<a$ á'd"%a("( +$$%en&ed+$( ""%(a E=r:8a n+8eine9A &e$%(e$ á''a<" (er6'e(ei e''en e'*&e(e(( !andi(i%<=$9a<e'; e);e$ á''a<" (er6'e(ei( <in(a $ajá(j= 'e(( &"'na ,

$%a!(á $%+( +$ +n;6?ed&6 $%erin( "$%(")a((á arra +rde<(e?'en, <+) á''a<i '+(6e( $e< "n$%"'idá'( n+8ene9 -+)"%%áár='á$= arán;á!an9 J$"da?e, "); e% a% +)!eiá'(: i)a%$á)(a'an?$á), a<e';r' <+) a );%(e$ %$"n)'r* i$ e'i$<er(+ <+'(án;(a?'an$á)á(, a'a'<a$ 8$%iU:%i$( (ere<(e(( e); j na); á!"r i? 8r"&"á'á$á"%9Ha(ár"%"((an +$ e);+r(e'<Pen i e'' je'en(en6n# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r( ne< a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r!an &e$%(e$ N+<e("r$%á),A=$%(ria +$ -a);ar"r$%á) Q&án(á, !ár !$+)e$ "= 'e(( &"'nará9 "n("$an a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r );%(e$ei An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r?$%á) &"'( +rdee'(, <i=(án a i('eri N+<e("r$%á) $%i8"';"%á$a a<e';e( j:&á(+(e'ne ne&e%(e Hi('er a(a'"<ra j=(á$á&a' &+)e(+r(9 Ne< &"'(a +8e$e e'&i$e'ni enne a na);"n *nn;P !e&+?(e'i >"rrá$na a% e'&e$%(+$+(9 ); )"nd"'(á, e); j á!"r&a'<+) na);"!! j*&(+(e're *(e'e%e(i <ajd N+<e("r$%á)"(9 A



n+<e(e =);an e'&e$%Q(e((+ a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r(, a%"n!an ar*&id'á(: an)"' +$ >ranUia 8"'i(i=$" na);re<+n;P &ára"%á$ane< (e'je$6'(9 Ne< $" *r*<6 (e'( a% á'(a'= (P%!' ia8ar()e$%(en;e e'>");a$%(á$á!an9 .6'*n*$en An)'ia >i%e(e(( drá)a ára(

r*&id'á(á$á+r(9 Bár J=rUi'' +e$$%:':an an)"%(a((a, "); ne<Q&án e'n**'ni a% an)"' !ir"da'"< >e'$%á<"'á$á!an, a &a':$á)? !an <+)i$ e%( (e((e9 S+r(d*((en, de $%a!ad<P&e$ >e);e'e<<e'e''e(( &+)i)n+%nie, a<in( Fna); $%*&e($+)e$e, a% E);e$6'( Á'?5'a<" a S%"&je(=ni: $e)Q($+)+&e' a ide)á!"r$ $%+'á<"$$á)<inden e$%*%+( !e&e(&e e);en+n( $%a!adQ(ja <e) );ar<a(ai)a%da$á)i e'n;ei('9

A );ar<a(" jra>e'"$%(á$á&a', <in( An)'ia, <in( 7ranUia"r?$%á) n"a a á!"r( <e)n;er(+ a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 'e)?na);"!! &e$%(e$ei&+ &á'(a9 E!!en a 6'*n*$ 8"'i(iai 8i':(ajá?(+!an na); $%*&e($+)e$6 R""$e&e'( a'a8"$an rá$%ed(e e(9 -i?re a% a$%(a'(:' >e'á''(a, a%"n &e((+ +$%re <a)=a(, "); 'e)>+'?(e((e!! inU$eie( &e$%Q(e((+ e'9A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 'e)na);"!! );%(e$+&+ a% a<eriai$%a!ad<P&e$ 8+n%6);i !anára(a'"< &á'(9 -+) a (*!! <in(

20 <i''i: e<!er+( >e'á'd"%: S%"&je(=ni: i$ enne a +$!! 'á(a?(a('anná &á'( a(a'"<na a e%+!' &e((e á( a%( a á!"r$ "$%(a'+?"(, a<e';e( -a);ar"r$%á), Len);e'"r$%á), R"<ánia, B=')ária,J$e$%'"&áia, N+<e("r$%á) e'e(i >e'+ne );ar<a(i i$%i8"';"?%á$ána >+'$%á%ad"$ 'ee($+)e je'en(e((9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a%"n!an a );%e'e< );6<*'U$e+n(ia'aQ("((a a% Fj )a%da$á)i &i'á)rendj+(9 A <á$"di &i'á)á? !"r( <e)e'%en (*!!, <in( e); +&$%á%ad"n á( An)'ia &"'( a &i?'á)ere$ede'e< *%8"n(ja +$ a$%"n+'&e%je, a &i'á)=ra'"<<e)a(ár"%: (+n;e%je9 E%( a 8ri&i'+)i=<á( &e$%Q(e((e e' a <á$"?di &i'á)á!"r&a'9 7e'e'$$+))e' <"nda(j=# (*!!e( &e$%Q(e((,<in( N+<e("r$%á)9A S%"&je(=ni: <e)a8(a a á!"r >ej+!en e're ia'=d"((.e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a<" $%=&ereni(á$á(9 Hi$% A<eria *nn;enad(a a%(, ai%e(e((e



&"'na i a (*!!, <in( 20 <i''i: $%"&je( a'"((a( á'd"%: S%(á'in(9 A%"r"$% di(á("r *r6'( a Fne<e$ "%ad+na9 A <a)a )"nd"'"?dá$<:djá&a' ); &+'(e, enn+' (*!!e( ne< i$ a8a("(( &"'na9 A !i?r"da'"< <+re(e $"a ne< 'á("(( na);$á)ra n((9 ); )"nd"'(a

e); ja!! &i'á)rQ%i$ e$e(+n e%e a% á'(a'a F6(*% á''a<"nane&e%e(( "r$%á)" e'"<<=ni%á'&a <ár a S%"&je(=ni: r+$%ei&+&á'na <ajd9 -+)8edi) );, "); <a)= >")já +rni, <in(a"); erre a Ba'(i?á''a<"a( i$ rá+n;$%erQ(e((e9 A%"n!an S%(á'in$%á<Q(á$ai!a $';"$ i!a U$$%"((9 I)a%, a di(á("r <ár ne< +r?e((e <e), de e%( a $%Q&+ne "'; ed&e$ F"%ad+"( &i$$%a e''e((adnia9 S( <+) a !ir"da'"< <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'((i :dQ(á$ai?r:' i$ 'e e''e(( <"ndania9

@A S%"&je(=ni:ra +$ );ar<a(aira a(a'<a$ á'd"%a(" áránrá+n;$%erQ(e(( á''a<a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)i Q$+r'e( ne< (=d"(( '+? 8+$( (ar(ani a <a)ána8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á) (e'je$Q(+8e$$+)+&e'9-+) a <a)=a( a<i$an a !"'$e&i$(a S%"&je(=ni: e''en$+)+ne &a'': )a%da) á''a<" >"';a<a("$ an;a)i (á<")a(á$a i$ &e$%end? !e <en(9 A "<<=ni$(a )a%da$á) a j:' an)%: ide"':)iájá&a'e);6(( a 9 $%á%ad &+)+re, a'i) (*!!, <in( e(&en +& <'(án U$?

>"$an <e)!="((9 Han)$';"%ni e'' a%"n!an, U$a a $%"Uia'i$(á?na ne&e%e(( )a%da$á)i &er(i=< !="(( <e)9 A a(a'"< =);ani$a .GB, de 'ee(, "); a JIA irán;Q(á$á&a' ("&á!!ra i$ a !"'$e?&i$(a n"<en'a(ra e%+!en <arad(9 J$=8án ann;i &á'("%á$ (*r?(+n(, "); a% addi) i$ $ajá(j=+n( a$%ná'( ne<%e(i &a);"n je?'en($ r+$%e <"$( (='ajd"nj")i'a) i$ a% *&+ 'e((9 A a(a'<a( 8edi)i<<ár ne< a% e);8ár(rend$%er &á'a$%(á$i "<+diája r+&+n, ane<de<"ra(i=$na ne&e%e(( (*!!8ár(rend$%er+ F$%a!ad &á'a$%(á?$" ered<+n;e+n( );a"r"'ja9 E%((a' <ár a% $e< i)a%, a<i( ar+)i >"rrada'<a =(án ia'a='( a(a'<ar:' á''Q("((a, <i$%erin(#FA "U$i +$ a '"&a =);ani a%", U$a <á$" 6'ne raj(a9 A rend?$%er&á'(á$na ne&e%e(( 8"'i(iai a((raUi: e$e(+!en =);ana%" 6'?ne a "U$in, U$=8án a "U$i U+)(á!'ájá( U$er+'(+ 'e9E%e =(án "a' +rde%e(i !ári, a"r á( <i+r(i$ &"'( $%6?$+) a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" ne< (+&ed+$M <ái) 'e)P$+)e$e!!



$%*&e($+)e$+ne >e'dara!"'á$ára +$ .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a(aina jra>e'"$%(á$ára, á(rende%+$+re, a P!+rr U$er+j+reW Erre i);e?$%i &á'a$%( adni e% a *n;&9Baja, 20049 jni=$

A $%er%A RENDSZER .IALA.LÁSAELZ-ÉNE. A &i'á)e);e(e<, a 'e)8arán;i!! r+$%eU$+(' a !"';):rend?$%erei) á''and: <"%)á$!an, á''and: &á'("%á$!an &an9 E'(+r+$U$a a &á'("%á$" >"r<ájá!an i$ id(ar(a'<á!an >"rd=' e'9 Ne<i&+(e'e e% a':' a% e<!eri (ár$ada'<a, a(a'<a, $( a &i'á)a?

(a'<a $e<9 .ia'a='na, á(a'a='na, <e)$e<<i$6'ne, jra (e?re<(dne9 Na);"n $" 8+'dá( $%"')á'(a( erre a% i$<er( (*r(+ne?'e<9 E'+), a U$a a (*!! e%er+&e$ Qnai, &a); a% e);i8(""r<áUi: +rdee$ <:d"n n"a +88en a r+?)ie% +8e$( ia'a='( &á'("%á$" Q&(á +'e(re a &á'("%a('an$á)"n%er&á'á$a, a &á'("%á$" irán(i +r%+e('en$+)e >"';(án =''"((a $%+(9 E%e a !ir"da'<a a 'e)(*!! e$e(!en ne< a <a)= <+re(P +$

>i%iai erejP a(a'<aa' &a': 6%de'<e!en <aradna a'='9 S"?a' iná!! e); ener)i=$ i$e!!$+), ne<e);$%er n+án; (=Ua(<indenre e'$%án( +(e$ e)%i$%(enUiáj, <+) +(e$e!! er*'U$Pá<">=(: á'(a' >e'a&ar( %Pr%a&ar (e<e(i e( <a)a a'á9A (i%enn;"'Uadi $%á%ad!an a% addi) je'en(+(e'enne <"nd?a(: $%er&e%e(, a $%a!ad<P&e$$+) (P%(e %á$%'ajára e); j ne<?%e(*%i <+re(P, a );a"r'a(!an +'e(+8(e'en )a%da$á)i<eUani%áUi:, a% );ne&e%e(( á''a<a8i(a'i$(a rend$%er '+(re"%á?$á(9 V"n%:&á (+(e'e U+'já!:' $%"Uia'i%<=$, <ajd &+)$ i>ej'e(+!en"<<=ni%<=$ n+&re ere$%(e'&e9 A <e)&a':$Q(á$ e'$ Q$+r'e(+re7ranUia"r$%á)"( $%e<e'(+ i9 A 8r:!á'"%á$ a% 152?e$ 8ári$iJ"<<=na n+&en &"n='( !e a% e=r:8ai (*r(+ne'e<!e9 -e)je'en+$ea n+8á<Q(á$ i$"'a8+'dája &"'(9 A >+'re&e%e(e(( (*<e) a >")';" i$%a!adQ(á$ára <e)r"a<"%(a, <ajd 'er"<!"'(a a Ba$(i''e?(, VI9Laj"$ %$arn"$á)ána je'+8+(9 .ider6'( a%"n!an, "); a Qred(



&ár!*r(*n <+';+n U$=8án e);e('en >")"'; ra!"$"d"((, ai a% ad?di)i Fe''á(á$á&a' na);"n i$ e'+)ede(( &"'(, $ +8(e'en &"'( <i(e%deni a% *'+!e =''"(( $%a!ad$á))a'910

A >"rrada'"rrada'<iF7ej'd+$ irán;á(, e% na8jaini) (ar(9 Na8:'e"n, a >ia(a' >ranUia a("na(i$%( ie(e('en a("nai, <ajd 8"'i(iai rá(er<e(($+)e, ne< 6'*n!en $%erenU$+je >""%a("$an>e'$%á<"'(a a >"rrada'"< *&e(e%<+n;ei( an+'6', "); &i$$%a?

á''Q("((a &"'na a B"=r!"n" a(a'<á(9 Ee';e(( iná!! $ajá( <"?narUi=$ =ra'<á( "%(a '+(re9A >ranUia e$e<+n;e a'a='á$a <ia(( a &i'á)?$%a!ad<P?&e$$+) ne< ad(a >e' U+'jaina <e)&a':$Q(á$á(9 %e'<eine n;"<a<e)(a'á'a(: E=r:8a (*!! "r$%á)á!an XO'a$%"r$%á), N+<e("r?$%á), A=$%(riaY9 Ne< Q<+'i a% a<eriai >+'(e+( $e<9 La(in?A<eria (*!! "r$%á)á!an (a'á'"%a(na á'dá$"$na +88en ne<ne&e%e( (e&+en;$+)+&e'9 1@1?!en 8edi) i(*r a% a<eriai

8"')árá!"r, a<e'; 1@?i) (ar( +$ a% +$%aia );%e'<+&e' +r &+)e(9 A &i'á)(*r(+ne'e< á((ein(+$e <indeni( <e));%e( arr:',"); a% 1529 =(áni $%á% +&!en a 8á"';" ne< &e$%(e)e((+ a%id(9 Na8:'e"n $%erenU$eU$i''a)ána 'e=''á$á&a' a Qre$ 6$(**$(U$a <': e8i%:dna (ein(e((+9 ); 7ranUia"r$%á)"( i$<+( i?(6n(e( >i);e'<6!e &"n(á9 1@519 <árUi=$ 1@?án $%er&e%+$6!eni$<+( >e);&ere$ >e'e'+$ (*r( i ári%$!an9 A a(a'"< a Ne<%e(r?$+) .*%8"n(i Bi%"(($á)a e%+!e er6'9 A >"rrada'&ár"$!an &á'a$%(á$"a( ren?de%ne, a<e';en i$<+( <e)&á'a$%(já a $%á% +& e'((i r"$$%e<'+PU"<<=na?(9 X*%$+)(anáU$"(Y E%%e' <e)e%ddi a 8ári$i ."<?<6n na8"$ =ra'<a9Ha <ár a $%a!ad<P&e$$+)e( ne&e%(6 <e) e na); &+rá'd"?%a((a' jár: á(a'a='á$ ir"!!an(:ja+n(, ne a);j= e<'Q(+$ n+'6',



"); a $%a!ad<P&e$$+)en !e'6' i je'*'e( <e) *%e'e!!?r', ai e%ee( a &+re$ e$e<+n;ee( <e)(er&e%i +$ i8r"&"á'? já9 Ta'án e'+) e%%e' a8U$"'a(!an arra =(a'n=n, "); a 8ári$i"<<6n 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$+!en "(( (a'á'j= <ai $%:a$%ná'a((a'

<=na6);i <ini$%(er+n( a -a);ar"r$%á)r:' $%ár<a%: 7rane'Le"?(, ai i(P %$id: Qr+!en á''9 Ha &i$$%a(ein(6n a% e'<'(e(($%á% +& (*r(+ne(+re 6'*n*$en E=r:8á!an <inden !++(?11'en$+), &a); n;Q'( 'á%adá$ &e%e(+$+!en "(( (a'á'j= 7rane' Le"r""n$á)á(9 -a <ár a ne<%e(e e''eni 'á%Q(á$, i$%(+riae'(+$, 8r"&"áUi:, =$%Q(á$, >e);&ere$, &a); ide"':)iai 6%e'<e, <inden?nee'(+(e'e%e(j69 S"a$e< >")=n Q(+'e(6n!en U$a':dni9A <á$"di >ranUia "<<6n i$ !a'=' &+)%di9 A &id+en á'?'"<á$"%: "r<án;U$a8a(" <áj=$ 21?+n !e(*rne ári%$!a +$ =(?Uai arU"!an e); +( a'a(( 'e&eri a% Fj ja"!in=$" 'á%adá$á(9I)a%, enne e''en+re a Fna); >ranUia >"rrada'<a( a% e)+$% &i'á?)"n a <ai na8i) 6nne8'i9 Bár<i( i$ )"nd"'j"n r:'a a <inden"ri>ranUia "r<án; a $%a!ad<P&e$ 8$%iU:%i$ a(á$a a':' ne<&"na(ja i <a)á(9 Iná!! <a)a i$ á''Q(ja, "); e% a >ranUia )a%?

da$á)"( (*nre(e& e$e<+n; a >ranUia (*r(+ne'e< 'e)>+n;e$e!!'a8jaira +rde<e$9 edi) +88en a >"rrada'"< ""%(a >ranUia );en?)e$+)e( ia$%ná'&a, "r$%á)=a( e); >ranUia <in(áj ide"':)iai 8=UU$(:' <e)&+dend (a'á'"%i 1@529 $%e8(e<!er+!en a% "r"$%,n+<e( +$ "$%(rá =ra'"d:, "); >ranUiae''ene$ +''e' a% 1@1?*$S%en( S%*&e($+)e% a$"n': $%er%d+$( *$$*n9A <á$"di >ranUia >ia$: =(án a 8á"';" >e'>"r)a(: (e&+?en;$+)6*% j >"r<á( +$ <á$ $%in((ere( ere$(e9 A *&e(e%+&(i%ede!en 6'*n*$en E=r:8á!an, de a (en)eren('"n i$ $"rraa'a='na <e) a $%"Uia'i$(a +$ a $%"Uiá'de<"ra(a 8ár("9 Ri(ai&+(e''e' ne&6!e a F<=ná$ $%:( i$ !e'ei''e$%(i9 N+<e("r$%á)1@5?!en e i(6n(e( >i);e'e< *%+88"n(já!a er6'9 A S%"Uiá'?de<"ra(a -=ná$8ár( +$ a% Á'(a'án"$ N+<e( -=ná$e);'e(e);e$6' +$ a )"(ai "n)re$$%=$"n N+<e("r$%á)i S%"Uia'i$(a-=ná$8ár( n+&en a'a=' <e)9 r")ra<já!an <ár >e'$ej'ene a



-ar +$ En)e'$ á'(a' <e)>")a'<a%"(( (an", !ár -ar +$ En)e'$i$ n+ranUia (e$(&+ree( $e< a);já (e'je$en <a)=ra9-ar $e)Q($+)+&e' 1@5?!en /='e$ G=e$de <e)a'aQ(ja a 7ranUia

-=ná$8ár("(9 r")ra<ja <ár (e'je$ e)+$%+!en <e)>e'e' -ari)+n;+ne, anná' i$ iná!!, <er( <a)a i$ r+$%( &e$% anna id"'?)"%á$á!an9A% anarUi$(a $%er&e%e(e ia'a='á$á&a' 8ár=%a<"$an a%=ra'"d: "$%(á';" +$ a (ár$ada'"< e''eni n;Q'( +$ 'á(en$ er$%a?" &a':$á)"$ 'ánU"'a(a j*n '+(re9121@53?!an $';"$ )a%da$á)i &á'$á) '+8 >e' a% E);e$6'( Á''a?

<"!an9 1@54?!en $%er&e%e(( !aje&er 'e(*r+$+re a("nai "r?<án;%á$( +n;$%er6'ne !e&e%e(ni9 1@5?!en $8an;"'e''ene$ >e'?e'+$ r"!!an i .=!á!an9 1@@0?!an (*!! $%á%e%er r+$%(&e&&e' 8ara$%(>e'e'+$ (*r i /a8án!an9 1@@1?!en <e));i'"'já II9 Sán?d"r "r"$% Uár(9 A')+riá!an 1@@3?!an >ranUiae''ene$ >e'e'+$( >"j(a?na e'9 'ean"& 1@@3?!an Gen>!en '+(re"%%a a% e'$ <ari$(aU$a8a("( a -=na 7e'$%a!adQ(á$a J$"8"r( n+&en9 -+) &+)i))"n?d"'ni i$ $%*rn;P, "); e% a $%: $%erin( <ar"n;i U$a8a( 'e$% a +?

$!!i $%"&je( na);a(a'"< "&á$%a9 1@@5?!en 7ranUia"r$%á)!anja!! er('en Q$+r'e( a a(a'"< <e)$%er%+$+re9 B"n'an)er (á!"r?n" <"narUi$(a 8=UU$Q$+r'e((e' 8r:!á'"%i, a<e'; a%"n!an*$$%e"<'i9 A (á!"rn" e'<ene6' a% "r$%á)!:', <ajd *n);i'"$'e$% X&a); <e));i'"'jáY9 1@@@?!an 8ara$%(>e'e'+$ R"<ániá!an9);ane!!en a% +&!en >e'e'+$ (*r i N+<e( .e'e(?A>riá!an91@@?!en R=d"'> "$%(rá (r:n*r**$ 'e$% *n);i'"$9 A $"r( "$%?$%an 'ee(ne >"';(a(ni9Erre a% id$%ara e$i a 'a(in?a<eriai, á%$iai +$ a>riai (er6?'e(e <e):dQ(á$a, );ar<a("$Q(á$a9 E (*r%$i (ár$ada'<a!an +' !++$ n+8e +r(e('en6' $%e<'+'(+, "); +'e((er6e( +$ $ajá( <a?)=a( i$, aárU$a a% i)a&"n: á''a("( e%e a% j j*&e&+n;e e);?<á$ *%*(( adjá +$ &e$%i9 A (i%eni'enUedi $%á%ad &+)+re +$ a=$%adi $%á%ad e'$ +&(i%ede &+)+re a );ar<a(" >e'"$%(á$a<e)(*r(+ni9 -e)e%dd*(( á$&án;i inU$ei, a >*'d (er<+$+ne



ira!'á$a9A "ra!e'i $%á''Q(á$i 'ee($+)e, a );ar<a((ar(: (eUniai$%Qn&"na'a a%"n!an ne< (e((e 'ee(&+ a na);arán; (*<e)(er?<e'+$ <e)$%er&e%+$+(9 A% an)"', >ranUia, $8an;"', !e')a, "''and,

8"r(=)á' );ar<a((ar(: a%"n!an a%ai >e'd"')"%:i8ar= r+$%+reQ); i$ !i%("$Q(ani (=d(á n;er$an;a)+r ener)ia$%6$+)'e(+(9A% e8"r(ra &a': (er<e'+$ e!!en a% id!en <+) ne< !ri( a?"ra je'en($+))e', <in( a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r!an, <ajd 8edi) a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án9A n+<e( á''a<" in(e)rá'á$a a% er$e%P Bi$<arU anUe''ár 8"'i(iájána *$%*ne(en =);anU$a erre a% idre e$e((9 E% a%?%a' a á(ránn;a' jár( a +$!!i e);$+)e$ N+<e("r$%á) $%á<ára,

"); a );ar<a(" e'"$%(á$áná' á((+r!e $%"r='(9 A'i) j=("(( $%á<á?ra n+án; ar<adran) (er6'e(9 E); r+$%+( 8edi) 8+n%+r( &á$ár"'?13(a9 N+<e("r$%á) n;er$an;a)!an ne< $%en&ede(( ián;(, i$%en a%(a%ája (er6'e(+n (*!!$+)+!en <e)(a'á'(a9 E''en!en ener)ia"rd"?%:!an +$ +'e'<i$%ere!en "<"'; !e"%a(a'ra $%"r='(9A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á) e);á'(a'án ne< rende'e%e(( );ar?<a("a'9 A=$%(ria (er6'e(+n n;er$an;a)>"rrá$" =);anU$a

<e)(a'á'a(:9 Ener)ia"rd"%: *%6' N+<e("r$%á)"% a$"n':?an U$a a *'($+)e$ i(er<e'+$P $%+n á''( rende'e%+$re, <Q) a);ar<a((ar(: a(a'<a $%in(e "r'á('an=' rende'e%(e a );ar<a?(""n "'U$:n i(er<e'( +$ a%a$%á''Q("(( n;er$"'ajja'9 É'e'<i$%erre'-a);ar"r$%á) ne< U$a A=$%(riá(, de je'en(:$ <+r(+!en N+<e(?"r$%á)"( i$ e''á((a9 -indene$e(re a (e'je$ n+<e( n;e'&(er6'e(e( +$-a);ar"r$%á)"( i$ e''á((a9 A (e'je$ n+<e( n;e'&(er6'e(en +$ -a?);ar"r$%á)"n rendQ&6' j:' $%er&e%e(( +$ <P*d )a%da$á) a'a='(i9 A $%"r)a'<a$ +$ >e);e'<e%e(( 'a"$$á) "';an a "rna <e)?>e'e' j:'+(i +$ dina<i=$an >ej'd á''a<a'a='a("a( "%"(('+(re, a<e'; >e'e'(e((e a 'e)>ej'e((e!! );ar<a((ar(: na);a(a'<a#An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) iri);$+)+(9 A<in( N+<e("r$%á) &i'á)?$%Qn&"na' (er<+ei <e)je'en(e a% an)"' 8iaU e''á(á$i (er6'e(ein,e% a% iri);$+) r"$$%ind='a( d6+ &á'("%"((9 E% a%(án á((erjed(7ranUia"r$%á)ra i$, !ár ne< ann;ira 8iaUaia( >+'(e((+, $"a'



iná!! a'a'<a( 'á((a a% 1@50?e$ 8"r"$%?>ranUia á!"r &e$%(e?$+)e+n( a !+e$%er%d+$$e' "r"$%"r$%á)na á(adni +n;$%er6'(E'%á$% L"(arin)ia &i$$%a$%er%+$+re9 N+<e("r$%á))a' +$ A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á))a' $%e<!eni !+?

+$ )a%da$á)i &er$en;(' An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) e);6((e$en i$>+'(, anna e''en+re, "); )a%da$á)i >e'(+(e'ei *$$%ea$"n'Q(a?(a('an=' ed&e%!!e &"'(a9 E'+8%e'+$ei!en U$a "n=ren$ei )a%da$á)i erej+ne á!"r&a' &a': <e)(*r+$e *'(*(( (e$(e(9 Ön<a?)=a( a%"n!an e); á!"r$ <e)<+r%+$re $e< +re%(+ e'+)er$ne9 An)'iána =);an er$e!! >'"((ája &an, <in( N+<e("r?$%á)na9 E% a%"n!an e); N+<e("r$%á) e''eni in&á%i: );%(e$&+)reaj(á$á"% *n<a)á!an ne< e'e)end9 S%ára%>*'di ad<P?

&e'e(ee% a% an)"' ader "rá!!an $e< <=(a("(( >e' na); );?%e'<ee(, a<in( 'á(ni >")j= a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r idej+n a n+?<e( U$a8a(" >ranUia"r$%á)i <e)je'en+$e"r D=ner[=e?n+' a?n;a((?"<'" <ene6'ne a%a97ranUia"r$%á)"( a% =(:!!i $%á%$% +&!en +( >"rrada'"< (+? 8á%(a, a<e';e( i)a%án ie&erni a%:(a $e< (=d"((9 E%( <+) a%141@50?e$ 8"r"$%?>ranUia á!"r e'&e$%(+$e (e(+%e((9 O'a$%"r$%á)

ne<r+) e);$+)e$6'(, 6'*n!en i$ nee%en e%e'e(9 A <"narUiane<%e(i$+)+ne an;a"r$%á)ai( a(a'<a$ (er6'e(i Q)+re(ee' (i("? !an <a)a <e''+ á''Q("((a =);an, de e); na); á!"r( i%ár:'a)ráj= a'a8"%ni a%+r( >e'e'('en$+)9E!!en a% id!en An)'iá!an <P*di a 'e)(*!! +$ 'e)er$e!!$%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';, a<e';ne 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$e $%"r"$a8U$"'a(!an á'' a 8ári$i Grand Orien$ Na);8á"'';a'9 De L"n?d"n!an <P*di a Ji"ni$(a Vi'á)$%*&e($+) i$9Lá(já, <in( a% an)"', <in( a >ranUia "r<án; $';"$ di'e<?<ájá(9 Tá'Uán Qná'já a <e)"'dá$(, a !+rá!"rra <indi) +$%Or"$%"r$%á) $%*&e($+)+(9 An)'ia anná' i$ *nn;e!!en +re(i e'U+'já(, <i&e' II9 -i':$ "r"$% Uár >e'e$+)e r+&+n r""n$á)!an á''a% an)"' =ra'"d:á%%a'9 -inde%en (' a% an)"' irá';i á% (a)jai*%*(( i$ (a'á'=n $%a!ad<P&e$(, Q); a% =ra'"d: i$, a <ini$%?(ere'n* i$ e'$ +%!' a8ja a% F+'e(re&a': *('e(e(9



A% a (+n;, "); 1@4?!en Or"$%"r$%á) n+); +$ >+'<i''i:"$%(rá e%6$(+r( 'e&er(e a% a%:(a A=$%(riá&a' *%*$ =ni:ra '+8e((-a);ar"r$%á) $%a!ad$á)arUá(, a% "r"$% )"nd"'"dá$!an $e<<i?>+'e )á('á$( ne< je'en(9 Or"$%"r$%á) <e)n;er+$e (eá( ne< &"'(

ne+% e); A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á) +$ N+<e("r$%á) e''eni á!"r?"%9A i>in"<='( an)"'?>ranUia di8'"<áUia (e'je$ <+r(+!en $%a?Q("(( a a);"<án;"$ n;Q'( $i$aa' &a': arU<"d"rra'9 A "rá!!i);a"r'a((:' e'(+ren ne< Q&án( e%de<+n;e%+n( >e''+8ni a$%á<ára n+'6'*%e(e('en á!"r <e)&Q&á$á"%9 A <ajdani F!+?e*(+$e% $"a' U+'$%erP!!ne 'á((a, a 'e$% a F<e)(á<a?d"((9 E!!en a% e$e(!en a 'e)+8(e'ene!! *&e(e'<+n;e i$ Fi)a%?

$á)"$na de'ará'a(: a 'e);%*((e árára9 -inden+88en$%6$+)e$ (eá(, "); a i$%e<e'( e''en>+' indQ($a <e) a á!"r(9 Ne< &"'( ne+% i$%á<Q(ani, "); e); an)"'\>ranUia\"r"$%$%*&e($+))e' $%e<!en, a<e';ee( e''en>e'ei $%"<$%+djai i$ (á<"?)a(na, A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á) +$ N+<e("r$%á) <+) T*r*"r?$%á))a' i$ <e)(á<")a(&a, +8(e'en 'e$% <e)n;erni a á!"r(9O';an e';%e(e( e'' (eá( (ere<(eni, "); a% e''en>+' +8(e?'en 'e);en i(+rni a á!"r e'indQ(á$á(:'9 A% "r"$%" e%( a% e'en?

)ede(e('en >e'(+(e'( i$ <e)"'djá9 Ee% $%'á& (e$(&+rn+8ein;j(já a <e)>e'e' a'a8"(9 I)a% =);an, "); E=r:8a je'en($ r+?1$%+n <e)(a'á'a(: a n+<e( r""n$á), de a $%'á&" $e< ián;"%?na, "); ); <"ndja< $e"nnan9 A $%a!ad<P&e$$+) &i$%"n('e)>!! <P&e'i&e' a );+ren i$ de e!!en a% id!en <ár a%e)+$% &i'á)"( !eá':%%á9 Sajn"$ e%e a (i("$ $%er&e%e(e <e)?(a'á'a(: &"'(a A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á) +$ N+<e("r$%á) &e%e(?*rei!en i$9 E%e a <a)=a( a'ad: )"nd"'"dá$na &a'': e<!e?re *%(6 ne< e); >r i$ ne< &"'(a +8e$e >e'i$<erni, ");á!"r$ >i'"%:>iáj=a' ne<%e(6 e''en$+)+&+ &á'(a, i$%en a$%a!adna +$ >6))e('enne i(( 8á"';ai, &a); a% an)"' na);8á?"';, &a); a 8ári$i Grand Orien$ Na);8á"'; irán;Q(á$á&a' +$ an?na a'árende'($+)+!en <P*dne9A% O$%(rá -a);ar -"narUia S%er!ia e''eni a("nai >e''+8+?



$+ne i8r"&"á'á$á( Or"$%"r$%á) $%a!ad<P&e$ $%er&e%e(ei $e?)Q($+)+&e' "'d"((a <e)9 Or"$%"r$%á) <ár a% 1039 n;arán *%re?<P*d*(( a $%er! irá';);i'"$$á)!an i$9 T='ajd"n+88en <ár e%a );i'"$$á) i$ A=$%(ria e''ene$ (e&+en;$+) r+$%e &"'(9 A <e)?

);i'"'( O!ren"&iU$ Sánd"r a%ája +rde+!en e);6((<P*d*((A=$%(riá&a'9 A a'á'a =(án (r:nra $e)Q(e((# .ara);"r);e&iU$Or"$%"r$%á) >e'+ "rien(á':d"((9 Or"$%"r$%á) Q); "<"'; $e)Q($+?)e( a8"(( e); +$!!i &i'á)>e'"$%(á$ e$e(+re a% e=r:8ai $%'á& (e?r6'e(e <e)$%er%+$+e%9A $%'á& a'a( a'a8(er<+$%e(e a (i("':%á$9 .6'*n!*% U+'" <e)&a':$Q(á$á( e' $e< (=dja +8%e'ni (i("$ $%er&e%e(e n+'6'9 A(i("%a("$ *rn;e%e( <e'e)á);a a $%a!ad<P&e$ $%er&e%ed+$?

ne9 Ti("$ $%er&e%e(e!' aad( !&en Or"$%"r$%á)!an i$, S%er? !iá!an i$9 T*r&+n;$%erP, "); e%e a8U$"'a("( (a'á'(a e);<á$?$a' E);i i';en (i("$ $%er&e%e( &"'( a $%er! ad$ere)en !e'6' aDra)=(in Di<i(rije&iU$ >edne&+n Á8i$ e%rede$ &e%e((e 7ee(e.+% U$"8"r(, a<e'; a 'e)&e$%ede'<e$e!!e *%+ (ar("%"((9 -ár a%103?a$ $%er! irá';);i'"$$á)!an <e)(a'á'j= e(9 Va':$%QnP a7ee(e .+% <a)a i$ e); $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"'; 'ee(e((, i$%en a7erenU% 7erdinánd (r:n*r**$ e''eni <er+n;'e( >e'derQ(+$e a8?

U$án a <er+n;'e(!en *%re<P*dr' i&+(e' n+'6' !e!i%"n;"?$"d"((, "); $%a!ad<P&e$e9Bár A=$%(ria, &a); aár -a);ar"r$%á) (er6'e(+n i$ aad( !?&en ad);a"r'a(ra a'a'<a$ e);e$?&*');e$ &id+, 7erenU% 7er?dinánd (r:n*r**$ a% 1149 +&i n;ári ad);a"r'a( U+'jára <+)i$ aS%er!ia $%"<$%+d$á)á!an '+& B"$%niá( je'*'(e i9 B"$%nia 10?1e$ "$%(rá anne(á'á$á( *&e(en <in( B"$%nia, <in( S%er!ia "$%(?ráe''ene$$+)e a "rá!!i"% +8e$( a'a8"$an <e)n((9A ad);a"r'a( e'+$%6'e(ei $"rán a U$á$%ári rendr$+) (i(?"$ in>"r<á("rai $e)Q($+)+&e' +r(e$6'+$( $%er%e(( a <er+n;'e( $%er?&e%+$+r'9 /e'en(e((+ i$ <ind a U$á$%árna, <ind a (r:n*r**$?ne, "); +$%6'!en &an &a'a<i9 7erenU% 7erdinánd <aaU$$á)aa%"n!an er$e!!ne !i%"n;='( a ad);a"r'a( $%Qne';+( <e)?&á'("%(a(ni ja&a$': +r&ein+'9 .*&e(e%<+n;e+88en a $"r$ +$ a%





Ja$a!'anUá!an J=rUi''e' <e)(ar("(( "n>erenUiáján (e(( !eje?'en(+$e a >e'(+(e' n+'6'i a8i(='áUi:r:'9R""$e&e'( >e'(+(e' n+'6'i <e)adá$ (a'á'<án;a a% e'$ &i'á)?á!"r &Q&á$a $"rán <+) ne< er6'( <e)>")a'<a%á$ra9 Enne

&a':$%QnP "a, "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" na);"n :&a"d"(( a á? !"r!a &a': !e'+8+$('9 S"a' iná!! arra já($%"((, "); a á!"r&+)+n, a<i"r a "Uá%a( <ár e)+$%en <ini<á'i$, !+e!Qr:+n('+8jen >e' a &+)e');en)6'+$re j=("(( arU"': >e'e *%*((9 E U+' +r?de+!en '+8e(( >e' $%a!ad<P&e$ e'n*e i'$"n a% );ne&e%e((14 8"n("$ !+eja&a$'a(á&a'9 A <+'(án;"$na (Pn >e'(+(e'e N+?<e("r$%á)"( <e)(+&e$%(i +$ >e'adja a á!"r >"';(a(á$á(9 A <+'?(án;"$ !+e>e'(+(e'ee( a á!"r &a':di );%(e$ei An)'ia +$ 7ran?

Uia"r$%á) >i);e'<en Q&6' a);ja9 N+<e("r$%á) na); (er6'e(?&e$%(e$+))e' +$ a(a'<a$ j:&á(+(e'i *(e'e%e(($+))e' +n;(e'en !+?e$%er%d+$( *(ni9 A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á) a$"n':+88en $';"$>e'(+(e'ee( a89Anna e''en+re, "); a S%er!ia e''en indQ(and: á!"r 'e)na?);"!! +$ 'e)a(ár"%"((a!! e''en%je +88en Ti$%a I$(&án <a);ar <ini$%(ere'n* &"'(, -a);ar"r$%á) a8(a a 'e)$';"$a!! !+e>e'?(+(e'ee(9 Enne "á( ne< -a);ar"r$%á) e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ $%e?

re8'+$+!en e'' ere$n6n9 Hi$%en a% O$%(rá?-a);ar Á''a<$%*?&e($+) );en)+!! (a)ja+n( Ti$%a I$(&án (i'(a"%á$án Q&6' ne<&"'( 'ee($+)6n a!!:' i&á'n=n, &a);i$ aara(=n e''en+re+n;(e'ene &"'(=n a á!"r!:' rán ár=': >e'ada("na e'e)e((enni9 Érdee$ <:d"n a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r Fe'$%á<"'á$a"rA=$%(ria a$"n': e';%e(+( a );%(e$e <+'(án;"'(á9-a);ar"r$%á)"( a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r !+edi(á(=<á!an <in?den <á$ 'e);%*(( á''a<ná' e);e('ene!!6' !6n(e((+ <e)9 7áj?da'"<, de a%( e'' <"ndan"<, "); enne "ai a ajdan i&á':<a);ar a'a( (*r(+ne'")ad(a a%"a( a% ide)enee(, aie($ajá( ne<%e(e !ár<i';en "!:' e'6'd*%*((9 -i&e' e%e a $%e)+n;6'd*%*(( 8áriá <=náj=+r( j:&a' $%er+n;e!! e''á(á$$a' i$ !e+r?1@



(+, <in( <a);ar "n>i(ár$ai, <+) *r*<<e' i$ >")ad(a e(9 );(*r(+n(, "); a% =("'$: +&$%á%ad!an a% "r$%á) a(ár&id+ein e);re$%+'e$e!! $á&!an '+($%á<= <ajdne< e'+r(e, de e);e$ (er6'e(ein<e) i$ a'ad(a a <a);ar 'a"$$á) $%á<á(9 A% An(an(a(a'<ana

a8:ra j*(( e% a e';%e(9 -e$+$ (er6'e(i j=((a(á$"a' eU$e)(e((+ a <+) +88en "); á''a<<á "n$%"'idá'( R"<ániá( +$ S%er!iá( a%O$%(rá?-a);ar -"narUia e''eni á!"r e$e(+re9 A $ajá( +r(e'<i?$+)+( <+) i $e< (er<e' "'d=$$%e)+n; $%er!e +$ r"<án" &Q?%i:já!an e);$%er U$a >e'(Pn( a d$)a%da) Na);?S%er!ia +$ Na);?R"<ánia d+'i!á!ja9 J$"da?e, "); <+r(+ n+'6' "n("((á &+r6e(>e'!=j(:i +rde+!en9 An)'ia i$, 7ranUia"r$%á) i$ *nn;en Q)+r(+,<ajd ad(á "da a%(, ai%e(ni &a'aine a $%"')á'a(ai(9 .+rd+$] e' (=d?e $%á?<"'ni a $ajá( 'e'ii$<ere(+&e'W E%e a F<a)a$ er*'U$P a(a'<a $ajn"$ e'(=d(a9 -inde((en a ere$%(+n; er*'U$*( &a''"((á <a?)=+na, <+)i$ *nn;P$%erre' (e((+ (' <a)=a( .ri$%(=$ 'e)?a'a8&e(!! in(e'<+n# FNe (edd a%( <á$"a', a<i( <a)adna ne<$%ere(n+'9-a);ar"r$%á) +$ A=$%(ria (er6'e(+!' '+(re"%(a J$e$%'"?&áia n+&en e); (e'je$en j á''a<a'a='a("(9 J$e$%'"&áia <e)?

(ere<(+$e <indenn+' j"!!an !i%"n;Q(ja, "); ne< a ne<%e(i$+)e >e'$%a!adQ(á$a <"(i&á'(a a !+e!Qr: a(a'<aa(9 A% *(<i''i: U$e'a"$$á)"% i'enU<i''i: e);+! ne<%e(i$+)e( U$a("'(a9 .*%*((6 a 3, <i''i:$ S%=d+(a?&id+e( $%Qn n+<e( 'a"$$a'9 .*%e' e);<i'?'i: <a);ar( +$ (*!! <á$ i$e!!$+)e(, de =);anQ); <e)e<'Q(e(?n+n a $" ne<%e(i$+)!' reá'( /=)"$%'á&iá(, a<e'; a S%"&je(?=ni: 109 +&i á(a'a='á$á&a' r*&id ne<%e(i$+)i á!"r *&e(?e%(+!en "'d"(( +&e+n( =''"(( $%+(9J$e$%'"&áia '+(re"%á$a a 'e)>+n;e$e!!en rá&i'á)Q( a &i'á)?á!"r <e)(er&e%ire +$ 'e)>!! irán;Q(:ira a% an)"'+r >ranUia$%a!ad<P&e$$+)re9 -ár a <a)a "rá!an i$ *%(=d"(( &"'(, ");Bene$ +$ -a$ar; <a)a$ ran) $%a!ad<P&e$e +$ an)'iaie<i)ráUi:!an Fia'=d(á a <ajdani J$e$%'"&á á''a< <e)a'a?Q(á$á(9 I(( $%:!a $e< j*e(e(( a á!"r$ U$e'e<+n;e >ej+!enQ)+rend (er6'e(i );ara8"dá$, <in( S%er!ia +$ R"<ánia e$e(+!en9



Or"$%"r$%á), <in( a% An(an(?a(a'<a 'e));en)+!! 'ánU?$%e<e ne< &"'( +8e$ &+)i)arU"'ni a á!"r(9 115?!en i(*r( a>"rrada'"<9 RendQ&6' a"(i=$ á''a8"(" a'a='(a i9 7i);e'e<?1

re<+'(:, "); 1159 j'i=$ 30?án a >"rrada'"< a(á$ára <e)a'a?=': idei)'ene$ "r<án; &e%e(je a "rá!!i ad6);<ini$%(er, a%$id:?$%a!ad<P&e$ .eren$%ij 'e$%9 A% Or"$%"r$%á)"( $j(:+Qn$+) e''en+re, a<e'; <ár ne<U$a a );ári <=ná$$á) *r+en(erjed, ane< e'+r(e a ad$ere) je'en(:$ r+$%+( i$, .eren$%ij P<arad a% 1149 $%e8(e<!er ?+n a'áQr( '"nd"ni $%er%d+$e%9 -e)$e< >"rd=' a >ej+!en a á!"r!:' &a': i'+8+$, a á!"r >e'adá$a9S"a' iná!! a >"rrada'e'9 A n+<e( &e%+rar

$e)Q($+)+&e' a $&ájUi e<i)ráUi:!:' Or"$%"r$%á)!a U$e<8+$%e((Lenin 1159 j'i=$ 1@?án +n;(e'en 7inn"r$%á)!a <ene6'ni,a"nnan (i("!an U$a "(:!er 20?án (+r &i$$%a á(er&árra9 .*%? !en >"';i a <=ná$"$%(a)" >e'>e);&er%+$e9 O(:!er ?án e%?de(+( &e$%i a 8+(er&ári á'(a'án"$ >e'e'+$9 .eren$%ij <ene6'ni+n;$%er6'9 Lenin a >"rrada'"< );%e'<+( *&e(en a%"nna' in?(+%edi a á!"r !e>eje%+$+re, $ a '"nd"ni $%er%d+$ e''en+ree%de<+n;e%i a N+<e("r$%á))a' &a': 6'*n!+e <e)*(+$+(9 E%

i$$+ nee%e!!en <e);, <in( Lenin )"nd"'(a9 -+) *%&e('en<=na(ár$ai i$ e''en%i a !+e*(+$(9 Bár 1159 deUe<!er 3?ánBre$%( Li("&$%!an <e)e%ddne a !+e(ár);a'á$", de a%j"nnan <e)a'a='( V*r*$ Had$ere) e);$+)ei Tr"Uij, Leninad6);<ini$%(er+ne 8aranU$ára arU"'na a n+<e( U$a8a(" e'?'en9 Tr"Uij, Lenin =(a$Q(á$a e''en+re <e)(a)adja a n+<e(ee'*(end !+e$%er%d+$ a'áQrá$á(9 Lenin +n;(e'en á(a'aQ(ani a%);ne&e%e(( N+8!i%("$" TanáU$á(, a<e';ne *&e(e%(+!en11@9 <árUi=$ 3?án a'áQrjá a !+e$%er%d+$(9 Leninre +$ (ár$aira je''e<%, "); N+<e("r$%á) 11@9 n"&e<!er 11?i *$$%e"<'á$a=(án a Bre$%(?'i("&$%i !+e$%er%d+$( e);"'da'an $e<<i$$+n;i'&ánQ("((a9 -+) je''e<%!!, "); a F(*r&+n;(i$%(e' An(an(?a(a'<a e'>")ad&a a% e);"'da' $%er%d+$!"n(á$(, a% 119 jni?=$ 20?án N+<e("r$%á))a' Ver$ai''e$!en <e)*(*(( !+e$%er%?d+$!en i$ +r&+n;e$Q(e((+9 Va);i$ N+<e("r$%á)"( <e)>"$%("((á a



Bre$%(?'i("&$%i !+e$%er%d+$ <inden ed&e%<+n;+('9A'i)"); a >e);&ere e'a'')a((a, $%Qnre '+8 a <a)=a( aá!"r!:' i6);e$ed &e%e(+$+&e' a% addi) (i("!an e'+$%Q?(e(( ana<=na9 A á!"r!an &e$%(e$ á''a<" á("r$%á)ai!an

"';an e'+)ede('en$+)e( $%Q(ana, a<e';e >"rrada'"<<á &á'&a<e)in)a(já a% a<); i$ $';"$ e';%e(!e er6'( á''a<" in(+%?<+n;ei( +$ "r<án;%á$á(9 -a);ar"r$%á)"n i$<+( aad e); Fa?20'ad:)"nd"'"dá$ ari$%("ra(a )r:> .ár"';i -iá'; $%e<+';+? !en, ai a%"n"$='ni (=d a% "r$%á) r"<!a d*n(+$+ne U+'jai&a'9.ár"';i -iá'; e);en)e((e a >r"n(r:' a%a(+r, addi) (e'je$en i$?<ere('en "<<=ni$(a a)i(á("r" (já(9 V+)6' <a)a i$ 'e<"ndá$ra

+n;$%er6'9 A !=da8e$(i %Pr%a&ar *%e8e((e .=n B+'a +$ (ár$ai<ár a !*r(*n!en -a);ar"r$%á) <ini$%(ere'n*e, i''e(&e n+8!i%?("$"+n( "$%(já >e' <a)= *%*(( a ne<%e( >e'e((i a(a'<a(9Bár<i';en +r%e'<ee( $+r($en i$, <e) e'' <"ndj=, "); a -a?);ar TanáU$*%(ár$a$á)"( irán;Q(: $%a!ad<P&e$ U$a8a( a% e);Gar!ai Sánd"r i&+(e'+&e' i%ár:'a) %$id:!:' á''(9A%( i$%e< $eni ne< (ein(i e%( a &+'e('en <P&+ne9 A% ar+<=ra'"<, a<e'; a 133 na8"$ <P*d+$6e( Q$+r(e, <a <ár

*%i$<er(9 -a);ar"r$%á) (*r(+ne(+!en e'$ Q%!en >"rd='( e',"); a ne<%e( á'(a' a <á$" 6'd*%+$e e'' !e>")ad"(( i$e!!$+)e%e( e<e'jen a nei &+de'<e( +$ <e)+'e(+$( !i%("$Q(: a(a'"<ra9Sajn"$ ne< =("'jára9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án e%((a' <:ride?)en a(a'"< $%=r"n;ai á'(a' &+d&e, e%( <+) >e'6' i$ <'(a9 De er?r' <+) $%:'=n9E%e a 'á(a(a('an *%8"n(!:' irán;Q("(( er ne< U$a -a?);ar"r$%á)"( I);ee%(e i)áj=!a aj(ani9 Ne< &"'(a j"!! e';?%e(!en N+<e("r$%á) +$ A=$%(ria $e<9 -i&e' "(( a ne<%e( *$$%e?(ar(: ereje a <i+nn+' na);"!! &"'(, ne< (=d(a a%" n;aára 6'?ni9 N+<e("r$%á)!an a% =);anU$a %$id: .ar' Lie!neU(?( +$ R:?%a L=e<!=r)"( n+<e( a("na(i$%(e <e));i'"'já9 A=$%(ria i$i$e!! (ra=<á&a' +8e$ rrá 'enni a &*r*$ &e$%ede'<en9Bár a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r (e'je$ e)+$%+!en a $%a!ad<P&e$?$+) in$8irá'(a &á''a'"%á$ &"'(, Or"$%"r$%á) i<er6'+$+&e' $8"n?



(án ir"!!an( >"rrada'"< &e%e(+$e i$ >""%a("$an a $%a!ad<P?&e$$+) irán;Q(á$a a'á er6'9 -i=(án e% (e'je$ e)+$%+!en <e)(*r(+?ni, a% a<eriai %$id: !anár" <e)e%di a >"rrada'"< 8+n%?6);i (á<")a(á$á(9 J$a e%%e' (=dja a V*r*$ Had$ere) $"rra 'e&er?

ni a Lenin+ á'(a' in(er&enUi:$ (á<adá$na ne&e%e(( =$%"n+(,(*!!$+)+!en "r"$% e''en>"rrada'*'di &+r$%e)+n; e);$+) 'á($%:'a)"$ 8r:!á'?"%á$a a Uári%<=$ <e)<en(+$+re, de a $%a!ad<P&e$ !ea&a("?%á$ra e%e +$%re&+('en6' a%a(+r(e9 E%e a 6'>*'di Fin(er&enUi:?$" 6'*n!en $e< a !"'$e&i%<=$ e''eni arUra +re%(e, $"a'iná!! a% Or"$%"r$%á)!an <+) arU"': n+<e( U$a8a(" e''eni á?21

!"r%á$ U+'já!:'9 A a"(i=$ á''a8"(" j: idei) ne< (e((+ 'ee(?&+ a (i$%(án'á(á$(9 T=d"(( d"'"), "); a n+<e( <=ná$(*<e)e i$na); aj'a<"( <=(a((a a $%"Uia'i$(a e$%<+ !e>")adá$ára9 .ar'Lie!neU( +$ R:%a L=e<!=r) <e));i'"'á$a =(án >+' &"'(,"); N+<e("r$%á)!an a $%a!ad<P&e$ %$id:$á) á'(a' $%Q("(( >"r?rada'"< irán;Q(á$a ier6' a e%6!'9 A<enn;i!en a n+<e(e <e) (=djá $%ere%ni a >"rrada'"< &e%e(+$+(, e'>"rd='a(, "); a"<<=ni$(a ide"':)ia *%8"n(ja -"$%&a e';e(( Ber'in 'e$%, $

E=r:8a ("&á!!i >er(%+$+&e' N+<e("r$%á) a &e$%(e(( á!"r&a' +$<e)n;er( >"rrada'"<<a' "';an er*% j=(, a<e'';e' $e< An)'ia,$e< 7ranUia"r$%á), de <+) a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" $e< (=dná aarU(+ri );%e'<+( &e'e $%e<!en +r&+n;e$Q(eni9 A<Q) a% Or"$%"r?$%á)i >"rrada'"< &e%e(+$e ne< j=("(( e);+r(e'<Pen a $%a!ad?<P&e$$+), $ &e'e a %$id:$á) e%+!e, a !"'$e&i$(a ide"':)iá( e); jn+<e( (r6ne (ar("((á, a<e'; a'a'<a$ 'ee( Or"$%"r$%á) N+?<e("r$%á))a' +$ a >e''á%Q("(( .*%+8?E=r:8á&a' &a': in(e)rá'á$ára9A >"rrada'er(%+$ an)'iai +$ >ranUia"r$%á)i e8"r(já&a' 8edi)a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r <e)n;er+$+re9 Ér(e( (eá(, a <inden e$%?*%( >e'a$%ná'(a 'e6%d+$+re9Ti$%a I$(&án, &"'( <ini$%(ere'n* 11@9 "(:!er 31?+n (*r(+n(<e));i'"'á$a =(án a <a);ar !e'8"'i(iai e';%e(je'en($ <+r(+? !en r"<'i9 A% ari$%("ráUia e%+!' '+8+$r'?'+8+$re U$$%i i aa(a'"<9 ); (Pni, ne< i$ a8a$%"di +r(e9 E% (e$%i 'ee(&+ a



:!"r("$ )r:>, .ár"';i -iá'; a(a'"<ra j=(á$á(, a<e'; rende%e((á''a8"(" *%*(( $"a$e< *&e(e%e(( &"'na !e9 A% "r$%á) &e%e(+?$i &á'$á)a >e'$%Qnre d"!(a a 8"'i(iai a(a'"< );a"r'á$á!an (e'je$<+r(+!en jára('an $%a(:U$"a(, aine !Pn*%i aj'a<a <e)>+?

e%e(e('enn+ &á'(9 A &*r*$ (P% (erjed+$i $e!e$$+)e <+) ia);a':i(i$ <e)'e8(e9 ); (*r(+n(, "); a '"nd"ni, <+) iná!! a 8ári$i $%a? !ad<P&e$ na);8á"';!an i$ <e)ijed(e9 .6'*n*$en a >ranUia"r<án; n+ne >+'e'e<<e' <inda%(, ae'ei <in+' na?);"!! !e'$ rende('en$+)e a >e);&er$%6ne(e( *&e( id$%a!an,<iá'(a' a !+e$%er%d+$ne ne&e%e(( di(á(=< a'áQrá$a e''en er(?'en$+)e <ia(( <+) U$a +$%re&+(e'( $e< (=d <ajd (enni9

A 'e);%*((e á("r$%á)aina >e''á%Q(á$a a%"n!an <e$$%e<e)a'ad(a a $%6$+)e$ <+r(+e(9 119 á8ri'i$ 1?+n >e''á%ad a7ranUe ne&P >ranUia adiaj: 'e)+n;$+)e (i$%(iará&a' e);6((922-á$na8 a /ean Bar( adiaj: $%e<+';%e(e *&e(i 8+'dáj=a(9 A>ranUia "r<án; &i$$%arende'i =);an a 'á%ad: 7ee(e?(en)eri>'"((á(, de a "$$% á!"r ne< U$a a &e$%(e$ á''a<" )a%da$á)á(&i$e'(e <e)9 );ane!!en a Ui8!en járna a );%(e$e i$9 A &*?

r*$ &e$%ede'e< <e)á''Q(á$ára ne< 'á(na <á$ <e)"'dá$(, <in( a !e(e) (er6'e( <in+' na);"!! <+r(+P i%"'á'á$á(9 A >ranUiá $ajá((*r(+ne'<6!' na);"n j:' i$<eri e%( a &e$%ede'<e$ &Qr=$(9 A%=(:!!i 10 +&!en +($%er i$ 8=$%(Q("((a a%áj=a(9 ); ne< <arad(<á$ á(ra, <in( a 'e)>er(%*((e!! (er6'e( <in+' na);"!! <+r(+PU$"nQ(á$a9A $%a!ad<P&e$ Bene$ U$e$%'"&á 6'6);<ini$%(er a%%a'ind""'(a a >ri$$en ia'aQ("(( U$e a("na$á) !e&"n='á$á( a >e'&i?d+re, <er( -a);ar"r$%á)"n :dQ( a !"'$e&i%<=$ +$ ne"); "';an(*<e)!á%i$a a'a='j"n i, a<e'; r*&id idn !e'6' <e)>er(%e(i,e$e('e) a(a'<á!a erQ(e(i e)+$% E=r:8á(9I)a% =);an, "); ár='á$= >ej+!en je'en($ (er6'e(ee( Q)+r(e -a);ar"r$%á) (er6'e(+!' R"<ániána +$ S%er!iána, <ajd +?$!! a <e)a'a='and: J$e$%'"&áiána, de a $ajá( ne<%e(i$+)(i á'(a' 'a"(( (er6'e(en+' na);"!!ra ne< )"nd"'(a9



); a%"n!an a ne<%e(i$+)e 'a(a (er6'e(ee% <+) a"ra$%Qn<a);ar (er6'e(ee( rende'(e, "); a ne<%e(i$+)e +88enU$a (*!!$+)!en 'e);ene a% e'"!%"(( "r$%á)r+$%e!en9Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a% a<eriaia 14 8"n("$ !+e(er&e i$

U$a a ne<%e(i$+)e >e'$%a!adQ(á$ár:', *nrende'e%+$i j")aina e';reá''Q(á$ár:' !e$%+'(9 7+'(e a%"n!an, "); -a);ar"r$%á) ne<'e$% +8e$ )á(a( e<e'ni a !"'$e&i%<=$ e=r:8ai (erjed+$e e'+9 -a?);ar"r$%á) $%"<$%+dá''a<ai ne< $%en&ed(e a F&*r*$ i<'('9); a%" $e<'e)e$Q(eni (=djá <ajd a ia'a='( >er(%+$(9); &e$%(e((e e' a%án (er6'e(+ne +(ar<adá(, 'a"$$á)á?na (*!!, <in( a >e'+(, *%*((6 <in(e); 4, <i''i: $%Qn<a);ar 'a?"$(9 -a);ar"r$%á) a (rian"ni di(á(=< a'a8ján 32 e%er n+);%e(?

i'"<+(err' XH"r&á("r$%á))a'Y 4 e%er n+);%e(i'"<+(erre, 'a?"$$á)a 1@ <i''i:r:' 5, <i''i:ra %$=)"r"d"((9 .*$%*ne(enFa'ad:$%e''e")ad"((%$id:$á)=nna9 Ne< U$"dá'a(:, "); -a);ar"r$%á) <"nar?Uia!e'i ie);en$';"%"(( +$ j:' <P*d )a%da$á)a $';"$ ár"?a( $%en&ede((9 E'&e$%(e((e erd(er6'e(+ne n+);*(*d+(, !án;áina +$ &a$(jaina 'e)na);"!! r+$%+(, e);e('en (en)eri i*(j+(, (er?23

<>*'djeine a 'e)ja&á(9 -+) a% =);anU$a á!"r( &e$%(e((A=$%(riá( i$ <a);ar (er6'e(ee' ár8:("'(á9 ); er6'( "da aB=r)en'andna e'ere$%(e'( Laj(a?*rn;+i (er6'e(, a<e'; "rá!? !an e%( a ne&e( $"a$e< &i$e'(e9A=$%(ria "rá!!an $%ere((e &"'na e%( a (er6'(e( <e)$%ere%ni,de a% á'(a'a e%de<+n;e%e(( +$ &e$%(e(( á!"r <ia((, a<e';!e-a);ar"r$%á)"( a *%*$ á''a<$%*&e($+) r+&+n +n;$%erPen !e'e?rán)a((a, a !+e$%er%d+$ *r6'i "$%("%"dá$ idej+n ne< <er(e>e'&e(ni9 A% an)"'" +$ >ranUiá i$ U$a a"r e%d(+ (á<")a(ni,a<i"r a% a<eriai 6'd*(($+) &ára('an=' e'á''( e%%e' a ja&a$'a(?(a'9A <a);ar 6'd*(($+) n;"<a(+"$an ja&a$"'(a, "); a% e'?"!%á$ra Q(+'( (er6'(een ne<%e(*%i e''enr%+$ <e''e(( (ar($ana n+8$%a&a%á$( arr:', "); e);e$6'ni Q&ánna?e a $%á<=ra ije'*'($%"<$%+d á''a<"a'9 A de<"ra(i=$ e'&e +$ j")" 'e(+(e<+?



n;e$ei, a F!+e!Qrá err' a &a':!an de<"ra(i=$ <e)"'dá$(:'na);"n i$ >+'(e, e%+r( e'&e(e((+9A% "(( +' n+8e aara(a a <a);ar 6'd*(($+)en Q&6' $eni($e< +rdee'(9

A (rian"ni !+e8aranU$ &+)reaj(á$a =(án a% e);ar<adára%$=)"rQ("((, 8"ri) a'á%"(( -a);ar"r$%á) e%er $e!!' &+re%&e "%?%á>")"(( a a%a jjá+8Q(+$+e%9 ); (Pni, "); a% An(an(?a(a'<a á'(a' e'i$<er( "r<án; <+) a%( i$ (Prni &"'( +n;(e'en,"); a <e)!="(( $%a!ad<P&e$ !"'$e&i$(a "r<án; 200 <i''i:aran;"r"ná( i&i);en A=$%(rián á( -"$%&á!a9 H"r(; +$ "r?<án;ai =);ani$ $"a$e< *&e(e'(e &i$$%a j=((a(á$á(9 Ne< U$"da,"); a% in>'áUi: "';<+r(+!en e'$%a!ad='(, "); a 'a"$$á) >i%i?

ai á(<en(+$+(, +'e'<e%+$+( U$a a "rai )a%da$á)i (*r(+ne'e<!'i$<er( U$ereere$ede'e< "'d"((a <e)9 E% 8edi) a% á''a< =(án a'a"$$á) (e'je$ e'$%e)+n;ed+$+( i$ <a)á&a' "%(a9 A 'a"$$á) >e'?+'ni +n;$%er6'( <inden (ar(a'+á(9 A% j "r<án; e'(( ne< <a?rad(a (i("!an a $%a!ad<P&e$ %$id:$á) -a);ar"r$%á) e''eni6%e'<ei9 E);i e'$ in(+%ed+$e+n( !e(i'("((a a $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';" <P*d+$+(9 E%%e' a% a<); i$ (i("$ $%er&e%e( <P*d+?$e <+) (i("$a!!á &á'(9 Na);>" nai&i(á$ e''e(( a"%, ");

!ári i$ "<"';an &e);e <P*d+$+ne <e)$%Pn+$+(9 -ajd U$a a"r je'en(e%ne, a<i"r a "$$%ra n;'( in>'áUi:( *&e(en a$%a$ +&e *%e8+n a Be('en?"r<án; Q$+r'e(e( (e$% a% j $(a?24 !i' 8+n%rend$%er '+(re"%á$ára9 E% (er<+$%e(e$en 6'>*'di i(e'e >e'&+(e'e n+'6' ne< &"'( <e)"'da(:9 A $&ájUi $%a!ad<P&e$ !an&i'á) a%"n!an Bei'en+ na); <e)'e8e(+$+re a *'U$*n* >"';:$Q(á$á( a% i)en <a)a$ a<a( <e''e(( a 8á"';" <P*d+$+?ne en)ed+';e%+$+e% *(*((e9H"r(; +$ Be('en i$ e); j: idei) e''ená''(a, de &+)6' i$ n+"r<ai &á'("%(a(á$" <e''e(( en)edni +n;$%er6'(e9 A "r<án;?na $ier6'( e'>")ad(a(nia, "); a 8á"';" U$a n;i'&án"$ $%er?&e%e(e >"r<ájá!an <P*de(ne9A %$id:$á) <+) e%( i$ i (=d(a a$%ná'ni9 A "rá!!an (i("? !an á(<en(e(( 8á"';ai FIn);en en;+r E);e$6'e(, In);en (ej



E);e$6'e(, R"(ar; J'=!, J"!den S%*&e($+) $(!9 UQ<en er6'(e U+)!Qr:$á)i !eje);%+$re9 -P*d+$i *'($+)eie( Q); á(árQ(a((á a j"!! <:d, ne< %$id: ere$edre, i8ar"$"ra +$ >=rara,ai ari(a(Q& (e&+en;$+)6e( $ej(&e $%Q&e$en (á<")a((á a )"<?

!a <:dra $%a8"r"d:, $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';"a(9 .6'*n*$ <P?*d+$6e( ne< e);$%er <+) a% á''a< $%"Uiá'i$ in(+%<+n;ei i$ (á?<")a((á9 A% in);en en;+rre +$ in);en (ejre $%"r=': ere$%(+n;U$a'ád" );er<eei e);e('en >i''+r( $e< 'á((a e%e!' a% ad"<á?n;"!:'9-indene$e(re e%%e' a "<8r"<i$$%=<<a' a 6'>*'di i(e'?n;j(á$ e'' a% aadá'; e'ár='( 1259 jan=ár 1?j+&e' i&a(a'"$ani$, (+n;'e)e$en i$ <e)$%6'e(e(( a <a);ar en) 8+n%rend$%er,

a<e'; n+án; +&en !e'6' a &i'á) e);i 'e)$%i'árda!! &a'=(ájá&á&á'(9 -+) a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r idej+( i$ &i$%"n;'a) a'aU$"n;in>'áUi:&a' &i((e &+)i)9 R"a<"$ in>'áUi:ja U$a a $%"&je( <e)?$%á''á$ =(án *&e(e%e(( !e9A +( á!"r *%*((i H"r(;?"r$%a "r<án;ai <ind&+)i) a(rian"ni (ra=<a a(á$a a'a(( á''(a, $ na);"n e';e$en !++$ a(ár?re&Q%i:( $6r)e((e9 A (er6'e(ein e'&e$%(+$++r( e'$$"r!an >e'e'$$%a!ad<P&e$?%$id:$á))a' a%"n!an <e)!++'(e9 ); (e((e,

<in(a e'inn+ a n;i'&án"$ e);e$6'e(e+ a'aQ("(( 8á"';" &a':!an +$ i%ár:'a)"$ ne<%e(+rdeP ari(a(Q& (e&+en;$+)e(>"';(a(na9 E% a <e)!++'+$ e); i$$+ >=rU$a e);6((<P*d+$+a'a='(9 A H"r(;?rend$%er e);6((<P*d*(( a %$id:$á))a' a!!an,"); a 'e)>"n("$a!! )a%da$á)i 8"%QUi:a(, <ajd <a)á( a )a%da$á?)"( (e'je$ <+r(+!en i$ajá(Q($á9 Z$id: &"'( a Ne<%e(i Ban e'?n*e, a% "r$%á) na);? +$ i$ere$ede'<+ne a ('n;"<: (*!!$+?2)e9 A% "r$%á) 'a"$$á)a <+) a *%+8r+(e)e i$ a %$id: (ei$%"')á':já&á, i$%"')á'(a("((á&á &á'(9 A &i'á)á!"r +$ a% a%(*&e( )a%da$á)i jjá+8Q(+$ $"rán e'$%e)+n;ede(( <a);ar$á) na);r+$%e a !+e+&e a'a(( $e< (=d(a &i$$%an;erni "rá!!i e)%i$%(enUi?ájá(9 .ia'a='( a ár"<<i''i: "'d=$ "r$%á)a9 Sajn"$ a ia'a='(,$"a' iná!! ia'aQ("(( á''a8"(" a <ai na8i) (ar(ana9 -inden(eUniai >ej'd+$ e''en+re !e'á(a(: idn !e'6' <+) i'á(á$ $inU$



enne <e)&á'("%(a(á$ára9H"r(; +$ a(a'"n:d"(( a %$id:$á))a'9 O';ann;ira, "); -i':$ >ia <á$"di á%a$$á)a r+&+n á''Q(:'a) r""n$á)!a i$ er6'( &e'69 S( a á!"r

=(án 8"r(=)á'iai e<i)ráUi:já!an a n+<e( a(:$á)"a' *%*$eni<eneQ(e(( %$id: >i%e((+ <ind&+)i) <e)+'e(+$i *'($+)ei(9j8+(eri E'e<+r 'i$$%a!"ni *&e($+)i 6);&i& e<'+ira(ai a'a8ján(=dj=, "); J"rin, ei$, ."<>e'd +$ -a=(ner U$a'ád" <a?);ar"r$%á)i &a);"n=a( a n+<e(ene e'ad&a n+<e( re86')+8ene); ("nna aran;a( +$ (e(e<e$ &a'=(á( <a)=a' &i&e "r(=)á'iá!a<ene6'e((e9j8+(eri E'e<+r( i$ <e)'e8(e, "); a% i''e(+e$ <a);ar a(:?

$á)" &+'e(en (=d(a n+'6' i';en a(a'<a$ &a);"n( e' 'ee(e((ide)enQ(eni9 /e'en(+$+re $e<<i(<"nd: &á'a$%( a8"((, a<e';!'<e)+r(e((e, "); <inde% a 'e)>e'$ &e%e(+$ (=d(á&a' (*r(+n(9 1-indene$e(re -a);ar"r$%á)"n ia'a='( e); "';an rend$%er,a<e';!en a% á''a<a'"(: ne<%e( <ár a'i) )a%dája *n<a)ána,$"a' iná!! ne<%e(ide)en &i'á)8"')ár" jár$%a'a)jára er6'(,a"nnan $e< a &e$%(e$ á!"r, $e< a% anna !6n(e(+$e+n( rán $%a!adQ("(( !"'$e&i$(a $%"Uia'i%<=$ i"rdá$i idej+( *&e(en a

<ai na8i) $e< $%a!ad='(91 j8+(eri E'e<+r# V+)á''"<á$ Li$%a!"n9 40?49 "'da'2A -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBOR .IROBBANÁ?SÁNA. FSZ.SÉGLETEVi$$%a(ein(&e <e)á''a8Q(a(j=, "); a $%*&e($+)e$ a(a'?<a a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r( +( 6(e<!en &e$%(e((+ e'9 E'$ 6(e<!ena a("nai &ere$+) *&e(e%e(( !e, a <á$"di!an 8edi) a 6'$ e'?'en$+)n+' $"a' &e$%ede'<e$e!! e''en>+' (á<ad"(( a &e$%(e$ á'?'a<" "r<án;aira9 E% 8edi) $ajá( a%áj= ide)ene á'(a' >e''á?%Q("(( á("r$%á)a9 -a);ar"r$%á) e$e(+!en e% $"a' na);"!! &e?$%ede'<e( je'en(e((, <in( <a)a a >r"n(9 A >e);&er$%6ne( <e)*(+?$e"r U$a8a(ain );$%:'&án <inden6(( a% "r$%á) a(árain Q&6'arU"'(a9 Onnan rende%e(( <:d"n &"n='(a a%a9 I(("n a%"n!ana% id*%!en a(a'"<ra er6'( !"'$e&i$(a "r<án; ad6);<i?



ni$%(ere a Fne< aar" (*!!+ a("ná( 'á(ni ide)en +rdeP je'$%:?&a' $%+'ne en)ed(e a %ár( *(e'+e!en +re% a'a='a("a(9 -e)i$ 'e(( a% ered<+n;eM A% An(an(?a(a'<a á'(a' >e'!i%(a("(( á''a?<" $%ede((?&ede'( a'a='a(aina (á<adá$á&a' a $e!(+!en &*r*$

U$i''a) a'á +n;$%erQ(e(( );en)e >e);&er%e(P U$a8a(" );en)+ne !i%"n;='(a9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( e%ee( a U$a8a("a( a &+dee?%+$!en <+) a% "r$%á)!a !een)ede(( An(an(<i$$%i: i$ aadá';"%(a9-ajd a !+edi(á(=<!an a% An(an(<i$$%i: $e)Q($+)+&e' <e)?$%á''( $%Qn<a);ar (er6'e(ee( je'en(+(e'en ii)a%Q(á$"a' ár='á?$= >ej+!en e%ene a% j"nnan reá'( +$ <e)'+& $%"<$%+d á'?'a<"na Q(+'(+9 N+<e("r$%á)ra "';an a(a'<a$ 8+n%6);i j:&á(+(e'( r:((a i,

a<e'; a n+<e( )a%da$á) a"ri (e'je$Q(+8e$$+)+( <e$$%e <e)?a'ad&a U$a 1@?!en jár( &"'na 'e9 A );%(e$e $%ánd+"$an); $%ere$%(e((+ <e) a% );ne&e%e(( !+e$%er%d+$(, "); a !e'á(a(: idn !e'6' a% á'(a'= <e)$%a!"(( id8"n(!an a'a'<a(adj"n ja!! á!"r indQ(á$ára9 Vaj"n <e';i á''a< (Prn+ e' (ar(:?$an, "); >"n("$ (en)eri i*(j+( F$%a!ad &ár"$$á de'ará'já,+$ e);, a i*(&e' ne< $%"<$%+d"$ á''a< r+$%+re a $ajá( (e$(+!'<+) e); *%'eed+$i $á&"(, );ne&e%e(( "rrid"r( i$ ia$Q($ana9

Va':$á)"$ U$"dána <"nda(:, "); N+<e("r$%á) e <e)a'á%:e';%e( e''en+re (*!!, <in( (Q% +&i) "rre(, !++$ a8U$"'a("((ar("(( Len);e'"r$%á))a'9257ranUia"r$%á) ann;ira ne< !Q%"(( a n+<e( j:&á(+(e' (e'je$Q(?e($+)+!en, "); 1239 jan=ár 11?+n !+eid!en a("nai'a)<e)$%á''ja a n+<e( R=r?&id+e(, );<"nd F8r"d=(Q& %á'")?+n(9 A <e)$%á''( (er6'e( aU+'? +$ e);+! (er<e'+$+( 'e>")'a'ja +$ a j:&á(+(e'!e !e$%á<Q(&a e'"!"%%a +$ e'$%á''Q(ja9 A a(a'<a$$%(ráj=''á< e''en+re e%en j"((án;i( $e< aj'and: &á'("%(a(ni, in?á!! $';"$ !6n(e(+$ee( $%a! i a% i8ari 6%e<e (='ajd"n"$aira,de <+) a <=ná$" e); r+$%+re i$9 7ranUia"r$%á) +$ An)'ia 'e)? je'en($e!! !e&+(e'i >"rrá$a a n+<e( j:&á(+(e' >i%e(+$+!' ered97ranUia"r$%á) e!!' a >"rrá$!:' >ede%i a -a)in"(?&"na' a("nai&+de'e'+8Q(+$+( i$9 Id*%!en a >ranUia <e)?



$%á''á$ );ne&e%e(( Fde<i'i(ari%á'( *&e%e((+ a'a=' a >ranUiá ("?&á!!i je'en'+(+&e'9 Hi('er 1339 jan=ár 30?i a(a'"<ra j=(á$á&a',<i=(án e'$ in(+%ed+$e a $%a!ad<P&e$e á'(a' irán;Q("(( N+8?$%*&e($+)!' &a': i'+8+$, 139 <árUi=$ 5?+n e'rende'i a de<i'i?

(ari%á'( *&e%e(!en a n+<e( $%=&ereni(á$ e';reá''Q(á$á(9 Ne< U$a An)'ia +$ O'a$%"r$%á), ane< 7ranUia"r$%á) i$ (=d"<á$=' &e$%i an+<e( '+8+$(9A% e'$ &i'á)á!"r e'&e$%(+$+&e' A=$%(ria na);a(a'e'i$<er+$ ind=á'(a a% "$%(rá 8"'i(iána a%( a (*re&+$+(, "); e); ná'a er$e!! a(a'"<<a' $%*&e(e%&e,e$e('e) e);e$6'&e e% i$<+( 'ee(&+ &á'j+9 Ne< i$ i)en e''e(( e?re$nie 8ar(ner+(, i$%en a% "(( &"'( a $%"<$%+djá!an, a<e';ne

je'en($ (er6'e(+( n+<e(?r:<ai U$á$%ár$á)+n( "rá!!an <ár !ir?(""'(a9 Va);i$ N+<e("r$%á)9Ráadá$=' a +( á''a< *%*$ n;e'&e (á'Uán Qná'(a a <e)"'dá$(9A &e$%(e$ á!"r =(áni 8"'i(iai á"$% e''en+re <ind+( á''a< (*r?&+n;"%á$a *nn;en +$ );"r$an <e)"%(a a +( "r$%á) =ni:jár:'$%:': d*n(+$(9 J$a"); a );%(e$ +$ (e((' (a'8i) de<"ra(i=$na);a(a'<a e%( a +( n+8 aara(á( a(a'ranUia )"nd"'"dá$ e);$%erP# ne< a%+r( 8r"&"?á'(á i, <ajd n;er(+ <e) a &i'á)á!"r( A=$%(ria +$ N+<e("r?2 Ha'<"$; D+ne$# Ne<%e(*%i $%er%d+$e 11@?149 49 "'da'2@$%á) e''en, "); i';en e);$%erP <:d"n i$<+( )a%da$á)i "n=?ren$ei+ &á'a$$"n9E% a% e);e$6'+$i :aj a +( n+8 *%*(( e((' 8er$%e <+) ne<$%Pn( <e), ane< ("&á!!ra i$ a 'e'e!en <=ná'(, a 'ee( <+)>e' i$ er$*d*((9Hi('er a(a'"<ra j=(á$á!an d*n( $%ere8e( já($%"(( a n+<e()a%da$á) $ira'<a$ á''a8"(a, a<e';!e a a(a'<a$ j:&á(+(e' >i%e(+$e j=((a((a9 A <=ná$$á) $"r"%a("$ $%(rájjai U$a a "r<án;" U$e?r+j+( &"'( +8e$ e'+rni9 A )a%da$á) ja&='á$á( a%"n!an a% j "r?



<án;" $e< (=d(á (e'je$Q(eni9 Hi('er aine !"'$e&i$(a %$ar)"n?na' <"nd&a ne< &"'( &e$%(eni&a':ja, ne&+n ne&e%(e a !aj" "á(, &a'a<in( "r&"$'á$ána <:djá(9 A n+<e( 8"')ári? de a $%"Ui?á'de<"ra(a 8ár(" i$ e);<á$$a' &er$en)&e &e(e((+ e' Hi('er +r?

&ei(, U$a +88en j"!!a( ne< (=d(a a e';+!e á''Q(ani9 A e';%e(na);"n a$"n'Q("(( a 50 +&&e' +$!!i -a);ar"r$%á)"n <P*d-IÉ *r6'i =%a&"nára, ai( <indeni $%+'$$+)e$ne, ra$$%i$?(ána, an(i$%e<i(ána, >a$i$%(ána UQ<+%, de $eni $e< (=d &á'a?$%"'ni arra, "); "&á 'e(( a 120 <i''iárd D"''ár +r(+P 8ri&a(i%á'(ne<%e(i &a);"n e''en+r(+e, a<e';!' <+) a Frend$%er&á'(á$"r>enná'': 22 <i''iárd D"''ár 6'>*'di ad:$$á)"( $e< >i%e((+ &i$$%a9De erre +$!! <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9

A n+<e( (*<e)e e); idei) i((e a i('eri +r&e Uá>"'a(ai? !an, de a e';%e( >""%a("$ r"<'á$a e'!! <e)in)a((a, <ajd <e)?);%(e e(, "); &a); a !i%("$ a'á', &a); a !i%"n;(a'an >e'(á?<adá$ *%*(( &á'a$%(a(na9 V+)6' i$ ne< i$ ann;ira Hi('er, $"?a' iná!! i'á(á$(a'an e';%e(6 );%(e <e) e( a &á'("%á$$%6$+)e$$+)+r'9 /"!! Qján (eá( a(a'"<ra j=((a((á a Ne<%e(iS%"Uia'i$(a ár("(9Ha(a'"<ra j=(á$a =(án Hi('er <e)(ar("((a &á'a$%(á$i Q)+re(ei(9

A%"nna' !++$ (ár);a'á$"a( e%de<+n;e%e(( An)'iá&a' a !+e?$%er%d+$ >e'(+(e'eine en;Q(+$+re9 -i=(án <e));%d*((, ");e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ );%(e$ e''en>e'ei aj(a(a('an", N+<e("r$%á)i'+8e(( a i%ár:'a) a );%(e$e +rde +8&i$e'e(+( e''á(: N+8$%*?&e($+)!'9 Vi$$%aá''Q("((a N+<e("r$%á) >enna(:$á)á( a de<i'i(a?ri%á'( R=r?&id+, &e'e a n+<e( aU+'i8ar >e'e((9 1359 jan=ár 30?án 8edi) !eje'en(e((e, "); <e)(a)adja <inda%"a( a *(e'e%e(($+)e?e(, a<e';e( a &er$ai''e$i !+edi(á(=< a ReiU!anra +$ a !ir"?da'ej'd+$ne ind='(9 A (*<e?)e$ n;"<"r$á) "'; 'á(&án;"$ );"r$a$á))a' ja&='(, <ajd $%Pn(<e), "); <+) N+<e("r$%á) e''en$+)ei( i$ á<='a(!a ej(e((e9 -+)L'";d Ge"r)e a );%(e$ An)'ia &"'( á!"r$ <ini$%(ere'n*e i$



N+<e("r$%á)!a =(a%i, "); (an='<án;"%%a a% "(("n n;"<a$%(:<=nan+'6'i$+) <e)$%6n(e(+$+ne <:d$%erei(9 A% e)+$% n+<e((ár$ada'"< n+án; +& <'&a "';an $%"Uiá'i$ in(+%<+n;ee( a? 8"((, a<e';e( ej'd+$( <in(a+r(+Pne (ein(e(j6# "); e); $%a!ad, j:' "r?<án;%"(( $%"r)a'<a$ +$ (ee($+)e$ ne<%e( <ire +8e$9A ár&a''"(( an)"' +$ >ranUia "r<án;" a%"n!an ne< n+%(+ j: $%e<<e' N+<e("r$%á) );"r$ +$ na);arán; >ej'd+$+(9 B"$$%(e$6d(e e''ene9 E'a(ár"%(á i$<+( 'e(*ri a n+<e( &i(a'i(á$(9 já!"r&a' +n;$%erQ(i <+) a "rá!!iná' i$ <e)a'á%:!! +$ na?

);"!! (eer &i$e'+$+re9 A $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';"!an N+<e("r?$%á) (e'je$ >e'$%á<"'á$á(, <in( ne<%e(ne a >*'d $%Qn+r' &a': e'?(*r'+$+( (er&e%(+9 A (er&ne 6'*n*$ n;"<a(+"( ad"(( a n+án;+&&e' "rá!!an a% e)+$% &i'á) )a%da$á)án &+)i)$*8r 12?339+&i )a%da$á)i &á'$á)9 E%een a (er&e%*n a% a )"nd"'"dá$ 'e((((á, "); a &i'á) "ra!e'i >ej'e(( i8ara (*!! (er<+ e'á''Q(á$ára+8e$, <in( a<enn;i a &i'á) 'a"$$á)ána a $%6$+)'e(e9 .*&e(?e%+$+88 a <+) ("&á!!>ej'd (eUn"':)iá e%( <+) n*&e'ni i$

>")já9 E% a% "a a ('(er<e'+$ &á'$á)ána, a<e'; a "ra!e'i *%?)a%da$á)i (=d"<án; e$%*%ei&e' <e)"'da(a('anna 'á($%"((9 A%aran;a'a8 >i%e(e$%*% a >ej'd+$ >+j+&+ &á'(9 J$a ); 'e(( &"'?na >enn(ar(a(:, a a% ár=(er<e'+$ a(a'<a$ 6(e<+ne <+r(++!enn*&e'e( 'e(( &"'na a% aran; (er<e'+$e9 A%"n!an a )a%da$á) <P?*d+$+( e% i$ U$a r*&id(á&"n !i%("$Q(a((a &"'na, <i&e' a% aran;&"'(a+88en "'( (e, $ a $%a8"r"d: n+8e$$+) <=nájána );6?<*'U$e+n( <e)+'e(+$+e% ne<U$a aran;a( i)+n;e'9);ana"r a (er<e'+$ n*&eed+$e 'e)na);"!! r+$%( ne< a(eUnia, a (eUn"':)ia >ej'd+$+ne, ane< a <e)n*&eede((<enn;i$+)P <=ná$+% ered<+n;e &"'(9 Lee);$%erP$Q(&e# a de?<")rá>iai r"!!aná$ <+r(+e na);!an <e)a'ad(a a i<P&e'e(e<!ere $%á<ána, a (eUniai +$ (eUn"':)iai i$<ere(e n*&ee?30d+$+ne $%Qn&"na'á(9 A >ej'd+$ (e'je$$+)+ne e% a% e);en$';i



<e)!"<'á$a &e%e(e(( &+)6' i$ a% e)+$% &i'á)"( <e)rá%: )a%da$á)i&á'$á)"%9A $%a!ad<P&e$ )"nd"'"dá$ e%((a' ne< e're '+8e((, a?ne< á(ra9 Ne< a (*<e)e$ "(a(á$!an, a (*<e)e <a)a$a!! +r(+?

P <=na&+)%+$+re &a': i+8e%+$+!en i)+n;$%Qn&"na'ána n*?&e'+$+!en 'á((a a <e)"'dá$(, <iá'(a' a <e)n*&eede(( ár=>"r)a'"< !i%("$Q(a(: 'e(( &"'na, ane< +88en >"rdQ(&a9 ); )"nd"'(á, a a'e)>ej'e((e!! ár=(er<e' a(a'<a *%6' a% j"nnan >e'(*re&e(ii(a(já, a"r <+r$+'di a% ár=Qná'a(, a<e';e( a $(a)ná':>e'&e&8iaU +8e$ 'e$% +r(+e$Q(eni9 Lee(e('en >e' ne< i$<ernie!!en a% ""$"dá$!an a 'ee);$%erP$Q(e(( -a'(=$?e'<+'e( $%a? !á';ai(9 E$%erin( e); "';an <+re(e >*'d!ir(""n, a"' e); á%a$?

8ár ie);en$';"%"(( <=ná&a' <e)(er<e'i a <e)+'e(+$+e%$%6$+)e$ ja&aa(, =);an"(( +( á%a$8ár a +($%ere$+re n*&e'(<=nájá&a' ne< +re( e' +($%ere$ (er<+<enn;i$+)9 A >*'d? !ir(""n d"')"%: ("&á!!i n*&e'+$e a% e); >re e$ (er<e'+$ ("?&á!!i U$*en+$+&e' jár9 -inde% +($+)(e'en6' i)a%9 J$a");-a'(=$ :(a i$<er((+ &á'( a n*&e& &"'=<ena$%"n e'<+'e(e9 Ha=);ani$ 10^?"$ a<a(ra e'e';e%e e); !an!a 100 >"rin("(, a%+&i 10 >"rin( a$%n"( "%9 De a 1000 >"rin("( (=d" e'e';e%ni,

a% <ár 100 >"rin( "%ad+a' !Qr9 Va);i$ a ie);en$';"%"(( )a%?da$á)!an a n*&e& <=naer a &á''a'"%:na n*&e& a$%n"(rea'i%á'9Ta'án $%6$+)(e'en <"ndani, "); a &i'á) )a%da$á)a na8ja?in!an =);ane%ee' a 8r"!'+<áa' 6$%*di9 A Fj"!!ná'? j"!! *%)a%da$á)i e'<+'e(e a *n;*r(e'en )'"!a'i%áUi: <":?$á)án $"rra !=na <e)9 -indeni a% =ni:$ (*re&+$e!en 'á(ja a<e)"'dá$(, <i*%!en a% =ni: <ár +8(e'en <e)!ir:%ni $ajá( e'?'en(<"ndá$ai&a'9 A !e'$ "+%i: e);re n*&e& <e)!"<'á$a<ár a $%er&e%e( >e'!"<'á$á&a' >en;e)e(9 E''en(+( (a8a$%(a'a(: N+<e("r$%á) +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) *%*((9 );$%in(+n a n+<e(?>ranUia+$ an)"' +rdee *%*((9);ana"r ne< e'an;a)"'a(: +rdee''en(+( &an a% E=r:? 8ai ni: +$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" *%*(( i$9 /a8ánr:', Á%$iár:',&a); a% e)+$% &i'á) ener)ia !á%i$á( !i%("$Q(: A>riár:' <+) ne<



i$ !e$%+'(6n9 A )'"!a'i%áUi: e''en(+(e a $%a!ad &er$en;ne9 E'?'ene%i a <"n"8:'i=<?e''ene$ (*r&+n;ee'9 ); (Pni a a8i(a?31'i$(a )a%da$á)e'<+'e( rei >e'ad(á a $%a!ad &er$en; á'(a' i&á'(?

a(: $%e''eej'd+$e% &e%e(9-indene$e(re <ár a ar<inUa$ +&e *%e8+n i$ U$a a"r an)"%(a((á a ne<%e(e *%*((i $%a!ad )a%daá)i &er$en; <in?dena(:$á)á(, a<eddi) &er$en;e';%e(6 e'n;ei a'a8ján a% an?)"'$%á$% +$ >ranUia na);&á''a'a(" &"'(a a &er$en; );%(e$ei9

A"' e% &e$%+';!e er6'(, a "n=ren$ á''a<"a( >"rrada'<aa', !e'$ %a&ar"a', &+)$ e$e(!en á!"r&a' i);ee%(e >ej'e((e!! 8"%QUi:i(:' <e)>"$%(ani9 A (i("$ $%a!ad<P&e$$+) !ár<e'; e);+!+n( ie'+)Q(en >ej'e((?á''a<!an +8e$ &"'( X+$ <a i$+8e$MY >"rrada'e'$%Q(ani9 /: 8+'da erre a% 1@9 +&i (*!! e(e$>ranUia"r$%á)i $%(ráj9 E!!en a% id!en a >ranUia )a%da$á) j:"nj=n(=rá'i$ id$%a"( +'( <e)9 /e'en($ ere$ede'i%e(+$+re ne< ad"(( a'ad+"(, Q); A<eria arra +n;$%er6'(,"); arann;a' >i%e$$en9 A% aran;(*<!* =);an )a%dá( U$er+'(e,de r*&ide$en a 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< a 7ranUia ."<<=ni$(a ár($%Q(á$ára, a F'+(>e'(+(e'e ja&Q(á$ára +$ a d"')"%: $%"Uiá'i$i)+n;eine ie'+)Q(+$+re (*!!, <in( (Q%<i''i: <=ná$ e%de(((*!! e(e$ $%(ráj!a9 I';en *&e(e'+$$e' =);ani$ a &i'á) !ár<e';"r$%á)á!an, !ár<i"r 'ee(ne $%(ráj"( indQ(ani9 A $%(ráj &+)6' i$"';an <e)e);e%+$$e' +r( &+)e(, "); a >ranUia á''a< <e) e''e(((+rQ($e <ind a d"')"%: $%(ráj idej+re e$ed+e$ !+r+(, <ind a&á''a'a(" $%(ráj *&e(e%(+!en e'e(e%e(( árá(9 A% a<eriaiere$ede'e<<e' $%e<!en e'+r( >ranUia a(Q&=< je'en($ r+$%+( a$%(ráj 'eU$a8"'(a9 N+<e("r$%á) e$e(+!en a ar<inUa$ +&e *%e8+n a rendQ?&6'i "nj=n(ra, a% i8ar +$ <=ná$$á) 'á(&án;"$ $%"Uiá'i$ >ej'?d+$e !ár a (i("$ $%a!ad<P&e$e i(( i$ <P*d(e 'ee(e('en?



n+ (e((e a !e'$ rend >e'%a'a(á$á(9 A >e);e'<e%e(( n+<e( i8ari<=ná$$á) $%"r)a'<a$ <=nája n;"<án +'&e%(e anna );6<*'?U$+(9 Ne< &"'( aj'and: "Uára (enni $e<+'e 8"'i(iai a'an?d"r" :!"r("$ Q)+re(ei+r(9 A n+<e( 'a"$$á) +'e($%Qn&"na'á&a'

&a': e'+)ede(($+)e, a j*&!e &e(e(( i(e, a% j &e%e(+$ irán(i !i%a'?<a "';an na); +$ $%i'a$%i'árd &"'(, "); N+<e("r$%á) e''en$+?32)eine <á$ <:d$%ere =(án e''e(( n+%ni69 E%e a <á$ <:d$%e?re +$ e$%*%ei a% an)"' $%a!ad<P&e$$+) 'e)>e'$!! 8á"';ai? !an er6'(e <e)(er&e%+$re9 E!!en a% id!en a $%a!ad<P&e$?$+) a 'e)<a)a$a!! $%in(en An)'iá!an &"'( re8re%en(á'&a9 Benne&"'( a% =ra'"d:á% i$, a a(a'<a( (+n;'e)e$en );a"r': 8ar'a<en(

+$ a "r<án; $%á<"$ (a)ja, (*!!e *%*(( <a)a J=rUi'' i$9 E!? !en a% id!en J=rUi'' =);an ne< (a)ja a "r<án;na, de 7ran?Uia"r$%á) n+<e( 'er"aná$a idej+n ie(e('en );"r$a$á))a' An)'ia<ini$%(ere'n*e 'e$%933A -ÁSODI. VILAGHABOR SZERELI? NE. .IVÁLASZTÁSA9A% e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ !+e$%er%d+$( *&e( +&e!en, !ár a

>"rrada'"<<a' a(a'"<ra j=("(( Or"$%"r$%á)i !"'$e&i%<=$ <e)?er$*d+$+( a% a<eriai %$id: !an&i'á)# /aU"! SUi>>, G=))en?ei<, -a Brei(=n, ar!=r), .=n, L"e! end J"9 Baná%a a Ne_ "r e'e(i r+$%+!' $%ár<a%: %$id: Tr"Uij XBr"n$(einY (? ján er*'U$i'e), de >'e) an;a)i'a) (á<")a(já9 E% a $%á%<i''i:$na);$á)rend!e (ar("%: "r"$% (*<e)e r+$%+re U$e88 &"'( a (en)er? !en9 A a(a'"< );a"r':i a%"n!an an;a)i )"nd"(:' <en(e$en+'(e9 A a(a'<a$ "r$%á) (*<e)e''á(á$a &i$%"n( $';"$ 8r"!'+<á( je'en(e((9 121?!en <ár $';"$ +Qn$+) $j("((a a% "r$%á) 'a"$$á?)á(9 E<ia(( Lenin +n;(e'en &"'( 'a%Q(ani a% á''ae'adá$á( 'á((a9 Enne <e)aadá';"%á$ára <er+n;'e(e((er&e%(e e''ene9 .a8'an D:ra e); %$id: n rá i$ ' Leninre,



ai a%"n!an $e!e$6'+$+( ('+'(e9 Be(e)$+)e <ia(( <+)i$ >""%a("?$an i$%"r=' a% "r$%á) 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$+!', 1249 jan=ár 21?+n<e) i$ a'9A !"'$e&i$(a !aUi'=$(:' :&a"d: e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ );%(e$

a(a'<a );ne&e%e(( &e$%(e)%ára( &"n(a Or"$%"r$%á) *r+,a<e'; a di8'"<áUiai e'$%i)e(e'+$(' &a': i%árá$i) $" <inden((ar(a'<a%"((9E!!en 8er$%e >$%ere8e( já($%"((, "); a% j $%"&je( a(a'"<$e<<i$$+ n;i'&ánQ("((a a Uári =ra'"< á'(a' A<eriá&a', An)'iá&a',7ranUia"r$%á))a' +$ <á$ a8i(a'i$(a á''a<"a' <e)*(*(( "n?Ue$$%i:$ $%er%d+$ee(9 T"&á!!á <e)(a)ad(a Uári j")e'dj+ne +$a .eren$%i?"r<án;na n;j("(( *'U$*n* &i$$%a>i%e(+$+(9 E

8r"!'+<á rende%+$e U+'já!:' *$$%eQ&"(( 1229 +&i Gen"&ai."n>erenUia ered<+n; n+'6' %ár='(9 N+<e("r$%á) +rdee$ <:d"n a$"n': e';%e(!e er6'(, <in(Or"$%"r$%á)9 A $%a$ +&e e'ej+n, !ár i(( a% "" i%ár:'a) an+<e( "n=renUia <in+' na);"!! i%"'á'á$a, a n+<e( i8ar re)ene?34rá':dá$ána <inden <:d"n &a': aadá';"%á$a (*r(+n(9 A )en"&ai"n>erenUia ere(+!en a%"n!an a je'en'e) +( a$"n': !aj"a'

6%d &"'( e''en$+) Or"$%"r$%á) +$ N+<e("r$%á) j"!! 'ee($+?)e Qján e);<á$$a' *( a )a%da$á) +$ a ere$ede'e< i$%+'e$Q?(+$+re &"na("%: $%er%d+$( a% );ne&e%e(( Ra8a'':i S%er%d+$(9Bár<i';en >=rU$a, e% a N+<e("r$%á) $%á<ára i)enU$a $"&án;ered<+nn;e' jár: $%er%d+$ (*!!, <in( (Q% +&i) $%"')á'(a a +( á'?'a< +rdeei(9 A $%er%d+$ a(á';a a% +'e( <inden (er6'e(+re i(er? jed(9 Érde<e$ <e)e<'Q(eni, "); a <e)a'a=': V*r*$ Had$ere)e'$ j (i$%(iará( n+<e( (i$%(e +8e%(+ i9 T='ajd"n+88en e%&"'( a% e);i > "a S%(á'in <á$"di &i'á)á!"r( <e)e'% a?(a'<a$ (i$%(")a(á$ána, a<e'; a V*r*$ Had$ere) &e%e(+$+re +$(i$%(iarára i$ i(erjed(9 A% 121?22?e$ na); "r"$%"r$%á)i +Qn$+)idej+n N+<e("r$%á) !ár <a)a i$ $%6$+)e( $%en&ede(( e);<i'?'iárd <árá$ $e)+';( n;j("(( Or"$%"r$%á)na9-ind+( "r$%á) 'a"$$á)ána (*!! +&e$ $%en&ed+$+( *&e(?en a $%a$ +&e <á$"di >e'+!en a )a%da$á)i e);6((<P*d+$



e'n;ei 'á(a(: >"r<á( *'(ene, !ár a n+8e$$+) n;"<"ra a <ai &i?$%"n;""% <+r&e <+) <indi) e'+8e$%(en na);9 -ind+( "r?$%á) "r<án;%á$a rendQ&6'i er>e$%Q(+$(, >e);e'<e( +$ $%i)"r?$á)"( *&e(e'9 S%"&je( "'da'"n e% !i%"n; a (ar(:$ +a'á' <e''e((

(*<e)e$ i&+)%+$ee' i$ jár9 N+<e("r$%á)!an );a"ria a% =(Uai (6n(e(+$e, $%(ráj" +$<inden>aj(a a"); <a <"ndj= 8"')ári en)ede('en$+)9Ha);"<án;"$ Fde<"ra(i=$ <:d$%eree' a% e);<á$();aran &á'(: "r<án;" ne< (=dna e%en rrá 'enni9 A radiá'i$ 8r")ra<<a' a(a'"<ra er6' Ne<%e(i S%"Uia'i$(a ár( r*&id ida'a(( );*ere$en &á'("%(a( a e';%e(en9 Or"$%"r$%á)!an, a ); j"!!an (e($%i a S%"&je(=ni:!an a $%adi$(a S%(á'in =ra'<a "n?

$%"'idá'ja a e';%e(e(9 A% an)"'?>ranUia &e%e(+$ e);re na);"!!a))"da'"<<a' >i);e'i a $%á<ára <inden+88en á(rán;"$an >"r?<á':d: e);6((<P*d+$(9 E% a )a%da$á)i *$$%e>")á$ E=r:8á!an&e$%+';e$e!! "n=renUiá( (ere<(e(, <in( a<e';e( a'i) +( +&(i?%ede &er(e $%+(9Va'a<i( (enni e''M Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( 1319 <árUi=$á!an N+<e("r$%á) +$ A=$%(ria a !+e$%er%d+$!en <e)(i'("(( e);e$6'+?$e e''en+re &á<$%*&e($+)re &"na("%: (er&e( je'en( !e9 Ta'án

<"ndani $e< e'', "); a +( á''a< e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ e''en>e'ei?3 !en e% <e)'ee($en na); >e'á!"r"dá$( +$ (i'(a"%á$( &á'( i9Enne 'e)$!a&á):!! >"r<ája a 6'>*'di %$id: (e );"r$ i&"?ná$a, <in( N+<e("r$%á)!:', <in( 8edi) A=$%(riá!:'9 A >ranUia"r<án; <e)(a)adja A=$%(riá(:' a <ár <e)Q)+r( )a%da$á)?$%aná'á$i *'U$*n >"';:$Q(á$á(9 E Fde<"ra(i=$ á''a<" *$$%e?an)"'( +$ &á'")a("(( n;"<á$ána a(á$ára a +( á''a< +n;(e'ena &á<$%*&e($+) (er&+( &i$$%a&"nni9A% *r*!+e &Q%i:já( $%á<P%ni e'' (eá( a 8"'i(ia e$%*%(á?rá!:'9A% e'$ &i'á)á!"r e'((i á''a8"(" );$%:'&án $e<<i( $e<&á'("%(a9 A )a%da$á)i 8r"!'+<á <e)i$<+('d(e, Q); a% e''en?>e'e i$ a%"n"$a9 E);i "'da'"n An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) +$ a?);"<án;"$ e=r:8ai $%*&e($+)e$ei, <á$>e'' a% e)+$% n+<e(



n;e'&(er6'e( +$ a "%%á*(d +n;$%er$%*&e($+)e$ei, ai N+?<e("r$%á) $%"<$%+d$á)á!an +$ *%e'$+)+!en, (e);6 "%%á);en)e$+)+!en, +8(e'ene 'e((e &"'na a <á$i "'da'"% U$a('a?"%ni9

Érdee$ <:d"n a$"n': "n=renUia 8r"!'+<ája &an a (en)e?ren('i E);e$6'( Á''a<"na /a8ánna'9 /a8án =);an $%á<arán;á(+$ 8i''ana(n;i >ej'e(($+)+( (ein(&e j:&a' e' &an <arad&a A<eri?á(:', de >ej'd+$+ne 6(e<e ije$%( <+re(ee( *'(*((9 -P*d+$e$"rán 8edi) i%ár:'a) $ajá( a);"<án;ai( *&e(i, $ ne< aj'and:a% Fa<eriai de<"ráUia já(+$%a!á';ai"% i)a%"dni9 );ana?"r a% á%$iai (er6'e(en '+& !e>"';á$a i$ &+$%e$en (erjed9 -i&e' a%e'$ &i'á)á!"r( +&e(: "$%("%"dá$!:' /a8án (e'je$ <+r(+!en

i<arad(, 131?!en >e);&ere$ (á<adá$( indQ( .Qna e''en -and%$?ria >e'$%a!adQ(á$á+r(9 A a("nai <P&e'e(e <ind*$$%e ár"< :?na8i) (ar(ana9 -and%$ria i<"ndja e'$%aadá$á( .Qná(:' +$ 8r"'a<á'ja a% Öná'': -and%$= .*%(ár$a$á) <e)a'aQ(á$á(9 .Qna !e'$ 8r"!'+<áa' i$ 6%d9 A% "r$%á)"( =ra': "=<in(a) 125? !en e((+$%aad9 Ba'"'da'i $%árn;a V=an!an a'aQ( "r<án;(,<Q) a j"!!"'da'i J$an) .aj?$e?e' Nanin)?!an a'aQ(ja <e)"r<án;á(9 .+$!! a !a'"'da'i &=ani "r<án; i%árja a "<<=?

ni$(áa(9 Anna e''en+re, "); <in( a &=ani, <in( a Nanin)i."r<án; $%e<!eer6' a "<<=ni$(áa', -a"?Je?(=n) H=an(ar("<án;!an >e);&ere$ U$a8a("a( (=d $%er&e%ni, a<e';ne '+(?$%á<a r*&id id a'a(( e'+ri a 3009000 >(9 E!!en a Qnai &*r*$ ad?$ere)!en !ár<i';en >=rU$a, <e)(a'á'j= <ind a $%"&je(, <ind a%3a<eriai (anáU$ad:a( +$ (er<+$%e(e$en <ind+( á''a< >e);&erei(i$9 /a8án 'á(&án;"$ >ej'd+$e <e)á''Q(á$á"% a% E);e$6'( Á''a?<"na a á!"rn Q&6' );$%:'&án $e<+'e <á$ e$%*%eninU$9 A n+<e(n+' i$ >e);e'<e%e((e!! 'a"$$á) !e'$ >e''á%Q(á$ára<+) )"nd"'ni $e< 'ee(9 A ja8án ne<%e(i *n(=da( a &i'á) <inden<á$ ne<%e(+n+' *$$%ea$"n'Q(a(a('an=' na);"!!9 /:%an ne<%e(i)"nd"'"dá$a ann;ira e'(+r a% e=r:8ai, a% a<eriai, &a); a% a>ri?ai, de <+) a (*!!i á%$iai n+8e+(' i$, "); anna i$%á<Q(á$a,<e));en)Q(+$e (e'je$ +8(e'en$+)9



A% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!an i$ ); +r%i, &a'a<i( '+8ni e''9 A%a<eriai a'"(<án; a%"n!an a á!"r( i''e(en nee%e!!en e?r6'e( <e), <in( a% e=r:8ai á''a<" (*r&+n;ei9A na); &i'á))a%da$á)!:' <+) a'i) 'á!ad"%: A<eriá!an i$

>"rd=':8"n("( je'en( a% 133?a$ +&9 N+<e("r$%á)"% a$"n':an,&a);i$ Hi('erre' e); id!en R""$e&e'( $%e<+';+!en j e'n* er6'a(a'"<ra9 R""$e&e'( ener)i=$, A<eriá!an $%"a('an <:d$%e?ree' );"r$Q(ja <e) a )a%da$á)i &á'$á) >e'$%á<"'á$á(9 Hi&a(a'!a'+8+$e na8ján <e)irde(i a Ne_ Dea'?na ere$%(e'( Xj irán;Y 8"'i(iájá(9 Enne 'e)'á(&án;"$a!! e'e<ei, "); <e)(i'(ja a%aran; i&i(e'+( A<eria (er6'e(+r' +$ a i$$%6, a ne<, <e)?$%6n(e(i a U$ee >"r)a'<á(9 .*&e(e'+$+( +$ (ar("%á$á( <indeni

U$a +$%8+n%>i%e(+$$e' rende%e(i9 -i&e' a )a%da$á)i &á'$á) +8? 8en a<ia(( r"!!an( i, "); a !an" +$ a% á''a< )a%da$á)a ne<rende'e%e(( ann;i 8+n%%e', <in( a<enn;i *&e(e'+$ á''"(( &e'e$%e<!en, Q); a !e(+(e$e 8+n%+( i>i%e(ni ne< (=d(a, *nn;en <a?)=n e'+ +8%e'e(j6 a%"a( a% á''a8"("a(, a<i"r a% á''a< 'e?n=''á%%a a i$? +$ na);!e(+(e$ 8"')áraina a !an" á'(a' (%$d+ne'!="(( 8+n%+(9 E%%e' $%e<!en a e(edQ%i)'en e'á("%"(( Hi('er <ajd"); ne< (ee(e('en6' n+%ni +n;(e'en, "); a N+<e("r?

$%á)!an <e))a%da)"d"(( %$id: a $&ájUi !anár" $6r)e(+$+re a$e<'e)e$ á''a<!an (*r&+n;e$Q(e(( !an(i(" $e)Q($+)+&e' i''e)á'i?$an <eneQ(i S&ájU!a a 8+n%6e(9 S%6$+)(e'en r+$%'e(e%ni <e?"ra ár( ""%(a e%%e' a% =);anU$a )a%da$á)i &á'$á) *&e(e%?<+n;ei( +' N+<e("r$%á)na9 -indene$e(re a% 12?33?a$ na);&i'á))a%da$á)i &á'$á), a<e';ne a(á$ai <+) 1339 =(án i$ ("&á!!);PrP%(e, >e'(ár(a a >ej'e(( +$ >ej'd &i'á) <P*d+$+ne *$$%e$ 8r"!'+<ái(9 7e'i$<ere(&+ (e((e a (er<+$%e(e$ e&"'Ui:ná' );"r?$a!! >ej'd+$ &e$%+';ei(9 T*!! &"'( e%, <in( (%$deraU935A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" <inde!!' a%( a 'e)>"n("$a!! *&e(?e%(e(+$( &"n(a 'e, "); a <+re(+ri+n +$ n+8e$$+)+!en An)'iá( +$7ranUia"r$%á)"(, &a); aár <inde((( i$ <e)a'ad: á''a< >ej'?d+$+e% $%6$+)e &an "';an );ar<a(i in>ra$(r=(rára, a<i';enne'a%" rende'e%ne9 Enne ián;á!an e);re n*&e& i8ará( n;er$?



an;a))a' +$ ener)iá&a' e''á(ni ne< (=dja9 E%%e' >ej'd+$e <e)re?ed9 A >e'ada( (eá( ad"((# &a); );ar<a("a( e'' $%ere%ni, &a); a);ar<a(i $(r=(ra <P*d+$+( &a'a<i';en >"r<á!an á( e'' ren?de%ni9

-i&e' $%a!ad, );ar<a("$Q(a(: (er6'e(e <ár ninU$ene, &a);a );en)+n >ej'e(( á''a<"a( e'' );ar<a((á &i$$%a&e(ni, i''e(&e a);ar<a(i (er<e'+$ >ej'e$%(+$+ne +$ *%*$ "%%á>+r+$+ne 'ee(?$+)+( e'' <e)(ere<(eni9R""$e&e'( e% =(:!!i +( &á'("%a( <e''e(( d*n(*((9 ."<"';)"nd"( je'en(e(( a%"n!an, "); a 'e)na);"!! );ar<a(!ir"da'"<?<a' +88en 'ee($+)e$ $%*&e($+)e$ei rende'e%ne9 E );ar<a(" a$%n"$Q(á$ána &a'a<i';en <e)"$%(á$a !++$ *r6'<+n;e *?

%*(( $%in(e <e)"'da(a('anna 'á($%"((9 Enne i)en +rdee$ +$ je'?'e<% 8+'dájá( 'á(j= <ajd a% an)"'?a<eriai A('an(i Jar(a (ár?);a'á$ain, de erre <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9 R""$e&e'( a%( i$ >e'i$<er(e,+$ e% ne< i$ &"'( ('$á)"$an ne+%, "); A<eria a!!+'i $%6?$+)'e(eine ie'+)Q(+$e U$a e); &i'á)<+re(P á(rende%d+$!en 'e?e($+)e$9 N;i'&án&a':, "); enne raUi"ná'i$ "ai( i';en n;er$en<e)>")a'<a%&a 8=!'iá'ni ne< 'ee(9 r")ra<!a &+(e'e U$a j:'an)%: je'$%a&aa' 'ee($+)e$9 A &i'á) enne a8U$án $%e<!e$6'

a%%a' a <indeni á'(a' i$<er( (+nn;e', "); a );ar<a(i n+8e ra!?$%"')a$"r!an +'ne +$ >e'$%a!adQ(á$= <inden+88en id$%erP +$$%6$+)e$9 A >ranUiá a%"nna' >e'i$<eri a <e)&á'("%"(( a<eriaire("ria &e$%+';ei(9 A% an)"'" iná!! U$a !e'8"'i(iai 8r"8a?)andána +r%i9-inde((' >6))e('en6' a% an)"'?>ranUia "r<án; U$a N+<e(?"r$%á) i$<+(e'( á!"r$ 'ei)á%á$á!an )"nd"'"di9 ); &+'i,"); a );ar<a("!:' a%a$%á''Q("(( n;er$an;a)" +$ ener)ia"r?d"%: ie)+$%6'&e N+<e("r$%á) *r**$ +$%8+n%!e'i j:&á(+(e'+?&e' !i%("$Q(ja <ajd a% á''a<&e%e(+$ <inden +n;e'<+(, a% an;a"r?$%á) 'a"$$á)ána a <e)e'+)ede(($+)e% $%6$+)e$ j: +'e($%Qn&"?na'á(9 E r*&id'á(: 8"'i(ia Q&ei ); &+'(+ e); N+<e("r$%á)+$ $%*&e($+)i *rn;e%e(e e''eni );%(e$ á!"r&a' e% rea'i%á'a(:93@A an;a(':!an '+& >ranUia di8'"<áUia *nn;en en)edi á( a% erre



&"na("%: e%de<+n;e%+$( a% an)"' di8'"<áUiána9 Anná' i$ in?á!!, <er( a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r i8r"&"á'á$ána +r(e'<i $%er%jei$ a% an)"' "r<án; &"'(9 A á!"r <e)&Q&á$á"% $%6$+)e$ '+(?$%á<"( a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r"% a$"n':an a e<+n; di(a(rá&a'

+%!en (ar("(( $%"&je( 'a"$$á) !i%("$Q(ja <ajd9 A S%"&je(=ni:id*%!en <e)&á'("%"(( (ár$ada'")ja aadá';á( +8e%ni93A -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBOR.IROVO.ÁLÁSAA% an)"' "r<án; ed&e% 'ee($+)ne (ar("((a, "); <in(A<eriá!an, de 6'*n*$en N+<e("r$%á)!an $%in(e e); id!en#

1339 +& e%de(+n "';an a(a'<i &á'(á$ *&e(e%e(( !e, a<e'; a"rá!!i "r<án;%á$$a' $%e<!en a'a8&e( irán;&á'(á$( irde(e((<e)9 Hi('er <ár a(a'"<ra j=(á$a e'(( <e)a(ár"%(a N+<e("r$%á)e);e('en 'ee($+)e$ (já(# a &er$ai''e$i )a%da$á)i +$ 8"'i(iai %$ar?n"$á) >e'$%á<"'á$á(9 An)'ia ); &+'(e, a n+<e( <"%)"':dá$ $e?)Q(i (er&ei(9 N+<e("r$%á) 'e);%+$e ne< je'en( <ajd "<"'; aadá';(,i$% !i%("$an $%á<Q(a( &"'( );ar<a(a, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" $e)Q(?

$+)+re9 S%en(6' i((e, "); An)'ia á!"r$ "n>'i(=$!a e&ered+?$e e$e(+n, A<eria a'ad+ n+'6' !e'+8 a á!"r!a, (er<+$%e(e?$en &e'e $%*&e($+)!en9 A S%"&je(=ni: 8edi) .e'e(?E=r:8ai (er? je$%ed+$+ne 'ee($+)++r( $%á<"'a('an=' 6'di a("nái( N+<e(?"r$%á) 'e);%+$+e%9An)'ia 8edi) a );%(e$ á!"r &+)+n a% á'(a'a &e%e(e(( !+e?(ár);a'á$"n +n;e?ed&e $%erin( "$%(ja $%+( a <á$" á'(a' *'+!e 8"((;an("(( %$á<án;(9 7e'6'e(e$ &i%$)á':dá$ a'a8ján a% e'$ &i?'á)á!"r =(áni a'i) +( +&(i%ed a'a(( ia'a='( e';%e( erre adni'á($%"(( n+"n("$a!!a( e<'Q($6# A 'á(a(a('an &i'á)a?(a'"< i+8Q(+$+n >árad"%: ne<%e(*%i $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';" $%á<á( i''e(en An)'ia <e$$%e <e)e'%i <+) a $%*&e($+)e$ 7ran?Uia"r$%á)"( i$9 L"nd"n!:' ); (Pn(, "); a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r$"$%("%"dá$ 'e)>!! (er&e%je a ári$i Grand Orien$ Na);8á"';



a >ranUia di8'"<áUia &e%e( $%ere8+ne e'&e$%(+$+&e' =);anU$a <á$"di e';re $%"r='( a% an)'iai na);8á"';"a' $%e<!en97"n("$ *r6'<+n;, "); a Ui"ni$(a a &i'á)$%*&e($+) *%8"n(ja i$L"nd"n!an $%+e'9

A S%"&je(=ni:!an '+& rende%e('en á''a8"(" U$a n;erne e); An)'iá&a' &a': e);6((<P*d+$$e', i$%en <ár eddi) i$ je'+(ad(a >e'(+(e' n+'6'i a'á&e(+$+( a% an)"' di8'"<áUia ie)+$%Q(+$+?e%9 A re)enerá':d: a<eriai )a%da$á) a(a'<a$ adi(er<e'+$e40 8iaUi a'a8"n &a': !ea8U$"'á$a e); j á!"r e$e(+n e); 8i''ana(?ra $e< 'ee( +($+)e$9.6'*n*$en a% an)"' $%a!ad<P&e$$+) %á$%':$aj:jána

$%á<Q(: J=rUi'' $%*&*)e((e e%ee( a "<!ináUi:a(9 J$a");a $%i<a(á!an <e));en)6'( *re) r:a r"$$%=' Q(+'(e <e) a e';%e?(e(9 An)'ia e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ 8ar(nerei ne<U$a a% e''en$+)e$ "'?da'"n, de $%*&e($+)e$ei e$e(+!en i$ <á$"9 A <á$i e<!er 8edi)$"a$e< )"nd"'"di =);an);, <in( e'dje9 A% e'$ &i'á)á!"?r( 'e%ár: 8ári$i !+e$%er%d+$ a$%(a'á(:' =);an 6re$ +%%e' 6'd?(+ a%a i'$"n a<eriai e'n**(, de R""$e&e'( <+) e%( a $%á<'á(i$ i>i%e((e(i9 S%(á'in 8edi) ne< J=rUi'' aján'a(ai =(án a8"d,

a%"a( U$a e'>")adja9 Nei R""$e&e'( a% i)a%i 8ar(nere9 Ná'a a'?=dja i <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ >i%e($+)+(9 An)'ia =);an 124?!ena na);a(a'<a *%6' e'$ne '+(e$Q( di8'"<áUiai a8U$"'a("( aS%"&je(=ni:&a', de e% a ere$ede'6))?&+n;+!en 6'*n*$ in)ad"%á$( <=(a(9 125?!en <e)$%aQ(ja, <ajd12?!en i$<+( e';reá''Q(ja a8U$"'a(ai(9 A<eria ne< $ie(e(( aS%"&je(=ni: di8'"<áUiai e'i$<er+$+&e'9 A<i"r err' ne< i&a?(a'"$an 6'*n!*% a'a'<aa' $%: e$e((, <inden e$e(!en a 200<i''i: d"''ár <e)>i%e(+$+( e<'e)e((+, a<e';e( Uári ad:$$á)+n(Lenin+ <e)(a)ad(a9 R""$e&e'( <ár e'n*+ &á'a$%(á$a e'(( i$e''en$+)e$ +r%6'e((e' &i$e'(e(e(( /a8án irán(9 E'n*+n( 8edi) <ár i&a(a'!a '+8+$+( *&e(en >")'a'"%"(( e); <ajdani /a8áne''ene$á!"r )"nd"'a(á&a'9 E (á&'a(i (er&e &+)reaj(á$á!an $%á<"'( aS%"&je(=ni: >e'a$%ná'á$ára9 É88en e%+r( );"r$ d*n(+$( "%"(( adi8'"<áUiai a8U$"'a(" e';reá''Q(á$ára, a<e'; 1339 n"&e<!er



1?án <e) i$ (*r(+ni9 R""$e&e'( ); )"nd"'(a, e%%e' a )e$%(=$$a'e);!en rá!Qrja a% "r"$%"a( ad:$$á)= i>i%e(+$+re i$9 A di8'"<á?Uiai a8U$"'a(" >e'&+(e'+( +rin( (ár);a'á$""n e!!en <e) i$ á'?'a8"dna9 Enne e''en+re e!!' a <ai na8i) $e< 'e(( $e<<i, 8e?

di) Da&ie$ a<eriai na);*&e( e'(( erre <a)a S%(á'in i$ Q)+re(e((e((9 3R""$e&e'( a S%"&je(=ni:&a' &a': j (Q8=$ a8U$"'a( i+8Q(+?$+( "';an >"n("$na (ar("((a, "); 13?!an na);*&e(e+n(/"$e8 E9 Da&ie$ $%e<+';e$ !ará(já( 6'di -"$%&á!a, ai ne< i$di8'"<a(a, ane< j")á$% +$ )a%da$á)i $%ae<!er9 E"r <+) a3 Da&ie$# -"$%&ai je'en(+$ 2@09 "'d941

/a8án )a%da$á) á!"r$ ia8U$"'á$a e'$d'e)e$ >"n("$$á))a' !Qr(R""$e&e'( e'+8%e'+$ei!en9 Á'(a'á!an a% e<!ere na8':j= r+$%+?re $"a' $%in(+!!e, <in( a i&a(a'"$ +rin(e%+$ei!en9 Da&ie$1359 á8ri'i$ ?+n e'( na8':ja $%erin( H"=$e e%rede$ <e)'á(")a(á?$a"r Q); &a'' <"$%&ai 6'de(+$+r'#FA<eriai $%e<8"n(!:' U$e88e( $e< *%*<!*$, a ja8án+rd+$ <ia(( i$ >"n("$ a% "r"$% &i$%"n;" <e)i$<er+$e +$+r(+e'+$e9 );ana"r +'+nen >i);e'i a% e=r:8ai >ej?

'e<+n;ee( i$9 E); N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!en &Q&"(( á!"?r $"a' na);"!! 'ee($+)ee( Qná'9 E% e$e(!en a á? !"r$ "n>'i(=$( i&á'(: An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) <in?den+88en rá$%"r=' a% a<eriai adi$%á''Q(á$"ra9 E'?=(a%á$a e'(( R""$e&e'( U$a'ádia$ (ead+'=(ánra Q&(a <e)a 7e+r Há%!a Da&ie$(9 Teá%á$ =(án a% e'n* d"')"%:?$%"!ájá!a &"n='(a, a"' R""$e&e'( $%e<+';e$ =(a$Q(á?$"a' 'á((a e'9 .+r(e, "); a >"n("$ 6);e!en *%&e('e?n6', a 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=< ii(a(á$á&a' (áj+"%(a$$a91359 jan=ár 2?i na8':je);%e(+!en Q); &a'' err'# F999<+)8edi) e'$$"r!an arr:' (=d:$Q($a<, "); <ind a("?nai, <ind )a%da$á)i $%e<8"n(!:' <i';en er$ne Q(+'e<<e) a S%"&je(=ni: je'en'e)i "r<án;%a(á(9 Ne< e&+$!+>"n("$ anna <e)>i);e'+$e i$, "); <i';en <a)a(ar(á$((an$Q(ana a% "r"$% "r<án; e); e=r:8ai á!"r e$e?



(+n9 4); (Pni (eá(, "); a Uári ad:$$á)" <e)>i%e(+$e =);an("&á!!ra i$ >"n("$, de &e$%Q(e(( je'en($+)+!'9 A ja8án +$ e=r:8aiá!"r i8r"&"á'á$a <*)+ $"r"'(á9

S%(á'in $%"Uia'i$(a á''a<a a &i'á) 'e)er$e!! a8i(a'i$(a a?(a'<aina /"'i /"er+&+ &á'(9 An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) i$ &e'eaarja <e)n;erni a N+<e("r$%á) e''eni á!"r(9 );ana"r a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" /a8án e''en Q&ánja a(a'<a$ e<!er(ar(a'+ai(>e'a$%ná'ni, e);!en N+<e("r$%á) 'e);%+$+!' i$ 'e)na);"!!a$%n"( %ni9 -i&e' N+<e("r$%á)r:' U$a e); !r( 'ee( 'e%ni,e á!"r 6r6);+n +88en an)"' +$ >ranUia $%*&e($+)e$+( i);e$%i 4 Da&ie$# Id+%e(( <P 239 "'d9

42<ajd <e)"8a$%(ani9 R""$e&e'( (er&e rendQ&6' 6);e$, =);ana?"r na);"n i$ e);$%erP9-ai (=dá$=n a'a8ján <"$"';")&a U$"dá'j=9 /: +r%+e'$ej(i <e), "); Or"$%"r$%á) <i';en a(a'<a$, <"nda(ni (*r(+?ne'e' Da&ie$6'de(+$+(, ne<6'*n!en $%e<+';i$+)+(9 -inden( e'*&e%ne an?na +rde+!en, "); e'n;erj+ Da&ie$ $%i<8á(iájá(9 ); +r%i

raj(a $" <'a(9 I"nri(a$á)" (*<e)+&e' +$ e);+! +r(+e$ <P?(ár);aa' "rr=<8á'já9 Ha'á'a =(án Da&ie$ <P);Pj(e<+n;+!'er6' e' Na); .a(a'in Uárn );+<án("a' ira"(( der+*&e i$9 Da&ie$ 6);e$en ad(a e' a%(, a<ine a &á$ár'á$ára 6'd(+ -"$%&á!a9 A á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án S%(á'in <+) a Lenin Rend?de' i$ i(6n(e(i, a<i 8edi) e!!en a% id!en 8e$(ie$en $%:'&a#a%+r( ne< $e<<iM Err' a $%Q&+';e$ a8U$"'a(r:' Da&ie$ Q); Qr 1359 a=)=$%(=$ 10?+n S(e8en Ear';?ne#F.Qn"$ 'e'ii$<ere(e$$+))e' i);e$%e< !e(ar(ani a% e'?n* =(a$Q(á$ai( 999 Or"$%"r$%á) i>eje%e(( r""n$%en&&e'e%e' !enn6ne(, <e';e( a <a)=n r+$%+r' (er<+$%e(e$ena 'e)<e'e)e!!en &i$%"n"%=n9 E% e); na8"n !i%"n;"$(á&"'?e'e(i >ej'd<+n;ee', &a); (a'án E=r:8á&a' a8?U$"'a(!an i$ je'en($+)e( n;ere( i (=djaM A /a8ánna' &a': 'e$%á<"'á$ á''and: (+<ája <arad a% a<eri?



ai &e%e(+$ )"nd"'a(&i'á)ána9 Da&ie$( id*%!en Br6$$%e'!ee';e%(+, de i(( i$ (*!!e( >")'a'"%i a S%"&je(=ni: á!"r$ >e'?a$%ná'á$á&a', <in( a% á''"<á$e';+n ad:d: >e'ada(ai&a'9 139 jan=ár 1@?án Qrja Harr; H"8in$?na, R""$e&e'( 'e)>!! !i%a'<a?

$ána#F999*%*$ +rdee a $%"&je(ne +$ "r<án;=nna, "); /a8án <ia(( a +( a(a'"< e);<á$$a' j: &i$%"n;!aná''j"n9 5Hi('er n+<e("r$%á)i a(a'"<ra j=(á$á&a' a% an)"'" +$ >ranUi?á j: e$+';( 'á(na a á!"r i(*r+$+re9 Ne< +$'eedne, er'(e? 7ara$ V'a);i<ir $%e<+';e$ *%'+$e Da&ie$# Id+%e(( e);&ere%+$!e >")na9 Bár a );%(e$e di(á'(a (*r(+ne(Qrá$(*!!, <in( *(&en +&e a%( $%aj:%%a, "); N+<e("r$%á) +$%6'( aá!"rra +$ e$%e&e$%e(( >e);&ere%+$!e >")"((9 Enne +88en a%e''ene%je i)a%9 N+<e("r$%á) U$=8án *&e(ni +n;$%er6'( e''en?>e'ei 'á%a$ >e);&ere%+$+(9 Had á''j"n i(( enne !i%"n;Q(á$ára e);$%er+n; $%á<$"r, a<e';e( ne< n+<e(, ane< +88en an)"' iad?

&án;!:' &e((6n á(9 Sajn"$ a% ada($"r a% E);e$6'( á''a<" >e);?&ere$ +$%6'd+$+( ne< (ar(a'<a%%a, de n+an(á%iá&a' <e''++8%e'e(j69 @É& An)'ia 7ranUia"9 S%"&je(=ni: N+<e("9.a("nai re86')+8132 44 `400 2 313 5 40 313 10 3@2 @ 2 ?Had$ere) X>Y132 12000 !9 30000 2000 10000013 235 000 00 000 100 000 530 000A n+<e( )a%da$á) );"r$ "n$%"'idáUi:ja =(án N+<e("r$%á)a% erre &"na("%: (ár);a'á$"$ rende%+$ <e)i$='á$á( *&e(en<e)e%di a &er$ai''e$i di(á(=< 8"'i(iai !i'inU$eine $%+((*r+$+(i$9 E'$ne a !+e$%er%d+$!en <e)(i'("(( "$%(rá?n+<e( =ni:e';reá''Q(á$á( rea'i%á'ja, a<e'; a% O$%(rá An$U'=$$ n+&en &á'i



i$<er((+9 A +( n+<e(n;e'&P á''a< e);e$6'+$e <ind+( n+8 &a':diaara(á!:' 13@9 <árUi=$ 13?án ie(e('en );"r$a$á))a' <e);&+)!e9 An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) <inden 'á(&án;"$ (i'(a"%á$ n+'?6' (=d"<á$=' &e$%i9

A *&e(e% '+8+$ a reá'( J$e$%'"&áiá"% U$a("'( 3, <i'?'i: $%Qn n+<e( 'a"$$a' !Qr: S%=d+(a?&id+ &i$$%a$%er%+$e 'e$%9Bár &i$%"n;'a) r*&id id a'a(( +$ !++$en e% i$ <e)(*r(+ni, *?r6'<+n;ei <+)i$ $"a' rej(e'<e$e!!e9 Érde<e$ e); r*&id 'eQrá$ere(+!en >")'a'"%ni &e'e9); (Pni a J$e$%'"&á "r<án; !e &"'( a&a(&a N+<e("r?$%á) á!"r$ e'e8U+!e U$a'")a(á$ána (er&+!e9 Ve%e(ine *%?i$<er( $%a!ad<P&e$$+)e erre <ár *n<a)á!an i$ +($+)!e&"n?

@ Te Ti<e$ A('a$% ? -á$"di &i'á)á!"r Aad+<iai .iad: B89 31 "'d944a(a('an !i%"n;Q(+9 A 7ranUia"r$%á) +$ a S%"&je(=ni: á'(a' na);?<+r(+!en (á<")a("(( U$e$%'"&á ader e!!en a% id!en <ind$%á<á(, <ind >e);&er%e(+( (ein(&e &e(eede((, a =);an <e) ne<a'ad(a a er<aU( erej+(9 A "r<án;%a( (=d(á&a', de 'ee(, ");e);ene$ =(a$Q(á$ára a% =(:!!i e); +&!en a $%=d+(an+<e( 'a"$$á)6'*n!*% <:d"n &a': %a'a(á$a á''and:$='( +$ na8r:'?na8ra n*?

&eede((9 Enne Qre $%á<"$ >"rrá$!:' e'j=("(( a n+<e( "r<án;?"%9 Hi('er +r(e(en a &er$ai''e$i !+e!Qr:"% >"rd='( a e';%e("r&"$'á$a +rde+!en9 A% an)"' "r<án; <e)!Q%á$á!:' R=nUi<an13@9 j'i=$ 2?+n $%e<+';e$ 'á(")a(á$ra a S%=d+(a?&id+re =(a?%i9 A 8ana$%"'( e';%e( &a':$á)á( <a)a i$ <e)á''a8Q(ja9 /e'en(+?$+!en j")"$na i$<eri e' N+<e("r$%á) *&e(e'+$ei(9 A U$e$%'"?&á a(:$á)" <e)>+e%+$+re a%"n!an $e<en;e)e(+$i) <e);9 Érdee$ <:d"n e((' ne<a (i%en*( <i''i:$ J$e$%'"&áia &e%e(i re((enne <e), ane< an;"'U&an <i''i:$ N+<e("r$%á) ad$ere)+ne &e%e(i9 -+)8edi)a%+r(, <er( a% er$ >ranUia? +$ $%"&je( $%*&e($+))e' (á<")a("((U$e$%'"&á ader&e' $%e<!en a 'e)i$e!! );%e'enn9 A n+<e( (á!"rn"" <inden er>e$%Q(+$e =dar?U"( &a''"(( Hi('er <e));%+$+( i''e(en9 .+($+)!ee$+$6!en ne<



'á((a <á$ <e)"'dá$(, <in( j:' $%er&e%e(( <er+n;'e((e', &a); 8=UU$a' >+'reá''Q(ani a >e'!$%Q(e(( Hi('er(9 E%e a der+ n+<e( (á? !"rn"" $%in(+n i((e a% an)"' "r<án; !+eaara(á!an, e%+r( !a'$%erenU$+j6re a a("nai (i("$$%"')á'a( (ján (er&6!e a% an?

)"' (i("$$%"')á'a("n ere$%(6' !ea&a((á a '"nd"ni "r<án;( i$9Á< a% an)"' "r<án; 'e)!e'$!! a!ine(je ne< *r6'( a n+<e( (á? !"rn"" (er&+ne, $"a' iná!! +($+)!ee$e(( <ia((a9 e( ne<+rde'i a n+<e(e !++$ <e)"'dá$a, nei <indenár"n á!"re''9 A% ! e<!er6 Hi('erM G;"r$ d*n(+$( "%na9 Hi('er( <e) e''<en(eni9 .er6'j*n !ár<i!e9 Ja<!er'ain an)"' <ini$%(ere'n* 13@9 $%e8(e<!er *%e8+n a% e)+$% &i'á)"( á<='a(!a ej(&e !eje?'en(i, "); a S%=d+(a?&id+ 8r"!'+<ájána <e)"'dá$a U+'já!:'

'á(")a(á$( (e$% Hi('ern+'9 N+<e( "r<án;%a(i (+n;e% "ra!e'i&i$$%ae<'+e%+$ $%erin( Ja<!er'ain ir(e'en j*(( !eje'en(+$e <+)Hi('er( i$ na);"n <e)'e8(e9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( (=d(á a% an)"'<ini$%(ere'n* <+) +'e(+!en ne< 6'( re86')+8en, $ i>eje%e((en !i%a'<a('an a '+)i *%'eed+$$e' $%e<!en9 E '+'e(ani aadá';4+n;$%erP 'e6%d+$e <ár *n<a)á!an i$ $ej(e(i a% an)"' a!ine(e'a(ár"%á$ána rendQ&6' na); >"n("$$á)á(9 A !erU(e$)adeni

'á(")a(á$( e); +( <'&a Ja<!er'ain )"de$!er)i (ár);a'á$a *?&e(i, <ajd $%e8(e<!er 2?+n +$ 30?án Ja<!er'ain, Da'adier,Hi('er +$ -=$$"'ini r+$%&+(e'+&e' <e)(ar(já a <6nUeni "n>e?renUiá(, a"' <e)á''a8"dna a S%=d+(a?&id+ N+<e("r$%á)na &a': á(adá$á!an9 Ja<!er'ain +$ Da'adier >ranUia <ini$%(ere'n* >e'a(a'<a%%á Hi('er( +$ -=$$"'ini(, "); a <a);ar +$ 'en);e'i)+n;e ie'+)Q(+$+re $ajá( a(á$*r6!en "%%ana d*n(+$(9 Ér?dee$ne <"nda(:, "); a <6nUeni "n>erenUiára J$e$%'"&á?iá( ne< Q&já <e), de <+) U$a <e) $e< +rde%i9 A <6nUeni $%Qnjá(+a' a% an)"' +$ >ranUia <ini$%(ere'n* a.e'e(?E=r:8ai "r<án;"na e);+r(e'<Pen (=d"<á$ára "%(a,"); a% á'(a'= <e)(er&e%e((, e'j*&end <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an"', <e'; $%*&e($+)i rend$%er!en &an a e';69 NinU$ +r(e'<e,"); )e"8"'i(ia e';%e(6 (*r&+n;$%erP$+)e e''en+re a n;=)a(i$%*&e($+) >e'+ "rien(á':djana, "(( ere$$+ a%áj= "'(a'<á(9 Or?



$%á)ai á!"r =(áni iár=$Q(á$a <ár <e)(*r(+n(9 A% an)"' "r?<án; e%%e' -a);ar"r$%á)"( e);+r(e'<Pen n+<e( >6))$+)i e';?%e(!e "%(a9A <a);ar "r<án;%a( enne <+) >+'re+r(e(e('ene!! !i%"?

n;Q(+á&a' (a'á'ja <a)á( $%e<!en 1419 á8ri'i$ e'ej+n9 -i&e' -a?);ar"r$%á) )e"8"'i(iai e';%e(+re (ein(e((e' +8(e'en i<aradni N+<e("r$%á) /=)"$%'á&ia e''eni "n>'i(=$á!:', a% an)"' "r<án;<e)$%aQ(ja di8'"<áUiai a8U$"'a(á( a%ána'9 BarU%a G;*r);'"nd"ni *&e(6n J=rUi''n+' (e(( !U$'á(")a(á$án a <ini$%(er?e'n* +88en !e$%+de$ ed&+!en &an9 BarU%a e'(( Q); n;i'a("%i#F999 ne6n <"$( 'e)na);"!! e''en$+)6n a i('eri N+?<e("r$%á)9 L+(+rd+$ $%á<=nra, "); 'e);%%6 +$ en?

ne +rde+!en a e'' >+' E=r:8á( !"'$e&i%á'j=9Enne <e)+r(+$+e% ne< e'' (' na); >an(á%ia9 A á!"r=(ánirende%+$ &a':!an J=rUi'' +rdeein <e)>e'e'en (*r(+n(9-+)i$ !enn6ne( (ar(ana á!"r$ !Pn*$ne9Hi('erne a% an)"' "r<án; á'(a' (*r(+n( <e)<en(+$e +(?$+)(e'en6' )"nd"'"d:!a ej(e((e a j:%an '")iá&a' )"nd"'"d: R"!er(" Ba((a)'ia# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r (*r(+ne(e 259 "'d94

n+<e( (á!"rn""a( i$9 Há(a <+)i$ Hi('er %a&ar"$ 8"'i(iai "<? !ináUi:i j"!!a, <in( $ajá( +$%+r&eiW A% ered<+n;e 'e)a'á!! i$e%( <=(a(já9 A Ja<!er'ain 'á(")a(á$ idej+re id%Q(e(( 8=UU$ (er?<+$%e(e$en e'<arad(9 E); i';en ered<+n;ee' eU$e)(e( ne<?%e(*%i (ár);a'á$ ideje a'a'<a('an a% á''a< 'e)>!! &e%e(je e''e?ni er$%a"$ >e''+8+$re9 A <6nUeni "n>erenUia <inden &ára"?%á$( >e'6'<': ered<+n;e 8edi) "$$% idre $%á<P%*(( <indenHi('er e''eni )"nd"'a("(9 É88en a n+<e( ader &e%e( (á!"rn"ai&i$e'(e((e <indaddi) a 'e)na);"!! !i%a'<a('an$á))a' a% j n+?<e( 8"'i(iai &e%e(+$$e', 6'*n*$+88en Hi('erre' $%e<!en9 -6n?Uen =(án a%"n!an +n;(e'en?e''e('en 'e e''e(( &"nni= a <e)?>e'e' *&e(e%(e(+$ee(9 -e) i$ (e((+M Hi('er( e'>")ad(á N+<e(?"r$%á) &e%+r+ne, <ajd &a'a<i&e' +$!! a ader >8aranU$n"?ána i$9 A% an)"' "r<án; i&á': !e>e(e(+$e <e)"%(a anna Q&án( );6<*'U$+(9 Hi('er a 'e)j"!! !i%(a(á$( a8(a a n+<e( e%?



de<+n;e%+$P &i'á)á!"r <e)indQ(á$á"%9Hi('er +$ -=$$"'ini +'&e a Ja<!er'ain +$ Da'adier á'(a' ad"((>e'a(a'<a%á$$a', a% e'$ !+U$i d*n(+$ne ne&e%e(( a(ár<:d"$Q(á$r+&+n &i$$%aad(a -a);ar"r$%á)na a (rian"ni !+edi(á(=<<a'

e'"!%"(( >e'&id+ e); $%er+n; r+$%+(9 Bár $%a!ade%e( a8"((,<+)i$ e'+) $%P<arna !i%"n;='(9 -+) Jian" "'a$% 6'6);<i?ni$%(er i$ na);"!! e<8á(iá( !i%"n;Q("((9 A &i$$%aU$a("'( (er6'e(e j a(ár&"na'aina <e)%á$áná' j: &a$(a)e);P Uer=%á( a$%ná'(+$ a% a(=$"n r+$%(&e& <a);ar 6'd*(($+) (a)jaina e'<"ndá$a$%erin( a Uer=%a e);+ne &a$(a)$á)a <indi) a ja&=nra %(a a$%+'e$ &"na'a(9 (:'a) i$ <a);ar (i$%(e'e((e' e<'+e%6n a +$!!(ra)i=$ $"r$ Jian"?ra9

);?a"); Len);e'"r$%á) i)+n;+( i$ ie'+)Q(e((+9 J$e$%'"?&áia 6);e <+)$e< er6'( 'e a% e=r:8ai 8"'i(ia $a(á!'ájár:'9 A);%(e$e á'(a' Qr( +$ a &e$%(e$ene $=)a''( (*r(+ne(Qrá$!an 6'*?n*$ e';e( >")'a' e' a% );ne&e%e(( F<arad+ J$e$%'"&áia n+?<e( !ee!e'e%+$e9 A (*r(+ne'e< irán( +rde'd na);*%*n$+)i';en ne&e($+)e$ <:d"n &a': F<e)e(e(+$e <ár *n<a)á!an i$<e)+rdje'e%i a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r (e'je$ (*r(+ne(Qrá$ána 'e)?i$e!! i(e'+( i$9 Lá$$=, ");an i$ (*r(+n( &a':já!an# Érdee$ Qr

"'&a$a(: a -a);ar"r$%á)"n <e)je'en .a("'i=$ S%e<'e >"';:?ira( 13@9 <áj=$i $%á<á!an9 A 6'8"'i(iai r:nia r"&a(!an $%:$%erin( a% a'á!!iaa( "'&a$a(j=#45FS%á<"$ je' <=(a( arra, "); a 8rá)ai "r<án; a na);er&e' >e''+8 $%=d+(an+<e(ene adand: en)ed<+n;e?e' $%ere(ne <e)$%a!ad='ni a (*!!i i$e!!$+) *&e(e'+?$+ne (e'je$Q(+$+('9 S( <e) e'' i(( e<'+e%n6n e); +r?dee$ "<!ináUi:r:', a<e'; a -anUe$(er G=ardian!an+$ a Te<8$ 8rá)ai 'e&e'e%j+ne (=d:$Q(á$á!an 'á("((na8&i'á)"(9 E% a "<!ináUi: arr:' $%:', "); J$e"r$%á?)"( a <a)a e)+$%+!en !e'e("'já a n+<e( !ir"da'"<!a +$rá)á!an n+<e(?U$e "r<án; a'a='9-e)i$<+(e'j6, 13@9 <áj=$á( Qrj=9 7en(i Qr erede(e a&i>"';:ira(r:' '+&+n $%:, 'e)a'á!! e); :na88a' "rá!!i e'' 'e);en9



);ana"r e% a F!e("'a"dá$ a U$e "r<án; i>eje%e(( +r+$+?re U$a e); +& <'&a 139 <árUi=$ 1?+n rea'i%á':di U$e?<"r&a 8r"(e("rá(=$ ne&P >")a'"< a'a((9 Va);i$ Hi('er +$ a n+<e("r<án; enn;i idei) á''( e''en a U$ee !e:d"'á$i (*re&+$+ne9

Enne (=d(á&a' *nn;en +$ >+'re+r(e(e('en6' +r(e'<e%e( Hi('er n;aa(eer( >"rdQ(á$!an $%aj:%"(( n;i'a("%a(a, <i$%erin( FÉnne< aar" (*!! U$eee(M -i=(án a (*!!i J$e$%'"&áiá!a);*<*$%*'( 'e)na);"!! i$e!!$+)e (*!!+?e&+$!+ &i$$%an;er(+ a $%a!ad$á)=a(, a "rá!!an d+de')e(e(( !e("'a"dá$i (er& (='aj?d"n+88en a(=a'i(á$á( &e$%(e((e9 -i+r( &"'( rá $%6$+) <+)i$W Ha>e'id+%%6 a 8r"(e("rá(=$ '+(rej*((+ne *r6'<+n;ei(, &a'a<in( a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(áni n+<e(e''ene$ +r&ee(, <ári$ <e)a8?

j= a &á'a$%(9 Ti$" 139 <árUi=$ 14?+n 8r"'a<á'ja S%'"&áia e'?$%aadá$á( J$e$%'"&áiá(:' +$ a $%'"&á á''a< <e)a'a='á$á(9A%na8 +j$%aa +re%i Ber'in!e HáUa U$e e'n* 6'6);<ini$%?(er+&e' +$ a% +j$%aai (ár);a'á$" ered<+n;e+88en !eje'en(i aU$e?<"r&a (er6'e(e n+<e( 8r"(e("rá(=$$á a'a='á$á(9 -á$na8 an+<e( U$a8a(" !e&"n='na a 8r"(e("rá(=$ (er6'(+re9 .i e''an)$';"%ni a (ár);a'á$" <en(e$e &"'(a !ár<i';en n+<e( 8"?'i(iai n;"<á$(:'9 A U$e e'n*ne +$ 6'6);<ini$%(er+ne á''an?

d:an *%&e('en (e'e>"n*$$%e*((e(+$( !i%("$Q("((a rá)á&a', a"'e);idejP'e) a "r<án; 6'+$e%e(( +$ "%%ájár='( a U$e e'n* <e)?á''a8"dá$á"%9 A U$e &e%e( &a':$%QnP a%+r( &á'a$%("((á a $%"?a('an +j$%aai id8"n("(, "); a Q&6'á'':!an a%( $ej(e$$+,"); n+<e( n;"<á$ra U$e'eed(e9 E% a $%á<Q(á$ a <ai na8i)=ra'ja N+<e("r$%á) e''en>e'ei(94@ N+<e("r$%á) e''en>e'ei 8edi) arra a$%ná'(á a U$ee <a?)a(ar(á$á(, "); !i%"n;)a$$á# Hi('erre' ne< $%a!ad $%er%d+$e?e( *(ni, <er( );$e< (ar(ja !e a%"a(9 Lá< a'i) e); >+'+&&e'<+) a%( !i%"n;)a((a, ");# Fne< aar (*!! U$eee( +$ <"$( !e?e!e'e%(e a% F*$$%e$ U$eee(9De <+) e%%e' $e< e'+)ede(( <e) a% an)"'?>ranUia di8'"<á?Uia9 A% e)+$% &i'á)"( a%%a' á<Q("((a, "); ne< &"'na +r(e'<e N+?<e("r$%á))a' rende%ni +$ &i$$%aadni a &er$ai''e$i di(á(=<<a' e'?



"!%"(( (er6'e(ei(, i$%en );$e< e'+)edne <e) a%%a', <i&e' U+'jaa &i'á)=ra'"< <e)$%er%+$e9 Bi%"n;Q(ja e%( a% a (+n;, "); aS%=d+(a?&id+en Q&6' e$ U$e<"r&a (er6'e(e Q&6' e$ne a% e'?$ &i'á)á!"r( *&e( N+<e("r$%á) r"&á$ára <e)&a':$Q("(( (e?

r6'e(e e'"!%á$án9A% i)a%$á)"% "%%á(ar("%i, "); a S"da?<P&e adi(er?<e'+$!e &"ná$ána 'ee($+)e +($+)(e'en6' U$á!Q(:an a("((Hi('erre, de a $%Qn'e'( U$e aara( n+'6' ne< "Uá%(a((a &"'na<e) a á!"r&a' &a': <e)$%er%+$+(9E%( a% an)"'" +$ >ranUiá i$ na);"n j:' (=d(á, <i (*!!, a%"r"$%" (i("$ "%%ájár='á$a i$ !enne 'ee(e(( a 8a'i!an, i$%en(=dj= ne<r+) a S%"&je(=ni: re86'(ere( i$ +8Q(e(( J$e$%'"&á (e?

r6'e(en9 -a <ár (e'je$ <+r(+!en <e)á''a8Q(a(:, "); An)'ia +$7ranUia"r$%á) !i%(a((a +$ 6'd(e J$e"r$%á) &e%e(i( a N+<e("r?$%á))a' &a': e);e$6'+$re9 -a)a a 8r"(e("rá(=$i $(á(=$ je'%i, ");a% F=ni: '+(re"%á$a ne< e)+$%en An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á), &a?'a<in( a U$e &e%e( e'+8%e'+$i $%erin( *'(*(( >"r<á(9 J+'j=a(<+)i$ e'+r(+9 A 'a(in N+<e("r$%á) (e$(+!e !e(ran$%8'an(á'(a e);$%'á& ide)8á';á(, a<e'; !i%"n; a á!"r ideje a'a(( ne< e&+$ár( ""%"(( a% "r$%á) <P*d+$+!en9 -indenn+' j"!!an i)a%"'ja,

"); HáUa +$ "r<án;a 8r"(e("rá(=$i a'á&e(+$+( an)"'\>ranUia(anáU$ra (e((e, a á!"r !e>eje%+$+&e' a );%(e$ á''a<" *%+ $"?r"'(á9 E% a%"n!an ne< aadá';"%(a <e), "); a S%"&je(=ni: á'?(a' "rá!!an ia'=d"(( á!"r$ >i%e($+) r+$%+( +8e%%e9 );an?); a S%"&je(=ni: );ar<a(á&á a&a((á, <in( a F);%(e$ Len);e'?"r$%á)"(, &a); a &e$%(e$ -a);ar"r$%á)"(9 A 6'*n!$+) e%de(!enann;i &"'(, "); J$e$%'"&áia <en(e$6'( a $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$(:'9De <ie';( 'a%Q(ani 8r:!á'( );ar<a(i an(árain, 1@?!an a%( i$<e)a8(a9 E);+!+n( J$e$%'"&áia, <+) iná!! Len);e'"r$%á)<á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(áni Fja&ada'<a%á$a U$a((an:$ &á'a$%4<inda%" ""$"dá$ára, ai -a);ar"r$%á)na a%( &e(i $%e<+?re, "); <i+r( U$a('a"%"(( a n+<e( $%*&e($+)e%, $ <i+r( ne< aS%"&je(=ni:&a' 8r:!á'( &a'ae);&ere(' e<!er!en +$ne<%e(i ja&a!an $"a' na);"!! &e$%(e$+)e( $%en&ed9Len);e'"r$%á) e$e(e in( 8+'da+n( 'e!e)e(( a "ra!e'i <a?);ar &e%e(+$ e'((, iá!a rin)a((á &"'na <a)=a( i''%i:!an9

J$e"r$%á) *n+n(e$ U$a('a"%á$á( i)a%"'ja a% i$, "); $e< An)?'ia, $e< 7ranUia"r$%á), $e< a S%"&je(=ni: ne< e<e' e''ene i>"?)á$(, 8edi) <ind a ár"< na);a(a'"<na *'U$*n*$ $e)+';?n;j(á$i $%er%d+$e &an +r&+n;!en J$e$%'"&áiá&a'9Ha a 8r"(e("rá(=$ '+(rej*((+!en a n+<e(e a 'e)i$e!! n;"?<á$"% >"';a<"dna, a U$ee n;i'&án +r(+ &"'na $%*&e($+)e?$ei &+de'<+(9 E)+$% J$e$%'"&áiára Hi('erne ne< 'ee(e(($%6$+)e, i$% "ra!e'i $%ere8' &i$$%ae<'+e%+$+!' (=dj=,

"); Ti$"na ne< &"'( Qn;+re a% *ná'': $%'"&á á''a"rrá$"a(,a<e'; e); *ná'': á''a< n"r<á'i$ <P*d+$+e% $%6$+)e$e9 -a?)a Hi('er &"'(, ai S%'"&áia á''aenn(ar(á$ára *$%?(*n*%(e9 T*!!e *%*(( a%%a' 8r:!á'( rá a(ni, a ne< &á''a'já á''a<i$á)=a( a (er6'e(e( (e'je$ e)+$%+!en á(adja a <a);ar"na97e' $e< <er6'( Hi('er!en, "); a U$e 8r"(e("rá(=$$a' e);e$Q(&e$ajá( !e>"';á$a a'á &"nja9 edi) ); (Pni, erre a $%'"&á" na?

);"n i$ aj'"((a &"'na9A J$e$%'"&áiá&a' a8U$"'a("$ 6%de'<e 'e%ár:dá$á&a' j6r6);e( ere$ne N+<e("r$%á) á!"r!a rán)a(á$á"%9 Ee% a'e)a'a'<a$a!!na Len);e'"r$%á) 'á($%i, i$%en a ári$?*rn;+?i !+edi(á(=<" r+&+n jjá+'e$%(e(( Len);e'"r$%á) je'en($ 8"?%QUi:"% j=("(( a n+<e( +rdee $+re'<+&e'9 N+<e("r$%á) na);(en)eri i*(j+( Dan%i)"( );ne&e%e(( $%a!ad &ár"$$á (e((+,a<e';ne a$%ná'a(á( Len);e'"r$%á) $%á<ára i$ !i%("$Q("((á9I)a%, "); Len);e'"r$%á) (er6'e(e $e"' $e< &"'( a(ár"$Dan%i))a', de e% a 'e'e<+n;e$ F!+e "n$(r=(r*e( ne< "%(a%a&ar!a9 N+<e("r$%á) (er6'e(+!' 'en);e' >enna(:$á) a'á ren?de'(e e); je'en($ *%'eed+$i $á&"(, a% );ne&e%e(( "rrid"r(# Ne< ne+% <e)+r(eni, "); e%( a% irreá'i$ <e)"'dá$( +88en a%%a'a $%ánd+a' reá'(á, "); "(( !ár<i"r á!"r$ >e$%6'($+)e(0



$%Q($ana9 E% a% id a U$e$%'"&áiai e$e<+n;ee( *&e(en e'+r?e%e((9Ha a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r !e>eje% $%aa$%á!an a N+<e("r?$%á)"( <e)$%á'': $%"&je( U$a8a(" ne< ej(i F%$á<án;=' a $ajá(

8ri&á( !ir("án Dir$en N+<e("r$%á) '"nd"ni na);*&e(+ne ira?(ai( +$ anna +$!! a Fide)á!"r idej+n a S%"&je(=ni: 6'?6);<ini$%(+ri=<a e); r+$%+( ne< "%(a &"'na n;i'&án"$$á)ra,); ne< i$<ere(n+n a Len);e'"r$%á))a' a8U$"'a("$ $%+'á?<"$$á)na a%"a( a r+$%'e(ei(, a<e'; Dir$en, a i(Pn di8'"<a(a>i);e'<+( na);"n i$ >e'e'(e((e9-ár a -6nUeni?e);e%<+n;( *&e(en, de <+) a U$ee n+<e("r$%á)i !e("'a"dá$a e'(( 13@9 deUe<!er 1?i je'en(+$+!en

RaU%;n$i Len);e'"r$%á) '"nd"ni *&e(e >=rU$a je'en$+)re Q&ja>e' 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=<a >i);e'<+(9 +rde<e$ e); r*&id r+$%'e(e($%: $%erin( id+%ni#F99 <e) e'' á''a8Q(an"<, "); !i%"n;"$ id :(a, <ind a*%&+'e<+n;!en, <ind a e';i $aj(:!an $%er&e%e((ne 'á(?$%: adjára( ind='( <e), a<e'; "'"r<áUi:a(, $( rá)a'<a%: Qree( i$>e'a$%ná'&a i);e$%i ed&e%('en $%Qn!en >e'(6n(e(ni a

'en);e'?n+<e( &i$%"n;(9 Ne< e'' "%%á(enne<, ");<inde%e a >"nd"r'a("r"dá$" ár(ana a 8"'i(iai (e?in(+';6nne +$ i(e'6nne An)'iá!an9 10); (Pni a%"n!an e%((a' <ár A<eria i$ (e'je$ <+r(+!en !e&e(e((e 'e)>"n("$a!! >e);&er+( a de%in>"r<áUi:(9 RaU%;n$ii<+n(i je'en(+$+ne (+<a*re i$ erre =(a'9 7"rrá$á( i$ a% a<eriai6'*n'e)e$ ">>en%Q&á!an e'' ere$ni9 Ter<+$%e(e$en a% an)"'?>ranUia di8'"<áUia $e< <arad a%+r( (+('en9 Lá%a$an +$%6'dne a N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!eni adiá''a8"(ra9 A% an)"' "r<án; i$ $e?)Q( Len);e'"r$%á) 8"'i(iai !i%("n$á)+r%e(+ne <e)%a&ará$á!an9Bi%(a(á$ára a 'en);e' "r<án; 139 (a&a$%án e);<i''i: (ar(a'+?"$( <"%):$Q(, <ajd a n+<e( a(ár"n á''"<á$"%(a(9 E%%e' <e)in?d='na a *%*$ a(ár<en(+n a 'en);e' 8r"&"áUi:9 -e)(*r(+ni,"); 'en);e' á); (6%e'ne n+<e( U+'8"n("ra9 S( a "rrid"r 10 O<án;" +$ ada(" a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'%<+n;eir' II9 *(e( 24?



"'d91>e'e(( á(re86' n+<e( re86')+8ere9 139 n;arán e'+re%e((ne 'á((á a &á'$á) >e'$%Q(á$ána idej+(9 A N+<e("r$%á) e''eni rá)a?

'"<adjára( a (e'je$ '"nd"ni $aj(: *$$%(6%+!en U$U$ra jára(&a !e?ind='(9 A "r<án; !i%(a(á$ára a *%&+'e<+n;( á''and: i%)a'"<? !an (ar(ja9 A 8$%iU:%i$ra je''e<%, "); a% e$e('e)e$ !+6'+$i Q?$+r'e(ee( a%aár='á$na (ein(i9 A $aj(: a((raUi:ja (*!! =''á<? !an >"';(a(:di9 Dir$en jni=$ &+)+n a% a'á!!iaa( je'en(i#FA *%&+'e<+n; ann;ira >e' &an in)ere'&e, $ a á!"r$=$%Q(: +$ in(ri=$" ann;ira >e'6'ereed(e, "); a N+<e("r$%á))a' &a': (ár);a'á$" >"';(a(á$ána (er&+r'

$%:': Qr *%%+(+(e'e e$e(+n J=rUi'', &a); <á$ =$%Q(: a'ad+(a'an=' );i'"$ (6%e( indQ(anána +$ a%"nna' i?adná a je'$%:(# Le a <á$"di -6nUenne', &a); &e$$%ena !++'(e(+$ 8"'i(iája9 11j$á)Qr:i %$ar)"nna' a%( <"nda(nán, a e';%e( :rár:' :rárar"<'i, a >e$%6'($+) n((*n n9Dir$en na);*&e( 139 a=)=$%(=$á!an Qr( +&i *$$%e>")'a': je'en(+$+!en 8"n("!a $%ed&e e'e<%i a Dan%i) *r6' >e'"r!áU$"'(

&á'$á) ije$%( <+re(ei(9 A je'en(+$!' e<e'j6 i a 49 8"n( e);r+$%'e(+(#F49 A dan%i)i &á'$á) +$ a á!"r$ an)='a( n*&eed+$e9A 'e)6'*n!*%!! >"rrá$"!:' (á8'á'&a, U$a ); d'( a%an)"' $aj(:!a a a%=) Qre árada(a a Dan%i)!an *$$%e?&"n( 8ánU+'"$ ad(e$(er'9 A% "dairán;Q("(( ne+%(6%+r?$+)r', erdQ(<+n;e '+(e$Q(+$+r' +$ e);+!r'9 E% a% e'?'en$+)e$ $aj(:adjára( j'i=$ e'$ na8jai!an +r(e e' (e?(>"á(, a<i"r a% NITED RESS Qr6);n*$+)ne aDan%i) +$ Len);e'"r$%á) *%*((i &á'$á)r:', ='(i<á(=<r:'+$ a$"n':r:' $%:': +(&+)i &ar$:i je'en(+$ei &a':$á)"$ 8áni"( +$ &á'$á)an)='a("( e'(e((e L"nd"n!an9 Ana);*&e($+) U$aa<ar iderQ(e((e, "); a 8ánie'( a<eriai *r*!' er6'(e i, a<e';e (e&+en;$+)6e(a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" &ar$:i na);*&e($+)+n ere$%(6'



11 );an"(( II9 *(e( @9 "'d92>ej(e((+ i9 E'$ Q%!en er6'( (e'je$ &i'á)"$$á) arra, ");R""$e&e'( +rdee'&e &an a e';%e( i+'e%d+$+ne, i''e(&e

<a)ána a á!"rna +rd+$+!en9 12Ha <ár $ier6'( a% a<eriai di8'"<áUia &ar$:i <Pe';+!e !e8i''an(an=n, a"r >e'(+('en6' <e) e'' id+%n6n Da&ie$(, 8"n("$a!!an a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'+$%Q(+$+r' Qr( je'en(+$ei(,na8':je);%e(ei(9 -"$%&ai na);*&e(+n( <ár 1359 a=)=$%(=$*%e8+n e''á(")a( Dan%i)!a9FTere8$%e<'+j+r' a=)=$%(=$ 1@?i je'en(+$+!en (áj+?"%(a(ja >n*ei(# FA% i((eni e';%e( <e$(er$+)e$ +$ in?

)a(a) &"'(á( >e'i$<er(e< +$ <e)(=d(a<, "); a% &a':$%Q?nP'e) n;=)(a'an$á)" ):U8"n(ja 'e$%9 13Da&ie$ !a'j:$ je'en(+$e ne< $" +($+)e( a); a% a<eriaidi8'"<áUia &e$%+';e$ (er&ei >e''9 Va':$á)"$ U$"da, "); aDan%i)ra nee%ed ne<%e(*%i n;"<á$ +$ &á'")a("(( <e$(ered+?$e e''en+re <+) ("&á!!i +( +&i) ne< &"'(a +8e$e N+<e("r?$%á) á'(a'= "'; na);"n áQ("(( 'en);e'"r$%á)i (á<adá$á( i8r"&"?á'ni9 Ne< (ein(e( &+'e('enne S%(á'in +$ J=rUi'' (6re'<e(?

'en$+)e, a<e'; $%erin( <ár na);"n <e)=n(á a% Fe'<+'e(i $Q"n<"%): e''ená''á$(9 Bár, a<in( 'á(ni >")j= ne< ann;ira J=rUi''Q&án( i(( a (e((e <e%ej+re '+8ni, $"a' iná!! S%(á'in( $%ere((e&"'na "da'*ni9 De enne <+) ne< j*(( e' a% ideje9 S%6$+) &an<+) S%(á'inna e); r*&id, de anná' 'á(&án;"$a!! 8á'>"rd='á$ára,i$% e n+'6' e'+8%e'e(e('en N+<e("r$%á) +$ a S%"&je(=ni:e);<á$$a' $%e<!eni á!"rja9 Enne a +( a(a'"< *%+ +e'?d*(( Len);e'"r$%á) a je'en "n$(e''áUi:!an e'árQ(a(a('an aadá?';a9E% a% aadá'; "<"'; $%ere8e( já($%"(( a -6nUeni e);e%?<+n; e'e$(+j+n i$9 -+) e<'+$%6n, "); <i';en !"$$%$á)"(""%"(( a Len);e'?"r<án;, a<i"r J$e$%'"&áia e$e('e)e$<e)$e)Q(+$+e% ne< jár='( "%%á a $%"&je( U$a8a(" Len);e'"r?$%á)"n (*r(+n á(&"n='á$á"%9 Ne< er6'( =);an rá a $"r, de errea% e$e((e a S%"&je(=ni: >e'<"nd(a a Len);e'"r$%á))a' +r&+n;!en



'+& <e)ne<(á<adá$i $%er%d+$+(912 );an"(( II9 *(e( 15@9 "'d913 Da&ie$# Id+%e(( e& &"'(, <ár U$a a >e'e >i);e'<+( e'' aár a 'e)a'á&a':!! U$e''e' i$ a!!a a% irán;!a (ere'ni9Ha >e''a8"%%= Da&ie$ 139 j'i=$ 25?+n e'( na8':!eje);?%+$+(, +($+)ein (e'je$ <+r(+!en e'"$%'ana# FA 6'6);<ini$%(+?ri=<"% in(+%e(( je'en(+$e< +r(e'<+!en &á%"'(a< a%"a( a% ""?a(, a<e';e Hi('er( e);ed6'i <e)"'dá$+n( a á!"r >e'+ (a?

$%Q(já9 14 Ne< =rU$a e';%e( a'a=' i9 A S%"&je(=ni:( á(<ene(i?'e) $%*&e($+)re '+8(e(i N+<e("r$%á))a'9 E!!en a <in$+)6!en*%*$en (á<ad(á <e) Len);e'"r$%á)"(9I)a% a S%"&je(=ni: <e)&ár(a, a<Q) a n+<e( ad$ere) <e)(*ria 'en);e' ader (e'je$ &+dee%+8e$$+)+(9 A<in( e% <e)(*r(+n(,a n+<e(ee( *&e(&e +( +( <'&a a% "r"$%" i$ rár"n("((a aU$er!ena);"(( 'en);e'ere9 An)'ia a n+<e( (á<adá$( n+án;

na88a' <e)e'%en ne"); e'>")adja N+<e("r$%á) <+'(án;"$ !+eaján'a(á( )aranUiá( &á''a'( Len);e'"r$%á) &+de'<+re9 A >e'?eUUe'( 'en);e' "r<án; !i%("$ (á<a$%( +r%e(( a á(a <*)*((9 .a?("nai erej+( i$ ('!eU$6'&e *nn;e'<Pen =(a$Q("((a &i$$%a N+<e(?"r$%á) <+'(án;"$na j"))a' ne&e%e( aján'a(ai(9 -aaU$$á)a r*?&ide$en e$erP U$a':dá$$á &á'("%"((9 A% an)"' )aranUia U$a a N+<e("r$%á) e''eni ad6%ene(re >=("((a9 ); (Pni e% a )aranUia aS%"&je(=ni:ra ne< &"na("%"((9 Nei =);ani$ ne< 6%en(e ada(a Len);e'"r$%á) e''eni (á<adá$á+r(9 S(, a<in( 'á(ni >")j= aLen);e'"r$%á)(:' e'>")'a'( (er6'e(ee( a á!"r =(án i$ <e)a);?(á a S%"&je(=ni:na9 A 'en);e'ee( N+<e("r$%á)(:' e'"!%"(( (e?r6'e(ee' ár8:("'(á9 Len);e'"r$%á) e);re +($+)!ee$e((e!! $e?)+';+r+$+re a% an)"' "r<án; <"$( <ár arr:' i);ee%e(( <e)?n;=)(a(ni e(, "); a <e)Q)+r( )aranUia <ajd a á!"r !e>eje%+?$e =(án >") rea'i%á':dni9 -a <ár (=dj=, "); ");an9 A 'en);e?



'e $%á<ára ne< $" *$%*nni&a':ra ad"(( ""(9 );ana%( a >+'?+&$%á%ad"$ );ar<a(i i%$á<án;"'á$( a8(a, <in( a%án, &a); a(*!!i $%"Uia'i$(ána )n;"'( U$a(':$ "r$%á)9A Len);e'"r$%á) >e'e((i "$%("%"dá$( *&e(en >"ná e';%e(

a'a='( i a% e=r:8ai a(a'<a $%*&e($+)i &i$%"n;á!an9 A S%"&?14 Da&ie$# Id+%e(( <P 40@9 "'d94 je(=ni: e);idejP'e) 'e$% $%*&e($+)e$e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"na,An)'iána, 7ranUia"r$%á)na +$ N+<e("r$%á)na i$9 I)a% A<eri?ána +$ An)'iána e);en're <+) U$a (i("!an, de a Len);e'"r?$%á) e''eni a("nai (á<adá$ $%: n+'6'i (Pr+$e e $%*&e($+) '+(+(e);+r(e'<Pen i)a%"'ja9 A% 139 <áj=$ 2?án a'áQr( >ranUia?$%"&je(

!ará($á)i +$ *'U$*n*$ $e)Q($+)n;j(á$i e);e%<+n;( <+) U$a >e'$e< >6))e$%(i a n+<e(?$%"&je( <e)ne<(á<adá$i $%er%d+$ +r&+?n;+ne idej+re9-ár a Len);e'"r$%á) e''eni de%in>"r<áUi:$ (e&+en;$+)e i$&i'á)"$$á (e((e, "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" <i';en $%ere8e( já($%"((a &i'á)á!"r i(*r+$+!en9 Da&ie$ 139 j'i=$ 1@?i na8':je);%e(eaara(a e''en+re 'e'e8'e%i R""$e&e'(e(9 A a$in)("n!:' (á&"%:<an$%i $%"&je( na);*&e((e' +rdee$ 6%ene(e( 6'd S%(á'inna#

F999 a +($%ere((n+' i$ !i%("$a!!, "); Hi('er, <i=(án7ranUia"r$%á)"( 'e);%(e, Or"$%"r$%á) e''en >"rd='9 1Da&ie$ e'$%:'á$a e);+r(e'<Pen !i%"n;Q(ja, "); a á!"r >"r?)a(:*n;&+(, <ene(rendj+( R""$e&e'( Qr(a9 Tein($6n &i$$%a ana8':je);%e( id8"n(jára# 139 j'i=$ 1@9 A 'en);e'?n+<e(?$%"&je( á!"r indQ(á$a e'(( &a);=n 42 na88a', a 7ranUia"r$%á)e''eni n+<e( (á<adá$ 8edi) U$a 140 <áj=$ 10?+n, U$ane< e);+& <'&a e%ddi9 R""$e&e'( 8edi) <ár ne<U$a a 7ranUia"r?$%á) 'eend á!"rjár:' (=d, ane< <e)j:$"'ja N+<e("r$%á));%e'<+( i$9 Ha >i);e'e<!e &e$$%6 a >ranUia a("nai &+de'e<);"r$ +$ 'á(&án;"$ *$$%e"<'á$á(, a% an)"' e8edQUi:$ ader7ranUia"r$%á)!:' &a': an;a((?"<'" <ene6'+$+(, a"r >e' e''(+(e'e%n6n, "); R""$e&e'( a >ranUiáa( i$ ':&á (e((e +$ An)'ia i$*&e((e (anáU$ai(9 -"$( <ár U$a a%( e'' (i$%(á%n=n, ");R""$e&e'( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e'n*e+n( (e((e <inde%(, &a); a



$%a!ad<P&e$ 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< na);<e$(ere+n(, e$e('e) an?na =(a$Q(á$a+n(9Enne e'd*n(+$+e% j: <e)*%e'Q(+$( ad R""$e&e'(ne Za!r"=$;?"% a% i>j I%rae' Ne<%e(i TanáU$a e'n*+e% 1439

>e!r=ár 20?+n e'( 'e&e'e, a<e';e( a H=nnia UQ"';:ira( 19 j'i=$i $%á<á!an 8=!'iá'(a< a <a);ar na);*%*n$+) $%á<ára9R""$e&e'( á!"r$ "n"rári=<a UQ<<e'9 A *n;& >6))e'++!en1 Da&ie$# Id+%e(( j I%rae' Ne<%e(i TanáU$aU$a a $%a!ad<P&e$ $%er&e%e( >edne&e 'ee(, <er( R""$e&e'( aFi&á': (e$(6'e( 319 +&>"rd=':ja a'a'<á!:' a 'e&+' !e>eje% r+?

$%+!en j:Q&án$á)ai( >eje%i i9 E!!' i(Pni, "); a $%er&e%e(a'a8Q(á$a 112?!en (*r(+n(, a<i"r a% Fi>j I%rae' <+) U$a a %$i?d: á'<"d"%á$ai!an >"rd='a("(( e'9 A% a% a'á%a("$ >")a'<a%á$,a<e'; R""$e&e'( 'e&e'+( je''e<%i, ne< a &i'á) 'e)na);"!! a(a'?<ána e'n*e +$ e);, a n;i'&án"$$á) á'(a' $%in(e ne< i$ i$<er( Ui?&i' $%er&e%e( e'n*e *%*((i $%"á$"$ &i$%"n;( $ej(e(i9 S"a' in?á!! (Pni );, <in( a<i"r e); ie';e%e(( re%iden$ (áj+"%(a(ja>n*+( a% irán;Q(á$a a'á rende'( (er6'e( i)a%)a(á$i e'+8%e'+$eir'9

Arr:' i$ (=d=n, "); R""$e&e'( <e)!Q%á$á!:' *%&e('en6' a'en);e' *$$%e"<'á$ =(án 1409 >e!r=ár?<árUi=$á!an S=<ner e''e$ *r=(a( (e$% E=r:8á!an9 A% I''=$(ra(i"n UQranUia >"?';:ira( 1409 <árUi=$ 1?i $%á<a "';an >"(:( *%*'(, a<e';en a%an)"' +$ >ranUia &e%e(e' e);e%(e((e a á!"r =(áni N+<e("r?$%á) e'"$%(á$ára +$%Q(e(( a<eriai (er&e(9 A +8en S=<ner e''e$á''a<(i(ár +$ Ra;na=d >ranUia 8+n%6);<ini$%(er 'á(a(:, a<in(e); "';an (+r+8 >*'+ aj"'na, a<e';en N+<e("r$%á) i$ á''a?<"ra &"'( dara!"'&a9 1E!!' &i'á)"$an iraj%"':di a% a +n;$%er8á';a, a<e';r' N+<e("r$%á) ne< (+re( 'e, >6))e('en6', "); á''a<>j+( Hi('er?ne, &a); !ári <á$na Q&já9Hi('er a Len);e'"r$%á) e''eni *(+'%á$ $"rán i$ arra $%á<Q?("((, "); a% an)"'" <6nUeni !++'(e( di8'"<áUiája e'!!?=(:!! <P*d+$!e '+8 <ajd9 E%((a' (+&ede((9 Ne< Q); (*r(+n(9 A



$%"&je(?n+<e( <e)ne<(á<adá$i $%er%d+$ 'á($%:'a)"$ &+de'<ea'a(( Hi('er <a)á"% +re(i a% an)"' na);*&e(e(9 .i>ej(e((eHender$"n e'((, "); Len);e'"r$%á) >"';a<a("$ 8r"&"áUi:i arraa% e'a(ár"%á$ra +n;$%erQ(en+, "); a &er$ai''e$i di(á(=<<a'

reá'( "rrid"r( >e);&ere$ er&e' >e'$%a!adQ(ja, .+r(e ee% An)'iaH"%%ájár='á$á(9 7e'aján'"((a, a<enn;i!en (e'je$Q(i N+<e("r$%á)&"'( (er6'e(eine &i$$%aU$a("'á$ára &"na("%: i)+n;+(, &i$$%aadjá 8+n%en &á$ár"'( );ar<a(ai(, +$% a !ri( !ir"da'"< >enná''á$á+r(,a(áraina !i%("$Q(á$á+r( aár $%e<+';e$ )aranUiá( i$ &á''a'ni9 E<e)"'dá$$a' a (á&"'a!!i j*&!en i$ <e)e'+)$%i9 enn+' (*!!e(1 Hi('er a(&ann;"'U (ár);a'á$a 19 *(e( 329 "'d9

ne< aar, ne< +r9 E);+!+n( <e)&á'("%(a(a(a('an e'a(ár"%á$a,"); Or"$%"r$%á))a' $"a (*!!+ ne< :aj( $%e<!e er6'ni9A% an)"' <aaU$$á)"( (a8a$%(a'&a Hi('er a Len);e'"r$%á))a'a8U$"'a("$ i)+n;ei( >"r:'?>"ra <+r$+'i9 R*&ide$en erede(i *?&e(e'+$eine U$=8án a (*red++( +ri9 Dan%i)!:' i$ aj'and: e);$%a!ad i*(r+$%( !i%("$Q(ani a 'en);e'ene9 A "rrid"r (er6'e?(+n <e)e'+)$%i, a e); +& <'&a n+8$%a&a%á$"n d*n(i e' ("&á!? !i $"r$á(9 A n+8$%a&a%á$( ered<+n;+(' >6))e('en6' >e'aján'ja,

"); a "rrid"r"n á( e); i'"<+(er $%+'e$ ne<%e(*%i ( +86'j*n9A &e);e$ 'a"$$á) (er6'e(een i$e!!$+)i <e)á''a8"dá$( aján',de e%((a' <inden iá!a9 V+)6' i$ Hi('erne ne< <arad <á$ &á?'a$%(á$a, <in( a $%á<ára i+8Q(e(( an)"'\>ranUia\a<eriai\ 'en);e' +n;$%er8á';án &+)i)<enni9 S%erenU$+('en 'en);e'(e$(&+rein &e'6n e);6(( U$a $%"<"r (a8a$%(a'a("a')a%da)"d(a9 A $%"&je( (á<adá$ <e)ind='á$á&a' 'á(&a a% an)"'?>ranUia )aranUia U$dj+(, a<in( a%" 'á!"% (e(( >e);&eree'n+%e(i "r$%á)= 8=$%(='á$á(, a 'en);e' "r<án; R"<ániá!a<ene6'9 A <a);ar "r<án; !ár e%%e' $ajá( !i%("n$á)á( i$ &e$%+?';e%(e((e e<'+e%&e ajdani *%*$ <'(=nra, irá';ainra ne<a);(a U$er!en a ne+% e';%e(!e er6'( 'en);e' !ará(ai(9 Há'a ane<r+) &i$$%a$%er%e(( .ár8á(a'jai (er6'e(en %:d: *%*$ a(ár?$%aa$%na, (*!! <in( 109000 > <ene6'(e( >")ad"(( !e a%án? !a9 A n+<e( "r<án; r"$$%a''á$a e''en+re 'ee(&+ (e((e 'e(e'e8e?



d+$6e(9 G;er<eei $%á<ára i$"'áa( '+(e$Q(e((e9 -inda%" $%á<ára, ai i)+n;e'(+, 'ee(&+ (e((e a <á$ á''a<"!a &a': ("?&á!!=(a%á$(9 7ájda'"<, "); a á!"r !e>eje%+$+&e' a% idei)'ene$'en);e' "r<án; err' <e)>e'ede%ni 'á($%"((9 -+) $%er+n; 'ee?

($+)ei( $e< &e(e((e 'a(!a, $( <e) $e< Q$+re'(e e'e$e(($+)6n en;Q(+$+(9An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) Len);e'"r$%á) 6r6);+n $ie(&e ada(6%en( N+<e("r$%á)na9 N;=)"d(an <e)+rde%e(n+n <i+r(, i?$%en e( $e<+'e +rde$+re'e< ne< +r(e9 E% *r6'!e'6' "';an,<in(a a na8jain!an d': indiai?8ai$%(áni >e);&ere$ "n>'i(=$<ia(( +'ne ada( 6%enn+n, <er( &e$%+';e%(e(i a&i'á)!++(9 I)a% =);an, "); a >=rU$a ad6%en <+) U$a a &a?

dá$%8=$áj=a( $e< $6(*((+ e', de a !+e$%er%d+$ a$%(a'áná'<ajd e';e( >")'a'na, $ i)a%$á)"( "$%(ana, <er( á( ad&i$e'>e'e &"'(a9 -+)8edi) a !i%("$an );%(e$ "'da'"n9 A arU"': >e?5'e ad ir($á U$a e);<á$(9 iná!! je);%+e 6'd+$+&e'6'*n!*%, <a)= á'(a' $e< "<"';an )"nd"'( >e'Q&á$"a( in?(+%ne a% e''en>e'ee%, i)a% U$a a% e);ie%9 -+) S%(á'in i$>=rU$a á!"rna ne&e%i a% an)"'?>ranUia á!"r$ *%re<P*d+$(9

A% i$ &"'(9 J$a $ajná'ni 'ee(, "); S%(á'in enne e''en+re );%?(e$ne <"nd&a <e)(Pr(e e( a !+e(ár);a'á$ a$%(a'áná'9 I)a%&+'e<+n;6e( e); 8erUi) $e< <+'(a((a >i);e'e<re9 ."<"';an 8e?di) e);á'(a'án ne< &e((e9A n+<e(?'en);e' á!"r !e>eje%+$+&e' a n+<e( "r<án;&i$$%a&e$%i a%"a( a (er6'e(ei( Len);e'"r$%á)(:', a<e';e 11@9e'(( N+<e("r$%á)"% (ar("%(a, &a);i$, a<e';ee( a &er$ai''e$idi(a(ra e'"!%"((9 N+<e("r$%á) 'e)je'en($e!! e'$%aQ("(( (er6?'e(ei (eá( &i$$%a(+r(e9 Hi('er 139 "(:!er ?án !++( aján' an;=)a(i a(a'<ana, a<e';e( a%" $ie(&e &i$$%a=(a$Q(ana9Len);e'"r$%á) n+<e(?$%"&je( +("'da' e'>")'a'á$á&a' a% e=?r:8ai á!"r i$%+'e$edi9 A S%"&je(=ni: (er6'e(U$ere 6r6);+n<e)(á<adja 7inn"r$%á)"(9 N+<e("r$%á) 8edi) adjára("( indQ( anei ada( 6%en 7ranUia"r$%á) e''en9 A% a"r á((*re(e('enne irde(e(( >ranUia &+de'ranUia ader( 'á($%:'a) <e)adá$ra +n;$%erQ(i9 Bár <ai i$<e?re(eine' ); 'á(j=, e% $"a' iná!! a >ranUiá (=da("$ >e);?&er'e(+(e'+!' *&e(e%e(e(( !e9 A >ranUia a(ár á('+8+$+e% $%6?$+) &"'( H"''andia, Be')i=< +$ L=e<!=r)"n &a': á(&"n='á$ra,

Q); e%e a i$ á''a<" i$ <e)$%á''á$ra er6'(e9 N"r&+)ia e$e(+? !en a n+<e(e "<"';an &e((+ An)'ia i$%i&ár")(a("(( 8ar(ra?$%á''á$i (e(&+(, $ e( <e)e'%end r*&id id a'a(( e'>")'a'(á9 A%?:(a $"a( e<'e)e(e(( +$ a );%(e$e "'da'án a a%ájá( á''Q(:'a) e'?ár=':na ne&e%e(( =i$'in) r*&id idre N"r&+)ia á''a<>je 'e$%=);an, de a!!:', "); $%er&e%(e &"'na <e) a n+<e( 8ar(ra$%á'?'á$(, e); $%: $e< i)a%9 A n+<e( ader *%re<P*d+$+( ne<+r(e, ne< i)+n;e'(e9 -in( á''a<>( +88en a n+<e(e (e$%i >+'re,

$ e';e((e a% "$%(rá $%ár<a%á$ Se;$$?In[=ar("( 6'di +$ ne&e?%i i N"r&+)ia >"r<án;%:já&á9 A n+<e( ad$ere) 7ranUia"r?$%á)na U$a a% +$%ai r+$%+( $%á''ja <e)9 A d+'i *&e%e(!en ViU;*%8"n((a' *ná'': >ranUia á''a< '+(e$6'9A >ranUia a8i(='áUi:( *&e(en Hi('er i$<+( !++( aján' e'?'en>e'eine9 J=rUi'' a%"n!an, ai 7ranUia"r$%á) 'e)nee%e!!@:rái!an a $%a!ad<P&e$ 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< =(a$Q(á$ára á(&e$%i

a% an)"' "r<án; &e%e(+$+(, i';e$<ir' a''ani $e< aar9O(:!er 21?+n rádi:6%ene(e( in(+% a >ranUia n+8e%9 A !e$%+da'á!!i e);e('en <"nda(a Q&en >eje%i i a N+<e("r$%á) e''eni an?)"'$%á$% $%á<Q(á$ !Pn*$ &"'(á(# FNe< ere$%(j6 i Hi('er( a <ar?=n!:' +$ ne< ere$%(i i *%*$ !ará(ain $e< a% A('an(i?:Ueán(' 8ar(ján9 15I$<+( !e!i%"n;"$"d"((, <+)8edi) <inden "rá!!iná' e);+r?(e'<P!en# A á!"r( ne< N+<e("r$%á) aarja +$ aar(a, ane<+88en An)'ia +$ A<eria9 J=rUi'' á''Q(:'a)"$ !+e$%ere(e(eU$a a $%a!ad<P&e$ re("riá!an '+(e%i9 A%( i$ iá!a i);e$%i !i%"n;)a(ni !ári, "); 'e e'' >")ni Hi('er e%+(, <er( a% a !+e?$%ere( ne<%e(e !i%("n$á)á( >en;e)e(i9 E''ene%'e)M ("'$:U$e88 &+r+i) a á!"r!an e'' (ar(aniMJ=rUi'' )"nd"'"dá$á( (a'á':an je''e<e%(e e;)and >ranUiaad6);<ini$%(er a >e);&er$%6ne(r' "%and: "r<án;a(ár"%a(



<e)(ár);a'á$a"r9FJ=rUi'' a% =("'$: >ranUia a("nái) aj'and: arU"'ni an+<e(e e''en9 A<i"r =);ani$ arra +r(+, "); 'e)a'á!! '+)i?(á<")a(á$$a' $e)Q($e a >ranUia &+de'<e(, a +r+$( a%%a' (a)ad(a

<e), "); <inden re86')+86re $%6$+)e &an e); e$e('e)e$n+<e( 8ar(ra$%á''á$ <e)aadá';"%á$á"%, a<e';ne &e$%+';e 8e?di) $e<<i';en <+r(+!en $e< á''( >enn9A n+<e(e J=rUi'' <aaU$$á)a e''en+re ("&á!! 8r:!á'"%?na9 -"$( <ár a !erni 8á8ai n=nUi=$ *%&e(Q(+$+&e' ("&á!!Q(já e);re $%er+n;e!! >e'(+(e'eie(9 J=rUi'' &a':$á))a' d6!e )=r=' an+<e(e á''and: !+ee%de<+n;e%+$e <ia((9 -i+r( ne< +r(i <e), "); ne< !++( aar, ane< á!"r(M -i&e' e% a ed&e%

e';%e( ann;i &á'")a("(( U$e'$%*&+$ ered<+n;e+88en &+)re i?a'a='(, a% i$ a !aja, "); <"$( !++r' (ár);a'j"n9 A% e);á%i*%&e(Q(+$( )"r"<!án =(a$Q(ja e'# FRe<+'e< &i'á)"$ 'e$% a n=nUi=$$%á<ára, "); e'(+(e'eire9 -inden e<!er6n $%i)"r =(a$Q(á$( a8"((, ");e'&e$$en <inden i';e$>aj(a $=)a'<a%á$(9-ai n+%8"n(!:' *nn;en <e)á''a8Q(a(:, "); a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r >"r)a(:*n;&+!en 7ranUia"r$%á) &ere$+)+ne $%ere?

15 J=rUi''# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 19 *(e( 3@9 "'d9 8e'nie e''e((9 7ranUia"r$%á) +$ a S%"&je(=ni: *%*(( =);ani$139 :(a <e)$%aQ(á$ n+'6' *'U$*n*$ $e)+';n;j(á$i e);e%?<+n; &"'( +r&+n;!en9 -ái) $e< (a'á'ni $e"' arra <a);ará%a("(,"); a n+<e( U$a8a(" 7ranUia"r$%á) e''eni (á<adá$a"r a S%"&? je(=ni: N+<e("r$%á) <e)(á<adá$á&a' <i+r( ne< n;j("(( $e)Q($+?)e( >ranUia $%*&e($+)e$+neW Enne <e)&á'a$%"'á$á&a' <ind a$%"&je(, <ind 8edi) a >ranUia (*r(+n+$%e a <ai na8i) ad:$a9 A%id*%!en '+(rej*(( a'aU$"n;a!! ran) n+<e(?$%"&je( <e)ne<(á?<adá$i e);e%<+n; enne ne< 'ee(e(( aadá';a9 E%%e' a8U$"'a?("$ di'e<<án <+) n*&e$%i i$ anna (=da(á!an, "); a% 10? !en -"$%&á!an <e)(ar("(( $%"&je( +$ a<eriai &"'( "r<án;?(i$%(&i$e' +$ (*r(+n+$%e e); e(e$ (anáU$"%á$án a á%i)a%dá >e'>ed(+ Z$="& <ar$a'' (er&+(, a<e';!en 1409 <áj=$ 1?+n a%(



ja&a$"'(a S%(á'inna# A<enn;i!en Hi('er <e)(á<adja 7ranUia"r?$%á)"(, indQ($"n a V*r*$ Had$ere) Len);e'"r$%á)"n á( (á<adá$( N+<e("r$%á) e''en9 S%(á'in a%"n!an e'=(a$Q("((a a <ár ári%%$a' i$e);e%(e(e(( (er&e(9 edi) e"r a Bar!ar"$$a?(er&ne <+) a ne&e

$e< $%6'e(e(( <e)9 A <i+r(re a <ai na8i) $e< a8(=n &á'a$%(9E%a'a(( a S%"&je(=ni: a n+<e(?$%"&je( <e)á''a8"dá$ a'a8ján<e)$%á''ja a% addi) >6))e('en Ba'(i?á''a<"a(9 E%( *&e(en R"?<ániá(:' a &er$ai''e$i di(á(=<<a' "daQ(+'( Be$%ará!ia +$ É$%a B="&ina 24 :rán !e'6'i á(adá$á( *&e(e'i9R"<ánia á(adja a *&e(e'( (er6'e(ee(9 A% 1409 a=)=$%(=$30?i );ne&e%e(( <á$"di !+U$i d*n(+$ -a);ar"r$%á) r+$%+re&i$$%aadja a (rian"ni !+edi(á(=<<a' R"<ániá"% U$a("'( Erd+';

+$%ai r+$%+( a S%+e';?>*'dde'9 E (er6'e(rende%+$ ere(+!en R"?<ánia &i$$%aadja D"!r=d%$á( B=')áriána9 A r"<án" a"% i$"%%ájár='na, "); a% "r$%á) "'aj<e%i( a n+<e(e a("nai e'?'enr%+$6 a'á &"njá9 I';en >e');"r$='( e$e<+n;e *%e8e((e e?r6' $"r -"'"("& $%"&je( 6'6);<ini$%(er <ár r+):(a e$ed+e$ n+?<e("r$%á)i 'á(")a(á$ára, a<e'; (='ajd"n+88en i ne< <"nd"((ana n+<e(?$%"&je( <e)ne<(á<adá$i $%er%d+$ >e'<"ndá$á( je'en(i9A 'á(")a(á$ ideje 1109 n"&e<!er 129 A n+<e( &e%e( $%Q&+';e$?

$+)e -"'"("& irán( <e$$%e >e'6'<'ja a $%"á$"$ 8r"(""''(9-"'"("& a%"n!an ne< &i$%"n"%(a a n+<e(e e'%+en;$+)+(9Hi('er <inden+88en $%ere((e &"'na <e)n;erni ( ár"<a(a'<ie);e%<+n;e% &a': U$a('a"%á$ra9 A $%"&je( 6'6);<ini$%(er,<i&e' a $%"&je( "r<án;( <ár (i("$ $%er%d+$ >P%(e a% E);e$6'(0Á''a<""% +$ An)'iá"%, a 'a$$%i=$ e'árQ(á$ <:djá( &á'a$%?("((a9 O';an *&e(e'+$ee( (á<a$%("(( a U$a('a"%á$ >ej+!en,a<e';ne (e'je$Q(+$e ne< á''"(( N+<e("r$%á) a(a'<á!an9 );<in( /a8án <"ndj"n 'e S%aa'in?$%i)e(i "nUe$$%i:ir:', <a)ána +r(e B"$%8"r=$%( +$ a Dardane''áa(9 R"<ánia $%"&je( !e>"';á$á(<ár a á!"r a'a((9 E%e >e'e(( N+<e("r$%á) ne< rende'e%e((,n;i'&án <e) $e< Q)+re((e9 7i);e'e<re<+'(:, "); e%ee( a 8"%Q?Ui:a(, 6'*n*$en a B"$%8"r=$%( +$ a Dardane''áa( a% a<eriai$%*&e($+)(' $e< a8(a <e), 8edi) n;i'&án&a': a%"ná' i$ +r(e9



Hi('er +rdee$ <:d"n -"'"("& >i);e'<+( Á%$ia >e'+ 8r:!á'(a(ere')e(ni9 Enne +rdee$ (ár);a India &"'(9 -in(a U$a (=d(a&"'na, "); e%( a "%"<án;( A<eriá(:' <ár <e)a8(a9 E%((a'+($+)(e'en6' an)"'e''ene$ (endenUiá %:dna <e) a n+<e(

)"nd"'"dá$!an, a<e'; ne< i$ er6'(e e' -"'"("& >i);e'<+(9Hi('er "';an >")a'<aa' i);ee%e(( <e));%ni a $%"&je( 6'?6);<ini$%(er(, a<e';e( a% a 'e)*nn;e!!en <e)+r(9 -ari$(a%$ar)"nna' >ej(e((e i, "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "';an i<8eria?'i$(a 8"'i(iá( >"';(a(, a<e'';e' an)"' $%*&e($+)e$e &+de'<e e?';e(( );ar<a(ai <e)$%er%+$+re (*re$%i9 Bi%"n; Hi('er ne< (+&e?de((9 Na);"n i$ "<"';na 'ee(e(( &"'na (ein(eni a% an)"' "r?<án;na (e(( aján'a(á(, <i$%erin( a !+e*(+$ >ej+!en <e)&+de'?

<e%i a !ri( !ir"da'"< a(árai(9 N;i'&án i(( ne< a% an;a"r$%á) a?(áraira, ane< );ar<a(aira +$ d"<Qni=<aira )"nd"'(9 A $%a!ad?<P&e$ J=rUi'' á'<a('an +j$%aáin !i%"n;ára $"$%"r >e'id+%(ee%( a na);&"na' aján'a("(, a<i"r 'á((a, "); Fna); +$ '"já'i$$%*&e($+)e$e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +88en a S%"&je(=ni: >e'a$%?ná'á$á&a' ");an 'á%Q(ja +$ 'a%Q(ja >e' a% e)+$% );ar<a(!ir"da'<á(9E%e a% an)"' !ir("" &+)6' i$ F*ná'':$á)= i&Q&á$á&a' <in( a !ri( ne<%e(*%*$$+) (a)jai e&+$!+ a% an)"', $"a' iná!! a%

a<eriai )a%da$á)"( >")já );ara8Q(ani9Hi('er <e)a'a8"%"((an á''Q("((a +$ je'en(e((e i -"'"("& e'((#An)'ia <ár e'&e$%(e((e a á!"r(, U$a <+) ne< i$<eri !e9 -ai(=dá$=n a'a8ján i$ !*'U$ <e)á''a8Q(á$ &"'(9a=' SU<id( Hi('er ("'<áU$a <e)'e8d&e (a8a$%(a'(a,"); e!!en a% id!en $%in(e <e)(er&e%e(( <ene(rend!en (á<ad?(á a% an)"' re86')+8e Ber'in(9 E%en a% e$(+n a%"n!an a% an)"''+)i(á<adá$ e'<arad(9 E% a (+n; a%( 'á($%i !i%"n;Q(ani, ");-"'"("& ne< n+<e( <e)Q&á$na (e(( e'e)e(, $"a' iná!! an?1)"'?a<eriai 6'de(+$ne9 Ér(e'e<$%erPen (eá( -"'"("& ne< N+<e("r$%á), ane< An)'ia +$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" $%*&e($+)e?$e9 -"'"("& (ár);a'á$a $"rán a n+<e( &e%e( >e'i$<eri a S%"&? je(=ni:, <in( $%*&e($+)e$ i($%e) 8á'>"rd='á$á(9 A e';%e( <in?den "'da' e'e<%+$e *&e(e%(+!en Hi('er deUe<!er 1@?án iadja



a 219 $%á< ad<P&e'e(i =(a$Q(á$á( a FBar!ar"$$a?(er& e'+$%Q(+?$+ree); $%"&je( (á<adá$ e'árQ(á$ána 'ee($+)e$ &+)reaj(á$ára9-ind&+)i) an)$';"%&a U$a e'&i);á%a("$$á)r:' &an $%:9

A<enn;i!en a S%"&je(=ni: &á'("%(a( N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!eni<a)a(ar(á$án, ); a (er& +r&+n;+( &e$%(i9 N+<e("r$%á) &a':diU+'ja a% An)'ia e''eni 6%de'e<9A e'e(i e';%e( ne< *ná'': 8r"!'+<a, a%( U$a a <inden"rin;=)a(i e';%e( i$<ere(+!en 'ee( <e)Q(+'ni, a $%6$+)e$ (er&e +$in(+%ed+$e <inden e$e(!en anna >6))&+n;e9 9>i%" a á!"r=(áni ""$"dá$", <i$%erin( N+<e("r$%á)na a S%"&je(=ni:(e'!!, &a); =(:!! 'e e'' );%nie, n+'6'*%ne <inden a'a8"(9

Va':$á)(ar(a'<= a n=''á&a' e);en'9 (:'a) <inden e$e<+n;?e%, &a); e'<+'e(e% "';an <e$+( 'ee( Qrni, a<i';enre a *n(*r?>a'a%á$"% 'e)iná!! $%6$+) &an9 Hie($+)e ia);a':jána >an(á%iájá(:' >6))9A n+<e( &e%e( !ár $%á<Q("((a rá <e)'e8d(e, ");-"'"("& idr'?idre &i$$%a(+r(, +$ a 'e)a8r:!! r+$%'e(ei) i);e?e%e(( (áj+"%:dni, "); a N+<e("r$%á))a' *(end á!"r$ $%er?%d+$ e$e(+n a S%"&je(=ni: <i';en (er6'e(i n*&eed+$re $%á<Q(a(9

); (Pn(, "); e%ee( a 'ee( 'e)<a)a$a!!ra Q&án(a >e'$r:>"'ni,a<e'; a'a8=' $%"')á'a("(( &"'na an)"'$%á$% $%*&e($+)e$ei %$ar"?'á$ára9 Hi$%en ne< '+(e%i "';an j: $%er%d+$, a<e'; ne 'enne<+) j"!!ra <:d"$Q(a(:9A S%"&je(=ni: !e$%ará!iai +$ +$%a?!="&inai (er6'e(eine &i$$%a(+r+$e a <a);ar "r<án;( i$ di8'"<áUiai '+8+$re +n;$%e?rQ(ene9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a% "r"$%" R"<ániá&a' a8U$"'a("$<a)(ar(á$a );an( +!re$%(e(( a n+<e( "r<án;!an, a<e'; a'a8='$%"')á'a("(( R"<ánia e$e('e)e$ $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$ára9 R"<ánia !+eid!en i$ $%á''Q("(( "'aja( N+<e("r$%á)na9 E); &ára(: e=?r:8ai á!"r eUe(+n e%e a% "'aj$%á''Q(á$" (er<+$%e(e$en >e'+r(+?e'dne9 A%9 e$e('e)e$ $%"&je( !aje&er+$ &i$%"n( &e$%+';e%(e(ni'á($%"(( a $%á''Q(á$" %a&ar(a'an 'e!"n;"'Q(á$á(92Enne e'árQ(á$á"% N+<e("r$%á)na $%6$+)e 'e$% R"<á?



nia, de 'e)a'á!!i$ "'aj(er<e' e';eine a("nai <e)$%á''á$ára9Ee% 8edi) a <a);ar (er6'e(en &a': á(&"n='á$( ne< <e''%e(i9A n+<e( U$a8a(" á(&"n='á$á"% &a': <a);ar "%%ájár='á$<e)n*&e'e(i Erd+'; &i$$%aU$a("'á$ána e$+';ei(9 A <a);ar "r?

<án; <ár Be$%ará!ia +$ É$%a?B="&ina $%"&je( &i$$%aU$a("'á$a?"r ije'en(e((e, "); a (rian"ni (er6'e(e &i$$%arende%+$+!en ne<>")ad e' di$%ri<ináUi:(9 Erd+'; =);ani$ a$"n': <:d"n er6'(r"<án +%re, <in( Be$%ará!ia +$ É$%a?B="&ina9 Hi('er a%"n!ana na);"n i$ (*r+en; r"<án e';%e(re (ein(e((e' e'árQ("((a, $('ein(e((e a <a);ar "r<án; re&Q%i:$ (*re&+$ei(9Bár a Te'ei?"r<án; <inden 'ee($+)e$ a'a'"<<a' a 'e?e( 'e)j"!!an <e)a'á%"d"(( a% an)"' "r<án; >e'+, <+)i$ a

>"';a<a("$ <a);ar i);ee%e( e''en+re a% an)"' "r<án; iná!!)ánU$"'(a, <in( $e)Q(e((e a <a);ar di8'"<áUia 8r:!á'"%á$ai(9 Ne<U$a "); (á<")a(á$( ne< n;j("((, de <+) U$a ne< i$Q)+r(9 Enne e''en+re Len);e'"r$%á), J$e$%'"&áia, R"<ánia<e''e(( a%án(:' i$ e'&ár(a, "); -a);ar"r$%á) i$ *n);i'"$ <:?d"n aadá';"%%a a n+<e( "r<án; 6'8"'i(iájá(9 Va':$á))a'<e)>en;e)e((+ a <a);ar "r<án;(, "); a 'e)$';"$a!! *&e(?e%<+n;ee' $%á<"'a(, a<enn;i!en a n+<e( *&e(e'+$ee'

$%e<!en ne< '+8 >e'9 Te((e e%( anna e''en+re, "); -a);ar"r?$%á) $%á<ára <+) a%( a $e<<i( +r (er6'e(i )aranUiá( $e< ad(a<e), a<e';e( Len);e'"r$%á)na +$ R"<ániána Fna);'e'Pen<e)ad"((9Ta'án <"ndani i$ >e'e$'e)e$, "); a $%"&je( ='(i<á(=< e'á?rQ(á$ára a% an)"'" R"<ániána Len);e'"r$%á)"% a$"n':an $e< a("nai, de <+) di8'"<áUiai (á<")a(á$( $e< n;j("((a9 R"?<ánia (er<+$%e(e$en >e'<"nd(a a% a<); $e< '+(e% an)"' )a?ranUiá(9A <a);ar a(árre&Q%i: +rd+$+!en, !Q%&a "'aja >"n("$$á)á? !an, R"<ánia d*n(!Qrá$"dá$ra +r(e >e' N+<e("r$%á)"( +$O'a$%"r$%á)"(9 -a);ar"r$%á) U$a er+';e$ n+<e( n;"<á$ra >"?)ad(a e' a n+<e(?"'a$% d*n(!Qrá$"dá$(9 Erd+'; r+$%'e)e$ &i$$%a?U$a("'á$a =(án <+) e);<i''i: <a);ar 'a"$ <arad( r"<án i)a%?)a(á$ a'a((9 A <á$"di !+U$i d*n(+$( *&e(en $ajn"$ a <a);ar



"r<án; ne< &"'( a!!an a e';%e(!en, "); <e)(a)adja a á?r"<a(a'i%e$$e a <á$"di !+U$id*n(+$ árá(9 De <+)i$U$a &i$$%aa8(a i)a%$á)(a'an=' e'"!%"(((er6'e(+ne e); $%er+n; r+$%+(9 -Q) An)'ia a <a);ar ne<%e( n+?<e( &á):Qdra aj(á$a >ej+!en U$=8án á!"r =(áni "<á';"$<"nda(ni %a&ar"$ Q)+re(ee' (ra(á'(a a <a);ar "r<án;(9 Len?);e'"r$%á) +$ R"<ánia (er6'e(i )aranUiájána (*r(+ne(e +$ >ájda'?<a$ (a8a$%(a'a(a =(án e%ene a á!"r =(áni Q)+re(ene a% +r(+?e a $e<<i&e' &"'( e);en+r(+P9

E%e a (er6'e(i'e) )aran(á'( "r$%á)" =);an); a S%"&je(=ni?:na <ár a á!"r e'(( $%er%d+$i'e) "daQ)+r( );ar<a(i +rde?$%>+rájá!a er6'(e, <in( a ne<%e(i +rdeei+r( 6%d -a);ar"r?$%á)9É$%a?Erd+'; &i$$%a(+r+$+&e' -a);ar"r$%á), a n+<e( $8e=?'áUi: (ár);á( +8e% .ár8á(a'ja i&+(e'+&e', !++$ ("n &i$$%a?a8(a a 7e'&id+ +$ Erd+'; 'e)>áj:!! r+$%+(9Hián;%"(( a%"n!an a d+'&id+i (er6'e(e rende%+$e9 Enne 'e?

e($+)e <ajd 1419 á8ri'i$á!an j*n e', <+)8edi) );, "); +rni$e< e'', a n+<e(e =);ani$ >e'aján'já9 er$%e ne< in);en9 Deaddi) +rdee$ d"')" (*r(+nne e!!en a r+)i:!an9B=')ária ár"<a(a'e'&"n='á$ána9 G*r*)"r$%á) <in( O'a$%"r$%á))a',<in( N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!en a% an)"' $8e='áUi: $%Qn(ere &"'(,a<e';e( a (en)e';a(a'<ana <inden+88en rende%ni6 e''e((9T=d"(( d"'"), "); !+eid!en /=)"$%'á&ia ere$ede'<+ne 5^?á( !"n;"'Q("((a 'e N+<e("r$%á))a'9 E% <ár "); );<"ndj= 8rede$%(iná'(a, &a); 'e)a'á!! i$ 8rede$%(iná'nia e''e((&"'na a á!"r!an i$ &a'a<i';en <+r(+P e);6(( <P*d+$re N+?<e("r$%á))a'9 Erre a n+<e(e i$ "<"';an $%á<Q("((a, <+)8edi)ne< i$ <inden a'a8 n+'6'9 -+) $e< Q); (*r(+n(9 Ha U$a r*&ididre i$ 8i''an($=n /=)"$%'á&ia (*r(+ne'<+!e &i$$%a, ne< $%a!a?



d='a(=n anna (=da(á(:', "); a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r i8r"&"á'á?$á!an a% An(an(?a(a'<a na); *r*<+re i)en ered<+n;e$en <P?*d*(( *%re9 A% a"r <+) S%er!ia, Ver$ai''e$!en /=)"$%'á&iá&á>ej'd&e, a<in( 'á(ni >")j= a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'indQ(á$á!an

i$ "<"'; $%ere8e( a89-e)!Q%:i ne< i$ >")na U$a':dni94Hi('er, 8"n("$an a !+eid j: e);6((<P*d+$+(' re<+'&ei);e$%i /=)"$%'á&iá( <e)n;erni a ár"<a(a'+'e

$%*&e($+) <e)*(+$+&e'9 E% <inden !i%"nn;a' $e)Q(en+ /=)"$%'á?&iá&a' $%e<!eni (er6'e(i *&e(e'+$e ""%(a )*rU$* "'dá$á(9 Hi?$%en (=dj=, ne<U$a -a);ar"r$%á)na, ane< O'a$%"r$%á)na +$ B=')áriána i$ &"'( (er6'e(i *&e(e'+$e /=)"$%'á&iá&a' $%e<!en9A <a);ar a'a( (er<+$%e(e$ (='ajd"n$á)a, a% e''en>e'ei&e'&a': "<8r"<i$$%=< aj'a<a, e%((a' i$ <P*d*((9 Enne je);+? !en $%6'e(e(( <e) /=)"$%'á&iá&a' a% F*r* !ará($á)i $%er%d+$9/=)"$%'á&ia e$e(+!en e% a aj'a< N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!en

a%"n!an ne< n;i'&án='( <e)9 ); (Pni a $%'á& a'a( <er!ene''en(+(e$ a a);"<án;"$ 'a(in )"nd"'"dá$$a'9-inden !+e!e'i )a%da$á)i e'n;e e''en+re ne< N+<e("r?$%á) <e''+, ane< +88en e''en>e'ei "'da'ára á''9 edi) Hi('er,O'a$%"r$%á) +$ B=')ária ne< (e($%+$+( i$ i&á'(&a a G*r*)"r$%á)irán;á!a &a': U$a8a(á(en)ed+$e >ej+!en >e'aján'"((a a j=)"$%'á&a(ár" )aranUiájá( i$9 E%%e' $%e<!en a (á&"'i an)"'?a<eriaiQ)+r)e( "nr+(an U$=8án a%( aján'já nei, "); a j=)"$%'á&ad$ere) (á<adja <e) a% A'!ániá( <e)$%á'': "'a$% a("nai er?e(, <er( "(( *nn;P$%erre' <"dern >e);&eree( %$á<án;"'a(9S%'á& <en(a'i(á$a a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r $"rán ne< (=d(a <e)i$?<+(e'ni a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r&a' $%er%e(( (er6'e(i n*&eed+$+(9 S(MA%( <"nd?a(nán, drá)a ára( >i%e(e((9 A á!"r!an <á$>+'<i''i:a'"((a' á'd"%"((9 I)a%, enne U$a a'i) >e'+( $e<<i$Q(e((+ <e) an+<e(e, a (*!!i( a !e'&i$%á';" "'(árán a<&a$%("((á e'9 A<eri?



ai?$%"&je( Qr$%er% *%*$ 'á%Q(á$á!an a $%er! (*<e)e *&e(e?'i a <ini$%(ere'n* +$ 6'6);<ini$%(er á'(a' +88en U$a a'áQr( á?r"<a(a'"';á$ "r?<án;&á'(á$( *&e(en e% <e) i$ (*r(+ni9 G*!!e'$ 1419 <árUi=$

2?i na8':je);%e(+!en SA i&a(a'"$ *%'e<+n;+re i&a("%i,a<e'; *%'i# R""$e&e'( (á<")a((a a !e')rádi "8ere(( >"rrada'<a(9 1@A j=)"$%'á&iai e';%e( (e'je$ á(a'a='á$á&a' a <a);ar "r?<án; i)en ne+% e';%e(!e er6'(9 A ár"<a(a'ej+!en e'i$<eri a<a);ar (er6'e(i i)+n;ee(9 Va);i$ >e);&ere$ er&e' $%a!adQ($a >e'a Trian"n!an e'U$a("'( d+'&id+i (er6'e(ei(9 A <a);ar "r<án;na $%e<!e e''e(( &"'na >"rd='nia $ajá( U$ane< +( +&(i%ede$ 8"'i(i?ájá&a', a<e';!en a !++$ a(árre&Q%i:( $6r)e((e9 7e'&id+ +$ Er?d+'; e$e(+!en e% <e) i$ &a':$='(, !ár ered<+n;e U$=8án r+$%'e)e$&"'(9 A <a);ar "r<án; D+'&id+ e$e(+re i$ a$"n': <e)"'dá$? !an )"nd"'"d"((9 A n+<e( U$a8a(" <a);ar (er6'e(en &a': á(en?

)ed+$e ne< ""%"(( 6'*n*$e!! 'e'i %a&ar(, <i&e' a%( a <a);ar ader e'árQ(ani );$e< &"'( +8e$9 A >e);&ere$ (á<adá$ a%"n? !an +88en a ne<r+) <e)*(*(( *r* !ará($á)i $%er%d+$re (ein?(e((e' "<"'; <e)a$"n'á$( id+%e(( e'9 -e)8r:!á'(a "';an a'?"(<án;"$ +$ ne<%e(*%i'e) i$ aUe8(á'a(: >e'(+(e'ee( ere$ni,a<e'; >e'"'da(ná a <a);ar "r<án; &á''a'á$á(9 Enne je);+!en6'( *$$%e a -a);ar Le)>e'$!! H"n&+de'e'(+(e'ee(, a<e';e !ár<e';i+ne !e*&e(?e%+$e 'ee(&+, $( er*'U$i *(e'e$$+)+ (e$%i a >e);&ere$ !ea&a(?"%á$(9 E%e#19b A% *ná'': j=)"$%'á& á''a< <e)$%Pn+$e29b A <a);ar ne<%e(i$+)P 'a"$$á) 6'd*%+$e39b Vá==< e'e(e%ne a <a);ar" á'(a' i)+n;e'( (er6'e(een9A TanáU$ (a)ja+n( Te'ei á' n+"r<ai >e'(+(e'e <e''e(( jár='( U$a "%%á, <in( 8+'dá=' a !ea&a("%á$ <+) a >en(i >e'(+(e?



'e e);i+ne <e)'+(e e$e(+n i$ U$a a n+<e( (á<adá$( *&e( n+?án; na8 <'&a *&e(e%e( !e9 A <a);ar U$a8a(" ne< er6'?e(ne n+<e( 8aranU$n"$á) a'á9 A TanáU$ a <ini$%(ere'n* <in?den ja&a$'a(á( e'>")ad(a9 A &e%+rar enne <e)>e'e'en a8(a

<e) a &"na("%: =(a$Q(á$"a(9Te'ei á' <ini$%(ere'n* *n);i'"$$á)á( (eá( a /=)"$%'á&iae''eni F<a);ar $%:$%e)+$ ne< ""%a((a9 Te'ei á' *n);i'"$?$á)a a á!"r =(án "'; n+8$%erP i8"(+%i$e e''en+re a <ai na8i)a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e);i 'e)na);"!! rej(+';e9 Ne< %ára(:i, "); +88en an)"'?a<eriai, &a); $%"&je( (i("$ 6);n** );i'"'(á <e) anna +rde+!en, ne"); !ár<i <:d"n i$ i (=dja

$%aQ(ani -a);ar"r$%á)"( a n+<e( $%*&e($+)i ere(!'9 .+8%e'j6 U$a e', ");an d'( &"'na <e) a á!"r$ !Pn*$$+) e'&e a'a8ján$%er%d+$i'e) <ár a S%"&je(=ni:na "daQ(+'( .e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a?<" );ar<a(i i)á!a aj(á$ána e'<+'e(e9 Hi$%en a i$%e<e'( Len?);e'"r$%á), J$e$%'"&áia a<); $e< &"'( ide $"r"'a(:9 Bi%("$ra&ee((+, de (=d(á i$, "); a ra&a$% r"<án" i$ <e)er6'i en?ne e);ene$ 'ee($+)+(9 B=')ária a ár"<a(a'á%i$á!an a<); i$ +'ni >")9 e);+!+n( $e< $%ere8e'(a >i%e($+)i 'i$(án9 Ha -a);ar"r$%á)"( i$ ien)edi, a"r a% F6(?*% %:nána ere$%(e'( $%"Uia'i$(a );ar<a(!ir"da'"< ia'aQ(á$ae$e('e) <e) i$ i$='9 A S%"&je(=ni: á!"r$ $%"')á'a(ai+r(, 25<i''i: a'"((já+r( 8edi) >i%e(ni e''9 Ha e%( ne< <á$" ja&ai!:' (e?$%i, a"r rá<ee( a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r <inden n;ere$+)e9-inden+88en e'' 'e)a'á!! e); "';an N+<e("r$%á))a' a á!"r&+)+i) $%*&e($+)!en <arad: á''a<, a<e'';e' a (*!!i .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a( i$ >en;e)e(e(, %$ar"'a(: 'e$%9 Sajn"$ e%( a >áj?da'<a$ $%ere8e( "$%("((á i -a);ar"r$%á)ra9 E%( na);"n i$ i)a?%"'ni 'á($%i a% an)"' 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=< +( ira(a, a<e'; a% 79O9351b344@9$%9 1439 "(:!er 1?+n e'( a Z$id: e';%e(e -a?);ar"r$%á)"n UQ<e( &i$e'i9 A% ira( e); je''e<% r+$%'e(+( ie<e'? j6# FRanda'' r a%( <"nd(a, "); e%( <ár aján'"((á, <in( ""(,



a<i+r( -a);ar"r$%á) ne á''j"n á( a $%*&e($+)e$e "'da'ára9 I'?'e(&e a% 1439 "(:!er 14?+n e'( J?1203 $%á< ira(, a<e';!en Na<ier 8r">e$$%"r X%$id: +8&i$e'e(Y a))"da'<á( >eje%i i a n+<e($%*&e($+)!' id e'((i e$e('e)e$ <a);ar i=)rá$ <ia((9 S%erin(e

-a);ar"r$%á)"n a %$id: !i%("n$á)!an +'ne, de a á!"r!:'&a': <a);ar i'+8+$, &a); anna Q$+r'e(e <ia(( N+<e("r$%á)<e)$%á''ná -a);ar"r$%á)"(, <iá'(a' a %$id: !i%("n$á)a ne<&"'na $%a&a("'a(:9 N"$, ); )"nd"'j= e%%e' <e)(a'á'(= -a);ar"r$%á) <á$"?di &i'á)á!"r!a +n;$%erQ(+$+ne +$ F=("'$: U$a(':$+n( <ind?&+)i) &a': !enn(ar(á$ána e'er6'e(e('en "á(9Sajn"$ Na<ier 8r">e$$%"r +r&e'+$e %$id: "'da'r:' ne< a"r

an)%"(( e' e'$ Q%!en9 H"r(; -i':$ %$id: ár(;a8ar(nerei *%?&e(Q(+$+!en 141?e$ +& >"';a<án +( Q%!en i$ $%e<!e$6'ni +n;?$%er6' a !a'j:$ +r&e'+$$e'95-ar$Ua': Laj"$(:' (=dj=, ai Ra&a$% Lá$%': re>"r<á(=$ 86$8*re i$ i&a("%i, "); a d+'&id+i rQ%i$ idej+n, Te'ei á'á''Q(:'a)"$ *n);i'"$$á)á( *&e(en, +$ enne >"n("$$á)á(, ");+88en a"rM Ne< );%%6 an)$';"%ni, a %$id:$á) &e%e(i a?

n;a((?"<'" r"an(a H"r(;"% +$ +r(+# (e'je$Q($e Hi('er +r+?$+( +$ &e);6n r+$%( a j=)"$%'á&iai a("nai aUi:!an, <er( e''en?e% e$e(!en a n+<e(e <e)$%á''já -a);ar"r$%á)"( +$ e'de8"r?(á'já a <ár U$ane< @009000 >re d=%%ad( %$id:$á)"(9); (Pni Te'ei á' a% á'(a'a $%a!"(( >e'(+(e'ene a !eá''(á(ne< >")ada((a e' !i%"n;Q("((na, +$ a !ea&a("%á$ idej+re &"na(?"%:an >enn(ar(á$ai 'ee((e9 );ana"r +r(e$6'e(e(( a %$id:$á) !ea&a("%á$ 8ár(i &+'e<+n;+r' a<e';!en ? i$<er&e a ne<%e(*%i%$id:$á) +$ a $%a!ad<P&e$$+) <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an &a':rendQ&6'i +rdee'($+)+( >e'i$<er(e a <a);ar "r<án; +($+)? !eej( e';%e(+(, ne< 'á(&a a +("'da'i $%"rQ(á$!:' &a': i(*r+$ 'e?e($+)+( *n);i'"$$á)!a <ene6'(9 E%((a' i$ "%%á e'' (enn6n,a<enn;i!en &+)%e(( <a)á&a', ne< 8edi) <á$"9 -er( enne a'ee($+)e +$ $%6$+)'e(e &á'("%a('an=' >enná''9 Sajn"$ a <a i$?<er( !i%"n;Q(+" a'a8ján e);i e$e( $e< %ára(: i9





!e 8á'>"rd='á$á!an já($%"(( $%ere8e ne< a);"(( +($+)e( a>e'',"); <e'; á!"r$ $%*&e($+) "'da'án á''9 Hi('erne ne< ad:d"(('ee($+)e a +$%6' Bar!ar"$$a?(er& e'&e(+$+re, &a); aárU$a >e'>6))e$%(+$+re9 Id$%erP!!+ &á'(, <in( <=ná'a(aina <e)e%?

d+$e idej+n9 -a <ár (*!! irán;!:' !i%"n;Q(a(:, "); a S%"&je(?=ni: ); *(*((e <e) a $%"&je(?n+<e( $%er%d+$( 139 a=)=$%(=$23?án, "); e);e('en 8i''ana(ra $e< !Q%"(( N+<e("r$%á)!an9 .i%á?r:'a) a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ An)'ia (anáU$ára (e((e a 8ári$i !+e?$%er%d+$!en Len);e'"r$%á)na Q(+'( (er6'e(e <e)$%er%+$e +rde?+!en9 S%(á'in 1429 a=)=$%(=$á!an a <"$%&ai 'á(")a(á$"n '+&J=rUi''ne a(ár"%"((an ije'en(e((e# Fa n+<e(e!en $"a ne< !Q%"(( e);i6n $e<9 21 Vi'á)"$ !e$%+dM S%6$+)(e'en a

Bar!ar"$$a?(er&&e' &a); a n+<e(e i($%e) <a)a(ar(á$á&a' (aa?r:%ni9 A S%"&je(=ni:na i$ <e) &"'( a <a)a FBar!ar"$$a?(er&e<+) 8edi) $"a' "rá!!i da(á'á$$a' N+<e("r$%á) e''en9 -+) an+<e(?$%"&je( <e)ne<(á<adá$i $%er%d+$( j:&a' <e)e'%en +?$%6'( +$ a *%*$ Len);e'"r$%á) e''eni á!"r idej+re $e< +r&+n;?(e'enQ(e((+9 V"'")"n"& (á!"rn" e<'+ira(ai!:' (=dj=# a S%"&?1 Ser_""d# R""$e&e'( +$ H"8in$ 19 *(e( 2459 "'d920 J=rUi''# Id+%e(( <P 19 *(e( 4@9 "'d9

21 J=rUi''# id+%e(( <P 19 *(e( 4259 "'d9 je(=ni:, 6'*n*$en S%(á'in U$a (á<ad: á!"r!an )"nd"'"d"((9A S%"&je(=ni:na $e<<ine<P &+de'<i (er&e ne< &"'(9A S%"&je(=ni: ad"$%(á'';a' &e(( r+$%( a Len);e'"r$%á)e''eni a)re$$%i:!an9 E%( a a(a'<a$ ader( a 'en);e'e a8i(='á?Ui:ja =(án $e< &"n(a &i$$%a, ane< a 'en);e'"r$%á)i *%*$ $%"&? je(?n+<e( a(árra &"n='(a((a9 S( a U$a8a($%á''Q(á$" >"';(a(:d(a i$9 141, (a&a$%án <ár Z$="& !e&a''á$a $%erin( i$ 14 'e)na?);"!!r+$%( 8ánU+'"$ +$ <"("ri%á'( ad"$%(á'; á''"<á$"%"(( a n+?<e(ee' $%e<!en9/=)"$%'á&ia n+<e( <e)$%á''á$á( *&e(en An)'ia a S%"&? je(=ni:(, A<eria 8edi) N+<e("r$%á)"( i);e$%i a 'e)a'á&a':!!de%in>"r<áUi:a' e);<á$ e''eni á!"rra =$%Q(ani9 An)'ia i$, de6'*n*$+88en a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" arra já($%"((, "); N+<e("r?



$%á) 'e);en a (á<ad:9 E!!en a% e$e(!en =);ani$ e);$%erP!! 'e$%Fi)a%$á)"$ á!"r( &Q&ni +$ 8er$%e !++( *(ni9 N+<e("r$%á)a%"n!an a Bar!ar"$$a?(er& e''en+re ne< $ie( a S%"&je(=ni:( <e)?(á<adni9 Ne< i$ (ee((e, i$%en 1419 (a&a$%án a 'en);e'"r$%á)i

*%*$ a(ár"n Z$="& e<'+ira(ai $%erin( a 14 $%"&je( ad"$%?(á'';a' <ind*$$%e @ n+<e( ad"$%(á'; á''( $%e<!en9A <a);ar "r<án;%a("( 'e(a)':%(a BarU%a G;*r); '"nd"ni*&e(6n je'en(+$e i$, a<e'; ne< a);"(( +($+)e( -a);ar"r$%á)á!"r =(áni $"r$ár:'9 A% 1419 á8ri'i$ 5?+n (*r(+n( <a);ar?an)"'di8'"<áUia a8U$"'a(" an)"' <e)$%aQ(á$á( *&e(en BarU%aG;*r); !U$'á(")a(á$( (e(( J=rUi'' <ini$%(ere'n*n+'9 J=r?Ui'' $%"a('an=' $%in(e &"'(9 ); n;i'a("%"((#

Fne6n <"$( 'e)na);"!! e''en$+)6n a i('eri N+<e(?"r$%á)9 L+(+rd+$ $%á<=nra, "); 'e);%%6 +$ enne +rde+!en a e'' >+' E=r:8á( !"'$e&i%á'j=9A n+<e(?an)"' >'"((aá!"r "<"'; )"nd"( ""% An)'iána9.6'*n*$en a n+<e( (en)era'a((jár: i$%"n; 8=$%(Q(á$( &+)e%(e,<in( a adi <in(a ere$ede''"((á!an9 An)'ia <ár e'j=("(( a?di(er<e'+$+ne &+)$ a(árá"%9 A n+<e(e e!!en a% id!en <+)<inden e'&e$%(e(( (en)era'a((jár:j= e';e(( n+);e( (=d(a );ár(a?

ni9 A"); <"ndani $%"(á, a"r j*n a $e)Q($+), a<i"r 'e)na?);"!! a $%6$+)9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e);re na);"!! adi(er?<e'+$e +$%8+n%+r( <inden <enn;i$+)!en $%á''Q(ja a% =(án8:('á$(9E%%e' $ier6' i$ an)"' $%*&e($+)e$+( (e'je$ <+r(+!en i>"$%(ania950A% a<eriai >e);&ere8"r(ra <e)"%"(( j (*r&+n;, a<e'; aFJa$ and Uarr; X>i%e$$ +$ &iddMY r*&id id a'a(( n=''ára U$*?en(i a á!"r e%d+$"r <+) n+); +$ >+'<i''iárd d"''ár"$ an)"'&a'=(a(ar(a'+"(9 .e%de(!en Harr; H"8in$ R""$e&e'( !i%a'<a$aL"nd"n!an a F*%*$en n;erj6 <e) a á!"r( je'$%:&a' !i%(a((aa >e);&er&á$ár'á$ra9 A a$$%a i6r6'+$e =(án J=rUi'' j je'$%:?&a' >"rd='( A<eriá"%# FAdjá(" a >e);&eree( +$ i%e(+$+8(e'en$+)re (ein(e((e' R""$e&e'( j e8"r((*r&+n;



<e)a'"(á$ára +n;$%er6'9 E% 'e$% a% a !i%"n;"$ FLend 'ea$e !i''X*'U$*n!+r'e(i (*r&+n;Y, a<e'; a'a'<a$ 'e$% An)'ia i>"$%(á$a=(án (e'je$ e'%á'")"$Q(á$ára i$9 A F$%i)"r a<eriai "n)re$$%=$R""$e&e'( ja&a$'a(ára 1419 <árUi=$ 11?+n >e'a(a'<a%%a a% e'n*?

*(, "); <inden "';an á''a<na, a<e';ne &+de'<+( a% E);e?$6'( Á''a<" a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" !i%("n$á)a $%e<8"n(já!:' '+(?>"n("$$á)na (ar(, >e);&eree( +$ adian;a)"( adj"n *'U$*n,&a); !+r'e(!e9 7ede%e(+6' a "n)re$$%=$ +(<i''iárd d"''ár i(e'?ere(e( $%a&a%"(( <e)9 A *'U$*n!+r'e(i $%er%d+$ +r&+n;+( r*&i?de$en i(erje$%(i a S%"&je(=ni:ra i$9 A<in( 'á(j= J=rUi''(Fna); +$ '"já'i$ $%*&e($+)e$e a n+<e(?$%"&je( á!"r i(*r+$e=(án <+) arra i$ rá&e((e, "); a *%*$ ad&i$e'+$ "án a% A<eri?

á(:' i<<ár F*'U$*n!+r'e(!e a8"((, &a'a<in( a $ajá( (er<e'+$Padi>e'$%ere'+$e e); je'en($ r+$%+( a!$%"'( !i%"n;(a'an <e)(+?r6'+$ <e''e(( a S%"&je(=ni:na $%á''Q($a 'e9 A%( <"ndjá <+) a%e);6);P$+)ne i$ &an a(ára9 -in(a J=rUi'' Q&6' e$ne e%en a$%a!á';"n9Bár a% an)"'\n+<e( '+)i á!"r!an a ne< i$ 'á(&án;"$an N+<e("r$%á) a'='<arad(9 E%((a' a (eUniai >*'+n; +r&+n;re j=("((9 A n+<e( 8i':(á =);an j"!!a &"'(a an)"' "''+)áiná',

de a% an)"' H=rriUane +$ S8i(>ire re86')+8e j"!!a &"'(a an+<e( -e$$er$U<i((en+' <ind );"r$a$á)!an, <ind (P%er!en9);ana"r a% an)"' adi(eUnia <ár <e)"'d"((a a re86')+8e >*'di "<<=niáUi:já(9 A n+<e(e 8edi) U$a e);<á$$a' (=d(a a'e&e)!en rádi:n +rin(e%ni9A /=)"$%'á&ia e''eni n+<e( &i''á<á!"r );"r$ +$ ered?<+n;e$ !e>eje%+$e 'á((án An)'ia +$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" arra a*&e(e%(e(+$re j=("((a, "); a i$ á''a<" e''eni á!"r ne<51+8e$e <e));en)Q(eni a n+<e( ad$ere) 6(+8e$$+)+(9 Ne< (Pr (eá( a'a$%(á$( N+<e("r$%á) +$ a S%"&je(=ni: *%&e('en á!"r? jána <e)e%d+$e9 A &ára"%á$ a% id <"$( <ár N+<e("r$%á)na d"')"%i, ai "'; <+r(+!en <e)er$*de(, "); e'!!?=(:!! e);an)'iai 8ar(ra$%á''á$( i$ $ierre' aj(a( &+)re9 E%( ne< $%a!ad !e?&árni9 .i e'' já($%ani a% "r"$% ár(;á(9 Ha n+<e(e ne< (á<ad?



na, á( e' e'' indQ(ani a S%"&je(=ni:(9 Enne je);+!en a $%"&je(>e);&ere$ er 8aranU$n"$á)a Z$="& ne&+&e' >+<je'%e(( (er&e(ad(a á( <áj=$!an S%(á'inna9 A (er& *&e(e%(e(+$ei, "); a% e'?'en$+)i( <e) e'' e'%ni9 7 eri( a% e);"ri Len);e'"r$%á) +$

.e'e(?"r"$%"r$%á) (er6'e(+n $%+( e'' %%ni9 -áj=$ &+)+n Z$="&<ár a%( ja&a$"'ja S%(á'inna, "); <+rjene U$a8á$( a !e&e(+$re+$% n+<e( U$a8a("ra9 S%(á'in =);an e%( ne< en)ed+';e%(e, <+) <indi) a n+<e(e Fe%dr)á$á( &ár(a9 E((' >6))e('en6' a%"r"$% á!"r$ +$%6'd+$ e);re &e$%+';e$e!! <+re(ee( *'(*((9S%(á'in <ár <árUi=$ &+)+n @009000 > (ar(a'+"$ !eQ&á$á(en)ed+';e%i9 -ajd en)ed+';e%i ("&á!!i n+); U$*en(e(( '+($%á<*$$%>e);&erne<P ad$ere) $%i)"r á'Uá%á$ <e''e(( &a': á($%á''Q(á?

$á( a *%*$ $%"&je(?n+<e( !a(árra9Z$="& 1419 jni=$ 1?+n je'en(i S%(á'inna, "); 14 ad?"$%(á'; +$ e); *ná'': '*&+$%dandár á'' (á<adá$ra +$%en9 Z$="&e%((a' $%+8Q(, i$% e% a '+($%á< <ár <árUi=$!an i$ a a(ár$%aa?$%"n á''"<á$"%"(( +$ a U$a8a(" >e'&"n='á$a ("&á!! >"';(a(:d"((9E &+'e<+n;6ne( er$Q(i Ha'der &e%+re%rede$ a er<aU( &e%+r?ari >n*e, ai a% 1419 a=)=$%(=$ 15?i na8':je);%e(+!en e%( Qrja#FLe!eU$6'(6 Or"$%"r$%á)"( 200 ad"$%(á'';a' $%á<"'(=n, +$

<"$(anái) <ár 30?a( a%"n"$Q("((=n9 );ana"r a (ar(a'+"?a' <+) ne< i$ (a'á'"%a((a9A S%"&je(=ni: N+<e("r$%á) e''eni (á<ad: $%ánd+a a-"'"("& 'á(")a(á$ =(án n;i'&án&a':&á &á'i9 A n+<e( Qr$%er%+$erre &"na("%:an +($+)!e&"na(a('an !i%"n;Q(+"a' $%"')á'9Bár erre ninU$ i$ $%6$+), e'+) a% an)"', de >'e) a<eriai $aj(:>i);e'<e$ (an='<án;"%á$a9 A n+<e( F<arad+ J$e$%'"&áia>e'á'd"%á$á"%9 Anna i$ a 'e)>!! U+'ja a% &"'(, "); "r$%á)?&i'á) e'(( !i%"n;Q(a(: 'e);en9 Hi('erre' ne< $%a!ad $%er%d+$e?e( *(ni, <er( a%"a( a<enn;i!en +rdeei a 'e)i$e!! <+r(+? !en &á'("%na, ne< (ar(ja !e9 edi) e% a );a"r'a( ne< Hi('er,$"a' iná!! J=rUi'' $ajá(ja &"'(9 Lá(a((= 7ranUia"r$%á), de526'*n*$en Len);e'"r$%á) e$e(+!en9 );ana"r e%%e' <in(e);6r6);e( ad(a &"'na a S%"&je(=ni:na N+<e("r$%á) <e)(á?



<adá$ára9 Hi$%en (=dj=, e!!en a% id!en a% "r"$%" +$ >e'? !=j(:i >árad$á)"( ne< Q<+'&e ere$(e e);, a ne<%e(*%i *%?&+'e<+n; >+'re&e%e(+$+re a'a'<a$ ind""( N+<e("r$%á) <e)(á?<adá$ára9 Le& Be%i<en$%ij $%"&je( (*r(+n+$% (=dni &+'i, ");

He$$ erre Q)+re(e( i$ (e((, U$=8án a Ba'án e'>")'a'á$ái) a'a$$%á e' a (ár);a'á$"a(9 Enne a% á''Q(á$na a 'e)i$e!! &a':$%QnP$+)e$inU$ <e)9 T=dj=, "); );ar<a(ai i&+(e'+&e' Hi('er <ár <indenVer$ai''e$!en e'"!%"(( (er6'e(+( &i$$%a&e((e9 7ranUia"r$%á) >e);?&er'e(+(e'e =(án 8edi) J=rUi'' <inden árQ(á$a e''en+re (*!!"'?da' !+ee%de<+n;e%+$( (e((9 N;i'&án&a':, "); !+e*(+$ e$e(+n );ar<a(ai( i$ &i$$%a?a8(a &"'na Enn+' (*!!e( 8edi) Hi('er $"a ne< +r(9 A Ba'án

*n<a)á!an ( e);á'(a'án ne< +rdee'(e9 A%( <ár aár <e)e<'Q?(eni i$ >e'e$'e)e$, "); a He$$?<i$$%i: idej+n a Ba'án, &a);i$/=)"$%'á&ia n+<e( <e)$%á''á$ a'á er6'(9 G*r*)"r$%á) O'a$%"r?$%á) 6);e &"'(9 Hi('erne U$=8án -=$$"'ini <e)$e)Q(+$e +rde+? !en &"'( $%6$+)e a G*r*)"r$%á)"% &a': >e'&"n='á$ $%a!addá(+(e'+re9S%(á'in, 7ranUia"r$%á) 'á(&án;"$ *$$%e"<'á$á( *&e(en a%%a'$%á<"'(, "); Hi('er r*&ide$en <e)Q$+r'i a% An)'ia e''eni 8ar(ra?

$%á''á$(9 Enne 6'*n*$ n;"<a(+"( ad"(( a n+<e( (á<adá$ idej+n7ranUia"r$%á)!an á''"<á$"%: 4009000 >$ an)"' e8edQUi:$ ad?$ere) ne $%+8Q($6 U$>"$ &ere$+)e9 E% a%"n!an ne< *&e(e?%e(( !e9 /=)"$%'á&ia );"r$ á!"r&e$%(+$e +$ a He$$?<i$$%i: =?darUa arra indQ("((a S%(á'in(, "); a% 142?re (er&e%e(( N+<e("r?$%á) e''eni (á<adá$( "rá!!i id8"n(!an e'' &+)reaj(ani, <i&e'<a)a a He$$?8r:!á'"%á$ arra en)ede(( *&e(e%(e(ni, "); N+?<e("r$%á) i aar á(rá'ni a á!"r!:' a $%"&je(?n+<e( <e)<+r?%+$ n+'6'9 A n;=)a(i a(a'<a +$ Hi('er *%*((i e$e('e)e$ !+?e*(+$ S%(á'in $%á<ára >e'+r( &"'na e); I$(enU$a8á$$a'9 Ne<MEnne <+) a 'ee($+)+( $e< $%a!ad !e&árni9 A"r <ár iná!!(á<adni9 V+)6' i$ $ier6'( err' R""$e&e'(e( i$, J=rUi''( i$ <e)?);%ni9 A N+<e("r$%á) e''eni (á<adá$ id8"n(já( 1419 j'i=$ ?ára (P%(+ i9 A $%"&je( (á<ad: (er& a FZi&a(ar >edne&e( &i$e'(e9E% a Len);e'"r$%á) (er6'e(+n %:d: $%"&je(?n+<e( a(ár (e'je$



53$%+'e$$+)+!en indQ(&a R"<ánia );"r$ 'e)á%"'á$á&a' er6'( &"'na<e)&a':$Q(á$ra N+<e("r$%á) +$ -a);ar"r$%á) e''en9 22-inderr' Vi("r S%=&"r"& a $%"&je( GR Xa("nai Qr$%er?

%+$Y (á!"rn"a $%á<"'( !e a% );ne&e%e(( Frend$%er&á'(á$ 6?$%*!+n9Err' a $%"&je( (er&r' Hi('er +$ a n+<e( "r<án; (=d"<á$($%er%e((9 A e';%e( );"r$ >e'<+r+$e a'a8ján <e)á''a8Q("((á# A 8'"e$(i r"<án "'aj<e% $%"&je( e'>")'a'á$a *n<a)á!an i$ a á? !"r );"r$ e'&e$%(+$+e% &e%e(ne9 A $%"&je( (á<adá$ &e$%+';edi8'"<áUiai ("n ne< árQ(a(: e'9 A $%"&je( ader a(a'<a$"nUen(ráUi:ja e); e$e('e)e$ an)"' '+)i (á<")a(á$$a' a r"<án

"'aj=(án8:('á$ e'&e$%(+$+&e' a n+<e( ader );"r$ 'e);%+$+e%&e%e( A n+<e( U$a8a(" i+8%+$e, $ >e);&er%e(e e!!en a 8i''a?na(!an =);an j"!!, <in( a $%"&je(, de a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$An)'ia =(án8:('á$á&a' e% a e';%e( !e'á(a(: idn !e'6' <e)&á'?("%a(9 A n+<e( ader e); e'%:d: á!"r e$e(+n ne< (=dered<+n;e$en <e)!ir:%i a% =(án8:('á$!an $e<+'e ián;(ne< $%en&ed S%"&je(=ni:&a'9);ana"r e); &ára('an <e)e'% (á<adá$ e$e(+n e% a a?

(a'<a$ ader?"nUen(ráUi: a $%er&e%e(( indQ(á$ ián;á!an ne<+8e$ erej+ne (e'je$ +$ U+'irán;"$ i>ej(+$+re, <iá'(a' je'en($<+r(+!en <e));en)Q(e(9 A "rá!!i ered<+n;e$ &i''á<á!"?r (a8a$%(a'a(a, a n+<e( a("na i&á': >e);e'<e, e'$%án($á)a,arUi $%e''e<e, a (i$%(iar a);"<án;"$an j: $%er&e%+8e$$+)eee% na);"n i$ !i%(a(:9 E); $iere$ <e)e'% (á<adá$ a% e''en?$+)ne nee%en ie&ere( &e$%(e$+)e( +$ <"rá'i$ U$6))ed+$(""%a(9 A á!"r >"';(a(á$á"% U$a na); id&e$%(e$+))e' (=d>e'+$%6'ni9 A% i';en *r6'<+n; e$e('e) >e);&er$%6ne(re +$%(e(?e(i, a<e';ne &+)$ *&e(e%<+n;e aár !+e*(+$$e' i$ jára(9-inden( e);!e&e(&e a e';%e( +n;$%er+re (ein(e((e' N+?<e("r$%á) $%á<ára a 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$ <inden+88en e'n;*?$e!!, <in( a >e'(ar(:%(a(a(a('an $%"&je( ár<ádia $%er&e%e((en in?dQ("(( a)re$$%i:jána !e&árá$a9 A á!"r$ >e'e e<!er, >e'$%ere'+$22 -a);ar"r$%á)"n e'$ Q%!en a De<"ra(a UQ<P e(i'a8 8=!'iá'(a 19 jni=$



25?+n a 2?29 "'da'án J%+re B+'a (an='<án;á( a N+<e("r$%á)!an 1@? !en <e)je'en(# Vi("r S%=&"r"&# A j+)(*r Hi('er?S%(á'in $%á<Q(á$á!anUQ<en954

+$ =(án8:('á$i e';%e(+ne i$<ere(+!en $ajn"$ <ai (=dá$=na'$e< <"nda(=n <á$(9 Hi('er +$ a n+<e( ne<%e( err' a $%á<áraije'*'( +n;$%er8á';á(:' ne< $%a!ad='a("((9 E% a á!"r ne< N+<e("r$%á)na +$ a "%%á(ere'( $%*&e($+)e$eine á''"(( +rde+? !en, ane< +88en e''en>e'eine, 6'*n*$en a% E);e$6'( Á''a?<"na +$ a S%"&je(=ni:na9 Ai a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r( e%?de(!en i8r"&"á'(á# An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á), &+)6' <a)= $e<(=d(a i'+8ni !e''e, a á!"r =(án =);an"';an &e$%(e$$+ &á'(a,

<in( a% á'(a'= (e'je$en <e)$e<<i$Q(eni Q&án( N+<e("r$%á)9HQr$%er%i je'en(+$e!', a $%"&je( e''en$+)e$ <a)a(ar(á$á!:'a n+<e( &e%e(+$ );ana"d"(( arra, "); a% e'!!?=(:!! (á<adá$(indQ( <ajd N+<e("r$%á) e''en9 1419 <áj=$ ?án S%(á'in &e$%i á(-"'"("&(:' a <ini$%(ere'n*i (eende(9 );ane!!en a% id!enHe;driU Hi('er e);i !i%a'<a$a e'<"ndja SUe''en!er)?ne#FOr"$%"r$%á)!an a% e'+$%6'e(e "';an >en;e)e(e, "); a<a?r"$an (á<adá$( &ára(=n $%"&je( r+$%r'M 23 He;driU 1419 j?

ni=$ 10?i *$$%e>")'a': je'en(+$+!en Qrja# F7e!r=ár :(a >""%"((an>"';(a a(árinUiden$e, a<e';e a n+<e( a(ár <en(i 'a"$$á)ra'id+rUn;"<á$+n( nee%ed(e9 N+<e( á''a<8"')ár" a);"n'*&+$e+$ "r"$% "'da'r:' n+<e( >e'$+)(er6'e(re &a': á''and: '*&*'d*%+$&á'(")a(já e);<á$( $%aada('an 'ánU"'a(!an9 24Hi('er 1419 jni=$ 12?+n An("ne$U= (á!"rn" r"<án <i?ni$%(ere'n* <6nUeni 'á(")a(á$a"r (+r+8een i$<er(e(i a $%"&? je( a("nai >e'&"n='á$ r+$%'e(ei( 7inn"r$%á)(:' a r"<án a(ári)9Arr:' i$ (áj+"%(a((a# e);re $%a8"r"dna a% "r"$% !ere86'+$e n+?<e( (er6'e(re9 N+<e("r$%á) <+)i$ re<+n;ede(( a!!an, á(a e%U$a 8r"&"áUi: e); n+<e( (á<adá$ i+n;$%erQ(+$+re9 Ne< i$ &i?$%"n"%(a a%( a na);arán; U$a8a(>e'&"n='á$( a *%*$ a(árra,a<e';e( a% "r"$%" a 'en);e' >e);&ere a8i(='áUi:ja :(a <e)$%a?Q(á$ n+'6' >"';(a((a9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ (*r(+ne(Qrá$ <+)ne< (=d(a >e'(árni 8"n("$an Hi('er <i"r +$ i(' $%er%e(( in>"r<á?



Ui:( a S%"&je(=ni: 1419 j'i=$ ?i e'a(ár"%"(( (á<adá$ár:'9 E%U$=8án n+án; na88a', e$e('e) +((e' e'%e((e <e) a n+<e( 8re?&en(Q& (á<adá$(923 a'(er SUe''en!er) e<'+ira(ai 19 "'d9

24 );an"((# 39 "'d95Erre en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni <a)a Z$="& <ar$a''9 E<'+ira(ai? !an 'eQrja FZ$á<án;"'( (+r+8e!' +$ d"=<en(=<"!:' <e)?(=d(=, a n+<e( ad&e%e(+$ a a(ár *%&e('en *%e'+!en (*r(+n*$$%8"n("$Q(á$( U$a a% =("'$: 8i''ana(!an aj("((a &+)re +$ 8án?U+'"$ U$a8a(ai(, a<e';e je'en($ (á&"'$á)ra &"'(a, U$a jni=$22?re &irrad: +jje' &"n(a e're a <e)ind='á$i *r'e(e!e9 2

A $""'da'an <e)er$Q(e(( (+n;e *$$%e$$+)e j"!! <e)"'dá$Qján *n);i'"$ 8re&enUi:ra +$%(e(i a n+<e( "r<án;(9 1419 j?ni=$ 22?+n "ra re))e' Ri!!en(r"8 <a)á"% +re((e G;ea$%"n"& !er'ini $%"&je( na);*&e(e( a ad6%ene( á(adá$a U+'já!:'9 -ajd +(+((e' a (er&e%e(( $%"&je( (á<adá$( <e)e'%en N+<e("r$%á) 8re?&en(Q& U$a8á$( indQ("(( a S%"&je(=ni: e''en9 Bár S%(á'in 135?!ena(a'<a$ (i$%(")a(á$( &+)%e(( a V*r*$ Had$ere) (i$%(iará!an a%%a'a á($: $%ánd+a', ne"); a n+<e( (i$%(e á'(a' i+8%e(( $%"&je(

(i$%(e ár='á$( *&e$$ene e' N+<e("r$%á) ja&ára, a n+<e( ad&e?%e(+$ <+)i$ $%á<"$ á'(a'a "(a("(( $%"&je( (i$%((e' er6'( $%e<!e9-inda%", ai a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r( +$ <e)e'% e$e<+?n;ei( a );%(e$e e'adá$á!:' i$<eri, a n+<e(e =na'"<i) $%aj?:%"(( e);e('en$+)+!' j"))a' *&e(e%(e(ne arra, "); a n+<e((á<adá$ Qr+re 8áni >+'e'e< >")(a e' a $%*&e($+)e$ a(a'<a &e?%e(i(9 Hi$%en arr:' &"'(a <e));%d&e, "); Hi('er a &i'á)=ra?'"<ra (*r9 -ár8edi) ai i';en U+'( (P% <a)a e'+, a% j:%an <+r'e?)e'+$ a'a8ján n;i'&án <e));%d*(( (er&e i&ie($+)+r'9 N"$$%: $inU$ i';en >+'e'e<r', $"a' iná!! *r*<=jj"n)á$!an (*r(e i9 .6'*n*$en i)a% e% a% an)"' +$ a<eriai "r<án;ra9Da&ie$ &"'( <"$%&ai a<eriai na);*&e(, a<i"r a% ni(edre$$ (=d:$Q(:já(:' +r(e$6'( a $%á<ára *r&ende(e$ Qrr', (e'je$<e));%d+$$e' >ej(e((e i# F"); a n;=)a(i de<"ráUiá $%á<á?ra e% <enn;ire e'n;*$9 2 A% 1419 j'i=$ 5?i na8':je);%e(+!en



i$<+( >")'a'"%i &e'e +$ <e)á''a8Q(ja# FHi('er (á<adá$a a ne<(á<ad: á''a<" $%e<8"n(já!:' &a':$á))a' I$(en ajánd+a, +$ aS%"&je(=ni: e''ená''á$á( <inden 'ee($+)e$ <:d"n *$%(*n*%nie''9 25

2 Z$="&# E<'+e, )"nd"'a(" 1@29 "'d92 Da&ie$# Id+%e(( n*e R""$e&e'( 'e'6'e(+(9 -+) a%1419 a=)=$%(=$i A('an(i Jar(a (ár);a'á$án *r*<+ne U$U$? 8"n(já( je'en(i9 A% e);e('en (+<a, a<e';!en e%en a (anáU$"%á$"nJ=rUi''e' n+%e(a%"n"$$á)!an &"'(9 A (ár);a'á$ idej+n e);i &a?

U$"ra *%!eni !e$%+')e(+$ a'a'<á&a' R""$e&e'( +$ J=rUi''e);e(+r(e((e F999a% "); Hi('er <e)(á<ad(a a S%"&je(=ni:(, &a':?$á)"$ á'dá$na !i%"n;='(9 2@S%: $inU$ (eá( An)'ia +$ A<eria >+'e'<+r' a n+<e( &i?'á)=ra'"< <e)$%er%+$+ne &e$%+';e <ia((9 7en(i id+%e(e!' &i'á?)"$an +$ e);+r(e'<Pen <e)á''a8Q(a(: a á!"rQ( ne< a n+<e(e,ane< +88en e''ene%'e) An)'ia +$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" Q&án?(á9 Á< <e)n;er+$e +rde+!en <inde((en a S%"&je(=ni: e<!eri

er>"rrá$á( i);ee%(e <e)$%ere%ni9 E!!en a &e(+'ed+$!en a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" );%*((9 -+)8edi) a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(&e, <in(?a e% <inde((j6 er>e$%Q(+$+ne );6<*'U$e 'enne9 E((' <e)?$%+d6'&e J=rUi'' $%á<"'a('an=' á'd"%(a >e' An)'ia ja&ai( +$ á'?'Q("((a $"r"<8:!a a% "r$%á) <inden er>"rrá$á( a F*%*$ e''en$+)a F>a$i%<=$ +$ Hi('er 'e);%+$e +rde+!en9 Hi('er a'a(( J=r?Ui'' $%:a$%ná'a(á!an <inden e$e(!en N+<e("r$%á)"( e'' +r(e?ni, i$%en Hi('er( 8"n("$an <en(e((e <e) N+<e("r$%á) $%á<ára,<er( Hi('er n+'6' ne< 'e(( &"'na <:dja á!"r!a rán)a(ni +$ !ár<i';en >=rU$án an)%i i$ 'e);%ni N+<e("r$%á)"(9A n+<e( 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$ Qr+re J=rUi'' i$, +$ a <ind&+?)i) $e<'e)e$$+)+( an)"%(a(: R""$e&e'( i$ a%"nna' $%Qn( &a''"((9-inden $e)Q($+)e( <e)Q)+r(e S%(á'inna a á!"r >"';(a(á$á"%9 Ne< a !+e e';reá''Q(á$án <=ná'"d(a, ane< +88en a á!"r<inden ár"n &a': >"';(a(á$án9



Harr; H"8in$ r*&ide$en S%(á'in"% =(a%i, "); F>e'&e);e aadian;a)?rende'+$( Ne< $"a' +$!! Harri<an &e%e(+$+&e'*%*$ a<eriai?an)"' 6'd*(($+) =(a%i -"$%&á!a, "); aS%"&je(=ni:na n;j(and: $e)Q($+)r' (ár);a'j"n9 .*%*'(+ a

$%"&je( "r<ánn;a', "); a adi>e'$%ere'+$e $%á''Q(á$ána i%á?r:'a)"$ >e'(+(e'e, "); ne< *( 6'*n!++( N+<e("r$%á))a'9 2); (Pni <in( a% a<eriai, <ind a% an)"' &e%e(!en >e'?r+<'e(( a% 1159 +&i "r"$% >"rrada'"< *&e(e%(+!en a Lenin á'(a'2@ Ser_""d# Id+%e(( "rd=':ja (i$%(e'e(+re a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" 1419 n"&e<!er 5?+n a S%"&je(=ni:ra i$ i(er? je$%(i a *'U$*n!+r'e(i $%er%d+$ a(á';á(9 Bár e%( U$a >"r<ai a?(=$na Q(+'e(j6, i$%en A<eria e%( <e)e'%en i$ je'en($ a?di$%á''Q(á$"a( (e'je$Q(e(( a S%"&je(=ni: r+$%+re, a'i)a +$%8+n%>i?%e(+$ <e''e((9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" adii8ari $%á''Q(á$a +$ anna <+r(+e d*n( !e>"';á$( );a"r"'( a á!"r a'a='á$ára9 A (ee?

ráni "n>erenUián a% an)"' 6'd*(($+) enUe)+$+( e'árQ(and: <a?)a S%(á'in <"nd"((a# a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" *'U$*n!+r'e(i $%er%?d+$ a'a8ján (*r(+n $%á''Q(á$ai n+'6' e'&e$%(en+ a á!"r(9 N+?<e("r$%á) er>"rrá$ai +$ adii8ari (er<e'+$e e''eni a<eriai?an)"''+)i(á<adá$" *&e(e%(+!en e%e a $%á''Q(á$" <+) iná!! >e'?+r(+e'd(e9A á!"r$ $%*&e($+)e ia'a='á$ána n;i'&án"$$á)á&a' $en?i!en $e< <arad( +($+) a &+)ered<+n;( i''e(en9 J$=8án n+án;>ana(i=$ i(( a!!an, "); a n+<e(e a%( <e)n;ere(i9 E%e i$U$a a n+<e( (i("$ U$"da>e);&ere !e&e(+$+!en !Q%&a9 7"';(a i$ra+(a +$ a("<Q$+r'e(e <ind+( "'da'"n9 A% a<eriai >e'(+(e'e e!!en j"!!a &"'(a9 E'n;re i$ (e((e $%er(, de e% ne< !e>"';á?$"'(a a n+<e(?$%"&je( á!"r(9 A ja8án ne<%e( a%"n!an <ái) (ar(:$ajná'a(=nra á'd"%a(á=' e$e((9 A<eria $%Qn&a''á$a =(án <a)= an+<e(e i$ &i'á)"$an 'á((á a á!"r e'&e$%(+$+(9 Bár<i';en i?



e(e('en, <+) Hi('er i$, a n+<e( "r<án; i$9 -ár a n+<e(?$%"&je(á!"r i(*r+$e e'(( i$9 a=' SU<id(, Hi('er ("'<áU$a Qrja e<'+?ira(ai!an#FA<i"r Ri!!en(r"8 n+<e( 6'6);<ini$%(er 1419 <ár?

Ui=$ 25?+n -a($="a ja8án 6'6);<ini$%(erre' (ár);a'(Ber'in!en i>ej(i, "); a S%"&je(=ni: N+<e("r$%á) e''eni>en;e)e(+$e e$e(+n Hi('er +n;(e'en 'enne <e)(á<adniOr"$%"r$%á)"(9 N+<e("r$%á) a%"n!an ne< e)+$%en !i%?("$ a!!an, "); a S%"&je(=ni: e''eni á!"rja a n+<e(>e);&ere (e'je$ );%e'<+&e' +$ a% "r"$% ad$ere), &a'a?5@<in( a% "r"$% á''a< ("(á'i$ <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+&e' &+)%?

di9 30Bárd"$$; <a);ar <ini$%(ere'n* e'(( Hi('er 1419 <árUi=$23?án a))"da'"<<a' >ej(i i#F11@?Ua' e''en(+(!en, a<i"r Or"$%"r$%á)!an >"rra?da'"< &"'( +$ rende%e('en á''a8"(, <"$( e% a% "r$%á)$%er&e%e(( a(a'<i (+n;e%9 31A Bar!ar"$$a?(er& id"')"%á$ára &"na("%: =(a$Q(á$á( Hi('er +'e(e 'e)nee%e!! d*n(+$+ne ne&e%(e9 L"r"&iU$ "r&á( 6'6);?

<ini$%(er e'(( 1419 n"&e<!er 25?+n, a<i"r U$a8a(ai -"$%&aa'a(( á''na, n;Q'(an =(a' arra, "); N+<e("r$%á) e$e('e) e'&e$%Q(?e(i a á!"r(9 32E%e <a i$ i$<er( +$ >e'(ár( (+n;e9 A n+<e(e <+)i$ a''?)a(na, ne< ere$i a ne<%e( i)a%á(9 Enne 8edi) "<"'; "aie'', 'e);ene9 T' e);$%erP 'enne a%( á''Q(ani, "); N+<e("r$%á)&e%e(i!en ninU$ <e) a e'' ne<%e(i e'a(ár"%"(($á) +$ !á("r$á),enne (e'je$ *rP >e'(árá$á"% 8edi) 'ee(, "); <+)i$ i)a%9 J$a re<+'ni (=dj=, e% (a'án ne< i$ a na);"n (á&"'i j*&!en <+)i$<e)(*r(+ni, <er( enne (ar(:$ <e''%+$e a ne<%e(i *n(=da( +$ !6$%e$+) (e'je$ e'&e$%(+$+&e' jára(, a<e';ne *&e(e%(+!en N+<e("r$%á) >""%a("$an e'&e$%Q(i je'en'e)i (eUn"':)iai, )a%da?$á)i +$ $%er&e%+8e$$+)!e'i 8"%QUi:já( i$9A n+<e( 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$( *&e(en -a);ar"r$%á)"( i$ !e'e+n;$%erQ(i a S%"&je(=ni: e''eni á!"r!a9 Ha%án e$e(+!en



a%"n!an e% ne< 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$ (ján (*r(+n(, ane< $%"&je(a)re$$%i: &á'a$%'+8+$e+n(9 -a);ar"r$%á) ne< i$ 6%en( ada( aS%"&je(=ni:na, ane< H"r(; "r<án;%: =(a$Q(á$ára Bárd"$$;<ini$%(ere'n* a $%"&je( (á<adá$ a'a8ján !eje'en(e((e a 8ar'a?

<en(!en a adiá''a8"( !eá''(á(9 A $%"&je( a)re$$%i: a Ra: <e'?'e((i &a$(i $%ere'&+n; e''eni re86')+8er' (*r(+n )+88=$a(P%%dQ(á$á!an +$ a .a$$a e''en !"<!á%á$á!an *'(*(( (e$(e(9A% "r"$%" =);an a <ai na8i) (a)adjá, "); $%"&je( )+8e !"<!á%(á &"'na .a$$á(9 A ('6 <e)$%""(( $(Q'=$!an a n+<e?30 a=' SU<id(# Hi('er ("'<áU$a &"'(a< 3329 "'d931 Hi('er a(&ann;"'U (ár);a'á$a 19 *(e( 29 "'d932 );an"(( 1, *(e( 33@9 "'d9

5(ere >")(á9 A !"<!á!:' $%ár<a%: Uiri'' !e(P$ re8e$%dara!" 8edi) <inden +($+)e( i%árna, a<e';ee( a '+)i(á<adá$ e';?$%Qn+n (a'á'(a9 A 'e)>"n("$a!! (á<adá$i U+'8"n( a a$$ai >8"$(a,a"nnan a ne<%e(*%i Qr*%' á!e'e *$$%8"n("$='(a =);an?U$a !i%"n;Q(: er&e' !Qr9 A S%"&je(=ni: 133?1419 *%*((i 6'?+$ !e'8"'i(iája $eni!en $e< a); +($+)e(, "); a<eriai $%*?&e($+)!en +$%6'( e); e=r:8ai na); á!"rra9

A i&á'a$%("(( e''en$+) a "ra!e'i &i'á)8"'i(iai "n$(e'?'áUi:!an ne< i$ 'ee(e(( <á$, <in( N+<e("r$%á) +$ )a%da$á)i,)e"8"'i(iai &"n%á$*r%e(e, a<e';e% -a);ar"r$%á) i$%aQ(a?(a('an=' "%%á(ar("%"((9 Ha &i$$%a(ein(6n a S%"&je(=ni: -a?);ar"r$%á))a' a8U$"'a("$, <a <ár i$<er( (e&+en;$+)+re, ja!! !i%"n;Q(: erejP 'ánU"'a( d*!!en( <e) !enn6ne(9/=n)er( Arn:(; -iá'; a%án <"$%&ai *&e(e 13@9 j?ni=$ 20?i na8':je);%e(+!en a% a'á!!i >=rU$a <e)je);%+$( (a'á'j=#FLi(&in"& e"r a S%"&je(=ni: $%a!ad<P&e$ %$id: 6'6);<i?ni$%(ere -a);ar"r$%á))a' *%*$ a(ár( aar9 E *%*$ a(árra&"na("%: :aj ne< U$a Li(&in"&"( je''e<e%(e, ane< a <in?den"ri $%"&je( &e%e(+$(, =(:djá( -"'"("&"( i$9 Erre J=rUi''('$%ere%e((6n !i%"n;Q(+"(, ai H"8in$"% 1449 "(:!er 12?+nQr('e&e'+!en arr:' +r(e$Q(i (# a% "r"$%" i)en na); +rde'd+$( (a?n$Q(ana -a);ar"r$%á) irán(, $ (+&e$en F$%"<$%+djána ne&e%?



(+9 149 jni=$ 2?+n e% !e i$ *&e(e%i, a<i"r S%(á'in a%idei)'ene$ J$e$%'"&á "r<án;( .ár8á(a'ja á(adá$ára +n;$%erQ(irajna ja&ára9 E%%e' a r+):(a :aj("((, -a);ar"r$%á) á'(a' e);?á'(a'án ne< Q&án( $%"<$%+d$á) <e)&a':$='(9 .ri$(:>>; I$(&án

=);anU$a <"$%&ai *&e(6n 139 &+)+n 8"$(á%%a a 6'6);<i?ni$%(+ri=< r+$%+re a S%8=(n;i A)i(á("ra UQ"';:ira(139 deUe<!er 24?i $%á<á(, a<e';!en e); (+r+8 (a'á'a(:, a"'a% 14?!en rajná"% U$a("'( .ár8á(a'jai (er6'e( <ár rajnar+$%e+n( &an á!rá%"'&a9 J$a a rend ed&++r( e<'Q(j6 <e),"); e% a .ár8á(a'jai (er6'e( a!!an a% id!en -a);ar"r$%á) r+?$%+( +8e%i9 N;i'&án&a':, "); e $%"<$%+d$á) +rde+!en -a?);ar"r$%á)"( !e'e e''e(( +n;$%erQ(eni e); !i%("$ &e$%(+$re á'':

á!"r!a, a<e';ne !6n(e(+$e+n( F!i%("n$á)i 6(*% %:na+n(<ajd );ar<a(i i%$á<án;"'á$ a'á 'ee( &"nni9 E% 8edi) a ne<e$$%:'a<"a' $%"Uia'i$(a á''a<+n( e'"<<=ni%á'a(:, a'a'<a$id!en 8edi) a S%"&je(=ni:"% U$a("'a(:9 T*r(+ni <inde% a á?@0 !"r!an );%(e$ E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ An)'ia na);'e'P $e)Q($+?)+&e'9-inde%e i$<ere(+!en &aj"n j:%an '")iá&a' +($+)!e &"n?

a(:?e a .a$$á( !"<!á%: re86')+8e $%"&je( &"'(aW A +rd+$re<+) &á'a$%"'ni $e< e''9A $%a!ad<P&e$ (er&e% er>e$%Q(+$ei &+)6' i$ ered<+n;?n;e' jár(a9 E=r:8a 'án)"!an á''9 Ne"); Á%$ia i<aradj"n, r*?&ide$en a /a8án e''eni 8r"&"áUi:ja i$ e'+ri U+'já( +$ a á!"r &a?':!an &i'á)<+re(P&+ &á'i9 /"))a' ne&e%i (eá( <á$"di &i'á)á? !"rna9 -+re(ei( +$ 8=$%(Q(á$á( (ein(&e <e$$%e >e'6'<'ja a "%?%á +8e$( aár "8ere((?á!"rna i$ ne&e%e( e'$ &i'á)á!"r(9@1A SZOV/ETNIC -ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBO?RS /AVADAL-AZÁSAA% e'%<+n;e i$<ere(+!en (e'je$ <e)a'a8"%"(($á))a' ije?'en(e(j6 a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r &"'( a &i'á)(*r(+ne'e< 'e)na?);"!! )a%da$á)i &á''a'"%á$a9 A (ran%aUi:( i%ár:'a) a% E);e?$6'( Á''a<" !"n;"'Q("((a, !ár a 6'$ $%e<'+'ne ); (Pn(



<+) Hi('erne i$ "); an)"'$%á$% &á''a'"%á$r:' &an $%:9 A !e?(e) B"U (á!"rn" 1409 deUe<!er 3?án (*r(+n( <e)'á(")a(á$a"r Hi('er i>ej(e((e# je'e <=(a("%na Or"$%"r$%á) +$ a% E);e$6'(Á''a<" a8U$"'a(aina i+86'+$+re +$ er$Q(+$+re9 E% <+) a% ed?

di)in+' i$ &a':$%QnP!!+ (e$%i e); an)"'$%á$%?"r"$% &á''a'"%á$ &e?$%+';+( N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!en E%e a a8U$"'a(" ne< 140? !en, ane< <ár a S%"&je(=ni: 1339 +&i a<eriai di8'"<áUiai e'?i$<er+$+&e' e%dd(e9 A%( a%"n!an (a)adni e'', "); e!!en aá!"r!an Or"$%"r$%á) a ); j"!!an (e($%i# a S%"&je(=ni: i$ &á''a'"%:+n( &e(( r+$%(9 Le)>e'je!! a'&á''a'"%:( <"nda(?nán, de <+) e% $e< >edi (e'je$en a &a':$á)"(9 S"a' iná!! ai&i(e'e% <e)ne&e%+$e <"nda(: e';e$ne9 S%(á'in =);ani$ e'?

re ia'=d"(( ja&ada'<a%á$á+r( &i((e a á!"r &á):Qdjára 25 <i'?'i: Xja!!an a%( á''Q(já 20 <i''i:Y e<!er+(9 E%( a $%á<'á( (ere'ia% a% i$<ere('en $%á<, de <inden+88en na);"n je'en($ '+(?$%á< "<<=ni$(a e'i(, ai( S%(á'in +88en a á!"r <e)&Q&a(:?$á)a +rde+!en, <in( anna 8"(enUiá'i$ e''en%j+( &+)e%(e(e(( i9 Ne< (Pni (e'je$en irreá'i$na, a <+) a $"<i''i: +a'á''a' e'?&e$%(e(( e<!er+( i$ ide $%á<Q(j=9 109 =(án !ár<e'; "r"$%, &a);$%"&je( a'a((&a': j"))a' +rde%e((e &"'na <e)# &aj"n <e)+r(e?eW

Ha a S%"&je(=ni: "'da'ár:' Q&ánj= a +rd+$( <e)&á'a$%"'ni +$ a%eddi)i i$<ere(ein!' ind='=n i, a"r a(ár"%"(( ne<<e' e''&á'a$%"'n=n9 De a a S%"&je(=ni: 10?e$ á''Q(:'a)"$ F*$$%e"<?'á$ána >6))&+n;+!en 8r:!á'j= e F&á''a'"%á$ "$$% (á&<+r'e)+( <e)&"nni, a"r !i%"n; aár i)enne' i$ &á'a$%"'a(=n,de erre *n;&6n =("'$: >eje%e(ei!en <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9-indene$e(re a%( 'e e'' $%*)e%n6n# A S%"&je(=ni: a <á$"?di &i'á)á!"r( <e)e'%en e); e'<arad"(( >e=dá'i$ á''a< &"'(,+88en U$a <e)ind=': i8ar"$Q(á$$a'9 10?!en 8edi) e); je'en($,@2 !ár (eUn"':)iájá!an a% a("<, a ra+(a +$ a% Praj:%á$( i&+&e,e&+$!+ "r$%erP i8arra' +$ <e%)a%da$á)á!an iná!! &i$$%a>ej?'d, $e<<in( e're'+8 á''a<a'a='a(9 .a("nai (+ren 8edi) na);?a(a'"<9 Ide"':)iai *(*(($+)ei <ia(( a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ n;e?re$+)+(, a .e'e(?E=r:8ai $%"Uia'i$(a );ar<a(" )a%da$á)i in(e)?



rá'á$á(, anna ered<+n;ei( $"a' e&+$!+ (=d(a a$%n"$Q(ani,<in( a<i';en <+r(+!en e); j:' a'a'<a%"(( )a%da$á)i raUi"na'i?(á$$a' e% $ier6'e(e(( &"'na9A á!"r 'e)>!! );%(e$e $"a' j"!!an a$%ná'(a i a &i?

'á)+)+$ <inden 'ee($+)e$ )a%da$á)i "%ad+á(9 A<eria <a a%e);re );ara!!an &i$$%a(+r &á'$á)" e''en+re <in( a("nai'a),<in( )a%da$á)i'a) a &i'á) 'e)>ej'e((e!! na);a(a'<á&á n((e i<a)á(9 I)a% e!!en "';an e$%*%* i$ $e)Q(e((+, a<e';e e);e('en<á$ á''a<na, $e< );%(e$ne, <+) e&+$!+ &e$%(e$ne ne< á''(rende'e%+$+re9 Ide $"r"'a(j= a )a%da$á)i >*'+n;+&e' &a': >"?';a<a("$ +$ *n;*r(e'en &i$$%a+'+$(, a d"''ár ='U$&a'=(a $%ere8+(9A &i'á) <inden (er6'e(+ne a á!"r$ <e)>+'e<'Q(+$+(, a<e';

$"$%"r $" "r$%á)"( (e$% F"<8r"<i$$%=<+8e$$+ a $ajá( n+8e,a%ája árára9An)'iá(, <+) e&+$!+ 7ranUia"r$%á)"(, ai 8edi) &i'á) á(?rende%+$+( 'ee(&+ (+&e á!"r( i8r"&"á'(á, ne< (ein(e(j6 a na); &á''a'"%á$ n;er(e$eine9 S"a' iná!! &e$%(e$eine9-ind+( a(a'"< je'en($ );ar<a(i (er6'e(ee' rende'e%e(( i%á?r:'a)"$ >e'6);e'e((e'9 A F);%(e$ á!"r =(án e%e a !ir("" *ná'':$='(a, r+)i );ar<a((ar(:i a 'á($%a( <e)r%+$e +rde+!en

'a%a á''a<$%*&e($+)i ere(!en 8r:!á'já <+) <e)(ar(ani e(9 A);ar<a(i (er6'e(e (er<e'+$+ne a$%ná( 'e)iná!! a% E);e$6'(Á''a<" >*'*%i 'e9 A &"'( );ar<a(" $" e$e(!en iná!! (ere(,<in( e'n;( je'en(ene "rá!!i 'ei)á%:ina9 Ha a%( <"ndanán,"); An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r &e$%(e$ a?(a'<ai *%+ (ar("%na, $"a' *%e'e!! járnán a% i)a%$á)"%,<in( a<i"r a%( á''Q(j=, a $%*&e($+)e$ "a'QUi: );%(e$ (a)jai9 N+%%6 <e) *%e'e!!r' <i( i$ F$%ere%(e a <á$"di &i'á)?á!"r$ $%ere8'+$6e' a );%(e$ á''a<" +$ <i( &e$%(e((e a&e$%(e$eW A S%"&je(=ni: a <a)a F>i%e($+)+( ne< U$a a á!"rFi&i(e'e%+$+ne <e)e%d+$e e'(( *(*((e i, ane< >"';a<a("?$an %$ar"'(a F<e)rende'i(9 E% 6'*n*$en >e'er$*d*(( N+<e("r?@3$%á) 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$á( *&e( e'$ id$%a!an, de a +$!!i?e!en i$9



A n+<e( 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$ (e'je$Q(e((e a "%%á>P%*(( re<+?n;ee(9 Ered<+n;e <+) a n+<e(ee( i$ <e)'e8(e9 .+( +( a'a((U$ane< 00 < <+';en n;"<='(a !e a S%"&je(=ni: (er6'e(+re9A% e'$ na8"!an 4?@00 "r"$% arU"U$i $e<<i$6' <e), e'+?

8e$%(en $" adi>")';"( ej(ene, ren)e(e) adi>e'$%ere'+$( %$á?<án;"'na9 O(:!er 2?án <á( <e)e%di -"$%&a "$(r"<á(9 );(Pni J=rUi'' $%á<Q(á$ai!a $';"$ i!á U$$%(a9 S%(á'in $%á?<Q(á$ai &i$%"n( ra&a$%a!!a &"'(a9 -inden !i%"nn;a' <+) a n+?<e( <e)e'% (á<adá$ e'(( +$%6'( e); an)"'\a<eriai\$%"&? je( $%*&e($+)i $%er%d+$ i<"nd"((an a N+<e("r$%á) e''eni á!"?r$ e);6((<P*d+$re9 E% a $%er%d+$ >e'(ee(en id8"n( n+'6' (ar(a'<a%a((a e); an)"'?a<eriai r+$%&+(e''e' '+(re"%and: <á?

$"di >r"n( <e)n;i(á$á(9 A% er(e'je$ n+<e( "8eráUi: *&e(e%(+? !en a<e'; e'' a $%"&je( ader 'á($%:'a) (er&$%erP('en6', a &a':?$á)!an +$%aar&a á(rá'(, S%(á'in <ár j'i=$ 1@?án a'i) e); :?na8 <'&a J=rUi''"% Qr( e'$ 'e&e'+!en *&e(e'i a <e)Q)+r(<á$"di e=r:8ai >r"n( <e)n;i(á$á(9 J=rUi''ne a%"n!an e% <ár ne< $6r)$9 Or$%á)a >e'' <inden !i%"nn;a' &+)'e) e'(Pn( a n+?<e( in&á%i: &e$%+';e, S%(á'in &+)e%%e U$a a <a)a d"')á(9 S%(á'ine);re );a"ri!! $6r)e(+$e e'' &á'")a("(( <:d"n (+r i9 J=rUi''

>"nd"r'a("$ iá(rá'á$á( 'á(&a S%(á'in R""$e&e'(n+' 8r:!á'"%i,a%"n!an e%((a' i$ a$"n': >a'a!a 6(*%i9 A <e)!Q%: e);e'rene< aj'and: a i&i(e'e% $%ere8+( á(&enni9S%(á'in e);re an)"$a!! *&e(e'+$ei n;"<án, 'á(&a a adi>e'?$%ere'+$!en &a': a(a'<a$ &e$%(e$+)ee(, <e));"r$Q(já a% an)"'?a<eriai adi$%á''Q(á$"a(9 A <ár a á!"r i(*r+$e e'(( 'e(ár?);a'( +$ id"')"%"(( $%er%d+$(, 1429 <áj=$ 2?án <ajd 1429 j?ni=$ 11?+n !&Q(e(( >"r<á!an jra <e)*(i9 A% a<eriai?$%"&je($e)+';n;j(á$i $%er%d+$( i$ Fie)+$%Q(i9 A $e<'e)e$ Irán an?)"'\$%"&je( <e)$%á''á$á&a' &a':$á))a' *<'i a ad>e'$%ere'+$ +$a 6'*n!*% n;er$an;a)" (*<e)e a S%"&je(=ni:!a9A á!"r ""rdiná'á$a An)'ia, A<eria +$ a S%"&je(=ni: 'e)?>e'$!! &e%e(i *%*(( (á&ira(i 6%ene(e >"r<ájá!an >"';i9 E% a%in>"r<áUi:U$ere +$ e);e%(e(+$ <+) Ja<!er'ain <ini$%(ere'n*?$+)e idej+n ind='( +$ An)'ia á!"r =(áni ia8U$"'á$á&a' <ind a



<ai na8i) (ar(9@4Bár a á!"r !eind='á$a e'(( a S%"&je(=ni:&a' <e)*(*(($%er%d+$e!en 8"n("$an *r6'a(ár"'(á a á!"r =(ánija?

&ada'<a%á$á( X(er<+$%e(e$en a <á$" ja&ai!:'Y a% "$%("%"dá$<inden á''a<*%i (ár);a'á$"n $%:!a er6'9 S%(á'in <inden a'a?'"<<a' e<e'ni i);e$%i a (+(e(9 E); a'a'"<<a' <+) Ba&er? !r"" an)"' >e);&ere%+$i <ini$%(er i$ e$erPen je);%i <e)#Fe'!! <e) e'' n;erni a á!"r(9A<ire J=rUi'' $%á<Q("((, "); a% an)"' &ár"$" n+<e( !"<!á%á$a, &a); a (en)era'a((jár: U$a(á i$%+'e$ed+$+&e' A<eri?a !e'+8 a á!"r!a, &á'")a("(( $%:n"i >")á$ai e''en+re U$a ne<

aar !e*&e(e%ni9 S(, a% An)'ia r+$%+re (e'je$Q(e(( adi$%á''Q(á?$" i$ e);re a8adna9 A% a<eriai adi(er<e'+$ %*<+( a S%"&je(?=ni: a8ja, &i$$%a(ar(and: ( e); e$e('e)e$ $%"&je(?n+<e( 6'*n!?++(', a<e';ne &Q%i:ja $ $%"&je( U$a8a(" á(rá'á$á&a' e);re);ara!!an r+<'i >e' R""$e&e'(!en i$, J=rUi''!en i$9 É88ene%+r( a S%"&je(=ni: A<eria r+$%+r' i&+(e'e$ e'!áná$!an r+$%e?$6'9 J=rUi'' e);re iná!! <e''%*((ne +r%i <a)á(, ); )"n?d"'ja, a a ia'a=':!an '+& e';%e( An)'ia r"&á$ára ("&á!!

r"<'i, a á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án <+) a );%(e$e a$%(a'á"% $e<Q&já <e)9 A &i'á)ra $%:': na); á!"r$ "$%("%"dá$ n+'6'e(*r(+ni <e)9 E%( a $%+);en( An)'ia ne< (=dná e'&i$e'ni9 Va'a<i((enni e'', a<Q) ne< +$M V+)$ +($+)!ee$+$+!en $%e<+';e$(a'á'"%:ra Q&ja R""$e&e'( e'n**(9 Harr; H"8in$, e!!en a%id!en A<eria '"nd"ni na);*&e(e, <+) i$ $%er&e%i a (a'á'"%:(1419 a=)=$%(=$ e'$ >e'+!en j?7=n'and"n9A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'(( a% e)+$% &i'á) An)'iá( (ein(e((ea &i'á)a(a'"< <e)(e$(e$Q(j+ne9 E% a &i'á)$%e<'+'e( <ár e'+)"$$% ideje (*re('en6' (ar("((a <a)á(9 A% an)"'" i$ <e)$%"(á,"); $%in(e a% e)+$% &i'á) &a'a<i';en >"r<á!an ad:>i%e(j6+&á'(9 -á$ á''a<" e);<á$$a' a8U$"'a("$ &i(ái!an i$ <indi) e'já(?$%"((a a d*n(!Qr: $%ere8+( +$ e%%e' a$%"n+'&e%j+&+ i$ &á'(9 E% a 8"%QUi: 'á($%"(( <e)in)ani a% a<eriai 8a(r"ná'á$$a' i(*r( +$ &e?$%+';e$ >"rd='a("( &e(( n+<e(?$%"&je( á!"r&a'9 Ér(e(, ");



J=rUi''( $';"$ +($+)e );*(*r(+9A% an)"' <ini$%(ere'n* Q$+re(e e); e<!er+n( <e) &"'();%d&e arr:', "); >n*6 +e$$%:': +r&ei a(á$ára R""$e&e'()"nd"'"dá$ n+'6' "%%á>") <ajd a% a<eriai "n)re$$%=$ <e)?

d"')"%á$á"%, +$ a'ad+(a'an=' ada( 6%en N+<e("r$%á)na9@An)'ia r+$%+re 8edi) "r'á('an=' <e)n;i(ja a adi$%á''Q(á$" %$i?'i8j+(9 Nai&=' a%( i((+, "); a% A<eriai adi(er<e'+$ á!"r$ e'?"$%(á$á( <ajd An)'ia &+)%i9 Ann;i( +$ "';an 6(e<!en $%á''Q( ("?&á!! a S%"&je(=ni: r+$%+re, a<enn;i( +$ a<i"r j:na 'á(9 E%á'(a'a á!"r (e'je$ irán;Q(á$a An)'ia e%+!e er6' <ajd9 A% <e) $e<

>"rd='( a >ej6!en, "); A<eria a adi$%á''Q(á$" >ej+!en, anna *'U$*n!+r'e(i dQján >e'6' +88en An)'ia +($+)!eej( e';%e(+(ia$%ná'&a <+) e);e!e(, 8"'i(iai e''en$%"')á'(a(á$( i$ +r <ajd9 -ár8edi) +r(, +$ ne< i$ aár<i';en(9J=rUi'' (='ajd"n+88en i((, a% A('an(i Jar(a (ár);a'á$ain&e$%Q(e((e e' a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r(9 A (ár);a'á$" <ene(rendj+(,an)='a(á(, ne<6'*n!en a% ered<+n;+e% &e%e( ( e&+$!+ 8=!'i=$ je'en$+)ei( a <ai na8i) i%ár:'a) R""$e&e'( >iána

*n;&+!' i$<erj69 E''i"(( R""$e&e'( &+)i) r+$%( &e(( a% A('an(iJar(a (ár);a'á$ain9 A8já&a' <e)'+& !en$$+)e$ &i$%"n;a 'ee?(&+ (e$%i, "); (*!! +$ (ár);i'a)"$a!! in>"r<áUi:&a' $%"')á'j"n,<in( a 6'd*(($+) !ár<e'; (a)ja9 A% FA8á< Q); 'á((a UQ"n("$a!!>"rrá$+n( a$%ná'a(j=9R""$e&e'( +$ J=rUi'' (ár);a'á$ai&a' 8ár=%a<"$an a("nai 8aranU$n"ai i$ e<+n; (ár);a'á$"a( >"';(a((a9 ); (Pni a%a<eriaia j"!!an (=d(a +rde%ni9 A% an)"' &á'a$%"!:' U$a?a<ar re"n$(r=á'a((á a &a':$á)"(9 -+)8edi) a%(, "); a á!"?r >"';(a(á$á"% An)'ia na);<+r(+!en rá$%"r=' a% a<eriai a?dii8ari $%á''Q(á$"ra9 R""$e&e'( *r*<<e' (a8a$%(a'(a, "); a á!"?r i$%+'e$ed+$+&e' A<eria n+'6' a% an)"' !ir"da'"< e';%e(e>"r") "Uán9 Hide) >ejje' *n;*r(e'en6' i i$ a$%ná'(a An)'ia$%"r='( e';%e(+(9 -+) a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r$ <e''%+$++r( i$ !e?



n;j("((a a $%á<'á(9A% a<eriai e'n* Q<+'e('en6' $%a!(a <e) >e'(+(e'ei(9 Ne<a);"(( +($+)e( a>e'', "); a á!"r =(án <e) e'' &á'("%(a(nia% e)+$% );ar<a(i rend$%er(9 A &i'á)ere$ede'e<!en a 'e)(e'je?

$e!! $%a!ad$á) e'' +r&+n;e$6'j*n9 Le e'' +8Q(eni <inden <e$?(er$+)e$ "r'á("%á$(9 E)+$%$+)e$ )a%da$á)i &er$en;re, n;Q'( 8ia?U"ra, a (en)eri aj:%á$ 'e)(e'je$e!! $%a!ad$á)ára &an $%6$+)9 En+'6' a (ar(:$ !+e ne< !i%("$Q(a(:9 J=rUi'' iá!a <a);ará%?"d"((, iá!a +r&e'( a !ri( !ir"da'"< ere$ede'<i $%er%d+$eine @(er<+$%e(+&e', "); a );ar<a(" a !ir"da'"< na);$á)ána a'a8? jai9 R""$e&e'( aj(a(a('an <arad(9 H a <á$"r ne<, á( <"$(

!i%("$an e$%+!e j=("(( Hi('er aján'a(a a !ir"da'"< a(áraina &+?de'<+re9 A $%i<a(á( &e$%(e(( $%a!ad<P&e$ á!"r$ 6%+r U$a8?dá!a er6'(9 Há!"r$ $8e='áUi:ja !a'=' $ier6'(9 ); (Pni R""$e&e'(!en e<!er+re (a'á'(9 Hi('er( <e)<en(e((e (á!"rn"ai*$$%ee$6&+$+(', $ajá( !ir"da'<á(, 'e)a'á!!i$ a r+)i >"r<ájá!ane'&e$%(e((e9 A"); Hi('er ed&enU $%'")en+!' i$<erj6# FAn)'ia<ár e'&e$%(e((e a á!"r(, U$a <+) ne< i$<eri !e9 Le)j"!! (=?dá$=n $%erin( <a i$ i)a%"'a(j= Hi('er !*'U$e$$+)+(9 E $';"$

e'e8U+!' J=rUi'' <ár ne< $%a!ad='a("((9 A% á'(a'a >e');j?("(( á!"r (6%+( e'"'(ani <ár ne< 'ee(9 S%a!ad<P&e$ '+(+rene< i$ á'' <:djá!an9 =);an"';an e$%*% a $%a!ad<P&e$$+)e%+!en, <in( a% =("'$: (en)er+$%);a'")"$9 Nei +88en ); e''(e'je$Q(eni a rár:(( >e'ada("(, <in( a á!"r$ )+8e%e( !ár<e'; (a)? jána# A 6'*n!$+) U$=8án ann;i, "); $%e<+';i +n;e'<e, a<a)ára >"rdQ(a(: an;a)i ja&a *$$%e$$+)e na);"!!9 De e% i$ in?á!! iraa(, $e<<in( $%6$+)$%erP$+)9 Lá(a((=, +'e(e a'"n;án<+) an;a)i %a&ar!a i$ er6'(9J=rUi'', &+)6' >e'i$<er&e <e)&á'("%(a(a(a('an e';%e(+(,<e)adja <a)á( $"r$ána9 A (ár);a':(ere<!en ide)e$en >e', $ a'á járá'&a, e$e(en+n( <ajdne< >=(&a **)&e <"ndja <+) a <a?)á+(, <ajd R""$e&e'( e'(( <e)á'', d6*$en i>aad#FE'n* r, a%( i$%e< Ön <e) aarja d*n(eni a% an)"' !ir"da'<a(, <inden )"nd"'a(, a<e';e( Ön a á!"r =(á?



ni &i'á) $%ere%e(+r' a >ej+!en >"r)a(, erre a $%ánd+ra<=(a(9-inda%"ná'(a' ia <e$(erien Qrja 'e a +($+)!ee$e(( J=rUi'' 'e'?+!en %aj': >"';a<a("(933 E''i"(( R""$e&e'(# A8á< Q); 'á((a 3?491 "'d9@5J=rUi'' (eá( >e'ad(a a% +&$%á%ad" a'a(( <e)$%er%e(( );ar?<a(" <inden e'n;+( A<eria ja&ára9 I)a% U$a n+eje%+$e =(án 'e$% e$ed+e$9O';an :$%a Qrer' i$ a''"((=n, "); R""$e&e'( a'á'á(, a<e';r*&iden a á!"r &+)e e'(( *&e(e%e(( !e, ne< !e(e)$+)e ""%?(a, ane< an)"' +<e <e)<+r)e%(+9 A Qr( (er<+$%e(e$en )a?ran(á'ni ne< (=dj=, <in( a"); )"nd"'"dá$ n+'6' e'&e(ni $e<9J=rUi''ne =);ani$ na);"n i$ +rde+!en á''"(( R""$e&e'(a'á'a9 Oa' )"nd"'a((a =(:dai (a'án ne< (=djá, e$e('e) ne< i$aarjá <ajd !eaj(ani raj(a a% A('an(i Jar(á!an &á''a'(aa(9 Hi?

$%en (=dj=, a á!"r =(án a%( ja&a$"'(a R""$e&e'( *r**$eine,"); ("&á!!ra i$ (ar($á >enn *%*$en a% an)"' );ar<a("ra a á? !"r idej+n (e'e8Q(e(( a("nai (á<a$%8"n(jaia(9 E% e);!en 'ee(?&+ (e((e &"'na a%" &á'("%a('an <e)(ar(á$á(9 T='ajd"n+88en e%(J=rUi'' e); 'á(en$ $%"&je(e''ene$ +''e' (e((e, <i&e' >e'i$<er(e,"); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a );ar<a(i &i$%"n;" á(a'aQ(á$á(,"); e)+$%en 8"n("$a 'e);6n a );ar<a(" jrae'"$%(á$á( U$a aS%"&je(=ni: $e)Q($+)+&e' (=dja &+)reaj(ani9 Enne e'árQ(á$a +r?de+!en $%Q("((a >e' J=rUi'' a% *(&en +&i) (ar(: ide)á!"r 'á(?$%a(á(9 J$a"); Tr=<an +$ (ár$ai >e'i$<er(+ J=rUi'' !"'$e?&i%<=$ e''eni d6*n)+$+ne r=):i(9 -e$(eri <:d"n >")(á i &i?("r'ájá!:' a $%e'e'9 -a)= i$ ráá''(a a S%"&je(=ni: $%a8='á$ára,<i*%!en (i("!an e);e%(e((+ a% "r"$%"a' a !ri(, >ranUia, "'?'and, !e')a $(!9 );ar<a(" F>e'$%a!adQ(á$ána <:djá( +$ 6(e<+(9A% "r"$%" a%(án U$"dá'a(ra<+'(: <:d"n 'á%Q("((á >e' a a8i(a?



'i%<=$ i%$á<án;"'á$a e''en a i$%e<e'( );ar<a("a(, <ajd a'?a'<a$ 8i''ana(!an a% e);i a8i(a'i%<=$!:' a <á$i!a já($%"((á á( e(9 .*%!en $eni $e< >i);e'( "da $';ána <e)>e'e'en,"); e%e a% "r"$% (i("$ 6);n** á'(a' >e'%a'a("(( );ar<a("?

na a )a%da$á)i a$%na ne< a% "r"$% á''a< *'($+)&e(+$+!e &án?d"r"'(a, ane< a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" rea'i%á'(a9 Ne< er6'e( <+) a +rd+$# Vaj"n a de<"ráUiájá(:' "';Qre$ An)'ia <ini$%(ere'n*+ne e);<a)á!an a "r<án;, <+)iná!! a 8ar'a<en( j:&áa);á$a n+'6' j")a &"'(?e aárU$a er?*'U$i'e) i$ i';en <:d"n e':(;a&e(;+'ni a !ir"da'"< +&$%á%ad" a'a(( <e)$%er%e(( +$ aár<i';en <+r(+!en i$, de <+)i$U$a >ej?'e$%(e(( !ir("ai(W Vá'a$%"'ni ); )"nd"'"< $%6$+)(e'en9 N+8e

'á($%:'a) U' >")ad(a9 -+'(a('an"dá$ána a%"n!an a á!"r !e>e?@@ je%+$+&e' na);"n i$ a(ár"%"(( je'+( ad(a9 A $"r"n *&e(e% 8ar?'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$"a( +88en a "($daerenUia idej+n (ar?("((á9 J=rUi'' 8ár(ja e%en a &á'a$%(á$"n <e)!="((9 ); J=r?Ui'' a% ann;ira áQ("(( á!"r$ "$%("%"dá$"n, U$a a% e'$ id?$%aá!an &i''")a("((, <ajd =(:da A(('ee >eje%(e !e9 N;=)"d(aná''Q(a(j= An)'ia ja&ára <inden e'n; <e)$%er%+$e n+'6'9 -+) a

&+'e<+n;+( i$ a'i) +rde%(+, <+) e&+$!+ a'')a((á <a)9 N+<e("r$%á)"% a$"n':an A<eria /a8án( i$ (á<ad: á!"?r!a U$a'(a9 A $%Q&:$ ne<%e(e( U$a a n='eári$ "'"a=$%( &+)re?aj(á$á&a' (=d(a <e)(*rni9 A Hir"$i<ára +$ Na)a$%aira 'ed"!"((a("<!"<!á <ind<ái) i%ár:'a) a% E);e$6'i Á''a<" eddi)<e)("r'a('an >e'e'$$+)+&e' &"n='(a e a% e<!eri$+( (*r(+ne(+!e9A% a("<!"<!á( a $%a!ad<P&e$ ne<%e(*%i %$id:$á( Q$+r'e?(e%(e i A<eria 8+n%+n9 Be&e(+$e =);anU$a %$id: (anáU$ra (*r?(+n(9 Ne+% $%Q&&e' =);an, de id+%n+< a Bi!'ia e); na);"n !*'U$<e)á''a8Q(á$á(# FAi >e);&erre' *', <a)a i$ >e);&er á'(a' &+$% e'9J$a re<+'ni (=dj=, "); I$(en e);e'<e <e)<en(i e(('A<eria n+8+(9 N+<e("r$%á) +$ +n;$%er$%*&e($+)e$ei *$$%e%%á$a =(án aár"< Na); a");an <a)=a( ne&e%(e((+ 149 j'i=$ 15?+n6' *$$%e a Ber'in <e''e((i "($da<!an, "); a 'e(e8er( ne<%e(e



ja&ain "$%("%"djana9 J=rUi'' $%:a$%ná'a(á( *'U$*n&+&e a%F"$%(a'+ ('n;"<: r+$%+( a S%"&je(=ni: a8(a9 I';en $%+);en'e?(e$ ra!'á$( a% Qr"(( (*r(+ne'e< ne< i$<er9 A á!"r!a+n;$%erQ(e(( N+<e("r$%á) )a%da$á)i er>"rrá$ai( (e'je$ <+r(+!en

i>"$%(já9 Ter<e' )+8ei( 'e$%ere'i +$ a S%"&je(=ni:!a $%á''Q(já,a"' (*!!$+)+( 6%e<!e $e< á''Q(já, ane< a $%a!ad +) a'a(( (á?r"'&a a r"%$da <ar(a'+á&á &á'i9A .e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a<"a(# -a);ar"r$%á)"(, Len);e'"r$%á?)"(, B=')áriá(, R"<ániá(, J$e$%'"&áiá(, N+<e("r$%á) e'e(i >e?'+( e); r*&id idei) <+) A'!ániá( i$ );ne&e%e(( 6(*%%:na+n( aS%"&je(=ni: );ar<a(á&á (e$%i9 A !a'(i á''a<"a( 8edi) <ár a á? !"r a'a(( !ee!e'e%i a S%"&je(=ni:!a9

E%ene a% á''a<"na ne<U$a a% an;a)i ja&ai( !"U$á(já aS%"&je(=ni: rende'e%+$+re, ane< $%=&ereni(á$á( i$9 T*!!e *?%*(( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ An)'ia e%%e' >i%e((e <e) a S%"&je(?=ni: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ $%ere8'+$+(9 A 'e)*nn;e!! d"'") <á?$" ja&ai!:' <e)>i%e(ni a nei (e(( $%"')á'a("a(9 A 'e)>!! $%a?@ !ad<P&e$ a(a'<a( <e)(e$(e$Q( A<eria enne );a"r'a(á(<e$(eri $%in(re e<e'(e +$ );a"r"'ja <ind a <ai na8i), J$a re?

<+'ni (=dj=, "); e);"r a $ajá(, )"n"$%=' <á$"(:' *$$%era!"'( ja&ai i$ erre a $"r$ra er6'ne9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<", An)'ia +$ a S%"&je(=ni: e .e'e(?E=r:8ai j );ar<a(" ije'*'+$+&e' ne< &"'(a (ein(e((e' arra,"); e%e a% á''a<" >"';(a((a?e á!"r( a S%"&je(=ni:, &a); a$%*&e($+)e$e !ár<e';ie e''en9 -a);ar"r$%á) e''en á'$%en( <:?d"n a%%a' +r&e'(e, "); a%+r( e'' &i$e'je $"r$á(, <er( &"'( ai('eri N+<e("r$%á) =("'$: U$a(':$a9 N" de Len);e'"r$%á)W Ai(+88en a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r ir"!!an(á$a +rde+!en d"!(a "dae);idejP'e) a n+<e( +$ a $%"&je( adi)+8e%e( e);e('en$+)+ne9Va); J$e$%'"&áia, R"<ánia, B=')áriaW Va'a<enn;ien $"a'na);"!! $%"')á'a("( (e((e a $%*&e($+)e$ene, <in( N+<e("r?$%á)na9 H");an $%a((a &i$%"n( <e) O'a$%"r$%á) +$ A=$%(riaWAi 8edi) $"a' iná!! "%%ájár='(a N+<e("r$%á) á!"rjá?"%, <in( -a);ar"r$%á)9



-i>+'e rende%e'& a'a8ján d*n(*((+ e' i( !6n(e$$ene +$ i(neW Re<+'j6 e);$%er &á'a$%( a8=n <ajd e%ere a j:%an '")iá?&a' <e) ne< &á'a$%"'a(: +rd+$ere9A%%a' <a);ará%(á a% F6(*% %:na ia'aQ(á$á(, "); arra a

S%"&je(=ni: !i%("n$á)a +rde+!en &an $%6$+)9 Ne"); e);ja!! i($%e) (á<adá$ +re$$e a% "r"$%"a(9 E%+r( a $%"<$%+dá''a<" a S%"&je(=ni: F+rde*r+!e e'', er6'jene9 Ne&e($+)e?$e!! +r&e'+$( e' $e< 'ee( +8%e'ni, i$%en Len);e'"r$%á)"n +$R"<ánián Q&6' e);i á''a< $e< $%"<$%+dja a S%"&je(=ni:na9-a);ar"r$%á) i$ U$a a J$eere +n;$%erQ(e< .ár8á(a'ja á(?adá$á&a' &á'( a%%á9 Hi$%en (=dj= Li(&in"& +$ a $%"&je( 6'6);<i?ni$%(+ri=< <ár 13@9 :(a, de <inden !i%"nn;a' "rá!!an i$ rend?

Q&6'i <:d"n (*reede(( a <a);ar $%"<$%+d$á)ra9 Enne +rde+? !en +n;$%erQ(en+ a <a);ar"r$%á)i $%a!ad<P&e$ %$id:$á) $e?)Q($+)+&e' a S%"&je(=ni: e''eni á!"r!an &a': r+$%&+(e're9 N+'?6'6 =);ani$ -a);ar"r$%á) a $%"&je( a)re$$%i: e''en+re $e<&a':$%QnP, "); >e'&e$%i a e$%(;P(9A% *(&en +&e$ :d"'($á) ideje a'a((, de a%:(a $e< e$e(( $%: e$%"Uia'i$(ána ne&e%e< 6'*n*$ ra!$%"')a$á) id(ar(a<ár:'9 A 'e?%aj'"(( e$e<+n;e!' Q(+'&e e%( *(&en +&!en a(ár"%(á <e)9 S%e?

renU$+re e%( n+án; +&&e' "rá!!an <e)$%6n(e((+, de enne 0"aira <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9 Hi$% *n;&6n >e'ada(á=' (P%(e &a':di"aina >e'(árá$á(9A% a'=$%" $%e<+';e n+<i'e) e'(+r a "rá!!i á!"r$ 6%+?re+('9 A% a<eriai de'e)áUi:( R""$e&e'( a'á'a <ia(( Tr=<an,An)'iá( J=rUi'' !=á$a <ia(( a (ár);a'á$" <á$"di r+$%+!enA(('ee +8&i$e'i9 S%(á'in a% a $%i'a$%i'árd 8"n(, ai a á!"r( a%e'ej+(' &+)i) $%e<+';e$en &e%e((e9 .6'*n'e)e$ e';%e(+( i i$>")ja a$%ná'ni9 S%á<"$ j$6(e(P *&e(e'+$+r' a%( á''Q(ja, "); ar?ra R""$e&e'( nei Q)+re(e( (e((9 Tr=<an 8edi) a ide)á!"r$ 8r"? 8a)anda e''en+re, ne<"); &i$$%a&e(( a%"!:', ane< <+) <e)i$ ("'d"((a9A S%"&je(=ni: j );ar<a(aira a% a<eriai $%e<>+n;&e$%(+$?ne i$ e'e)e( (+&e a $%"&je( <e)$%á'': ader( $%"r"$an *&e(&e







)a'<a, e);$+)e$ e(ni=<a r+&+n *$$%ea$"n'Q(a(a('an $%er&e%e((?$+)+&e' 8:("'ja <inda%"a( a% e'n;*e(, a<e'';e' An)'ia i$,7ranUia"r$%á) i$ rende'e%i9 E!!en a &"na("%á$!an A<eria$" r+$%re (a)"'( <=naereje &er$en; $%e<8"n(já!:' ne< $"r"'?

a(: a n+<e( +$ /a8án <=ná$$a' e); a(e):riá!a9 E á(rán;" ie);en'Q(+$+re ninU$ <á$ <:d, <in( e); na); á!"rQ(&aY N+<e(?"r$%á) +$ /a8án iri);'+$re <+'(: &i(a'i(á$á( <e)(*rni +$ &i$$%a&er?ni, a );ar<a((ar(: !ir("aina á(rende%+$e, a%" ja&aina <e)?"$%(á$a9 E);$%erP!!en >")a'<a%&a anna <e)$%er%+$e a% a<eri?ai i8ar $%á<ára9 N+<e("r$%á) +$ /a8án 'e);%+$e e); &i'á)á!"r $"rán,a<e';e% a% an)"'\>ranUia er>"rrá$" &+)i<erQ(+$+i) !e&"n?

a(:, <ind+( U+' e'+r+$+e% i&á':an a'a'<a$a9 'á(a(a('an$%a!ad<P&e$ &i'á)"r<án;na e% a <ai $%e<<e' n+%&e na?3);"n i$ e);$%erP (er&e a%"n!an a á!"r$ ($%ere8'e( <e) e'?'e(( );%%e e (er& $%6$+)e$ &"'(ár:' a &i'á) >ej'd+$e +rde+!en9Enne je);+!en á''Q(já i$<+( $"r"<8:!a An)'iá!an a *%i$<er?(en $%a!ad<P&e$ J=rUi''(, aine +e$$%:'á$i (ee($+)e a'?a'<a$ &"'( arra, "); a% an)"' "r<án;(, a 8ar'a<en(e( +$ a *%?

&+'e<+n;( >+'re&e%e(&e (=d"((an á(já($$%a An)'ia &i'á)ere$ede?'e<!en +&$%á%ad" :(a ia'a='( e'$!!$+)+( e);"ri );ar<a(i a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" r+$%+re9 7ranUia"r$%á)na i$ $%a!ad<P&e$ !e>"';á$ a'a(( á'': "r<án;a &an =);an, de e% iná!! >ranUia,<in( $%a!ad<P&e$9 E%+r( a ia'aQ(and: j &i'á)rende% &a':"%%ájár='á$a i$ <á$9 O"$ i&i(e'e >ranUia '")iára &a''9 I)a% i((An)'iá&a' e''en(+(!en 7ranUia"r$%á) 6'*n*$ <e):d"'á$á( ne<'ee( e);e('en &e%e( $%e<+';i$+)e% *(ni9 -i&e' e'$ne e''e((a na);a(a'<a *%6' <e)!ir:%nia N+<e("r$%á))a', iná!! i?(+r( a% a"r <+) ereje (e'j+!en +$ $ierei U$U$án á'': n+<e( ad?er e''9 -e)Q<+'(e 'a"$$á)á(, );*n;*rP &ár"$ai( a á!"r 8=$%(Q(á$á(:'9 Te);6 "%%á a% an)"'" na); !"$$%$á)ára9 Ha=);ani$ a >ranUia ad$ere) erej+ne <e)>e'e'en <e));en)Q(i an+<e( a("nai )+8e%e(e(, a"r <ár a á!"r e'ej+n e'ár=' An)?'ia (eje >e'' e); e$e('e)e$ n+<e( 8ar(ra$%á''á$ &e$%+';e +$ >+'e'<e9



); &i$%"n( a S%"&je(=ni: e''e< n+<e( 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$i) enne 'ee($+)+rUi( <ind&+)i) "<"';an (ar("((a9Bár<i';en ie(e('en +$ <e)d*!!en( e &i'á)"( 'ei)á%: $%a? !ad<P&e$ (er& &+)reaj(á$á"% <+) a ne<e( !ir"da'"< &e%e(

e'i(j+!en i$ (a'á'(a a%ájá( e'ár='ni +8e$ &e%e( $%e<+';i$+)e(9 Ne< i$ aári(9 Hja'<ar SUaU( a!!an a% id!en a ReiU$!an e'n*e $%e<+';+!en9 SUaU(na <ár a% a8ja i$ $%a!ad<P&e$&"'( +$ na);"n er$ a<eriai "rien(áUi:&a' !Qr(9 Hja'<ar 10@?!an'e(( $%a!ad<P&e$ +$ 8á"';(a)$á)á( Hi('er <inden $%a!ad?<P&e$ere $%:r( á(a e''en+re <ind&+)i) <e)(ar("((a9 34 Hi('er a(a'"<ra j=(á$a =(án er6'( ReiU$!an +'+re9 1339 jni=$á!an aa(&an ne<%e( á'(a' +8&i$e'( '"nd"ni "n>erenUia e'+$%Q(+$+re

a$in)("n!a =(a%"((9 -i&e' R""$e&e'( +88en e!!en a% id!en+r(+e'(e 'e 40^?a' a d"''ár(, SUaU( ia$%ná'&a enne '+'e(a?ni a(á$á(, *%*'(e R""$e&e'((e' 'ee($+)e$, "); N+<e("r$%á)na $ajn"$ !e e'' $%6n(e(nie a% A<eriá(:' "rá!!an a8"(( *'U$*?34 /"n ei(%# Hi('er !anárja 39 "'d94n* a<a(aina &i$$%a>i%e(+$+(9 SUaU( r+$%+re a% e); e(e$ a<e?riai 'á(")a(á$a &+)e%e(+&e' a %$id: Da&id Sarn">> a Radi" J"r?

8"ra(i"n "> A<eriUa &e%e(je ad"(( !U$&aU$"rá( <+)8edi) $ajá(rendQ&6' $%+8 á%á!an Ne_ "r!an9 A &aU$"rán ár"< $%e?<+'; i&+(e'+&e' i%ár:'a) 8r"<inen$ a<eriai %$id: &e((e r+$%(9 -inden !i%"nn;a' &a'a<enn;ien &e%e( $%a!ad<P&e$e9Va':$%QnP i(( a&a((á !e SUaU("( a $%a!ad<P&e$$+) &i'á)?<+re(P (er&+!e a% j Vi'á)rend ia'aQ(á$á!a9 Ne< U$a a r+)ia<eriai i(e'e a<a(aina >i%e(+$i <"ra(:ri=<á( >")ad(á e',ane< a% j &i'á)rend ia'aQ(á$ána n+<e("r$%á)i 8+n%e'+$+r'i$ d*n(*((e9 3 Ne >e'ej($6 e', "); Hi('er a(a'"<ra j=((a(á$á(SUr*der !anár á%á!an d*n(*((+ e'9 E% a !aná% 8edi) a á? !"r (e'je$ ideje a'a(( 'eán;&á''a'a("( (ar("(( >enn Ne_ "r!an, $a% a<eriai !an" a n+<e( !an i)+n;ei( <ind&+)i) >i);e'e<!e&e((+97"n("$ (=dni, "); a SUrder !aná% Ne_ "r?i >i:já?na i)a%)a(ja e!!en a% id!en A''en D=''e$ &"'( a% A<eriai HQr?



$%er% Hi&a(a' +$!!i &e%e(je &a'a<in( >i&+re /"n 7"$(er D=''e$ne a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$!!i 6'6);<ini$%(er+ne9D=''e$ a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r idej+n a% a<eriai (i("$$%"')á'a($&ájUi *%8"n(jána &"'( a &e%e(je9 E ne< <indenna8i 8edi)r+

<a)a$ ran) $%a!ad<P&e$$+)e( i$ $ej(e(, a<e'; <a);ará%a("(ad SUaU( N+<e("r$%á) e''eni 6%e'<eire9 D=''e$ <=nájá( <ind?&+)i) R""$e&e'( *%&e('en irán;Q(á$á&a' &+)e%(e9 3S%á<"$ je' <=(a( arra, "); N+<e("r$%á) <á$"di &i'á)á? !"rjá( <ind&+)i) a<eriai $%a!ad<P&e$ !anár" an;a)i'a)(á<")a((á9 ); 'e(( SUaU( Hi('er F8+n%6);i &ará%$':ja9 NinU$rá !i%"n;Q(+, de 'ee(, "); Hi('er <inde%er' (=d"((, de 'e)?a'á!!i$ $ej(e(e(( &a'a<i(9

R""$e&e'( $%e<+';e$ j: !ará(ja /"$e8 E9 Da&ie$ <"$%&aina);*&e( a% á''"<á$e';+re =(a%á$a $"rán <e)á''( Ber'in!en,a"' n+án; na8"( (*'(*(( 1359 jan=ár *%e8+n9 -ár <e)+re%+$ena8ján i&a(a'"$ 'á(")a(á$( (e(( a !er'ini na);*&e($+)6*n9 D"ddna);*&e( 8edi) <á$na8 >")adá$( ad"(( (i$%(e'e(+re9 Érde<e$ "da?>i);e'ni a <e)Q&"(( &end+)e $%e<+';+re9 O(( (a'á'j= a %$id:3 );an"(( 14@9 "'d93 La=na;# A >a$i%<=$ &+)na8jai E=r:8á!an 1@9 "'d9

S%=riU?"(, a S%"&je(=ni: !er'ini na);*&e(+( >e'e$+)+&e', Li8$i'en);e' *&e(e( +$ e); na);"n >"n("$ &end+)e( dr9 SUaU(?"( >e?'e$+)+&e'9 Da&ie$ 1359 jan=ár 1?i na8':je);%e(+!' <e)(=dj=,"); <e)!e$%+'(e SUaU((a' >e' >")ja ere$ni a Bir"da'<i Ban? !an9Da&ie$ <e)je);%i, "); SUaU( ); rende%(e a (*!!9 <in(+( :rá$ !e$%+')e(+$(, "); $eni $e %a&ara$$a <e) e(9SUaU(r:' <e)je);%i# R""$e&e'( $%e<+';+r' a 'e)na);"!! U$"?dá'a((a' n;i'a("%"((9 35 -ajd a% á''a<(i(árna Qr( 1359 jan=ár 1?+n e'( je'en(+$+!en ad (áj+"%(a(á$( a !e$%+')e(+$e $"rán $%er%e(( !en;"<á$air:'9 A% a'á!!i $"a( $ej(e( <"nda("( e!!' a je'en(+$? !' e<e'(6 i# FA !e$%+')e(+$ (ár);ár:' <ár !e$%á<"'(a< e);rej(je'e$ 'e&+'!en, a<e';!en d"("r SUaU( <"ndani&a':i( i$ *?%*'(e<9 3@



Da&ie$( n+án; :na8"$ <"$%&ai (ar(:%"dá$a =(án a%a?rende'(+9 A"); <a <"ndanán Fje'en(+$(+(e're9 1359 á8ri'i$?(' jni=$ 20?i) a$in)("n!an (ar(:%"d"((, <ajd &i$$%a(+r(-"$%&á!a9 /ni=$ 2?án *%&e('en6' a% e'n*ne Qr( je'en(+$+!en

$%á<"' !e !er'ini (ar(:%"dá$ár:', a"' =(a%á$á( e'n*i =(a$Q(á$rai$<+( <e)$%aQ("((a9 <e e); r*&id r+$%'e( a je'en(+$!'#FTi$%(e'( E'n* rMLe)=("'$: (ár);a'á$ain"% Q&en (!an erre>e'+ r*&ididei) Ber'in!en (ar(:%"d(a< 999 E%a'a(( rendQ&6' +rde?e$ <a)án!e$%+')e(+$( >"';(a((a< SUaU((a'9-ajd 'eQrja Da&ie$, "); i$<er(e((e SUaU((a' R""$e&e'(=(:8iájá(, <i$%erin( a% e=r:8ai á''a<" a("nai >e'$%ere'+$6e(

<e)e);e%+$ a'a8ján (i$%(án &+de'e);&erer'9 .i%ár:'a)a%"a( a >e);&eree( (ar($á <e), a<e';ee( e); e<!er a &á''áne'!Qr9 SUaU(na rendQ&6' (e($%e(( e% a )"nd"'a(9 FE'ra)ad(a(á$a'eQra(a('an &"'(9 rja Da&ie$9 335 Da&ie$# Id+%e(( =rU$ána (Pni, <+)i$ a%( e''<"ndj= enne <e)&an a <a)a a':% '")iája9 .+8%e'j6 <a?)=n e'+ e'adja a S%"&je(=ni: e''eni á!"r(9 Ne< &+'e('en6'$%6'e(e(( <e) Ja$a!'anUá!an 1439 jan=árjá!an R""$e&e'( +$J=rUi'' "n>erenUiáján a >e'(+(e' n+'6'i a8i(='áUi: e'&e9 E%e$e(!en N+<e("r$%á)"( <e)$%á''já =);an, de a% "r$%á) <+)ninU$ r"<!ad*n(&e, er>"rrá$ai, (er<e' a8aUi(á$a );"r$an e';?reá''Q(a(:9 A% an)"' )a%da$á) $e< +r(e <+) e' i<er6'+$+ne &+)$ a(árá(9S%(á'in =);an <e)a8ja a á!"r >ej+!en ia'=d"(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a(i i%$á<án;"'á$ána <inden 'ee($+)+(, de a%



an)"'?>ranUia &a'a<in( a (*!!i );ar<a(" F>e'$%a!adQ(á$ána>e'(+(e'ei <+) (á&"'r:' $inU$ene <e), <i&e' ne< (=d F!e$*8*rni$e<+'e á!"r$ "$%(a'+"(, na); &a':$%QnP$+))e' <e)!=i,<in( a"); e% a $%*&e($+)e$e );%e'<+ne (e(8"n(ján i$ !e*?

&e(e%e((9 A na); *'U$*n!+r'e(i $"a <e) ne< (+r6' in('+&$+)<ia(( e$e('e) <+) R""$e&e'( 8"%QUi:ja i$ <e)in")a("(( &"'na9-inden( e);!e&e(&e A<eria $%á<ára $%6$+)$%erP &"'( an+<e(e á!"rjána >"';(a(a(:$á)a9 Ha <á$+88 ne<, á( (i(?"$ 8+n%6);i (á<")a(á$ !e&e(+$+&e'9A% e'$ &i'á)á!"r( *&e(en N+<e("r$%á)"( iree$%(e((+ a% ener)ia"rd"%: X"'ajY +$ n;er$an;a)" "%%áj=(á$ána "r?'á('an 'ee($+)+!', U$a); <in( a% e=r:8ai +$ a &i'á) 8iaUair:'9

A n+<e( ere$ede'e<ne U$a ann;i (ere( en)ed(e, a<e';ne j*&ede'<+!' a j:&á(+(e'( >i%e((e9 Ve%e( an)"'?>ranUia 8"'i(i=$" e);<á$ *%*(( a n+<e( ere$ede'");(a, <inden e$e(!en e%%e' a <"nda(?(a' >eje%(+ !e a !e$%+')e(+$(# FNe< a%+r( &er(6 'e a n+<e(ee( aá!"r!an, "); !+eid!en 8iaUainra en)edj6 a% ária(9E%ee( a <e)'+& +$ ár"$ >e'(+(e'ee( >i);e'e<!e &+&e e);n+<e( $%a!ad<P&e$ne >e'&á%"'já a%( a% j &i'á)rende(,

a<e';!en a%ája 8iaUi a'a8"n "r'á('an=' "%%áj=(a( a (e'je$n;er$"'aj $%6$+)'e(+e% +$ <inden $%6$+)e$ e);+! n;er$an;a)?"%, a &i'á)ere$ede'e<!en 8edi) a $%a!ad &er$en; a'a8ján5e);enj")$á)"( +'&e%e(, de enne >e'(+(e'e, "); a%ája á( e''e$$en e); na); á!"r (i$%(Q(:(6%+n9A r+)i j:&á(+(e'e(', a<e'; U$a 1@?!en jár( &"'na 'e e%%e'<e)$%a!ad='a( a% "r$%á) re)enerá':dá$á"% $%6$+)e$ (+( +$ a'e)>ej'e((e!! (eUn"':)iai !erende%+$ee( A<eriá(:' <e)a8ja9A 'e!"<!á%"(( r+)i <ár ne< a 'e)>ej'e((e!! );árai e';e(( a 'e)?"r$%erP!!e( a8ja, a<e';ne (er<e'+$i ered<+n;ei!' a a8"((i(e'ee( );"r$an &i$$%a>i%e(e(i, j j:&á(+(e'( 8edi) ne< &e(ne irá, Q); >ej'd+$e a á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án a%"nna' $%a!ad =(a( a89E% a n+<e( $%a!ad<P&e$ 8edi) e); A<eria !P&*'e(+!en +'U$a'ád ne&e'+$+( a8(a, >")'a'"%á$ára n+%&e *%)a%dá$%, a!!an



a% id!en 8edi) a ReiU$!an na);>"r<á(=<, e);+!+n( i$ ne<?%e(*%i <+re(e!en )"nd"'"d: e'n*e9 Bi%("$, "); )"nd"'"?d:!a ej(e((e9 N+<e("r$%á) <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(áni (*r(+ne'<earra en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni, "); SUaU( ne<U$a )"nd"'"d:!a

e$e((, ane< <e) i$ );%(+9 Hi$%en r+$%( &e(( a (er& i&i(e'e%+$?+!en9 A á!"r =(án 8edi) N+<e("r$%á) <inde%ee( !ár SUaU( n+'6' rea'i%á'a((a9 Ne< (=dj= SUaU( a a(a'<a$ (ran%aUi: e);en'e)+!en >i?);e'e<!e &e((e?e a%( a a(<i''i: "n>i(ár$á(, ai a% E);e$6'( Á'?'a<" +$ a S%"&je(=ni: +rdeei+r( $i a'á'( a'(, a%( a <i''i:$na);$á)rendP n+<e( (e$(&+r+(, ai &+)i)$%en&ed(+ a $%"&je( a?di>")$á)"( +$ a 'a$$ i&+)%+$$e' e);en+r(+P Or"$%"r$%á)i r"?

!"("(, a%ája e'e(i "r$%á)r+$%+ne, <in(e); $%<i''i: n+<e( 'a?"$a *(&en+&e$ );ar<a(i ra!$%"')a$á)á(W -er( a $%+8en an)%:$%a!ad<P&e$ Q)+re(ee% ráadá$+n( e%( i$ <e)a8(a, a<e'; 8edi) a% erede(i a'=!an a'i)a $%ere8e'e(e((9 Bi%"n;ára a%a<eria<án SUaU( arra $e< $%á<Q("((, "); a na); á!"r !e?>eje%+$e =(án (*!!, <in( *(&en +&&e' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!an +8? 8en a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r *&e(e%<+n;e+n( "';an <+re(e('enn+<e();P'*'e( a'a='j"n i, a<e';e( 15?e$ a<eriai =(a< $"rán

<a)a< i$ (a8a$%(a'(a<9SUaU( a $%a!ad<P&e$$+) U+'ja +rde+!en $e)Q(e((e Hi('er a(a'"<ra j=(á$á(9 V"n a8en n6rn!er)i >")$á)a idej+n !i%a'<a?$an *%*'(e Gi'!er(?e'# SUaU( 131?!en a%%a' ere$(e <e), ");'e e'' <"ndania !ir"da'&ád':ja+n(<e)+rde%(e SUaU(:' ");an (=d(a *$$%ee);e%(e(ni Hi('er irán(i@raj"n): n;i'a("%a(ai( a 76rerre' $%e<!en (á8'á'( á''Q(:'a)"$ e'?'en+r%+$+&e'9 SUaU( $%e<re!!en+$ n+'6' &á'a$%"'(a# á'arU"(e''e(( &i$e'nie, "); e'&+)e%e$$e >e'ada(á(9 -a <ár (=dj= e &e?$%+';e$ á'arU <*)*(( (e'je$Q(e(( >e'ada(a ne< &"'( <á$, <in( a%ájae'ár='á$a, >e'á'd"%á$a a $%a!ad<P&e$ j &i'á)rend "'(árán9 Aa%aár='á$na i';en d*!!ene(e$ >"r<ájá( a &i'á) (*r(+ne'<e "?rá!!an $"a$e< i$<er(9 A n6rn!er)i (ár);a'á$ $"rán a% i$ ider6'(,



"); D"na'd Hea( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" !er'ini *&e($+)+ne e'?$ (i(ára (ján >"';a<a("$an (áj+"%(a((a a% a<eriai "r<án;?%a("( Hi('er <inden á'(a'a i$<er( (er&+r'9 A S%"&je(=ni: e''eni 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$r:' i$ 8"n("$ (áj+"%(a(á$( ad"((9

Hi('er !i%a'<a$a+n( <ind&+)i) e'>")ad(a +$ a á!"r <in+'"$$%a!! idei) &a': e'%á$a +rde+!en a n+<e( ad$ere) r+$%+re>"';:$Q("((a a% a<eriai $%a!ad<P&e$$+) 8+n%+(9Te&+en;$+)+&e' 'e'ii$<ere('en6' $e)Q(e((e a n+<e( ne<%e(>iaina "r"$% &á):Qdra aj(á$á(9 N+<e("r$%á) &+)e');en)6'+$e?"r 8edi) )"nd"'"dá$ n+'6' &e(( r+$%( e);"ri 8a(r:n=$, Hi('er e''eni <er+n;'e(!en9 A rá je''e<% +($%QnP$+) <e):&(a enne >e'e'$$+)re &"ná$á(:'9 A &e$%(e(( X$"a' iná!! a% á'(a'a e'ad"((Y

á!"r =(án &+)i) e''e(( n+%%e a%ája <inden <e)a'á%(a(á$á(,ne<%e(e +($+)!e e$+$+(, $%+);en+( +$ $%en&ed+$+(, 8"ri) r"<!"'();*n;*rP &ár"$ai(9 Jin"$$á)ána (=da(á!an <indeni <á$ !e'e?r6'( &"'na, &a); &+)e% <a)á&a'9 SUaU(?"( a%"n!an ne< i';en>á!:' >ara)(á9 A Qred( n6rn!er)i, <a)á( ne<%e(*%i !Qr:$á)na ere$%(e', $%a!ad<P&e$ U$a8a( +r(e( <:d"n >e'<en(i a <a?)= reá'(a á!"r$ !Pn*$$+) &ádja a':'9 E%( *&e(en a n+<e(náUi('anQ(: !Qr:$á) SUaU("( @ +&i !*r(*nre Q(+'(e9 A% a<eriai

(i("$$%"')á'a( <e)(a'á'(a a <:djá( SUaU( <e)<en(+$+ne97en(i Q(+'e(e( <ár 14?!en +r&+n;(e'enQ(i9-in(a e'e$+)e a'á'a =(án jra <e)n?$6', <ajd <a)án!an"( n;i( a% á'(a'a $"$%"r"$an e'ár='( N+<e(?"r$%á)!an9SZABAD.-KVES SZTÁLIN SZABAD?RABLÁSAA N+<e("r$%á) e''eni á!"r 149 <áj=$ ?e', a na);"n "?rai 8r")n:%i$na <e)>e'e'en !e>eje%d*((9 An;a)i ja&ai!an, &á?r"$ai!an, (er<e');árai!an, &a$(? +$ *%(? &"na'ai!an a á!"r$%6$+)'e(ei( <e$$%e <e)a'ad: r"<!"'á$$a'9 -ái) $e< (=dj= +r(e'<e%ni, <i';en adá$%a(i $%6$+)$%erP$+) ind""'(a a );*?n;*rP n+<e( &ár"$ Dre%da >*'di) r"<!"'á$á( (*!! $%á%e%er 8"')á?ri $%e<+'; a'á'á&a' a á!"r =("'$: na8jai!an9 A 8"')ári 'a"$?



$á) e''eni $%adi$(a *'d*'+$, a (er<e' 6%e<e 8"ri) r"<!"'á$a,a<e'; a á!"r$ );%e'e<e% &e%e( =(a( ne< $%"')á'(a, ne<U$a a $*(+( *%+8"r(, de <+) a 8ri<i(Q& :"r( i$ <e)$%+);enQ(e((e9A% 149 <áj=$ ?i á!"r$ );%e'e<<e' a%"n!an a n+<e(

ne<%e( e''eni (+n;'e)e$ á!"r ne< >eje%d*(( !e anna e''en+re,"); N+<e("r$%á)"( rá+n;$%erQ(en+ a >e'(+(e' n+'6'i a8i(='á?Ui:ra9 .6'*n!*% á!"r$ !Pn* i"$%(á$á&a' a n6rn!er)i Fne<?%e(*%i !Qr:$á)?"n Q&6' i$ e%re!en 'ee( <+rni a n+<e( (i$%(iar +$ *%i)a%)a(á$i a88ará(=$ (a)jaina i&+)%+$+(9 E!!en a á!"r=(áni á!"r!an a );%(e$e $%a!ad"n );i'"'a((a9 A% e''en>+'&i$$%aU$a8á$á(:' <ár ne< e''e(( >+'ni*9 A $%"&je( U$a8a(",a"&á U$a a 'á!=a( !e(e((+, <inden( e'&i((e, ae'?$!! &e%e(j6 S%(á'in 8+'dájá(9T='ajd"n+88en a Teeráni ."n>erenUián, <ajd a /a'(ai ."n?>erenUián $%in(e (e'je$ e)+$%+!en <e)á''a8"dna a á!"r$ "nUe'"$%(á$án, U$=8án n+án; je'en(+(e'en rende%ni &a': <arad a%149 j'i=$ 15 a=)=$%(=$ 2, *%*(( <e)(ar("(( "($dae?renUiára9 A );%(e$ a(a'<a, a<e'; a'a(( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"a(

+$ a S%"&je(=ni:( e'' Ér(eni9 An)'ia i$ i);e$%i e!!en a $%ere8? !en (e($%e'e)ni, +rde<i !e'e$%:'á$a a% "$%("%"dá$ $"rán a%"n!anne< &"'(9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" U$=8án !i%("n$á)i (ar(a'++n(&"n(a !e arra a% e$e(re, a a% "r"$%" &a'a<e'; 6);!en <e)<a?aU$"'ná <a)=a(, a"r !i%("$Q(ani (=dja a 2#1 arán; $%a&a?%á$(9 I';en e$e(re a%"n!an ne< er6'( $"r9 A% "r"$%" <inden100e$e(!en (ar("((á <a)=a( a"%, "); A<eria a &i'á) e'$ a?(a'<a E%( n;Q'(an i$ i>eje%+$re j=((a((á9 Enne e);+r(e'e?renUián a% a<eriai e'n*, &a); 6'd*(($+)&e%e( e'n**'(, <+)? 8edi) <inden e$e(!en $%"&je(ja&a$'a(ra9 S%(á'in 149 <áj=$á!anHarr; H"8in$$a' >"';(a("(( <e)!e$%+'+$e $"rán e);+r(e'<Penije'en(e((e# A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" aár aarja, aár ne< &i'á)a?(a'"<<á &á'(9 A S%"&je(=ni: +$%$+))e' e'i$<eri a% LSA j")á(,



"); &i'á)a(a'"<+n( r+$%( &e);en <inden 8r"!'+<a rende%+$+? !en +$ $%Q&e$en e);6((<P*di &e'e a á!"rQ( =(áni &i'á) !++$rendj+ne !i%("$Q(á$á!an9 40A /a'(ai ."n>erenUián >e'(ee(en id ián;á!an ne< >e?

je%(+ !e Len);e'"r$%á) á!"r =(áni a(áraina ije'*'+$+(9 A%?%a' na8"'(á e', "); a%( <ajd a !+e$%er%d+$!en rende%i9 Len?);e'"r$%á) j*&end "r<án;ár:' $e< $%6'e(e(( i(( <e)e);e%+$9 N+<i &i(a &"'( arr:', "); a L"nd"n!an $%+e' e<i)rán$ 'en);e'"r<án;( i$<erj+?e e', &a); a S%(á'in á'(a' ine&e%e(( d=!'ini"r<án;(9 J=rUi'' <inden+88en a '"nd"ni e<i)rán$ "r<án;e'i$<er+$+( $%"r)a'<a%(a9 A "($daerenUián Tr=<ana%"n!an e'>")ad(a S%(á'in ja&a$'a(á( +$ Q); a Fn+8i Len);e'"r$%á)

"r<án;a er6'( a(a'"<ra9 J=rUi''( <+) arra i$ *(e'e%(+,"); $%aQ($a <e) di8'"<áUiai a8U$"'a(ai( a% addi) á'(a'a );á?<"'Q("(( '"nd"ni e<i)rán$ "r<ánn;a'9 J=rUi'' i);ee%e(e e%?=(án <ár U$a arra "r'á("%:d"((, "); a% j 'en);e' "r<án; 'e)?a'á!! &á''a'ja á( a%"na a *'U$*n*ne a &i$$%a>i%e(+$+(, a<e?';e( An)'ia a% 13?!en L"nd"n!a <ene6'( 'en);e' e<i)rán$"r<án;na >"';:$Q("((9Err' a%"n!an S%(á'in a''ani $e< aar(, <in( a"); a% á'(a'a

ine&e%e(( 'en);e'"r$%á)i "r<án; $e<9 A% an)"' "r<án; e%( a%Fin&e$%(áUi:( a <ai na8i) $e< a8(a &i$$%a9A% j 'en);e' a(ár" ije'*'+$e 8+'da+r(+P 'ee( S%(á'in$%a!adra!'á$á!an9 -+) e<'+e%e(6n, "); a Len);e'"r$%á)e''eni n+<e(?$%"&je( (á<adá$( <e)e'% na8"!an An)'ia )aran?Uiá( ad"(( a% "r$%á) &+de'<+re +$ a(árai $+r(e(e('en$+)+re9Enne e''en+re <ár /a'(á!an <e)á''a8"dna, "); a á!"r=(án Len);e'"r$%á) e'e(i a(ára a% );ne&e%e(( J=r%"n?&"na'"n40 B++$ Re%$# Tr=<an árn;+a 39 "'d9101%:di, a 'en);e'e árára9 ); a S%"&je(=ni:na j:&áa);(á ai('eri $%*&e($+)!en á!"r&a' e'>")'a'( 'en);e' (er6'e(e &+)'e)e$ !ee!e'e%+$+(9 A 'en);e'e a'a8"$ 'eU+( a8(a, <enn;i( i$ +r a%an)"'" )aranUiája9 A<i"r a n+<e(?$%"&je( (á<adá$ i&+d+$+re+r(+ An)'ia F)aranUiá'i$ $e)Q($+)+(, a<e'; a% an)"' "r<án;



>ej+!en $"a <e) $e< >"rd='(, a%%a' $%+dQ(e((+ a 'en);e'ee(,"); e% a )aranUia U$a 8"'i(iai, a<e'; <ajd a á!"r =(án a !+?e$%er%d+$e!en 'e$% rea'i%á'a(:9S%(á'in e'+8%e'+$+!en a J=r%"n?&"na'(:' e'e(re e$ 'en);e'

(er6'e(e &i$$%a$%er%+$+ne )"nd"'a(a <ár a á!"r e'(( (e$(e(*'(*((9 T='ajd"n+88en e% &"'( Len);e'"r$%á) $%"&je( <e)(á<adá?$ána indQ(+a9 Ne< i$ U$iná'( e!!' (i("(, "); a "ra!e'i 'en?);e' "r<án; >i);e'<+( e% (e'je$en e'er6'(e, <ái) $e< +r(j6,anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a 'en);e' "r<án;!an na);"n i$ er$ $%"&? je(e''ene$$+) =ra'"d"((9 T=d(a a $%"&je(?n+<e( 8a(=<r:',a<e'; i%ár:'a) Len);e'"r$%á) e''en er6'( <e)*(+$re9 -+)i$i((e a% an)"' "r<án; Q)+re(eine, a<e';ne a(á$ára i8r"&"?

á'(á a a%áj= e''eni n+<e( (á<adá$(, a<e';e% Fajánd++n(<e)a8(á a $%"&je( a)re$$%i:( i$9 A<i a%(án Len);e'"r$%á) e);r+$%+ne ); (Pni &+)'e)e$ e'&e$%(+$+&e' i$ jár(9S%(á'in a á!"r =("'$: id$%aá!an, a<i"r U$a8a(ai <ár !e?n;"<='(a N+<e("r$%á) (er6'e(+re, <:d$%ere$en 6'd*%(e e' a%Odera?Nie$$e &"na'i) (erjed e'e(i n+<e( (er6'e(r' a n+<e( 'a?"$$á)"(9 Va':$%QnP$Q(e(, "); <ár a á!"r!a &a': !e'+8+$e>e'(+(e'ei *%*(( i$ "(( $%ere8e'e(e((, "); a% á'(a'a !ee!e'e%e((

'en);e' (er6'e(e "<8en%á'á$ára Len);e'"r$%á) n+<e( (er6'e(e?e( a8 <ajd9 N+<e("r$%á) +$!!i $%"&je( %:nájána e'>")'a'á?$ái) a $%"&je( U$a8a(" ár"<<i''i: n+<e( 'a"$( P%(e e' $%6'?e';+r'9 A $%e<>+n;&e$%(+$ ed&++r( <+) a R""$e&e'( &e%e((ea<eriai, de a !ri( "r<án; i$ (*!! je);%+!en Q&(a (e' S%(á'in>i);e'<+(, "); <e''%%e a 'en);e' *%i)a%)a(á$ '+(re"%á$á(e%een a n+<e( (er6'e(een9 -inde%e e''en+re a "($dae?renUián Tr=<an i$ J=rUi'' i$ j:&áa);(a e 6'*n*$ (er6'e(U$er+(9T='ajd"n+88en e%( ne&e%e(j6 a% an)"' (er6'e(i )aranUia á!"r=(áni 8"'i(iai (e'je$Q(+$+ne9 E!!' a% an)"' >")a'<a%á$!:' ide?r6', "); e%( a F(er6'e(U$er+( <ár Len);e'"r$%á) e''eni n+<e(?$%"&je( (á<adá$( j:&a' <e)e'%en <in( a S%"&je(=ni: e);i n+?<e(e''ene$ >e'(+(e'+(, j:&áa);(á9102Len);e' !ará(ain e"r <+) ne< i$<ere((+, 8edi) a di8?



'"<áUia $%+'á<"$$á)ai!:' >e'i$<ere((+ &"'na An)'ia +($%QnP?$+)+(9 142?!en a rádi:( a'')a(&a &aj"n ne< &+'(e );an$na S(a>>"rd Jri88$ <"$%&ai an)"' na);*&e( n;i'a("%a(á(W Jri88$=);ani$ e);+r(e'<Pen ije'en(e((e# Fa á!"r =(án S%(á'in >")ja

&+de'<e a'á &enni a "n(inen$ *$$%e$ i$ á''a<ai(9 Va); );)"nd"'(á e!!e ne< (ar("%a(na !e'e, i$%en &+di e( a%Fan)"' )aranUiaWA S%"&je(=ni: >i%e($+)e+n( ne<U$a 'en);e' (er6'e(ee( a? 8"((9 -e)(ar(a((a a 7inn"r$%á)(:' ier$%a"'( (er6'e(e( i$, $(<+) a U$er+!e ad"(( r+)i (er6'e(ei 'e)na);"!! r+$%+( i$ &i$$%aa8?(a9 -e)a8(a +$ a% =ni:!a "'&a$%(a((a a !a'(i á''a<"a(, Le(("r?$%á)"(, É$%("r$%á)"( +$ Li(&ániá( i$9 R"<ániá(:' e'$%aQ("((

Be$%ará!iá( +$ É$%a?B="&iná(9 -+) N+<e("r$%á) (er6'e(+!' i$ian;arQ("(( e); dara!"( .ni)$!er)e( +$ *rn;++(9 S%(á'in (eá(<e)(ar(a((a a i('eri $%*&e($+)!en $%er%e(( <inden (er6'e(i :dQ?(á$á(9A% A('an(i Jar(a >enn*'( e'&ei a á!"r &+)+re a% E);e$6'(Á''a<" +rdeein Q&6' $e<<i&+ &á'(a9 Id+%%6 U$a >e' a% e'$+$ 'á($%:'a) na);"n >"n("$na (ar("(( 8"n(já(#19b Or$%á)ai $e< (er6'e(i, $e< <á$>aj(a n*&eed+$re ne< (*?

reedne929b Ne< Q&ánna $e<<i "';an (er6'e(i, &á'("%(a(á$(, a<e';ne< e);e%i a% +rdee'( n+8e $%a!ad"n n;i'&ánQ("(( Q?&án$á)á&a'9edi) a% A('an(i Jar(á"% +$!! S%(á'in i$ U$a('a"%"((9-indár<an <e)$%e)(+ $%*&e($+)i *(e'e%e(($+)?&á''a'á$=a(,a<e'; e);!en Q)+re( i$ &"'( a &i'á) n+8eine, a<e';!en a á!"r?&a' Q); &a); ); $j("(( <inden ne<%e( "<"';an i(( +$ !Q%"((9S%(á'in $%a!adra!'á$ána (ár);a a <a);ar .ár8á(a'ja i$,a<e';re a<in( 'á((=, <ár j:&a' a á!"r ir"!!an(á$a e'(( (i("? !an i)+n;( e<e'(9 E :dQ(á$i (ran%aUi: +rdee$$+)e, "); a% e'$ !+U$i d*n(+$( *&e(en <in(e); anna ie)+$%Q(+$e+n( a n+<e("r<án; "%%ájár=' a (er6'e( &i$$%a>")'a'á$á"%, a<e';e( a <a?);ar "r<án; &+)re i$ aj("((9 E (er6'e( -a);ar"r$%á)"% &a':&i$$%a(+r+$+( U$a);, <in( a% e'$ !+U$i d*n(+$( An)'ia +$ 7ran?



Uia"r$%á) i$ e'i$<er(e, i$%en a(a'<a%(á >e' a n+<e( "r?103<án;( a S%=d+(a?&id+ &i$$%aU$a("'á$a $"rán e'e(e%e(( <e)á''a? 8"dá$!an a% e);+! ne<%e(i i$e!!$+)i (er6'e(e rende%+$+re9

A S%"&je(=ni: rendQ&6' na); >"n("$$á)"( (='ajd"nQ("(( a <a?);ar .ár8á(a'ja !ee!e'e%+$+ne9 Le)a'á!!i$ enne a <inden?+88en (*r&+n;(e'en <:dja erre en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni9 Lá$$= ar+$%'e(ee(# A"% +($+) $e< >+re(, "); a &e$%(e$, &a); );%?(e$ á!"r *&e(e%<+n;e+n( a r+$%(&e& á''a<" *%*((i (er6?'e(i rende%+$ X"); >in"<an >")a'<a%%=nY i%ár:'a) a !+e$%er?%d+$ "<8e(enUiája9 A );%(e$ a(a'<a Xa !+e$%er%d+$ $%*?&e)e $%erin(# S%*&e($+)e$ +$ Tár$='( Ha(a'<aY 1459 >e!r=ár 10?

+n *(*((e !+e$%er%d+$( -a);ar"r$%á))a', a<e';ne I9 r+$%erende'e%i -a);ar"r$%á) a(árair:'9 A% 19 Ui 4b 8"n(ja a%a'á!!ia $%erin( >")a'<a%# FA% 13@9 +&i n"&e<!er : 2?án e'( !+U$i &á'a$%("(( !Qr:$á)i a(ár"%a( rende'e%+$ei $e<<i$ne +$+r&+n;(e'enne je'en(e(ne i9 -e)i$<+(e'j6# 1459 >e!r=ár 10?('M -inden "rá!!an e (ár);*r!en <e)*(*(( <e)á''a8"dá$,>e);&er$%6ne(i $%er%d+$, &a); !ár<i <á$ ne< (ein(e( e!!en a&"na("%á$!an j")+r&+n;e$ne9

E%%e' $%e<!en "rra':9 <e# Fa 'a"$$á) r+?$%+r' in;i'&ánQ("(( :ajna <e)>e'e'en +$ a +( -a)a$ S%er%?d 7+' *%*((i !ará(i <e)e);e%+$ a'a8ján X.ár8á(?rajnaY e);e?$6'( $i a%ájá&a' rajná&a' +$ enn+'>")&a a% rán S%"&je(S%"Uia'i$(a .*%(ár$a$á) r+$%+&+ &á'i9E >=rU$a ajánd+"%á$r:' <e) e'' á''a8Q(ani, anna $e<<i$?$+)+(9 E!!en a% id!en a .ár8á(?rajnána ne&e%e(( (er6'e( (e'? je$ e)+$%+!en -a);ar"r$%á) r+$%e9 7e' e'' Q&ni a >i);e'<e(,"); e% a <e)á''a8"dá$ a "($daerenUiá( i$ <e)e'%(e,"'"(( a -a);ar"r$%á))a' <ajdan *(end !+e$%er%d+$( "(( +?$%Q(i e'9 E% a% e'+$%Q(+$ i';en r+$%'e(ere a%"n!an ne< (erjed(i9 -ajd a% 149 deUe<!er 1?2?i) <e)(ar("(( -"$%&ai .6'?



6);<ini$%(eri ."n>erenUia i$ >")'a'"%i a !+e$%er%d+$e e'?+$%Q(+$+&e', de a r+$%'e(ee( e% i$ e); +$!!ie!en *$$%eQ&an?d: 6'6);<ini$%(eri +r(ee%'e(re !Q%%a9.ár8á(a'ja (eá( 13@9 n"&e<!er 2?(' 1459 >e!r=ár 10?i)

-a);ar"r$%á) (*r&+n;e$ (er6'e(eM J$e$%'"&áia idei)'ene$ "r?104<án;a X+$ i(( a% idei)'ene$$+)e( i e'' an)$';"%niY, &a); aár a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an );%(e$ S%"&je(=ni: *n<a)á!an "&a?(ar("%á$ár:' ne< d*n(e(e((9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ An)'ia <in();%(e$ na);a(a'<a =);anU$a !Pn*$e, a<i+r( ne< e<e'(e $%:( e (*r&+n;(e'en +$ na);"n i$ á('á($%: Fajánd+"%á$ e''en9 In?á!! a'')a(:'a) e'$i'"((a >e'e((e9 A !+e$%er%d+$!en >e'$"r"'(

FTár$='( Ha(a'<a?ra <+) $%:( &e$%(e)e(ni i$ ár9 E);i6 $e<e<e'(e >e' $%a&á( S%(á'in $%a!adra!'á$a e''en9 A% idei)'ene$ J$e?$%'"&á &e%e( en)ede'<e$ $%a!ad<P&e$ene !i%"n;='(a9 Ne< >e'ej(e((+ e', "); Trian"n =(án á''a")'a':in a% i(( (a'á'a(: VereUei á):n j*((e !e -a);ar"r$%á)ra9 Á''Q(:'a) a (er6'e( a (i%ene((edi $%á%ad!an

e); r*&id idei) (ar("%"(( U$a rajná"%, a<e';e( S%(á'in i&a(?"%á$i a'a8na (ein(e(( a (er6'e( F!ará($á)"$ &i$$%a:dQ(á$á"%M-"$( +r(j6 U$a <e) i)a%án <i+r( i$ $%"r)a'<a%(a "'; na);"nLi(&in"& a <a);ar"r$%á)i $%"<$%+d$á)"(9 edi) "' &"'( a"r <+) a Fi($%e) n+<e( +$ a %$id:$á) $%"r)a'<a%(a <a);ar S%"&? je(=ni: e''eni (á<adá$, a<e';re ja!! <e)U$"nQ(á$=n a8"$("'ai+r&+n( i&a("%na9A S%"&je(=ni: je'en($ $%a!adra!'á$i (er6'e(e( a8"(( a% á'(a'a<e)Q)+r( /a8án e''eni (á<adá$ >i%e($+)e+n( i$9 A (*r(+ne( =);an?U$a na);"n (an='$á)"$, +rde<e$ r*&iden >")'a'"%ni &e'e9A S%"&je(=ni: +$ /a8án 1419 á8ri'i$ 13?án *( +&re $%:':$e<'e)e$$+)i $%er%d+$( *(, a<e';e( /a8án <ind&+)i) "rre(6' !e(ar("((9 Ne< );, <in( a S%"&je(=ni:9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a S%"&je(=ni:( <ár anna 1339 +&idi8'"<áUiai e'i$<er+$e idej+n i$ e); /a8án e''en &Q&and: á!"r



U+'jára (er&e%(e >e'a$%ná'ni9Id*%!en a% an)"'" +$ >ranUiá $""'da' á!"r$ 8r"&"?áUi:ja r+&+n a% e=r:8ai á!"r 'ee($+)e N+<e("r$%á) e''enQ)+re(e$e!!+ &á'(9 Enne );6<*'U$e "rá!!an +re(( !e9 -i&e'

<in( N+<e("r$%á), <id /a8án 'e&er+$+e% a S%"&je(=ni: a(a'<a$e<!er(ar(a'+á( Q&án(á >e'a$%ná'ni, a $"rrende( <e) e''e((&á'("%(a(ni9 Da&ie$(' (=dj=, "); a% "r"$% U$a8a(" <ár a ar?<inUa$ +&e *%e8+n i$ *%&e('en6' arU"'(a a ja8án ader e'?'en .Qna (er6'e(+n9 A $%"&je(?ja8án $e<'e)e$$+)i $%er%d+$ a N+?10<e("r$%á) e''eni á!"r U+'jára na);"n i$ e'n;*$ &"'( a% "r"?$%"na9 A%"n!an anna *(+&e$ (er<in=$a na);"n i$ );an$$á (e?

$%i a S%"&je(=ni: /a8ánna' a8U$"'a("$ $%ánd+á(9 E);+r(e'<Pen'á($%i, "); <ind a S%"&je(=ni:, <ind a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" en;?n;i idre !eU$6'(e, <+) iná!! (er&e%(e N+<e("r$%á) a("nai 'e?);%+$+(9Bár a S%"&je(=ni: a $e<'e)e$$+)i $%er%d+$ e''en+re e);e('en 8i''ana(ra $e< <"nd"(( 'e e); A<eria á'(a' &e%e(e(( /a8án e''eniá!"r!an &a': r+$%&+(e'r', enne in;i'&ánQ(á$ár:' <ár 1439"(:!er+!' &an i(e'( +rde<' ada(=n9 E!!en a% id!en ár"<?

a(a'erenUia >"';i -"$%&á!an9 S%(á'ina 6'6);<ini$%(ere r+$%+re ad"(( !U$&aU$"rán *%*'(e !i%a'?<a$an H='' a<eriai 6'6);<ini$%(erre', "); n;"<!an a% e=r:? 8ai á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án ad!a '+8 /a8án e''en9 A% in>"r<áUi:Bere%$"&(:' S%(á'in ("'<áU$á(:' $%ár<a%i9 Nei 8edi) e'ie(? j69 A (eeráni "n>erenUián i$ $%:!a er6'( a S%"&je(=ni: /a8áne''eni (á<adá$a, de r+$%'e(ei( +$ $%"&je( (á<ad: ader F*'U$*n? !+r'e(i dQjá( a /a'(ai ."n>erenUián >")'a'já Qrá$!a9 A% e%%e' a8?U$"'a("$ (ár);a'á$"!a a% e);+!+n( "(( (ar(:%"d: J=rUi''(ne< &"n(á !e9 A%"n!an a '+(rej*(( $%er%d+$(, an+'6', "); a%a'=!an r+$%( &e(( &"'na 149 >e!r=ár 11?+n &e'e i$ a'áQra((á9 <eS%"&je(=ni: ja&ada'<a%á$i $%er%d+$e#FN+<e("r$%á) a8i(='áUi:já( +$ a% e=r:8ai á!"r !e?>eje%+$+( *&e(en +(?ár"< :na8"n !e'6' a S%"&je(?=ni: +$ a $%*&e($+)e$e "'da'án á!"r!a '+8 /a8án e'?



'en a% a'á!!i >e'(+(e'ee'#19b .6'$?-"n):'iá!an Xa -"n)"' N+8*%(ár$a$á)!anYa $(a(=$ [="( >enn e'' (ar(ani929b Or"$%"r$%á) "rá!!i j")ai(, a<e';ee( a% 1049 +&i

i($%e) ja8án (á<adá$ <e)$+r(e((, e';re e'' á''Q(ani,<+)8edi)#a9b S%aa'in d+'i r+$%+(, &a'a<in( a% *$$%e$ *rn;e% $%i?)e(ee( &i$$%a e'' adni9 A S%"&je(=ni:na910 !9b Dairen ere$ede'enná'': 6'*n'e)e$ +rdeeine <e):&á?$a <e''e((, ne<%e(*%i&+ e'' (enni, ("&á!!á &i$$%a e''

á''Q(ani a !+r'e(i j")&i$%"n;( "r( ArU!"rra, <in( aS%"&je(=ni: adi(en)er+$%e(i !á%i$ára9U9b A .e'e(?.Qnai &a$=(a( +$ a D+'?-and%$=riai &a$=(a(a<e';e ijára("( !i%("$Q(ana Dairene%, e); <e)a'a?Q(and: $%"&je(?.Qnai &e);e$ (ár$a$á) r+&+n *%*$en e''6%e<!en (ar(ani );, "); a S%"&je(=ni: 6'*n'e)e$ +r?deei( <e):&já +$ "); .Qna <e)(ar(a$$a (e'je$ $%=&e?reni(á$á( -and%$=riá!an9

29b .=ri''i?$%i)e(ee( a S%"&je(=ni:"% e'' U$a("'ni9 41Bere%$"&, S%(á'in ("'<áU$a enn;i( id+% e!!' a "rre(ne i)a%án ne< <"nda(: $%er%d+$!', a<e';ne ("&á!!i 8"n(jaie'' 'e);ene9 Va':$%QnP, "); $%ere8e' !enne ."rea 3@9 $%+'e$?$+)i >"(:' +$%ara e$ r+$%+ne a S%"&je(=ni: +rde$%>+rájá!an=(a'á$a +$ Bere%$"& $%erin( a d"=<en(=< ("&á!!i r+$%+!en 8"n(""n Q&6' $%ere8e', "); 6'$?-"n):'iára, +$ a 2bU 8"n(!ane<'Q(e(( i*(re +$ &a$(&"na'ara &"na("%: <e)á''a8"dá$"%$%6$+)e$ a .Qnai >+' !e'ee);e%+$e, de a% i$, "); S%"&je(=ni:na e%ee( a% i)+n;ei( a /a8án >*'*((i );%e'e< =(án >e'(+('en6' i e''e'+)Q(eni9E% a R""$e&e'(i <e)"'dá$ na);"n a$"n'Q( a );ar<a("$Q("((.e'e(?E=r:8ai e$e(+e%, <i$%erin( e%e a% "r$%á)" S%"&je(=ni:$%"Uia'i%á'a(: 6(*% %:nái( +8e%i, de e'!! $%a!ad &á'a$%(á?$"a( e'' !enn6 (a((ani9 Enne ered<+n;+( 8edi) addi) e''



U$a'ni, a<Q) 8"%i(Q&&á ne< &á'("%i9); (Pni, a >")a'<a%á$ *r6' 'ee(e(( !i%"n;"$ >+'re+r(+$9Arr:' =);ani$ $%: $e< e$e((, "); A<eria e$e('e) a'=dna /a8án+$ .Qna ja&ára, de a .Qná( i$ +rin( r+$%en+' R""$e&e'( n;aa(e?

er(e!!en Q&án( >")a'<a%ni9 E% a >en(ie!' i i$ (Pni# F.Qna !e'ee);e%+$e $%6$+)e$, de a S%"&je(=ni: i)+n;ei( >e'(+('en6' ie'' e'+)Q(eni941 Ha'<"$; D+&+$# Ne<%e(*%i S%er%d+$e 11@?14 39 "1d9105Va);i$ e'' a .Qnai j:&áa);á$, de a% e$e('e)e$ ián;a ne<aadá';9 S%(á'in <+) erre i$ )"r"<!án rea)á'(9 Érde<e$ $%: $%e?rin( id+%ni#

FHa ne< >")adjá e' a >e'(+(e'eie(, je'en(e((e i, a $%"&? je( e<!ere nee%en +r(en+ <e), <ine '+8 !e a S%"&? je(=ni: a /a8án e''eni á!"r!a9 Na);"n j:' <e)+r(i a N+<e("r$%á) e''eni á!"r +r(e'<+(, i$%en N+<e("r$%á)a S%"&je(=ni: 8=$%(a '+(+( >en;e)e((e, de ne< +r(en+ <e), <ine e''e(( a S%"&je(=ni:na <e)(á<adnia /a? 8án(9T+n;'e) <ine e''e((W Hi$%en N+<e("r$%á))a' e''en(+(!en

/a8án e$e(+!en ne< $ier6'( anna 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$á( i8r"&"?á'ni, <ár U$a id ián;á!an $e<9 /a8án "rre(6' !e(ar("((a$e<'e)e$$+)i $%er%d+$+(, 8edi) i)en ne+% e';%e(!e "%a((a&"'na a S%"&je(=ni:(, a <"ndj= 1419 "(:!er+!en =);ane%( (e?$%i &e'e9 FHa &i$%"n( e'>")adjá a% 8"'i(iai >e'(+(e'ei( >"';(a((aS%(á'in $"a' *nn;e!! 'e$% <e)<a);ará%ni a d"')"( a n+8ne +$ a S%"&je(=ni: 'e)>e'$!! (anáU$ána i$, i$%en e% Q); a% "r$%á)ne<%e(i +rdeei( +rin(eni9E%((a' S%(á'in <inden er(e'+$ n+'6' i<"ndja, "); a (e?r6'e($%er%+$ +$ <á$ n+8e <inden " n+'6'i <e)(á<adá$a +$ i?>"$%(á$a aárU$a Uári e'dein+' "r"$% ne<%e(i +rde, a<e';+r(n+8e &+rá'd"%a(a 'e);en a% !ár<i';en na); $"a$e< drá)a9 Ne< i)a% a á!"r =(áni (*r(+ne(Qrá$ <ani8='áUi:ja, <i$%erin(Tr=<an "($da<!an 'e aar(a rá%ni a S%"&je(=ni:(, <"nd&án a%a("<!"<!a !ir("'á$a r+&+n nei <ár ninU$ $%6$+)e a% "r"$%"



$e)Q($+)+re9 Enne 8"n("$an a% e''ene%je i)a%9 Tr=<an &a':!an<e)(ee((e &"'na, i$%en a +( a("<!"<!a !e&e%e(+$+&e' !e*?&e(e%e(( /a8án a8i(='áUi:ja9 Teá( a% "r"$%"ra &a':!an ne<&"'( $%6$+)9

A% a<eriai 6'd*(($+) (a)jai "($da<!an (+n;'e) an)"%?(a((a i';en +r&ee(9Tr=<an a%"n!an 6);e$en i>")(a e%e &i("r'ájá!:' a $%e'e(9Tr=<an a "($daerenUia e'$ na8ján 149 j'i=$ 15?+na8(a <e) a (á&ira(i +r(e$Q(+$( a$in)("n!:' a% a("<!"<!a? Q?$+r'e( ed&e% ered<+n;+r'9 /'i=$ 21?+n a r+$%'e(e$ je'en(+$ i$<e)+re%e((9 /'i=$ 24?+n S%(á'in( i$ (áj+"%(a((a r:'a9 Tr=<an ar?10@

ra =(a$Q("((a a ad&e%e($+)e(, "); a% a("<!"<!á( 'e)"rá!!ana"r d"!já 'e /a8ánra, a<i"r <ár e'a);(a "($da<"(9 A%id8"n( i';e(+n <e)a(ár"%á$a <ár e'e&e <a);ará%a("( ad arra,"); <i+r( (e((e9 ); =);ani$ ne< (á<a$%("((a a'á $e<e'<"ndá$á(9 A% a("<!"<!a a(á$a <+) U$a e'<+'e(i, 8=$%(Q(: erej+( U$a !e&e(+$+( *&e(en 'ee( >e'<+rni9Tr=<an =(a$Q(á$ána <e)>e'e'en a% e'$ a("<!"<!á( 149

a=)=$%(=$ ?án d"!(á 'e Hir"$i<ára9 A% "r"$%" R""$e&e'((e'+$ Tr=<anna' *(*(( <e)e);e%+$e% Q&en a=)=$%(=$ @?án ada(6%enne /a8ánna9 );ane%en a na8"n d"!já 'e a <á$"di a("<!"<!á( Na)a$%aira9 A ja8án "r<án; a=)=$%(=$ 10?+n á? !e'(á&ira(!an +r(e$Q(e((e S("U"'< +$ Bern (ján a% a<eriai"r<án;( a% "r$%á) <e)adá$ár:'9A S%"&je(=ni: ad<P&e'e(ei a á!"r <e)n;er+$+e% e);á'?(a'án ne< jár='(a "%%á9 A%" i%ár:'a) arra "r'á("%:d(a, "); !ir("!a &e);+ a% e%((a' <e) $e< $%"')á'( >i%e($+)e(9 Enn+'i)a%$á)(a'ana!! $%a!adra!'á$( a (*r(+ne'e< <+) ne< je);%e(( >e'9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" á'(a' /a8án (er6'e(+n &+)reaj("(( n=?'eári$ "'"a=$%( a &i'á)(*r(+ne'e< 'e)8=$%(Q(:!! <P&e &"'(9 S"a<+) i';en r*&id id a'a(( $e<+'e e$%*%%e' i';en $" e<!er(ne< 8=$%(Q("((a e'9 Enne $%+);ene *r*+ Q$+r(eni >")ja A<e?ria (*r(+ne'<+( +$ n+8+(9 A% a<eriai n+8 8edi) ae';e((, ");



!"U$ána("( +rne a ja8án n+8(', a <ai na8i) "';an );P'*'e((e'n;i'&án=' <e) <inden e''en, a")a'?<á(9

S%(á'in <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ $%a!adra!'á$a a%"n!an /a8án<e)$arU"'á$á&a' $e< +r( &+)e(9 Há(ra &"'( <+) Á%$ia9 E%e rea'i?%á'á$a a%"n!an (*!!$+)6!en U$a a F);ar<a(" >e'$%a!adQ(á$aere(+!en (*r(+n(9 ); er6'( $%"&je( !e>"';á$ a'á a $ier(e'en "?reai 8r:!á'"%á$ =(án Vie(na<9 Ér(e(, "); e% a >ranUia !ir(" a(á&"'e'e$en i&á'("((a a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +rde'd+$+(9 A<eri?ai?"r"$% (i("$ <e)á''a8"dá$ a'a8ján e'$ 6(e<!en Vie(na<+$%ai >e'e er6'( !"'$e&i$(a irán;Q(á$ a'á9 E% &i$%"n;'a) r*&id id

a'a(( !e*&e(e%e((9 7ranUia"r$%á) a na); (á&"'$á) <ia((, de a <á?$"di &i'á)á!"r &e$%(e$+)ei i$ $%ere8e( já($%"(( "rai &ere$+)+? !en, &i$%"n;'a) r*&id id a'a(( >e'ad(a9 A $%e<>+n;&e$%(+$ ed&+?10+r( a d+'i r+$%e &+de'<+( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" &á''a'(a9 E% a );a?"r'a(!an A<eria +$ a S%"&je(=ni: á!"rja &"'(, a<e'; a ne<'+(e% ide)á!"r i(e'e$ &"'(á( i$ i);ee%e(( !i%"n;Q(ani9 A &a?':$á)!an A<eria enne ere(+!en Q$+r'e(e%(e +$ 8r:!á'(a i a

)eri''a?ad&i$e'+$e% i>ej'e$%(e(( >e);&eree(9); (Pni e% i)en 'a$$ >"';a<a( 'ee(e((, i$%en (Q% (e'je$+&i) >")'a'"%(a((a a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" >e);&ere$ erej+(, a<e';e(>""%a("$an >+'<i''i: >re n*&e'(e Vie(na<!an9 A S%"&je(=ni:+$ .Qna F*n+n(e$eir' ninU$ <e)!Q%a(: $%á<ada(9 A% E);e$6'(Á''a<" >+'<i''i:$ adereje a (Q%+&e$ á!"r >"';a<án <ind*$$%e09000 > a'"((a( &e$%Q(e((9 N;=)"d(an á''Q(a(j=# a +( na);a?(a'"< adereje *%*(( i)en <a)a$ >" *$$%ean)"'( ad<P&e'e?(ere &"'( $%6$+) a"%, "); i';en U$e+'; &e$%(e$+))e' <e)?$%a((á9A &e$%(e$ ne< a );ar<a((ar(:, ane< a >e'$%a!adQ("(( &i?e(naranUiá e$erPen >i);e'(+, "); A<eria +$ a S%"&je(=ni: "?);an "$%("%i e);"ri !ir("a >e'e((i 8"'i(iai +$ )a%da$á)i !e>"?



';á$án9 ); )"nd"'(á &e$%Q(eni i$ (=dni e'', 'á($%:'a) j: +8e(&á)(a "%%á9 -ajd U$a a NATO i=(a$Q(á$á&a' ad(á A<eria+r(+$+re, "); "da>i);e'ne 6%e'<eire9 A S%"&je(=ni: a $e<<ire$e< j: ide"':)iai (erje$%ed+$+n Q&6' $e<i);e'<+( India >e'+ e''>"rdQ(ani9 De e"r S%(á'in $"a' iná!! e=r:8ai (er6'e(ee( &e((U+'!a9 R""$e&e'( Hi('ere% a$"n':an An)'ia ("&á!!i );en)Q(+$e+rde+!en i$ a%"n a Qred( (eeráni n+);$%e<*%(i <e)!e$%+?'+$en Indiá( i$ $%"&je( !e>"';á$ a'á ad(a9 A%( aján'"((a, "); i(( e);a'='r:' +8Q(e% $%"&je( rend$%er( "%%"n '+(re9 An)'ia a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án, 'á(&a a S%"&je(=ni: er$ i);ee%e(+( );ar<a(ai

F>e'$%a!adQ(á$ára <ajd a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" )a%da$á)á"% &a':i)a%"dá$á(, i);ee%e(( <en(eni a <en(e((9 G;ar<a(ai <e)(ar(?a(:$á)a +rde+!en 'a%Q("(( a%" >e'6);e'e(+n +$ )a%da$á)i i$%i? 8"';"%á$án9 -a)a i$ e); 6'*n*$ >e'$%a!adQ(á$i <P&e'e(!e >")"((9E'&i'e) a%"a( 'á($%:'a) e);enj")$Q("((a, <ajd a% );ne&e%e(( !ri( ne<%e(*%*$$+)!e &"n(a9 ); a 'á($%a(á( >enn(ar("((a ajdanina);$á)ána9 E%%e' India i$ F>e'$%a!ad='(9 E% =);an ne< !e>"?110

';á$"'(a S%(á'in(, "); i)ájá!a aj($a a (*!! $%á%<i''i:$ n+8e(,<+)i$ j"!!na 'á((a <e''%ni9 Ha =);ani$ i(erje$%(i >enna(:$á?)á( Indiára, e% e);!en a%( i$ je'en(e((e &"'na, "); +'e'<e%nie i$e'' e%( a $ajá( =ni:$ '+($%á<ána +($%ere$+( i(e& a(a'<a$ne<%e(e(9 E% 8edi) <e$$%e <e)a'ad(a a S%"&je(=ni: 'ee($+)e?i(9S%(á'in <+)$e< <"nd"(( 'e India e'&i !ir("'á$ár:', U$=8án>e'>6))e$%(e((e anna rea'i%á'á$á(9 Na);ra (*r á'<ai *%e8e((eHr=$U$"& 'á(")a(á$( (e$% Indiá!an, $ e<'+e%(e((e e( R""$e?&e'((' erede%(e(e(( j")aira9 E%( *&e(en a'á!!i e$e(e( (a8a$%(a'?a((=n, "); !i%"n;"$ 6'8"'i(iai &"na("%á$"!an ); n;i'&á?n='( <e) a% indiai "r<án; <in(a a !ri( ne<%e(*%*$$+))e'$%e<!en a Var$:i S%er%d+$ (a)ja 'enne9 Va':$%QnP Hr=$U$"& e%?%e' i i$ je'*'(e Indiána a ne<%e(*%i 8"'i(iá!an &a': <"%)á$(e?r+(9 Ga%da$á)á( $e<<i';en >"r<á!an ne< 8r:!á'(a in(e)rá'ni a



$%"Uia'i$(a )a%da$á)i <"de''e'9 India na); $%erenU$+j+re9S%(á'in á%$iai $%a!adra!'á$ána e(r+< e$e(e .Qna9 V"'(a+8? 8en e%( i$ <e)a8(a an+'6', "); +r(e9 S( ); (Pni na); n+? 8e$$+)+re (ein(e((e' (ar("(( i$ ('e9 ra'<a a'á aj(á$a +rde+!en

$e<<i( $e< (e((9 .Qna á!"r =(áni e';%e(e >'e) a% E);e$6'(Á''a<"a( ide)e$Q(e((e9 India n+8+ne a !+e >i'"%:>iájá!an &a':e'<er6'+$e, a<!QUi: n+'6'i &a''á$i e'ern;ed+$e, a raj(a Q&6'i &i?'á) irán(i +rde(e'en$+)e ne< &"n%"((a a :dQ(:a(9 .Qna a &i'á)'e)n+8e$e!! "r$%á)a a%"n!an enne 8"n( a% e''ene%je9 $i='(rája i$ i)a%"'ja, "); a% a"r @00 <i''i:$ a(a'<a$ n+8e$$+)a'"(:+8e$$+)e rendQ&6' na);9 A $%=nn;ad: :riá$ e'ne&e%+$!enninU$ $e<e'(+(e'ee' ind=': $%a!ad !++$

&er$en;!en 6'*n*$en a r"!!an+"n; >ej'd+$P /a8án $%"<?$%+d$á)á!an?i$%á<Q(a(a('an, $( a )a%da$á)!an U$=8án id+rd+$e a &i'á) &e%e( e';+( "$$% +&e%rede =(án i$<+( e'?>")'a'a(ja9 Enne &e$%+';+(' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" na);"n i$>+'(9 Harr; H"8in$ R""$e&e'( >(anáU$ad:ja <+) /a8án a8i(='á?Ui:ja e'(( >i);e'<e%(e(e((#FHa <e) e''ene je'*'n*< a%( a% "r$%á)"(, a<e';ne $"r$á!an a$% E);e$6'( Á''a<" 8"'i(iai +$ )a%da$á)i

$%e<8"n(!:' a 'e)iná!! +rdee'( 'e$% a% e'*&e(e%$%á% +&!en, a!"%á$ n+'6' a .Qnai .*%(ár$a$á)"( &á?111'a$%(aná<9 Ha /a8án( 'e);%%6 e%%e' .Qná!:' a &i'á)e);i 'e)na);"!! $%ára%>*'di a(a'<a 'e$%9 42S%(á'in na);"n &i);á%"(( arra, "); a $%"Uia'i$(a !+e(á!"r "r$%á)ai!an a 'e)er$e!! a(a'"<<a' !Qrj"n, <iá'(a' &e%e( $%e?re8e $e< ide"':)iai'a), $e< )a%da$á)i'a) ne 'e);en <e)+rdje?'e%e(9 Indiá&a' e''en(+(!en .Qná!an er$ "<<=ni$(a 8ár( <P?*di, a<e'; e'!!?=(:!! a $ajá( erej+!' i$ a(a'"<ra j=(a(9 E% 8edi) e); F$%"Uia'i$(a d=a'i%<=$"% &e%e(ne9 Ee% 8edi) $e<<i+88en $e< n;j(a( $e)+de%e(, anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a.Qnai "<<=ni$(á +$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;a *%*(( a%141 *%*((i á!"r$ id$%a!an a ne<%e(*%i "<<=ni$(a<"%)a'"< (*r(+ne(+!en, "); >in"<an >")a'<a%%=n $%"a('an +$



e);ed6'á'': a8U$"'a(" '+(e$6'(e9 43 S%(á'in -and%$=riá!a i$U$a a%+r( &"n='( !e, <"nda(ni e);e('en 8=$a'*&+$ n+'6' /a8ána8i(='áUi:ja =(án, "); a ja8án" á'(a' i+8Q(e(( <and%$= i8ar(e?'e8ee( 'e$%ere'j+, )+8ei( a S%"&je(=ni:!a $%á''Q($á9 Erre +$!!

a .Qnai "<<=ni$(á >e'&e(+$+re a%( a F<ari$(a <a);ará%a("(ad(a, "); F999a .Qnai n+8 +rde+!en (*r(+n(, <er( U$a Q); (=d(á <e)aadá';"%ni, "); J$an) .aj$e a% i8ari 8"(enUiá'( a 8"')ár?á!"r!an $ajá( n+8e e''en !e&e$$e9 J$a (er<+$%e(e$, ");e%ee( a (er<e' )+8ee( a .Qnai "<<=ni$(a a(a'"<á(&+(e'( *?&e(en $e< ad(á &i$$%a a% "r"$%" .Qnána9R""$e&e'(, <ajd Tr=<an 'á(&a S%(á'in ne< aará$á(, <a)a$e)Q(e((e );%e'e<re a ;enani "<<=ni$(áa( .Qná!an9 A e';%e(

ir:niája, "); a $%(á'ini !+e(á!"r S%(á'in e''en+re !&6'( a 'e)?er$e!! 'ánU$%e<+&e'9A .Qnai >"rrada'"< S%(á'in $e)Q($+)e n+'6' 149 "(:!er 1?+n );%e'e<<e' >eje%di !e9 ); (Pni enn;i idre &"'( $%6$+),"); a ja8án 'e);%+$+e% 'e);ár("(( >e);&ere Qnai e8"r(ja !e?>eje%dj*n9 A >e);&eree( =);an J$an)?.aj?$e &e%e((e .Qnaine<%e(i "r<án;na $%á''Q("((á, de J$an)?.aj?$e ad6);<i?ni$%(+ri=<á!an ne<%e(i .Qna á'(a' >i%e(e(( na);$%á< a<eriai

(anáU$ad: á'dá$"$ +$ j:' $%er&e%e(( <P*d+$e ered<+n;e+88en42 Ser_""d# Id+%e(( <P 42@9 "'d943 G*<*ri Endre# A $a$ +$ a $árán; 139 "'d9112enne 0^? a -a"?Je?(=n) &e%e((e jenani "<<=ni$(á e%+!e%$á<án;"':d(a9A .Qnai "<<=ni$(a *%(ár$a$á) iiá'(á$a =(án a% a<eriai?a J$an) (e'je$ ad<ini$%(ráUi:já( +$ *&e(i( 7"r<:%a $%i)e(+re<eneQ(e((+, a"' '+(re"%(á a Taj&an?i Ne<%e(i .Qna á''a<á(9E% e);e$6'( Á''a<" a &i'á) n+8ei&e' a%( a !en;"<á$( e'(e((e,<i$%erin( a .Qnai N+8*%(ár$a$á) aara(a e''en+re j*(( '+(re9 En?ne ie(&+ (+(e'e +rde+!en ne< i$ i$<er(e e'9 44T"&á!!ra i$ J$an)?.aj?$e rend$%er+( r+$%e$Q(e((e di8'"?<áUiai e'i$<er+$!en9A% ENSZ á''and: (a)$á)á!an i$ ( r+$%e$Q(e((e9 Enne >'e)



a% &"'( a 8ra(i=$ "a, "); e%%e' a %á$$a' <e) (=d(a >i%e((e(nia%"a( a >e);&er$%á''Q(á$"a(, a<e';ee( >"r<ai'a) J$an)?na 6'd*((, a &a':$á)!an a%"n!an -a"?na ad(a9 );ana"r a 'e)?>"n("$a!! U+' i$ (e'je$6'(9 E% 8edi) ne< <á$, <in( a a(a'<a$ .Q?

na >ej'd+$+ne a !"'$e&i$(a )a%da$á)i <"de''re &a': á(á''Q(á$á&a'&a': <e)aadá';"%á$a9 Harr; H"8in$ +$ >n*e R""$e&e'( e!!en&"'(a !e&a''"((an na);"n i$ +rdee'(e9 Aara(= e''en+re a .Qnai>"rrada'"< ne< );%e(e((9 Enne 'e&er+$+e% !ár<i';en >=r?U$án an)%i i$ R""$e&e'( +$ Tr=<an i$ aár a $%"&je(=ni: V*?r*$ Had$ere)+( i$ >e'a$%ná'a((a &"'na9 A .Qnai "<<=ni$(a a?(a'"< '+(rej*((e $"a' iná!! á''( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +rde+? !en, <in( a S%"&je(=ni:na9

.=!á&a' +$ A>)ani$%(ánna' >"';(a(:di a S%"&je(=ni: e%((a'<ár a );ar<a(" >e'$%a!adQ(á$á!an &a': *%re<P*d+$+ne &a':?$%QnP +re('en6' (*r(+n F<e)j=(a'<a%á$a9 -a <ár e);+r(e'<P$Q(e(, "); e%e $%"&je( !e>"';á$ a'á &"ná$a =);an?U$a A<eria +rde+!en (*r(+n(9 A% );ne&e%e(( 10?e$ rend?$%er&á'(á$ idej+n a% "r"$%" i);ee%(e i$ e +( na); an;a)i á'd"?%a("( *&e(e% &á''a'"%á$( a 'ee( 'e));"r$a!!an $%aná'ni9E%e a $%a!adra!'á$i 8r:!á'"%á$" 'á($%a(ra =);an Q&6' e$?

ne a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ ja&ada'<a%á$"n9 .*%&e(&e a%"n!an<+)i$ enne $%á<'ájára Qra(:, i$% an+'6' enne >e'(+(e'ei, a%SA r+$%+r' &a': $%6$+)e$$+)e ne< <er6'( &"'na >e'9A <ene(rend$%erP 'a(ina<eriai 8=UU$" e);re (*!! 8+n%+!eer6'(e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"na9 -e) e''e(( (a'á'ni enne &a'a?44 "<<ererin)# A .Qnai?$%"&je( a(ár"n>'i(=$ 2@9 $%9 +%ira( 1@@9 "'d9113+'e e''en$%er+(9 A ide)á!"r&a' á'Uá%"(( a<eriai?$%"&je($%*&e($+)i e);6((<P*d+$ ere(+!en <e) i$ (a'á'(á a%( a 6'*n*$>"r<á(, a<e'; ed&6e( $%e)(e a 8=UU$i$(ána .=!a, a% a<eri?aia $%:ra"%:e';e a a%ai $%:ra"%(a(: i8arna i$ $%á'a &"'( a$%e<+!en9 A (er& i&i(e'e%+$+re 7ide' Ja$(r: Xá''Q(:'a) %$id:Y >"r?rada'<ár a8"(( <e)!Q%á$(9A Ja$(r: (e$(&+re n+án; <indenre a8a(: (ár$=a' ered?<+n;e$en 'á%Q("((á >e' a% e'+)ede('en$+)re <indi) aj'a<"$ =?



!aiaa(9 Ba(i$(a, a $"r"$ =!ai e'n* 19 jan=ár 1?+n 'e<"nd +$e'<ene6'9 Ne< (=dni i +$ e'e' enne a(á$ára i$ U$a <á$na8 &"n='na !e a >&ár"$!a9 7ide'Ja$(r: 8edi) U$a <in(e); (Q% na8 <'&a9

A =!ai &á'("%á$" *&e(e%(+!en a S%"&je(=ni: arra +n;?$%er6', "); +&i e);<i''i: ("nna U=r"( &e);en á(, $ i(e'e%%e a=!ai $%"Uia'i%<=$ +8Q(+$+(9 E% a% á''a8"( 10?i) 'e)>e'je!! an;?n;i!an &á'("%"((, "); a S%"&je(=ni: e);re <+';e!!en e''e((,"); a %$e!+!e n;'j"n9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" &i$%"n( e'+r(e U+'? já(9 A 'a(ina<eriai á''a<" "<"';an <e)ijed(e, "); .=!a$"r$ára j=(na9 S a% a<eriai d"''ár e';e(( <e)je'enne a $%"&je((anáU$", "); ide"':)iai :=$%?8:=$%"+r( U$er+!e <a)=a'

&i);+ a% a<eriaia e'' $iere$en <e)<en(e(( ja&aia(9 A a?(a'"<&á'(: 8=UU$" je'en($ <+r(+!en U$*en(e, <ajd e'<a?rad(a9A>)ani$%(án e$e(e 6'*n*$ +$ renda);:, a<e';re a <a)ae';+n a% eddi)ien+' r+$%'e(e$e!!en &i$$%a(+r6n9A S%"&je(=ni: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ ja&ada'<a%á$a *%*((>e'(+('en6' $%:'ni e'' a >ej'e(( (eUn"':)iai i$<ere(e (+rQ(+$<en?(e$ á(adá$ár:'9 I)a% e% U$a (*!!n;ire adii8ari (er<+ere &"na(?

"%"((9 E"r <+) a% a("<(eUn"':)iai =(a(á$ ered<+n;ei( i$ ide$"r"'(á9 Enne &"'( *$%*ne(, "); a S%"&je(=ni: a% e)+$% &i?'á) á<='a(ára 14?!en >e'r"!!an("((a a% e'$ a("<!"<!ájá(,a<e';e( r*&id id a'a(( a idr")+n!"<!ája i$ *&e(e((9 A <e)'e? 8e(+$ ne< &"'( a'a8(a'an, i$%en a S%"&je(=ni: a á!"r a'a(( ne<>"';(a("(( a("<Q$+r'e(ee(9 .=rU$a("&, ai( a $%"&je( a("<!"<!a$%6'a(;jána (ar(ana, 142?!en <+) a >r"n("n $%"')á'(9A 8"'i(iai (*r(+n+$e irán( <+';e!!en +rde'd );anjae'"$%'a(á$ára a% a<eriai +$ a $%"&je( "r<án; e);e%(e(e(( <a);a?rá%a("( ad"((9 E$%erin( a% a("<=(a(á$"n d"')"%: *%6' &a'ai e'?114ár='(a a% "r"$%"na a% a("<(i("(9 E'$ e';en a R"$en!er)?á%a$8ár( );an$Q("((á <e) +$ a $%"&je( i)a%$á)$%"')á'(a(á$<:d$%erei&e' ráj= i$ !i%"n;Q(já ár='á$=a(9 A S%"&je(=ni: á'(a'$%Q("(( +$ $%er&e%e(( na); ne<%e(*%i (i'(a"%á$" e''en+re i i$



&+)%i e(9 Va'a<i&e' +$!! a% ár=': *%+ $"r"'já .'a=$7aU$?"(, ai a%"n!an +'&e <e)$%(a a );an( +$ !i%"n;Q(á$(9A% i)a%$á) a%"n!an e)+$%en <á$M1429 n;arán S%(á'in J=rUi'' +r(+$+re ad(a na);>" U$a':?

dá$á( a $%*&e($+)e$e á'(a' <ár a n+<e(?$%"&je( á!"r <e)indQ?(á$a e'(( <e)Q)+r( <á$"di >r"n( <e)n;i(á$ána +$ede'<e <ia((9A n+%e(e'(+r+$ e'$i<Q(á$ára J=rUi'' 1429 a=)=$%(=$ *%e8+n-"$%&á!a =(a%i9 A (ár);a'á$""n S%(á'in 6'*n <e)á''a8"dá$<e)*(+$+( e%de<+n;e%(e (a'á'<án;aira &"na("%: e);<á$(áj+"%(a(á$ára9 A% ad"(( e';%e(!en S%(á'in e%( a adi(eUniai(a'á'<án;"ra, j >e);&erere +r(e'<e%(e9 J=rUi'' &á'a$%a#F999<inden e''en$%"')á'(a(á$ n+'6' !ár<i( <e)a8a(na

('6n, i&+&e a%"a( a !erende%+$ee(, a<e';e, a a$%á''Q(:?re86')+8ee( 'e'n+ a% e''en$+)e$ &"na'a >*?'*((, <e)nee%Q(en+ N+<e("r$%á) !"<!á%á$á(9 S%(á'ine'>")ad(a e%( a i*(+$(9 4A% a("<(eUn"':)ia (er&eine S%"&je(=ni: r+$%+re &a': á(?adá$ár:' <a <ár !i%("$ (=d"<á$=n +$ !i%"n;Q(+=n &an9=i)'e; Jarr"' dr9 a Har&ard +$ a rinUe("n E);e(e< (anára 'e!? !en(i >e' e (i("%a("$ >á(;'a( a% 1?!an 8=!'iá'(# Tra)+dia +$

re<+n;$+) UQ<P *n;&+!en9 -e)(=dj=, "); /"rdan RaUe; r?na); a "n)re$$%=$i !i%"(($á) e'(( (e(( &a''"<á$(9 RaUe; rna); a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r idej+n *%&e('en6' Harr; H"8in$ irán;Q(á$aa'a(( á''(, $ a S%"&je(=ni:na n;j("(( *'U$*n!+r'e(i >e);&er +$+'e'<i$%er$e)+';e $%á''Q(á$á( in(+%(e9 H"8in$ R""$e&e'( !i?%a'<a$a 143?!an $%e<+';e$en ra"(( >e' (*!! >ee(e !r*nd*(e); S%"&je(=ni:!a ind=': $e)+';$%á''Q(: )+8re9 /"rdan rna); e'?'enri%(e a !r*nd* (ar(a'<á(9 -e)á''a8Q("((a, "); a%" (e'e&anna a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"ra &"na("%: +<ed+$i ira("a', a%a("<Q$+r'e(e (er&ei&e'9 A% rna); <e)(i'("((a a re86')+8 >e'?$%á''á$á( +$ je'en(+$(+(e're a$in)("n!a re86'(94 J=rUi''# Id+%e(( ii +!er$+)++r( $%i)"r>e);e'en;e)e((+ <e)9 .+$!! H"8in$ =(a$Q("((a



(*!! $%á''Q(<án; >in"<Q("(( =ráni=< S%"&je(=ni:!a 6'd+$+re i$9S%a+r( a%( i$ <e)á''a8Q("((á, "); e% a% =ráni=< <enn;i$+) j:&a' (*!! &"'(, <in( ae'ed+$!e i$ <er6'(9A% 149 +&i );ne&e%e(( rend$%er&á'(á$ idej+re Berija a$%"&je( (i("$rendr$+) &"'( >n*+ne >ia (áj+"%(a((a arr:' a$aj(:(, "); ne< $"a' a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r i(*r+$e e'((O8enei<er a L"$ A'a<"$i A("<=(a(: (e'e8 &e%e(je n+án;:na8i) a S%"&je(=ni:!an (ar(:%"d"(( +$ <ind&+)i) a8jáná' 'a?"((9E% a "$$% idei) (i("%a("$ &end+)járá$ <indenn+' j"!!an

!i%"n;Q(ja a% a<eriai +$ a% "r"$% %$id: $%a!ad<P&e$$+) (e'je$*$$%e>"n:dá$á(9 NinU$ +r(e'<e a% a("<(i(" i$%"')á'(a(á$á( a +?<ere >")ni, <er( &+)reaj(:i a ); j"!!an (e($%i e'ár=':i a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +'+n á''"((a9 H"); <i+r( &+)e%(+ i aR"$en!er)?á%a$8ár( <+)i$, &a); <i+r( =rU"'(á <e) .'a=$7=rU$?"(cWS%a!ad<P&e$ á'd"%a("( "%(a a ide)á!"r$ $%+'á?<"$$á) "'(árán9 Ne"); a >+'re&e%e(e(( &i'á) >e'i$<erje# A% E);e?

$6'( Á''a<" +$ a S%"&je(=ni: 'e)>e'$ &e%e(+$+!en a ide)á!"r$"a$e< '+(e%e((9 E''ene%'e), a <ai na8i) a% a $%*&e($+)i &i?$%"n; je''e<%i, a<e';e( N+<e("r$%á) a("nai 'e);%+$+re +$ $%*?&e($+)e$ei );ar<a(aina jrae'"$%(á$ára <e)*(*((e -indene);+! U$a a 8"rin(:$, *d*$Q(+$ :U$a (r6je9Enne a $%*&e($+)i (eUn"':)ia?U$er+ne ere(+!en a8ja<e) a S%"&je(=ni: a% a<eriai ra+(a? +$ Praj:%á$i =(a(á$" ered<+n;+( i$9 S%á<"$ Q$+r'e(i (e$%(e'+$ a S%"&je(=ni:!an (*r(+?ni9 Ha =);ani$ ninU$ e''en$+)+8, a"r a% a<eriai $%ená(=$ !i?%"n;"$an ne< $%a&a%%a <e) a *'($+)&e(+$!en a%"a( a 8+'dá('a?n=' <a)a$ a("nai iadá$"a(, a<e';e a adi(eUniai =(a(á$"?a( i$ >ede%(e9 En+'6' 8edi) a% á); );ár"$ %$id: 8'=("ráUiai';en );"r$ +$ <+re(e('en <e))a%da)"dá$ára $e<+'e 'ee(?$+) ne< ad:d"(( &"'na9 A <e)já($%"(( ide)á!"r n+'6' a% e'?+8e$%(en na); adi >ej'e$%(+$e ián;á!an a% a<eriai ('(er?



<e'+$i &á'$á) a n;"'U&ana$ +&e e';e( <ár a a(&ana$ +&e &+?11)+n !e*&e(e%i9 Hi$%en e% i$e!! <+re(e!en =);an <+) an;=)a( á'(a' i%"'á'( .e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a<"!an i$ je'en(e%e((9 Ne

>e'ej($6 e', "); 8+'dá=' -a);ar"r$%á)"n a &e$%(e$ &i'á)á!"r+$ a% 1?"$ >"rrada'"< 'e&er+$e e''en+re <+) a r"$$%=' $%er&e?%e(( +$ &e%e(e(( )a%da$á) i$ 1@?!an Fj )a%da$á)i <eUani%?<=$ !e&e%e(+$+re +n;$%er6'9 Enne ere(+!en e'' á($%er&e%ni,j (er<e'+$i 8r">i'ra á(á''Q(ani $%á<"$ na);6%e<e(9 -indenie<'+e%e( <+) <a i$ a V*r*$ J$i''a) Tra("r);ár 'á(&án;"$ !=?á$ára9 Ne< &"'( $"a' j"!! a e';%e( a (*!!i !"'$e&i$(a );ar?<a("n $e<9 J$e$%'"&áia =);ane!!en a% +&!en Fe<!erarU

"<<=ni%<=$ (e:riájá&a' 8r:!á'"%"(( i=(a( (a'á'ni9 eU+rea%"n!an a $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$ %d='( a n;aá!a, a<e';e( a n+<e?(e e'ár='á$a >ej+!en 8edi) a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 'e%árá$a+n(<e)$%"((9.e'e(?N+<e("r$%á)"( U$a a n;=)a(?n+<e( a8i(a'i$(a "n? j=n(ra <en(e((e <e) a $%"Uia'i$(a &á'$á)(:'9 Bár<i';en e''en(?<"ndá$na (Pni i$, <+)i$ a%( e'' <"ndj=, e% a ide)á!"r$á'$%e<!ená''á$ a !+eid$%a <e)"$$%a!!"dá$á( ered<+n;e%(e9

.i$e!!?na);"!! á!"r =);an $%in(e á''and: je''e))e' >"';(a,de e%e (*!!n;ire e'$%i)e(e'( je'en$+)e <arad(a9 Ne< '+8(+ ('a% a<eriai )a%da$á)i !e>"';á$" <e)$%er%+$+ne ere(ei(9 Na?);"!! (+r$+)e (*!! á''a< r+$%&+(e'+&e' d': á!"r ne< &"'?(a9A &i$%"n;'a) !++$ <ajdne< >+'+&$%á%ad, a<e';ne á!"r$e$e(ei R""$e&e'( >")a'<a%á$a $%erin( a !+e <e)&+d+$+( $%"')á'?(á, U$a A<eria +$ a S%"&je(=ni: e$e(+!en i)a%9 A $%"')a$á)!ad*n(*(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a<", 6'*n*$en -a);ar"r$%á) +$ J$e?$%'"&áia $%Q&e$en 'e<"nd(a &"'na a !+e <e)&+d+$+ne err' a>"r<ájár:' 1?!an, i''e(&e 1@?!an9A );ar<a(" jra >e'"$%(á$ána !e>eje%+$e =(án a% addi)i$(a(=$ [=" <ár a% j );ar<a((ar(: !i%"n;"$ >+j+&+ &á'(9 A .e?'e(?E=r:8ai !"'$e&i$(a );ar<a(" n+8e i$ <e)(a'á'(a P!+r=rai i?a$%ná'á$ána <:djá(, Q); a%" a n;"'U&ana$ +&e &+)+re iná!!



(er+re, <in( a$%nára &"'(a );ar<a((ar(:j=na9 A e';%e( (eá(&á'("%á$ e'+ +re%e((9115A VÖRÖS BIRODALO- NAG GARATC?

/ÁNA. VÁRATLAN HALÁLAA <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 'e%árá$á&a' a S%"&je( !ir"da'"< i?%$á<án;"'á$ára e'ad"(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a<"!an a% e<!erir(á$$ajn"$ ne< +r( &+)e(9 A ne<%e(*%i %$id:$á) á'(a' ('re8re%en(á'(-"$%&á!an i+8%e(( (err"ri$(a 6'*nQ(<+n;e$e a $%"&je( ad?$ere) $e)Q($+)+&e' r*&id &á'a$%(á$i "<+dia ere(+!en e i(6n(e?(e(( ne<%e(e +'+re &ereed(+ <a)=a(9 E%e a ne<%e(*%i !P?n*%, á''a<>+r>ia 8:%á!an (e($%e'e)&e <a)="n Q&6' <inden?

i!en e''en$+)e( 'á((a, de ne<e);$%er e);<á$( $e< Q<+'(+9T*!! +&e$ a <a);ar ne<%e( e''en >"';(a("(( ir(: adjára(=a' >e?'6'<'(á <+) a (a(árjárá$ +$ a (*r*d'á$ e);e('en$+)+( i$9 -a?);ar"r$%á)"( "''e(Q& !Pn*$$+) a(e):riájá!a $"r"'(á9 Teá(<a)a a '+(e%+$ e!!en a% "r$%á)!an !Pnne $%á<Q("((9Ha &a'aine a% e)%i$%(enUiája a "'d=$$%e)+n;$+)e( aárU$a e); >"a' <e)a'ad(a, ja&ai <inden ind" n+'6' e'"!"%a(:&"'(9 Aine á%a, 'aá$a &a'a<e'; &*r*$ "<i$%árna <e)(e(?

$%e((, <ár (e'e8Q(e((+ i$ i &id+re, ne<e);$%er i$(á'':!a9 S"$%"r 8edi) ""'( &ádaa' !e!*r(*n*%(+9 Laá$á!a 8edi) !e*'(*%?(e9 S%a!adra!'á$ &"'( e% a ja&á!:'ME $%*rn;P$+)e 'eQra(a('an á''a8"(ána *%e8e((e 139 <ár?Ui=$ ?+n &ára('an=' <e)a' a &i'á)(*r(+ne'e< 'e)na);"!! :+ra9A% Qr"(( (*r(+ne'e< =);ani$ e);e('en "';an á''a<>( $e< i$<er,a<e';ne a(a'<á"% ann;i &+r (a8adna, <in( S%(á'in+"%9 ra'?"dá$á( <in(e); 3@ <i''i: e<!er a'á'a je''e<%i, U$a a S%"&je(?=ni:!an9 H"); a &+)e'$%á<"'á$ná' 'e'+( án; e<!er a'á'a (er?e'i, a%( U$a a% I$(en (=da(ja, a =);an e a(a'<a$ $%á<"( +8e$&"'( >e'je);e%ni9A e);e('en di(á("r a'á'á&a' .e'e(?E=r:8ai n+8ei >e''+'e)e%?ne9 Vá'("%á$na e'' *&e(e%nie9 Ne< (=dni a% <i';en 'e$%, deenn+' r"$$%a!! <ár ne< 'ee(, (eá( j"!!na e'' j*nnie9 E% a<e)*nn;e!!6'+$ ne<U$a a $%"Uia'i$(a );ar<a(" 'a"$$á)á(



je''e<e%(e, ane< a% e)+$% S%"&je(=ni:( i$, <+) a a(a'"< !ir("?"$ai( i$9 S%(á'in >""%a("$ $%e''e"';a<a((a' 8ár"$='(9 .*rn;e%e(+!en <ár $eni $e< +re%e((e !i%("n$á)!an11@

<a)á(9 Ha'á'a =(án a%"nna' 'á!ra a8(a a (a'á')a(á$", <i$%erin(*rn;e%e(e ); (e((e e' 'á! a':'9 E%e a >e'(e&+$e a <ai na8i)(ar(já <a)=a(, de <indeddi) <e)!Q%a(: +r(e$6'+$ err' ne<'á("(( na8&i'á)"(9 Ann;i !i%"n;"$, "); a ide)á!"r$ >:!ia );e'a(a'<a$"d"(( raj(a, "); *rn;e%e(e "<"';an (ar("(( a((:',"); e$e('e) &a'a'i(=$!a +n;$%e?rQ(i a S%"&je(=ni:(9A <a);ar"r$%á)i e';%e( ne+%$+)e <a)ára &"n(a a% j $%"&?

je( &e%e(+$ >i);e'<+(, a<e'; &a':!an a))a$%(: &"'(9 A% i(( <P*d%$id: e';(ar(:(anáU$ $%adi%<=$a &"'( a 'e)e);e('ene!!9 E');*?(*r( n+86n +8(e'en &"'( <e)+r(eni e n;aa(eer( %$id: '")iá(,i$%en a i('eri <=na(á!"r"!a &a': e'$%á''Q(á$=a( );aran $%e?<+';e$ $%a!ad$á)= "Uá%(a(á$á&a' i$ <inden <:d"n i);ee%(e aadá';"%ni9Aine a 'e)U$e+';e!! 'ee($+)e i$ &"'(, <indeni 8r:!á'(&a'a");an $e)Q(eni raj(=9 /")"$an +re%(+ );# ne< e%( +rde?

<e'(+ a %$id:$á)(:'9 Há'á('an$á)=a( (a8a$%(a'&a <"$( <ár $e<?<i ('%á$( ne< 'á((a Hi('er %$id:r:' a'"("(( &+'e<+n;+!en9 A<a);ar &id+ e<'+e%e(+!en ); á'( a %$id:, <in( a j:ind='a($%a(:U$, &a); <á$ i$ere$ed, ai $%Q&e$en adja "da i(e'!e i$a% árjá( a <e)$%"r='( e<!erene9 -"$( $ajá( !r+n +re%(e <in?den <a);ar a% *n%e('en6' <en(e(( %$id: $%Qne&á'("%á$á(9A <"$%&ai &e%e(+$ 8"n("$ (áj+"%(a(á$( a8"(( a<a);ar"r$%á)i á''a8"("r:', a ne<%e( $%en&ed+$+r' +$ an)='a(á?r:'9 Bár a $%"&je( &e%e(+$!en S%(á'in =(:d'á$a *r6' !i%"n;(a'an?$á) '+8 >e', a di(á("r (i(ára -a'en"& ne< +'&e%(e a $%"&je( 'e)?>e'$!! &e%e(+$ "$%(a('an !i%a'<á(9 A 'á(en$ a(a'i);e'<en Q&6'a);ni9139 jni=$ 12?+n -"$%&á!a rende'i a <a);ar 8ár(? +$"r<án; 'e)>"n("$a!! &e%e(i(9 A 6'd*(($+) (a)jai( i$ a $%"&je(



'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$ je'*'i i9 Rá"$i +n;(e'en <a)á&a' &inni Na);I<r+( i$, ai( á(<ene(i <e''%+$ =(án 11?!en i$<+( !e&"nna a 8ár( &e%e(+$+!e9 Na); I<r+( <+) a <"$%&ai e<i)ráUi: idej+nS%(á'in ine&e%(e a <a);ar"r$%á)i e';(ar(:(anáU$!a a% *rd*)

6);&+dj+ne9 Nei a% &"'( a >e'ada(a, "); a <inden"ri 8ár(&e?%e(+$ e<+n; &"na'á&a' $%e<!en <+r$+e'(e!! <e)"'dá$"a( ja?&a$"'j"n9 Á(<ene(i >+'reá''Q(á$a U$=8án a 'a"$$á) !i%a'<ána e'?11n;er+$+( $%"')á'(a9 E);+!+n( Na); I<re =);an"';an i(P "<?<=ni$(a &"'(, aár Rá"$i, Ger, 7ara$ &a); R+&a;9A $%"&je( &e%e( a <a);ar"r$%á)i e';%e(e( "';an $';"$na Q(+'(+ <e), "); e'er6'e(e('enn+ &á'( a Na); I<re?>+'e !i%("n?

$á)i $%e'e8 <e)n;i(á$a9 Hiá!a i);ee%e(( Rá"$i !i%"n;)a(ni,"); +'&e%i a <a);ar 'a"$$á) (*!!$+)+ne !i%a'<á(, a% "r"$%&e%e(e( ne< (=d(a <e)(+&e$%(eni9 .*(e'e%(+ Rá"$i(, ");adja á( a <ini$%(ere'n*i (eende( Na); I<r+ne9 Ha%a+re%+$6 =(án e% r*&ide$en <e) i$ (*r(+ni9 Na); I<re a &á'$á)e%e' 8r")ra< ere(+!en r*&id ("n en?)ed+';e%(e a (P%%e'?&a$$a' *$$%eer$%a"'( (er<e'$%*&e(e%e(e >e'"$%'a(á$á(9 A 8ara$%( i&ie((e >*'dj+( +$ a <+) <e)'+& in):?

$á)ai(, $ a"n("$a!!, a<ne$%(iá&a' >e'$%á<"'(a a (*r&+n;?(e'en6' '+(re"%"(( "nUen(ráUi:$ (á!"r"a(9 T*!! e%er de8"r(á'(<a);ar n;er(e &i$$%a $%a!ad$á)á(9 A <a);ar >ej'e<+n;e (*+'e?(e$en i)a%"'(á a $%"&je( (er&e% $%á<Q(á$ai(9 A 'a"$$á) <"$(<ár ne< a 8ár( e''en '+8e(( >e', ane< a $%e<+'&i $%a!ad='á$a +r?dee'(e +$ i);ee%e(( anna <in+' na);"!! a$%ná( %ni9Bi%"n;ára a e%dd <a);ar erjed+$ i$ "%%ájár='( a"%,"); a'i) e); +( <'&a jni=$ 15?+n .e'e(?Ber'in!en "<<=?ni$(a e''ene$ >e'e'+$ ind='( <e), a<e';e( a%"n!an a $%"&je( arU?"U$i r*&id id a'a(( e'>"j("((a9E);e're ne< !i%"n;Q(a(:, de na); a &a':$%QnP$+)e, ");<ind a ir(e'en e'rende'( <a);ar"r$%á)i NE?"r$%a, <ind a.e'e(?Ber'in!en 'e%aj'"(( &+r$%e)+n; <e)<"%d='á$ a $%"&je( &e?%e(+$!en d': a(a'<i !ir:%á$ e$%*%e+n( $%"&je( rende%+$($ej(e(9 I)a%, "); a <a);ar"r$%á)i á''a8"(" +($+)!eej(e &"'?



(a, de r"!!aná$ &e$%+';e a%+r( ne< &"'(9 A .e'e(?Ber'inie 8edi)&a':$%QnP +88en a <a);ar &á'("%á$" i&e(Q(+$+&e' &"'(a 8r"&"?á'a(:a9Ide $"r"'a(j= a% ered<+n;(e'en "reai á!"r 'e%árá$á( i$9

E); e)+$% $"r <á$"d? +$ ar<adrendP 6'8"'i(iai e$e<+n; i$$6r)e(i a a(ár"%"((a!! $%"&je( &e%e(+$ '+(re"%á$á(9 E% a<ar"$an !e i$ *&e(e%i9 139 $%e8(e<!er e'ej+n a $%"&je( 8ár( e'$ (i(á?rá&á Hr=$U$"&"( &á'a$%(já9A <+re(e('en $%(á'ini (err"r a )a%da$á) >ej'd+$e e';e((] an?na &i$$%ae$+$+( ered<+n;e%(e9 E% ne< U$a a S%"&je(=ni:ná' "?rá!!an >ej'e((e!! .e'e(?E=r:8ai &a%a''=$ á''a<"ra &"'( i)a%, a?120

ne< <a)ára a% "r"$% !ir"da'"<ra i$9 S%(á'in a<eriai $%*&e($+)e?$ei( e% =);an ne< na);"n +rdee'(e, e$e('e) <+) *r6'( i$ nei, de+$ede'<e( $%en&ede(( a );ar<a(" >e''á%Q(á$a +$ F>e'$%a!adQ(á$ai$, a<e'; 8edi) "rá!!i a<eriai?$%"&je( <e)á''a8"dá$ $%erin( aS%"&je(=ni: >e'ada(á( +8e%(e9 E n+'6' 8edi) a% E);e$6'( Á''a?<" ne< (=dja !e(aarQ(ani a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r );6<*'U$ei(9Eddi) =);ani$ na);"n je'en($ a *'U$*n!+r'e(i $%á''Q(á$" r+&+ne'e(e%e(( in('e&$+)e9 Enne 'e)na);"!! r+$%+( 8edi) +88en a

S%"&je(=ni: a8(a9 Anna <e)(+r6'$+re $%á<Q(ani a'i)a 'ee(9-inde%e e''en+re a% a<eriai "r<án;( &ára('an=' +r(eF"rre( $%*&e($+)e$+ne a'á'a9 -a)= i$ S%(á'in er$%a"$ e'?(á&"'Q(á$ára )"nd"'(a9 A% e);+!+n( i&á':an á'Uá%"(( !e'$ a?(a'&ár"$!a9 B"'enn;i'&án "r<án;a =(a$Q(á$ána <e)>e'e'en >e'Q&(a S%(á'in *r*?*$eine >i);e'<+( a );ar<a(" jrae'"$%(á$á&a' a8U$"'a("$ á? !"r a'a((i Q)+re(6re9); (Pni a% a<eriai "r<án;%a( ne< &"'( e'+)ede(( a a?(a'aU$iná':já( ne<(ar("((á e'' >aj$'; &e%e(ne, ai ered<+n;e$en a a'"(( di?(á("r *r*+!e '+8e(ne9 Hr=$U$"&na (eá( ne<U$a !e>e'+, anee'+ i$ !i%"n;Q(ania e''e((9 E !i%"n;Q(á$ je);+!en 149 á8ri'i?$á!an n+);a(a'erenUia 6' *$$%e Gen>!en a (á&"'e'e(i 8r"!'+<á Frende%+$+re9E'$ne a >ranUia );ar<a( Vie(ná<"( &e$%i U+'!a9 A "n>e?

renUia a 159 $%+'e$$+)i >" <en(+n Vie(na<"( +( r+$%re "$%(ja9A S%"&je(=ni: a("nai (á<")a(á$á( +'&e% É$%a?Vie(na<U$a8a(ai r*&ide$en e'>")'a'já Dien Bien =(9 E%%e' a >ranUiaer i$%"r='na Ind"Qná!:'9 7ranUia"r$%á) i((eni !e>"';á$a (e'? je$en <e)$%Pni9A=)=$%(=$ 10?+n Ind"n+%ia je'en(i !e a% "r$%á) i&á'á$á( aH"''andiá&a' 14?!en '+(re"%"(( =ni:!:'9 O(:!er!en An)'iá(e);e%<+n; <e)*(+$+re +n;$%erQ(i E);i8("<<a' a S%=e%i?

U$a("rna ne<%e(*%i $(á(=$ár:'9 E); :na8 <'&a <e)d*n(i Na)i! e'n* =ra'<á(9 A a(a'"< Na$$%er e%rede$ e%+!e er6'9Er$e!! >""%a(ra a8U$"' a% a')+riai >6))e('en$+)i <"%)a'"<121a<e'; a *&e(e% +&e!en na);"n $" >ej>ájá$( ""% a% A')+riá(<indenár"n <e)(ar(ani aar: >ranUia "r<án;"na Ji8r=$"n a !ri( !ir"da'"<!:' &a': i&á'á$ U+'já&a' >e'e'+$ (*r i9 Hr=$U$"&(eá( ered<+n;e$en indQ(ja !e a );ar<a(" erjed+$i >"';a<a(á(9

A );ar<a(" S%"&je(=ni: á'(a' !=j(")a("(( <"%)a'<ai *%e? 8e((e +re%6n e' a -a);ar"r$%á))a' a8U$"'a("$ e$e<+n;d$1 e'$ >+'+&+e%9 Á8ri'i$ 14?+n 6'+$e%i a -a);ar D"')"%: ár(ja .*%8"n(i Ve%e($+)e, a<e'; i$<+( i%ár(a Na); I<r+( a"'i(iai Bi%"(($á)!:' +$ a .*%8"n(i Ve%e($+)!', <ajd a 8ár(!:'i$9 A n+); na8 <'&a 6'+$e% 8ar'a<en( >e'<en(i a Na); I<re"r<án;(9 A% j "r<án;( He)edP$ Andrá$ a'aQ(ja <e)9-áj=$!an >e'(ee(en a<eriai?$%"&je( (i("$ <e)á''a8"dá$a'a8ján A<eria, An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) $%e<>+n;&e$%( <:d"ne'(*r'i a N+<e("r$%á) <e)$%á''á$ára &"na("%: $(a(=(=<"(9 A N+<e( S%*&e($+)i .*%(ár$a$á) 'á($%:'a) &i$$%an;eri $%=&ereni(á?$á( +$ >e'&e$%i a NATO?!a9 A <e)$%á'': U$a8a(" a%"n!an i?ia $ajá( <e)$%á''á$i %:nájá!an a e';6*n <aradna9 -"$( <ár 'á($%:'a) ne< <in( <e)$%á'': U$a8a(", ane< a NATO?aderr+$%e9



A <ár "rá!!an '+(re"%"(( N;=)a(?er=r:8ai =ni: +$ a% NSZ. NATO (a)$á)á( 'á($%:'a) e''en$';"%and: a S%"&je(=ni:<áj=$ 14?re Var$:!a rende'i &a%a''=$ai( F<e)*(i &e'6 a Var$:iS%er%d+$(9 -+) =);ane%en a na8"n d+'=(án a á!"r );%(e$

a(a'<ai B+U$!en <e)*(i a% O$%(rá á''a<$%er%d+$( A=$%(riá(rá+n;$%erQ(i a% F*n+n(e$ $e<'e)e$$+)re9A% "r"$% di8'"<áUia a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(i, <in(a $';"$ +r?de$+re'e< +r(e &"'na a NSZ. NATO >e'&+(e'+&e'9 S+r(d+$+( a%?%a' i$ i>eje%(e, "); <áj=$ 5?+n >e'!"n(ja a% An)'iá&a' +$ 7ran?Uia"r$%á))a' >enná'': $%er%d+$+(9 Érdee$ <:d"n A<eriá( ne<r+$%e$Q(i a!!an a% e'<ara$%(a'á$!an9 edi) N+<e("r$%á) jra>e'?>e);&er%+$e ne< An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) aara(án <'"((, i$%en

i$ e''ene%(+, de 8"%QUi:j=a( ne< (=d(á +r&+n;e$Q(eni a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" aara(á&a' $%e<!en9A% O$%(rá Á''a<$%er%d+$ <e)*(+$e a S%"&je(=ni:ra a%%a'a *(e'e%e(($+))e' jár(, "); a -a);ar"r$%á))a' *(*(( 8ári%$i !+?e$%er%d+$ rende'e%+$ei $%erin( 0 na8"n !e'6' U$a8a(ai e' e''a);já -a);ar"r$%á) (er6'e(+(9 Addi) i$ U$a a% a=$%(riai <e)?$%á'': U$a8a(ai =(án8:('á$ána !i%("$Q(á$ára (ar(:%"da((a i((9122

E%( a%"n!an a% "r"$%" ne< &e((+ ('$á)"$an "<"';an, i$%en*%(=d"(( U$a8a(ai ne< U$a a Zá"n;?He);e$a'"< $%á''Q(á$i (?&"na' <en(+n á''"<á$"%(a, ane< a% e)+$% "r$%á) (er6'e(+n a N+);a(a'ranUia (a)? jána (e'je$ (=d"<á$á&a'9Hr=$U$"& +$ B=')an;in <áj=$ &+)+n /=)"$%'á&iá!a =(a%i,"); e';reá''Q($a a "<<=ni$(a <"%)a'"<!an ije'*'( F*rd*)6);&+dj+&e' 'á($%:'a) <e)r"<'"(( a8U$"'a("a(9 Ti(:ra $", +$<inden>aj(a 8+'dá':d%á$ rái''i9 S"an a "<<=ni$(a <"%)a'"</dá$na i$ ne&e%i9 edi) U$a a%( a $%ere8e( já($%"((a e', a<e?';e( a +( "'da' XA<eria +$ a S%"&je(=ni:Y i"$%("(( $%á<ára9 &"'( a <e$(er$+)e$ ide)á!"r e);i na);"n >"n("$ >"?)a$eree, a<e'; a S%"&je(=ni:&a' $%e<!eni 'á($%:'a)"$ e''en(+?(+&e' na);!an ie(&+ (e((e a +( na);a(a'"< ide)á!"r$$%e<!ená''á$á( a% a<eriai adii8ar na); *r*<+re, <+) iná!!



na); a$%nára9 Ti(: a'a8"$an <e) i$ >i%e((e((e !á<='a(ra <+'(:a'aQ(á$á(9A S%"&je(=ni: 6'8"'i(iai e';%e(e Hr=$U$"& r+&+n er$*dni'á($%"((9 E%%e' $%e<!en !e'8"'i(iai &"na("%á$!an e);re na);"!!

e''ená''á$!a 6(*%i 'ár<á$ (e&+en;$+)e9 Hr=$U$"&"( ne< U$a a&i'á)á!"r$ na); $%*&e($+)e$ e%e'(e i$$+ !i%a'<a('an=', ane<a di(á("r !i%a'<a$ai i$9 A +( :d%"dá$ *%*(( &a':$%QnP, ");"<"'; *$$%e>6))+$ &an9Hr=$U$"& *$$%eQ&ja a% S%.9 9 ."n)re$$%=$á( a% jirán;&"na' $%en(e$Q(+$+re9A% "$%(á';arU +$ a >"rrada'"< e8"r(jána ("<8Q(á$a +r?de+!en a "n)re$$%=$ á''á$( >")'a' a á!"r e'er6'e($+)e

<e''e((9 -e)á''a8Q(ja a >"rrada'"< !++$ (jána 'ee($+)+(9H"$$% >ej(e)e(+$e!en !i%"n;)a(ja a +( &i'á)rend$%er e);<á$<e''e(( +'+$+ne 'ee($+)+(9 V+)6' +'e$en e'Q(+'i a% e%ee'$%e<!ená'': $%(á'ini $%e<+';i ='(=$% n;"<án e'e(e%e(( (*r?&+n;(e'en$+)ee(, a<e';e e''eni 6%de'e< a 8ár( e);i 'e)>"n("?$a!! j*&!eni >e'ada(a9A 9 ."n)re$$%=$( ('$á)"$an 'e*(i Hr=$U$"& (i("$ !e?$%+de, a<e';!en a $%(á'ini *n+n; +$ (*r&+n;(e'en$+)e '+)i:jár:'

rán(ja 'e a 'e8'e(9 ); ne< <arad id, $ &a':$%QnP Hr=$U$"&na ereje $e< arra, "); S%(á'in 'e)e'$%án(a!! Q&ei(9 8"'i(iájána er+*(i( -a'en"&"(, -"'"("&"(, .a)an"&iU$"( +$ Se8i'"&"(123e'(á&"'Q($a a 8ár( 'e)>e'$!! &e%e( $%er&ei!'9 Erre <ajd U$a <á$>+' +& <'&a +rne <e) a >e'(+(e'e, de addi) <+) $" <in?den, a <a);ar$á) $%e<8"n(já!:' (*r(+ne'"n("$$á) e$e<+?n;e (*r(+nne9 -+)8edi) ne< i$ a $%"&je( !e'$ a(a'6))e('en6'9A S%"&je(=ni: $%enn;e$+ne i(ere)e(+$e ne< <arad a(á$?(a'an &a%a''=$ai *r+!en9 A 'en);e'e n+án; :na8 <'&a "%?nan!:' je'en(ene F%a&ar)á$"a(9 E%( a%"n!an <e)e'%i a <a?);ar"r$%á)i DISZ XD"')"% I>j$á)i S%*&e($+)Y ere(+!en '+(re"?%"(( e(>i?*r9 Lá($%:'a) $8"n(án $%er&e%d*(( >:r=< a )a%da$á?)i, 8"'i(iai +$ ='(=rá'i$ +'e( 8r"!'+<áina <e)&i(a(á$ára9 A &a?



':$á)!an a e(>i?*r a 8ár( (i("$ $%er&e%+$+!en a'a=' <e)<+)8edi) .i$$ .ár"'; a 8ár( *%8"n(i !i%"(($á)ána (a)ja (i("$irán;Q(á$á&a'9 +$ (ár$ai a na); re>"r<er Qr+!en á'': TánU%"$Gá!"r +$ e'&!ará(ai je'*'i i a <e)&i(a(and: (+<á *r+(, $(

$%á<"$ e''en%+i an)"n "%%á$%:': $%e<+';+( i$9 A <a);ar +r?(e'<i$+)ie 8r"&"á'á$a U+'já!:' +'e(re Q&"(( e(>i?*r U+'irá?n;"$ &e%e(+$e a%"n!an );"r$an iU$$%"(( <e)a'"(:i e%+!'9A ne<%e(i ind='a(" a &ár(ná' +'e$e!! >"r<á( *'(*((e9 O';ann;i?ra, "); a "r<án; e); :na8 <'&a e'+)ede((en (i'(ja !e a ("?&á!!i 6'+$ee(9 V"'(a+88en ninU$ i$ <ár ráj= $%6$+), i$%en aQ&án( &i(a(+<á e'j=("((a a *%(=da(!a9 E%e *%6' ne< iá?n;"%(a a $%"&je( U$a8a(" (á&"%á$ána $6r)e(+$e a !+e$%er%d+$

e'Qrá$aina <e)>e'e'en9 Lá(en$ <:d"n e% 'e(( ne< &+'e('en6' a% e);re $%+'e$e!! *r!en (erjed !e$%+')e(+$e, &i(á 'e)>"n("?$a!! (+<ája9A% "r"$%"na 8edi) e$%6 á)á!an $e< &"'( i&"nni U$a8a?(aia( -a);ar"r$%á)r:', $( <e)$%á''á$= <+r(++( (+r!en +$ id? !en i(erje$%(eni (er&e%(+9 A=$%(riá!:' a% Á''a<$%er%d+$ <e)?*(+$+&e' i&"nand: a("nai e);$+)ee( -a);ar"r$%á)"n Q&án?(á á''"<á$"%(a(ni9 Ee% a%"n!an j >e'(+(e'e, j ind"" e'?

'e((e9 E%( $%"')á'ja <ajd a i8r"&"á'( ne<%e(i +r%+$ $%in(e$+)e,a<e'; $%"&je( +$ "''a!"rán$ai "'&a$a(á!an e);en' a >a$i%<=$jjá+'ed+$+&e', a<e';ne e'>"j(á$a ne< $+r(i a 8ári%$i !+e$%er%?d+$( $e< +$ e'e&e <a)á!an "rd"%%a a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "%?%ájár='á$á(, &a); aár e);ene$ =(a$Q(á$á( i$9124F-e)á''a8"d(=n, "); a e'', er$%aa' i$ <e):&j= a !+?+( <"nd"((a R""$e&e'( a (eeráni "n>erenUián9 4 J$a "); e%?a'a(( R""$e&e'( ne< a !++(, ane< );ar<a(i =ra'<=a( +r(e((e9Ai e% e''en !ár<i( i$ (e$%, a% a !++( &e$%+';e%(e(i9 Er$%a"$,aár >e);&ere$ <e)rend$%a!á';"%á$a a% e);<á$$a' (*r(+n( <e)?á''a8"dá$= a'a8ján (eá( j")"$9 H"); <i( $%:'na "%%á a F<e)?rend$%a!á';"%"((aW A% !i%"n; e( ne< +rdee'(e9 R""$e&e'($ie(&e "%%á i$ (e((e# F7 U+'=n anna <e)á''a8Q(á$a &"'(, "); aá!"r =(áni &i'á)!an <e';e +8e%i <ajd a% e);e$ "r$%á)"



$%á<ára a !i%("n$á)i *&e%e(ee(9 Se<e'(eá(, "); Fa !+e er$%a"$ <e):&á$á( R""$e&e'( e !i%("n$á)i*&e%e(e!e $"r"'( "r$%á)" ra!'ánU= 'erá%á$i Q$+r'e(eire +r(e((e9Hr=$U$"&na a );ar<a(" jra>e'"$%(á$á&a' &a': (e&+en;$+?

)+&e' 8ár=%a<"$an i<<ár a $ajá( j );ar<a(aina ,9!++$ >e'?(+(e'ei( i$ !i%("$Q(ani e''e((9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( (*r&+n;$%erP,"); a á!"r $e!eine !e);:);='á$á&a' a% +'e(&i(e' &a'a<i';enrendj+ne, e);en$';ána i e'' a'a='nia9 Hi$%en a j:&á(+(e'<e)>i%e(+$+&e' <inden á!"r!an &e$%(e$ "r$%á) e'+)(+(e'( $%"'?)á'(a("(( 'e);%j+ne9 S"a a (*r(+ne'e<!en a );%ne e);+!i)+n;e ne< (á<ad( a 'e);%*(( "r$%á))a' $%e<!en9A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r a%"n!an renda);:9 A );%(e$ na);?

a(a'<a e%ee( a >"nd"r'a((a' á!"r!a +n;$%erQ(e(( "r$%á)"a( !i%("n$á)i *&e%e(ne ne&e%&e (ar(:$ i%$á<án;"'á$ra a );%(e?$e >e'6);e'e(e a'á rende'(+9 -inde%en >e'6' a j:&á(+(e' >i%e(+$+(<e)nee%Q(end "';an )a%da$á)i <"de''( +n;$%erQ(e((e ráj=,a<e'; >ej'd+$6e( ne<U$a >+e%(e, de a <e)'+& $%Qn&"na'á( i$&i$$%a&e(e((e9 H"'"(( a j:%an '")ia +88en a%( di(á'ja# 'ee(&+e'' (enni a $%á<=nra 'e)ed&e%!! )a%dá'"dá$i rend$%er i?+8Q(+$+(, <er( e%á'(a' j*&ede'<+!' na);"!! <enn;i$+) &"na(:

e'9 -i&e' enne 8"n( a% e''ene%j+( (e((+, a!!:' arra 'ee( *?&e(e%(e(ni, "); ne<U$a a %$á<án;=' a8"(( ne<%e(ene &"'(a e''en$+)ei, ane< $ajá( <a)=na i$9 i';en na);(" !=(a?$á)"( >e'(+(e'e%ni r:'= a%"n!an ne< $%a!ad9 S"a' iná!! a%(e'' )"nd"'ni, "); e!!en a &"na("%á$!an a% "r"$%" <a)= i$6'$ a(a'"< irán;Q(á$a a'a(( á''(a9 -ár U$a a%( e'' <e)á''a8Q?(ani, "); i i$ e% a (i("%a("$ a(a'"<W4 E''i"(( R""$e&e'(# A8á< Q); 'á((a 149 "'d912Ee% e);+r(e'"?)=n j=(ni, de a% e$e<+n;e a'a='á$á!:', >e'i$<ere( <"%)a(:?r):i!:', ne< 6'*n!en a &á'("%á$" a$%"n+'&e%ine i'+(+!'e% (e'je$ <+r(+!en <e)a(ár"%a(: +$ ne&e$Q(e(9S%(á'in &e%e(+$+&e' Or"$%"r$%á) e); e'<arad"(( >e=dá'i$ á'?'a<!:' a &i'á) e);i 'e)na);"!! a("nai a(a'<a 'e((9 Vaj"n e%



S%(á'in i&+(e'e$ +8e$$+)+ne *$%*ne(W S%: $inU$ r:'a9 A% =ra'"dá$a a'a(( +r(e <e) a >e'(+(e'e a &i'á) á(rende%+$+re9 E!? !en Or"$%"r$%á) ad"(($á)ai e%%e' 8ár=%a<"$a &"'(a9 Ha e!!ena% id!en S%(á'in e';e(( &a'ai <á$ =ra'"di a% "r"$% !ir"da'"<

>e'e((, e%e a% e$e<+n;e, $ !enne Or"$%"r$%á) $%ere8e =);anQ);a'a='9 -in( a"); a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r ir"!!aná$a +$ !enne N+<e("r$%á) 6%de'<e, <ajd a(a$%(r:>ája $e< *(e( Hi('er $%e<+';+e%9 Bári á''( &"'na N+<e("r$%á) +'+n, ne< &"na((a&"'na i "r$%á)á( e); na); á!"r &iará!:'9 Lee( <"de''e%ni,"); <i 'e(( &"'na, a 9999 Ha ne< N+<e("r$%á) indQ( 8re&en(Q&(á<adá$( a S%"&je(=ni: e''en, a"r a<in( <a <ár (=dj= +(+( <'&a a S%"&je(=ni: a)re$$%i:ja r+&+n (*r i a n+<e(?$%"&je(

á!"r9 A &+)ered<+n; =);ana%, 'e)>e'je!! a r:'a ia'aQ("(((*r(+ne( <e$+je 'e(( &"'na <á$9A% 'ee(, "); Lenin !e(e)$+)e +$ a'á'a =(áni na);"n i$+8'+en; Or"$%"r$%á)i á''a8"(" idej+n S%(á'in $ajá( ra&a$%$á)á?&a' 8ár"$=': e);e('en$+)e r+&+n &ereed(e <a)á( Or"$%"r$%á)+'+re9 Bi%("$ a%"n!an, "); a(a'<a ne< er$*de(e(( <e) 6'$'á(a(a('an er $e)Q($+)e n+'6'9 Hi$%en (=dj= a% á(<ene(i NE"r$%a idej+n <+) Lenin e''en i$ <er+n;'e(e( aj("(( &+)re e);

.a8'an D:ra ne&P %$id: n9 Va':$%QnP, "); %$id:$á)a e%((a'ne< &a''á$i "&a(ar("%á$á( je'en(i9 Or"$%"r$%á) i &"'( $%e<e'&e a !"'$e&i$(a á''a<a8i(a'i$(a, )a%da$á)irán;Q(á$ <"de''e%+$+re9 A%a<eriai %$id: !an" je'en($ 8+n%( >e(e((e Lenin >"rrada'<á?na );%e'e<re $e)Q(+$+re9 E% a 8+n% ne< !=a("(( e' e);, &a);n+án; "r"$% >"rrada'<ár e(i=$ aara(án9 Ha $%6$+)e <er6'(&"'na >e', *nn;en +$ "'U$:n <e)(a'á'já 'i&idá'á$ána <:djá(9S%(á'in( a% i$<ere('en <e)!Q%: e'a(ár"%á$á!an +$ (e&+en;$+?)+!en "';an $%i'a$%i'árd 8"n(na (ar("((á, aine <+) a%( i$<e)en)ed(+, "); a Ne_ "r e'e(i r+$%+!' $%ár<a%:Tr"Uij(, XBr"n$(einY, ai 8edi) <a)a <*)*(( (=d(a a% Ea$( Side&a''á$i &e%e( +$ !anár" er*'U$i +$ an;a)i (á<")a(á$á(, 'i&i?12dá'ja9 Anna e''en+re] "); Lenin =(:dá=' e% a Ne_?"r?i 'á(?a(a('an &e%+rar a% e''+8+$+( (er&e%(e9 ); (Pni S%(á'in <e)?



);%(e e(, "); a );%(e$ !"'$e&i$(a >"rrada'<a( e'!! "n$%"?'idá'ni e'', $ anna ered<+n;e 'á((án $"a' *nn;e!! 'e$% e? 8"r(á'ni <á$ "r$%á)"!a i$9 Ve'e e''en(+(!en Tr"Uij ia$%ná'&aa% e'$ &i'á)á!"r %Pr%a&ará(, e)+$% E=r:8a, <ajd a &i'á) !"'$e?

&i%á'á$á( (er&e%(e9125A SZOV/ET BIRODALO- VEZETÉSÉNE. .ÉNSZERK VÁLTOZÁSAS%(á'in +'e(e =("'$: +&ei!en a n+ai Re((e)e(( I&án"% a?$"n':an <inden *rn;e%e(+!en '+& (ár$á!an "';an e''en$+)e( &+'('á(ni, ai &a); ai +'e(+re (*rne, "); a% á'(a'a <inden eddi)i?n+' na);"!! <+re(Pre n*&e'( !ir"da'"< &e%e(+$+( <e)$%ere%%+9

E% "da &e%e(e((, "); $%adi$(a e);e('en$+)+ne <indeni i &"'((+&e9 -a)a Hr=$U$"& <"nd"((a, a S%(á'in a'ai( !ár<i';en U+'!:'<a)á"% rende'(, a% $"a$e< (=d(a ia'')a(á$ra, e'i)a%Q(á$ra,&a); i&+)%+$+re <e);?e9 I';en *r6'<+n;e *%*(( a a(a'<a$ !ir"da'"< &e%e(+$e ne<U$a a% ide)!e(e) S%(á'in e%+!' U$?$%"(( i, ane< a% e);e$ $%a(er6'e(e +$ (a)*%(ár$a$á)" &e%e?(i i$ a% i)a%)a(á$= a'á rende'( i&a(a'= &e%e(+$e e';e(( $ajá(ide"':)iai &+de'<6e' &"'(a e'>")'a'&a9 T'+'+$i $(ra(+)iáj=

*(*((e 'e <inden ener)iáj=a(9 É88en e%+r( ie(ne (Pni, ");*rn;e%e(e *n&+de'<i *$%(*n+ne en)ed&e $%a!adQ("((a <e) ('ea !ir"da'<a(9 Enne <:dja +$ r+$%'e(ei a <ai na8i) ne< i$<er(e9Va':$%QnP$Q(e(, "); a S%(á'in á'(a' !*r(*n!e &e((e(e(( "r&"$U$"8"r(na &a'a<i *%e 'ee( "%%á9 A'á(á<a$%(ani 'á($%i e%( a%a (+n;, "); S%(á'in a'á'a =(án =(:dai e);i e'$ in(+%ed+$ee%ene a% "r&"$"na a $%a!ad'á!ra e';e%+$e &"'(9 Ne< aa?r=n e (*r(+ne( <*)*(( <indenár"n $%a!ad<P&e$ *$$%e>6))+?$ee( ere$ni, <+)i$ <e) e'' <"ndan=n, "); a >en( e<'Q(e(("r&"$" a "ra!e'i $aj(: Qradá$ai $%erin( %$id: &"'(a9A<eria i$ );ana"d"((, &a); 'e)a'á!!i$ ); (e((, <in(a);ana"dna a di(á("r (er<+$%e(e$ a'á'á( i''e(en9 Hr=$U$"& %$e?niá'i$ <:d"n árQ("((a e' a% a<eriai a))"da'<aa(9 -a)á( S%(á?'in 'án;á( 6'd(e i A<eriá!a, "); e<'+ira(ai!a >")'a'&a);%%e <e) a n;=)a(i *%&+'e<+n;( a8ja (er<+$%e(e$ a'á'ár:'9



Á'(a'=n i$<ere('en !ará(nj+ne Qr( $% 'e&+' >"r<ájá!an ad(a i&i$$%ae<'+e%+$+(9 S"a(<"nd:, "); a8ja a'á'á( a% e'$ 'e&+'? !en Qrja 'e, "'"(( a 'e&e'e <ind a8ja +'e(+!en <e)(*r(+n( e8i%:?d"r:' $%á<"'na !e9 .*&e(e%+$+88 e 'e&+'ne +88en a *(e(

&+)+n e''e(( &"'na e';e( a8nia9 E% a% ár(a('an >e'$"r"'á$ *n<a?)á!an i$ $ej(e(ni en)edi <e)Qrá$= U+'já(9 S%(á'in 'án;ána $%12@'e&e'e (=d"<á$"< $%erin( -a);ar"r$%á)"n a <ai na8i) ne< je?'en( <e), U$=8án a <a);ar e<i)ráUi: ad(a i n;=)a("n9 Aár");i$ &"'( a% a<eriai "r<án;%a( ed+';ei &+)6' i$ <e)n;=)"d(a9Hr=$U$"& =);an e'e)e( (e(( a );ar<a(" jra>e'"$%(á$a +rde?+!en a% a<eriai &ára"%á$"na, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<á?

n;aina i)a%i r""n$%en&+( <+)$e< (=d(a e'n;erni9 Lee(, ");e!!en $%ere8e( já($%"(( a% a (+n; i$, "); a% j di(á("r ne< (=d(a<e)$%ere%ni $ajá( *rn;e%e(e "$%(a('an (á<")a(á$á(9A% á'(a'a <e)irde(e(( F!++$ "e)%i$%(enUia !ár enne 6'8"'i(iai ered<+n;ei +%en>e&e &"'(a >+'e'e<<e' (*'?(*((+ e' S%(á'in !i%a'<a$ai(9T=d"(( d"'"), "); S%(á'in e';+re e'$$"r!an .a)an"&iU$ 8á';á%"((9 Vanna, ai !i%("$ >"rrá$"ra i&a("%&a á''Q(já,

"); Hr=$U$"& <e)&á'a$%(á$a"r .a)an"&iU$ U$a':dá$á!an $Qr&a>aad(9 Hr=$U$"& e';%e(e e!!en a (ein(e(!en e <=iá':d"((e''en>e'eine >+'reá''Q(á$á&a' $e< &á'("%"((9 Érdee$ <:d"n a%E);e$6'( Á''a<"!an $e<9 Enne <e)+r(+$+e% a r"n"':)iá( a%1?"$ <a);ar $%a!ad$á)arU e$e<+n;ei(' >6))e('enQ(&e <e)?$%aQ(j=, a<e';e( a *&e(e%!en e'e<e%6n a r=$U$"&i )"<? !"';a) (e'je$ >e')*n);*'+$e +rde+!en9A <a);ar $%a!ad$á)arU 'e&er+$+!en i$, a $%=e%i?6);!en i$ a'e)na);"!! e);e(+r(+$ a'a='( i a +( na);a(a'"< *%*((, i)a%ánar<"ni=$ &i$%"n;r:' <+)$e< !e$%+'e(6n9 Enne "á( a n+?<e( +rd+$ r=$U$"&i rende%+$i (er&+!en e'' ere$n6n9 Hr=$?U$"& e'*&e((e a%( a i!á(, "); a S%"&je(=ni: +rdeei( a% E);e?$6'( Á''a<" +rdeei e'+ e';e%(e9 E% "';an &+)%e(e$ i!ána !i?%"n;='(, a<e'; &+)6' i$ i&a(a'a e'&e$%(+$+e% &e%e(e((9 A rend?$%er&á'(: G"r!aU$"&i) ne< &"'( rá 8+'da, "); a 8ár( >, &a); e'?



$ (i(ára <+) +'e(+!en <e)&á'( &"'na e (i$%($+)('9Hr=$U$"&, ai "ra!e'i <=na*r+!en <e)i$<er(e a% 133e'((i id$%a n+<e(?"r"$% )a%da$á)i e);6((<P*d+$+!' >aad:e'n;*e(, ráj*((, "); a );%(e$ <á$"di &i'á)á!"r (er6'e(?

$%er%+$e, &a%a''=$ai i%$á<án;"'á$a +$ a na); &i'á)+)+$ e);+!"%ad+a, U$a); <i+n( a ide)á!"r$ $%+de')+$ ne< n;j(jaa%"a( a% e'n;*e( a S%"&je(=ni: $%á<ára, a<e';e( a =$%"n?+(<i''i:$ á'd"%a(á+r( $%erin(e <e)+rde<e'ne9 j =(aa( e'' (eá(ere$ni, a<e'; (='ajd"n+88en +%n+' i$ &an, U$a +88en rea'i%á'?ni e''ene912A% e);"r na);"n i$ );6<*'U$*% n+<e(?$%"&je( ere$e?

de'e'jQ(ani9 A<i e);$%er <ár j:' <P*d*(( )"nd"'(a Hr=$U$"& <i+r( ne 'ee(ne a'a'<a%ni<+) e);$%erW A e';%e( a%"n!an ne< i';en e);$%erP9 A% e=r:8ai$(a(=$ [=" !ár<ineeje%+$+&e' ne< *(*((e !+e$%er%d+$(9 Enne "á(<indeni a!!an a n+<e( á''á$>")'a'á$!an 'á(ja, <i$%erin( a r"<" a':' e'%"(( n+<e( &e%e( *%6' $eni $e< +re%(e <a)á( 'e)i?

(i<ne9 -"nd&án e); N+<e("r$%á))a' &i$e'(e á!"r(, e));e' i$e'' !++( *(ni9 E%, a% +r&e'+$ =);an a 'ee( 'e)'")i=$a!!anan)%i, <+)$e< <"nda(: e'e)endne9 Bár a n+<e( ne<%e(*n(=da(a, >e);e'<e ne<%e((=da(a, ara(ere$ )"nd"'"dá$a, '")i?ája &i'á)&i$%"n;'a(!an i$ a 'e)i&á':!!a *%+ $"r"'a(:, ne+%>e'(+(e'e%ni, "); e 8+'dá('an 'ei)á%á$ *%e8e((e U+'irán;"$ Q)+re?(e >ej+!en ne 'e(( &"'na +n;$%erQ(e( e);, a UQ<+!en !+e$%er?%d+$ne ne&e%e(( di(á(=< a'áQrá$ára, <in( a"); e% <e)(*r(+n(a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r 'e%árá$a+n( i$9Erre a <a)a< r+$%+r' U$a e);e('en <a);ará%a("( (=d" e'?+8%e'ni9V+'e<+n;e< $%erin( Hja'<ar SUaU(, a<i"r a% a<eriai$%a!ad<P&e$e 8+n%+n &á''a'(a a (=d"((an &e$%(e$ &i'á)á!"r<e)&Q&á$á(, ia'=da((a N+<e("r$%á) j:&á(+(e' a':'i <en(e$$+?)+(, $ &a':$%QnP N+<e("r$%á) á!"r =(áni );"r$ re)enerá'á$á!an





(e((e, Hr=$U$"& <e)e%d(e a% a<eriai e'n* );%*d+$+( a% j?rae);e$Q(+$ +rde+!en9 7"';a<a("$ er'*d+$e a%"n!an a 'e)i?$e!! ered<+nn;e' $e< jár(9 A n+<e( $e<'e)e$$+) 6);+!en <+)Adena=er anUe''ár i$ a$in)("n!a =(a%"((, a"' e);+r(e'<Pen

+r(+$+re ad(á, e% N+<e("r$%á)ra ne< a'a'<a%a(:9Hr=$U$"& <inde%e e''en+re ne< ad(a >e'9 Vá'")a("(( <:d"ni);ee%e(( a% a<eriai "r<án; >i);e'<+( a n+<e( +rd+$ <e)"'?dá$a >e'+ (ere'ni9 Ei$en"_er e'n* <+) (ár);a'ni $e< &"'( aj?'and: err' Hr=$U$"&&a'9 A% a<eriai a8U$"'a(" (ar(á$á(B=')an;in <ini$%(ere'n* &e$%i á(9 Hr=$U$"& ); )"nd"'(a, +(&i'á)á!"r$ (á!"rn" (a'án j"!!an <e)+r(i e);<á$(9 A +( na);?a(a'"< *%*(( "$$% 'e&e'e%+$ e%ddi9 A U+' +rde+!en a

S%"&je(=ni: <e)*en( en)ed<+n;ee( (e$% A<eria $%á<ára9.+$!!, a% ?2 +<re86' !"(rán; idej+n er6' n;i'&án"$$á)ra,<+) a!!an i$ <e)á''a8"d(a, "); "r$%á)ai >e'e(( *'U$*n*$ '+)i>e'derQ(+$ee( &+)e%e(ne9 .6'*n!*% na);(ein(+';P 8"'i(i=$"?a( +rne >e', "); ed&e% $%Qn!en (6n(e$$+ >e' a n+<e( e);e?131$Q(+$ )"nd"'a(á(9 -+) a Ga''=8?in(+%e( i$ ed&e%en 8r")n"$%(i?%á'ja a 8"'i(iai &á'("%á$(9 Hr=$U$"& );aran >")ad a<eriai *%?

+'e(i $%e<+';i$+)ee(9 A !e$%+')e(+$e &+)$ iU$en)+$e, >6))e(?'en6' a((:', "); $%idja, á("%%a a reaUi:$ a<eriai *r* )án?U$"$"dá$ai(, &a); +88en e'i$<eren n;i'a("%i r:'=, <indi) an+<e( e);$+) <e)&a':$Q(á$ána $6r)e(+$e9 De <inden iá!aMA e';%e( e);+r(e'<P (i$%(á%á$a +rde+!en &+)6' i$ 19 a=?)=$%(=$ *%e8+n <e)Q&já Hr=$U$"&"( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!a9-ind a% =(a%á$(, <ind a (e'je$ a<eriai 8r")ra<"( a(a'<a$$%"&je( Qr&er+$ Q$+ri9 Hr=$U$"& $%in(e <indeni&e' (ár);a', ai a'e)i$e!! <+r(+!en i$ $%á<Q(9 S%ená(=$i &e%e(e', a 6'6);i !i%"(($á) (a)jai&a', na); !e$%+de( <"nd a% ENSZ?!en, a"' (e'je$'e$%ere'+$(, <inden>aj(a >e);&er (e'je$*rP <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+( ja&a?$"'ja9 Be=(a%%a A<eria U$ane< <inden á''a<á(, <+)i$ 6re$+%%e' +n;(e'en a%a(+rni9-inde%e e''en+re a n+<e( +rd+$ a $%"&je( "r<án; na8i?rendj+( <arad9



Hr=$U$"& (a(iá( &á'("%(a(9 .=darUai =(án e);re d=r&á!! i?r"aná$"a( in(+% Adena=er anUe''ár $%e<+';e e''en, <"nd&án a n+<e( +rd+$ rende%+$+ne 'e)ádá%a!! e''en$+)e9109 <áj=$ e'ej+re Hr=$U$"& +r(ee%'e(e( Q&"(( *$$%e

=);anU$a a n+<e( +rd+$ rende%+$e +rde+!en ári%$!a9 A%a<eriai &e%e(+$ e%((a' $ierre' an)"'(a a $%"&je( ader &e%e?(i( Hr=$U$"& e''en9 A <ár i&a("%"(( <e)á''a8"dá$ a'a8ján aS%"&je(=ni: >e'e(( járr*% ?2?e$ a<eriai >e'derQ( re86')+8e(*%&e('en6' a n+);a(a'"j(&a >i?

);e'(+ a (e'e&Q%i:, rádi: +$ a $aj(: Qrei(9 -indeni a +( na);?a(a'"< e);<á$ e''eni á!"rjá(:' (ar("((9 A <e)$+r(e(( S%"&je(?=ni: a%"n!an a<ar ('(e((e raj(a <a)"(9 Bi%"n; <á$ 'e(( &"'na ae';%e(, a <"ndj= a n+<e(, &a); a ja8án "r<án; (e(( &"'nai';en '+8+$(9 E >+'e'<e a'a8(a'an" <arad(a9ár :na8 e'(e'(+&e' Hr=$U$"& a% ENSZ 19 6'+$$%aára $%e?<+';e$en =(a%i Ne_ "r!a9 A +("'da' di8'"<áUiai )+8e%e(Q$+r'e(e( (e(( e!!' a% a'a'"<!:' e); Ei$en"_er\Hr=$U$"&

(a'á'"%: '+(re"%á$ára9 Ei$en"_er a%"n!an $+r(d*((en =(a$Q?132("((a e' a (a'á'"%á$(9 A% "r"$%" A<eria +r(+$+re ad(á# Ne<ara)$%ana a% ?2?e$ +<re86'+$ <ia((9 Ne< ra)a$%"dna a%6); ENSZ?!en &a': <e)(ár);a'á$á"%9 );ana"r e'&árjá a<a);ar +$ a (i!e(i +rd+$ 'e&+(e'+( i$ a na8rendr'9 A% aján'a( "?<"';$á)á( je'%i, "); a% 1?"$ <a);ar $%a!ad$á)arU 6);e r*?&ide$en 'eer6'( a% ENSZ na8irendj+r'9A ne<%e(*%i 8"'i(ia e);+! (er6'e(ein a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ a S%"&je(=ni: *%*((i e);6((<P*d+$ (*re('en9 A ide)á!"r$$%Qnjá(+ &á'("%a('an=' >"';i, A );ar<a(" >e'$%a!adQ(á$a +$ a%a<eriai )a%da$á) !e>"';á$a a'á &"ná$a >"';a<a("$9.=!a "<<=ni%á'á$a, a $%"&je( ra+(á "da(e'e8Q(+$e, <ajd'á(&án;"$ 8er8a(&ar *%e8e((e &a': &i$$%a&"ná$a <ind?<ind (er&?$%erPen a'ad9 J$a);, <in( a &i'á)Pr !++$ >e'a$%ná'á$ára &a':



<e)á''a8"dá$, a% a("<U$end e);e%<+n; <e)*(+$e9 A =!ai"%a$"n': F<e'e) e';%e(e e'er6'+$e +rde+!en <e)á''a8"dna a% );ne&e%e(( F>"rr: dr:( i+8Q(+$+re a$in)("n +$ -"$%&a*%*((9 A<eria e'i$<eri a S%"&je(=ni:( e);en' erejP )'"!á'i$

a(a'"<na, a<i( <ajd .i$$in)er +$!!i 6'6);<ini$%(er >")&+)'e)e$en, <in( a !i8"'ari(á$ e'&+( a 6'8"'i(ia irán( +rde'd a);á!a (a8"$ni9A% j e'n*# .enned; >""%a("$an e);re !ará($á)"$a!! &i?$%"n;( +8Q( >e' Hr=$U$"&&a', "); a n+<e( +rd+$!en )"nd"'a(ai(<in+' (á&"'a!! $%á<P%%e9 A S%"&je(=ni: .=!á&a' a8U$"'a("$ (e?&+en;$+)e =(án e% e'+))+ >=rU$ána <"nda(:, de S%"&je(=ni:+$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" F6'*n'e)e$ a8U$"'a(ai!a $" <inden

!e'e<a);ará%a(:9.enned;( <e)d*!!en(i a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e);re n*&e&e'ad:$"dá$a9 Oai >e'(árá$á( a% a'a8"ná' e%di9 -e)á''a8Q(ja,"); enne e);i > "a a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r e'(( <e)&á'("%"(( 8+n%i!"U$á(á$i rend$%er9 A%:(a =);ani$ e); <a)án!an U$"8"r(a8"(( j")"( a d"''ár e<i$$%i:jára9 Ai%e(enne a !anU$"8"r(na a%+r( a 8+n%+r(, a<e';e% U$=8án a d"''ár

e'á''Q(á$ n;"<da*'($+)e >ej+!en j=("((9 T*r(+ni e% a"r, a<i?"r a 8+n%i!"U$á(á$ <inden6(( a &i'á)"n a% i''e( á''a< >e'$+)j"?)a9 A )a%da$á)i e);en$'; e';reá''Q(á$a +rde+!en .enned;<e)Q$+re'(e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" >i%e(e$%*% i!"U$á(á$a >e'e((i$%=&ereni(á$á( e';re á''Q(ani9 7"r)a'"<!a i$ "%"(( <á$ >e'ira(133100 d"''ár"$"a( +'e(+&e' >i%e(e(( +r(e9 A% j>aj(a 100 d"''ár"$"?a( );"r$an i&"n(á a >"r)a'"<!:'9 J$a n+án; <e)r*)%*(( !anje);?);Pj(ne $ier6'( <e)ri%nie !e''e );Pj(e<+n;e $%á?<ára9 E% a $%"<"r e$e( &i'á)"$ >+n;( &e( a% a<eriai a(a'e'e((9A .enned;( i$ <e));i'"'(a(: 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< '+(+r' dr9Jarr"'' =i)'e; a Har&ard? +$ rinUe("ni E);e(e< (anára i$ Qr aTra)+dia +$ re<+n;$+) UQeje%e(+( a%%a' a >"n("$ +rd+$?$e' e%di, "); Fi aar =ra'"dni a &i'á)"nW Vá'a$%+n( dr9Be''a D"dda', a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "<<=ni$(a 8ár(ja "r$%á)"$

!i%"(($á)a (a)já&a' >"';(a("(( e);i !e$%+')e(+$+( Qrja 'e9 45A !e$%+')e(+$ *%&e('en6' a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r !e>eje%+$e=(án (*r(+n( dr9 Be''a D"dd <ár a !e$%+')e(+$ e%de(+n !e'e&á)+r&e'+$e *%e8+!e# FA%( i$%e<, "); a "<<=ni$(a *$$%ee$6&+$U$a a% e);i á)a e); <+) na);"!! *$$%ee$6&+$ne9-"ndand:já( e); (an='$á)"$ (*r(+ne((e' (á<a$%(ja a'á9 E'?<"ndja, "); e); a'a'"<<a' a% SA "<<=ni$(a 8ár(jána ne?+%$+)e (á<ad( e); $6r)$ 6);!en a -"$%&á&a' &a': );"r$

+rin(e%+$!en9 Va'a<i&e' e%( *&e(en a%( a (áj+"%(a(á$( a8(á,"); !ár<i';en na);>"n("$$á) 6);!en '+8jene +rin(e%+$!e aa'd"r> T"r"n; +86'e(+!en (a'á'a(: ár"< <e)ne&e%e(( $%e<+'; !ár<e';i+&e'9 A ("&á!!ia!an a ('6 a8"(( =(a$Q(á$"a(-"$%&a <indi) j:&áa);(a9 7e'(Pn( a%"n!an dr9 D"ddna, ");a -"$%&a á'(a' ije'*'( $%e<+';e e);ie $e< &"'( "r"$%, de <+)"<<=ni$(a $e<, ane< rendQ&6' )a%da) a<eriai na);(+$9E%e =(án ne< U$"da, "); a der+ *');!en i$ <e)>")a'<a%:?

d"(( a +rd+$# Vaj"n i 'ee(ne a% i)a%i irán;Q(:W Di'e<<ájá(U$a >""%(á a r*&ide$en !e*&e(e% e$e<+n;e9 Lá(nia e''e((,"); .*%+8? +$ D+'?A<eria er(e'je$ !a'ra("'dá$á( a<eriai !an" 8+n%e'(+9cA ("&á!!ia!an Jarr"' dr9 i$<er(e(i a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" 'e)?>!! á''a"r De<"Ura(iU AU(i"n XADAY +$ a %ár(*?rP J"=nUi' "n Re'a(i"n$ X.6'>*'di .a8U$"'a(" TanáU$aY (a)$á)a9R""$e&e'(, Tr=<an, Ei$en"_er, .enned; +$ Ni"n &a'a?<enn;ien a +( $%er&e%e( (a)ja &"'(9 Dr9 Jarr"' =);an (ar(:%"di a((:', "); $%a!ad<P&e$ne ne&e%%e e(, de rá=(a': e'ne&e%+?$e r+&+n e% <e)á''a8Q(a(:9 e%( a 'á(a(a('an a(a'<a( $ajá("$ e'?



ne&e%+$$e' Fra'"d: E);6((e$?+n( e<'e)e(i9); (Pni a $%"&je( &e%e(+$ ne< $%á<"'( .enned; <e));i'?"'á$ána 'ee($+)+&e'9 E%en ne< i$ 'ee( U$"dá'"%ni, i$%en a%=ra'"d: e''eni );i'"$$á)" a $*(+( *%+8"r (a'á'<án;ai9 A

9 $%á%ad!an U$a a 'e)8ri<i(Q&e!! "r$%á)" n;'na a% i';ene$%*%**%9 Bár a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" &i$%"n;'a) r*&id (*r(+ne?(+!en ne< a% e'$, de ne< i$ e);edi e$e(9 A 9 $%á%ad <á$"di >e'+!en <+)i$ <e)d*!!en(9 .6'*n*$en, a >i);e'e<!e &e$$%6,"); a .enned; U$a'ád <inden +$!!i e'n*$+)re 8á';á%: (a)já(<+) <e)&á'a$%(á$a e'(( <e));i'"'já9 A );i'"$$á) i&i%$)á'á?$ár:' +$%Q(e(( je'en(+$( 8edi) 50 +&re %ár"'(á9-inde% *n<a)á!an i$, "); >in"<an >")a'<a%%=n# )"nd"?

'a(+!re$%(9Hr=$U$"& ); )"nd"'ja, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +'+n !e*&e(?e%e(( $%e<+';i &á'("%á$ e$e('e) a'a'<a( ada( a n+<e( +rd+$rende%+$+ne jrae%d+$+re, 139 &+)+n 6%ene(e( in(+% a &i'á)á''a<?+$ "r<án;>ie%9 A% i)a%i UQ<%e(( (er<+$%e(e$en e%((a' i$a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"9 A <e)irde(e(( U+' e); ne<%e(*%i e);e%?<+n; <e)*(+$e, a<e'; a &i'á) <inden 8r"!'+<ájá( <e)"'daná9E%e#

(e'je$ 'e$%ere'+$ a );ar<a(i rend$%er >e'$%á<"'á$a X'ee(e('en ne< +$%re&en?ni A<eria +rde+( !++$ ("n e);e$Q(eni N+<e("r$%á)"(, ."reá( +$ Vie(na<"(Xe%((a' a $%*) <ár i i$ !j( a %$á!:'9Y &+)6' a% á''a<" <"ndjana 'e a (er6'e(i +$ a(ár&i(á er?$%a"$ <e)"'dá$ár:'9E% a ja&a$'a( ne< e&e$e!!r' $%:', <in( a <á$"di &i'á)á? !"r =(áni $(a(=$ [=" ne<%e(*%i j")i e'i$<er+$+ne (*r&+n;e$Q(+?$+r'9 A na8"n(a <e)j=': 8r"8a)anda >rá%i$"!a !e'eá!='(13$%+'e$ na);*%*n$+) >e' $e< >i);e'( e ra>iná'( ja&a$'a( '+n;e)+re9edi) >"n("$ *&e(e%(e(+$re ad"(( a'a'<a(9 E!!en a% id!en=);ani$ $%in(e <indeni arr:' &"'( <e));%d&e, "); a Tee?rán!an, /a'(á!an +$ "($da<!an <e)*(*(( a<eriai\$%"&je(\



an)"' á!"r( 'e%ár: $%er%d+$ene ninU$ene id!e'i <e)a(ár"?%á$ai, a%" &+)'e)e$e9 Hr=$U$"& i<+n(i ja&a$'a(a 8edi) á((+(e'e?$en =);an arra en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni, "); &anna9Hr=$U$"& >en(i ja&a$'a(a <+) ne< id$%erP, de e); ! +&(i%ed

<'(án 15?!en a He'$ini E=r:8ai Bi%("n$á)i Ér(ee%'e( 'e%árá?$a+n( rea'i%á'a(: 'e$%9 ); (Pni a%"n!an, "); a $(a(=$ [="id"r'á(ai (i("!an <+)i$ <e)<arad(a, &a); a na);*%*n$+)(=d(a n+'6' jra $%a!á';"%(á9A ja&a$'a( n+8$%erP$Q(+$+re Hr=$U$"& 149 n;arán !e=(a%%aa% e)+$% .e'e(? +$ N;=)a(?E=r:8á(, de a% a<eriai á''á$8"n( >e'?"'dá$á( ne< (=dja e'+rni9r:!á'"%á$ai e);re (ere$e!!+ &á'na a% a<eriai "r<án;

$%á<ára9O';ann;ira, "); e'a(ár"%%á Hr=$U$"& <e)!=(a(á$á(9 A(er&e( a $"r$, &a); a% a<eriai (i("$ <e$(ered+$ i$ $e)Q(e((e9I';en *r6'<+n;e *%*(( Q&já, &a); Q&a(já <e) Hr=$U$"&"( a N+<e( S%*&e($+)i .*%(ár$a$á)!a 149 $%e8(e<!er e'ej+n9 E a? 8:ra j*(( a8r"8: r+&+n a% a<eriai "r<án;%a( a $%"&je( a("nai&e%e(+$ =(án a 8"'i(iai &e%e(+$ <+r(+ad: $%e<+';ei( i$ <e));?%i, "); Hr=$U$"& ne< a% a 8ar(ner a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e'n*e

$%á<ára, ai&e' a ("&á!!i $%*&e($+)i e);6((<P*d+$ e);e(+r(+$re(a'á'a(na9 A 'e)>e'$!! $%"&je( &e%e(+$ +r(e(( a $%:!:'9 Ne< $"a(<+r'e)e'(9 149 "(:!er 14?+n 'e<"ndá$ra +n;$%erQ(ene Hr=$?U$"&"(9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e'n*+ne 8edi) a'ad+(a'an=' á(ad(á a% j 8ár(>(i(ár 6%ene(+(9 Te'je$ (ar(a'<á( enne ne< i$<erj6,de a% e'*&e(e% id$%a 8"'i(iai irán;&"na'á!:' j: <e)*%e'Q?(+$$e' i*&e(e%(e(e(j69 -inden e$e(re a 'e)+$%re&ee(!!&á'("%á$, "); a n+<e( +rd+$ (e'je$en 'eer6'( a $%"&je( +$e'e(e=r:8ai $aj(: na8irendj+('9A% j $%"&je( 8ár(>(i(ár Bre%$n;e& 'e$%9 Irán;Q(á$á&a' a$%"&je( 6'8"'i(ia a n+<e( $(a(=$ [=" <e)&á'("%(a(á$ána Q$+r?'e(e( &+)'e) >e'adja913A $%"&je( &e%e(+$!en (*!!, <in( +( +&(i%ede$ <inden "n?



Ue8Ui:( n+'6'*% id$%a *&e(e%i, a<e'; Bre%$n;e& (e'je$ >i?%iai +$ $%e''e"'( a%+r( (arQ("((a e%( a% e);$%QnP +$ 8an):

=ra'<a(9E% 8edi) a% 1@?a$ J$e$%'"&á &á'$á)9 .6'*n'e)e$$+)e<ia(( +rde<e$ r*&iden <e)e<'+e%ni r:'a9J$e$%'"&áia a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!:' a N+<e("r$%á)!a&a':, a 6'$ $%e<'+' $%á<ára $ej(e'<e$ F!e("'a"dá$ána *?$%*ne(en, );%(e$ á''a<+n( er6'( i9 Len);e'"r$%á)"% a?$"n':an <+)i$ a S%"&je(=ni: r+$%+re 'e$%á<"'( an)"'?a<eriai >i?%e($+) r+$%+&+ &á'(9 N+<i 6'*n!$+)e( a%+r( (e((e J$e$%'"&áia

ja&ára9 -en(e$6'( a $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$ a':'9 Bár a (e'je$ á''a< a8? 8ará(=$( e''e8(+ a $%"&je( F(anáU$ad: <iá'(a' $%=&ereni(á$a an=''á&a' &á'( e);en'&+, de e% ne< &"'( a "ra!e'i J$e$%'"&á &e%e(+$ e''en+re9 S%'á& ne<%e(+n( <indi) i$ '";a'i(á$( +re%(e ana); (e$(&+r S%"&je(=ni: irán(9 E$e(6!en ne< Li(&in"&, ane<$ajá( <a)= (*reed(e a &e'e &a': $%"<$%+d$á)ra <ár a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'((9A á!"r =(áni "$%("%"dá$ $"rán e%( <e) i$ a8(á, $:( "%?

%á$e)Q(e((+ a S%"&je(=ni:( a% áQ("(( <a);ar $%"<$%+d$á)"% i$.ár8á(a'ja, ); (Pni *n+n(e$ á(adá$á&a'9 J$e$%'"&áia $%a!ad?<P&e$ &e%e(i (+r+8i &Q%i: "';an $%+8re $ier6'(e, "); $%á?<=ra $%e!! <ár ne< i$ 'ee(ne9 J$e$%'"&áia á!"r =(áni 8+'?dája arr:' );%(e <e) a &i'á)"( +$ <a)=a( a U$eee( +$ $%'"&á?"a( i$, "); a 'e)j"!!na i(( d"')" i$ <a)=!an "rd"%%á ar"$$%a(9 Ad"(( e$e(!en aár a 'e)r"$$%a!!a( i$9A U$e i8ar <ár a% O$%(rá?<a);ar -"narUia idej+n i$ e=?r:8ai >ej'e(($+)i $%Qn&"na'"n á''(9 .*$%*ne(en a >ranUia !á!á$?"dá$na a% a +( á!"r *%*(( ("&á!! n*&eede((9 E% a% á''a8"(a n+<e( á!"r$ =(án8:('á$ +rde+!en a <á$"di &i'á)á!"ra'a(( $e< &á'("%"((9A F<e)n;er( &i'á)á!"r =(án a &i'á)<e)&á'(: $%"Uia'i$(a(an" +$ enne je);+!en i+8Q(e(( á''a<a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)i $%er?e%e( *&e(e%(+!en >""%a("$ &i$$%a>ej'd+$ *&e(e%e(( !e9 A



)a%da$á)i +$ +'e($%Qn&"na'!e'i á''a8"(" +( +&(i%ed e'(e'(+&e' $e< ja&='(a, $( a))a$%(:&á &á'(a9135Ér(e(, "); a +($+)!eej( e';%e( &á'("%á$ra +n;$%erQ(ene

a U$e$%'"&á &e%e(e(9 Lee($+)ei "r'á(ai( i$<er&e, >i);e?'e<<e' a% 1?"$ <a);ar"r$%á)i e$e<+n;ere +$ *&e(e%<+?n;eire# T"&á!!á a% 1@9 jan=ár 19 =(án -a);ar"r$%á)"n a S%"&? je(=n: (Pr+$+!en !e&e%e(e(( Fj )a%da$á)i <eUani%<=$ra <a?)= i$ a$"n': di<en%i:!an e%d(e )"nd"'"dni# r:!á'"%á?$=na j, a $%"&je( re("riá"% *%e'e!! á'': Fe<!erarU $%"Ui?a'i%<=$ >edne&e( ad(á9-a);ar"r$%á))a' e''en(+(!en J$e$%'"&áiá!an a% e'+)ede(?

'en$+) ne< &"'( >e'$%Q(a(: a >e);&ere$ >e'e'+$i)9 A S%"&je(=ni:?na <+) a8:ra i$ j*(( a U$ee jQ(á$i Q$+r'e(e9 -e)(ere<(d*((=);ani$ $%"&je( <e)>")a'<a%á$!an a Ua$$=$ !e''i J$e$%'"?&áia a("nai <e)$%á''á$ára9 E%((a' =);an ne< &"'( &e$%+';!en a !+e, a S%"&je(=ni: <+)i$ er$%aa' F<e)&+d(e9 A%( i$ <"nd?a(nán, a S%"&je(=ni: <e)$+r(e((e a 8"($dae' a% "r"$%"a( a% =ra'<a a'á ad"(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai n+8e >e'e(( >6))e('en6' a((:', "); a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an e''ene,&a); <e''e((e 6%d*((e9/"n$"n a<eriai e'n* 'e&+'!en !i%("$Q("((a Bre%$n;e&e(,"); ("&á!!ra i$ a ja'(ai <e)á''a8"dá$""% (ar(ja <a)á(9 Bár a/a'(á!an +$%6'( +$ n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'( ira(" *%*(( a (*r(+n+?$%e ne< (a'á'(a =(a'á$( J$e$%'"&áia $%"&je( +rde$%>+rá!a=(a'á$ár:', ); (Pni &anna (i("$Q("(( d"=<en(=<" i$, a<e';? !en 'e)a'á!!i$ /"n$"n $%erin( e% $%ere8e'9 /"n$"n 'e&e'+( a-"$%&á!a $%á''Q("(( D=!Ue +$ (ár$ai r+$%+re Bre%$n;e& !e<=?(a((a9 Zdene -';nár a% 1@0?!an iad"(( Ni)( 7r"$( in ra)=eUQ"'(á9 4@A<eria i';e(+n á''á$>")'a'á$ána +($+)!e&"na(a('an !i%"?



n;Q(+a, "); a J$e$%'"&áia e''eni $%"&je( in(er&enUi: a 'e)i?$e!! <+r(+!en $e< &e(e((e &i$$%a a% a<eriai?$%"&je( e);6((<P?*d+$(9 Bre%$n;e& 8edi) F<e)a'"((a a );a"r'a(!an "rá!!an i$a'a'<a%"((# FA $%"Uia'i$(a "r$%á)" "r'á("%"(( $%=&ereni(á$a

4@ 7e+r 7erenU\He''er Á)ne$# /a'(a =(án 39 +$ 9 "'d913@e'&+(, a<e';e( a% a<eriai re("ria 'ee);$%erP$Q(&e FBre%$n;e&d"("rinána ne&e%e((9Hr=$U$"& /=)"$%'á&iá&a' &a': 'á(&án;"$ Fi!+6'+$e =(áne);e$ e$e(e!en 8r"!'+<á( ""%"(( a +( na);a(a'"< *%*((i i?de)á!"r 'á($%a(ána >enn(ar(á$a97e'<er6'( (eá( a $%"Uia'i$(a (á!"r"n !e'6' a /dá$?*$$%e*(

$%6$+)e$$+)e9-ár a U$e$%'"&á &á'$á)"( <e)e'%en i$%e<e'i a% erre'e)a'a'<a$a!! R"<ániá(9 Erre <ind a r"<án a'a(, <ind a% +8? 8en a(a'<"n '+& Jea=$e$U= <"nda(ni i&á':an a'a'<a$9 R"?<ánia 'á(&án;"$an $%e)6'( $%e<!en (*!!, a S%"&je(=ni: +rdeei(na);!an $%"')á': di8'"<áUiai aUi:&a'9 E);ed6' ne< $%aQ("((a<e) di8'"<áUiai a8U$"'a(ai( a% 15?e$ ara!?i%rae'i á!"r( *?&e(en I%rae''e'9 Ne< &e(( r+$%( a J$e$%'"&áia e''en in(ernaUi"?

na'i$(a $e)Q($+) UQ<+n indQ("(( in(er&enUi:!an9 T'$á)"$an i$ !á("r d"'")na $%á<Q("((a e%e a!!an a% id!en9 A U$ee e<!erarU$%"Uia'i%<=$a ee% +8e$( ár(a('an $%:ra"%á$na &"'( <"nda?(:9R"<ánia F!á("r$á)a 'á((án a 8"'i(iai e'e<% !i%("$ra&e((+, "); J$e$%'"&áia <e)$%á''á$a =(án e); >6$( a'a(( a%"r"$%" R"<ániá&a' i$ &+)e%ne <ajd9 A% e)+$% &i'á) á<='a(árae% a%"n!an ne< *&e(e%e(( !e9 edi) erre <+) a Qnai &e%e( i$$%á<Q("((a9 Ne< U$"da, "); (*!!en );an( >")(a9E +(ed Rea)an e'$ "r<án;%a(i Ui'=$a a'a(( i)a%"'á$(n;er(e9 Erre +%%e'>")a(: !i%"n;Q(+a' $%"')á'( Da&id7=nder!=r A<eria !=are$(i na);*&e(+ne (*!! je'en(+$e97=nder!=r 'e&e'ei $"rra !i%"n;Q("((á, "); R"<ánia U$a i<i?(á'ja a -"$%&á(:' >6))e('en 6'8"'i(iájá(9 Enne 'á($%a(a <*)*((a 'e)in(en%Q&e!! a8U$"'a("a( (ar(ja >enn a% "r"$%"a'9 S%"&je(?



e''ene$ 8"'i(iája j=(a'<á=' r+$%+re !i%("$Q("(( a JOJO-?'i$(a (i?'a'<a a'á e$ 'e)>ej'e((e!! (eUn"':)iáa( Jea=$e$U= (i("!an á(? já($%"((a a% "r"$%"na9 Rea)an +$ 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=<a e'en?)ed(e a >6'e <e''e(( na);*&e(6 a)):d: je'en(+$ei(9 Va':$%QnP

ne< <"nd"((a ja( $%á<=ra9 A R"<ániá&a' >"';(a("(( $%Q&+';e$&i$%"n; ("&á!!ra i$ >enn<arad9 Jea=$e$U=?&a' &a': <e)6'*n? !*%(e(e(( $%a!ad<P&e$ !ará($á)= i$ (*re('en e)+$%en a% 1@?e$ JIA +$ a .GB á'(a' *%*$en i8r"&"á'( +$ 'e&e%+n;e'(, a (e'e?13&Q%i:&a' <ind&+)i) *%&e(Q(e(( >"rrada'"<i), de err' a <a)a e?';+n <+) $%:'=n9140

-AGARORSZÁG A SZOJIALISTA TÁBOR FÁLLATORVOSI LOVA-a);ar"r$%á) )e"8"'i(iai e';%e(+n+' >")&a, a<e';e( (ria?n"ni <e)U$"nQ(á$a <+) U$a >""%"((, $e<<i';en *r6'<+n;e *%*(( $e< <arada("(( i a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r( e'indQ(: !++(?'en$+)!'9 Ha <ár a e%de(e"r N+<e("r$%á))a' $%e<!en <e?ne(e'6n, a"r Len);e'"r$%á) $"r$ára j=(=n9 A% "r$%á)"( i&+?re%(e(i a n+<e( i$, a% "r"$% i$9 A &+)ered<+n; a $%"&je( <e)$%á'?

'á$, á''a<a8i(a'i$(a i>"$%(á$$a', =);ana%9 Hi$%en a á!"rra+n;$%erQ(e(( N+<e("r$%á)na a <a);ar +'e'<i$%er =);ana%( a$(ra(+)iai ár( +8&i$e'(e, <in( a r"<án "'aj9 -i&e' <inde(( "((&"'( a $%"<$%+d$á)á!an, n;i'&án in;j(ja +r(6 a e%+(9 Ha ne<adjá *n+n(, á( e'&e$%i er$%aa'9 E!!en a% e$e(!en 'ee(, ");a á!"r =(áni $%"&je( );a"r'a(na <e)>e'e'en <+) a 8ad'á$( i$'e$*8ri9 E !a'j:$ 'ee($+)ere (ein(e((e' a "ra!e'i <a);ar "r?<án; <a)a i$ $%"<$%+dai"% a$"n':an d*n(*((9 -ai (=dá$=na'$e< (=dnán j"!! <e)"'dá$( &á'a$%(ani, a<enn;i!en a "ra!e'i*r6'<+n;e <inden 'ee($+)+( $%á<!a &e$$%69 -+)i$ a% a%+r%+$6n, "); =);ana%( <+)$e< =);an); &e%+n;e'(6 &"'na 'e9Sajn"$ H"r(; +$ "r<án;ai e%+( ne< U$a a 6'$ *r6'<+?n;e, ane< <á$ (i("$ +$ ne< (i("$ er i$ <e)*(*((+9 E%e *%*(( 6'*n*$en a <a);ar )a%da$á)"( +$ 8+n%6);i i)a%)a(á$( e?%+!e a8arin("(( %$id:$á)"(, $ &e'e a <'( $%á%ad!:' reinarná':?



d"(( ari$%("ráUiá( e'' e'$ e';en e<'Q(eni9 Bár<i';en >=rU$a e% a+( 'á($%:'a) e''en(+(e$ U$"8"r( +rdeei( (ein(&e a%"n"$ U+'( *?&e(e((9 Bár +rdeei a r+$%'e(e (ein(e(+!en ne< >ed(+ =);ane);<á$(, de a 'e)>"n("$a!! <"(i&áUi:i( i''e(en (e'je$ <+r(+!en9

A %$id:$á) +$ a% ari$%("ráUia e);arán( ); &+'(e -a);ar"r?$%á)na N+<e("r$%á) "'da'án e'' !e'+8ni a á!"r!a9 A %$id:$á)a%%a' +r&e'(, a e''en$%e)6'6n Hi('erne, a"r <á$ e=r:8ai á'?'a<""% a$"n':an a% "r$%á) <e)$%á''á$á&a' !i%("$Q(aná <a)á?na a <a);ar <e%)a%da$á) á'(a' <e)(er<e'( +'e'<i$%eree(9 E!? !en a% e$e(!en 8edi) e'de8"r(á'ná a -a);ar"r$%á)"n !i%("n$á)? !an +' +$ <á$ <e)$%á''( (er6'e(er' i$ ide<ene6'( %$id:$á)"(9141

A% ari$%("ráUia $%á<"$ (a)ja, ai a% e'$%e)+n;ed+$ 'ej(j+?re er6'(e, )a%da) %$id: U$a'ád"a' á%a$"d&a r""n$á)!a e?r6'(e &e'69 ); a %$id: e$e('e)e$ e'de8"r(á'á$á&a' i$<+( &e?$%+';!e er6'ne a% á'(a'= <e)<en(e(( e)%i$%(enUiája9 E); $%"&je($%*&e($+) <+) a '+(re i$ j*e(ne ne<U$a &a);"n=n, de(*!! +&$%á%ad"$ i&á'($á)ai &+)+( i$ je'en(en+, i$%en a $%"&je(ide"':)iá( +$ anna );a"r'a(i <:d$%erei( na);"n 8"n("$ in>"r?<áUi:!:' i$<er(+, de a%"a( a S%"&je(=ni: &e%e(+$e ne< i$ (i(?

"'(a9 E% e$e(!en a% "r"$% ari$%("ráUiá"% a$"n':an ne<U$a i&á'($á)=a(, ane< <+) a% +'e(6e( i$ e'&e$%Q(en+9 N+<e("r?$%á) );%e'<+&e' =);an $e< $%án("'(a, de (i("!an re<+'(+,"); a n+<e( >e);&ere e$e('e) rá+n;$%erQ(e(i e''en>e'eie(&a'a<i';en <e)e);e%+$e$ !+e*(+$re, $ a"r <ind a %$id:$á),<ind a% ari$%("ráUia e';%e(e ("&á!! "n%er&á':da(9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +rdeei a%"n!an ne< (e'je$6'e((e i';en >+'<e)"'dá$$a'9 Nei N+<e("r$%á) +$ /a8án ("(á'i$ &ere$+?)+re &"'( $%6$+)e, <er( U$a e% (e((e 'ee(&+, "); 8iaUi +rde?$%>+rájá!a erQ($e, 8"ri) r"<!"'( "r$%á)ai jjá+8Q(+$+e% !=$á$a<a(" >ej+!en a(a'<a$ra d=%%ad(, "(("n <ár ne< a$%n"$Q(?a(: (+j+( ie';e%%e9 ); a <a);ar"r$%á)i %$id:$á) na); r+?$%+(, a% ari$%("ráUia (e'je$ e)+$%+( a á!"r &iara $%+($%:r(a a%e)+$% &i'á)!an9A á!"r !e>eje%+$+&e' a %$id:$á) je'en($ r+$%e anna e'?





);ana"r R"<ániá!an U$=8án je'+8e$ <+r(+!en (a'á'?a(: n+<e( a("na, $ a%" $e< <e)$%á'':+n(, ane< a "r<án;?n;a' (*r(+n( <e)á''a8"dá$ a'a8ján, a% "'aj$%á''Q(á$" !i%("$Q(á$ára&"'(a "((9 R"<ánia <+)i$ -a);ar"r$%á) <e)$%á''á$á( *&e(

(*!! <in( a( :na8 <'&a '+8 i a á!"r!:', "'"(( (e'je$ $%=&e?reni(á$a >e'e(( <ind&+)i) rende'e%e((9 A% "r$%á)!an '+& n+<e(a("na$á) $e< je'en(e(( $%á<ára $e<")'a'já e)+$% R"<ániá(9 -"$( (+8e'de(6n a%"n, "); R"<ánia ad(a?e j:' e' <a)á(, &a); a );%(e$e a);(á?e <a)=a( !eU$a8ni9 Bár aá((+r!en $"a' )"n"$%a!! U$e'e&+$ 'á($%i <e)%:dni, I$?<erj6 =);ani$ S%(á'in J=rUi''?ne (e(( n;i'a("%a(á(, <i$%erin(

a á!"r =(án e)+$% Erd+';( R"<ániána $%án(a9Ha ee% <+) "%%á(e$$%6# S%(á'in a á!"r !e>eje%+$+&e' ar"<án irá';( a );%e'e< +rde<rendj+&e' i$ i(6n(e(i, a<e';e( (=?143d"<á$=n $%erin( Ei$en"_er?en +$ -"n()"<er;?a Q&6' U$a Ti(: a8"(( <e), <in( 6'>*'di á''a<8"')ár, );ann ("&á!! er?$*di9 -inde% a%"n!an <e$$%e e'(*r86' R"<ánia %$id:$á))a'a8U$"'a("$ <a)a(ar(á$á"% +8e$(9 -ie'(( a N+<e("r$%á) i)+?

n;e'(e &"'na a á!"r$ =(án8:('á$ (er<e'+$+e% a r"<ániai %$id:<=naer(, a r"<án" i&+)e%(+ %$id: á''a<8"')árai U$ane<e)+$%+(9 E%( <a a r"<án i&a(a'"$ <e)n;i'&án='á$ ); adja e',"); ne< $%"')á'(a((á i %$id:$á)=a( Hi('erne9 A")adjá e%( a% á'$%en( <a);ará%a("(, $( a 'ee( 'e)?$%Q&+';e$e!! a8U$"'a("a( á8"'(á +$ á8"'já <a i$ a <inden"rir"<án "r<ánn;a'9 -a);ar"r$%á)"( 8edi) ai a% e)+$% ne<%e(&e$%+';+re "'(a'<a%(a e( "''e(Q& á!"r$ !Pn*$ne iá'("((á i +$ ee% <+r(+ a á!"r =(áni <e)("r'á$(9 Anná' i$ >áj:!! $e? !e e% a <a);ar$á)na, <er( e%( a e);e('en <e)("r'á$( ide)en$%=r"n;" á'(a' a(a'"<ra $e)Q(e(( <a);ar "r<án;+n( i&+(e'n+'6' %$id: &+)e%(+9 T=d=n Hi('er <+'(a('an"dá$ár:',a<e';!en -a);ar"r$%á)"( E=r:8a )e((:jána ne&e%(e a% 6'd*%*((?$+) 'á($%a(á&a' !e>")ad"(( $%"<$%+d"$ "r$%á)"!e'i %$id: ára?



da(a <ia((9 A $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$( *&e(en a%(án e% a <a);ar &+r árán <e)<en(e(( %$id:$á) ir(: adjára("( indQ("(( a% e)+$% ne<%e(e''en9 -+) a%"a( $e< Q<+'(e <e), ai $%e<+';e$ $%a!ad$á)= "Uá%(a(á$á&a' i)a%"'a(:an e);+ni'e) i$ r+$%( &e((e a %$id:

!=j(a(á$á!an, <eneQ(+$+!en9 .6'*n*$ <:d"n *$%*n(e <e) a<a);ar$á)na *n>e'á'd"%: $e)Q($+)+(9 .e);e('en 8+'dájá( ad&a$%a!ad<P&e$ %$id: '")iájána9B=')ária e$e(+re i$ i&a("%a(=n, i$% i$ 1449 $%e8(e<? !er 10?i) (ar(já n+<e( $%*&e($+)6e(, 8edi) e'er6'(e a n+<e(<e)$%á''á$(9A $%a!ad<P&e$ )"nd"'"dá$ra a%"n!an S%'"&áia (e$%i >e'a "r"ná(9 A Hi('er á'(a' '+(re"%"(( S%'"&á á''a<, a<e'; ne< (a?

)"':d"(( !e 8r"(e("rá(=$+n( N+<e("r$%á)!a, e)+$%en -a);ar"r?$%á) $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$ána !e>eje%+$+i) (a)ja <arad a i('eri$%*&e($+)ne9 &a':!an =("'$:na <ene6'( e' a <ár U$ane<(e'je$en e'$6'';ed( n+<e( aj:r:', i$%en e); :na8 <'&a !e>eje?%di N+<e("r$%á) <e)$%á''á$a $ &e'e a á!"r i$9 S%'"&áiaa%"n!an <in(a <i $e< (*r(+n( &"'na, i$<+( !e(ár$=' a N+<e("r?$%á)!:' i<ene6' U$eee'9 A% j!:' <e)a'aQ(and: J$e?144

$%'"&á á''a<!a9 E%á'(a' <en(e$6' á!"r$ $%ere8'+$+ne <in?den :di=<á(:'9 ne< 'e$% =("'$: U$a(':$a Hi('erne, ane< 'á$?$=n U$"dá(, a U$eee' e);6(( );%(e$ á''a<<á &á'i9A=$%(ria =);anU$a renda);: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ $%ere? 8+r' <ár $%:'(=n9Len);e'"r$%á) <e''e(( -a);ar"r$%á)"( i$ "';an e';%e(!e"%(á, "); 8"'i(iai e';%e(+n+' >")&a a <a)a(ar(á$á( i''e(en j:d*n(+$( "%ni ne< 'ee(e((9 A <e$e!e'i n;'"% &"'( a$"n'Q(a(:9Ha &"'( $a8a a >ej+n, a"r a%+r(, a <e) ne< &"'(, a"r a%+r(<ara$%(a'(á e'9 Len);e'"r$%á) e'e(i (er6'e(eire a S%"&je(=ni:&e(e(( $%e<e( +$ e' i$ &e((e ('e, iá!a >")ad"(( $%:( an)"' !=j("?)a(:ina9 -a);ar"r$%á) e'$ &i'á)á!"r =(án e'"!%"(( (er6'e(e?i(, !i("r':i a á!"r =(án i$ <e) aar(á (ar(ani9 E% a% á''a8"(a%"na i$ +rde+!en á''"((, ai anna idej+n nei ad(á9 I)a%,"); $ajá( );ar<a(aia( ne< (=d(á <e)(ar(ani, de -a);ar"r$%á)



&i$$%a$%er%e(( $%Qn<a);ar 'a"$ (er6'e(ei( &i$$%a (=d(á ada(ni"rá!!i !i("r':ina9 J$a re((e)&e <erj6 &+)i))"nd"'ni, ");&aj"n N+<e("r$%á) ("(á'i$ &ere$+)e e';e(( a á!"r &a'a<e';$%aa$%á!an '+(rej*n &a'a+'e !+e$%er%d+$, a anna >e'(+(e?

'e+n( N+<e("r$%á)"( arra $%"rQ(já, "); a +( !+U$i d*n(+$+(&"nja &i$$%a &aj"n <e)(ar(a((= &"'na?e e%er+&e$ (er6'e(eine(WA% a'=!a n;i'&án a <a);ar D+'&id+ i$ a $er8en;!e er6'9Erd+';( R"<ánia !i%("$an &i$$%aa8(a &"'na, <ár U$a aS%"&je(=ni: á'(a' !ee!e'e%e(( Be$%ará!ia +$ É$%a?B="&ina"<8en%á'á$a+n( i$9-a);ar"r$%á) $"r$a (eá( e'rende'(e(e((9 7ájda'<a$ (ján &+?)i) e''e(( <ennie, aárU$a j+%=$na a )"')"(án9 Ai 8edi) a

&á''=ra (e((+ a á!"r ne+% ere$%(j+(, a ne<%e(e( i$%en&ed+$e=(án ne<U$a "); <e)U$a'(á, ane< e);e('en6' <e) i$ !6n?(e((+9 Enn;i $%en&ed+$, enn;i <e)a'á%(a(á$ =(án &a':$á)"$ U$"da,"); a <a);ar i)a%, "); *n? +$ ne<%e((=da(á!an er$en <e)?"8&a <+) +'9Ha ne< (=d rrá 'enni e);re n*&e& *n%+$+n, >+', "); e);ja!! &i'á)+)+$ ne+% rQ%i$+( <ár ne< !Qrja i9 Anná' i$ iná!!,<er( á''a"r")9

Sajn"$ "n>i(ár$ain *%*(( na);"n $"an &anna, ai <e)<en?(+$e e';e(( %a&ar"$ e$%<+ $%"')á'a(á!an >e'$%á<"'á$án <=ná'?"dna914A -AGARORSZÁGGAL F-EG.ÖTÖTTBÉ.ESZERZDÉS .ÖNNEL-K 229 JI.?.ELEA -a);ar"r$%á))a' 1459 >e!r=ár 10?+n F<e)*(*(( !+e?$%er%d+$ =);anU$a >=rU$a (*r(+ne'+', a <a);ar "r<án; a'áQrá$a9 Rej(+';, "); G;*n);$i /án"$ a 76))e('en.i$)a%da ár( á'(a' de'e)á'( 6'6);<ini$%(er( <i +$%(e((e, ");<+)i$ a'áQrja a%( a <+'(a('an ira("(9 A );%(e$e +n;e?ed&e $%e?rin( *$$%eá''Q("(( "<án;!a, ne< (=dni &+'e('en6'?e &a); +$%a?ar&a, <+)i$ !eU$$%ni 'á($%"(( e); je'en(+(e'en i!a9



A F$%er%d+$ IV9 r+$% 229 Ui 19 !ee%d+$e $%: $%erin( a%a'á!!iaa( (ar(a'<a%%a9FA je'en $%er%d+$ +'e(!e'+8+$+( *&e(en <inden $%*?&e($+)e$ >e);&ere$ er( 0 na8"n !e'6' -a);ar"r$%á)!:'

&i$$%a e'' &"nni, <inda%"ná'(a' a S%"&je(=ni:na >enn?<arad a j")a <a);ar (er6'e(en "'; >e);&ere$ er (ar(á?$ára, a<e';re $%6$+)e 'ee( a"%, "); a $%"&je( ad?$ere)ne a% a=$%(riai $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$i *&e%e((e' &a':*%'eed+$i &"na'ai( >enn(ar($a9A $%er%d+$ne ne&e%e(( ira(na e% a 8"n(ja <ár a <e)>"?)a'<a%á$a idej+n $e< &"'( i)a%, i$%en a $%"&je( a("nai a'a='a?(" ne< e F*%'eed+$i &"na'a <en(+n (ar("((á <e)$%á''&a a%

"r$%á)"(, ane< anna (e'je$ (er6'e(+( 'e>ed(+9A%"n Q&6' a i&a("%"(( *%'eed+$i &"na'a a("nai !i%("?$Q(á$ára ne< i$ &"'( $%6$+), i$%en arra a 229 Ui 39 !ee%d+$e en+'6' i$ *(e'e%(e -a);ar"r$%á)"(9<e#F-a);ar"r$%á) a%"n!an rende'e%+$re >") !"U$á(ani<inden "';an e$%*%(, +$ *nn;Q(+$(, a<e';re a% a=$%(riai$%"&je( <e)$%á''á$i *&e%e((e' &a': *%'eed+$i &"na'a

>enn(ar(á$a U+'já!:' 6'*n'e)e$en $%6$+) 'ee(, a<ine 14e''en+!en a <a);ar "r<án; <e)>e'e' e''en$%"')á'(a?(á$!an >") r+$%e$6'ni9 N;i'&án&a':, "); i(( a Zá"n;(:' He);e$a'"<i) (erjed&a$=(ar:' +$ *%=(ar:', e$e('e) a raj(= *%'eed jár<P&er''ee( $%:9 H"); e%e >i%e(e(( a$%ná'a(á"% $%6$+) &an?e !+e?id!en a("nai !i%("$Q(á$ra, arr:' <+) &i(a("%ni i$ >e'e$'e)e$9 HaU$a a $%er%d+$ $%*&e)+ne <e)>")a'<a%:i ne< arra a% Fe''en?$%"')á'(a(á$ra )"nd"'(a, a<e';e( -a);ar"r$%á) 19 n"&e<? !er 4?e =(án a<eriai j:&áa);á$$a' a8"((9A 229 Uire &"na("%: di'e<<án a >en(ie e'e<%+$e a8?U$án anna &+'e('en$%erP$+)e, $"a' iná!! $%ánd+"$ <e)>"?)a'<a%á$ára &"na("%:an ne< "$%'i e'9 -+) iná!! <e)er$*?di, a >i);e'e<!e &e$$%6, "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a S%"&je(?



=ni: +$ An)'ia 6'6);<ini$%(erei 1439 n"&e<!er 2?án n;i'a("?%a("( adna i -"$%&á!an A=$%(ria >6))e('en$+)+ne !i%("$Q(á?$ár:'9 E% e);+r(e'+rájá!a &"nni a á!"r =(án9

);ana"r a%( i$ je'en(e((e, "); A=$%(riá( a $%*&e($+)e$e ne<Q&ánjá (ar(:$an a("nai <e)$%á''á$ a'a(( (ar(ani9 A !+e$%er%?d+$ <e)*(+$e"r (eá( a F<a)a$ $%er%d >e'e <inde);ie(=d(a, "); a <+) A=$%(riá!an '+& $%"&je( U$a8a(" á''"<á$"%á?$a U$a idei)'ene$ je''e))e' !Qr9E% a% F(&"na' !i%("$Q(á$ *n<a)á!an i$ <e)a'a8"%%a a);%(e$ a(a'<a <inden á($: $%ánd+á(9 Érdee$ !i%"n;Q(+aenne a% 149 j'i=$ ?i '"nd"ni e);e%<+n; A=$%(ria <e)$%á''á$i

*&e%e(eir' +$ B+U$ i)a%)a(á$ár:'9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a $ajá(i)a%)a(á$a a'á &"n(a T=''en re86'(er+(9 SU_ea( re86'(er+(An)'ia 6%e<e'(e(+$+re !Q%(á9);ana"r a S%"&je(=ni: Fne< a8"(( re86'(+ri a$%ná?'a("(9 Anna e''en+re, "); a SU_ea(?i re86'(+r (='ajd"n+8? 8en a $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$i *&e%e( (er6'e(+n (a'á'a(:9 ); (eá( F'"?)i=$na <"nda(: a% a% +r&e'+$, <i$%erin( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ An)'ia '+)i ("n *%'eede( <e)$%á''á$i %:nájá&a', a S%"&je(?

=ni:na F<e) e'' adni a%( a 'ee($+)e(, "); *%("n +$ &a$?("n (ee$$e =);ane%(9H"'"(( '+)i ("n a S%"&je(=ni: $"a' e);$%erP!!en +$ );"r?$a!!an 'á(a((a &"'na e' <e)$%á'': U$a8a(ai(9 Ee% a <e)$%á''( (e?145r6'e(+n '+& SU_ea(?i re86'(+r i&á':an a'a'<a$ i$ &"'(9 A(=''en?i re86'(+r *%*$ an)"'\a<eriai +$ >ranUia a$%ná'a(ána a'i)a &"'( !árerenUia, <ajd a/a'(ai ."n>erenUia, &+)6' 8edi) a á!"r$ "$%("%"dá$( 'e%ár:"($daerenUia9 A ár"< "n>erenUia <inde);i+n r+$%(&e(( <a)a S%(á'in i$9 Ne< (=d=n arr:', "); A=$%(ria á!"r=(áni $(á(=$ár:' a S%"&je(=ni: ja&ára !ár<i';en ed&e%<+n;( a? 8"(( &"'na9 Enne e''en+re S%(á'in +'e(+!en A=$%(ria >6))e('en$+?



)+ne 1439 n"&e<!eri Q)+re(e &a'a<i';en "ná' >")&a ne< rea'i?%á':da("((9 Érdee$ <:d"n e%( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<", An)'ia +$7ranUia"r$%á) $e< $6r)e((e9 .+$ede'<+ne "á( ne<e$ e);$%erP?$+))e' a% "r"$%"ra >")(á9 -in(a U$a a% e=r:8ai 8"'i(iai e$e?

<+n;e!e e're !e'e:d"'(á &"'na A=$%(ria <á$"di &i'á)á!"?rjá( 'e%ár: Á''a<$%er%d+$( Hr=$U$"& F!++$ e);<á$ <e''e(( +'+?$i a<8án;ána ere(+!en *(*((+ <e)9 N"r<á'i$ *r6'<+n;e *%*(( erre a'i)a e''e(( &"'na (Q% +&e( &árni9A (Q% +& a'a((, de a -a);ar"r$%á))a' *(*(( 1459 +&i !+e?$%er%d+$ :(a e'(e'( n;"'U +& a'a(( i$ $" <inden <e)&á'("%"((9I';en &á'("%á$"n <en( ere$%(6' a $%*&e($+)e$ ader -a);ar"r?$%á)r:' &a': &i$$%a&"ná$ára =(a': 229 Ui 1?3 8"n(jána Q)+re(e i$

a S%"&je(=ni: &e%e(ine )"nd"'a(&i'á)á!an9A% 19 <áj=$ 1?+n a'áir( O$%(rá Á''a<$%er%d+$ <e)?*(+$+&e' a $%"&je( U$a8a("na e' e''e(( a);ni= A=$%(ria (e?r6'e(+(9 A Baden !ei ien!en <a)=a( !e>+$%e' $%"&je( >adi?$%á''á$"n ne< *r6'(e a &á'("%á$na9 Ir(:%(a a((:', "); &i$$%ae'' <enni6 a S%"&je(=ni:!a9 Ne< U$"dá'a(:, "); &a'a<i';ena8U$"'a("( ere$(e +$ <inden !i%"nn;a' (a'á'(a i$ a 8"'i(i=?$"a', "); $e)Q($ene ie$%*%*'ni a <ár A=$%(riá( <inden?

+88en e' e'' a);ni" á(&e%+n;'+$6e( -a);ar"r$%á)ra9 E%e'$ a''á$ra <ind a $%"&je( 8"'i(iai &e%e(, <ind a ader <a?)a$a!! &e%e(+$e $%á<ára +'e(re&a': *('e(ne !i%"n;='(9 Anná' i$iná!!, <er( a S%"&je(=ni:!an e%ere a% e);$+)ere a 'e$%ere'+$&ár(9 7")adá$""% a%"n!an ne< rende'e%(e $e< 'aá$"a',$e< <=nae'';e'9 J$a á( a (er& &+)reaj(á$á( a -a);ar"r$%á)?)a' *(*(( !+e$%er%d+$ 229 Uie 'ee(e('enn+ (e((e9 A !aj( <+)>""%(a, "); a -a);ar"r$%á)r:' i&"nand: a("nai a'a='a(" i$14@n*&e'(+ a% "(("n e'e';e%end $%á<á(9 I';en na); '+($%á<a("na 'e$%ere'+$e +$ e'e';e%+$e <+) a $%"&je( 'a"$$á) i)+n;(e?'en$+)e <e''e(( i$ "<"'; 8r"!'+<á( je'en(e((9-a);ar"r$%á) <e)$%á''á$ána <e)"$$%a!!Q(á$a <inden 8r"!'+<a <e)"'dá$á( je'en(en+9 A% a=$%(riai e);$+)e i$ á(&e%+?n;e'e( 'enn+ne9 E'e';e%+$6 8edi) a <a);ar"r$%á)i e';?



(ar(: >e'ada(á&á &á'i9 -e) e'' (eá( (a'á'ni a <:djá( a% "r$%á)i!&Q(e(( <e)$%á''á$ána <e)"$$%a!!Q(á$ára9 A $%"&je( ader'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$e á(8a$$%"'(a (eá( a 'a!dá( a 8"'i(iai &e%e(+$$%á<ára9

A <a);ar"r$%á)i +r(e'<i$+)i *r*!en a% a=$%(riai i&"n=?'á$( *&e( 0 e'(e'(+&e' e);re n;Q'(a!!an >e$%e)e((+ a $%"&je(U$a8a(" i&"n='á$ána 6);+(9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( $e<+'ee%irán; e'+$%6'e(e $e< a <e)$%á'': U$a8a(" 8aranU$n"$á?)a, $e< a <a);ar"r$%á)i <"$%"&i(a 8ár(&e%e(+$ r+$%+r' ne<(*r(+n(e9 Erre &"na("%: <e)je);%+$e na);"n 6);e$ +$ ár(a(?'anna <"nda(: U$"<a)"'á$!an <+) a S%"&je(=ni: á'(a' ideren?de'( e';(ar(:(anáU$ *%&e('en $%e+r("':i *r+!en i$ e'an)%"(?

(a9 Bár a <a);ar"r$%á)i "r<án;na ne&e%e(( $%a!ad<P&e$%$id: 8á"'; (a)jai re((e)&e )"nd"'(a a $%"&je( <e)$%á'': U$a? 8a(" e$e('e)e$ i&"n='á$ára9 E"r a <a);ar 'a"$$á) <+) !ir?("á!an &"'( ajdani ne<%e((=da(ána, a<e';e( a );ar<a(i $"r$<+) <e) i$ n*&e'(9 7+' &"'(, "); a <a);ar 'a"$$á) &a'a<i<:d"n e'+)(+(e'( &e$% <ajd (Q%e$%(end$ d=r&a <e)a'á%(a(á$á+r(9A $%"&je( 'e)>e'$ &e%e(+$ na);"n j:' i$<er(e a <a);ar a'a( a? !i(=$á(9 Ter&+( i$ erre +8Q(e((e >e' A 8"r"$ ira((ár!:' e'&e((e a%

145?e$ -a);ar"r$%á)ra er'(e(e(( !+e$%er%d+$(, i&á'a$%(and:<e';i 8a$$%=$a ad 'ee($+)e( &a'a<i';en n;aa(eer( <e)"'dá$?ra9 Ne< &"'( ('$á)"$an ne+% i';en( (a'á'nia9Vá'a$%(á$= a II9 r+$% 8"'i(iai rende'e%+$e UQeje%e(+?ne 49 Ui+re e$e((9 Ár(a('an >")a'<a%á$á!an a% a'á!!ia $%erin(rende'e%i#F-a);ar"r$%á), a<e'; a 7e);&er$%6ne(i E);e%<+n; +r?(e'<+!en in(+%ede(( <a);ar (er6'e(en <inden >a$i$%(a je''e)P 8"'i(iai &a); a("nai $%Qne%e(P $%er&e%e(ne,&a'a<in( <inden "';an $%er&e%e(ne >e'"$%'a(á$a irán(,a<e'; a% E);e$6'( Ne<%e(ee' $%e<!en e''en$+)e$ 8r"?14 8a)andá(, ide+r(&e a re&i%i"ni$(a 8r"8a)andá( >ej( i, a j*&!en ne< en)edi <e) "';an e>>aj(a $%er&e%e(ene >enná''á$á( +$ <P*d+$+(, a<e';ene U+'ja a%, ");



<e)>"$$%a a n+8e( de<"ra(i=$ j")ai(:'9 4-i&e' a $%"&je( 8ár(&e%e(+$!en S%(á'in a'á'a =(án =);anU$a <e)!"<'"(( a "rá!!i $%i'árd e);$+), Hr=$U$"&na +$ U$a8a(ána "';an <e)"'dá$( e''e(( (a'á'nia, a<e'; a% "r("d" "'da'( i$ ie'+?

)Q(i, =);ana"r >+en i$ (ar(ja9 A !e'8"'i(iai n+%e(6'*n!$+)e rende%+$+re 19 >e!r=ár 14?+re *$$%eQ&(a a% S%. 9 ."n)?re$$%=$á(9 Enne 8r")ra<ja +$ a% e'>")ad"(( a(ár"%a(" a !e'8"?'i(ián (' ia(á$$a' !Qr(a a S%"&je(=ni: 6'8"'i(iájára i$9A "n)re$$%=$ á''á$( >")'a'( a á!"r e'er6'e($+)e <e''e((9Lee($+)e$ne <"nd(a i a >"rrada'"< !++$ (jána 'ee($+)+(,-e)er$Q(i a !++$ e);<á$ <e''e(( +'+$ r=$U$"&i (+(e'+(9 Bár e%e a 8ár( e<+n; "rá!!i d")<áin "<"'; r+$( 6(*((e, <+) $e<

e% &"'( a "n)re$$%=$ > a((raUi:ja9 Hr=$U$"& "$$% (i("$ !e?$%+d!en rán(ja 'e a 'e8'e( S%(á'in <inden e);e('ened+$+r'9A "n)re$$%=$i a(ár"%a(!an e%e a%"n!an a $%e<+';i ='?(=$% e'Q(+'+$+re $%e'Qd6'(e9 A !e$%+d %ár( 6'+$en an)%"(( e' Va':?$%QnP a rende% )"nd"$"d(a arr:', "); e% a (i("$na <"n?d"(( !e$%+d $%in(e e'an)%á$á&a' e); id!en i$%i&ár")j"n9 AS%a!ad E=r:8a Rádi: <ár <á$na8 i$<er(e((e $%: $%erin(i $%*&e?)+(9 -+)8edi) e); (e'je$ na8"n á(9 -a a%( <"ndanán n"n $("8

adá$!an9 A<i"r &+)+e% +r(e, e'r*' e%d(+9 ); (eá( ne<?U$a a <a);ar 'a"$$á), ane< e)+$% .e'e(?E=r:8ai, $( a% e)+$%&i'á) 'a"$$á)a e);e('en na8 a'a(( <e)i$<ere((e a &i'á) Le)$%a?di$(á!! di(a(rájána >"n("$a!! Fin(i<i(á$ai(9A $%"&je( U$a8a(" i&"ná$ára &ára"%: <a);ar *%*n$+)e);re e&6'(e!! 'e'iá''a8"(á( Hr=$U$"& 'e'e8'e%+$ei ("&á!! $%Q?("((á9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a <á$ n+8i de<"ráUiáa' e''en(+(? !en Rá"$i &"na"d"(( +$ +$'eede(( a% );ne&e%e(( $%e<+';i='(=$% <a);ar"r$%á)i e$e<+n;ei&e' >")'a'"%ni, 8edi) enne a?%ai aj(á$ai <inden <á$ &a%a''=$ á''a<ná' er$e!!e &"'(a9 -ajdU$a a <áj=$ 1@?án <e)(ar("(( !=da8e$(i 8ár(a(Q&a 6'+$+n e'e<%i4 Ha'<"$; D+ne$# Ne<%e(*%i $%er%d+$e 14?1@29 @09 "'d910+n;$%erede((en +$ a'i) e'i(+'en a <a);ar"r$%á)i (*r&+n;(e'en$+?)ee(9 )+re(e( (e$% a% ár(a('an" rea!i'i(á'á$ára9



A% "r"$%" 'á(&án Rá"$i $%a!"(á'á$á(, e'a(ár"%%á >+'reá'?'Q(á$á(9 A% -D *%8"n(i &e%e($+)e j'i=$ 1@?21?i 6'+$+n >e'?<en(i Rá"$i(9 ); (Pni a% in(+%ed+$ 8e$(ie$en $%:'&a U$=8án 8der, i$%en =(:dá=' a <+) ná'a i$ r"$$%a!!, arr")án$ Ger Ern(

e';e%i a 8ár( +'+re9 Ai);e'e<re<+'(:# a*%8"n(i &e%e($+) (a)jai $"rá!a &á'a$%(ja -a);ar"r$%á) +$!!i:+rá( .ádár /án"$( +$ -ar"$án G;*r);*(, aie( <+) Rá"$i&a'rea!i'i(á'(a((a9 Raj Lá$%': +$ (ár$aina rea!i'i(á'á$a <ár Ger+re &ár, de $e< a8"djá e'9jra(e<e(+$+re -a);ar"r$%á) >ájda'<a$ );á$%ána +&>"rd=?':ján "(:!er ?án er6' $"r9Raj Lá$%': i&+)%+$e e'%<+n;eine e); >"n("$ r+$%'e(+(

U$a 1@?!en i$<ere((e <e) a 8"'i(ia irán( +rde'd na);*?%*n$+)9 E"r je'en( =);ani$ <e) "%$)a; I<re $%ere$%(+$+!en,a"' a $%ere$%(!i%"(($á) e'n*e# .á''ai G;='a &"'(9# E%er +&9ArU+8e a <a);ar (*r(+ne'e<!' UQia$ N+8>r"n(.iadá$a 1@Y9 A% a'á!!i Qrá$ e); r+$%e, a<e';e( S(ra$$enrei(er Er%$+!e( je);e% 4@1?40 "'da'"n i)enU$a <e)+rde<'i >i);e'?<6ne(9 <e#FRaj"( 6'6);<ini$%(err+ ine&e%+$e a'a'<á!:' a n;=?

)a(i j$á)Qr:na a% a<eriai, an)"' +$ >ranUia 6'6);?<ini$%(+ri=< <a);ar naUi"na'i$(a+n( <=(a((a !e9Raj"% *%*n'*((e a F<a);ar e<i)rán$", r+)i ar?U"$(ár$a, F!ará(" 6d&*%' 'e&e'ei, a<e';!en 8'9(r"Ui$(a !eá''Q("(($á)ára =(a': ada("ra e<'+e%(e9-in( a =(a(á$" =(:'a) iderQ(e((+ e%ee( a% );ne&e?%e(( in("iá': 6'de<+n;ee( a JIA <e)!Q%á$á!:' <inde); $%e<+'; >")a'<a%(a, $ e);e('en U+'j= &"'(# a Raj irán(i !i%a'<a('an$á) er$Q(+$e, >""%á$a, e''en$+)+n(&a': !eá''Q(á$a, F'e'e8'e%+$e9 Ha$"n': aUi:( indQ("((a V'adi<Qr J'e<en(i$ U$e$%'"&á 6'6);<ini$%(er e''en i$9A >""%a("$an ne<%e(*%i&+ (ere!+';e$ede(( F8i$%"$ a?Ui:!an > >i)=ra+n( &e(( r+$%( a 'en);e' (i("$$%"')á'a(a'e%rede$e L9 S_ia(':, ai 14?!en JIA 6);n* 'e((, $13 &+)+i), n;=)a(ra $%*+$+i) (e'je$Q(e((e <e)!Q%:ina



11=(a$Q(á$á(# &e);en r+$%( a "<<=ni$(a 8ár("!a !e>=ra?"d"(( F+<e, Fe''en$+)e >e'=(a(á$á!an +$ 'e'e8'e?%+$+!en9

E% ne< e&e$e!!e( je'en(, <in( "); a% a<eriai "r<án; a'e)&ada!!na <=(a("(( Fide)á!"r idej+n $e)Q(e((e Rá"$i +$<á$ .e'e(?E=r:8ai S%"&je(=ni:"% rende'( &a%a''=$ á''a<" <"$%"&i(a &e%e(ine e''en>e'ei( 'i&idá'ni9 -indenn+' j"!!an !i%"n;Q(ja, "); a% SA 6'$ re("riája e''en+re +rdee'( &"'( a);ar<a(i "<<=ni$(a "r<án;" e';%e(+ne <e)$%i'árdQ(á$+!ane%e =(án <ár ne< <arad U$"dá'"%á$ra "=n a% 1?"$ $%a? !ad$á)arU=n $%"&je( &+r!e>"j(á$ána e'(Pr+$+n, $( anna $6r?

)e(+$+n9 Ne a);j= a%"n!an >i);e'<en Q&6' <ár U$a +$!!i $%e?re8+re (ein(e((e' $e< "); Rá"$i <áj=$ 1@?i $%e<+';i ='(=$%?$%a' a8U$"'a("$ -D a(Q&a 6'+$+( *&e( n+án; na8 <'&a<áj=$ 22?+n ne< e&+$!+ >"n("$ e$e<+n;re er6' $"r9 A DISZXD"')"%: I>j$á) S%*&e($+)eY a 8ár( i>j$á)i $%er&e%e(e >ri$$ena'aQ("(( e(>i?*re <e)(ar("((a e'$ n;i'&án"$ 6'+$+(9 -+)8edi)a 8ár(irán;Q(á$á&a'9 7e'6);e'e(+( .i$$ .ár"'; a 8ár( *%8"n(i &e?

%e($+)+ne (a)ja &+)%i9 -a)á( a e(>i?*r( a%%a' a U+''a' "%(á '+(re, "); a 8ár( e''en%+i +r(e'<i$+)+ne >:r=<"( adjana a%$%in(e &+'e<+n; n;i'&ánQ(á$ára9 E% a%"n!an U$a a >edU+'ja&"'(9 A &a':di U+' +88en a% $%in(e +$ $%a!ad <e)n;i'&án='á$" r+&+n a 'a"$$á) 'e'iá''a8"(ána >e'%a'a(á$a, "';an &+'e<+n;e i8r"&"á'á$a, a<e';e a'a'<a$a 'ee(ne e); i$ Frá$e)Q(+$?$e' >a$i$%(a je''e)P 8r"8a)andára, re&i%i"ni%<=$ra, ra$$%i%<=$ra,an(i$%e<i(i%<=$ra9 E); $%:&a' <indarra, a<i( a !+e$%er%d+$ 49Uie (i'(ani rende'(9 Ha =);ani$ a <a);ar n+8 a%"a( <e)$%e)i, aS%"&je(=ni:na ai <ári$ <e)n;Q'i a j")a e >a$i$%(a $%er&e%d+$<inden e$%*%%e' &a': >e'$%á<"'á$ára9 H");an i$ <"nd"((aR""$e&e'(W FHa e'', a !++( er$%aa' i$ <e)&+dj69 -ár U$a a !++('en$+)e( e'' >e'$%Q(ani, a<e';e( Fer$%aa' e'' <e)&+de?ni9 E% e$e(!en 8edi) a $%"&je( U$a8a(" ("&á!!i á''"<á$"%(a(á$a,a <e)$%á''á$ i!&Q(+$e F(*r&+n;e$ ere(e( a8na9 E% 8edi) e);



$%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"'; $%á<ára ne< (*!! e); $%er&e%+$i );a?"r'a(ná'912E!!en "<"'; $%ere8 j=( R"<ániána9 A r"<án (i("$$%"'?

)á'a( <a);ar n;e'&en j:' !e$%+' 6);n*ei( na); $%á<!an d"!jaá( a <ár >"rr"n)á$!an '+& -a);ar"r$%á) (er6'e(+re9 E%e a j:'e'i)a%Q("(( e<!ere a%(án a <e)>e'e' e';een +$ <e)>e'e' id? !en ("r= $%aad(á!:' 6&*'(*((+ a%"a( a je'$%a&aa(, a<e';e aF>a$i%<=$ jjá+'ed+$+ne !i%"n;Q(+á=' $%"')á'(a XR=$%i a?%aM Le a %$id:a'M S(!9Y Ne< &"'( ne+% e je'$%a&a (erje$%(+$ea% "r"$%"a' +$ ÁVH?$ i$%"')á':ia' <ár ("ri) '+& $%e<+?';6!en, &a); U$a'ádj=!an <e)a'á%"((, <e)Qn%"(( <a);ar$á)

*r+!en9 A% "r"$% &e%e( e'+)ede((en d*r%$*'e((+ e%eie(9-inden 8"'i(iai $%6$+)'e(6 ie'+)6'( -a);ar"r$%á) <e)?$%á''&a (ar(á$á"%, $( anna i(erje$%(+$+e%9I(( a%"n!an !ár<i';en >ájda'<a$ i$ $%e<!e e'' n+%n6n an?na a "Uá%a(á&a', "); a% e<'Q(e(( <a);ar=' j:' !e$%+' 8r"&"?á("r" *%*(( e$e('e) n+án;an a% erd+';i <a);ar" *%6' i$r+$%( &ee((e9 Erre (er<+$%e(e$en $e<e'ede%e((

<e) ann;ira <a);ar <i&"'(ár:', ne<%e(i $%ere(e(+r', "); i';enU$á!Q(á$na en)ede(( &"'na9 E ne+% )"nd"'a( >e'<er6'+$+( ind=?á'a(ja a% a <ár >e'(ár( (+n;, "); a r"<án S%e=ra(+ X(i("$$%"'?)á'a(Y (a)jai *%*((, $( a% a'$:!! &e%e(+$+!en a% erd+';i <a);ar?$á) $%á<arán;áná' na);"!! '+($%á<!an &"'( <e)(a'á'a(:9 E%*n<a)á!an <+) ne< Q(+'e( e', i$%en a% er$%aa' e'$%aQ("((<a);ar$á) *n&+de'<e e); e''en$+)e$ *rn;e%e(!en er*'U$i <a?)a(ar(á$ána ne< e);$%er na);"n e<+n; 8r:!ája9 Ha &i$%"n( e6'*n*$ &á''a'"%á$a <a);ar (e$(&+rei, <+) iná!! e)+$% ne<%e(ee''en '+8 <P*d+$!e, !i%"n; a 'e)$';"$a!! !Pn e'*&e(+$+&e' +r >e'9 H"); &"'(?e i';en Fr+$%(&e& a%( a% erd+';i <a);ar$á)na e'' iderQ(enie9A $%a!ad &+'e<+n;n;i'&ánQ(á$ 'ee($+)e >=(:(P%+n( (erjed(a% "r$%á)!an, 8edi) a rádi: ne< i$ re'á<"%(a a);"n9 -+) &id+?r' i$ (:d='(a >e' <inda%", ai i aar(á *n(eni <a)=!:' e);



+&(i%ed <inden &*r*$ e$erP$+)+(9 A% e'ad:(ere< r*&ide$en$%Pne !i%"n;='(9 .i$$ .ár"'; +$ $e)+de# TánU%"$ Gá!"r iá!a$%=))erá'(á a <e)&i(a(and: (+<á *r+(, iá!a je'*'(+ i a% eU+'ra >e'+$%Q(e(( "%%á$%:':a(, a% 6'+$e &i(a(+<ái ne< &"'(a

+%!en (ar(a(:a9 A $%e''e<i'e) +$ >i%iai'a) <e)!án("(( ne<%e($8"n(án *$$%ej*(( +8&i$e'i 'e&e(e((+ <inden )á('á$=a(913A 8ár( r*&ide$en e'&e$%(e((e a e(>i?*r &i(ái >e'e((i e''enr?%+$+(9 A "ra!e'i );a"r'a(na <e)>e'e'en a "r<án; jni=$ 30?án !e(i'("((a a ("&á!!i 6'+$ee(9 E% a% in(+%ed+$ e);+!+n( ne< a&i(a e&+( Q&án(a 'eP(eni, ane< n+e'$%Q(á$á( +$ >a$i$%(a);an$ <eder!e (ere'+$+( U+'"%(a9

S%e8(e<!er 15?+n a% r:$%*&e($+) 6'+$+n <inden !i%"nn;a'a 8ár( 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$e $%"r)a'<a%á$ára i$<+( +'e$en !Qrá'já a a(a'"< ='(=r?8"'i(iájá(9 7=rU$a je'en$+) *&e(e%i9 Ae';e((,"); a% Qr: <e)rend$%a!á';"%á$ára aárU$a Q$+r'e(e( i$ (enn+?ne, iná!! i$<+( <e)n;i(já a +( +$ >+' :na88a' "rá!!an !e?(i'("(( e(>i?*r 6'+$ei(9Hr=$U$"& 'á(&án;"$ i!+6'$+( *&e(en a% e=r:8ai "<?<=ni$(a 8ár(" <a)a$ $%in(P de'e)áUi:i e);<á$na adjá a i'in?

U$e( a Ti(:"% (*r(+n %aránd"'a("n9 O(:!er ?+n !"')ár +$"'a$% 8ár(de'e)áUi: (e$%i <ari$(a (i$%(e'e(6e(, "(:!er 21?+nr"<án 8ár(de'e)áUi: +re%i Be')rád!a9 Ter<+$%e(e$en e $"r!:' a<a);ar"r$%á)i 8ár( $e< <arada( i9 O(:!er 1?22 *%*(( ane<r+) ine&e%e(( Ger Ern (ar(:%"di n+8e$ 8ár(6'd*(($+)+'+n a j=)"$%'á& >&ár"$!an9 A 6'd*(($+) (a)ja 'e$% .ádár /án"$,a Ti(: 'ánU"$ =(;ája+n( i&+)%e(( Raj Lá$%': ár=':ja i$9 Ha?$"n': *r6'<+n;e *%*(( ); )"nd"'"< e&e$en (=d(á &"'na*$$%ee);e%(e(ni e%( a% =(a%á$( 'e'ii$<ere(6e'9 .ádár 'e'6'e(ea%"n!an ); (Pni a 'e)i$e!! %a'a("(($á)"( $e< <=(a((a9 G;a?n$na (Pni, "); +88en a /=)"$%'á&iá!a?'á(")a(: 8ár(de'e)áUi:=(a%á$a e'(( +( na88a', "(:!er 13?án &i$$%aadjá Na); I<re 8ár((a)$á)á(9 edi) a% "r$%á)!an e);re >e$%6'(e!!+ 8r"&"á'(an)='a( erre ne< i)en n;j( '")iai a'a8"(9 Ha U$a a%( ne<,"); &ára(:an Na); I<r+( i$<+( e' e'' %ni a 8"'i(iai (a'"n?



!:'9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a $%a!ad<P&e$ &e%e(+$ *%*(( &i(a<er6'( >e', "); -a);ar"r$%á) ("&á!!i i(erje$%(e(( a("nai <e)?$%á''á$á"% e'e)end +$ a'a'<a$ +r&?e a% e U+'!:' '+(re"%"((Var$:i S%er%d+$W T*!!en =);ani$ a%( an)"%(a((á, "); a <"?

de''+n( $%ere8' NATO $e< (ar(ja <e)$%á''&a (a)"r$%á)ai(, 'e)?>e'je!! >i%e(e(( (á<a$%8"n("a( (ar( >enn raj(= na);"n a'aU$"n;'+($%á< $%a$%e<+';%e((e'9E); >"rrada'"<, &a); 'e)a'á!! e); na); '+($%á< de<"n$(?ráUi: >a$i$%(a je''e)P *&e(e'+$ee' "dái) 7""%a(:, "); a% a>a$i%<=$ &i$$%a(+r+$+ne 'á($%a(á( e'(e(i9 E%((a' a <a);ar a'a(14>"rr:>ejP$+)+( i$ !e'ea'='á'(á (er&6!e9 E% a <e)"'dá$ =);an a

'e)ind"'en$e!! );ar<a(i i)á!a >")"(( ne<%e( e$e(+!en i$ i8r"&"?á'a(:, a <a);ar" e$e(+!en 8edi) e);$%erPen );erejá(+9 Hi?$%en a% "r$%á)"( +88en %$id: <e$(ered+$ r+&+n á!"r!a rán)a(:ide)ene <"$( $%"&je( "''a!"rán$+n( 6'ne a ne<%e( n;aán +$e);e('en $an;ar)a(á$$a' !6n(e(i a% á'(a'= $=)a''(, á!"r$ U$e?'e<+n;ei 6r6);+n9 Vaj"n <e';i ne<%e( 'e(( &"'na +8e$ i';en 8r"&"áUi:na a$"n': *r6'<+n;e *%*(( e''ená''niWBár e'$ e';en a 'a"$$á) ne<%e(i +r%+$+!en &a': <e)!án(á?

$a &á'("((a i a% "r$%á) >e'á!"r"dá$á(, de je'en($ (+n;e%+n($%ere8e'( a )a%da$á) $ira'<a$ e';%e(e i$9 -Q) a rádi:!an a%( a'?'"((a, a% j$á)"!an a%( "'&a$(a, "); a% +'e($%Qn&"na' <enn;i(e<e'ede(( a á!"r e'((i =("'$: !+e+&e% +8e$(, $ e%( 'á(&á?n;"$ )ra>i"n"a', $(a(i$%(iáa' i''=$%(rá'(á9 A !"'(!an "$$%idei) je);re ad(á a $( +$ a en;ere(9 A je);rend$%er >e'"'dá$á(*&e(en 8edi) a% 6%'e(e!en a'i) 'ee(e(( +'e'<i$%er( a8ni9 AU$a'ád &a'a<e'; (a)ja U$a e)+$%na8i $"r!an á''á$$a' (=d"(( a na?);"n $%e)+n;e$ <e)+'e(+$e% "';an $i'án; +'e'<i$%er( &á$ár"'ni#a<e';+r( <+) a á!"r a'a(( $e< ad"(( &"'na 8+n%(9 T*r(+n( <ind?e% a% e);"r <e%)a%da$á)ár:' +$ +'e'<i$%eri8arár:' Qre$ -a?);ar"r$%á)"n9 Erre 8edi) <indeni e<'+e%e((, i$%en a%:(a <+)e); ne<%ed+ $e< n(( >e', ai >+'re&e%e(e( 'e(( &"'na9E); <ajdan e'>"j(and: !++('en$+) >e'$%Q(á$ára (eá( a &a?%a''=$" ("&á!!i i%$á<án;"'a(:$á)a +rde+!en i$ $%6$+)



&"'(, <i&e' a )a%da$á)i <+) iná!! a% +'e($%Qn&"na'!e'i á''a8"(" ne< &"'(a j"!!a a (*!!i j );ar<a( e$e(+!en $e<9 A% +'e($%Qn?&"na' $e"' $e< +r(e e' <+) a á!"r 'e)nee%e!! +&eine <+r(+?+( $e<9 A <e%)a%da$á)i (er<e'$%*&e(e%e(e er'(e(e(( $%er?

&e%+$e *&e(e%(+!en -a);ar"r$%á)"n ai a á!"r e'(( +$a'a(( a >+' E=r:8á( e''á((a )a!"ná&a' +$ $$a' ne<U$a 1? !an, de <+) 10?!an i$ i<8"r(á'(a a en;+r)a!"ná( +$ a% ar)en?(in >a);a$%("(( <ara$(9A $%a!ad<P&e$ $%"&je( (er&e% )"nd"'a(á!an :a(a('an='>e'<er6'( e); dra$%(i=$ <e)"'dá$ $%6$+)e$$+)e9 Tar(ani 'ee(e((=);ani$ a((:', "); a .e'e(?E=r:8ai &a%a''=$ á''a<" e'!!?=(:!!e);$+)e$ >e''+8+$re $%ánjá e' <a)=a(9 A $%"&je( ader =);an

+8e$ 'enne <+) e);idejP >e'e'+$6 'e&er+$+re i$, de e% na);"n1r"$$% >+n;( &e(ne a a8i(a'i$(a );ar<a(" >e'$%a!adQ(á$án !=%):'?"d: S%"&je(=ni:ra9E!!+'i (e&+en;$+)+( a'a8"$an <e)nee%Q(en+, a =);an 'e?e(e('enn+ ne< (enn+9 E!!en 8edi) ne<U$a a S%"&je(=ni: +rde?ei er6'n+ne &e$%+';!e, ane< $"a' na);"!! $'';a' a%E);e$6'( á''a<"+ i$9 Hi$%en a );ar<a(" jra >e'"$%(á$ána <+)

na);"n a% e'ej+n (ar(ana9 Eddi) );$%:'&án U$a 7ranUia"r$%á)(á&"'e'ed !ir("ain jár( $ierre' a $%"Uia'i$(a !aje&er+$, de (e'je$<e)$%er%+$6 <+) i(( i$ á(ra &an9A S%"&je(=ni: a("nai erej+( <e) e'' Q<+'ni a((:', "); a%e'"<<=ni%á'á$ a'a(( '+& );ar<a(ain >"';a<a("$an je'en(e%e''en$%e)6'+$eine e'>"j(á$ára >"r)áU$"'já9 Iná!! i e'' &á?'a$%(ani e);ie( +$ e're((en( 8+'da+n( e);e('en6' <e)!6n(e(ni9E% "$$% idre ed&+( >")ja $%e)ni a (*!!iene i$ a S%"&je(=ni?:&a' &a': $%e<!en á''á$(:'9-+) a8:ra i$ j*(( a S%"&je(=ni:na a -a);ar"r$%á))a' *?(*(( !+e$%er%d+$ U$a8a(i&"ná$i *(e'e%e(($+))e' a8U$"'a("$ !"n;"da'"<9 -a);ar"r$%á) <e)'eU+%(e(+$+&e' a $%"&je( 8"'i(i?ai &e%e(+$ +( 'e);e( i$ 6(e( e); U$a8á$ra9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e''en&e(+$+(' ne< e'' (ar(ani, i$%en a% e=r:8ai $(a(=$ [=">enn(ar(á$a $"a' iná!! +rde+!en á'', <in( <a)ána a S%"&je(?



=ni:na9 Enne 'á(&án;"$ 8+'dájá( adja <ajd Hr=$U$"& <e)!=?(a(á$a, ai a S%"&je(=ni: +rde+!en Q&án( &á'("%(a(ni raj(a N+?<e("r$%á))a' a8U$"'a(!an91

A NAG ROVO.ÁJIC SI.ERREL /ÁR, A7ORRADALO- .ITÖR -ia'a(( Ger Ern +$ (ár$ai Ti(: e'(( e$dee'ne $%"Uia'i$(a !Pnei !"U$ána(á+r(, 'á(&án;"$ >"rd='a("( (e$% a 'en);e' $%a? !ad<P&e$ &a%a''=$ "r<án; i$9 Na); $%á< 8"'i(iai e'i(+'(&i$$%aa8ja $%a!ad$á)á(9 .*%(6 a 'en);e' .ádár /án"$, &a);i$G"<='a i$9 -in(a U$a a *&e(end 8+'dá( <=(a(ná a <a);ar" $%á<ára, "(:!er 1?+n a 'en);e' "<<=ni$(a 8ár( *%8"n(i !i?

%"(($á)ána (a)já&á a&a(já9 N+án; na8 <'&a, "(:!er 2?+nX'ee(, "); e%((a' a <a);ar e$e<+n;e i$ $e)Q(e((eY <ini$%(er?e'n*+ i$ ine&e%i9 E%%e' e);id!en &á'(já 'e Ger Ern(, $e';+re .ádár /án"$( 6'(e(i9A% "(:!er 23?án Be')rád!:' a%a+re% Ger?>+'e de'e)áUi:a%"nna' *$$%eQ&ja a 8ár( 'e)>!! (e$(6'e(+( a 8"'i(iai !i%"(($á)"(,"); F<+r'e)e'je a (i("$ 8r"&"á("rai á'(a' '+(re"%"(( e';%e(e(9Re))e' a "rá!!i na8"na <e)>e'e'en a !=da8e$(i e';%e(

=);an >e$%6'(ne &"'( <"nda(:, de e); d+'=(áni (6n(e(+$r' $%:$e< e$e((9 Le)a'á!!i$ addi), a<Q) ir"$ Lá$%': !e'6);<ini$%(er *%'e<+n;e !e ne< (i'("(( <inden>aj(a (6n(e(+$(9 Enne 6r6);+na% e);e(ej$á) *%+ !e+8Q(e(( (i("$ 6);n** (6n(e(+$re 8r"&"á'(á a% e);e(e<i$(áa(9 -"$( <ár U$a a%+r( i$ (6n(e(niaar(9 A% e!+d =(án <e)ind='( );6'ee%+$ 'á((án ir"$ Lá$%': +$(anáU$ad:i ide)e$$+)e( $%Qn'e'&e d+'=(án >+' ár"<"r &i$$%a&"n(aa (6n(e(+$i (i'a'<a(9 E% <+) ("&á!! n*&e'(e a% =(Uára &"n=': (*?<e)+(9 -"$( <ár ne<U$a a% e);e(e<i$(á, ane< a d+'e'((i<=náj=a( !e>eje% <=ná$" i$ );6'ee%(e9 A (i("$ 8r"&"?á("r" $%in(en <inden U$"8"r("$='á$!an F+8&i$e'(e((+ <a)=?a(9A rádi: (*!! Q%!en i$ !eje'en(e((e, "); Ger Ern 20 :ra"r rádi:!e$%+d!en (áj+"%(a(ja a 'a"$$á)"( !e')rádi (j= ered<+?n;+r' +$ a% á'(a'án"$ 8"'i(iai e';%e(('9 E%( a''&a a Be<?(+ren



);6'ee% (*<e) n;i'&án a <e)>e'e' an)ad: (anáU$ára !+?+$en á($+(á'( a rádi: +86'e(+e%, "); "(( a'')a$$a <e) Ger(9E% a'a(( 'á(a(a('an e%e <=nája n;"<án a% =(Uára &"n='( (*?<e) :rár:'?:rára n*&eede((9 A rádi: +86'e(e e'(( ("'"n): (*?

15<e)!', a <ár e're >e'(6%e'( e);e(e<i$(á *%6' n+án;an *&e?(e'ni e%d(+ e); á'(a'= &a); i (=dja, +$%Q(e(( 1 8"n(!:'á'': *&e(e'+$ !e"'&a$á$á( a rádi:!a9 -e)e%dd*(( a% i';en"r $%"á$"$ a'=d"%á$9A rádi: &e%e(i <=(a((a n+<i aj'and:$á)"( e 8"n(" *%?&e(Q(+$+r e);e( i&+&e9 E% 8edi) a $%"&je( <e)$%á'': U$a8a(" i?&"ná$ára &"na("%"((, a<e';ne a% "$%(rá á''a<$%er%d+$ <e)?

*(+$+( *&e(en <ár e); +&e <e) e''e(( &"'na (*r(+nnie9 BeneVa'+ria, a rádi: =);anU$a %$id: i)a%)a(:ja a% id%á$ *%!ener$Q(+$( +r( a% ÁVH *%8"n(já(:'9 A (*<e) &á'("%a('an=' !++$?ne &"'( <"nda(:9 ); a% ÁVH?$ er$Q(+$ $%in(e a $%e<6 'á((ára$%i&ár)"(( !e a rádi: +86'e(+!e9 A% a'=d"%á$ e'%:dá$a <ia(( a(*<e) ide)e$$+)e >""%:d"(( a an)='a( e);re j"!!an >e'"r!á?U$"':d"((9 .*%!en Qre +re%e((, "); (6n(e( <=ná$" e); r+$%e'ed*n(*((e a D:%$a G;*r); ("n '+& S%(á'in $%"!r"(9 I';en >e'?

%a'a("(( á''a8"(!an a'')a((a <e) a% a!'a"!a i(e(( rádi: (jána <á( irán;Q(a(a('anná &á'( (*<e) Ger j:' id%Q(e(( rendQ&6' ar?r")án$ !e$%+d+(9 -ái) $e< &i(a(ja $eni, "); e% a Ger?!e$%+d$%ánd+"$ 8r"&"áUi: &"'(9 E' i$ +r(e i(er&e'( U+'já(9 A (*<e)<e)r"a<"%(a a rádi: +86'e(+(9 A rádi:( &+d ÁVO?$" a (*<e)? !e '((e9 -i&e' a '*&+$e an)ja na);"!! (á&"'$á)!:' i$ a''a(:&"'(, a $%"'idari(á$ <e)er$*d*((9 Ha(a'<a$ e<!er(*<e) (:d='( arádi: +86'e(e >e'+9J$"dá'a("$ <:d"n a >e'(6%e'( (*<e) e'+8e$%( );"r$a$á))a'>e);&ere% j=("((9 A .ádárn+ r""n$á)á"% (ar("%: dr9 Ta<á$aL:ránd Qrja# $ajá( $%e<+&e' 'á((a, "); "(:!er 23?án e$(e @ +$ :ra *%*(( a -adáU *r("n + rendr* ."8áU$i Sánd"r >a? 8i(án; =(a$Q(á$ára >e);&eree( "$%(")a((a a (6n(e(ne9 0 É$ á(e% i$# <in( <inden >e);&ere$ "n>'i(=$ F); e%dd*((, ");&i$$%a'((e9 A% *'6!e =''"(( >e);&eree' a >"rrada'<ár" 24?



+n re))e' <ár e' i$ >")'a'(á a rádi: +86'e(+( +$ a $(di:(9A% "(:!er 239 d+'=(áni (*<e)(6n(e(+$ idej+n Na); I<re +$ a 8ár(&e%e(+$ *%*(( &a'a+'re+r(+$ e'e(e%e((, -inden !i%"n;?n;a' (i("$ e'%e(e$ e);e%(e(+$ (*r(+ne(e((, a<enn;i!en a i8r"?

&"á'( e$e<+n;e $%6$+)e$$+ (e$%i, <ini$%(ere'n*+n( i$<+(rin)!e e'' $%á''nia9 Na); I<re "(("n a rádi: adá$ai!:' Q$+r(e >i?0 H=nnia UQ"';:ira( 149 "(:!eri# FÖ($%á% )ra<< 8rá)ai $"na U9 Uie91@);e'e<<e' a e';%e( a'a='á$á(9 E$(e 5 +$ @ :ra *%*(( ); +re%(e,e'j*(( $%Qnre'+8+$+ne ideje, $ );a'") e'ind='( a 8ar'a<en(!e9 E'?ind='á$a =(án ne< $"a' <ár Q&(á i$ (e'e>"n"n a 8ár(*%8"n(? !:'9 Na); I<re $%er+n;$+)e <ia(( e%((a' ne< j*(( '+(re a *%&e(?

'en a8U$"'a(9A 8ar'a<en(!e +r&e e% a (Q% na8ja 8ár(!a &i$$%a&e(( <inden 8ár(? +$ "r<án;%a(i >=nUi: n+'6'i Na); I<re >")ja <a)á(, i?<e); a% e);i er+';re !e$%+'ni e%d a% e"r <ár (*!! $%á%e%er?re n(( (*<e)e%9 Na); I<re a >"rrada'"< a'a(( <ind&+)i) >e);e'<e%e(( "<?<=ni$(a+n( &i$e'ede((9 A i8r"&"á'( $%a!ad$á)arU ne<%e(iU+'jai&a' e);e('en 8erUi) $e< a%"n"$='(9 Be$%+d+( <+) e!!en a

>e'i%%"(( an)='a(!an i$ Fe'&(ár$aM <e)$%:'Q(á$$a' e%di9 A (*?<e) a%"n!an rendre =(a$Q("((a# FNe< &a);=n e'>")á$a, <i$%erin( a U+' +rde+!en, a e'' a% *rd*))e' i$Ui<!"rá', e%en á($e)Q(e((e9 A% e!!en a e';%e(!en $e<<ire $e< j:<"nd:ája !e>eje%+$e =(án, <in( ai e'&+)e%(e 8ár(>e'ada(á( á($+?(á'( a <in(e); $%á% <+(erre '+& aad+<ia =(Uai 8ár(*%8"n(!a9-+)8edi) e);ene$en Ger d"')"%:$%"!ájá!a, a"' >árad(an r"?);"(( 'e a% e);i >"(e'!e9 A% id8"n( ne< $"a' a Ger?!e$%+de'an)%á$a =(án 'ee(e((, <er( Na); I<re a "ra!e'i >e'je);%+$e $%erin( i%)a("(( (anáU$"%á$ *%!en +re%i9 Ger +88en arr:'i);e$%i <e));%ni a je'en'e&e(, "); a rend e';reá''Q(á$á?"% $%6$+) &an a $%"&je( U$a8a(" $e)Q($+)+re9 -i*%!en R+&a;/:%$e> $%in(e >"';a<a("$an, 'á($%:'a) *nQ&6'e(i á''a8"(!an riá?U$"'&a *&e(e'i Ger(', "); '*&e$$en a (*<e)re9



Arr:' e);e('en $%: $e< e$i, "); a (*<e)e( &a'aa$i$%(a je''e)Pne de'ará'a(: er$%a"$ >e''+8+$e9 A

(*<e) *%+ 8edi) ne< a 8ár(*%8"n(!:' e'' '*&e(ni, ane< "';ane';r', a<e';e( a (*<e) i8r"&"á'( (á<adá$a +r9 Erre Ger+ a$%6$+)e$ in(+%ed+$ee( <ár "rá!!an <e)(e((+9A $%"&je( $e)Q($+) +r+$+re &"na("%: Ger >e'&e(+$e a &á?'a$% (e'je$ e);e(+r(+$ &"'(9 E''en&+'e<+n;( $eni $e< n;i'&ánQ("((9 Na); I<re $e<9 Bár i$<+(e'j6, erre Na); I<r+ne a!!an a 8i''a?na(!an $e<+'e i&a(a'"$ "<8e(enUiája ne< i$ &"'(9 A% a (+n;,1

"); e%en a na);"n >"n("$ rendQ&6'i 6'+$en <e)(Pr(+, *n<a)á? !an i$ !i%"n;Q(ja a >"rrada'"< i8r"&"á'á$á!a &a': !ea&a("(($á?)á(9.+8%e'j6 U$a e', a <er &+'e('en6' erre a% 6'+$re !en;i("((&"'na e);, a 8ár(!:' j"!!"'da'i e'aj'á$+r( i%ár(, <ajd (Q% na8ja&i$$%a&e(( U$e8e'i <=ná$, án; 'á!!a' r)já i "nnanWA je'en'e& e);$+)e$ +$ $%i'árd e'a(ár"%"(($á)ára (ein(e(?(e' Ger (e'e>"n"n Q&ja >e' Andr"8"&"(, a S%"&je(=ni: !=da8e$(i

na);*&e(+( +$ +r(e a $%"&je( U$a8a(" !e&e(+$+( a (6n(e( e''en9Andr"8"& a% e'%e(e$ dire(Q&ána <e)>e'e'en arra +$%$+)e$?ne <=(a("%"((, de >e'(+(e'+n( $%a!(a a -ini$%(er(anáU$ +$ a 8ár(*%8"n(i &e%e($+)e je'en'+& (a)jaina <e)+rde%+$+( +$ "%%á? jár='á$á(9 E ne&e($+)e$ >"r<a'i(á$"ra, $( <+) Ger (e'e>"n+r+?$+re $e< &"'( $e<e+r&árr:' <ár (!an &"'?(a B=da8e$( >e'+, ai e!!en a% id!en <inden &a':$%QnP$+) $%e?rin( <ár <e) i$ +re%(e9T;i"n"& a'(á!"rna); a H"n&+de'e'Q&ja An("n"& ad$ere)(á!"rn""(, a Var$:i S%er%d+$&e%+rari >n*+( +$ en)ed+';( +r a <+) i $e< r"!!an( e''en>"r?rada'"< 'e&er+$+re, enne &+)reaj(á$á"% a $%+e$>e+r&ári )+?



8e$Q(e(( ad(e$( B=da8e$(re &a': rende'+$+re9 T;i"n"& anna rendje?<:dja $%erin( a% en)ed+';( <e) i$ a8ja, 8edi) a >"rrada'?<a( *%&e('en6' i&á'(: Ger?!e$%+d <ajd U$a 20 :ra"r e%d?di9

T;i"n"& (eá( <ár d+'=(án a !++$ (6n(e(+$e idej+n (=dni&+'i, "); B=da8e$(en e''en>"rrada'"< 'e$%, a<e'';e' a -a);ar H"n&+d$+) +8(e'en <e)!ir:%ni, (eá( $%6$+)e$ a $%"&je( a("?nai er !e&e(+$e9-+)i$ a%( e'' <"ndj= T;i"n"& &a'a")&a <+)+$'eede(( i$, i$%en Erd+';!' <ár "(:!er 20?án e'ind='(a a$%"&je( a("nai e);$+)e a <a);ar a(ár >e'+9-inde!!' arra i$ *&e(e%(e(ni 'ee(, "); a >"rrada'"< i?

(*r+$+ne id8"n(ja "(:!er 23?a <in( D?na8 a% e'%e(e$ (er&e? !en e're i &"'( je'*'&e910Erre =(a' a "n&+de'&ár"$ 'e)>"n("$a!! "!je(=<aina &+de'<e U+'já!:' a &ára(: e''en>"rrada'"<ra9A 8""' (eá( 23?án +j$%aa e'$%a!ad='(9 A rádi: e'>")'a'á$á?

&a' adá$!a er6'( a% e);e(e<i$(á á'(a' *&e(e'( 1 8"n(9 -ajdU$ane< <inden j"nnan a'a='( U$"8"r( ad"(( i 6'*n!*% $%á?< 8"n("!a $PrQ(e(( *&e(e'+$(9 E%e a% 1@4@9 <árUi=$ 1?i >"r?rada'"< =(án%a(ai &+)$ $"r"n <á$?<á$ <e)>")a'<a%á$!an=);ana%( *&e(e'(+9 Va'a<enn;ien a 'e)>"n("$a!!na a $%"&je(<e)$%á''á$ <e)$%6n(e(+$+( (ar("((á9 A 8r"&"á("r" 'e)na);"!!er>e$%Q(+$+re $e< $ier6'( );ne&e%e(( >a$i$%(a re$(a=ráUi:$ *?&e(e'+$ee( !e'eU$e<8+$%ni e%e!e a ne<%e(i +r%+$(' >P(*(( a(á?r"%a("!a9 Enne 'e(( a *&e(e%<+n;e, "); +$!! <a)= a 8r"&"á("r" +$%Q(e((e i';enee(9 A >"rrada'"< $%i(á$á!a !e?a&a("(( e'&(ár$a >a$i$%(ána <"nda(: je'$%a&aa', an(i$%e<i(a>e'ira(" >irá'á$á&a' I);ee%(e a% e$e<+n;ee( "';an irán;!a (e?re'ni, a<e'; a $%"&je( !ea&a("%á$ Fj")"$$á)á( i)a%"'a(já9 A%an(i$%e<i(a je'$%a&aa( $%in(e i&+(e' n+'6' %$id: >irá'(á9 S%a? !: R:!er( e<'Q( e); <e)<"$"';")ni &a':(, a<e'; &a'a<e'; %$id:



á%a >a'án &"'( 'á(a(:# FIUi)M -"$( ne< j=($% e' A=$U_i(%i)M9 Aá% )a%dája ne< &a':$%QnP, "); e >irá(:' <e)ijed&e a%(ándi$$%idá'(9 1 A 8r"&"á("r" er>e$%Q(+$eine <á$i U+'8"n(ja a"r(;$(a a("na(i$%(e, &"'( U$endr*, n;i'a$" >"rrada'"<!an

&a': r+$%&+(e'+ne !i%"n;)a(á$a9 edi) +88en &"'(a a%",ai >e);e'<e%e((en (á&"' (ar("((á <a)=a( a 'á(&án;"$ +$ e&+$? !+ 'á(&án;"$ >"rrada'e'<+r? j+ a 2@0 <i''i:$ S%"&je(=ni:&a' &a': >"rrada'<i <+r%+$ e$+?';ei(9A $%"&je( U$a8a(" !ea&a("%á$ána F<e)rende'+$e =(án,a<e'; a !"'$e&i$(a a(a'"< <e)<en(+$e +rde+!en (*r(+n(, a 8ár(

*%8"n(i &e%e($+)e Ger d"')"%:$%"!ájá!an F<=ná"% 'á(a?("((9 -e) e'' a%"n!an je);e%n6n, $e< a 8ár(, $e< a "<<=?ni$(a á''a< a(a'<a e);e('en 8erUre $e< er6'( &e$%+';!e9 A (6n?(e( (*<e) $e< a% aad+<ia =(Uai 8ár(*%8"n(, $e< a 8ar'a<en(1 S%a!: R:!er(# A "<<=ni$(a 8ár( +$ a %$id:$á) 229 "'d911e''en er$%aa' ne< '+8e(( >e', !ár $%á<arán;áná' >")&a, $( a%e$(i :rá!an <ár >e);&eree' i$ rende'e%&e e%( 6'*n*$e!!

"Uá%a( n+'6' <e)(ee((+ &"'na9A 8ár(*%8"n( "(:!er 23?a +j$%aájána 8"n("$ +$ r+$%'e(e$e$e<+n;ei a <ai na8i) $e< i$<er(e9 edi) e%((a' a% ne< U$a a 8ár(, ane< a% á''a<a(a'"< $%Qn(er+( i$ je'en(e((e9 He)edP$ And?rá$ &"'( <ini$%(ere'n* e<'+ira(ai!:' ann;i( (=d=n, "); a 8ár(*%8"n(i &e%e($+)+( e$(e (Q% :rára Q&(á *$$%e, a<e'; n+'6'*%(ea a(ár"%a(+8e$$+)e(9 Enne e''en+re Ger ja&a$'a(ára d*n(ene Na); I<re <ini$%(ere'n*i ine&e%+$+r'9 H"); He)edP$ Andrá$('e&á'("((á, ir)(á, &a); <"nd"(( 'e Xe% =(:!!i a "<<=ni$(aa(a'<a e$e(+!en ne< &"'( $%"á$Y, <e)!Q%a(: +r(e$6'+$ a <aina8i) $e< er6'( 8=!'iá'á$ra9 Aár"); i$ &"'(, <+) a $%"Uia'i$(a(*r&+n;i ere(ee' i$ e''ene%e((, i$% >"r<á'i$ >e'<en(+$+( U$a?);, <in( =(:da <e)&á'a$%(á$á( a 8ar'a<en(ne e''e(( j:&áa);?nia9 -+) $6r)$ e$e(!en i$ a<e'; ne< á''( >enn 'e)a'á!! a%e'n*i (anáU$na e''e(( &"'na <inde%( $%en(e$Q(enie, de a%" $e<



&"'(a a(ár"%a(+8e$ '+($%á<!an je'en9A Na); I<re $%e<+';+&e' a "rá!!an (*r(+n(e =(án i$$++r(e(e('en 'enne a% a <a)a(ar(á$a, "); Ger >e'+r+$+( a%"nna'+$ <inden >e'(+(e' n+'6' e'>")adja9

E!!en a ri(i=$, *&e(e%<+n;ei( i ne< $%á<Q(a(: e';?%e(!en ne<U$a a% i(("ni <e)!Q%: >e'+, ane< $"a' iná!! a$%"&je( P!+rr >e'+ e''e(( &"'na <e)>")a'<a%ni a%"a( a >e'(+?(e'ee(, a<e';e ián;a &+)6' i$ +'e(+!e er6'(9 A !e'8"'i(iaie';%e(, a<e'; r""n &"'( a (*!!i &a%a''=$ á''a< e';%e(+&e', e%(na);"n i$ ind""'(a9 A%( >e' $e< (+(e'e%%6, "); Na); I<re"';an nai& 'e(( &"'na, "); aár &+)%e(e$ *&e(e%<+n;ee' i$ne $%á<"'( &"'na9

.ere$&e $e< (a'á'=n rá <á$ <a);ará%a("(, <in( $%a!ad?<P&e$ <i&"'(á(, a<e';ne >e);e'<e ne< en)ed(e <e) a e';?%e( <+r'e)e'+$+(, 8'áne ne< <e)(a)adá$á(9 -inde!!' e);+r(e'?<P&+ &á'i, "); a S%"&je(=ni: &a%a''=$ai irán;Q(á$ára $%a!ad?<P&e$ 8á"';"a( á''Q("((, a<e'';e' e'er6'e((e a%" !"(rán;"$("r%$a'"dá$ai(9 ); (Pni a%"n!an +$!! e); a'a'"<<a' Na);I<re <+)i$ <e)er6'i a% en)ede'<e$$+)e(, a<i"r n+án; na8<'&a Andr"8"& +$ Ger arra +ri =(:'a) Qrja a'á a $%"&je( !e?

a&a("%á$( +r "ira("( Na); I<re a (er<+$%e(e$ '")ia a'a8ján12e%( j"))a' (a)ada((a <e), i$%en e!!en a% id!en <+) ne< &"'($e< (*r&+n;e$en, de <+) an+'6' $e< a% "r$%á) &a%a''=$ <ini$%?(ere'n*e9 A $%a!ad<P&e$ '")ia a%"n!an <á$M O(( e);e('en 8á"';(a) $e< <+r'e)e'e(i a a8"(( =(a$Q(á$ j")$%erP$+)+(9E >=rU$a$á)" *%+ $"r"'a(j= Na); I<re nee%en +r(e(&i$e'ed+$+(, <i$%erin( <ini$%(ere'n*i >e'+r+$e"r <+) U$a a !="(( "r<án; e);e('en (a)jána e'(á&"'Q(á$á( $e< e%de<+?n;e%(e9 );ana"r e);e('en Q&+( <=na(ár$á( $e< !Q%%a <e)$e<+'e >e'ada((a', <=nája $e)Q(+$+re9 A 6'*n*$ e';%e(!en<+) a%( i$ +($+)!e e'' &"nn=n, "); Na); I<re <ini$%(ere'?n*ne &"'(?e (ein(e( e);á'(a'án, i$%en a <ini$%(ere'n*i e$?6( $e< (e((e 'e9 Erre <ajd U$a a% "(:!er 2@?i "r<án;á(a'aQ?(á$( *&e(en er6' $"r9 H"); <i+r( (ein(e((e <a)a <a)á( 24?+n



re))e'(' <+)i$ <ini$%(ere'n*neW J$a a% e'!!i ">ej(+$$e'<a);ará%a(:9 Hi$%en (=dj= 24?+n re))e'(' e!!en a <in$+)+? !en in(+%edi, n;i'a("%i9 Va);i$ e'>")ad(a a a(ár"%a(+8(e'en 8ár("'i)arUia i$e!!$+)e +(e$ <e)!Q%á$á(9

A% "(:!er 24?i +j$%aa <edd &i(ái *%!en Na); I<re >"(e?'+!en 6'&e e'a'=d(9 A &i(a +$ (er&e%)e(+$ a%"n!an ("&á!! >"';(9 S(<+) in(+%edne i$9 ); He)edP$ Andrá$ a <ini$%(er(anáU$ ne&+? !en ijárá$i (i'a'<a( rende' e'9 A<i"r Na); I<re >e'+!red +$ (á? j+"%(a((á He)edP$ in(+%ed+$+r' a ('e $%"a('an er+';e$$+))e'*&e(e'i a ijárá$i (i'a'"< a%"nna'i &i$$%a&"ná$á(9 .+(+r(e'")a(: ); i$, "); Na); I<re ne< Q&án(a <+)<e)á''Q(ani a >"rrada'"';a<a("(, i$% a% <+) ne< +r(e e' a

F>a$i%<=$ &i$$%a(+r+$+ne 'á(a(: &e$%+';+(9 );ana"r i aar(%árni <inden "';an 'ee($+)e(, "); ( <e)er6'&e, &a); e);?$%erPen a ne&+!en !ári i$ rende'e%%+9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a%a&ar"$ e';%e(!en ne<U$a a $ajá(, de a 8ár( e%+!' i$ iU$$%?a( a% e$e<+n;e irán;Q(á$a9 Na); I<re <inden n;i'a("%a(a, a<e';e( 24?2@?a *%*(( (e$%,(e'je$ $%inr"n!an &an a 8ár(&e%e(+$ e'+8%e'+$ei&e'9 .er(e'+$ n+'?6' ije'en(i, "); ne< a%"n"$=' a ne<%e(i >e'e'+$ U+'jai&a'9 A%

e);re j"!!an !&6' $%a!ad$á)arU"( e);+r(e'<Pen e''en>"rra?da'"<na ne&e%i9 A 24?+n e'<"nd"(( rádi:!e$%+d+!en ind='a("$,<"nda(nán )"r"<!a an)"n "$("r"%%a a >e);&ere$ e''en>"rra?da'<ár"a(9 ); (Pni (e'je$ <+r(+!en <e) &an );%d&e, ");a $ajá( $%e<+&e' i$ 'á("(( >e);&ere$ >e'e' i&+(e' n+'6' &"'(13U$endr*!', a("na(i$%(e!', n;i'a$"!:', ='á"!:' +$ '=<? 8en e'e<e!' &á'(a $%er&e%e(( U$"8"r("á9-á$na8 2?+n !=da8e$(i +$ &id+i >"rrada'e' a 8ar'a<en(!en +$ a 8ár(*%8"n(!an9 Bár e&e$en j=(na !e "%%á, de ai <+)i$, U$a':d&a +n;(e'ene (á&"%ni9A $%a!ad$á)arU >ej'e<+n;ei a >"rrada'<ár" >e'6);e'(e rá?di: $e)Q($+)+&e' (er<+$%e(e$en e'j=(na 6'>*'dre i$9 N+<e("r$%á)(er6'e(+n +( A<eria á'(a' >inan$%Qr"%"(( +$ e<+n;en >e'6);e'(<a);ar n;e'&P <P$"r( i$ $=)ár%: rádi:ad: <P*di9 );<in( a



S%a!ad E=r:8a Rádi:, a<e'; U$a a ne&+!en &"'( $%a!ad, i$%en a<P$"r$%ere$%(+$( a<eriai Uen%"r e''enri%(e9 Err' <a)a< i$<e));%d(e<, a<i"r a "<<=ni$(a rend$%er a):niája idej+nB=da8e$(en i$ n;i("((a e); $%ere$%($+)e(9 -+) e%( a n+án;

>&e' <P*d i$ U$a8a("( i$ e); <a);ar=' 'á(a(:an ne< i$ (=d:a<eriai irán;Q("((a9 A <á$i 8edi) a% A<eria Han)ja rádi:&"'(9 a<e'; a% e'!!i&e' $%e<!en (=d"<á$"< $%erin( ne< ad"((e)+$% na8"$ <P$"r(9 -a)á!:' a $=)ár%"(( <P$"radá$!:' i$ i+re%?e( &"'( a% a<eriaia e%en;"<a9-ár a >"rrada'"< i(*r+$+ne Qr+re <ind+( A<eria á'(a'irán;Q("(( rádi: &a':$á))a' rá&e(i <a)á( a $%a!ad$á)arU r+$%(&e?&ire9 O'; <+r(+!en $%Q(ja a $%"&je(e''ene$ ind='a("a(, "); a

(ár);i'a)"$ a'')a(:!an :a(a('an=' >e'+!red a );an, ");&e$%(6!e aj(ja a% +r%e'<ei!en a<); $e< n+'6'*% $%"&je(e'?'ene$ i>j$á)=na(9 -inden>+'e (anáU$"( adna, "); ");an &Q&?a(já <in+' a(+"n;a!!an +$ ered<+n;e$e!!en a% "r"$% (an" e''eni a'á'( <e)&e( !á("r$á))a' >"';(a("(( arU=a(9 E);e( a%"n? !an ne< <"ndanaM A 'e)>"n("$a!! (anáUU$a' <ind&+)i) ad:$a <arad(a9 Ne< <"ndjá e' 8edi) (=djá "); a /a'(ai ."n>erenUián

&+)+r&+n;e$en i$ "daQ(+'i a S%"&je(=ni:na a <á$"di &i'á)á? !"r$ $%*&e($+)e >ej+!en <ár a á!"r i(*r+$e e'*'( <e)Q)+r(.e'e(?E=r:8ai á''a<" );ar<a(i i%$á<án;"'á$á(, (e'je$ á''a<i$%=&ereni(á$=a' e);6((9); a% e ne<%e(e *%+ (ar("%: a%án i$ a S%"&je(=ni: P!+?re$e+n( a na);a(a'<a á'(a' ia'aQ("(( $(a(=$ [=" r+$%e, a"n?nan U$a a á!"r =(án '+(re"%"(( á''a8"(" (e'je$ á(a'aQ(á$a<e''e(( a n+); na);a(a'"< e);6((e$ j:&áa);á$á&a' &"'na 'ee(?$+)e$ i&á'nia9 Erre 8edi) a á!"r =(áni &i$%"n;'a) r*&id id e'?14(e'(+re (ein(e((e' $e<i%e($+)e( a S%"&je(=ni: <+) e'' <+r(+!en ne< rea'i%á'?a((a9 A $(a(=$ [=" <e)!"n(á$á&a' ne<U$a a S%"&je(=ni:, ane<a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +rdeei i$ $+r6'n+ne9 A S%"&je(=ni: e);i';en <e)&á'("%"(( e';%e(!en nee%e!!en, &a); e);á'(a'án ne<



(=dná &+)reaj(ani a a8i(a'i$(a );ar<a(" jrae'"$%(á$ána >"rra?da'<i <e)a'a8"%á$á(9A% a<eriai +$ an)"' di8'"<áUia e%%e' a8U$"'a("$ á<Q(á$a(*!!, <in( $%+'á<"$$á)9 -+) Na); 7erenU <ini$%(ere'n*$+)e

idej+n a% 149 =(áni "a'QUi:$ id!en arra !i%(a(já a <a);ar <ini$%(ere'n**(, "); -a);ar"r$%á) <inden( <e) e'', "); (e?);en a S%"&je(=ni:&a' &a': <in+' !en$$+)e$e!! &i$%"n; +rde+? !en9 Ne"); a S%"&je(=ni: 6r6);e( (a'á'j"n a !+e$%er%d+$ =(ánU$a8a(ai i&"ná$ána e'a'a$%(á$ára9 T*r(+ni <inde% a ide)á? !"r$ $%Qnjá(+ 'e8'e a'a((9A ne< Q&ána("$ *&e(e%<+n;ee' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" i$$%á<"'9 -i=(án ); +r%i, "); a F>a$i%<=$ re$(a=ráUi:jána

'á($%a(a <+) ne< !i%"n;Q(a(: e''en, a% a<eriai $aj(: +$ <+di?ái 6'*n*$en a S%a!ad E=r:8a Rádi: e);re er(e'je$e!!en !i%(a(? já +$ =$%Q(já $%a!ad$á)arU"$ i>j$á)=na( *n);i'"$ <P&e'e?(eire9O(:!er 2?+n d+'e'(( <e)+re%ne a $%"&je( i''e(+e$e i$B=da8e$(re -i"ján +$ S%=$%'"& $%e<+';+!en9 -e)er$Q(i Na);I<re <ini$%(ere'n*i ine&e%+$+(, !ár e%( (e'e>"n"n Hr=$U$"& "?rá!!an <ár <e)(e((e9 /*&e(e'6 &a':di U+'ja ne< i$ e% &"'(, ane<

Ger Ern 'e&á'(á$a, <+)8edi) .ádár /án"$$a'9 E%%e' <e)$%aad(a -"$%&á!:' a%a$%a!adQ("(( "<<=ni$(á (*re('en =ra'<a a 8ár( >e'e((9 .ádár /án"$ a >"rrada'"< $%"&je( 'e&er+$e =(án i$<e)(ar(ja (i$%(+( a 8ár( &e%e(+$+ne >"';a<a("$$á)á(9A 8ár( 8"'i(iai !i%"(($á)a 6'+$+n .ádár /án"$ e'$ (i(árráreá'á$a idej+n er6'( $"r a ."$$=( (+ri $"r(P%re, a<e';e( a 7*'d?<P&e'+$i -ini$%(+ri=< 8ad'á$ár:' %dQ("((a a% ÁVO?$" a $"?e%re$ !++$ (6n(e(re9T*!! $%á% e<!er 'e'(e a'á'á( a );i'"$$á)!an9 .ádár a'á'ái)(ar(: =ra'<a (eá( &+r!en >")an(9 -inden !i%"nn;a' e% a $';"$&+ren)%+$ indQ("((a U' a 8ár( *%8"n(i &e%e($+)+ne $6r)$ *$%?$%eQ&á$á(91A% 6'+$en Na); I<re +( Q&e L"$"nU%; +$ D"ná( ja&a$"'(aa% ÁVH $6r)$ >e'"$%'a(á$á( +$ a >e'e'+$ e'i$<er+$+( >"rrada'"<?



na9 Na); I<re a ja&a$'a("( ne< (á<")a((a, Q); a *%8"n(i &e%e?($+) na); $%:(*!!$+))e' e'=(a$Q("((a9A $%"&je( Fe'&(ár$a ja&a$'a(ára ne<U$a a 8ár( &e%e(+$+!en*&e(e%e(( !e &á'("%á$, de $"r er6' a "r<án; á(a'aQ(á$ára i$9

E%((a' Na); I<re ne< &a':$%QnP, "); $ajá( aara(á!:' á?r"< j <ini$%(ere'n*?e';e((e$( a8, de <ind a ár"< %$id:9-i"ján +$ S%=$%'"& e);+!+n( a >"rrada'"< (i%en+( na8já?na (*!!, <in( a >e'+( -a);ar"r$%á)"n (*'(*((e9 Enn+'>")&a Na);I<re <inden in(+%ed+$+( &e'6 "n%='(á'&a +$ á'(a'= j:&áa);?&a "%(a <e)9 .6'*n*$en $%e<!e(Pn, "); a<i"r Gi<e$ -i?':$ 8"'i(iai (anáU$ad:ja +$ $%e<+';e$ j: !ará(ja a%( ja&a$"'(a ne?i, "); en)ed+';e%%+ a "<<=ni$(á"n Q&6'i 8ár(" $%er&e%+?

$+(, <e)'ee($en )"r"<!án a%( &á'a$%"'(a# FS%: $e< 'ee( r:'a,a<eddi) +n &a);" a <ini$%(ere'n*9 );ana"r "(:!er 30?ána B=da8e$(en (ar(:%"d: -i"ján +$ S%=$%'"& !i%(a(á$ára !eje?'en(i a% e);8ár( rend$%er <e)$%6n(e(+$+(, a% 14?*$ "a'QUi:"%&a': &i$$%a(+r+$(9 A<e'';e' (er<+$%e(e$en a"r .ádár /án"$ i$e);e(+r(e((91A .IROBBANTOTT -AGAR 7ORRADA?

LO- VEZETT .ERESA >"rrada'"<ra 8r"&"á'( e);e(ej$á), de a );ári <=n?á$$á) i$ a 8ara$%($á)r:' ne< i$ !e$%+'&e a% 13?a$ $%ere8ea'a8ján Na); I<re &i$$%a(+r+$+( a a(a'"<!a na); *r*<<e' 6d?&*%*'(e9 Ne< i$<er&+n a%( a 8""'i já($%<á(, a<e'';e' a% e'U$i)á?%"(( <a);ar (*<e)e e'e$ered+$+( en;Q(&e <en(e)e((e a F$%"Ui?a'i%<=$(9 A% e!!en a Faj!an &a': ered<+n;e$ *%re<P*?d+$+( *&e( >+'reá''Q(á$á( <indeni ); 'á((a, "); ne< en)ed(+ nei a%( a "<<=ni%<=$( +8Q(eni, a<e'; a 'a"$$á)na !++$+'e(&i(e' 'ee($+)+( !i%("$Q("((a &"'na9 A 'a"$$á) j"))a' i((e'(e,<"$( <ár &+)+r&+n;e$en e'j*(( a Na); I<re?>+'e á''a<i)a%)a(á$i);a"r'a( ("&á!!&i(e'+ne ideje9 -inde%ee( >i);e'e<!e &+&e a'a"$$á)!an >e' $e< <er6'( anna i)+n;e, "); a $%a!ad$á)arU+'+re e); &a':!an e'i&a("((, a <a);ar ne<%e(+r( +'ni +$ a e''a'ni (=d: &e%e(( ere$$en9 I)a%, a ne<%e(i e'i( (e'je$ 'i&idá'á$a



=(án i(("n ne< i$ <arad( i';en &a'i(á$"a' rende'e% $%e<+?';i$+)9 Sajn"$ a á!"r e'&e$%(+$+ne (=da(a a'a(( a >i%iai ('+'+$(i$ (i("!an ere$ e<i)ráUi: $e< rende'e%e(( i';enne'9 Na); I<re a%"n!an $e<+'e aj'a<"( ne< <=(a("(( arra,

"); $%Q&&e'?'+'ee', 8"'i(iai (a8a$%(a'a(á&a', &a); aár a !a'"'?da'i &i'á)!an <e)'+& a8U$"'a(ai 6);e$ >e'a$%ná'á$á&a' a >"rra?da'"< 'á%á!an +) ne<%e( +'+re á''j"n9 Ee';e(( <ind&+)i) a"<<=ni$(á 8ár(ere(ei!en d"')"%"(( +$ )"nd"'"d"((9 -indena'a'"<<a' e''en&e(+$ n+'6' aj(ja &+)re -i"ján +$ S%=$%'"&e);re <e)*en(!! ja&a$'a(ai(9A Na); I<r+&e' (ár);a': a%ai +$ 6'>*'di de'e)áUi: e);+r?(e'<Pen <e)á''a8Q(já, "); a <ini$%(ere'n* !i%"n; ne< a%,

aine addi) i((+9 ne< a >"rrada'"< &e%+re, ane< &á'("%a('an=' e); "<?<=ni$(a <ini$%(ere'n*9 Bár a <a);ar "n&+d$+) <+) (e'je$ e)+?$%+!en in(a(, a >"rrada'"<!an <+) e'$%i)e(e'( i$e!! e);$+)ei$e< &e((e r+$%(9 A (6n(e(+$een i$ U$a a (i$%(ii$"'á$" i$e!!r+$%e &"'( 'á(a(:, a a(a'"< <+)i$ "<"';an (ar( a((:', "); a%e$e<+n;e a(á$ára e$e('e) !e'e$"dr:dna915

Enne <+) "<<=ni$(a n+%8"n(!:' i$ +re%ni 'ee(e(( !i%"?n;"$ '")iájá(9 T=d"(( d"'"), "); a% ÁVH <ár a >"rrada'"<e'(( i$ a "n&+d$+) *%=(á'a(ána *r&ende((9 Irri(á': &"'( a% a<indeni á'(a' (a8a$%(a'( <indena(:$á)a, a<e'';e' ne<U$a a>a'=$i $"ra("ná $%6'ei( +n;$%erQ(e((+ a 'e)d=r&á!! <:d"n a(er<e'$%*&e(e%e(e!e9 );ana"r a a("nai a'a='a("ná'<P*d e'árQ(: (i$%(e ai =);anU$a ÁVO?$" &"'(a, a a("?nai &e%e(e(, 8aranU$n""a( <e)'ee($ );a"ri$á))a' a 'ee('e)+8(e'ene!! &ádaa' je'en()e((+ >e'9 A% ÁVH <a)a$a!! 8a?ranU$n"ai 8edi) 6'*n*$e!! &i%$)á'a( n+'6' &e((+ U+'!a e%ee(a ne< e);$%er <=ná$áder (i$%(ee(, a<e';ne a%(án 'e(ar?(:%(a(á$= +$ <e)=rU"'á$= 'e(( a &+)e9 S%erenU$+$ e$e(!en <e)?>+'e<'Q(&e á(e';e%(+ a% "r$%á) <á$i &+)+!en '+& &a'a<e';a'a='a("%, <á$ e$e(!en 8edi) e<+n; !*r(*n!6n(e(+$( $%a!(a i rá, <"ndani $e< e'' <inden a'a8 n+'6'9 Oa' 'ee(e(( (eá(



(ar(ani a((:', "); a "n&+d$+) +$%re&+('en6' a >e'e' "'da'áraá''9A<Q) a 8"'i(iai ár(;a'a8" <*)*((i +r%e'<e +$ U$e'ee?de(e ne< i$<eri $%á<ára Na); I<re +r(e(e('en <:d"n e%i(á',

a i$e!!?na);"!! <+r(+!en !e'e'á(: a <ini$%(ere'n**( <ár?<ár ár=':+n( &i%$)á'já9 Ne< i$ <inden a'a8 n+'6'9 Ne< U$"da, a >e'<er6' a% j &e?%e( ere$+$+ne )"nd"'a(a9 E%( a% Pr( 'á(&a a 8ár( 6'*n!*%, a+( a$%(a'"n já($%á$ +8e$$+)ei&e' j:' !Qr: (i("$ 6);n*ei( &e(i !e, ai na);"n 6);e$en $%ere%ne e);re <a)a$a!! >""%a("a( a>"rrada'"< &e%+rará!an9 E%e *%*(( e'$ e';en e'' e<'Q(en6n -a'+(er á' e%rede$(, a .i'ián 'a(an;á!an $%"')á': <e)!Q%a(a(?

'an"na !+';e)%e(( <=na$%"')á'a("$ a("ná 8aranU$n"á(9-a'+(err' (=dj=, "); a $%"&je( >")$á)!an 8ar(i%ánná +8e%(+ +$ a á!"r =("'$: $%aa$%á!an ej(ern;&e' d"!(á 'e a <+) <a?);ar +%en 'e& (er6'e(re9 ar(i%án+n( =);an ne< &"'( na); $%e?re8e, de a("nai 8á';a>=(á$a a% j Fde<"ra(i=$ ad$ere)!eni)en );"r$na <"nda(:9 E% j"))a' &e(i >e' );anna(, i$%en-a'+(er( a L=d"&ia Aad+<ián a&a((á adna));á 142?!en9-in( "r(;$(a a("na(i$%( ne< er6'( a !"'$e&i$(a a(a'"< á'(a'

6'd*%*((e $"r$ára9 O(:!er 23?á( *&e(en a >"rrada'"< e''enarU"'(, <ajd U$a "(:!er 2@?án á'' á( (*!!ed<a)á&a' a >"rrada?'"< "'da'ára a (P%$%6ne(e( *&e(en9 O(:!er 31?(' +( na8i) a1@"n&+de'e'e$+)e( *%6'6 &e((, &a); a8"((9 E% a(+n; 8edi) &a':$%QnP je'en($ !e>"';á$$a' &"'( );"r$ >e'e<e'ed+?$+!en9A >e'(*re& *%*(( (er<+$%e(e$en (a'á'=n %$id:( i$9 An);a'I$(&án $%e<+';+!en9 a TP%"'(: =(Uá!an 6(*((e >e' F>adi$%á''á?$á(9 An);a' ne< ne<%e(i >"rrada'"<r:' ane< $%"Uia'i$(a >"rra?da'"<r:' !e$%+'9 Ne< Na); I<r+&e' (ar( a8U$"'a("(, ane< .á?dár /án"$$a' +$ 8er$%e a $%"&je( na);*&e($+))e'9 1 n"&e<!er 5?+n a $%"&je( in&á%i:( *&e( na8"!an ne< a% "r$%á) <e)$%á'?



'á$ána i(erje$%(+$+n, a <a);ar ne<%e( 'e)j"!!jaina 'e);i'"'á?$án á!"r"), ane< a%"n e$ere), "); "<<=ni$(á 'ne a"<<=ni$(ára9 Bár n"&e<!er 5?+n <+) &a':!an na); %a&ar =ra'(a a <a);ar *%á''a8"("a(, i';enre a%+r( ne< er6'( $"r9 S"?

a' iná!! arra, "); "<<=ni$(á '((e a <a);ar $%a!ad$á)?arU"$"ra9 N"&e<!er 5?+n !á%i$án a ne<%e(i %á$%': <e''+ i(P%ia &*r*$ %á$%':( i$9An);a' I$(&án a >"rrada'"< na8jai!an (*!!$%*r i$ jár( .ádár /án"$ná', ai( a F&i$%"n"$$á) a'a8ján <e)Q&"(( a TP%"'(: =(Uai(á<a$%8"n(jára, $( a TP%"'(: =(Uai U$a8a( (i$%(e'e(!e'i 8aranU$n"?á&á i$ Q&án(a a&a(ni9A 'á(")a(á$ra a%"n!an 8edi) .ádár Q)+re(e( (e(( rá <inden

!i%"nn;a' a >e');"r$='( e$e<+n;e *&e(e%(+!en ne< er6'( $"r9A ne<%e( $%a!ad$á)arUá( $ajá(e%P &a''"<á$á!an i$ e''en>"r?rada'"<na ne&e%i9 S"r$á( <+)$e< er6'e(i e'9 A "<<=ni$(are$(a=ráUi: *%!en !*r(*n!e %árjá, a n+8*%(ár$a$á) <e)d*n(+?$+re &a': >e);&ere$ Q$+r'e(e <ia(( a'á'ra Q(+'i +$ i i$ &+)%i9 A(e'je$ ádári =ra'"< idej+n a >"rrada'"<r:' 8=!'iá'( Qrá$"!anne&+( $%in(e <e) $e< e<'Q(i9 A !*r(*n!en ir( $ajá(e%P &a''"<á?$á(, a<e';e( iná!! e<'+ira(na ne&e%e(n+n, <ajd U$a 1@9

=(án rende%i $aj(: a'á i((ár$a# E*r$i I$(&án9 A e$(i S%a'"n.*n;&iad: adja i +& n+'6'9-a <ár a <a);ar"r$%á)i !a'"'da' i$ :&a("$an =);an e);?re a(ár"%"((a!!an n;"<=' a!!a a% irán;!a, "); a% 1?"$ >e'?e'+$ ne< a S%"&je(=ni: +$ a ne<%e( á''a<a8i(a'i$(a ira!'á$a +$);ar<a("$Q(á$a e''en (*r(+n(, ane< a $%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;" &+?de'<+!en9 Ne< ne+% <e)j:$"'ni, "); U$a id +rd+$e +$ An?1);a' I$(&án( n;i'&ánQ(já a% 1?"$ $%"Uia'i$(a >e'e'+$ 'e)na?);"!! $+ne9A a(a'"< a$8irán$ai *%*(( (a'á'j= D=dá$ /:%$e>e( i$, aiAn);a' I$(&ánna' $%e<!en "<'"e);ene$en e''ene% >i'"%:>iá(&a''"((9 N+%8"n(ja, U$a); <in( U$e'eede(ei $"a' iná!!ne<%e(ie &"'(a <in( !ári+9 J$"dá'ni 'ee( U$a, "); <i+r(ne< j=("(( na);"!! $%ere8e% a >"rrada'"<!an9



A >"rrada'"<, a a(a'6)?)e('en6' e);re $%+'e$ede((9 A% e);e(ej$á)"% +$%re&+('en6'U$a('a"%"(( B=da8e$( );$%:'&án (e'je$ i>j$á)a, $( &id+r' i$e);re (*!!en (:d='(a a >&ár"$!a,

A% "r"$% (an" e''en a >ia(a'" <ind<ái) e);ed6'á'': arUi(eUniá( a'a'<a%(a, <+)8edi) i&á': ered<+nn;e'9 A !en%ine$ 8a'aU"a( a arU"U$i '+)$%Q&: n;Q'á$aira d"!(á, <iá'(a' a%" >e'r"!!an(a +$ a !enne '+& 8=$%(='á$á( i$ ""%(á9 Enne a'?a'<a%á$á&a' je'en($ &e$%(e$+)ee( ""%(a a <e)$%á'':na9A% ered<+n;e 'á((án a >"rrada'"< r+$%(&e&i a'a8"$an <e)?n*&eed(e9E''á(á$=a( a 'a"$$á) !ár <a)a i$ ián;( $%en&ede(( *n?

%e('en6' !i%("$Q("((a9 N+án; na8"$ +$+$$e' a >"rrada'"rd='( e', $( <+) a% ÁVO?$" i$+$%re&+('en6' e'(Pn(e, <ajd U$a n"&e<!er 4?e =(án F+'ed(e =j? já9 V"'( "';an, ai U$a'ádjá&a' !e>a'a%(a((a <a)á(, ne"); Fe?re$%(>iai <e)(a'á'já9A% a'a88r"!'+<a# a $%"&je( U$a8a(" i&"ná$a, a% "$%(rá á'?

'a<$%er%d+$ *&e(e%<+n;e+n( -a);ar"r$%á) a("nai <e)?$%á''á$ána <e)$%6n(e(+$e ("&á!!ra i$ &a'a<i';en <e)"'dá$( i)+?n;e'(9 A $%"&je( 8"'i(ia <e)(a'á'(a a <e)"'dá$(9 Hr=$U$"& e%?de(!en <+) e);e( i$ +r(e(( a <a);ar d"')"%: *&e(e'+$+&e', !i%?(a(&a e( a% >")a'<a%á$á!an a F>a$i$%(a re$(a=ráUi:ra9j >"r)a(:*n;&e( Qr(a X&a); i (=djaWY9 E!!e a%"n!an Na);I<r+( i$ !e&"njá9 A 'á($%a( $%erin( .ádár( =);an ne< de a &a':?$á)!an ( i$ !ea&a(já, U$a Na); I<r+(' >6))e('en6' <á$ e';en+$ <á$ <:d"n9O(:!er 2@?án d+'e'(( 6'+$( (ar( a 8ár( 'e)>!! (e$(6'e(e, a 8"'i(iai !i%"(($á)9 Na); I<re ne< &e$% r+$%( a% 6'+$en, e%a'a((150a $%"&je( na);*&e($+)en (ar(:%"di, <+)8edi) <a);ar r+$%r'(e'je$en e);ed6'9 Se< a 8ár( 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$+!', $e< a "r?<án;!:' ne< &e$% <a)a <e''+ $eni(9 A $%"&je( na);*&e($+)en



(ar(:%"di Andr"8"&"n Q&6' -i"ján i$ S%=$%'"& +$ <+) e);na);"n >"n("$ $%e<+';# Z$="&, a"r a S%"&je(=ni: "n&+de'<i<ini$%(ere9 Va':$%QnP a <ini$%(+ri=e'je);%+$e ne< (e$%ne e<'Q(+$(9 -ár a r+$%(&e?

& $%e<+';i *$$%e(+(e'e i$ >e'+!re$%(i );anna(, "); i(( na);"n>"n("$ d"')"r:' e$i $%:9 A (anáU$"%á$ $"r$d*n(9 Enne !i%"?n;Q(á$ára ninU$ $%6$+) $e<+'e !i%"n;Q(: "<án;ra9 A 'e)?>"n("$a!! !i%"n;Q(+"a( +88en a 8"'i(ia &á'("%á$a, anna irá?n;a, <ajd *&e(e%<+n;ei adjá <e)9 Na); I<re d+'e'(( 11 :ra *r6' +re%i &i$$%a a 8ár(*%? 8"n(!a, a"' (áj+"%(a(ja a je'en'+&e(, >'e) .ádár /án"$(, ");a S%"&je( ."<<=ni$(a ár( e'n*$+)e a "r<án; na);arán; á(?

a'aQ(á$á( ja&a$"'ja ia);&a a%"a(, ai a S%"&je(=ni: +rde+? !en "rá!!an "<8r"<i((á'(á <a)=a(9-a);arra >"rdQ(&a, e); ne<%e(ine 'á($%: "<<=ni$(a "r?<án;( e'' '+(re"%ni, (er<+$%e(e$en Na); I<re &e%e(+$+&e'9 D+'?=(án 15 :ra 2 8erUe$ e%de((e' Na); I<re !e$%+de( <"nd a rá?di:!an9 Beje'en(e((e, "); a >&ár"$ a%"nna'i e'a);á$ár:' (ár?);a'á$"a( e%de(( a% "r"$%"a'97e'"$%'a(já a% ÁVH?(, a (*r&+n;(e'en6' e'i(+'(ene a<ne$%?

(iá( adna9 L+(rej*n a (P%$%6ne(, a U$a8a(" <á$na8 <e)e%di a>&ár"$ i6rQ(+$+(9 Lá($%:'a) a >"rrada'"< );%*((9 A >"rrada'<á?r""n i$ a 'a"$$á)"n i$ 'eQra(a('an e=>:ria 'e(( rrá9 E%((a' a$%"á$"$ <a);ar *%<"ndá$$a' je''e<e%e(n+n# FA e';%e("';an $%+8, "); a% <ár ne< i$ 'ee( i)a%9 Sajn"$ (+n;'e) ne<&"'( i)a%9); (Pn(, "); a $%"&je( U$a8a(" !=da8e$(i i&"n='á$a Na);I<re (ár);a'á$aina ered<+n;e9 A% e$e<+n;( 6'*n*$en a >"r?rada'"< !=da8e$(i r+$%(&e&i <indeni a <ai na8i) a >"rrada?'"< );%e'<e+n( 6nne8'i9 7e' $e< <er6' anna a );anja, ");e% a ne<%e( !eU$a8á$ána e); 6'*n'e)e$ >"r<ája, a e'e(i )"n?d"'"dá$ *r<*n>"n( <e$(er>")á$a9 A S%"&je(=ni: e%( "';an j")i+r(e'<e%+$!e e';e%(e, "); e'e)e( (e(( a -a);ar"r$%á))a' 145? !en *(*(( 8ári%$i !+e$%er%d+$ 229 Ui+ne +$ i&"n(a U$a8a(ai(a% "r$%á)!:'9 -e)$%6n(e((e -a);ar"r$%á) a("nai <e)$%á''á$á(9



151E 6'*n'e)e$ j")i >"r<='a a'a'<a%á$á&a' i&a(já !e .ádár /án"$$a' n"&e<!er 4?+n a <+) a% "r$%á)!:' de >aU(" i $e< &"?n='( $%"&je( U$a8a("a( a $%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;" &+de'<+re, a >a?

$i$%(a >e'e'+$ 'e&er+$+&e, a >a$i$%(a &e$%+'; &i$$%a(+r+$+ne <e)?aadá';"%á$ára9 E F!eQ&á$(:' e%d&e a $%"&je( U$a8a(" <ár ne< <e)$%á'':+n(, ane< Fidei)'ene$en (ar(:%"dna -a);ar?"r$%á)"n9A% j j")i e';%e(re (ein(e((e' .ádár /án"$ "r<án;6'd*((?$+) +'+n 159 <árUi=$ &+)+n -"$%&á!a =(a%i +$ a $%"&je( U$a? 8a(" j j")UQ<en &a': <a);ar"r$%á)i á''"<á$"%(a(á$ár:'Fe);e%<+n;( Qr a'á9 A'i) +( :na8 <'&a <áj=$ 25?+n B=da?

8e$(en Qrna a'á a $%"&je( U$a8a(" i(( (ar(:%"dá$ár:' e); ja!!e);e%<+n;(9E ne&e($+)e$ j")i reáUi: +rdee$ !i%"n;Q(+á( $%"')á'(a(ja a%11?e$ $%"&je( U$a8a(i&"ná$ a'a'<á!:' a $%"&je( a("ná r+?$%+re i(6n(e(+$+n( ad"(( $%"&je( e<'++re<, a<e'; a <a);ar"r?$%á)i (ar(:%"dá$ra =(a'&a a% 15?11?e$ +&$%á<<a' +$%6'(9A (ár);i'a)"$, de !e ne< a&a("(( 8"'i(iai e'e<% Na); I<?r+( &"na(a("(( 8"'i(ia <"%)á$a <ia(( a !"'$e&i%<=$ 'a$$ a<+'e?

"njána (ar("((á9 E%( a <e)a(ár"%á$( (e'je$ e)+$%+!en e' e''&e(n6n9 Na); I<re <ind&+)i), $( a'á'ái) $%a!ad<P&e$ !"'?$e&i%<=$ <e)in)a(a(a('an Q&e &"'(9B=da8e$( $%"&je( i6rQ(+$+&e' e);idejP'e) a% E);e$6'( Á''a?<" <"$%&ai na);*&e(e <e)n;=)(a((a a S%"&je(=ni: &e%e(i(#ne< Q&ánna a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 'e%árá$a+n( ia'aQ(:( $(a?(=$ [="?a -a);ar"r$%á) &"na("%á$á!an &á'("%(a(ni9 Vá'("%a('a?n=' a $%"&je( +rde$%>+ra (a)jána (ein(i -a);ar"r$%á)"(9 A%"(( ia'a='( e';%e( <e)"'dá$ána <:djá( (e'je$ e)+$%+!en a$%"&je( &e%e(+$ !e'á(á$ára !Q%%á9.+$!!i &i$$%ae<'+e%+$e a'a8ján $%á<"$ n;=)a(i >"rrá$!:'(=dj=, "); <e''%&e <inden +$ede'<e( i);ee%%ene >e'$%á?<"'nia a <a);ar"r$%á)i >e);&ere$ >e'e'+$(9 A *&e(e% na8" e$e<+n;ei ne< a);(a +($+)e( a%irán(, "); Hr=$U$"&+ <ara?d+(a'an=' e'e)e( (e((e A<eria e<e Q&án$á)ána9



-inden !i%"nn;a' a B=da8e$(en (ar(:%"d: -i"ján +$S%=$%'"& =(a$Q(á$ára Na); I<re "(:!er 30?án !eje'en(i a%e);8ár(i <"n"8:'i=< <e)$%6n(e(+$+(, a (*!!8ár(rend$%er &i$$%a?á''Q(á$á(, a% 14?*$ "a'QUi:"% &a': &i$$%a(+r+$(9

152.ádár i$, Ti'd; i$, Erdei i$ (*+'e(e$en e);e( +r(e((e a (*!!? 8ár(i "r<án;%á$ j!:'i !e&e%e(+$+&e'9 E%%e' e); id!en Hr=$?U$"& +$ <á$ $%"&je( &e%e( i$ $%e<re!!en+$ n+'6', a 'e)na?);"!! "<"';$á))a' n;i'a("%na a% e)+$% &i'á) e'((, "); a<a);ar d"')"%: <"%)a'<a (e'je$ <+r(+!en j")"$ +$ +$%e a$%"&je( U$a8a(" i&"ná$ár:' (ár);a'ni9 );ana"r "(:!er 31?+n, a -"$%&á!an (ár);a': .Qnai 6'd*(($+) e'(( Hr=$U$"& á'?

$%en( <:d"n a <e)$%""(( "r"$% ('%á$"a' &+re$ +8e( >e'(e(( a<a);ar"r$%á)i á''a8"("r:'9 A "<<=ni$(á $%á%á&a' &a': a?'"<ra );i'"'á$á&a' i);ee%e(( !i%"n;)a(ni a <a);ar $%a!ad$á)?arU >e);&ere$ 'e&er+$+ne $%6$+)e$$+)+(9 Li" Sa"?U$i +$ a% á'?(a'a &e%e(e(( .Qnai 6'd*(($+) $e< +$%re&+(e'(, <+) e&+$!+ e''en?&e(+$( ne< (e((9Id*%!en a <a);ar >"rrada'"< &+r!e>"j(á$ára +$%Q(e((F7"r):$%+' ne&P ad<P&e'e(i (er&e( a $%"&je( &e%+rar !e>eje%i9

A ad<P&e'e(e n"&e<!er 4?+n <e)indQ(a(: je'en(i Hr=$U$"&?na Z$="&9E%%e' e); id!en a $%"&je( U$a8a(" a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(i,"); a 2@?i <e)á''a8"dá$ +r(e'<+!en ne<U$a B=da8e$(r', a?ne< a% "r$%á)!:' i$ <e)e%di i&"n='á$=a(9 E% a% i<i(áUi:a%"n!an "(:!er 31?+n a d+'i :rá!an ir(e'en <e)$%aad9 A e?'e(i irán;!a &"n=': "r"$%" >e'(ee(en rádi: =(a$Q(á$na e'e)e((+&e a% =(a"n ir(e'en <e)>"rd='(a +$ er'(e(e(( (e<8:!an<e)ind='(a &i$$%a>e'+9 -e)e%dd*(( a $%"&je( U$a8a(" );"r$(e<8:j !e*%*n'+$e a S%"&je(=ni:!:' i$9 -á$na8 n"&e<!er 1?+n<ár >"';a<a("$an n;"<='(a a% "r$%á) !e'$ej+!e +$ (er&$%erPen<e)e%d(+ a re86'(ere, 'a(an;á +$ >"n("$a!! *%in(+%<+?n;e *r6'%árá$á(9 Na); I<re <ini$%(erei (ár$a$á)á!an *&e(e'(e Andr"8"&(:' a>ri$$en +re%e(( $%"&je( U$a8a(" &i$$%a&"ná$á(, ne< a S%"&je(?



=ni:!a, U$=8án a !+ee';r$+)e!e, &a);i$ a 'a(an;á!a9 E%%e'a n;i'a("%a(á&a' a <ini$%(ere'n* (=d"<á$=' &e((e +$ e'>")ad(aAndr"8"& Fri !eU$6'e($%a&á(, <i$%erin( e%e a U$a8a(" ne<<e)$%á'':+n( j*((e, ane< a r+)i <e)>árad( a'a='a(" >e'&á'(á?

$ára9E);idejP'e) e'$%á''Q(já a a("ná "%%á(ar("%:i( +$ a $e!e?$6'(ee(9 Na); I<re <+)i$ ); (e$%, <in(a e!!en +(e'edne9 Ar?ra a% e$e(re, a e%ee( a U$a8a(e);$+)ee( ne< &"njá &i$$%a a153'a(an;á!a, i'á(á$!a e';e%(e a Var$:i S%er%d+$ >e'<"ndá$á(+$ -a);ar"r$%á) $e<'e)e$$+)+ne de'ará'á$á(9A $%"&je( U$a8a(" F!++$ !eára<'á$a a%"n!an &á'("%a('an='

>"';(a(:d"((9 N+án; :ra <'&a Na); I<re i$<+( >e'Q&(aAndr"8"&"(, $ <i&e' a $%"&je( a'a='a(" <ár *%e'Q(e((e B=da? 8e$(e%, *%*'(e &e'e a Var$:i S%er%d+$!' &a': i'+8+$(9 A "r?<án; d+'=(án n+); :ra"r 6'( *$$%e a"' d*n(*(( a% "r$%á) $e<'e?)e$$+)+r' i$9 Andr"8"&"( a 8ar'a<en(!e +re((+, a"' á(n;j?("((á r+$%+re a $e<'e)e$$+)i n;i'a("%a("(9 A <ini$%(er(anáU$"n.ádár /án"$ i$ r+$%( &e((9 -e) i$ $%a&a%(a a $e<'e)e$$+)i de'ará?Ui:(9

A $%"&je( na);*&e( e%((a' i$ a 'e)na);"!! "<"';$á))a'Q)+r(e, "); a% "r"$% U$a8a(" r*&ide$en e'a);já a% "r$%á)"(9Vi$%"n%á$+n( U$=8án arra +r(e Na); I<r+(# &"nja &i$$%a a%ENSZ?e% !en;j("(( 8ana$%á( a S%"&je(=ni: e''en9 -i $e< !i%"?n;Q(ja j"!!an Na); I<re !ea&a("(($á)á(, <in( e% a 'á($%:'a)"$nai&$á)a, "); e'e)e( (e(( Andr"8"& +r+$+ne9 De <+) enn+' i$);an$a!! e$e<+n; (ani 'ee((e a je'en'+&# *%6' .ádár /á?n"$ >e'(Pnen $%e<!e$%á'' Andr"8"&&a'9 Anna "rra e'(( ad"?ná$%&a $%e<+!e <"ndja# a a $%"&je( U$a8a(" &i$$%aj*nne,**''e' i$ $%e<!e$%á'' a (an"a'9 Te$%i e%(, anna e''en+re, ");a% "r"$% e);$+)e :rár:'?:rára *%e'e!! j=(na B=da8e$(e%,a<e';r' (e'je$ (=d"<á$$a' !Qr(, i$%en n+án; :ra <'&a-6nniU 7erenUUe' <e)$%**(( +$ a $%"&je( na);*&e($+)re <e?ne6'(9E 6'*n*$ je'en$+) +$!! <indeni( á<='a(!a ej(e((9 A (*r?



(+n(e =(án, a<enn;i!en .ádár ne< !ea&a("((ja a -a);ar"r$%á)e''eni $%"&je( 6%de'<ene, &aj"n 'e(( &"'na?e !á("r$á)a a% "r"?$%""% <ene6'niW A +rd+$re <+) &á'a$%"'ni $e< e''9 2Andr"8"& .ádárna i$ !i%"n;)a((a# i(( U$=8án >+'re+r(+$r'

'ee( $%:9 Hi$%en a!!an, "); a% "r"$%" i&"n='na -a);ar"r?$%á)r:' <ár <e)e);e%(e, <ár U$a a >"r<ai i&i(e'r' e'' (ár?);a'ni=9Andr"8"& <+'(a('an"dá$á&a' e);id!en Hr=$U$"& (i("!an a'en);e' &e%e(e' (ár);a' Bre$%!en, a"&á a% ND. &e%e(i( i$"darende'(e9 N"&e<!er 2?án 8edi) a r"<án +$ U$e$%'"&á &e%e?2 ."8áU$i Sánd"r# É'e(>");(i)'an 19 "'d9154

(e' e);e%(e( B=are$(!en9 );ana% na8 d+'=(án S%:>iá!an a !"')ár"a', <ajd Ti(:&a' (ár);a' Bri"ni?$%i)e(+n9 -+)8edi) a<a);ar $%a!ad$á)arU &+r!e>"j(á$ár:'9 Hr=$U$"& $a!'"n+r&e'+$e<indene$e(!en FA <a);ar"r$%á)i !ea&a("%á$ e'er6'e(e('en,<er( "(( a'"<ra );i'"'já a "<<=ni$(áa(9 -inden a'a'"<?<a' an)$';"%(a a .Qnaia (e'je$ e);e(+r(+$+(9A $%"Uia'i$(a e';(ar(: &a'a<enn;ien e);e(+r(e((e +$ e';e?$e'(+ a S%"&je(=ni: e'a(ár"%á$á(9 .6'*n*$en a e'e(n+<e(e

<=(a((a a $%6$+)e$n+' i$ na);"!! Fe);e(+r(+$(, de ne< i)en<arad( e' <*)*((e R"<ánia +$ J$e$%'"&áia $e< E);ed6' a 'en?);e' &e%e( <er(e a $';"$ *r6'<+n;e e''en+re <e)"Uá%?(a(ni n+")'a'j"n e' e!!en a >ájda'<a$ +rd+$!en9 Ti(:<a)a(ar(á$a >+n;e$ !i%"n;Q(+a, "); <a)a i$ &a%a''=$a &"'( aS%"&je(=ni:na, U$=8án a i"$%("(( $%ere8e &"'( <indenin+' 'á(?&án;"$a!!9 Ti(: -a);ar"r$%á) e''eni diU$(e'en F*%re<P*d+$e9); &+'e< a <a);ar$á) (=da(a'a((i )"nd"$"dá$á!a +&$%á%ad"ra !e'e:d"'(a <a)á(9Hr=$U$"&, -a'en"& (ár$a$á)á!an n"&e<!er 2?án d+'=(án +r?e%(e Ti(:"% $6r)$ "n%='(áUi: U+'já!:'9 T'e i$ <e)+r( "%?%ájár='á$( +r(e a <a);ar >"rrada'"< >e);&ere$ &+r!e>"j(á$á"%9



Anna e''en+re, "); a j=)"$%'á& &e%e( <inden!en >enn(ar(á$n+'6' e);e(+r(e((e, e)+$% +jje' (ár);a'(a9 A <e)!e$%+'+$r'-iU=n"&iU &a$"$, de <+)i$ ián;"$ e<'+ira(ai!:' +r(e$6'e(?(6n, a<e';ne <a);ar >"rdQ(á$a U$a 10?!en er6'e(e(( i?

adá$ra9 -iU=n"&iU .arde'je' +$ Ran"&iU?a' r+$%( &e(( Hr=$U$"&+$ Ti(: (i("$ (ár);a'á$án9 7i);e'e<re<+'(:, "); Hr=$U$"& ne<&"n(a !e a (ár);a'á$"!a !e')rádi na);*&e(+(9Ti(: <in(a U$a r+$%( &e(( &"'na -i"ján !=da8e$(i (ár?);a'á$ain, $%: $%erin( <e)i$<+('i anna Na); I<r+e% in(+%e(($%a&ai( a ia'a='( e';%e(!en &a'a<i';en 8"'i(iai e'+$%Q(+$( ja&a$"' <"nd&án# F<en(eni +ne, a"';a<a(!an &an, .ádár /án"$na +$

-6nniU 7erenUne $ier6'( <e)$%*nie +$ re86')+8en (!an&anna -"$%&a >e'+915Ti(: =);ani$ U+'$%erPne (ar("((a a <a);ar"!:' X(e);6 "%%á# a%aár=': <a);ar"!:'Y e); >"rrada'+'e$+)e('+(re"%ni, de 'e)a'á!!i$ !eje'en(eni <e)a'a='á$á(9 3Hr=$U$"& a <e)!e$%+'+$e $"rán +( a'a'"<<a' i$ >e'(Pn<:d"n e<'Q(e((e, "); a r"<án" +$%e >enn(ar(á$ n+'6' U$a?

8a("a( 6'deni a <a);ar >"rrada'"< 'e&er+$+re9 Ti(:+ a%"n!ani!á$ '+8+$ne (ar(&án, i);ee%(e enne i)+n;!e&+(e'+r' 'e!e?$%+'ni Hr=$U$"&"(9 E% anná' i$ +rdee$e!!, <er( e);idejP'e) Ti(: j=)"$%'á& e);$+)ee( indQ("(( (!a -a);ar"r$%á)ra a >"rrada'"<e'>"j(á$ára9 Ne< (a'á'(=n rá !i%"n;Q(+"(, de <inden !i%"nn;a'err' &i$%"n( Hr=$U$"& !e$%+'(e 'e Ti(:(9 A%( i$ ne+% <e)+r(eni,"); err' a >"n("$ e$e<+n;r' -iU=n"&iU a'')a(9 B$+)e$ &i$$%ae<'+e%+$ei!en iá!a ere$$69 -+) a 'e)a'&án;a!! =(a'á$( $e<(a'á'j=9 J$a Hr=$U$"& 159 jan=ár 10?i Ti(:"% ir( +$ +$!!n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'( 'e&e'+!' +r(e$6'e((6n r:'a9 Hr=$U$"&&i$$%ai&a("%i arra, "); Ti(: 19 n"&e<!er 1@?án e);$%"&je( 6'd*(($+) e'(( i$<er(e((e# a a <a);ar >"rrada'"< e'>"j?(á$ára ne< a$%ná'(a &"'na >e' $%"&je( a("nai e);$+)ee(, a"r j=)"$%'á& e);$+)ee( &e%+n;e'(e &"'na -a);ar"r$%á)ra9 /=)"?$%'á& U$a8a(" a!!an a% id!en <ár <e) i$ ind='(a a <a);ar





*&e($+)re e'j=(ni9 Ne< 'e8dn+ <e) ('$á)"$an, a a% der6'nei &a'aa, "); +88en $%"&je( jár<P&een j=((a((á &"'na "dae(9 -iU=n"&iU# Id+%e(( e'6'&i%$)á'a(ra $%"r='9 .6'*n*$en, aa S%"&je(=ni: j")i reáUi:já!:' ind='=n i9 E$%erin( "(:!er 2@?án <e)á''a8"d(a B=da8e$( i6rQ(+$+r', a<e'; i(erjed( a <e)?$%á'': U$a8a(" <a);ar"r$%á)i i&"n='á$ára i$, a% 2?+n de >aU("e%de(+( i$ &e((e9 );ana"r 31?+n d+'=(án enne >"';a<a(a 'e?á''(, $ e);idejP'e) a e'e(i irán;!an <"%): $%"&je( U$a8a(" &a);

e're iad"(( 8aranU$, &a); rádi: =(a$Q(á$ a'a8ján <e)>"rd='(a +$a% "r$%á) *%8"n(ja >e'+ >"';(a((á (j=a(9 E%%e' a F<e)>"rd='á$?$a' (='ajd"n+88en e'e%dd*(( a $%"&je( in&á%i:9 S%in(e &e'ee);id!en a S%"&je(=ni: (er6'e(+r' i$ <e)e%dd*(( a $%"&je(U$a8a(" !e*%*n'+$e, a<e'; $6r)e('+) a("(( Na); I<r+re a Var?$:i S%er%d+$ >e'<"ndá$ára, <ajd a% "r$%á) $e<'e)e$$+)+ne de'ará'á$ára9 Enne a% ad"(( id!en a <a);ar$á) r+$%+r' =);an$e<<i +r(e'<e ne< &"'(, de arra <inden+88en a'a'<a$ &"'(,

"); -a);ar"r$%á)ra a na);a(a'<a á'(a' +n;$%er%=!!"n;+n(ráer'(e(e(( $(a(=$ [="?( <e)&á'("%(a$$a9 Enne 6r6);e <ár a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" $%erin( i$ j")"$$á, $( $%6$+)e$$+ (e((e aS%"&je(=ni: >e);&ere$ !ea&a("%á$á(9 A");an R""$e&e'( <ár Teerán!an <e)>")a'<a%(a# Fa e'', er$%aa' i$ <e)&+dj6 a !++(9 Bár a <a)a< r+$%+r' a"r $e< +$ <"$( $e< 'á("< !e,"); a !+e &e$%+';!e 'e(( &"'na, 'e)>e'je!! a S%"&je(=ni: <a?);ar"r$%á)i F!++$ i%$á<án;"'á$a er6'( &e$%+';!e9 Na); I<re, ai '+'e!en ne< a <a);ar >"rrada'"< &e%e(je,ane< $"a' iná!! a S%"&je(=ni: <a);ar"r$%á)i e';(ar(:ja&"'(, a% e$e<+n;e &e$%+';e$e!! $%aa$%á!a +r&e <inden i);ee?%e(+&e' <en(eni 8r:!á'ja a <en(e((9-i=(án "(:!er 2@?án -i"ján +$ S%=$%'"& ja&a$'a(ára e'(á?&"'Q(ja a a(a'"<!:' Ger Ern(, He)edP$ Andrá$( ir"$ Lá$%':(+$ Ba(a I$(&án(, >"n("$na (ar(ja a%" $%e<+';i !i%("n$á)á( i$



<e)ri%ni9 -i&e' a a%ai á''a8"(" erre ne< n;j("((a e'' )a?ranUiá(, a e';%e( rende%d+$+i) ja&a$"'ja nei, =(a%%ana e' aS%"&je(=ni:!a9 A% a)):d: ja&a$'a("( Andr"8"& i$ (á<")a(ja9 A%+rin(e((e e%( i(*r *r*<<e' >")adjá9 Ne< i$ &e$%(e)e(i a%

id(9 S%"&je( arU"U$i"n a (**'i re86'(+rre =(a%na, "nnan15@ 8edi) =);anU$a $%"&je( re86')+8en a S%"&je(=ni:!a Fe<i)rá'?na, a"nnan a Frend e';reá''Q(á$a =(án anna rendje +$ <:dja$%erin( a% e'%e(e$ Q)+re(ene <e)>e'e'en &i$$%a i$ (+r(e9 Na); I<r+ne <e) $e< >"rd='( a >ej+!en, "); a% "r$%á)ra%d='( a(a$%(r:>á+r( >e'e'$$+)re &"ná$=r:' )"nd"'"dj+9 N;i'?&án erre ne< i$ a8"(( >e'a(a'<a%á$(9 E% U$a a P!+rr j")"$Q(?

&án;ai *%*(( $%ere8e'9 Nei 8edi) e%e a% =ra ne< &+(e((e9A &e%+re 8+'dájá( *&e(&e a <a)a$a!! ran) ÁVH?$ (i$%(e a (**'i $%"&je( >adi$%á''á$"n ere$(e <ened+e(9 7"n("$ (aná?U$"a( ad(a a <a);ar >"rrada'"< >e);&ere$ 'e&er+$+e%9 -+) ar?ra &"na("%:an i$ e'i)a%Q("((á a% "r"$% (i$%(ee(, <e'; e$e(!ene'' >e'$%:'Q(á$ n+'6', &a); >e'$%:'Q(á$ =(án 'ni9 Vaj"n e); ne<?%e( e'ár='á$á!an (ee(?e &a'ai enn+' (*!!e(, a &a'aa enne e?n;er+( e((eW A%( $%ánd+"$an ne< <"nd"<, "); <a);ar e<!er

(ee(?e enn+' (*!!e( a%ája e'ár='á$á!an, <er( e%e a% e<!ere $%in(e i&+(e' n+'6' %$id: &"'(a9 8edi) a%( a% "r$%á)"(,<e';!en +88en +'ne ne< (ein(i a%áj=na, U$=8án !ár?<enn;ire i$ $%idjá Hi('er( a $%: a$%ná'a(á+r( +'e((+rne9 E(+n;ed+$6 Uá>"'a(a('an !i%"n;Q(+ arra, "); ián;á&a' &anna <inden>aj(a <a);ar &a); <a);ar$á) irán(i +r%e'e<ne9 He';e$e'?e(j6 Hi('er <e)á''a8Q(á$á(, <i$%erin( <inde);, "); >ranUiá=',n+<e(6', &a); <a);ar=' !e$%+', de <inden e$e(!en á!"rr:')"nd"'"di9 Bár<i';en ie(e('en, de <e)(*r(+n(, "); a rádi:e);i na);ne&P $8"r(ri8"r(ere a n"&e<!er 4?i $%"&je( a)re$$%i:(*&e(en $%"&je( a("nai e);enr=á!an >e$%e')e(( rádi:!+'i <=n?ae';+n9A $%"&je( a'a( <e)Q(+'+$+n+' á'(a'á!an a% "r"$% e<!er )"n?d"'"dá$<:djá( $%"(= a'a8=' &enni9 A $%"&je( 8"'i(i=$ e);e?$Q(i <a)á!an a% "r"$% e<!ere $""'da' je''e<+(9 A a("náa(



<á$ ne<%e(e (='ajd"n$á)aina &i%$)á'a(áná' i$ i&+(e'+n( (e?in(i, i$%en 8aranU$", $%"')á'a(i $%a!á';%a(" a'a8ján U$e?'eedne9 Sajn"$ e% a% "r"$% a("nai &e%e( e$e(+re ne< a'a'?<a%a(:9

A $%"&je( a("nai &e%e( <+) n"&e<!er 3?án i$ á'n" <:?d"n (ár);a'(a a <a);ar 6'd*(($+))e' U$a8a(ai -a);ar"r$%á)r:'(*r(+n i&"n='á$ár:', <+)8edi) a <a);ar a("nai 6'd*(($+)<e)'e8e(+$+re na); e);6((<P*d+$i aj'a<<a'9 A > +rd+$!en,"); a $%"&je( U$a8a(" e'a);já -a);ar"r$%á)"(, e''en&e(+$15n+'6' <e)á''a8"d(a9 A &i$%"n"$$á) e'&e a'a8ján <+) a%na8 e$(e10 :rára <e)Q&já a <a);ar (ár);a':a( a (**'i $%"&je( >adi?

$%á''á$ra, a"' <ár U$a a >"r<a$á)"r:', a U$a8a(" !U$%(a(á?$ána <:djár:', a a("nai %en+r' e''e(( &"'na <e)á''a8"dni9(:'a) <inden+88en );an$na <"nda(:, "); i';en 8r"("?"''ári$ +rd+$e e);e%(e(+$+e% a <a);ar "r<án; <i+r( indQ("(((na "';an <a)a$ ran) 6'd*(($+)e(, a<e';ne (a)jai# -a'+(er á' "n&+de'<i, Erdei 7erenU á''a<<ini$%(er, ."&áU$ I$(&án &e?%+rari >n*, S%PU$ -i':$ e%rede$9A (**'i <e)!e$%+'+$e *%!en a <a);ar 6'd*(($+) &ára('a?

n=' e'e8U+!e er6'9A (ár);a':(ere<!e ne< Q&"(( 'á(")a(: '+8 !e# S%er"& (á!"r?n" a .GB 8aranU$n"a, <a);ar"r$%á)i ár=': ir"$ Lá$%': +$(*!! ÁVH?$ (i$%(?(ár$a$á)á!an9 A $%"&je( (ár);a':6'd*(($+) a'i)?a e'%e(e$ e'i)a%Q(á$ n+'6', á<='a(!a e$&e 'á($%i $%e<'+'ni a>ej'e<+n;ee(9 -a'in;in (á!"rn" a $%"&je( (ár);a': &e%e(jeá''Q(:'a) <+) (i'(a"%"(( i$9S%er"& +$ 'aájai a%"n!an +$ede'e< n+'6' 'e(ar(:%(a(ja a<a);ar de'e)áUi:(9J$ane< >+' +&$%á%ad <'(án i$ 'a("')a(j=# e);&er%e(P <a);ar ere( e n+'?6' i$ *nn;P$%erre' 'e);%e((+ &"'na9 -a $e< (a'á'=n <á$<a);ará%a("(, <in( a $%a!ad<P&e$ (*!!$Q á<Q(á$ r"$$%Q%P 8+'dájá(, a<e'; a <a);ar"r$%á)i >"rrada'"< i8r"&"á'á$ána



)"nd"$ e'+$%Q(+$+( i$ je''e<e%(e9 A <:d$%er a$"n':$á)a <ia((<e) e'' e<'Q(eni, "); <in( a% e'$, <in( a <á$"di &i'á)á!"ri8r"&"á'á$a e); 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< á'(a' a$"n': >"nd"r'a((a'(*r(+n(9

N"&e<!er 4?+n ajna'!an <e)ind='( a "rá!!i na8"!an !e?*%*n' $%"&je( ader B=da8e$( i$<+(e'( e'>")'a'á$ára, a <a);ar $%a!ad$á)arU &+r!e>"j(á$ára9 A $%"'n"i rádi:!an e'an)%i a<a);ar ne<%e( 'e)na);"!! ár=':jána +$ :+rána !eje'en(+$e,"); &e%e(+$+&e' <e)a'a='( a <=ná$8ara$%( "r<án;, a<e'; a$%"&je( U$a8a(" $e)Q($+)+( +r(e a $%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;" &+de'?<+re, a "rá!!an á'(a'a i$ (á<")a("(( >"rrada'"< >e);&ere$ 'e&e?r+$+re9 7"rrada'")a'<a%á$á?

!an <ár e''en>"rrada'"<<á &á'("%"((9 Á''Q(:'a) a $%"'n"i rádi:?1@0 !an ne< .ádár !e$%+'(, ane< a S%"&je(=ni:!an >e'&e(( n;i'a("?%a(á( já($%"((á !e9 Ve'e 8ár=%a<"$an a !=da8e$(i rádi: i$ <a)?ne(">"n $%a'a)r:' $=)ár"%%a Na); I<re >e'Q&á$ai( a ne<%e(e%,<i*%!en ( a j=)"$%'á& na);*&e($+)re <eneQ(i9 A% e);i $%a!ad<P&e$ "<<=ni$(a <e);, a <á$i <e) j*n97i);e'e<re<+'(:, "); Na); I<r+( a j=)"$%'á& na);*&e(?

$+)re $%á<"$ $%a!ad<P&e$ %$id: e'Q$+ri9 A (ár);i'a)"$ $%e<?'+'ne a%"n!an n;i'&án >e'(Pni, "); e%e a FP$+)e$ $%"')áa na); 'e$%á<"'á$( *&e(en <ind +'e(!en <arad(a9 Va$ Z"'(án,L=áU$ G;*r);, Vá$áre';i -i':$, Berei And"r <ind?<ind<e)$%(á9 A F!a'+( Na); I<re +$ n+án; (ár$a &i((e e'9 H");(+n;'e)e$en i$ Na); I<re e);e'(jei &"'(a?e, &a); <á$" &á'"?)a((á i $%á<ára, <ái) $e< (=dj=9-ái) $e< (i$%(á%"((# Na); I<re i, &a); i e''en re<+'( &+?de'<e( a j=)"$%'á& na);*&e($+)enW Ne< &a':$%QnP, "); a% "r"?$%"(:', i$%en a%" <=naad:i &"'(a, >e'ada(á( =(a$Q(á$ai $%e?rin( (e'je$Q(e((e9 H a <+)i$ <e)nee%(e'(e &a'a<i+r(, a% e''en Ti(:); $e< (=d(a, de ne< i$ aara((a <e)&+deni9 /:' (=d(a, ");Ti(: a'= n+'6' iadja e(, a a% "r"$%" +ri9 A $%'á& a'a( Na); I<re e'(( ne< &"'( i$<ere('en9 A"r á( i e'' <ene6'(,&a); <eneQ(e((+ e' (ár$ai&a' e);6((W Ta'án U$a ne< a <a);ar



n+8 e''W ); )"nd"'(a, a a ne<%e( >e'i$<eri, "); +( a$%(a'"n já($%"((, e$e('e) &+)e% &e'eW Enne &a':$%QnP$+)+( +88en$+))e'i%árni ne< 'ee(, i$%en (=dj=, "); (*r(+n(e arra &"na("%:Q$+r'e(e, "); Na); I<r+( e$e('e) !e&e$%i .ádár "r<án;á!a9

A%( i$ (=dj=, "); enne <e)&a':$='á$a ne< Na); I<re e'=(a?$Q(á$án &a); aárU$a &"na"dá$án <'"((9 S"a' iná!! a$%"&je( &e%e(+$ !e'$ ("r%$a'"dá$a aadá';"%(a <e) e%( a <e)"'?dá$(9 Na); I<re +$ .ádár /án"$ <e)!Q%á$á!:' >"';(a i$ <a)a$ran) $%e<+';e á'(a' (ár);a'á$" Na); I<re j=)"$%'á& na);*?&e($+)en &a': (ar(:%"dá$a idej+n9 A ."$$=( Rádi: 19 "(:? !er 2?án 11 :ra 3 8erU"r r+$%'e(ee( $=)ár%"(( He'(ai G;*r);

e<'+e%+$ei!'9 He'(ai $%erin( Na); I<re e); j=)"$%'á& 6);&i&?&e' 6%en( nei, "); *&e$$e ( a na);*&e($+)re9 Ér&e'+$e $%e?rin( Fj: a i'á(á$" .ádár+a' e); "<8r"<i$$%=<ra9Enne <e)+r(+$+e% (=dn=n e'', "); a <a);ar >"rrada'"<&+r!e>"j(á$á&a' ne< U$a Hr=$U$"&, ane< "r("d" e''en>e'ei i$1@1e);e(+r(e((e, U$=8án +r&e'+$6 6'*n!*%*(( e);<á$(:'9 -Q)Hr=$U$"& a%%a' +r&e'(, "); e'er6'e(e('en a $%"&je( !e'$ &e%e?

(+$+ne re>"r<ja, a 8ár( irán;&"na'ána +$ );a"r'a(ána &á'("%?(a(á$a, <er( a $%(á'ini (err"r +$ a )a%da$á)i irán;Q(á$ <e)U$"n("?$"dá$a a <a);ar"r$%á)i"% a$"n': r"!!aná$"% &e%e(9 Addi)-"'"("& +$ a $%(á'ini )arni(ra $*&6'e(ei a%%a' &+dee%(e,"); a $%i)"r'a%='á$á&a', a 8"'i(iai re&i%i"ni%<=$, a )a%da$á)ire>"r<" &e$%+';e%(e(i a $%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;"a(, a<e';ne &+?de'<+re (*r( i a <a);ar >"rrada'"<9-in(a e% a% ""$"dá$ a% );ne&e%e(( rend$%er&á'(á$( *?&e(en i$ e);re na);"!! (ere( :dQ(ana <a)ána9 Ha a $%ára% (+?n;e!' ind='=n i, i)a%"':dni 'á($%i e% a% e'<+'e(9 A% An(a''?"r<án; $%:!an =);anU$a a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU=na( (P%(e"r$%á)'á$a U+)+r+6'9 Á< a $%a!ad$á)arU <+) +' r+$%(&e&i<e)!eU$6'+$+!en na);"n $%P<arna !i%"n;='(9 B*r(*n+&en?+n( <in(e); e); i': di$%n:$ e''en+r(++&e' e<e'(e n;=)dQja?a( +$ +r(+(e'en ár8:('á$i je);ee' 'á((a e'e)endne <e)(i$%?





<e)>e'ede%e((, 8+n%+r( <indenre a8a(: $%e+r("':i 8=>ajá!a*'(*%&e a 'e)&ada!! $%adi%<=$$a' r"n("((a rá a% e)+$% <a);ar ne<%e(re <indeni!en Fe''en>"rrada'<ár( 'á((a9 A e%6re e?r6'( a >"rrada'<i <"%)a'"<!an !ár<i';en je'en(+(e'en <:d"n i$

a%"n"$='( e<!eree( e);e('en Qn%á$"a' +n;$%erQ(e((+ a% á'?(a'= di(á'( !Pn* !ei$<er+$+re9 V*r*$ <e)$%á''"(($á))a' ere$?(+ a ne< '+(e% a'á''i$(áa(9A e);e('en <e)("r'á$ e'' (*!!, <in( e(($%á%e%er "n>i(ár?$=n +n;$%er6'( ide)en!e9 S%erenU$+('en U$a'ád" &á'(a >*'d*n?>=(:á, ne< e);$%er $%+($%aad&a9A8á, >i, 'eán;", an;á, $%6', na);$%6', a8r: );er?<ee $%aad(a e' e);<á$(:'9 E% a na); ne<%e(i e"d=$ ie?

(e('en >ájda'<a( +$ &e$%(e$$+)e( ""%"(( a% e)+$% "r$%á)na9 );'á($%i a%"n!an .ádárna <+) e% i$ <e)+r(e9 .ádár /án"$ e)+$%+'e(e (e&+en;$+)+&e' i<erQ(e((e a a%aár='á$ <inden >"r<ájá(9A <a);ar (*r(+ne'e< e&+$ i';en $%e<+r<e('en ne<%e(ár=':( i$?<er, a (a'á'ni 8árjá( e);á'(a'án9-ái) i$<ere('en $%á< >ia(a'( $%á''Q("((a i er$%aa' aS%"&je(=ni:!a, a"nnan (*!!en a <ai na8i) $e< (+r(e a%a9 A<a);ar 'a"$$á) <e)>+'e<'Q(+$e "';an na); &"'(, "); a <ai >"?

)a'<ain $%erin( $%in(e 'e $e< Qra(:9 A% e'>")"(( >ia(a'" S%"&? je(=ni:!a de8"r(á'á$á&a' e);id!en $=(("): 8r"8a)andáj=a' i$?5 G;=r: Lá$%':# ArU+8&á%'a( (*r(+ne'e'jQ("((á a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r !e>eje%+$+( *&e(en an?)"%(a("(( $%(á'ini &+'e<+n;(# <i$%erin( -a);ar"r$%á) U$=8án &a?)"n+rd+$9 A Qred( <"ndá$( e%((a' Hr=$U$"&(:' $%ár<a%(a(&a9 Ne<%e(ide)en !Qr:$á)" $"a ne< 'á("(( !$+)!en );ár("((á aa'á'"$ +$ a (*!! +&(i%ede$ !*r(*nQ(+'e(ee(9 A !*r(*n>+re';e ián;ára 8ana$%"d: ara(a'<i$(ána .ádár a%( a F8ra(i=$(anáU$"( ad(a, "); "%%ana (*!! a'á'"$ Q(+'e(e(9A% e)+$% ne<%e( re((e)e((, i$%en '+'e!en <indeni >"rra?da'<ár &"'(, +$ $"a$e< (=d(a, <i"r U$a8na 'e rá9 A $%a!ad?<P&e$ !"'$e&i$(a in&i%QUi: $*(+( eri >e$%Q(e((+ ere$%(re a%e)+$% "r$%á)"(9 7+'e'<+!en a <a);ar i$ ir("((a a <a);ar(9



A% a<eriai "r<án; $%e<>+n;&e$%( <a)a(ar(á$á( ie(e(?'en )a'ád$á) je''e<%i9E);>e'' (i("!an !i%(a((a, $"a' iná!! *&e(e'(e, "); aS%"&je(=ni: a 'e)$6r)$e!!en á''Q($a e';re -a);ar"r$%á)"n a

*%*$en ia'aQ("(( );ar<a(i =ra'<a(, <á$>e'' a% á'(a'a >enn(ar?("(( S%a!ad E=r:8a +$ a% A<eria Han)ja rádi:adá$ai&a' =$%Q(ja ane<%e(e( a% "r"$% :dQ(: e''en9 Di8'"<áUiai $Q"n 8edi) <a)a(erje$%(e((e a% ENSZ !i%("n$á)i (anáU$a e'+, a"' a% "r"$%"na &+(:j")a &an, a% );ne&e%e(( <a);ar 6);e(9 G"nd"$an &i);á%&a,ne"); a% a% ENSZ *%);P'+$e e'+ er6'j*n9 7enná''"(( =);ani$anna a &e$%+';e, "); a *%);P'+$ "';an d*n(+$( "%, ");ENSZ !+e>enn(ar(: ere( &e%+n;e'jen -a);ar"r$%á)ra9 A%

E);e$6'( Á''a<" 8"'i(iájá(:' 8edi) e'$%a!adQ(á$i d"("riná(9 E%( =);ani$ U$a a );ar<a?(" r+)i );ar<a((ar(:i a':'i >e'$%a!adQ(á$ára +r(e((e, "); a%(án a$ajá( i%$á<án;"'á$a a'á &"na$$a9A $%"&je( a)re$$%i: n;"<án a ne<%e( n;aára 6'(e(e(( <e)?j='( $%a!ad<P&e$ a(a'"< <a);ar$á) e''eni ir(: adjára(á&a'-a);ar"r$%á)"n i$<+( rrá 'e(( a $*(+( *%+8"r9 A &á'("%a('an='

%$id: &e%e((e !"'$e&i$(a ara(a'"< &á'")a("(( $%+'á<"$$á)" *%*n+&e' $an;ar)a((a a% "r$%á) 'a"$$á)á(9 A<i"r a% "r$%á) (e?<e(i U$endj+!en <ár <inden %aj e'6'(, i&á'($á)ai ("&á!!i !i%?("$Q(á$ára <inden ár"n i);ee%(e >"n("$$á)= 'á($%a(á( >enn(ar?(ani9 <a)= Qr(a 6'*n!*% >e'je'en(+$ee( a% e''en>"rrada'?<ár" ne< '+(e% )ará%dá'"dá$ir:' a% i''e(+e$ 8ár(!i%"(($á)" >e'+9 E%ene a% á'ne&e a'a(( Qr:d"(( !eje'en(+$ene e);$+)e$1@4 !e>eje%+$e i&+(e' n+'6' a% a *&e(e'+$ &"'(, "); a ara(a'"< (eá( $ajá( <a)= ne e$%(;P$ +%%e' e%e'je a% e''en>"rrada'?<ár"a(, ane< (aarQ($a e' &+)re a% (!:' e(9 A "r<án; &e?%e(+$+( i$ e'a'<"%(á e%ee' a a<i$ in>"r<áUi:a', a<e';ne je'en($ $%ere8e &"'( a >"';a<a("$ );P'*'*d 8$%iU:%i$ >enn?(ar(á$á!an9E% anná' i$ >ájda'<a$a!!, <er( e $%+'á<"$$á) i(er&e'i +$



&+)reaj(:i *%*(( $ajn"$ <a);ar$á)=n!:' (e'je$en i&e(%*((<a);ar $%6' á'(a' ne&e'( a%aár=':á $i'án;='( e<!ere i$&"'(a9 Ne< i$ e&e$enM Na); I<re <"$%&ai 8aranU$ra (*r(+n i&+)%+$e =(án a

F$%"Uia'i$(a a(a'"< a $%"&je( $%=r"n;""n e'(er8e$%ed&e "((>"';(a(ja a !"'$e&i$(a )a%da$á)i $%ere%e( ia'aQ(á$á(, a"' Rá"$ia!!aa);ni +n;$%er6'(9 -a);ar"r$%á)ra &"na("%(a(&a ne< i)a%a% a de>inQUi:, <i$%erin( a $%=r"n;"a' <inden( e' 'ee( +rni,U$a +88en 6'ni ne< 'ee( raj(a9 .ádár+ a'a8"$an ráUá>"'(a erre910?i) e);>"';(á!an raj(a 6'(e9 A"r $e< a raj(a 6' a'>e'e$e!e$ede(( i, ane< +8'e(e$en $%:'&a a $%=r"n;" )*r!6'(e <e)9 A <a);ar <e%)a%da$á) "'"%"$Q(á$á!a <+) a <inden

ájja' <e)en( Rá"$i i$ !e'e!="((9 A 8=>ajá$" á'(a' <e)(e?re<(e(( r+<=ra'"< á(án .ádár+ j!:' "%%á>")na9 /:' >i%e(e(( 8ár(a)i(á("r" (*<e)e r"n("(( a <a);ar *n(=da(á( 'e)iná!! <e)?r% 8ara$%($á)=nra, "); &á'")a("(( er$%aa' iU$iarja a'á?Qrá$á( a (er<e'$%*&e(e%e(e!e &a': !e'+8+$+e%9 -inden>aj(a >i?%iai er$%a a'a'<a%á$a <e)en)ede(( &"'( a <a)a$ >ej8+n%e j=(a'<á+r( e%e a >+e&e$%e(( &*r*$ a%aár=': +'(e i$ &e'e9 S%á?<"$ )a%da !e'er6'( >ájda'<á!a, <á$" >e'aa$%("((á <a)=a(,

de a <e%)a%da$á) "'"%"$Q(á$á( <+) á(<ene(i'e) $e< $%6ne?(e'(e((+, ane< a 8ara$%($á) +$ a% e)+$% "r$%á) na); árára !e?>eje%(+9 @A <a);ar >"rrada'"< i8r"&"á':i $%á<Q(á$a (e'je$ <+r(+? !en i)a%"'(a ia);a':i e'+8%e'+$+(9 -in(e); (i%en+( +&i) ne<U$a a <a);ar", de a (*!!i .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a(" n+8ei i$n+<án (Pr(+ i%$á<án;"'á$= <inden >"r<ájá(9 A S%"&je(=ni:%a'a(á$ n+'6' 'á%Q(a((a >e' a ide)á!"r á'arUa <*)*(( An)'ia,7ranUia"r$%á), Be')i=<, H"''andia $(!9 );ar<a(ai(, a<e';e a%@ G;=r: Lá$%':# Id+%e(( "rrá$ai



e);re &+"n;"dna9 ); (Pni a%"n!an, "); a $%=e%i?U$a("rnae'&e$%Q(+$e <indenn+' >ájda'<a$a!!an +rin(i An)'iá( +$ 7ranUia"r?$%á)"(9 A i8r"&"á'( <a);ar >"rrada'"< (ere<(e((e ne<%e(*%i%Pr%a&ar a'a'<a$ 'ee($+)e( 'á($%"(( (ere<(eni a U$a("rna &i$$%a?

$%er%+$+re9A r*&id'á(: an)"'?>ranUia "r<án; a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" (á?<")a(á$á( !i%("$ra &+&e, anna !i%("$Q(á$a +rde+!en <a)a <e''+&+&e I%rae'( i$, '+)i(á<adá$( in(+%ne E);i8("< e''en, <ajd "r(Said!an +$ "r( 7a=nd!an 8ar(ra i$ $%á''na9 A% an)"' +$ >ranUia"r<án;na a%"n!an Qn"$ <e)'e8e(+$!en 'e$% r+$%e9 Hiá!an;er(+ <e) (er&6*% a% A<eria á'(a' "'; >e'(Pnen );á<"'Q("((I%rae'(, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" ne< á'' <e''+j6, $( a% ENSZ?e',

e%((a' a *%);P'+$$e', >e);&er$%6ne(re +n;$%erQ(i e(9 Érdee$>"rd='a( *&e(e%i9 A<eria a (i("!an a S%"&je(=ni:( +ri >e' a%an)"'" +$ >ranUiá <e)'eU+%(e(+$+re9 Enne <e)>e'e'en a$%"&je( "r<án; 19 n"&e<!er ?+n a% e)+$% &i'á) U$"dá'a(áraer+';e$en >e'$%:'Q(ja a% an)"' +$ >ranUia "r<án;(, a%"nna' $%6n?(e$$+ <e) a% E);i8("< e''eni in(er&enUi:(, <er( 6'*n!en >e);?&ere$en !ea&a("%i E);i8("< "'da'án9-á$na8 Ei$en"_er( j!:' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e'n*+&+

&á'a$%(já, ai <"$( a%( a (anáU$"( adja a% an)"' +$ a >ranUia "r?<án;na, (e);ene e'e)e( a S%"&je(=ni: ='(i<á(=<ána, <er(6'*n!en &i'á)á!"r (*r i, $ e!!en rá ne $%á<Q($ana9-a);ar"r$%á))a' e''en(+(!en a >e);&er$%6ne( !e(ar(á$ána !i%("$Q(á$ára E);i8("<!a <e)+re%ne a% ENSZ?U$a8a("9 A%an)"'" +$ >ranUiá 8edi) d"')= &+)e%e('en6' e'a);já a% ara!"r$%á)"(9 E%%e' a &á'$á) &+)e( i$ +r, de a >=rU$a +$ +rdee$ (an='?$á) a% e)+$% &i'á) $%á<ára <e)<arad9La(in?A<eria )a%da$á)i );ar<a("$Q(á$á( a% "r"$%"na =);ani$ (' <e$$%e &an A<eria &á''a'ja <a)ára9 -:d$%ereia%"n!an e'(+rne a $%"&je( );a"r'a((:'9 .6'*n!*% 8+n%6);i $e?)+';ee' i);e$%i !e>"';á$a a'á &"nni e(9 E%e a% e);"r $8an;"' );ar<a(" a%"n!an );aran ('jár(a a 6'*n*$ :dQ(: e$%+n9 Lá($%:'a) a("nai 8=UU$"a' d*n(*)e((+ <e) e);<á$1@



a(a'<á(9 Ne< e);$%er a <e)d*n(*(( +$ a% j a(a'"< (i("$e);e(+r(+$+&e'9 A% 6);e'e(e$, 8=UU$a' a(a'"<ra er6'( a("nai=n>a, =ra'<a <e)$%i'árdQ(á$á"% i);ee%e(( <in+' na);"!! a<e?riai $e)+';( <e)$%ere%ni9 V+)6' a d"'") <ár "dái) >aj='(, "); a

8=UU$i$(a "r$%á)" (i("!an 6(e<e%(+ e);<á$ *%*(( a% A<eriaá'(a' >inan$%Qr"%"(( a(a'"<&á'(á$(9 A !e'? +$ )a%da$á) 8"'i(iá((er&$%erPen &e%e((+ a!!a a% irán;!a, "); a% a<eriai "r<án;?%a( <e)e'+)e'je <P*d+$6e( +$ j a(a'"<&á'(: a("nai U$"8"r(=(án 'e);en +n;(e'en n+%ni9 E%e 8edi) e);re j"!!an <e)+r(+ a !":%a( árá(9A $8an;"' ='(rán ne&e'ede(( 'a(in?a<eriaia ne< &"'(a <e)e(e(e( a%%a' a ide)á!"r$ <a$%'a))a', a<e'; E=r:8á!an9

Á%$iá!an +$ A>riá!an "';an j:' <P*d*((9 ); La(in?A<eria6'*n*$ <e):dQ(á$a e);re (*!! a<eriai 8+n%( i)+n;e'(9 .i e'?'e(( (eá( (a'á'ni &a'a<i(, a"';a<"dna9A% j Q$+r'e( a'an;a .=!a 'e$%9 E%((a' ne< n+án; (á!"rn" 8=UU$a &e( &+)e( Ba(i$(a e'n* a(a'<ána9 7ide' Ja$(r" +$ (e$(&+?re R=% 8ar(i%ánad$ere)e( $%er&e% +$ )eri''aá!"r( indQ( a "r?

<án; e''en9 a<e'; i'enU :na8 <'&a <e)d*n(i Ba(i$(a "r<á?n;á(9 A 7ide' Ja$(r" á'(a' a'aQ("(( "r<án; );"r$ +$ 'á(&án;"$ á(?a'aQ(á$!a >")9 Á''a<"$Q(ja a% a<eriaia (='ajd"ná!an '+& U=?"rnád 6'(e(&+n;ee( +$ >*'dre>"r<"( aj( &+)re9 E%e a% in(+%e?d+$e e);+r(e'<P$Q(i, "); e%((a' "<<=ni$(a a(a'"<á(&+(e'(*r(+n(9 A S%"&je(=ni: <e)a'a='á$a =(án a%"nna' e' i$ i$<eri a%j "r<án;(9 E);e$ Qr>"rrá$" (=dni &+'i9 "); a $aj(: á'(a' >"?';a<a("$an >a&"ri%á'( 7ide' Ja$(r" %$id: $%ár<a%á$9 Ne< 'ee?(e('en9 Ne+% e'+8%e'ni, "); $8an;"' $%ár<a%á$ +$ <P&e'($+)Pe<!er a%ája e'ár='á$á!an i';en i<a)a$': (e'je$Q(<+n;( n;j($"n9-i+r( i$ &"'( $%6$+)e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"na .=!a "<?<=ni%á'á$áraWT*!! ""( i$ 'ee( rá (a'á'ni9 A 'e)>"n("$a!! a%"n!an, ");e're((en( 8+'dá( adjana a (*!!i 'a(in?a<eriai );ar<a("$Q(á$rai$%e<e'( á''a< r+$%+re9 Ha ne< á''na !e a% A<eria &e%+n;e'(e



$"r!a, a"r !i%"n; .=!a $"r$ára j=(na9);ana"r a'a8"$an <e)*nn;Q(e((e a <inden"ri a<eriaie'n* +$ "r<án; d"')á( a $%ená(=$$a' $%e<!en a a("nai iadá?1@5

$" <e)$%a&a%(a(á$ára9 Ne< e'' 6'*n !i%"n;Q(ani, "); a <e)n*&eede(( adi iadá$", a >e);&ere%+$ a$%na );$%:'&án (e'? je$ <+r(+!en a adian;a)?);ár(: %$id: 8'=("ráUia %$e!+enU$a8:di 'e9 A% e$e<+n;e i';en a'a='á$a (eá( n;i'&án +rde+? !en á''(9 Ha ne< ); 'enne, a"r a% a<eriai ader e);e('en +(a'a(( <+) a% e<'++( i$ i$*8*re((e &"'na 7ide' Ja$(r"na +$rend$%er+ne .=!a $%i)e(+r'9A% a<eriai "r<án;" 8"'i(iájára je''e<%, "); e)+$%

.e'e(?E=r:8a re"<<=ni%á'á$a =(án, a<i"r <ár a% a'a8Q(:S%"&je(=ni: i$ >e'ad(a a $%"Uia'i$(ána ne&e%e(( (ár$ada'<á(, .=? !á!an &á'("%a('an=' (ar(ja <a)á(9 -ind a"); e)+$% .e'e(?E=r:8a"<<=ni$(a &e%e(i e'(Pn(e, i( <e));i'"'(a, i( <á$ <:d"n6'd(e a <á$&i'á)ra, a $%erenU$+$e!!ee( >+'reá''Q("((á9 7ide'Ja$(r" a%"n!an <+) 2004?!en i$ 'á(a(: (e$(i?, >e'(ee(en !i%"?n;"$ <+r(+i) $%e''e"';a<a("$ $e)+';e%+$+(, a =!ai (ár$ada'"< <P*d+$e a "rá!!i$%Qn&"na'"n <+)i$ (*re('en9 Ne< 'ee( +($+)e$, 7ide' Ja$(r" (a?'á'( e); j >"rrá$(, a<e'; !i%("$Q(ja .=!a (ar(á$dQjá(9J$a (i88e'ni (=d=n, "); e% ine á''a( +rde+!en9 Va':?$%QnP ne< jár=n <e$$%e a% i)a%$á)(:', a a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" (i("$ Fj:(+"n;"dá$ára );ana$%=n9-inden e$e(re a% a drá<aina 'á($%: ra+(a?!":%a(, a<e';.enned; +$ Hr=$U$"& e'adá$á!an a $%"&je( ra+(á =!ai (e'e8Q?(+$+r' +$ &i$$%a&"ná$ár:' 'ejá($%:d"((, +rdee$ $%Qn>"'(ja &"'( aa(&ana$ +&e (*r(+ne(+ne9 Ne< $%a!ad e<'Q(+$ n+'6' a);ni .enned; 8+n%6);i re?>"r<Q$+r'e(+(9 T=d"(( d"'"), "); a% a<eriai >i%e(e$%*% i!"?U$á(á$á(, &a);i$ a je);!an $%ere8+( e); <a)án !anU$"8"r( (ar(jaa e%+!en9 E%( a &i'á)$%er(e e);ed6'i j")"$Q(&án;( e%e a !an",$"a' iná!! $%a!ad<P&e$ !anár" *%&e('en a% e'$ &i'á)?



á!"r i(*r+$e e'(( $%ere%(+ <e)9 A% =);anU$a $%a!ad<P?&e$ i'$"n e'n* aj("((a ere$%(6' a (*r&+n;"%á$"n9A >ia(a' .enned; +'e$ '")iájá&a' *nn;en +$ );"r$an >e'i$?<er(e, "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;ána a(a'<a$ ára

$%ár<a%i a!!:', "); a n;"<dai *n*'($+)en e'á''Q("(( +$ a"r<án;na *'U$*n*%*(( d"''ár<i''i:+r( a(a'<a$ a<a("( >i%e(9E 8+'dá('an <i$$%i:( e);e('en á''a< );a"r'a(á!an $e< 'ee(1@@<e)(a'á'ni9 A 8+n%&er+$ r+)en a irá';" j")a &"'(9 A de<"ráUiaá'dá$aina !e);PrP%+$+&e' e%( a j")"( a ne<%e(i (*r&+n;"%á$ e'?'enr%+$e <e''e(( <inden á''a< ne<%e(i !anja );a"r"'ja9 Bár a&i'á)!anna +$ ne<%e(*%i &a'=(a a'a8na ne&e%e(( %$id: &e?

%e((e in(+%<+n;e +&r'?+&re $%"r"$a!! e''enr%+$6 a'á &"njá e%ee( a% in(+%<+n;ee(9 A U+' n;i'&án&a':# <e)$%ere%ni a% á''a?e'$+)j")á( i$9 A% e'ad:$"dá$ <e$(er?$+)e$ '+(re"%á$a e%( <ár &i$$%a&"na(a('an=' <e)a'a8"%(a9A% a<eriai de<"ráUiára je''e<%, "); a .enned;?);i'"$$á) i&i%$)á'á$ára a'aQ("(( !i%"(($á) je'en(+$+( e(&en +&re%ár"'(á9 A% a<eriai n+8ne ai <e)&á'a$%("((a ne< e''(=dnia, "); i +$ <i+r( );i'"'(á <e) a% "r$%á) e'n*+(9 A%

O$%&a'd?(e:ria e); na);"n );en)e re)+n; rI<i a(e):riájá!a $"?r"'a(:9.enned; e); !i%"n;"$ +rdeU$"8"r( +rdeei( $';"$an <e)?$+r(e((e9 -+)8edi) "';an +rdeU$"8"r(+(, a<e';ne rendQ&6'i<+) a "r<án;+ná' i$ na);"!! a(a'"< &an a e%+!en9 -i $e< !i%"n;Q(ja e%( j"!!an, <in( .enned; >i&+r+ne R"!er(ne <i=?(án !eje'en(e((e ind='á$á( a *&e(e% e'n*&á'a$%(á$"n <e)?);i'"'á$a9 edi) e%((a' O$%&a'd F<a)án;"$ aUi:jár:' $%: $e<'ee(e((9 Va':$%QnP a *&e(e% e'n*&á'a$%(á$ e'(( a <á$i .en?ned; >ina, Ed&ardna i$ <e)6%en(+, a +'ni aar &e$$e e' e'?n*i a<!QUi:i(9Ed&ard =);ani$ n"a ind='á$a $%:!a er6'( a);(a <a)á(U$a'ádja +$ !ará(ai á'(a' 'e!e$%+'ni9 -indenine 8=$%(='nia e''(eá(, air' aár U$a );anQ(ani 'ee(, "); &á'("%(a(ni aar 7edera' Re$er&e F&á'a$%("(( !anáraina na); a$%n"( "%:



F6%'e(+n9A S%"&je(=ni: irán;Q("((a (i("$ ana<=na *&e(e%(+!ene);re $%a8"r"dna a 'á%adá$", 8=UU$", )eri''aarU" An)'ia,7ranUia"r$%á) +$ Be')i=< $(!9 );ar<a(ain9

E F<"%)a'<a á'(a' >e'%a'a("(( );ar<a(" Fj")i e';%e(+(&+)6' i$ a% a<eriai $%a&a%:)+88+ $i'án;Q("(( ENSZ Frende%i, 8"n("$a!!an &á'("%(a(ja <e) A<eria +rdeeine <e)>e'e'en9A% an)"'" n+<án (Pri a F(ár$ada'ej'd+$ 6'*n*$ irán;?&á'(á$á(9 A >ranUiá a%"n!an <e)8r:!á'já 6'*n*$en A')+riae$e(+!en <e)á''Q(ani e%( a );an$ >"';a<a("(9 H"$$%an(ar(: e'?'ená''á$= &+)6' i$ =darUUa' &+)%di9 A !e')á, "''and",1@

8"r(=)á'" $8an;"'" >e'i$<er&e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ aS%"&je(=ni: 6'*n*$ e);6((<P*d+$+( <e)adjá <a)=a(9 Haj?dani )a%da)$á)= a% an;a"r$%á) (er6'e(+re $%"r=' &i$$%a9-in(a -a);ar"r$%á) 'e)ja!! "ri (*r(+ne'<e (i%en+( +&e$ 8eri:d=$"!an a'adna ("&á!!9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r de >aU("1449 &+)+n (='ajd"n+88en &+)e( +r(9 Ti%en+( +& <'&a 1? !an i8r"&"á'já ("&á!!i i%$á<án;"'a(:$á)a +rde+!en a"<<=ni%<=$ e''eni 'e)na);"!! >"rrada'<a(9 A% ja!! (i%en+(

+& >"rd=':ja $e< <'i e' e$e<+n;(e'en6'9 A% "r$%á) )a%da$á)á?na á''a<a8i(a'i$(a á(+8Q(+$e =);an F$%erenU$+$en !e>eje%d*((,a<i e);!en a%( i$ je'en(i, "); <P*d+8e$$+)+ne a(árá"%+re%e((9 A )a%da$á) ne< +8e$ <e)(er<e'ni a 'a"$$á) e''á(á$á?"% $%6$+)e$ ár=a(9 -a);ar='# ne< (=dja e'(ar(ani *n<a)á(9A á!"r e'(( a <e)U$"nQ("(( "r$%á) +8e$ &"'( >+' E=r:8á(+'e'<i$%erre' e''á(ni9 -"$( 8edi) (*!! a'a8&e( +'e'<i$%er( <+)<indi) i<8"r(á'ni e''9 1?"( *&e( e'$ +&e!en <+) en;+r?)a!"na !e"%a(a'ára i$ +n;$%er6'(6n9A &á'("%á$" ("&á!! ne< a'a$%(:M -a);ar"r$%á)"n i$ !ee'' &e%e(ni a Lenin á'(a' a'a'<a%"(( NE?"r$%a"(9 -a);ar"r?$%á) P!+ri <i&"'(á( <i $e< je''e<%i j"!!an9 <in("); a% j )a%?da$á)i <eUani%<=$na e'ere$%(e'( $%er+n; )a%da$á)irán;Q(á$i&á'("%(a(á$( a S%"&je(=ni: *r*<$%aad(ái) e''en%i9 XN"r<á'i$ *?r6'<+n;e *%*(( a%( 'ee(e(( &"'na <"ndani# $e<<i *%e "%%áY,



$( n+án; +& <'&a e);$%erPen <e)(i'(ja9 A% j )a%da$á)irán;Q?(á$i rend$%er a $%a!ada!! )a%dá'"dá$ en)ed+';e%+$+&e' ered<+?n;e$ne !i%"n;='(9 A -a);ar"r$%á)ra 'á(")a(: $%"&je( 8ár("'i)ar?Uiá e'+8ed&e $%*rn;6'*d(e a% 6%'e(e $%á<=ra ie(e('en

ár=!$+)+n9 S+r6'ni 'á($%"(( a "<<=ni%<=$ a%"n d")<ája, <i?$%erin( a $%"Uia'i$(a á''a<"na e);$+)e$ >ej'd+$i 8á';án X$"a'iná!! >ej'e('en$+)i 8á';ánY e'' a'adni=9 A S%"&je(=ni: &e%e(ine< a%"n )"nd"'"d(a, ");an 'ee(ne a (*!!i &a%a''=$ +$ a $a? já( )a%da$á)á( -a);ar"r$%á) $%Qn&"na'ára e<e'ni, iná!! &i$$%ae'' &e(ni ( a (*!!ie e'<arad"(($á)ána á''a8"(á!a9A )a%da$á) <"%)á$irán;á( a%"n!an (e'je$ <+r(+!en &i$$%a?>"rdQ(ani <ár ne< 'ee(e((, U$=8án >ej'd+$+( &i$$%a>")ni, +$'e'?

(e(ni9 A n;=)a(i )+8e +$ (eUn"':)iá <ár ? a i$ <+r(+!en i$ ? !e+86'(e a <a);ar (er<e'+$!e9 E%e 6%e<!en (ar(á$a ("&á!!ie);6((<P*d+$( i)+n;e'(9 A S%"&je(=ni: e%%e' a8U$"'a(!an a10<a)a $%á<ára i)en 8ra(i=$ <e)"'dá$( &á'a$%("((9 Arra *(e'e%(ea <a);ar i8ar( +$ ere$ede'<e(, "); a de&i%á+r( !e"%"(( a'a(?r+$% !e+8Q(+$P )+8ee( r=!e' >i%e(+$e <e''e(( a S%"&je(=ni:na $%á''Q($a9 E% 8edi) U$a e);re n*&e& de&i%a (ei(e'e >e'&+?

(e'e <e''e(( &"'( 'ee($+)e$9 ); a S%"&je(=ni:na +rde+&+ &á'( aa8i(a'i$(a *'U$*n* -a);ar"r$%á) á'(a'i >e'&+(e'e9A"); a <a);ar *%<"ndá$ &a''ja# e&+$ *%!en j*n <e) a%+(&á);9 E% a S%"&je(=ni:ra >""%"((an i)a% &"'(9 Ne< e'+)ede((<e) a >ej'e((e!! (eUn"':)iáj <a);ar (er<+e e'&+(e'+&e', a?ne< a >e'&e(( (ei(e'e je'en($ r+$%+( i$ <a)ána *&e(e'(e9 A>e'&e(( *'U$*n* 2^?á( $ajá( r+$%+re e'&e((e9 Va':$%QnP e%e a$%"&je( á''a<inU$(ár!a !e $e< er6'(e, ane< a 8ár( 'e)>e'$!!&e%e(i <a)= *%*(( e'"$%("((á9 E%e a% *$$%e)e =);ani$ ne<i&a(a'"$ !ani á(=(a'á$ ere(+!en j=("((a i a S%"&je(=ni:!a, a?ne< a <a);ar"r$%á)i e';(ar(: !r*nd*!en <a)= &i((+ i-"$%&á!a9A <á$i 2^ >e'e(( rende'e%+$i j")"( >"r<á'(9 E%( a% *$$%e?)e( a S%"&je(=ni: a%"na a a8i(a'i$(a a(a'<a á'(a' <ár (e'je?$en 'e"8a$%("((, e'<arad"(( á''a<" $e)+';e%+$+re rende'(e,



a<e';e &+)$ +($+)!ee$+$6!en n+e'a$%ná'á$ára a >e'&e(( i(e'ene U$=? 8án a >e'e j=("((, a<e';ne je'en($ r+$%e a%(án a 8ár( 'e)>e'$!!

&e%e(ine $&ájUi <a)án$%á<'áira &ánd"r"'(9 A% +)e(en $%6$+?)e$ $%ere%e(&á'(á$ra, >ej'e(( (eUn"':)ia +$ anna )+8'ánUairaU$=8án je'+8e$ *$$%e)e j=("((a9-inderr' 8er$%e a i(e'e% !an" i$ (=d(a, ai +'+n >i?);e'e<<e' Q$+r(+ *'U$*nad"(( 8+n%6 ("&á!!i <"%)á$á(9 Ha 8edi) (=d(á, a"r (=d(a a (*!!i na);a(a'"<, 6'*n*$en a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;a i$9 -i a%"n!an ne< (=d=n arr:',"); e%( a 'e)i$e!! <:d"n i$ e''ene%(+ &"'na9

E%%e' +$ Q); e%dd*(( (='ajd"n+88en -a);ar"r$%á) 6'>*'?di e'ad:$"dá$a, a<e'; <ind a <ai na8i) (ar(, a%:(a i$ >i%e(j6, de>i%e(ni >")já $ajn"$ =n"áin i$9A )a%da$á) e'<arad"(($á)ána 8r"!'+<ája ne< U$a -a?);ar"r$%á)"n je'en(e%e((9 Ve'6n e); id!en a J$e$%'"&á 8ár(&e%e(+$ i$ '+8ni +n;$%er6'(9 Lá(&a a <a);ar"r$%á)i j )a%da?$á)i <eUani%<=$ !e&e%e(+$e e''eni $%"&je( >e'á!"r"dá$(, 11

"<<=ni$(á!!na 'á($%: je'$%:&a' 8r:!á'(a $%erenU$+(9 A 8ár( j&e%e(+$e, +'+n A'eander D=!Uee' a )a%da$á)i re>"r<na a%Fe<!erarU $%"Uia'i%<=$ >edne&e( ad(a9 A S%"&je(=ni:na a? 8:ra j*(( a U$e$%'"&á" jQ(á$i Q$+r'e(e9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"?r!an );%(e$ a(a'"<na U$>"'( "rr$á)"( a &e$%+';!e er6'( $%"?Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;" <e)&+d+$e 6r6);+n <a)a <e''+ +n;$%erQ(&e(*!!i &a%a''=$ai( i$ a("nai'a) <e)$%á''(a9 A 6'*n*$ $%ere8e( já(?$%: R"<ániána a%"n!an <e)en)ed(e a% in(ernaUi"na'i$(a $e)Q(?$+)n;j(á$!:' >a': i<aradá$á(9 Ne< Q); -a);ar"r$%á)na, ai e); i$$+ <+) (' i$ 'ie)(e<a)á(9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(áni <a);ar"r$%á)i %$id: "r<á?n;", de .ádár e<!erei i$ i)en );aran &e(e((+ a <a);ar$á)$%e<+re, "); r+$%( &e(( Hi('er "'da'án a á!"r!an +$ <e) $e< 8r:!á'(a "nnan <a)á( i&"nni9 -inde%( a% e)+$% <a);ar ne<%e("''e(Q& á!"r$ !Pn+6' r:já >e' <ind a <ai na8i)9 H"'"((



<inde%( +88en a% (anáU$=ra +$ &+de'<6 +rde+!en (e((6 +$+88en enne ("&á!!i (e'je$Q(e($+)e +rde+!en =(a$Q("((á e'<inden á!"r!:' &a': i'+8+$i 8r:!á'"%á$=na(9 -"$( a%"n!ane';+n&a': a +rd+$# 1@?!an a <a);ar"r$%á)i "<<=ni$(a

e';(ar(: <i+r( &e((e r+$%( a S%"&je(=ni: "'da'án a J$e$%'"&á?ia e''eni ad<P&e'e(e!enW Hi$%en -a);ar"r$%á)na $e<P%d*(( ee% a !"'$e&i$(a a)re$$%i:"%9A% 1@?a$ +& ne<U$a a $%"Uia'i$(a "r$%á)" )a%da$á)i 8r"!'+<ájá( je);%i9 NinU$ e% <á$+88 a% Fe''en(á!"r!an $e<9E'n*&á'a$%(á$i +& '+&+n 'ee($+) Qná'"%i a% irán;&á'(á$ra9A<eria +' i$ &e'e9 Ni"n(, Ei$en"_er "rá!!i e'n* a'e'n*+(&á'a$%(já e'n*+9 Ni"n $%"&je(e''ene$ 8"'i(i=$ Qr+!en á''"((,

ai "rá!!an (a)ja &"'( a $"a( e<'e)e(e(( A<eriae''ene$ Te&+?en;$+)e( Vi%$)á': Bi%"(($á)na9 Rende'e%e(( <ind a%"a' aS(i)<áa', a<e';e e); Q)+re(e$ e'n*je'*'( e'<arada(a('ane''+ei9 A<in( 'á(ni >")j= e'n*i <P*d+$e a'a8"$an ráUá>"'<ajd a !e ne< a&a("((a &ára"%á$ára9Bei(a(á$a =(án Ni"n $%e<!e(a'á'ja <a)á( a% a<eriai )a%?da$á) á'(a'a "rá!!an ne< i$ $ej(e(( &á'$á)ána *$$%e$ &"na("%á?$ai&a'9 A a("nai iadá$" e'+r(+ a a(a'<a$ á''a< *'($+)&e(+$?

+ne ne);&en $%á%a'+á(9 A &ie(naej'e$%(+$e (ei)+n;+(, "); A<eria)a%da$á)i 8"%QUi:i r"a<"$an );en)6'ne a n;=)a(?e=r:8ai +$ ja? 8án U+)ee' >"';(a("(( &er$en;!en9 A &á'$á) a%"n!an ne< "r?'á("%:di a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"ra9 1@?!an An)'ia a 7"n( 'e+r(+?e'+$+re +n;$%er6'(9 1?!en a >ranUia >ran"( +r(+e'i 'e9 N+?<e("r$%á) 8edi) >e'+r(+e'i a <árá(9 151?!en Ni"n ár? +$ !+r?$("8"( rende' e' 0 na8"$ a(áridre9 .+n;(e'en a !e"%a(a'( i$"r'á("%ni9 A% i<8"r( Uie 0^?ra 10^?"$ 8:(ad:( &e( i9 A'e)$';"$a!! in(+%ed+$ne <"nda(: a 6'>*'di je);!an" (=?'ajd"ná!an '+& d"''ár+$%'e(e aran;!an (*r(+n á(&á'(á$i *(e'e?%e(($+)+ne >e'>6))e$%(+$e, a<e'; (='ajd"n+88en a <ai na8i)



(ar(9 Ni"n (anáU$ad:i a .Qnai 8iaU <e)n;i(á$á( ja&a$"'já9 .Qná(r*&ide$en >e' i$ &e$%i a% ENSZ?!e +$ Taj&an i%árá$á&a' a Bi%?("n$á)i TanáU$ á''and: (a)$á)á( i$ e'n;eri9 Hiá!a, a 8"'i(ia (jai<ár U$a i';eneM A .Qnai 8iaU r+$%'e)e$ <e)n;i(á$a a%"n!an

ne< (=dja <e)"'dani A<eria e'<+';6'( )a%da$á)i &á'$á)á(9 Ni"n &+)6' i$ rá+n;$%er6' a 'e)>ájda'<a$a!! '+8+$re9 J$*?en(eni e'' a adii8ari iadá$"a( a %$id: >e);&er);ár(: <"n"? 8:'i=<" na); >e'á!"r"dá$ára9 E%%e' a '+8+$+&e' Ni"n a'áá$(a a$ajá( a(a'<á(9 Hiá!a &"n( e' a *'($+)&e(+$ j:'+(i >eje%e(ei!' na?);"n je'en($ *$$%e)ee( a 'e);ár("(( >e);&er+$%'e(e <e)&á$ár?'á$ára, a<e';e <ajd >e);&er%e("r'á("%á$ ere(+!en á''Q(:'a)<e)$e<<i$Q(+$re er6'ne9 Ni"n( a ne&e($+)e$ _a(er)a(e?6);

<e$(er$+)e$ >e'(=8Qr"%á$a 6r6);+n &+)6' i$ 'e<"ndá$ra +n;$%e?rQ(e((+9 ); (Pni Ni"n F!a''+8+$e a%+r( e&+$!+ &"'( &e$%+?';e$, <in( a d"''ári!"U$á(á$ >e'e((i $%=&ereni(á$ &i$$%a$%er%+$e,<er( ( .enned;&e' e''en(+(!en +'e(!en a);(á9A $aj(: "$$%i idre j (+<á( a8, e% 8edi) a 'e$%ere'+$ +$ a&e'e a8U$"'a("$ $%+'á<"$$á) <inden e'+8%e'e( >"r<ája,a<e'; a% a("<$"r"<8:(:' a SALT?I +$ II?i) (erjed9 A $%"&je(?a<eriai a8U$"'a(" a'a8e'&eir' Ni"n "';an *%*$ <e)á''a8"?

dá$( Qr a'á a% "r"$%"a', a<e'; <inden &"na'"n a S%"&je(=ni:e'n;+( $%"')á'ja9 A >e);&er%e( "r'á("%á$á( $%a!á';"%: SALT?Ie);e%<+n; (='ajd"n+88en U$a E);e$6'( Á''a<"a( F*n"r'á?("%(a9 A S%"&je(=ni: r+$%+re a >e);&er%e( $%in(j+( ); á''a8Q("((á <e), "); a% =("'+re$$e A<eria adi8"(enUiá'já(9 Ni"n Qr?ed( 6'6);<ini$%(ere r*&ide$en <e)á''a8Q(ja a +( $%*&e($+)irend$%er a NATO +$ a Var$:i S%er%d+$ ere);en$';ána !eá''?13(á(, a<e'';e' e' i$ j=("((=n a a("nai !i8"'ari(á$ e'&+e%9 E%%e',<in( a% a<eriai, <ind a .e'e(?E=r:8ai *%*n$+)e( ); <ani8=?'á'(á, "); <"$( <ár a !++$ e);<á$ <e''e(( +'+$ne ninU$ ("?&á!! a'(erna(Q&ája9 ); (e((e, <in(a a n+8e 'e)!! :aja ad?di) i%ár:'a) a +( na);a(a'"< e);<á$$a' &a': á!"r$ 'e$%á?<"'á$a 'e(( &"'na9.*%!en a &ie(na"';i9 A%



a<eriai +$ a $%"&je( "r<án; $%:U$*&ei (ján e);<á$ ($%+'i:U$ár'á$á( $%6ne(e( $e< (ar(&a ("&á!! >"';(a(ja9A +( na);a(a'"< &a':di &i$%"n;ára je''e<%, ");.i$$in)er a<eriai 6'6);<ini$%(er +$ D"!rin;in a S%"&je(=ni:

_a$in)("ni na);*&e(e *%*(( $%"a('an !ará($á) a'a=' i9 Te?)e%dne9 D"!rin;inna 6'*n (i("$ >e'jár:( !i%("$Q(ana *%?&e('en6' .i$$in)er i&a(a'á!a9La$$an <indeni <e)$%"ja, "); e% a +( na);a(a'"<$%6$+) $%erin(i &e'ejár:ja, a<e'';e' ("&á!!ra i$ a ide)á!"r&a':$á)"$ '+(+ne 'á($%a(á( e'(i9 A (*r(+n(e =(án !ári <e)+r?de%e(n+# <"$( <ár <ineW A &á'a$% *nn;en <e)ada(:9 A);ar<a(" jrae'"$%(á$ána >"';a<a(a <+) j:$%er+&e' U$a a >e?

'+n+' (ar(9 Enne >"';(a(á$á"% a%"n!an j"!! 6r6);e( <+) ne<(a'á'(a i9 A% a<eriai )a%da$á) ne+% e';%e(e <+) "rán($e< j=("(( e' a e%e'e($+) a(árá"%9 A &á'($á) e!!e a <+';$+)!e i$e'j=(, <ajd de addi) e'árQ(á$ára $" <indenne' 8r:!á'"%i <+)9A<eria ne+%$+)+( 'á(&a a S%"&je(=ni: a((:' (ar(, ");e'!!?=(:!! +n;(e'en 'e$% >e'adni a S%"&je(=ni: i%$á<án;"'á?$ára ad"(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai &a%a''=$" er$%aa' ia'aQ("(( $(á(=?$á(, &a'a<in( (er6'e(i :dQ(á$ai(# Len);e'"r$%á) e'e(i (er6'e(ei(,

.ni)$!er)e( +$ *rn;++(, 7inn"r$%á) !ee!e'e%e(( r+$%+(, aBa'(i?á''a<"a(, $(!9Á''and: $6r)e(+$+re a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" &+)6' i$ "%%ájár='a% );ne&e%e(( E=r:8ai Bi%("n$á)i Ér(ee%'e( *$$%eQ&á$á"%9E%((a' 33 e=r:8ai á''a<"( Ui(á'na a F(ár);a':a$%(a'"%, a"' 8er$%e A<eria +$ .anada i$ r+$%( &e$%9 A% +r(ee%'e( e);e('enU+'ja, a<e';e( U$"dá'a("$+88en A<eria <inden F*(*%*d+$ee''en+re e' i$ +r# a ia'a='( a(ár" $+r(e(e('en$+)e9 A<eria<inden "rá!!i $%e<>+n;&e$%(+$+ne (ár);á(, &a'a<in( a% e$%?<+ +$ e<!ere $%a!ad ára<'á$á(, e<!eri j")", $%=&ereni(á$er$%ar:' &a': 'e<"ndá$, a !e'6);e!e &a': !e ne< a&a("%á$14$(!9 i*(i# A S%"&je(=ni: 8edi) <inde%ee( e' i$ >")adja, U$a +88en ne< (e'je$Q(i9 Lee(e('en ne< >e'i$<erni a% 149 =(áni "?a'QUi:$ id .e'e(?E=r:8ai $%"&je(i%á'á$ána $%a!ad &á'a$%(á$"?



"% *(*(( >e'(+(e'eine j >"r<á!an &a': <e)i$<+('+$+(9 A $%"&? je( U$a8a(" <a);ar"r$%á)i +$ U$e$%'"&áiai (*r&+n;(e'en á''"?<á$"%(a(á$ár:', anna e''en+re, "); A<eria n;i'&án"$an <ind?&+)i) (a)ad(a, "); ee% "%%ájár='( &"'na, e);e('en $%: $e<

e$i9 A $(a(=$ [=" (eá( ("&á!!ra i$ >enn<arad9 A% E=r:8ai Bi%?("n$á)i Ér(ee%'e( %ár:"<án;á( 159 j'i=$ 309?án He'$ini!ena'áQrjá9A S%"&je(=ni: a% a<eriai )a%da$á)i &á'$á) e''en+re <+)<indi) je'en($ $e)+';ee( a8 a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"(:'9 A% Pra? j:%á$i >ej'e$%(+$e &á'("%a('an=' A<eria?+rdePe9 ); a *%*$Q$+r'e(e, *%*$ Prre86'+$e *'($+)ei( j:$%er+&e' (e'je$ <+r(+? !en a% a<eriaia >i%e(i, U$a);, <in( a );ar<a(i F>e'$%a!adQ?

(: )eri''aá!"r *'($+)ei(9 E%e <ind je'en($ a$%n"( "%na A<eriána, <e)(+r6'+$6 a%"n!an "$$%(á&"n je'en(e%i9 A 8i''ana(n;i e';%e(en ne< ja&Q(ana9.i$$in)er ia$%ná'&a N+<e("r$%á) +$ /a8án ener)ia$%e?)+n; e';%e(+(, i$%en <ind+( á''a< U$ane< (e'je$ "'aj$%6?$+)'e(+( i<8"r(!:' (=dja >i%e(ni ir"!!an(ja a e(&ene$ +&e e'ej+n a% ener)ia&á'$á)"(9 A% a<eriai j$á)" &ára('an=' arr:'e%dene <e));%ne 'á($%: (an='<án;"a( *%*'ni, "); a

&i'á) n;er$"'aj+$%'e(e <e)a(ár"%a(:, <+)8edi) &i$%"n;'a) r*?&id id <'&a je'en($en U$*en, <ajd i>");9 A %$id:$á) á'(a'=ra'( a<eriai F$%a!ad $aj(: e%((a' ie(e('en <:d"n e); r"n 8end6' a "r<án;%a((a' +$ a'ájá($%i (i("$ aUi:ina9E%%e' e);idejP'e) .i$$in)er 6'6);<ini$%(er a% "'aj(er<e'ara! $ejee( !á("rQ(ja, "); ne >+'jene a% "'ajára je'en($e<e'+$+('9 A<eriána =);ani$ je'en($ $ajá( "'aj(er<e'+$e &an,a<e'; a a(a'<a$ (ar(+ai&a' *nn;P$%erre' <e''%e(i anna i<? 8"r(já(9 N+<e("r$%á) +$ /a8án U$=8án n+án; :na8"$ (ar(a'+a'rende'e%ne9 A drá)a "'aj (er<+$%e(e$en <e)n*&e'i a (er<+ e'á''Q(á$ *'($+)ei(, e%%e' &er$en;+8e$$+)e !e"%a(a('an á(?rán;!a er6' (en)eren('i &e(+';(ár$ai&a' $%e<!en9A &a':!an e'<+$ne <"nda(: *('e( U$a r+$%!en (=d(a (e'je?$Q(eni a "%%á>P%*(( re<+n;ee(9 .i$$in)er $%á<Q(á$ai!a $';"$i!a U$$%"((9 A% "'aj +$ "'aj(er<+e árá( n;i'&án A<eriá!an i$



1 je'en($en e<e'ni e''e((, <er( e n+'6' U$a a >e'a$%ná': j=("(?(a &"'na e'n;**%, ne< 8edi) a "r<án;%a(9 -ár8edi) a &á'?$á) "r<án;%a(i $%in(en U$a8:d"(( 'e, $ <e)"'dá$a i$ anna a >e'?

ada(a9A% a<eriai a=(:i8ar i%ár:'a) na);<+re(P +$ na);(e'je$Q(?<+n;P $%e<+';)+8"U$ia( );ár("((9 A na);"!! (e'je$Q(<+n;n;i'&án na);"!! 6%e<an;a)?>");a$%(á$$a' jár(9 A ja8án" 8edi)a% 6%e<an;a) !e$%er%+$+re i$ (ein(e((e' i$>");a$%(á$ +$ <+re?(ei!en i$ i$e!! )+8"U$i i>ej'e$%(+$+( $%"r)a'<a%(á +$ je'en($ered<+n;ee( +r(+ e'9 A $%P 'á(:*rP .i$$in)en?a((raUi: a'?a'<a( $%"')á'(a("(( /a8ánna a% a<eriai a=(:8iaU );"r$ <e)?

$%er%+$+re9 /: n+án; +& e''e(( a"%, "); a% a<eriai a=(:i8ar <a)á"% (+rjen +$ a(a'<a$ !er=á%á$"a' <a)a i$ á((+rjen a<+r$+e'(e!! >");a$%(á$ jár<P&e );ár(á$ára a 8iaU 'e)a'á!!r+$%!eni &i$$%a$%er%+$+re9 ."rá!!i <"n"8:'i=<á( a%"n!an a <aina8i) ne< (=d(a &i$$%an;erni9A% ara! &i'á) na); "'aje8"r(rei =);an en)ed(e a% a<eri?ai U$á!Q(á$na, de e)+$%$+)e$ 6%'e(i +r%+6 a<ar ráj*(( enne &e$%+';eire i$9 Hiá!a n*&eede(( <e) a "'aj?ár!e&+(e'e, a%( i$ +$%?

re e''e(( &enni, "); a drá)án e'ad"(( "'aj <enn;i$+)e je'en($enU$*en9 HQre +re%(e in(en%Q& =(a(á$"r:' i$, a<e'; j ener)ia>e'>ede%+$e (er+n >"';i a drá)a "'aj i&á'(á$ára9 Ha e% n+án; +&<'&a e$e('e) !e*&e(e%i, a% a% e)+$% ara! &i'á) a(a$%(r:>ájá( je'en(e(i9 E%e a% e'e<%+$e a r+)i "'ajár"% &a': *%e'ed+$(ered<+n;e%(+, !ár a"% <ár ne< (+r(e &i$$%a (*!!+9 A% "'aj?ára <+)i$ a <+) e'>")ada(: <+r(+re U$*en(e9A n;er$"'aj árána &e$%+';e$ <+r(+re &a': U$*en+$+ne <e)á''Q(á$a +rde+!en a% a<eriai (er&e% j <:d$%ere% >"?';a<"d(a9 A% "'aj(er<e' "r$%á)" 'á($%:'a) e);$+)e$ U$e'e&+?$+ne ""rdiná'á$ára e); 6'*n $%er&e%e('+(re"%á$á( (anáU$"'(á $%á<=ra, ); j*(( '+(re a% OEJ, aine 'e)>!! >e'ada(a a% "'ajárána *$$%ean)"'á$a 'e((9 A U$*en "'ajára e);i *&e(e%?<+n;e a% "'aje8"r(r* !e&+(e'+ne n;i'&án&a': U$*en+$+&e' jár(9 -indeni i);ee%e(( a <a)a$ "'ajára idej+n rea'i%á'( !e&+?



(e'+ne j!:'i <e)$%er%+$+re9 Enne +rde+!en e);re n*&e'(e i?(er<e'+$+( +$ anna 8iaUra d"!á$á(9 A% "'ajár %=aná$ána e'e?r6'+$e +rde+!en a% OEJ (er<e'+$i &:(á $%a!á';"%á$á&a' 8r:? !á'"%"((9 Enne <e)>e'e'en <inden e8"r(rne <e)a(ár"%"((

1<+r(+!en U$*en(eni e''e(( a (er<e'+$+( e); "'aj8iaUi &á==<'+(re"%á$a +rde+!en9 E% =);an ne< <P*d*(( e)+$%en a (er&e $%erin(, a%"n!an a% "'aj8iaU <e)n;=)&á$á( e'$e)Q(e((e9A ie);en$';"%"(( ár"n &a': "'aj>"r)a'<a%á$ +$ a% a"% !ári á'(a' &a': "%%á>+r+$ ("&á!!ra i$ irri(á'(a a% a<eriai "r?<án;%a("(9 j <e)"'dá$( ere$e((9 .i$e!!?na);"!! e';i á!"r 8r"&"á'á$á&a' i);ee%e(( e);e$ "'aj(er<e' a>riai á''a<" (er?

<e'+$+( +$ +r(+e$Q(+$+( <e)%a&arni9 -inden i);ee%e(e arra irá?n;='(, "); U$*enjen a% "'ajQná'a(, <iá'(a' anna ára (*r&+n;?$%erPen e<e'edi N+<e("r$%á) +$ /a8án árára9 A<eria e%%e'&e(+';(ár$ai( !"$$%an(a((a =);an, de $ajá( &á'$á)8r"!'+<ájá(<e)"'dani ne< (=d(a9A% e'$ "'aj&á'$á) ir"!!aná$a"r a S%"&je(=ni: i);ee%e((<e)n;=)(a(ni a e'e(e=r:8aia e';(ar(:i(, "); e% ne< <á$, <in(a a8i(a'i%<=$ &á'$á)á&a' e);6(( jár: je'en$+)9 A $%"Uia'i$(a rend?

$%er ereje +88en a!!an &an, "); e%e a &á'$á)" <P*d+$+( ne< je''e<%i9 A (er&$%erP i(er<e'+$ +$ >e'a$%ná'á$ !i%("$Q(já a% ár +$ (er<e'+$ e);en$';á(9 A <a);ar 8ár( +$ raj(a ere$%(6' a "r?<án; <inde%( nai&=' e'i((e9 N+án; +(i) &a':!an ne< i$ (*r(+n(&á'("%á$9 O$%(rá >e'a$%ná': i$e!! >"r)a'<a%: (ar(á';"U$i?a' j*((e a% "'U$: !en%in +$ )á%"'aj a(ár<en( >"r)a'"< ere(+? !en &a': >e'&á$ár'á$a9 /:%an=' )"nd"'"d: *%)a%dá$%" a 'e=r?r")á$ &e$%+';+(' (ar(&a U$a !ará(i *r!en <e) i$ je);e%(+# e% a6'*n*$ "n$(r=Ui: ne< (ar(a( $"ái)9 Va':!an ne< $" id (e'(e', $ a S%"&je(=ni: !eje'en(e((e# a $%"Uia'i$(a "r$%á)"a' >"';(a?("(( "'ajere$ede'e<re ne< je''e<% a% e);<á$ árára &a': 8r"?>i( aj$%"'á$a, de a i<er6' $%"&je( "'aj=(a e';e(( e'er6'e?(e('en j "'aj<e% >e'(árá$a +$ ianá%á$a9 A (e(e<e$ !er=á%á$i*'($+)ene a%"n!an <e) e'' je'enni6 a% ár!an9 A <a);ar "r<án;( ide)%=an;+n( +r(e a ajáná' >ri$$en e'rán)a("((







='á'(=n9 Ne< e);$%er "'U$:!!an +$ j"!! <in$+)!en9 A -a?);ar"r$%á)ra e8"r(á'( !er=á%á$" )+8ei ); 'e((e *$$%e&á'"?)a(&a, "); a >"';a<a("$ (er<e'+$e% ne<U$a 6'>*'di a'a(r+?$%e, de !i%"n;"$ n;er$an;a)" i$ U$a i<8"r(!:' 'e);en !i%("?

$Q(a(:9 -i&e' e%ene a (er<+ene a &i$$%ae8"r(á'á$ára <in?den 8r:!á'"%á$ =darU"( &a''"((, +r(+e$Q(+$6 a S%"&je(=ni: r+?$%+re (*r(+n( r=!e'+r(, i$e!! r+$%e a%ai >e'a$%ná'á$ra >"rin(+r(9E%%e' a <e)"'dá$$a' n;i'&án&a': a >e'&e(( i(e'e &i$$%a>i%e(+$e1ne< (*r(+ne(e(( "';an 6(e<!en, <in( a 6'*n*$ n;=)a(i e8"r( >i?%e(+$i *(e'e%e(($+)e9 A i(e'á''"<án; (eá( >"';a<a("$an n((9Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( +$!! <ár a i(e'e a<a(ára +$ (*r'e$%(

r+$%+re i$ ja!! i(e'ee( e''e(( >e'&enni9 Ne< U$"da, "); an;"'U&ana$ +&e e'ej+n a 8ár((:' >6))e('en *%)a%dá$%" n;Q'(ani>ej(i a%( a &+'e<+n;6e(, "); a% 150?e$ +&e!en e'e(e%e((ad:$$á) (erei na);"!!a, <in( a% 12?33?a$ &i'á))a%da$á)i&á'$á), &a); a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r á'(a' ""%"(( )a%da$á)i ár" *$$%e)e9 edi) a% á''a<ad:$$á) e!!en a% id!en <+) 10 <i''i?árd d"''ár a'a(( &"'(9 Ön+n(e'en6' ad:di a +rd+$# -a);ar"r$%á)<e'; (*r(+ne'e'e'$$+)re9 A <á$"?di &i'á)á!"r+r( a<e';ne ára 8edi) j:&a' a'a((a <arad( en?n+' a "ra!e'i 8"'i(i=$" e'>")a(: (a)jai( i&+)e%(+9A <a);ar á''a< a(a'<a$ ad:$$á)a, $( <+) enne (+n;e i$Q&6' e$e(( a 'a"$$á) (áj+"%"(($á)án9 A i(e'>e'&+(e'eir' a 'a?"$$á) ne< a8"(( e'' (áj+"%(a(á$(9 A 'e)=(:!!i id!en e'?>"rd='(, "); a N+8$%a!ad$á) a 8ár( na8i'a8ja &a'a"' e'd=)&an+);?*($"r"$ *%'e<+n;!en Qr( ad"(( r:'a, de <+) e%( $e< (e((erend$%ere$en9 A% +'e($%Qn&"na' n+*'di in>'áUi: F!e);6r6%+$e+n( ind""'(a,U$a); <in( a% +&*%!en i$e!! ár=*r*!en je'en(e% Fár?&á'("%á$"a(9 Bár<i';en >=rU$a, a 'a"$$á) &+)6' e%( i$ <e)?



$%"(a, 'e)>e'je!! a U$e<e)e!"'(" 8+n%(aráná' <"r)"(( <a)á!an9E);<á$ *%*((i !e$%+')e(+$e $"rán a% F=(Ua e<!ere Tra!an(jára+$ a% 19 =(án 6'>*'di e<i)ráUi:!a P%*(( r""n"ra )"nd"'&a,<i&e' <"$( <ár &a); j*((e, &a); a <iein <en(e, de <in?

den+88en n+<i r""ni $e)Q($+)e( i$ rea'i%á'&a, <+)i$ arra a &+)?*&e(e%(e(+$re j=("((# FJ$a a /ani <aradj"n9A 'e&e)!en =);ani$ $%in(e á''and:$='(a a%" a $=((")á$" I$(en (=dja "nnan $%ár<a%(a "); a S%"&je(=ni: ne< n+%i j:$%e<<e' a <a);ar" ie<e'( $%a!ad$á)á( +$ >+', "); .ádár(e<ia(( >+'reá''Q(já9 Enne e$e('e)e$ *&e(e%<+n;ei( $"a$e< Ha&a$i 7erenU# Ga%da$á)8"'i(ia, )a%da$á)irán;Q(á$ 219 "'d9200

<='a$%("((á e' $ej(e(ni9 -indene$e(re +'&e%ni &+'(+ a F'e)&idá?<a!! !ara 'á($%:'a)"$ e'n;ei(9A /ani 8edi) <arad(9 A% "r"$%"na e$%6 á)á!an $e< &"'(( e'<"%dQ(ani9 S( !aj!a 'e((e &"'na, a *n+n( >+'reá''9 A /ani(<aradá$ra Q&án: á'<=!an $e< )"nd"'(á, "); a% i<ád"((Tani ); e'%á'")"$Q("((a a% "r$%á)"(, "); <+) =n"áin i$n;*)ni >")já9S%"Uia'i$(a $"r$(ár$ain ná'=n na);"!! "r'á("%á$a á'(a' +r?

%e(( na);"!! $%a!ad$á)=n <e)(á<")a(&a a% ide)ene *'U$*?nei&e', a<e';!' a 'a"$$á) U$a $%er+n; <"r%$áa( a8"((, <e)?indQ("((a a <a);ar$á) er*'U$i %6''+$+(9 Enne <e)d*!!en( <+?re(ei( <ajd U$a a% 14?e$ +$ a 2002?e$ 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" idej+n 'e$% <:d=n (a8a$%(a'ni9201AZ EGESLT ÁLLA-O. GAZDASÁGA .I?7LLAD, A LESZERELÉSI TÁRGALÁSO. ERED-ÉNESEBBÉ VÁLNA. S%(á'in a'á'á( *&e(en a r=$U$"&i 8r"8a)anda 'e)>!! <"?(i&áUi:ja a F!++$ e);<á$ <e''e(( +'+$, a<e';ne á''Q(:'a) <ár a"r $e< &"'( a'(erna(Q&ája9 E 8r"8a)anda U$"<a) a (*<e)e >+'re&e%e(+$e +rde+!en (er<+$%e(e$en <a)á!an >")'a'(a a 'e$%e?re'+$( +$ a% ee% a8U$"'a(: >e);&er%e(U$*en(+$( i$9."<"';an e%ee( 8er$%e e);e('en 8i''ana(ra $e< )"nd"'(á,



i$%en a >e);&ere%+$ %(a a 8"')ári (eUn"':)ia >ej'd+$ $%ee?r+( i$9 A% j (a'á'<án;", <e)>e'e' +$+$$e' +$ $%er+n;e!! <+r?(+!en a )a%da$á) <P*d+$+!e ad"8(á':d(a, ered<+n;ei( n*?&e'(e9 -i&e' a S%"&je(=ni: a );ar<a(" >e''á%Q(á$á( i)en j: a(+?

"n;$á))a' &+)e%(e, a% e);<á$$a' i$ !++('ened );ar<a(i n+? 8ene e' 'ee(e(( $:%ni a <ár a&=':!an '+& >e);&eree(, a<e?';e r+$%!en a% j >e);&errend$%ere >ej'e$%(+$i *'($+)+( i$ >e?de%(+9 A >e);&er);ár(á$ (eá( a 'e)j*&ede'<e%!! 6%'e(á))á&á'("%"((9A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an 8"ri) r"<!"'( N+<e("r$%á) +$ a%a("<!"<!áa' <e)>+'e<'Q(e(( /a8án >i);e'<6e( <i&e' a >e);?&ere%+$(' e'(i'("((á e( i%ár:'a) a (er<e'+$ "r$%erP$Q(+$+re

"nUen(rá'(á9 S%"r)a'<=n <inden ered<+n;+( e!!e >e(e((+9A% an)"' +$ a<eriai !"<!á%: á'(a' 'e(ar"'( );árai e';e(( a%a<eriai (ee8an%i: ""$ >e'a$%ná'á$á&a' a 'e)"r$%erP!!(er<e'rend$%eree( "%(á '+(re9 G;"r$ re)enerá':dá$=a'6);e$en a$%ná'(á i a na); á!"r (ere<(e((e "nj=n(rá(9); (*r(+ne(e((, "); +( +&(i%ed <'(án 'e);%i na);"n"<"'; &er$en;(ár$ai&á &á'(a9 A%" a na);&á''a'a(", a<e';e ne< a adii8ari (er<e'+$!en &"'(a +rdee'(e, <ár a a(&ana$

+&e *%e8+n +re%(+ +$ 8ana$%"'(á &er$en;+8e$$+)6 an;a(?'á$á(9 Ter<e'+$6 e);re $%er+n;e!! ered<+n;e e);re e&+$!+n;j("(( >ede%e(e( =(a(á$ra +$ >ej'e$%(+$re9/"n$"n e'n*, e'de .enned; 8+'dáján "='&a ne< <er( a>e);&er);ár(: '"!!; +rdeei e''en $e<+'e "r'á("%: in(+%e?d+$( "%ni, $( a &ie(na""%(a i$ a adian;a)" +$ >e'$%ere'+$e á''ae'a$%ná'á$(9 A a(a'<a$ á''a< (ar(a'+ai ("&á!! U$*en(e, a)a%da$á) &á'$á)a 8edi) <+';6'(9A% 1@?a$ e'n*&á'a$%(á$"n );%(e$ Ni"n +$ U$a8a(a <ár ne< (=d(a e'er6'ni a &á'("%á$" +n;$%er+(, i$%en a% á''a<ad:$?$á) &+$%e$ n*&eed+$e <ár e);re na);"!! aadá';á&á &á'( a (er?&e%e(( adii8ari >ej'e$%(+$ene9 Z$id: ne<%e(!i%("n$á)i >(a?náU$ad:já&a', +$!! 6'6);<ini$%(er+&e' 'e$%ere'+$i +$ >e);&er?



%e(?"r'á("%á$i 8r")ra<"( +$%Q(ene9 7""%a("$an >e'$%á<"'já a&ie(na*'da'a((i a("<r"!!an(á$ e''en$';"%á$ára Ni"n a'á?Qrja a S%"&je(=ni:&a' *%*$en '+(re"%"(( a("<$"r"<8: e);e%?

<+n;(, a<e';ne Le)>!! U+'ja a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ a S%"&? je(=ni: a("<<"n"8:'i=<ána >enn(ar(á$a9Bár<enn;ire i$ <e)d*!!en(e((e a Qnai a("<r"!!an(á$ a%E);e$6'( Á''a<"a(, $e<+'e $%anUi:( $e< rende'( e' e''ene,$( e&e$e!!, <in( ár"< :na8 <'&a >e'"'djá a .Qna e''en irá?n;=': "rá!!i ere$ede'""%"((an +r&+n;e$9

.Qna r*&ide$en e'n;eri ENSZ?(a)$á)á(, $( a Bi%("n$á)i Ta?náU$ á''and: (a)$á)á( i$9 Ni"n 1529 <áj=$ &+)+n a S%"&je(=ni:!a =(a%i, a"' <e)?á''a8"dá$( Qr a'á a ra+(ae'árQ(: rend$%ere +$ a $(ra(+)iai (á<ad:>e);&ere "r'á("%á$ár:'9 -ajd 1539 "(:!er &+)+(' <ár a NA?TO?(a)á''a<" +$ a Var$:i S%er%d+$ á''a<ai (ár);a'na a*%+8e=r:8ai U$a8a( +$ >e);&er%e(?"r'á("%á$r:' B+U$!en9A"); a% a<eriai )a%da$á) 8"%QUi:i r"<'ana a d"''ár, <in(

a &i'á) ='U$&a'=(ája $e< (=dja +r(++( (ar(ani9 A% a<eriai je);? !an $%ere8+( !e(*'( 7ED >ájda'<a$ '+8+$re +n;$%er6'9 1539>e!r=ár 13?án 10^?a' 'e+r(+e'i a d"''ár(9 A% a<eriai ár=+$%?'e(e e8"r(ja e);i na8r:' a <á$"ra 10^?"( &e$%(e((e +r(+6? !'9Gen>!en <ár $%in(e á''and:$='(a a% a<eriai?$%"&je( >e);?&er%e( "r'á("%á$i (ár);a'á$" a SALT?I9 a'áQrá$á( *&e(en <e)?e%ddne a SALT?II9 (ár);a'á$ai i$9 A% ind"Qnai á!"r La"$%?ra +$ .a<!"d%$ára i$ á((erjed&e ("&á!! >"';(a(:di9 Vie(na< "'U$*en(e((, "' <e)n*&e'( ad<P&e'e(e +$ a >e);&er$%6ne( &á'?203(a"%: (er6'e(e, a<e';(' Ni"n <inden i);ee%e(e e''en+re $e<(=d "$$% idei) <e)$%a!ad='ni9 1539 jni=$ 2?+n a% a<eriai"n)re$$%=$ +n;$%er6' *%!e'+8ni9 Ha(ár"%a("( "% a% Ind"Qnaiá!"r >inan$%Qr"%á$ána <e)&"ná$ára9 E%( Ni"n =);an <e)?



&+(:%%a, de (e$$+?'á$$+ <:d"$Q(á$ =(án e'>")adja9A% á); );ár"$ '"!!; e'+)ede('en Ni"n 8"'i(iájá&a', a<e';a r:ni=$$á &á'( >e);&er%e(U$*en(+$i in(+%ed+$ei&e' <+re?(e('en ár( ""%"(( $%á<=ra9 Hajáná' >")&a e'ránUi)á'já a%

);ne&e%e(( a(er)a(e?6);e(, a<e'; <á$"di e'n*i 8eri:d=$á?na &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;a $"rán (*r(+n( +$ (e'e>"n 'ea'')a(á$ a >e?dne&e9 E%( a a(a'<a$ á''a< $%e<8"n(já!:' <inden je'en($+)n+'6'i 6);e( a %$id: $aj(:&a' "'; <+re(e('en6' >e'"r!áU$"'(a(? já, "); Ni"n &+)6' i$ 'e<"ndá$ra +n;$%er6'9 Ni"n 'e<"ndá$a ne< &"'( a'a'<a$ a >e);&ere%+$ >""%á?$ána !eindQ(á$ára9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" $%á<ára a%"n!an je?'en($ ár( ""%"((9 A 'e)na);"!! ár a% e'n*i a(a'"< $+r6'+?

en;$+)+ne e);!en +($+)!eej( );en)e$+)+ne n;i'&án"$$á)raer6'+$e9 A de<"ráUiána a a(+"n; á''a<&e%e(+$re &a': (e'je$a'a'<a('an$á)ána <e));% !i%"n;Q(á$a a% e)+$% &i'á) e'((9A SALT?I9 $%er%d+$$e' Ni"n 'ee(&+ (e$%i, "); a S%"&? je(=ni: >e);&er%e(e "<8en%áUi:$ a'a8"n e'+rje a% E);e$6'( Á'?'a<" >e);&ere%e(ne a%"n"$ $%in(j+(9 E 6'*n*$ <P&e'e( &+)?(er<+e 'e$% <ajd a .i$$in)er á'(a' <e)>")a'<a%"(( !i8"'ári$e);en$';, a<e'; =);an U$a a +8%e'e( $%6'e<+n;e9 A (*<e)e

+$ a "n)re$$%=$ <ani8='á'á$ára a%"n!an (*+'e(e$en <e)>e'e'9-inden <e''+!e$%+'+$ &+)$ *&e(e%<+n;e, "); a )a%da$á)i&á'$á) n*&eed+$+ne arán;á!an U$*en a >e);&ere%+$9 Ni"n !=á$a rá&i'á)Q( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" !e'$ er&i$%"?n;aira9 A% á'(a'a <e)e%de(( adii8ari (er<e'+$ +$ >e'a$%ná'á$U$*en(+$e, a ne< i$ +r(e e' a Q&án( <+r(+e(, <+)i$ je'en($en ja&Q("((a A<eria *'($+)&e(+$i e);en$';á(9 A <á$"di &i'á)á? !"r =(án 154?i) a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" *'($+)&e(+$e <ind*$$%eár"< e$e(!en <=(a("(( 8"%i(Q& <+r'e)e(, de e!!' +( a'a'"<<a'i$ Ni"n e'n*$+)e idej+n9 -inden á''a< "r<án;%á$ána 'e)?>"n("$a!! +r(+<+rje a )a%da$á)i (e'je$Q(<+n;9 .6'*n*$en i)a%e% a% );ne&e%e(( 8iaU)a%da$á)!an =(á'(a!! ne&+n a a8i(a'i%?<=$!an9 Ha innen n+%%6, Ni"n <P*d+$e a% =("'$: ar<inU+&!en >e'6'<'(a <inden e'dje "r<án;%á$á(9 A% a<eriai )a%?204



da$á) adii8ar"n Q&6'i e)+$%e <+)$e< (=d(a <e)&+deni a $%á?<ára 'e)j"!! "r<án;%á$(9 ); (Pni, a 'á(a(a('an $%a!ad<P?&e$ a(a'"< !e'$ er&i$%"n;ai( a >e);&ere%+$i +$ a á!"r$n+8ir(á$ a8"$("'ai =ra'já9 Ni"n i$ *%+j6 (ar("%"((, <+)i$ a'='?

<arad(, <er( ('$á)"$an i$ >i);e'e<!e &e((e anna a% "r$%á)na a&a':di +rdeei(, a<e';ne e'n*e &"'(9-inde%e e''en+re a 'á(&án;"$ >e);&ere%+$ ne< &á'i =ra'?"d:&á a% a<eriai 8"'i(iá!an9 A )a%da$á)i &á'$á) <e)"'dá$á?na <:d"%a(aira a 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< (anáU$"a( ada( =);an, dea%" ered<+n;e <ár ne< ('e >6))9 A% "'aj&á'$á) i8r"&"á'á$a$e< "%(a <e) a Q&án( ered<+n;(9 Ni"n 'e<"ndá$a =(án <e)8r:!á'já a% e);en$';á!:' i?

<"%dQ("(( "'aj>"r)a'<a%á$ána rendj+( &i$$%aá''Q(ani9 A% "'aj&á'?$á) (eá( 15?re e'+ri U$U$á(, <ajd 'a$$an <e)ind=' a ni&e''á'á$>e'+9 A 'e$%ere'+$i 8"'i(ia, a<e'; a% a<eriai )a%da$á)i &á'$á)<e)"'dá$i Q$+r'e(+ne >edne&+&+ &á'&a =ra'ja a &i'á) re("riájá(,&á'("%a('an <arad9 S( a S%"&je(=ni: >e'(ee(en A<eria !i%?(a(á$ára an)"$ +$ 'á(&án;"$ <=(a(&án;á&á >ej'di9 159 á8ri?'i$ 1?+n =);ani$ (e$% ja&a$'a("( a% ENSZ >(i(árána e); 'e$%e?re'+$i &i'á)"n>erenUia *$$%eQ&á$ára9

A% Ind"Qnai á!"r a<eriai 8+n%6);i (á<")a(á$a n+'6' Ni"n !=á$á( *&e(en !e>eje%+$+e% *%e'edi9 Vie(na< =(án.a<!"d%$a +$ La"$% d"<in:i e);<á$ =(án "<'ana *$$%e9 A%E);e$6'( Á''a<" i);e$%i $%aná'ni a%"a( a !e>"';á$i *&e%e(+? !e er6'( á''a<"a(, a<e';e (ar(:$an r"$$% ere$ede'6))e('enn+&á'jana, &a); <á$ )a%da$á)i U$"8"r("$='á$( er$Q($en9 /: 8+'daerre NiUara)=a, a<e';ne (er6'e(+n "<"';a!! an)"' "'aj+rde?e'($+)e <P*d(e9 A% "r"$%" >"rrada'<i 'á%Q(á$a <e)d*n(iS"<"%a rend$%er+(9 A% j $%"Uia'i$(a (Q8=$ a(a'"< a%"n!an e'+));en)e 'á!a"n á'', ne< rende'e%i a 'a"$$á) +$ a )a%da$á)ie'i( e);+r(e'<P (á<")a(á$á&a' +$ !i%a'<á&a'9 A% j !a'"'da'i a?(a'"< <e)$%i'árd='á$a +rde+!en a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" U$ane<("&á!!i +( +&i) je'en($ 8+n%6);i $e)+';!en r+$%e$Q(i9 -Q) e'ne< +ri U+'já( a% an)"' "'aj+rdee'($+)e á''a<"$Q(á$á(9



A .i$$in)er?i di8'"<áUia 'á($%:'a) a% "'aj&á'$á) (e'je$ <e)?$%6n(e(+$+n F>árad"%i9 Ti("$ <P&e'e(ei!en a%"n!an ("&á!!ra i$<inden( <e)(e$%, ne"); a &á'$á) >e'$%Q(á$a e'((i "'ajára"n a20

(*!!i >ej'e(( i8ari "r$%á) "%%áj=(a$$"n e >"n("$ n;er$an;a)"%9Enne $%a!"(á'á$a j e$%*%**% n;'9 A .*%e'?.e'e( e);i 'e)na);"!! "'aj(er<e'j+(, 'e)<e)!Q%a(:!! $%*&e($+)e$+(, Irán(&a''á$i a'a8"n 'á%Q(já >e'9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án a<eriai$e)Q($+))e' a(a'"<ra j=((a("(( Re%a a'a&i $a"( (*!! +&(i%ede$(á<")a(á$a +$ !ará(i &i$%"n;a e''en+re $e)Q(i (r:njá(:' &a': <e)?>"$%(á$á!an9 A% addi) >ranUia e<i)ráUi:!an +' ."<einiaja("''a a%a(+r&e +$ a(a'"<ra er6'&e a% "r$%á) (ár$ada'e'>"rd='á$( "%"((, <in( a<i';enre a% E);e?$6'( Á''a<" 8"'i(iaU$iná':i +$ i(( e'$$"r!an a %$id: .i$$in)er(e'' +r(en6n $%á<Q("((a9A<eria erede(i'e) Irán"n ere$%(6', $ anna 8+n%e'+$+&e'(er&e%(e a S%"&je(=ni: a>)ani$%(áni in(er&enUi:jána (á<")a(á$á( !i%("$Q(ani9 A $a a%"n!an );an( >")"(( A<eria $%a&aie($+?)+( i''e(en9 -Q) a n;i'&án"$$á) e'(( a 'e)an)"$a!!an e'Q(+'(e a

S%"&je(=ni: a>)ani$%(áni á!"rjá(, addi) a Jar(er?"r<án;%a( (a% "r"$%" á'(a' a(a'"<ra $e)Q(e( Tarai?"r<án; (á<")a(á$ára !i%(a((a9 E!!en a% a<eriai (i("$ di8'"<áUiai <an&er!en a%ája$%"&je( !eerQ(+$+re &"na("%: (er& r+$%'e(ei( &+'(e >e'i$<erni9 Ne< e'' U$"dá'"%ni a%"n, "); enne 'ee($+)+( ne< (á<"?)a((a, $( <in( <inden <á$ a%a>i i$ (e((e &"'na e''ene $%e)6'(9I)a% drá)a ára( >i%e(e(( +r(e9 0E%((a' A<eria (i("$ a(a'<a <in( (e((e a .enned;?);i'"$$á) (e'je$ &er(i=<á!an 'e)!r=(á'i$a!! e$%*%+e% n;',a<e';re a *%e'j*&!en (*!! 8+'dá( i$ (a'á'=n <ajd9 A $a a%i$%'á< a(a'"<á(&+(e' =(án 8eUj+re a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!a <e?ne6'9."<eini "r<án;%a(a a $a iada(á$á( +ri9 A $a a%"n!ana% a<eriai (i("$ di8'"<áUia $%á<"$ ne<%e(*%i <aUináUi:já?na (=d:ja9 ); iadá$ána na); a "Uá%a(a9 A% j iráni &e%e(+$



+re'<+( ne< (e'je$Q(i9 A $a"( ana<á!a 6'di9 A iada(á$$a'a8U$"'a(!an j")i =%a?&"na e%ddi9 A $a iada(á$a +rde+!eniráni diá" <e)$%á''já A<eria (eeráni *&e($+)+(, a (e'je$$%e<+';%e(e( ($%=' ej(i9 E% !i%"n; >ájda'<a$an +rin(e((e a

Jar(er?"r<án;%a("(, a<e'; a'=ra +n;$%er6'9 A% iráni &e%e( 0 -iUae' Ledden\9Le&i$# B=á$ a<eriai =darU Irán!an @ "'d920e'=(a$Q(ana <inden *%&e(Q(+$i 8r:!á'"%á$( a di8'"<a(á i$%a? !adQ(á$a +rde+en9A% a<eriai "r<án; $%"á$á"% Q&en a 8"'i(iai +$ )a%da?$á)i, $( a a("nai n;"<á$ <inden e$%*%+( !e&e(i9 Be>a);a$%(jaa% a<eriai !an"!an '+& a(a'<a$ iráni !e(+(ee(9 ja!!ná'?

ja!! adi(en)er+$%e(i e);$+)ee( &e%+n;e'ne a% iráni 8ar(" *r%e(+!e, a $aj(: (ján &ada!!ná' &ada!! <:d"n >en;e)e(i a%"r$%á)"(, de <inden iá!a9 ."<eini+ aj(a(a('an"9 Nei a$a e''MJar(er +$ (anáU$ad:i <á$ <e)"'dá$ra +n;$%er6'ne9 Vára('a?n=' a $a $';"$ !e(e)$+)+r' $%á<"' !e a% a<eriai $aj(:9 Bár a<ae)+$%$+)e$ $a !e(e)$+)+r' a &i'á) addi) $e<<i( $e< (=?d"((, <"$( ir(e'en ider6'(, "); rája &an, <+)8edi) i)en e're?

a'ad"(( á''a8"(!an9 G;:);e%e'+$re a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!a &i?$%i +$ <e)"8erá'já9 Iráni "r&"$" <+) U$a <e) $e< 'á(")a(?a(já, a $a );:);Q(á$á!:' (e'je$en i%árjá e(9 E%e =(án ne<a( 6'*n*$e!! <e)'e8e(+$ erej+&e', "); a $a r*&ide$en <e)?a'9Lee(e('en ne< 8ár=%a<"( &"nni a .enned; e''eni <er+n;?'e( e'*&e(j+( 8i$%("';á&a' i&+)% /aU R=!i a'á'á( i''e(en9 Ai>")á$(a'an e)+$%$+)ne *r&end R=!i a !*r(*n!en =);anU$a rá!an a'( <e)9 Ne< ne+% <e)á''a8Q(ani i(( e); j i&+)%+$i<:d n;er( 8"')árj")"( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!an9A<eria +$ a% a<eriai di8'"<áUia =darUa n;i'&án&a':9 A%iráni "r<án; a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e Fna);'e'P$+)e e''en+re$e< i);ee%e(( a ($%"a( $%a!ad"n en)edni9 Jar(er( <e)!6n(e(&ei&ár(a a *%e'i e'n*&á'a$%(á$(, a<e';en a% e'n* <e) i$ !="((9E%( *&e(en a 8+n%6);i %ár'a( >e'"'dá$á&a', <inden iráni &e$%(e$?



$+) <e)(+rQ(+$+&e' A<eria &+)6' i$ e'+r(e di8'"<a(ái $%a!ad"n !"U$á(á$á(9A S%"&je(=ni: 'e$%ere'+$i 8r"8a)andája <ár Hr=$U$"& idej+n>e'+!re$%(e((e a na); $%*&e($+)e$ -a" Je?(=n) );anjá( a% E);e?

$6'( Á''a<" +$ a S%"&je(=ni: (i("$ e);6((<P*d+$+( i''e(en9 N;Q'( $%Qn&a''á$ra +n;$%erQ(&e a%( ja&a$"'(a Hr=$U$"&na *%*$er&e' indQ($ana á!"r( a 8a8Qr(i)ri$ A<eria e''en9 Ne+% na? 8"a( $%ere%&e e%%e' a% "r"$% <e''+!e$%+' 8"'i(i=$"na9 A a? 8i(a'i%<=$ *%*$ <e)d*n(+$+!' =);an ne< 'e(( $e<<i, de <ind?205a%", ai "rá!!an i$ +(e'ed(e a ide)á!"r &a':$á)á!an,>"n("$ !i%"n;Q(+""% j=("((a9

A% e);+!+n( &a':!an $"a( $%en&ede(( Vie(na< É$%a +$D+' e);e$Q(+$e =(án a% "r"$%" á'(a' >e''á%Q("(( a<!"d%$ai )eri'?'á <e)$e)Q(+$+ne 6r6);+&e' <e)$%á''já a% "r$%á)"(9 ); (Pni e% a a<!"d%$ai a(a'"<á(&+(e' .Qna e''en+re (*r(+n(9 Ten)H$%ia"?8an) .Qna -a" =(áni er$ e<!ere 159 e'ej+n a$in)?("n!an (e$% 'á(")a(á$(9 7e'(ee(en 8ana$%"'(a Vie(na< .a<!"?d%$a e''eni a)re$$%i:já( +$ a% a<eriaia di8'"<áUiai e$e('e)>e);&ere$ !ea&a("%á$á( +r(e9 Jar(er+ e%((a' erre $e<<i aj?

'and:$á)"( ne< <=(a((a9 E% i$ !i%"n;Q(ani 'á($%i, "); a% Ind"?Qnai $%"&je( !aje&er+$ A<eria (=d(á&a' +$ e);e(+r(+$+&e' (*r?(+n(9 Ne< e''ene%(+ a%"n!an, "); .Qna indQ($"n (á<adá$( Vie(?na< e''en .a<!"d%$a >6))e('en$+)+ne e';reá''Q(á$ára9 /: a'?a'"<na (ar("((á a .Qnai ader +8e$$+)+ne >e'<+r+$+e%9 A<e)"'dá$( <inden !i%"nn;a' e);e%(e((+ a% "r"$%"a', i$%en a<ár <P*d >"rr: dr:("n e% *nn;en <e)"'da(: &"'(9Ten) (eá( d"')a&+)e%e('en6' 6re$ +%%e' (+r( a%a a% E);e?$6'( Á''a<"!:'9Aján'a(=a( <+)i$ >"n("':ra &e((e9 .+( +( <'&a a *%*$a(ár (e'je$ $%+'e$$+)+!en a("nai (á<adá$( indQ("(( Vie(na< e''en9 Ne< U$a Á%$iá!an, ane< a% e)+$% &i'á)"n >+'e'e< 'e(( rrá9 A(*!!, <in( e);<i''iárd 'e'e( $%á<'á': a(a'<a$ "'"$$%=$ <e)in?d='(9 A <indeni á'(a' re((e)e(( $ár)a &e$%ede'e< arn;j(á$i *?



%e'$+)!e er6'(9 A &i'á) n+8ei '+'e)%e(&i$$%a>"j(&a +($+)!ee$e(?(en >i);e'(+ a >ej'e<+n;ee(9 Ne<U$a A<eria, de a S%"&je(?=ni: i$ <inden e''ene%+$ n+'6' (Pri .Qna a)re$$%i:já(9 -+) a%(a% ár(a('an >en;e)e(%+$( i$ <e''%i, "); <inden $e)Q($+)e( <e)?

ad Vie(na<na $%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;ai <e)&+d+$+e%9 A +( <a)á($%=8era(a'"<na e''+8(e(e(( U$endr e);ie $e< ri")a( a &i'á)?á!"r i(*r+$+ne &e$%+';+&e', a<in( (e((+ e%( -a);ar"r$%á),.=!a, J$e$%'"&áia, &a); E);i8("< e$e(+!en9 A a'')a(á$ anná'<e)'e8!!, i$%en .Qna <ár rende'e%i a("<!"<!á&a'9A .Qnai &e%e( a%"n!an $%"<"ran (a8a$%(a'(á# ne< ");a% a<eriai 8a8Qr(i)ri$$e', de <+) a &e'e e); $';U$"8"r(!a a'i)a$"r"'a(: Vie(na<<a' &a': !ir:%á$á!an i$ a'='<arad(a9 A arU?

ed%e(( &ie(nae);&er%e(6e' !i%("$20@+%%e' árQ("((á e' a e&+$!+ $%er&e%e(( );en)+n >e'$%ere'( .Qnaiad$ere) <e)?<e)j=': (á<adá$ai(9 A .Qnai &e%e(+$ a%%a' "'d"((a>e' Qn"$ %a&ará(, "); (á<adá$a !6n(e(aUi: &"'(, a<e'; <ár e'?+r(e U+'já(, $ e); j: :na8 e'(e'(+&e' U$a8a(ai( &i$$%a&"nja9A á!"r <+re)e&eri >"n("$ (a8a$%(a'a((a' 'e((e )a%da)a!? !a9 A >ia$: rá&i'á)Q("(( a .Qnai "n&+de'e< );en)e$+)+re9 );

a%( <"nda(j= .Qna $%á<ára i$ $%"')á'( (an='$á))a'9 A% a<eriai)a%da$á) &á'$á)e%e'i i$ <e)n;=)"d&a &e((+ (=d"<á$=' a e';?%e( a'a='á$á(9 A 'e$%ere'+$ne 'á($%: %$"n)'r*d+$ +$ a >e);&er?%e( >ej'e$%(+$+ne "r'á("%á$a ne< 6(*%i $e<+'e aadá';!a9A a(a'<a$ .Qna á!"r$ +$%6'd+$+ne U$a a 'e)e'ej+n (ar(9E%en a (+ren (eá( $e<+'e <e)'e8e(+$(' $e< e'' (ar(ani920A ALDOR7?TORONBAN SLOS DÖN?TÉSRE .ÉNSZERLNE. A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ a S%"&je(=ni: á'(a' i8r"&"á'( "8e?re(( á!"r ne< (=d(á <e)"'dani a% a<eriai )a%da$á) e);re<+';6' &á'$á)á(9 A<eria á''a<ad:$$á)a &á'("%a('an=' n9 A &i?'á)!an a<e'; <*)*(( (*!!$+)+!en a<eriai (e á'' $%"Uia?'i$(a "r<án;%a(" r+$%+re >"';:$Q("(( i(e'eine <e)(+r6'+$e i$U$a 8a8Qr"n '+(e%i, i$%en a% e$ed+e$ (*r'e$%( r+$%'e(e +$ a



<a)a$ a<a(" U$a ja!! i(e'e!' Qra(: 'e9 .+$%8+n%? !e&+(e' a n=''á&a' e);en'9 A >"';a<a("$ e'<+'e(i 'e$%ere'+$, $"?a' iná!! a >e);&er%e("r'á("%á$ er$en <+r$+'i =);an a $%"&je(>e);&ere%+$ a<eriai (á<")a(á$ára >"rdQ("(( *$$%e)ee(9 -+)i$ a

n;"'U&ana$ +&e *%e8+re a% a<eriai )a%da$á) &á'$á)a "';an<+re(ee( *'(*((, "); a &i'á)"( =ra': 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< a% eddi?)i *r*<$%aad(ái) &+de'<e%e(( 8"'i(iája (e'je$ =darU"( &a''"((&i'á)"nUe8Ui:já( >e'adni +n;$%er6'9 A (P%"'(: <e)"'dá$"na &+)e, )enerá'i$ <e)"'dá$( e'' ere$ni9 A >e);&ere%+$ &i$$%a>"?)á$á&a' a% ár=(er<e'+$ +$%'e(ei e'ada(a('an <enn;i$+)re n*&e?ed(e9 E);re na);"!! <enn;i$+) er6' <e)$e<<i$Q(+$re r+$%? !en e'a&='($á)=, r+$%!en +'e'<i$%eren+' a $%a&a("$$á)i id

'ejár(a <ia((9 E%e a &e$%(e$+)e ("&á!! n*&e'i a )a%da$á) &á'?$á)á(9A &i'á) $%a!ad<P&e$$+) 'e)>!! a8"$("'ai, <in( a 'á(a?(a('an &i'á)a(a'"< 'e)>e'$!! &e%+rara <e)'e8, a 'ee( 'e)ra?diá'i$a!! <+) !++$ne <"nda(: d*n(+$( "%9 7e' e'' adni a9 $%á%ad na); Q$+r'e(+( a% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)i irán;Q(á$(e'je$ &er(i=<á(9 E%e a nQ'=$?<en(i !á!á $e<e'á'd"%á?

$á&a' +'e(re e'(e(( ("r%$%6'*((e(, <i&e' re<+n;eie( !e&á'(ani ne<(=d(a, e);$%erPen <e)>"j($á9 E'rende'i (eá( a $%"Uia'i$(ána ne&e%e(( (ár$ada'<a 'er"<!"'á$á( F&Q&<án;aia' e);6((9 AFrend$%er&á'(: <a);ar +$ U$e$%'"&á, &a); aár a (*!!i &a%a'?'=$ <"$( <e)+rde%e((e &"'na, a e);$%er e%e a F&Q&<án;"a$%"n(a'an" &"'(a a<e';e% anna idej+n $e< >+r( +($+) a"r e);&ere$ !ea&a("%á$ árán a%"a( &+de'?210<e%ni 1?!an +$ 1@?!anW De a% jd"n$6'( $%a!ad<P&e$Fde<"ra(i=$an <e)&á'a$%("(( &e%e( ne< +rde%(+, iná!!i$%"')á'(a((á a &e%e(+$6 a'á );Pr( n+8ee( $%a!ad<P&e$)a%dái ja!! :!"r(jaina9 S( 'ee(&+ (e((+ a%áj= nee%en<e)(ere<(e(( ja&aina >i''+re+r( &a': e'ajánd+"%á$á( 8ri&a(i%á?Ui:na ere$%(e'( %$"n)'r*d+$ ere(+!en a 6'>*'di F!e>e(e(?+n( je'en(e% 8á"';(e$(&+rei $%á<ára9



A $%"Uia'i$(ána ne&e%e(( (ár$ada'<a $%aná'á$á( a $%6'an;aS%"&je(=ni:&a' e%d(+9 A <e)ne&e%e(( ind" a S%"&je(=ni: )a%?da$á)i *$$%e"<'á$a &"'(, aeje%e(e('en<+r(+P a<eriai (á<")a(á$a <e''e(( 6'*n*$e!! <e)rá%:d(a(á$n+'6' e'!Qr(a9A á!"r =(áni *'($+)e$ a("<, ra+(a +$ Praj:%á$i 8r")ra< !ár enne *'($+)+( i$ na);"!! r+$%!en A<eria >i%e((e $e<in)a((a <e) a $%"&je( )a%da$á)"(9 A 'a"$$á) a% á'(a'a <e)$%""(($%er+n; +'e($%Qn&"na'"n +'(e +'e(+(9 -+) U$a +$%re&ee( <+r(+P

)a%da$á)i &á'$á)r:' $e< !e$%+'e(6n9 De i!Qr(a a ar<inUa$+&e (*!! =''á<=n je'en(e% +Qn$+)+( i$, a<e';ne á'd"%a(á(<+r(+ad: =(a(: 30?40 <i''i: >re !eU$6'i9 Ee% (ár$='( <+)a S%"&je(=ni: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ 25 <i''i:, e);e$e $%erin(FU$a 20 <i''i:, de <inden+88en na);"n <a)a$, e<!er&e$%(e?$+)e, i$%en N+<e("r$%á) =);ana%( <i''i:$ &e$%(e$+))e' &Q&(a<e)9 De a )a%da$á) "<"';na <"nda(: <e)in)á$ár:', &á'$á)á?r:' ne(án *$$%e"<'á$ár:' $e<<i+88en ne< !e$%+'e(6n9 -+)

a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r *%!en Ne_ "r?( %$id: $%a!ad<P&e$e 8+n%e'(e "<<=ni$(a a(a'"<á(&+(e'(, a<e'; a na); "(:!eri >"r?rada'"< +$!!i e'ne&e%+$$e' er6'( !e'e Or"$%"r$%á) (*r(+ne'?<+!e, $e< Q$+r(e )a%da$á$i *$$%e"<'á$9 E'+) e); 8i''an(á$( &e(niOr"$%"r$%á) 1159 e'((i +$ =(áni 10, 1, 20 "8ee$ UQ<'e(P a8?r:8+n%eire9 );an"';an $'; +$ <+re(P, &a'a<in( >in"<$á)e%6$(!' +$%6'(e, U$=8án a á($: "'da'án '+& UQ<er á!rája &á'?("%"((9A S%"&je(=ni: 8"'i(iai +$ )a%da$á)i Xa e(( =);ani$ na);"n*%e'i r""na e);<á$naY *$$%e"<'á$a <inden 'á($%a( e''en+reU$=8án >iUi:9 Enne 'e)+e$e!! !i%"n;Q(+a a% "r"$% j)a%da)" 211ir(e'en e'e(e%e(( a(a'<a$ &a);"na, a<e'; );aran &e(e$%i a'e)>ej'e((e!! a8i(a'i$(a "r$%á)" )a%da$á)i e'i(j+ne &a);"ná&a'9 N;=)"d(an <e)+rde%e(j6 <i!'W Hi$%en a% j (ár$ada'<i +$



)a%da$á)i á(rende%d+$ :(a a )a%da$á) &a':!an $(a)ná'] ); e%(<+) <e)(er<e'ni ne< (=d(a9 A% U$a a% F*$$%e"<'"(( $%"&je()a%da$á) r"<jai!:' +8%de(e((9 E); $%:, <in( $%á% na);"n i$+r(+e$ r"<" &"'(a e%e9

A "<<=ni%<=$ >e'$%á<"'á$á"% a 'e)<e)!Q%a(:!!, j: +? 8e$$+)P &e%e(re &an $%6$+) a S%"&je(=ni:!an9 Ee% a8:ra j*(( Andr"8"& &ára('an a'á'a, a<e';e( j:' +r(e$6'( &i$$%ae<'+e?% a Bre%$n;e&?U$a'ád );+<án(?8ana<áina &i%$)á'a(ára &e%e(?ne &i$$%a9 E% a%"n!an irán;Q("(( 6r6); i$ 'ee(e((9A a'd"r>?("r"n;!+'i (er&e% a <ár "rá!!an i$%e<e'( >i?a(a' G"r!aU$"&"(?&+'(+ a 'e)a'a'<a$a!! &e%e(ne a% ide"':)ia+$ a )a%da$á) (e'je$ á(>"rdQ(á$ina 'e&e%+n;'+$+re9 Lá(a(:an e% a

<"$%&ai 8á"'; e''ene%+$+!e 6(*%*((9 9A 8"'i(iai <<iá &e?%e(+$+e% $%""(( j:$%er+&e' <+) i%ár:'a) <á$"di )eneráUi:$a'a8Q(: );ana"d&a >i);e'(e a >ia(a'e<!er dina<i%<=$á(9 );(Pni a Ne_?"r?ia +$ a <"$%&aia *%*(( e);>aj(a <"d=$&i&endi e'e(e%e((9-e)á''a8"d(a a >+' 'á!á&a' <ár a $ir $%+'+n á'': J$ern;en:$%e<+';+!en, i*(&e, "); =(ána G"r!aU$"&na e'' j*nnie9J$ern;en: 8ár(>(i(ári =ra'<a a'a(( &a':$á))a' re'á<"%(á

G"r!aU$"& $%e<+';+(9 Lá(")a(á$( (e(( $%in(e <inden "';an na); +$*%+8a(a'"< "r<án;ainá', a<e';e a j*&end $%"&je( &e%e($%á<ára <inden+88en 8ar(nere 'e$%ne <ajd9 A $%"&je( +$ a%a<eriai $aj(: a<8án;?Q%P an)"$ !e$%á<"':a' Q$+r(e e%ee(a 'á(")a(á$"a(9A% *re) +$ !e(e) J$ern;en: $%ere8e a !ir"da'"< irán;Q(á$á? !an U$=8án n+&'e)e$ &"'(9 -+) a 8"'i(iá!an e&+$!+ jára(:$$%e<'+' i$ (a8a$%(a'a((á 'e)a'á!!i$ a $aj(: e%( a 'á($%a("(i);ee%e(( e'(eni "); a S%"&je(=ni: aj:ja "r<án;"$ n+'6'i<!á':d%i a &i'á)8"'i(ia (en)er+n9 Ha'á'a, a <indeni á'(a'*nn;en 8r")n"$%(i%á'a(: id$%a!an, !e*&e(e%e((9 He';+re a"rá!!i <e)á''a8"dá$na <e)>e'e' G"r!aU$"&"( &á'a$%("((á9A% j $%"&je( &e%e( ne< >=ar"d"(( a !ir"da'"< *$$%e$ i? !áina >e'(árá$á( +$ n;i'&án"$$á (+(e'+( i''e(en9 Ai $%e<+';+&e'212



a8U$"'a(!an <ár "rá!!an i$ e''en$%en&&e' &i$e'(e((e, a(ár"?%"((an >e''+8(e re>"r<jai e''en9E%((a', a (ár);i'a)"$an aar=n <aradni, <e) e'' &+de?n6n e);$%erP '")iáj=a(# Vaj"n $%a!ad?e a e(&en +& a'a(( (P%?

%e'?&a$$a', a a(a'<a$ á'd"%a((a' jár: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r&a' >e'?+8Q(e(( (ár$ada'e'adá$á&a' <e)&á'("%(a(niW Aár");an i$ &an,de a $%"&je( di(a(ra !i%("$Q(ja a (ár$ada'"< $"a á'(a' iri);'+$re<+'(: $(a!i'i(á$á(9 E%e a <e)*re)ede(( "r("d" $%a!ad<P&e?$e (='ajd"n+88en $%e<!eer6'(e Ne_?"r?i );á<"'Q(:ia',aine "rá!!i i&á'($á)aia( *$%*ne((+9 Or"$% naUi"na'i%?<=$= 'e);%(e 8á"';>e);e'<6e(9

G"r!aU$"& =);an >""%a("$an 'eU$er+'(e a 8ár( 'e)>e'$!! &e?%e((e$(6'e(+( a 8"'i(iai !i%"(($á)"(, de a% á'(a'a i&á'a$%("(( ja ne< á''(a e);+r(e'<Pen <*)+9-ire a a8i(a'i%á':d: >"';a<a( &i$$%a>"rdQ(a(a('anná &á'(,'e<"ndá$ra i$ +n;$%er6'(9 A S%"&je(=ni: >e'!"<'á$a <ár /e'Uin=ra'<a idej+n >eje%d*(( !e, U$a );, <in( a )a%da$á) <e$(er$+?)e$ $%+(%%á$a, de 'e)a'á!!i$ anna 'á($%a(a9A% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a !"'$e&i%<=$ (e'je$ >e'$%á<"'á$á( a S%"&?

je(=ni: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ ja&ada'<a%á$a+n( a8"(( &a%a''=$á''a<"ra i$ i(erje$%(e((+9 Enne 'e&e%+n;'+$+( i$ a% "r"$%" &+)e%(+9 V+)reaj(á$á( anna 'á($%a(á&a' (er&e%(+, <in(a a <á?$"di &i'á)á!"r$ >i%e($+) *(&en+&e$ a(árideje 'ejára(á&a' (en?n+9 Bár enne i';en '+(e% in(er&a''=<a $"a$e< er6'( n;i'&á?n"$$á)ra9 E((' >6))e('en6' ne< e'+8%e'e(e('en, "); a 8"($da?"';a<a("( *(?a( +&&e' "rá!!an indQ("((á, ar?ra en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni, a !e*&e(e%e((n+' 'a$$!!, *&e(e%+$?+88 "$$%a!! id a'a(( (er&e%(+9 E%( 'á($%i i)a%"'ni a% E);e$6'(Á''a<" &e%e( 8"'i(i=$ai á'(a' e!!en a% id!en j!á' e<'e)e(e(($%"Uia'i$(a á''a<" "r'á("%"(( $%=&ereni(á$ára &a': =(a'á$", !ár a "rá!!i(:' e'(+r >")a'<a!an U$"<a)"'&a9 -ind a Rea)an,<in( a% ( >e'&á'(: B=$ "r<án; (a)jai i$ :&&a in(i a &a%a''=$



á''a<" n+8ei(, "); >6))e('en$+)i (*re&+$ei!en U$a addi)<ee(ne e', a<eddi) a S%"&je(=ni: !i%("n$á)á( ne< &e$%+';e%?213(e(i, )e"8"'i(iai e';%e(6nre &a': á''and: i&a("%á$= <ár

$%in(e !e(e)e$$+ &á'i9-inde%e 'á(a(:&á (e((+ A<eria +$ a !=á$ra Q(+'( S%"&? je(=ni: (i("$ $%*&e($+)e(9 E% a $%*&e($+) a (ár$ada'")j=,"); a >ej'e(( a8i(a'i$(a "r$%á)"ra i$ á((erjed( a<eriai )a%da$á?)i &á'$á)9 Ö$$%ean)"'( e%e'+$+re '+(re"%"(( );ne&e%e(( G?5?e, a +( 'e)>ej'e((e!! á''a< &e%e(ine (anáU$"%á$ain <indene$e(!en r+$%( &e$% Or"$%"r$%á) e'n*e i$9 edi) ( a 'e)>ej'e((e!?

!e *%+ $"r"'ni a !"'$e&i%<=$ $%aná'á$á&a' <e)U$"nQ(&a Fen;?e ('%á$na <"nda(:9 .+$!! a G?5?e, a<e';e id*%!enOr"$%"r$%á) +8&i$e'j+&e' Xe'n*+&e'Y G?@?aá a'a='(a a(á?r"%a("( "%(a 20 <i''iárd d"''ár"$ a'a8 '+(re"%á$ára a &"'($%"&je( (*<e)8=$%(Q(: >e);&ere <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+re9-+) enn+' i$ e'+8e$%(!!, "); a NATO 'e)>"n("$a!!d*n(+$ei!en Or"$%"r$%á) Fe);e(+r(+$i j")"( a89 .*%+r(e(en#Or"$%"r$%á)na a!!an a NATO?!an, a<e';ne ne< i$ (a)ja, $(

'+(re"%á$á( +88en a% e''ene &a': &+de'e< U+'já!:' (e((+, &+(:j"?)a &an9 A%" a Frend$%er&á'(: .e'e(?E=r:8ai "r$%á)", ai a&ar$:i $%er%d+$!' a NATO F&ádern;je a'á *n;*r*)(+ <a?)=a( á<='a(!a e$&e e''e(( (a8a$%(a'já# i$<+( rá$%ed(+ e(9A e'e(n+<e(e +$ a U$ee, (a'án <+) a r"<án" i$, 'e)?a'á!!i$ a% +88en a(a'<"n '+& !"'$e&i$(a e';(ar(: );ana"d&a>i);e'(+ G"r!aU$"& 8ere$%(r"jájá(9 -a)= i$ a!!a a di'e<<á!ae$(e, <in( a% "r"$% "r("d" 8ár("'i)arUá9 7=rU$ána (ar("((á,"); +88en a $%"&je( 8ár(>(i(ár !i%(a(ja e( "<<=ni$(a e''e?ne$$+)re9 .6'*n*$en a n+<e(e (Pn(e i, e''ene%+$6e'9-"nd&án, a%+r( "); a $%"<$%+d!an 'aá$>e'jQ(á$( &+)e%ne,ná'= <+) ne< e'' iU$er+'ni a (a8+(á(9 Aara('an=' i$ e$%6!e j=("(( Hi('er di'e<<ája a %$id:a', a<i"r a <=ná$"a( a'a'?<a%: %$id: &á''a'"%:a( "(( 'á((a a !+re e<e'+$+( *&e(e'$%(ráj<ene(e +'+n9 A Frend$%er&á'(á$ i(erje$%(+$e .e'e(?N+?





);ar"r$%á)ra .rj=U$"& a .GB &e%e(je $%e<+';e$en "%(a e' +$ad(a á( r+$%+re a rend$%er&á'(á$ á'(a'= id"')"%"(( <:djá( +$ <e?ne(rendj+(9 Gr:$% e'<"ndja, "); e% a >"r)a(:*n;& (ar(a'<a%(aa% j 8ár(" a'aQ(á$á(, a<e';e +'e(re $e)Q(+$+!en a% -SZ- r+?

$%+r' "%$)a; I<re !á!á$"d"((9 A% j 8ár(" 'e)>"n("$a!! &e?%e(i( i$ a% -SZ- $=)a'<a%á$a $%erin( &á'a$%("((á <e)9 A &"'( 8ár(>(i(ár 8ana$%"di, "); a >"r)a(:*n;& &+)reaj(á$á!a a8?r:!! i!á =);an !eU$$%(a, anna e); a% e);!en &a': &+)re?aj(á$a ne< $ier6'( (e'je$en9 Gr:$% =);an e'a'')a(ja, de a !e*?&e(e%e(( e$e<+n;e!' <a <ár (e'je$en &i'á)"$, "); a >"r)a(:?21*n;&ne a%( i$ e''e(( (ar(a'<a%nia, "); a% j 8ár("!a, 6'*n*?

$en &e%e($%er&ei!e <in+' (*!! "<<=ni$(a <'(já( 'á($%:'a)<e)(a)ad:, <a)á( ne<%e(i $%Qne!en j:' e'adni (=d:, e);+!+n(i(P "<<=ni$(á( e'' !e+8Q(eni, "); a%" &+)6'i$ 8ir"$?>e+r?%*'d U$"<a)"'á$!an ("&á!!ra i$ a ne<%e(*%i $%a!ad<P&e$$+)+rdeei( $%"')á'já, (i("$ =(a$Q(á$aia( $%in(e +$%re&+('en6' &+)re?aj($á9Erre a ie(e('en <:d$%erre -a);ar"r$%á)"n <ajd a 20029+&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$"a( *&e(en der6' e);+r(e'<Pen >+n;9 A

&á'a$%(á$" ered<+n;e+n( a(a'"<ra er6' <ini$%(ere'n*, aiajdani a% -SZ- (á<")a(á$á&a' <in( F8ár("nQ&6'i er6' a"r<án; +'+re9 -ajd r*&ide$en n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6', "); a 8ár(?á''a< idej+n $%i)"ran (i("$ +<e'árQ(: (i$%( &"'(9 E% a "ra!e'i);a"r'a(!an er$ *(d+$( je'en(e((, a <e)$%á'': S%"&je(=ni: (i(?"$$%"')á'a(á"% a .GB?e%9A (i("$$%"')á'a(i <'((a' a8U$"'a("$ !"(rán;( ("<8Q(and:+88en -SZ ja&a$'a(ára 8ar'a<en(i !i%"(($á) =(:'a) Fá(&i'á)Q("(?(a a% 109 :(a <P*d*(( <ini$%(eree( +$ á''a<(i(na(, ");i &"'(a a 8ár(á''a< idej+n (i("$ 6);n**9 .ider6'(, "); a%-SZ?a Q&6' &a'a<enn;i 8ár( $%Qnei!en <ini$%(eri (árUá"% j=?("((a *%*(( $%+8 $%á<!an aad(a ne<U$a &"'( -SZ-?$e,ane< (i("$ 6);n** i$9Gr:$% .ár"'; a n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'( 149 $%+n +$%6'(in(erj r+$%'e(!en (a)adja =);an, "); (er&6!en a -a);ar De?



<"ra(a 7:r=< +$ An(a'' /:%$e> i$ $%ere8e'( &"'na9 Bár An(a'' <i?ni$%(ere'n*i <P*d+$e e%( <+)i$ <indenn+' j"!!an !i%"n;Q(ja9 Ari8"r(!:' a%( i$ <e)(=d(=, "); Gr:$% á''Q(:'a) an)"' !i%(a(á$ra(*!! $%á% "'da'"n <e)Qr( e<'+ira(ai(, a<e';ne )"nd"%á$á( e);?

"ri !i%a'<a$ára Bara!á$ /án"$ra a% -SZ- 8"'i(iai !i%"(($á)a&"'( (a)jára a);(a9 -a)a a% a (+n;, "); e% a% e<'+ira( a <aina8i) ne< er6'( iadá$ra <+) U$a r+$%'e(ei!en $e< arra en?)ed *&e(e%(e(ni, "); a% e)+$% rend$%er&á'(á$i <P&e'e( <a)á? !an >")'a'(a a "r <inden $%+'á<"$$á)á(9 E% a >e'6'r' i(er&e'(+$ 'e&e%+n;e'( $%aná'á$ ne< a "<<=ni%<=$ *$$%e"<'á$ána,ane< !ár<i';en ie(e('en a $%a!ad<P&e$ irán;Q(á$ a<eriaia8i(a'i%<=$ *$$%e"<'á$$a' >en;e)e( &á'$á)ána *&e(e%<+?

n;e921Anna e''en+re, "); &a'a<enn;i "<<=ni$(a &a%a''=$ á''a<+'+n (i("$ $%a!ad<P&e$e á''na, $( !e''6 er6'( i a 'e)?$%Pe!! &e%e($+)6 i$, a% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a );ar<a(i =ra'"<<:d$%ereine >e'adá$á!an (*!!$+)6!en !i%"n;"$ e''ene%+$(&á'("(( i9 E%e *%6' 6'*n*$en a .e'e(?n+<e( H"neUer +$ ar"<án Jea=$e$U= !i%"n;='( a 'e)$%Q&:$a!!na9 A 'á(a(a('an &i?

'á)a(a'"< &+)reaj(:i *n;*r(e'en6' 'i&idá'(á e(9 H"neU?err' Re%a a'a&i $a"% a$"n':an r*&ide$en ider6'(,"); $';"$ rá!an $%en&ed, <ajd Ji'+!en +' 'án;á"% $%á''Q(? já, a"' r*&ide$en <e)a'9 E% a <e)"'dá$ a r"<án di(á("r e$e?(+!en ne< &"'( <e)"'da(:9 =);ani$ <inden 6'>*'di (jára<a)á&a' &i((e ne<U$a a $%aáU$á(, ane< +(e%+$+ne a'a8an;a?)ai( i$9 ); (Pni a $%e<+';i i$%"')á'á$á"% *$$%e&á'")a("(($%e<+';%e( i$ <e)!Q%a(:!! &"'(, <in( a (*!!ie+9I(( a% 1?"$ i8r"&"á'( <a);ar >"rrada'"< <:d$%erei(Q&(á $e)Q($+)6' n+"rrada'?<a(9 E!!en "<"'; $%ere8 j=("(( a <a);ar $%ár<a%á$ T+$Lá$%': erd+';i re>"r<á(=$ 8a8na i$9 Anna idej+n nee%en &"'(+r(e(, "); a (e<8'"<!a $%in(e er<e(i=$an e'%ár( 8a8 6'*n?



!*% n;i'a("%a(ai ");an j=(na i +$ $%ere% r:'a (=d"<á$( a%e)+$% &i'á)9 A"r <+) ne< $ej(e((6, "); i &"'(a a Qr&i?&9 T*!! :na8"$ <e)>e$%Q(e(( <=na +$ &á'")a("(( <:d$%ere !e&e(+$e =(án $ier6'( a (e<e$&ária n;Q'( "88"%QUi:já( i&á'(ani,

a<e'; e%=(án )"nd"$ $%er&e% e%e n;"<án e'j=("(( B=are$(i)9A >"rrada'<ina <"nd"(( e$e<+n;ee( a r"<án (e'e&Q%i: <ind?&+)i) *%&e(Q(e((e9 -a)á!:' a >"rrada'=ar"d(a a >"rrada'"';a<a("$ i$<er(e(+$+&e' a>"rrada'"< <e$(er$+)e$ >e'$%Q(á$á!:' +$ 'e&e%e(+$+!' <inden 'á(?$%a( e''en+re a re((e)e(( r"<án (i("$ $%"')á'a( i$ i&e((e a r+$%+(9A%( <"nda(nán a "<<=ni$(a 8ár((a' e);6(( <ind&+)i) $%i'ár?

dan e%+!en (ar("((a a a(a'<a( Jea=$e$U= e);i a'&e%+reW I'ie$U=&e%e(+$+&e' (='ajd"n+88en a% e);8ár(i =ra'"< >"';a<a("$$á)a&á'("%a('an <arad(9 R*)(*nQ(+' !Qr:$á)"( "%(a '+(re, a<e'; a$%a!ad<P&e$ e$6j+( <e)(a)ad: "nd=á("r( e);e('en 6'+$215a'a(( a'á'ra Q(+'(e +$ a);"n'*&e((e9 A 'a"$$á) ed+';+ne <e)?n;=)(a(á$ára a i&+)%+$( a (e'e&Q%i:!an i$ !e<=(a((á9Jea=$e$U= i&+)%+$+ne (e'e&Q%i:!e'i 'á(&án;a =);an ne<

&"'( &a'ae'e'$$+)+( e);e('en U$a'ád n;aá!a &arrjá, a<e';e% a"nd=á("r i$á)a +$ *rn;e%e(e á'(a' ia'aQ("(( na); $%e<+';i='(=$%a 'á($%:'a) "<"'; a'a8"( ad"((9 A 'a"$$á) ed+';e i$*nn;en +$ r*&id id a'a(( 'eU$i''a8"d"((, <"nd&án a !Pn*$, ai?ne <inden n;"<"r$á)=a( *$%*ne((+ a'"((9 A r"<án $%a? !ad<P&e$ &e%+rar (e'je$ <+r(+!en á(&e((e a /+%=$?"ra!e'i%$id: S%anedrin +r&e'+$+(9 A<i"r =);ani$ a r:<ai <e)$%á'':a(:$á)" á'(a' &a': <e)>e$%Q((e(+$+r' d*n(*((e, &+'e<+n;6e(a%%a' 8r:!á'(á i)a%"'ni, ");# Finá!! e); e<!er &e$$%en e',<in( a (*r&+n; $+r6'j*n9A r"<án 6'? +$ !e'8"'i(ia (*r(+ne'<e $"rán $%á<"$ e$e(!en&i$e'ede(( nee%en <e)<a);ará%a(: <:d"n9 E >=rU$a$á)" *?%+ (ar("%i a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r idej+n a %$id: 8r"!'+<a e%e'+?



$e9 A<i"r <á$ n+<e(!e>"';á$ a'á er6'( á''a<"(:' a n+<e( a?(:$á)" <=na$%"')á'a(ra &a': i$%á''Q(á$=a( +r(+, R"<ániá? !an a ad$ere) <ár U$ane< 4009000 %$id:( *'( <e)9); N+<e("r$%á) <ár e'e&e 'e<"nd"(( arr:', "); R"<ániá?

!:' a á!"r$ =(án8:('á$ (er<e'+$+e% %$id: <=naer( a8j"n9 Ar"<ániai %$id:$á) (er&$%erP 'e);i'"'á$ána <:djár:' +$ <+re(ei?r' %$id: $%er%# -a(a(ia$ Jar8, a r"<án Z$id: S%*&e($+)+ne e'n*e ad r+$%'e(e$ (áj+"%(a(á$( 4 *(e(e$ *n;&+!en9A% 14?!an B=are$(!en iad"(( <P&+( !e(i'("((á9 E);*?(e(e$ <a);ar n;e'&P *$$%e>")'a':ja 10?!en je'en( <e)# H"'"Ua?=$( R"<ániá!an 140?144 UQ<en9A &e$%(e$ á!"r =(án /"n An("ne$U= <ar$a'' R"<ánia F&e?

%+re a á!"r$ !Pn*$$+)+( (ár);a': !Qr:$á) e'(( a%%a' &+dee?%e((, "); ne< $%"')á'(a((a i R"<ánia %$id:i( N+<e("r$%á)na,Q); <e)<en(e((e a%" +'e(+(9 A=rU$a (*r(+ne(!en a'e)+rdee$e!!, a );%(e$ na);a(a'<a, de <+) I%rae' i$ ne< a%$id: -a(a(ia$ Jar8 <e)á''a8Q(á$ai ane< An("ne$U= n;i'&án?&a': a%=)$á)ai( >")ad(a e'9 I%rae' a á!"r =(án <ind&+)i) a 'e)?$%Q&+';e$e!! a8U$"'a("( (ar("((a >enn Jea=$e$U= R"<ániájá&a'9 $%á''Q("((a R"<ánia r+$%+re a 'e)<"derne!! adi>e'$%ere'+$ee(9

21@A r"<án (i$%(iar( i%rae'i a("nai &e%e( +8e%(+ i9 A <inden>=r>an))a' !&en <e)á'd"(( I%rae' á!='(an a);(a, ");Jea=$e$U= ann;i !r( %%"n 'e r:'a, a<enn;i U$a &an raj(a9 1R"<ániá&a' e''en(+(!en a <a);ar "r<án;%a( +$ 6'*n*$enH"r(; "r<án;%: *r*<$%aad(ái) &+de'<e%(e a <a);ar"r$%á)i%$id:$á)"(9 -=na$%"')á'a(ra &a': i$%á''Q(á$á( a n+<e(e <inden$6r)e(+$e e''en+re <ind&+)i) e'$%a!"(á'(a9 Ne< &+'e('en6' +$<inden " n+'6' ne&e%(e Hi('er -a);ar"r$%á)"( E=r:8a )e((:já?na9-ajd U$a a% "r$%á) n+<e( <e)$%á''á$a =(án <a)= a n+<e?(e $%á''Q("((á i a %$id:$á) e); r+$%+(9 Enne <e)aadá';"%á$á?ra a n+<e( <e)$%á'': a(:$á)" e''en+!en a $%=&ereni(á$á&a' <ár ne< rende'e% "r<án; +8(e'en &"'(9 -a);ar"r$%á)"( a &e$%(e$á!"r =(án <+)i$ "''e(Q& á!"r$ !Pn*$ne de'ará'(á +$



(ar(já <ind a <ai na8i)9A >+r>ia );aran >aadna i# FNe< +r(e< a ne(M Én 8e?di) Q); (Pnd*<# FNe< +r(e< a %$id:a(M J$e$%'"&áia, ai a%e'$ &i'á)á!"r =(án a 'á(a(a('an a(a'"<na *$%*ne((e '+(re?

j*((+(, $%a!ad<P&e$ >e);e'e<<e' &á'("(( á( "<<=ni%<=$!:' aa8i(a'i%<=$!a9A% á(<ene( i(( &"'( a 'e)$i<á!!, <+) S%'"&áia 'e$%aadá$ai$ a *rn;e% &i'á) $%á<ára $%in(e +$%re&+('en6' <en( &+)!e9 -e)i$ j=(a'<a%(á +r(e9 A $%"&je( U$a8a(" .e'e(?N+<e("r$%á)"( +$-a);ar"r$%á)"( i$ <e)e'%&e innen &"n='(a i a 'e)"rá!!an9 I((ne< &"'( $%6$+) a% á''a<8ár( e'$ e<!er+ne 'i&idá'á$ára, <in(a% ND. +$ R"<ánia e$e(+!en9 A r+)i &e%e( e'(6n(e(+$e na);

&a':$%QnP$+))e' -a);ar"r$%á)"( $e< er6'(e e'9 Ha <e))"nd"'? j=, "); .ádár /án"$ $';"$ 'e+86'+$e +$ a):niája a% "r$%á) +$a% =ra'"d: 8ár( a):niájá&a' 8ár=%a<"$an %aj'"((, $( <+) Gr:$%.ár"'; &e$erájá( i$ !ea(:!! &i%$)á'a( a'á &"nj=, a% i$<er(e$e(e =(án nee%en $%a!ad='=n a((:' a )"nd"'a((:', "); &a'ai $e)Q(e((+ 6'*n*$ 8"'i(iai e=(aná%iáj=a(91 -a(a(ia$ Jar8# H"'"Ua=$( R"<ániá!an 140?1449 1@9 "'d921

A .ERE. ASZTAL?TÁRGALÁSO. A "<<=ni$(a e';(ar(: 'i&idá'á$á( <e)e'%(e a n;=)a(i !an" "rá!!an $"$%"r e);<á$ r"&á$ára Qná'( 8+n%*'U$*nei 'a$$ e'a8adá$a9 A <a);ar"r$%á)i !"'$e&i$(a re>"r<ere á'(a' &ár(n;=)a(i )a%da$á)i "nj=n(ra (ar(:$ +$ede'<e e);re i'á(á$(a'a?na!!á (e((e a *'U$*n*, <"$( <ár a<a(ai&a' &a': a(árid$ &i$%?$%a>i%e(+$+(9 Ha&a$i 7erenU(' a 8ár( )a%da$á)á+r( >e'e'$ 8"'i(iai !i%"(($á)i (a)já(:' (=dj=, "); a n;"'U&ana$ +&e <á$"di >e'+? !en e);$%er a -a);ar Ne<%e(i Ban aran;+$%'e(+( i$ e'%á'")"?$Q("((á9 A% "r$%á) i'á(á$(a'an 8+n%6);i e';%e(e <e)n*&e'(e a$%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;" &+de'<+!en addi) je'e$ed 8ár("'i)arUia"<8r"<i$$%=<?+$%$+)+( a &i'á)a8i(a'i%<=$ 'e)>!! <e)(e$(e?$Q(i&e' $%e<!en9 N;aa(eer( <a);ará%a(" <e''e(( (i("!an<e)e%d(e a 'e)j"!! ered<+nn;e' <P*d (er<e' +$ ere$e?de'<i 6%'e(á)a ne&e($+)e$en a'aU$"n; ára"n &a': +r(+e$Q(+$+( a



"rá!!an e(edQ%i)'en e'á("%"(( a8i(a'i$(ána, 'e)(*!!$%*r U$a a $8e='án$"na9 E%( ne&e%(+ $8"n(án 8ri&a(i%áUi:na9S%á<"$ 6%e<e(, +r(+e$ +86'e(e( ráadá$=' ne<U$a "'U$:n, de i?>i%e(+$ n+'6' i(e'!e ad(á e'9 T*!! e$e(!en e 8ri&a(i%á'( ja&a

ne< i$ er6'(e i>i%e(+$re <ind a <ai na8i)9Ter<+$%e(e$en e!!' a 6'*n*$ 8ri&a(i%áUi:!:' a 8ár(ari$%?("ráUia, de <+) a% a'$:!! 8ár(&e%e( $e< <arad(a i9 7=rU$ae$e(e &"'( enne a <e);ei na8i'a8" e'adá$a a% Ae' S8rin)er $aj(:!ir"da'"< r+$%+re9 A% e'ad: <a)= a 'a8" >$%ere$%(i&"'(a9 A% e'adá$i $%er%d+$ 'e)>!! >e'(+(e'e ne< a% ár &"'(, a?ne< a >$%ere$%( +$ n+án; !enn>en(e$ <=na(ár$ána *(e'e%a'a'<a%á$a9 ); <arad( <indeni a e';+n <+) a rend$%er&á'(á$

=(án i$9A !e>"';( &+(e'árr:' a =);an &"'( i';en e);á'(a'án anna "&a er6'+$+r' a <a);ar n+8 a <ai na8i) $e< (=d $e<<i(9E'<+$ <e)"'dá$( a'a'<a%(a a (er<e' &á''a'a(" &e%e(i i$9A +($%in(P !anrend$%er 8ár=%a<"$ ia'a='á$á&a' e);re na?);"!! *$$%e)P 6%e<&i(e'i i(e'ee( &e((e >e' <indaddi), a<Q)e%e a &i$$%a ne< >i%e(e(( r*&id'ejára( i(e'e a );"r$ a<a(n*?&e<+nn;e' <e) ne< a'ad(á a (e'je$ 6%e< *n;&e'+$ $%erin(i

220+r(++(9 E%( *&e(en &a); <a)=, &a); a i(e'e% !an U$d*( je'en(e((e9 A% 6%e< &e%e(i &a); je'+8e$ e); >"rin(+r(, &a); ai(e'e &i$$%a>i%e(+$+ne Q)+re(e >ej+!en in);en Fe'8ri&a(i%á'(áa &e%e(+$6 a'a(( á'': &a);"n(9 -ajd <inden e'ada(: +r(+e( >"?"%a("$an ár=!a !"U$á("((a9 A% 6%e<e( a8aUi(á$ána (*red++?&e' <P*d(e((+, a d"')"%: na); (*!!$+)+( e'!"U$á("((á9 A%6%e< i(e'ei( e$e('e)e$ na);"n a'aU$"n; &+(e'árá( ("&á!!ra $e<>i%e((+9A "r<án;%a( a !an" F<e)<en(+$e +rde+!en e%ee( ai(e'ee( a%(án !an"n$%"'idáUi: ere(+!en <a)a >i%e((e i,a"); <"ndani $%"(á# Fa% ad:>i%e( 8+n%+!'9 A% á''a< 8ri?&a(i%áUi:$ <e)!Q%"((ai e%ere a 8ri&a(i%á'( &a);"n"ra e);e('ene$e(!en $e< *(*((e i je'%á'")"(9 ); j (='ajd"n"$ai r*&id ("ne'ad(a a%"a( F6'>*'di !e>e(e( $%á<ára i<<ár je'en($ ár"n,



de &a':$á)"$ +r(++( (ein(&e <+) <indi) >i''+re+r(9 E% a <:d?$%er a rend$%er&á'(á$ =(áni +&e!en $e< &á'("%"(( '+n;e)e$en9Le)>e'je!! ann;i!an, "); a 6'>*'di na);a'aa( i&+&e $%in(ei%ár:'a) a r+)i 8ár(e'i( r+$%+re (*r(+n( +r(+e$Q(+$e% a !an" a

"r<án; e%e$$+)&á''a'á$a <e''e(( ad(a i(e'(9 Vi$$%a>i%e(+$e e%e$e(!en i$ a !an"n$%"'idáUi: ere(+!en a% á''a<i *'($+)&e(+$? !' (*r(+n(9E%e =(án &aj"n U$"dá'a(:?e, "); a )a%da$á)i $%a+r( á'(a' 120 <i''iárd d"''árra !eU$$6'( 8ri&a(i%á'( ne<%e(i &a);"n!:'a rend$%er&á'(: "r<án;" <+) a 8ár(á''a<(:' *r**'( 22 <i''iárdd"''ár 6'>*'di ad:$$á)"( $e< (=d(á i>i%e(niW 7e'e'$(, &a); >e?'e'$*e( <ind<ái) e);e( $e< (a'á'(a9 Va':$%QnP ne< i$ ere$?

(e9A <a);ar 8"')ár e);i á<='a(!:' a <á$i!a e$e((9 .6'*n*$ena% id$e!! ne<%ed+, aine <:dja &"'( (a8a$%(a'ni, "); a%14, =(án á''a<"$Q(á$$a' <inden (+rQ(+$ n+'6' e'"!%"(( &a);"?ná( <"$( =);anU$a (+rQ(+$ n+'6' adjá <á$"na, e); r+$%+( 8e?di) <e)(ar(já <a)=na9 );ana"r >e'i$<er(e, "); a% Fá''a?<"$Q(: +$ a F8ri&a(i%r* =);ana%", de 'e)a'á!!i$ =);ana?"% a Fa$%("% (ar("%na9

.rj=U$"& Frend$%er&á'(: >"r)a(:*n;&+ne á(&+(e'e =(ánGr:$% .ár"'; i"$%("((a a $%ere8ee(9 A 'e)>"n("$a!! e);!en 'e)?$6r)$e!! (eend a 8ár( e''en%+i $%er&e%e(eine +'e((e e'(+$e +$ri8(""<<=ni$(áa' &a': >e'(*'(+$e &"'(9 E'$ '+8+$!en a 8ár(221'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$+!en e''e(( ije'*'ni a 'á($%:'a) e''en%+i <:?d"n )"nd"'"d: *rd*) 6);&+dj+(9 Erre a >e'ada(ra a i&á': &er!á?'i$ +$%$+))e' rende'e% "%$)a; I<r+( (ar("((á a 'e)a'a'<a?$a!!na9 Árn;a'( >i'"%">i=$ e'adá$ai j:' +r(e'<e%e( &"'(a <ind+( "'da'"n9 A !a'"'da'ia i$ ); +re%e((+, "); nei !e?$%+' +$ a j"!!"'da'i n+%e(ee( &a'': i$ a%( ie((+ "%%áj= $%:'9Enne e''en+re a "r $%"á$aina <e)>e'e'en e'adá$aina a''?)a(:i (*!!$+)+!en a% -SZ- (a)" +$ $%e+r("':i &"'(a9 -ind?addi), a<Q) 'e)a((ra(Q&a!! <=(a(&án;ára a 8ár("nQ&6'ie i$ 6'*n*$en a <+) <indi) <á$"d"$%(á'; á''a<8"')ár"+n( e%e'(



n;=)dQja$ "r= 6$%*!+n á'': 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU e);"rir+$%(&e&i >e' ne< a8(á a >ej6e(9 Hinni $e< aar(a a >6'6?ne, a<i"r <inden erre =(a': e'+$%6'e( n+'6' a% e);i e$(i (e?'e&Q%i:$ Qrad:!an "%$)a; !eje'en(i, "); a% 1?"$ e$e<+n;e

ne< <in$Q(e( e''en>"rrada'"<na, ane< n+8>e'e'+$ne9Anna e''en+re, "); &a':di ne&+n ne< <er(e, &a); ne< i$ aar(ane&e%ni, i$%en a"r $%a!ad$á)arU"( e''e(( &"'na <"ndania9 2A 8ár( 'e)>e'$ &e%e(+$+!en, $( a% a'$:!! 8ár(&e%e($+)e!en, dea% e);$%erP j"!!an >i%e(e(( 8ár((a)" *r+!en i$ er$ >e'*rd6'+$(&á'("(( i "%$)a; j de>inQUi:ja9 -+) a !ea&a("(( 8"'i(iai !i%"((?$á)i (a)", $( <+) <a)a Gr:$% .ár"'; i$ a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(e((+,<in(a "%$)a; e'%e(e$ (=d(= +$ 8er$%e "%%ájár='á$= n+'6',

e'' <e)a'a8"%"(($á) ián;á!an (e((e &"'na a $%á<=ra e''e?<e$ne +88en ne< <"nda(: n;i'a("%a(á(9 B$+)e$ (+<á( a8"((a% a"r <+) i%ár:'a) e);irán; $aj(: i$9 Érde<e$ <ai (=dá?$=na' &i$$%a'a8"%ni +$ jra "'&a$ni e(9 A% e<!ere a <=na?e';een !ará(i (ár$a$á)"!an, de <+) "(("n i$ err' !e$%+'(e9"%$)a; F<a)ánaUi:ja a <ai na8i) <e)(+&e$%(+$!en (ar(ja<ind a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU"$", <ind a 'a"$$á) na); (*!!?$+)+(9 edi) e%((a' i$ a rend$%er&á'("%á$ Fe'+$%Q(+$+ne e);i

e8i%:djár:' &an U$=8án $%:9 .6'*n*$en <e)<"$"';")(a(: Gr:$%.ár"'; a"ri 8ár(>(i(ár +($+)!ee$e(( "<"';$á)"( <a)áraer'(e( a'aQ(á$a9 "%$)a; =);ani$ 1@9 jan=ár 2@?a (e((e e%( a%e<'+e%e(e$ !eje'en(+$( e); $%a+r(i =(a(:U$"8"r( á''Q(:'a)"$F&+)*&e(e%(e(+$ei a'a8ján9 Á''Q(:'a) "';an id8"n(ra id%Q(&e,a<i"r Gr:$% .ár"'; ninU$ i$ B=da8e$(en, $( -a);ar"r$%á)"n2 "%$)a; I<re# ."r"na(an +$ (e((e$(ár$ 15@?59 "'d9222$e<, ne"); F<e)i$Q($a a% 1?"$ e$e<+n;e j in;i'a(?"%(a(á$á(9E%%e' $%e<!en a% i)a%$á) a%, "); .rj=U$"& a .GB a"ri>n*e 1@9 jan=ár *%e8+n <ár en)ed+';e%(e a% 1?"$ Fe'?'en>"rrada'"< á(+r(+e'+$+(9 .rj=U$"& erre &"na("%: Uiri'' !e?(P$ 'e&e'e (eá( "%$)a; !eje'en(+$e"r <ár <in(e);c +( e(e "(('a8=' a% +88en Da&"$?!an (ár);a': Gr:$% d"$$%i+já!an9 Ne< 'ee(



&i(a(ni a !eje'en(+$$e' a8U$"'a("$ $%ere86e(, <in( Gr:$% .ár"';,<in( "%$)a; I<re (*+'e(e$en já($%"((á e'9 A'aQ(á$=, a O$%?ár?dQja( ne< i$, de e); /á$%ai?-ari dQja( <inden+88en <e)+r?de<e'( &"'na9 XLaa("$ á'# A% e''"8"(( rend$%er&á'("%á$ 140?41

"'da'YA (ár$ada'"< <e)(er&e%e(( erjed+$e <e)ind='(, <ár U$a a(P%!en e''e(( (ar(ani a &a$a( +$ 8er$%e a (P% +'e$%(+$+( i$ >"';(a(nie''e((9 E!!en ne< i$ &"'( ián; j:' +8%e(( 8ár("ri>e=$", 8"'i?("':)=$" eddi) e%( a <e)ne&e%+$( ne< i$<er(6 a)i(á("r" '+)i:ja )"nd"$"d"(( a (ár$ada'"< <e)d"')"%á$ár:'9 A 'á(a(a('an=ra'"d: +$ e';(ar(:i <indenár"n arra (*reed(e, "); i&á'(?$á a (*<e)e *&e(e'+$+( a &á'("%á$" <ie'!!i <e)&a':$Q(á$ára9

A (*<e)e a%"n!an !*'U$en i&ár(a9 7+'e'e<<e' &e);e$ +r%e'?<ee' >i);e'(+ a% a):niájá!an *r) 8ár( &á'")a("(( 8"'i(iai<e)'e8e(+$ei(9 G;aran a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU &Q%i:ja erQ?(e((e e( a(a'<á!a9 Hi$%en a"r i$ >e'6'r' ind=á'(á a &á'("?%á$"a( +$ +'e'<e(e$ .GB je'en'e)i á!='($á)á!:' <a)á"% (+r a

<a);ar"r$%á)i >i:in(+%<+n;+&e' a ajdani ÁVH?&a' e);6((WI$<+( $%á%e%r+&e' j=((a(ja !*r(*n!e +$ a <á$&i'á)ra &a); (a'ána S%"&je(=ni:!a rá$%ede(( +$ !eU$a8"(( á'd"%a(ai(9 Ne< i(( a !"'?$e&i$(a <a);ará%: ne<%e(i $%:'a<ai!an +$ a S%"&je(=ni: er(?'en$+)+r' $%:': >eU$e)+$e!en9 A S%"&je(=ni: (a)á''a<aina $%in(e >e'Qná'( *ná'':$á), a S%"&je(=ni:(:' &a': e'$%aadá$ 'ee?($+)e ne< >+r( *$$%e e)+$%$+)e$ )"nd"'"dá$á&a'9 Ne< +r(e((e,");an >"rd='a( e', "); a &i'á) <á$"di 'e)na);"!! +$ j:'$%er&e%e(( a(a'<a 6'$ (á<adá$ +$ <inden +n;$%er n+'6'$%á<"'ja >e' $ajá( a(a'<á(9 E% e''en(<"nd <inden id j:%an '"?)iájána9 Ne<M E% ne< 'ee( i)a%M E%%e' <in( <ár ann;i$%"r 223e%((a' i$ <á$, e);en're i$<ere('en U+'( (aarna9 A% 8edi) $%á?<ára ne< j"!!, ane< !i%("$an r"$$%a!! 'e$%9 Ee% 8edi) $e?)+de%e( adni, a <+) "';an U$á!Q(: i$, ne< $%a!ad9



A +$!!ie $"rán der6'( >+n; arra, "); "%$)a; I<re 19n+8>e'e'+$re &a': á(Qrá$a ne< *ná'': =(a(á$aina a a(a'"<<e)er6'+$+&e' &a': ered<+n;irde(+$e &"'(, ane< a <"$%&ai>"r)a(:*n;& '+n;e)e$ r+$%e9 Enne ere(+!en er6'( $"r 1@9

jni=$ 1?án a $%a!ad<P&e$ Na); I<re +$ (ár$ai jra(e<e(+$+?re, a<e'; ne<U$a a -a);ar"r$%á)"n +', ane< a% e)+$% &i'á?)"n $%+($%:r:d"(( <+) +' $%a!ad$á)arU"$" <e)(+&e$%(+$+($%"')á'(a9 A &+)e');en)6'+$( $%Qn'e' 8ár(=ra'"< e); 25 >!'á'': (*!!$+)6!en %$id: $%ár<a%á$, a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arUi8r"&"á'á$á!an r+$%( &e((, $ U$"dá'a("$+88 "<"';a!! >e'e'?$+)re &"ná$( e'er6' &+'e(en $%a!ad<P&e$ F>"rrada'<ár*&e(e'+$+ne 'á($%:'a) en)ed&e jár='( "%%á a na);"n i$ <e)+?

$e(( &+)(i$%(e$$+) <e)adá$á"%9A a(a'"< <inden( e'*&e(e(( a &i'á) +$ -a);ar"r$%á) *%?&+'e<+n;e >i);e'<+ne <in+' na);"!! >e'e'(+$+re9 A% ?"$ >"r?rada'<ár" a &i'á) <inden $ará!:' a%aj*((e +$ "$%"r%(a9 Ne< ián;"%(a a >ri$$en a'a='( 8ár(" +$ a <e)$%á<'á'a(a('anUi&i' $%er&e%e(e $e<9 A $%er(ar(á$( a <a);ar (e'e&Q%i: U$ane<e)+$% na8 *%&e(Q(e((e9 A $%a!ad<P&e$$+) &a':!an i(e(( <a?)á+r(9 Ha Na); I<re ne< i$ (=d(a anna idej+n F<en(eni a <en(?

e((, <"$( a'a8"$an <e)ad(á a <:djá( <indanna, a<i( 1@?a$ e'>*'de'+$e"r <e)(a)ad(a ('e9 Andre_ Sar':$ d$)a%da)%$id: +$ (ár$ai# De<ján Sánd"r +$ dr9 B+'a 9 7ej+r a <a)= *'(?$+)+n á''Q("((a a 8ar'a<en( *%e'+!en $%"!r"( $%á<ára9 Na); I<r++ ra&a(a'áná' <e)'ee($en $" );á$%!e$%+dan)%"(( e'9 -ind?<ind (*!!n;ire a 8ár(á''a< (*r&+n;(e'en$+)ei("$("r"%(á9 A <ár(Qr" *n>e'á'd"%á$ána <+'(a(á$a U$a <á$"d?rendP $%e<8"n( &"'(9 A );á$%"': *%*n$+) +$ a (e'e&Q%i: n+%i6'*n*$en +( !e$%+dre 'e((e >i);e'<e$e9A% e);i !á("r $%:n" -ára; Ti!"r e<i)ráUi:!an +' Qr:&"'(9 O'; $%en&ed+';e$en "$("r"%(a a% e)+$% "<<=ni$(a rend?$%er(, "); a% id$e!! a'')a(: !i%"n; %a&ar!a j*((e9 <+)e<'+e%ne a S%"&je(=ni:( +$ a <a);ar"r$%á)i !"'$e&i%<=$( di?U$Q( 10?e$ +&e!e'i Uieire, U$a); <in( a% a<eriai U$a? 8a(" "reai á!"r$ e);e('en$+)eir' $%:': !e$%á<"':ira9 /")?



224)a' (+(e'e%(+ >e' $%in(e$+)+ne (e'je$ ián;á(9 A (e'je$$+) ed&+?+r( <e) e'' e<'Q(en6n -ára; Ti!"r %$id: $%ár<a%á$á(, a<e'; !i%("$Q("((a $%á<ára a (e'je$ Rá"$i?+rá!an a% *$$%e$ i&á'($á)"?

a(9-ajd e); <ar"n;i >ia(a'"!:' '+(re"%"(( j i>j$á)i $%er&e?%e( &e%e(je <"nd(a e' <indeni( <e)'e8 );á$%!e$%+d+(9 e?&+$!+ e<'+e%e(( i$%en +'e("ra <ia(( $%e<+';e$ +'<+n;e a$%a!ad$á)arUr:' +$ a% a%( *&e( r+<=ra'"<r:' ne< i$ 'ee(e(( $"a' iná!! a j*&r' !e$%+'(9 7")ada'<a +$ *&e(e'+$ei !á("r?$á)á!an <e$$%e <e)a'ad(a a (*!!i $%:n" >")ad"%á$ai(9 -+)-ára; Ti!"r"n i$ ('(e((9

A "<<=ni$(á Fa);a)!a d*n)*'+$+r' !e$%+'( +$ *&e(e'(ea $%"&je( U$a8a(" a%"nna'i i&"n='á$á(9 Anna e''en+re, ");<"ndand:já&a' $%in(e <indeni e);e(+r(e((, <+)i$ >+'e'e<<e'(*'(*((e e' a% e<!eree(9 Hi$%en e"r <+) a $%"&je( U$a8a(" e$e('e)e$ i&"n='á$ár:' e);e('en $%: $e< e$e((9 A% e);8ár(i =ra?'"< <+) (e'je$9 Rende'e%i &a'a<enn;i er$%a $%er&e%e(+&e'9 Ne<U$a a "<<=ni$(aP rendr$+), de >+'e'<e( $=)ár%: <=n?á$r$+), a <e)ann;i (i("$$%"')á'a("r:' ne< i$ !e$%+'&e <+)

>i%iai &a':$á)9 A% i';en 'á%Q(á$$%á<!a <en !e$%+d *n);i'"$ !á("r$á))a' +r( >e'9A% ?"$ &e(erán" de <á$" i$ =);anU$a e'U$"dá'"%?(a, a<i"r e); +& <'&a e%( a !á("r >ia(a'e<!er( a 8ar'a<en(!en'á((á $%:n""'ni9 Or$%á));P'+$i +8&i$e' 'e(( a% Fe'$ $%a!ad"n&á'a$%("(( "r$%á));P'+$!en9 Bi%"n;ára $"=na e$%+!ej=("((#1?!an =);anQ); *&e(e'(+ a $%"&je( U$a8a(" i&"ná$á(, de !i%"n; ne< a 8ar'a<en( !e er6'(e +r(e9 -+) dr9 Benede I$(?&án a $%a!ad<P&e$ Qr+!en á'':, e);+!+n( i&á': Qr: i$ <e)? je);e%(e e);i Qrá$á!an# FE% a >i (=d"(( &a'a<i(, a<i( "r)a(:*n;&<a);ar"r$%á)i rea'i%á'á$á"%9 "%$)a; 8ár(>e'ada(ána <e)>e'e?'en "%%á>") a 8ár( e''en%++ne <e)$%er&e%+$+e%9 NinU$*nn;P d"')a, anna e''en+re, "); (*!!$+)+!en a 8ár(e'i( !&e'?



edi a% e);<á$( (''iUi(á'ni i);e& &i'á)<e)&á'(: >eU$e)!en9De a 8ár( á'(a' eddi) <:d$%ere$en iree$%(e(( +$ <e''%*(( +r(e'?<i$+), a <e) i$ je'eni 6'*n!*% );P'+$een &a); <á$ rende%?&+n;een, ne< a(i&i%á':di, ane< U$ende$ $%e<'+'je <arad a%

22e$e<+n;ene9 G;ana&á$a +' &a':$á)9 Iná!! i&ár9 A% i$ "?<"'; 8r"!'+<á( je'en(, "); a 8ár("nQ&6'i +r(e'<i$+) e'+) &+?"n; r+(e)e( je'en(, i$%en a 8ár(á''a< e%de(+(' a 'e)=("'$: id?i) a á!"r e'((i +r(e'<i$+)e( a'"(:+8e$$+)+ne (e'j+!en e'6'?d*%(+ a% "r$%á)!:', j"!!i e$e(!en U$a ar<adrendP <=nán>")'a'"%(a((á9 G;er<eeie(, <in( "$%(á';ide)en( e);e(e<ere,>i$"'ára >e' $e< &e((+9 S" e$e(!en <+) a *%+8i$"'a i$ e'+r?

e(e('en &"'(9E% a% "(a(á$i? +$ ='(r8"'i(ia a%%a' a *&e(e%<+nn;e' jár(, "); ia'a='( a !"'$e&i%<=$ +r(e'<i$+)i !e'(en;+$%e(e9 E% a$%e''eia(a'" $%6'eie' e);6(( +n;(e'ene &"'?(a a% á''a<8ár( $%"')á'a(á!a á''ni +r&+n;e$6'+$6 +rde+!en9E%ee( a di8'"<á$"a( a%(án arra *(e'e%(+, "); ne U$a a'árende'( <=na(ár$aia(, de "''+)áia(, $( >n*eie( i$ >"?

';a<a("$an e'ár='já9 .6'*n*$en i>i%e(dne 'á($%"(( >e'e((e$ei !eár='á$a, a<e'';e' );aran e'+re((+ a%" e);&e$%(e(($+)+(, $Q); e';6re '+8e((e e'9 A !e$)á$ ier(e$(&+re a (i("(ar(á$9-a <ár?<ár &i'á)"$an 'á(a(:, "); ne<U$a 8ár((a)$á)a !Qr(a$%i)"r (i("(ar(á$ra, ane< &a'a+'e $%a!ad<P&e$ e$6 i$a<e'; +'e(e &+)+i) a'')a(á$ra *(e'e%(e9 Bár a Rá"$i?"r<án;%a( 'á($%:'a) !e(i'("((a a r+)i $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';" <P*d+$+(, de a 8ár( a'a8$%a!á';a a'i) 6'*n!*%*(( a((:'9 A (i("$$%"')á'a(" 6'*n e$6( &e((e ('6, a<e'; +88en -ed);e$i+(er <ini$%(ere'n* 8+'dája <=(a(ja <+) a "<<=ni%<=$ 'á(?$%:'a)"$ !=á$a =(án i$ &á'("%a('an=' +r&+n;!en &an97e'(ee(en a >"r)a(:*n;& e''en%++( j 8ár( <e)a'aQ(á$á?&a' +$ ne< a "a'QUi:$ id!en <P*d 8ár(" >e'+'e$%(+$+&e' (er?&e%(e <e)&a':$Q(ani9 "%$)a; ne< a% á'(a'a e&+$!+ i$<er( <=n?á$"$%(á';!:' 8r:!á'(a ("!"r"%ni <ajdani ri&á'i$ai(9 -e)<arad(



$ajá( $%a(er6'e(+n+'9 A% "(a(á$ +$ a ='(ra <=ná$ai( &e((e U+'? !a9 A'i)a &+'e('en6' BáU$?.i$=n <e);e á''( "%%á a 'e)*%e?'e!!9 ); er6'( e' a .eU$e<+( $%"<$%+d$á)á!an '+&Lai(e'ere9 E); >ia(a' (anár =d&ará!an á''Q("((á >e' a rend$%er?

&á'(á$ $"rán e'Qre$6'( $á(ra(, a"&a <inden Qr:( +$ <á$ "';an +r?(e'<i$+)iee( <e)Q&(a, aine i$e!!?na);"!! e''en%+i <e)?n;i'&án='á$ár:' <ár &"'( (=d"<á$=9 ); er6'( e); >ed+' a'áJ$=ra I$(&án, ."nrád G;*r); +$ J$":ri Sánd"r i$9 er$%e ne<22ián;%"(( a% -SZ- Fre>"r<$%árn;a r+$%+r' a $%6'an;a"%$)a; I<re $e<9 7i);e'e<re<+'(: a%"n!an, "); a <ajdaniFrend$%er&á'(: <ini$%(ere'n* An(a'' /:%$e> ián;%"((9 E% a na?

);"n e(er")+n );6'ee%e( &+)6'i$ '+(re"%"(( e); $%er&e%e(e(-a);ar De<"ra(a 7:r=< n+&en, a<e'; e"r <+) ian)$?';"%(a, "); ne< Q&án 8ár(+n( <P*dni9 S"a' iná!! e);$%+'e$ (*<e)e >:r=<a aar 'enni, a<e';ne ere(+!en aár a%=ra'"d: -SZ- <P*d+$+&e' a8U$"'a("$ ri(iáa( i$ n;Q'(an<e) 'ee( >")a'<a%ni9 L+(re"%á$a Q$+r(e(ie$en a$"n'Q("(( a%1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU"( <e)e'% e(>i?*r de'ará'( U+'jai&a'E% *n<a)á!an i$ !i%"n;Q(ja, "); a <ajdani rend$%er&á'(á$ <e)?

(er&e%i =);ana%", <in( ai a% 1?"$ >"rrada'"< i8r"&"á?'á$á( "r)ani%á'(á, de 'e)a'á!!i$ *%e'i r""n$á) >P%i e);!e e(,A"r <+) <e)'e8 &"'(, "); a r+$%(&e& *%6' $"an i?<arad(a, i''e(&e !e $e< '+8(e a% j $%er&e%e(!e9 Va':$%QnP('en,"); a r"$$% e<'+P e(>i?*r $"r$a (ar("((a &"'na (á&"' e(9Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( $%á<"$ r+$%(&e&( <e)(a'á'a((= a j:&a'+$!! <e)a'a=': S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)+!en, a<e';$"a' radiá'i$a!! "<<=ni$(ae''ene$ 8r")ra<<a' á!Q("((a<a)a <e''+ a 8ár(á''a< a(ár"%"((a!! e''en>e'ei(9 Va'a<i&e' "?rá!!an <e)e%d(e er(e'je$ a(i&i%á':dá$á( a 7ia(a' De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)e ne&P, );$%:'&án i%ár:'a) B=da8e$(en <P*d 'e)?>e'je!! *((=Ua(n;i >ia(a'!:' á'': $%er&e%e(9 7e'(Pn, "); e);i $e< 8ár(ere(e!en, ane< $"a' iná!! Ui&i' $%er&e%d+$+n(<P*d*((9 X7:r=<, $%*&e($+)YA S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)e <e)a'a='á$a (a'án a 'e)?



+rdee$e!!9 ne< "%$)a; !á!á$"dá$a r+&+n j*((e a &i'á)ra,ane< e); iderQ(e(e('en 8+n%>"rrá$ $e)Q($+)+&e' a'a='( j &a'?'á$i +8%d<+n;ne 'á($%: "r)ani%áUi:# a Hi( G;6'ee%e(e $%er?&e%+$+!en9 7"n("$a!! &e%e(i e);!en a Hi( G;6'ee%e(+ne i$

(a)ja, ne< e); e$e(!en &a'a<i';en $%in(P &e%e(je i$9 E% a% e);?á%i +8%d<+n;ne 'á($%: $%er&e%e( 6'*n*$ >i'"%:>ia <P&e'je9); (Pni, <in(a a ere$%(+n; +r(e'<i$+) erre aj': r+$%+( a %$i?na):)á =d&ará!a i);ee%ne á(&e%e(ni9 /+%=$ $%ájá&a' i<ád"%i,de -:%e$ +$ '+&i(a 8a8jai $%er(ar(á$ai&a' diU$+ri a% ra(9 'e$%?ne, de (a'án <ár >e'e$'e)e$ i$ j*&id!en >")a'<a%ni, a %$id:$á)&+)reaj(: $e)+dU$a8a(a, a"); e);e$ *r*!en e'+) (a'á':an ne?&e%i# Fa a$%n"$ j")"9 Z$id:á =);ani$ ne< 'ee(ne, i$%en

225a %$id: >")a'<a e'$$"r!an >aj( +$ U$a <á$"d$"r!an je'en( &a'?'á$(9 -indene$e(re $%"r)a'<a$an >i%e(i '+&i (Q%ed+( +$ Bar(=$Lá$%': $%erin( aran; +$%erei *n+n(e$ ad"<án;"%á$á!an i$ je'e$edne9 Ai%e( 8+n%+!' a% ad"<án;" !$+)e<e)(+r6'9 A Hi( G;6'ee%e(e =);ani$ rende'e%i "';an <e)>e?'e' a8U$"'a("a', a<e';ne $e)Q($+)+&e' <a)a$ >i%e(+$P á''a"n("$ $%ere8e%, );Pj(e(i a "8")(a(:U+d='áa( a $%a!adde?<"ra(a je'*'(e r+$%+re9 A (e'je$Q(<+n;i *&e(e'<+n; e'+) e?<+n; 'ee(, <er( &i$e'ed+$6 <e)'ee($en ("'a"d:, "); ne<"ndja< a)re$$%Q&9 .+( &á'a$%(á$ *%*(( >'e) a% j );6'ee%e(i(a)" !e$%er&e%+$e U+'já!:' <=(a("%na nee%en 'erá%a(:aá9-inden 8ár( <P*d+$e $"rán a'a8Q(:ja aara(á( i);e$%i +'e(re e'(eni, <e)&a':$Q(ani9 A $%a!adde<"ra(á (*re&+$ei e'+)na); n;i'&án"$$á) <e''e(( >"r<á':dna9 E!!' &i$$%a*&e(e%(e(?e(6n a Hi( G;6'ee%e(e &a':di 8r")ra<jára +$ U+'jaira, a<e';e a i(+'e((e' ne< <=(a(na $e<+'e r""n$á)"(9 Aár");an i$&an, a Hi( G;6'ee%e(e a%+r( na);"n >"n("$ +$ (an='$á)"$ $%"')á?'a("( i$ (e(( ne6n9 E));e' (*!! (a8a$%(a'a("( $%ere%e((6n, ");ann;i$%"r !eU$a8"(( <a);ar n+86n i$%+en;$+)e a(ár(a'an +$



!ár<i!e !e'erán)a(a(:, U$a a <e)>e'e' <:djá( e'' <e)(a'á'ni9Sajn"$ e!!en a n+8á<Q(á$!an a <a);ar $%e''eej(i i á'dá$"$na a'i)a <"nda(: (e&+en;$+)e(9A a(a'"<á(adá$ e'+$%Q(+$e e);re 'á(a(:!! "r<á( *'(*((9A 'ai(e'ei $á("r&er+$en >e'!á("r"d&a je'en(e%(e a% 149 =(áni"a'QUi:$ id na);"!! 8ár(jai i$, ); a 76))e('en .i$)a%da ár(,a .ere$%(+n;de<"ra(a N+88ár( +$ á( e);i &"'( -SZ- "'i)ar?Uia %á$%':!"n(á$á&a' a S%"Uiá'de<"ra(a ár( i$9 .+('; Anna$%e<+';+( a$%ná'&a 'e)>!! re'á<+n(, anna $iere$ $%"Uiá'?de<"ra(a 8á';a>=(á$a <e)i$<+('+$+ne re<+n;+!en e%((a' i$

ni e'n**( &á'a$%("((a e(ra$"&i($ Anna $%e<+';+!en9 A (er&a%"n!an *$$%e"<'"((, a% j e'n* <+) U$a a 8ar'a<en(!e $e<(=d(a !e&inni 8ár(já(9 A i$)a%dá +$ a ere$%(+n;de<"ra(á =);an e'erQ(e((e e);?e); "a'QUi:$ id!' <+) +'e(!en <arad(22@ 8"'i(i=$(, <+)8edi) na); (ein(+';P +$ i&á': $%e''ee'+?$%6'($+)P e<!eree(, de a 8ár(jai!a !e+8Q(e(( ri8(""<<=ni$(aF&e%e((ár$ai r*&id id a'a(( *&*n a'='i 6(+$6e' <ene6?

'+$re +n;$%erQ(en+ e(9 S%"<"ran e''e(( (a8a$%(a'ni=, a% j 8"'i(iai )arni(ra, ne< i$ "';an j9 -:d$%erei 8edi) ('(e$%ne ar+)ie+n i$9 A<in( <ajd a 2002?e$ 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" idej+n'á(ni >")j=, a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án "'; Qre$$+&á'( 76))e('en .i$)a%da8ár(, a<e'; a"r e);<a)a (*!! $%a&a?%a("( a8"((, <in( a% *$$%e$ (*!!i 8ár(, a% e%red>"rd=': =(án <ár e); $%á%a'+"( $e< +r( e'9 .+($+)(e'en, "); e!!en je'en($ $%ere? 8e( já($%"(( a 8ár( e'n*+ne 6'*n*$ $%e<+';e, <P*d+$+ne (e'je$ <+r(+!en a <ai na8i) $e< >e'(ár( e);e$ $';"$an i>")á?$"'a(: r+$%'e(ei, de a% e''ene %dQ("(( $aj(: +$ a <+diá <:d$%e?re$ 'ejára(: a<8án;a n+'6' e% a a(a$%(r">á'i$ &ere$+) na); &a?':$%QnP$+))e' ne< *&e(e%e(( &"'na !e9 A 8ara$%($á))a' >e'$%á?<"'(a((á $ajá( 8ár(já(9 N;=)"d(an <"nda(j= e% a% a((raUi: a 8"'i(ia(*r(+ne( ri(a =ri:%=<a9A i$)a%da8ár("n Q&6'i $%e<'+' );<"nd a 8"'i("':)=$"



$%á<ára "<"'; >ej(*r+$( ""% e 8ár(já( ri(Q(: +rd+$ <e)&á'a?$%"'á$a9 H");an (*r(+ne(e(( e% <e)W Hi$%en a 8ár( <inden a?(a'<á( <e)$%er% dr9 T"r);án /:%$e> <+) er$ r"$$%ind='a((a'$e< <"nda(: (ee($+)(e'en 8"'i(i=$na9 Ha(a'<á( <inden e$?

e($+)re >e'+$%Q(e((e9 Ne< ián;%"(( a 'e)>"n("$a!! e''+, a je'en($ $%á< %$id: (á<")a(: $e< -a)á(:' dr9 TQ<ár G;*r);('e);i a'e'n*+(' +$ 'e)>"n("$a!! (anáU$ad:já(:' (=dj=, "); a 8ár( '+(re"%"(( e); 6'*n %$id: (a)"%a("(, ai >e'(ee(en <in?den >aj(a 'á(a(: +$ 'á(a(a('an a(a'"<<a' &a': &ir(=á'i$ +$ &a':$a8U$"'a(á( <e)(ere<(e((+ +$ n;i'&án >"';a<a("$an <P*d(e((+9 Ne< 'á($%i a'a8(a'anna a >e'(+(e'e%+$, "); e% (á8'á'(a T"r);ándr9 ('%"(( <a)a!i%("$$á)á( i$9

J$"dá'"%=n e'' a%"n!an, "); e% a i&á': 6);&+d <i';en);en)+ne <=(a("%i >i%iá!:'9 edi) *%+8i$"'ai (an='<án;ai$"rán >e' e''e(( i$<erje, "); a% e'e(r"<"$ ára< ne<U$a (e(e?<e$ <=na e'&+)%+$+re +8e$, ane< e'' e'&i);á%a( ián;á? !an a);"n i$ 6(e(i a $%eU$a&á): e%e'j+(9 Nee%en ie(,"); ne a8"(( &"'na &a'a"nnan n;"<a(+"$ >i);e'<e%(e(+$( 8"?'i(iai <e)(ar(á$ána &a'a<i';en &á'("%(a(á$ára9 T"r);án dr9a%"n!an <aaU$ e<!erne !i%"n;='(9 ); (Pni <e)$%e)(e &a'a?

22<i';en e$6j+(9 ); )"nd"'(a <e)(ee(i9 ); +re%(e i<"%dQ(a?(a('an=' 6' a n;ere)!en9 .e$erP U$a':dá$á( ne< er6'e((e e'9 A*%&+'e<+n;!e <:d$%ere$en (á8'á'(á j"!!r:' i$ !a'r:' i$T"r);án dr9 á''Q(:'a)"$ 6);n*i <'(já(, <+) >edne&+( i$ n;i'&á?n"$$á)ra "%(á9 A% 1@?a$ &á'a$%(á$""n &a': ind='á$a"r );(Pn(, <in(a >e'ej(eni 'á($%"((a &"'na e%( a e''e<e('en e8i%:d"(9A% -SZ &e%e( 8"'i(i=$ai, ai 8edi) n;i'&án <indenin+' <+) An(a'' /:%$e>n+' i$ j"!!an i$<er(+ a &a':$á)"(, $ej(e'<e?$en <"$"';")(a, a<i"r a ri8"r(ere err' +rde%$*d(e9E%e =(án a <e)'e8e(+$ erej+&e' a("((, a<i"r 20029 n;arána% -SZ +$ a% SZDSZ e%de<+n;e%+$+re á(&i'á)Q("((á a% 109:(a !ár<e'; 8ar'a<en(i Ui'=$!an <ini$%(eri, &a); á''a<(i(ári>=nUi:ra >e'e$6d*(( "r<án;(a)"(, a<e';e *%*(( $%á<"$"';an &"'( 6);n* ne&+( i$ n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%(á, air' "rá!?



!an i';en &"na("%á$!an $"a$e< &"'( $%:9 T"r);án /:%$e> ne&e+rdee$ <:d"n i<arad( e!!' a% *$$%eá''Q(á$!:', anna e''en+re,"); "';an" i$ >e'er6'(e a 'i$(a e'$ &á'("%a(ára, aine !e?$%er&e%+$+&e' U$=8án <e)8r:!á'"%(a, de a% ne< jár( ered<+n;?

n;e'9 -a)=r:' a !e$%er&e%r', ai 8edi) &a':!an !Pn*$ne <"nda(: <indeddi) e);e('en $%: $e< e$e((9A r+)i +$ j 8ár(" '+(rej*((+&e' a% -SZ- i$ i);ee%e((<e)j='á$ár:' a j*&!eni &á'a$%(:a( <e));%ni9 A ádári 8ár('e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$e ); )"nd"'(a e); j n+& a'a(( 'ee( <+) e$+?';e a j*& 8"'i(iai +'e(+!en9 Ee% a% i$ $%6$+)e$ &"'(, "); ar+)i 8ár(!:' i$ <aradj"n &a'a<i, 6'*n!en a U+)(á!'a á(>e$(+$e na?);"n i$ á('á($%: <P&e'e((+ &á'i9

A% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU idej+n >"):n( -SZ- X-a);ar S%"Uia'i$(a -=ná$ ár(Y a rá je''e<% <:d"n ); >")a'<a%"((,"); a 8ár( Fre>"r<$%árn;a i&á'( a% "r("d" <ari$(a U$"8"r(? !:'9 -"ndani i$ >e'e$'e)e$ e%((a' U$ane< <indeni i);ee%e(( are>"r<U$a8a( "'da'ára á''ni9 A <e)<arad: -SZ-?e% a (a)$á)n+án; $%á%a'+a U$a('a"%"((9 G;anQ(ani 'ee(, "); a 8ár(e'i("&a(ar("%á$á( ne< i$ $ajá( <a)a d*n(*((e e', ane< a rj=U$"&i?>"r)a(:*n;& e'e&e ije'*'(e9 -indene$e(re a re>"r<8ár(ia F<a?

)="% &e((+ a ajdan e);$+)e$ -SZ- U$ane< (e'je$ &a);"?ná(9 L+($%á<arán;"$ e'"$%(á$ 'e)a'á!! i$ T6r<er G;='a, a% "r?("d" -SZ- e'n*e $%erin( ne< (*r(+n(9 Va'a<i&e' +$!! a%-SZ- <arad&án;a i$ ne&e( &á'("%(a("((92307e'&e((e a an)%a("$ -=ná$8ár( ne&e(, e&+$ <=ná$ +$ $" n;=)dQja$ (a)$á) <e''e((9 N+án; $%: erej+i) (+rj6n &i$$%a a"% a n+án; (=Ua( >ia?(a'"%, ai <e)a'aQ("((á a 7IDESZ?(9 X7ia(a' De<"ra(á S%*?&e($+)+(Y Ne<U$a a n+& a$"n':$á)a, ane< a% i>ja 8"'i(ia<e)n;i'&án='á$a, re("riája i$ e'$ 8erU(' a%( a !en;"<á$( e'?(e((e, <in( a S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)e XSZDSZY i>j$á)iU$"8"r(ja 'enne9 E%( a% );ne&e%e(( Fe'$ $%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(( 8ar'a<en(i (e&+en;$+)e (*!!$%*r i$ <e)er$Q(eni 'á($%"((9A 7IDESZ?$%e' a8U$"'a(!an $%á<"$ "';an je'en$+)ne 'e?





A ere a$%(a'(ár);a'á$" !ár i$$+ e'%:d(a $"rán a%-SZ de'e)á(=$" <ár $%in(e );an$an en)ed+en;e &"'(a a<a)= $%er&e%(e e''en%+e' $%e<!en9 Anná' iná!! U$"dá'a(:,"); a% );ne&e%e(( +(ar<ad"$ (*r&+n;e <e)a(ár"%á$á!an

a% Fe''en%+ "';an e);6);Pne 'á($%: <:d"n >")a'<a%(a <e)*&e(e'+$+(, <in(a a <ajdani F$%a!ad &á'a$%(á$"a( *&e(en i$ !i%("$an a% -SZ <aradna a(a'<"n9 Enne 'e(( a *&e(e%<+?n;e, "); a% -D7\.DN\.i$)a%da "a'QUi: a(a'"<ra er6?'+$e =(án +n;(e'en &"'( 8a(=<"( *(ni a 'e)er$e!! e''en%+i 8ár((a' a% SZDSZ?e', a% "r$%á) "r<án;"%a(:$á)a +rde+!en9A 8a(=< ered<+n;e+n( n+<i'e) U$*en(e =);an a +(?ar<ad"$ (*r&+n;e, de "rán($e< a $%6$+)e$ <+r(+!en9 A $"?

&án; a'= e''en(+(e'e+n( a% -D7 *%(ár$a$á)i e'n*+ je'*'(e a%SZDSZ?e$ G*nU% Ár8ád"(9A ne<%e(i ere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$" !e>eje%+$e e);+!+n( $e<n+'6'*%e(i <"$"';=na(9 A% SZDSZ +$ a 7IDESZ <e)(a)ad(a a<e)á''a8"dá$ a'áQrá$á(, <+)8edi) a%%a' a% ind"a', "); a% ('?$á)"$an Fr:%$a$%QnP, &a);i$ a% -D7 +$ (ár$ai (' $" en)ed?<+n;( (e((e a "<<=ni$(ána9 A 8ár(á''a<i a(a'"< ne< er6'("';an <+r(+!en 'e!"n(á$ra, <in( a"); arra $%6$+) 'e(( &"'na

e); j de<"ra(i=$ á''a<<á &a': á(a'a='á$ +rde+!en9 A% +r?&e'+$!en e);+!+n( ne< &"'( $e<")á$( &á'a$%("((a9 A%"r$%á) an)='a(a a );"r$an r"<': )a%da$á)i e';%e(!en, a<e';e);re er$e!! a(á$( );a"r"'( a 'a"$$á) +'e($%Qn&"na'ára9 Lá(?&án;"$an &á'("(( "<<=ni$(a?e''ene$$+)re, a<e'; a 8ár("nQ&6'i(*<e)e (=da(á!an 'á(en$ <:d"n <indi) i$ '+(e%e((9A% e''en%+i, <ajd ne<%e(i ere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$án a% -SZen)ed+en; &i$e'ed+$e +r(e(, i$%en n;=)"d(an á''Q(a(j= *n<a)á&a' (ár);a'(9 A% á'(a'a +'e(re Q&"(( Fe''en%+i 8ár(" 'e)?>e'$!! &e%e($+)+ne (*!!$+)e a $%"&je( >"r)a(:*n;& $%erin(232&"'( -SZ- (a)"!:' Fá(&á'("%"(( e<!ere!' á''(, ai <+) j<in$+)6!en i$ <e)(ar("((á 'á(en$ $%"Uia'i$(a 8ár(>e);e'<6e(9



A 8ár(á''a< !e'$ er:%i:ja (er&$%erPen e);re 'á(a(:!!á &á?'i9 -e)e%dd*(( 'a$$, de 'á(&án;"$an );"r$=': a):niája9 E%(?(a' i$ an)$';"%ni e'' a 8ár( e'er('ened+$+( ne< a a%ai Fe''en?%+ <a$$%Q& ("'a"dá$a &á'("((a i, ane< a $%"&je( &e%e(+$ (i(?

"$ =(a$Q(á$a9 A% -SZ- -ajd a% -SZ %a&ara U$a j:' <e)?rende%e(( e$e<+n;$"r"%a( &"'(9 Bi%"n;Q(ja e%( a% a (+n;, ");Gr:$% .ár"';( *&e( N+<e( -i':$ e %a&ar *%e8e((e <e)e%dia (*!! <in( n+); +&(i%ed &+re$ &erej(++&e' '+(re"%"(( á''a<i &a?);"n $8"n(án (*r&+n;e$ $%a!á';"%á$ n+'6'i 8ri&a(i%áUi:já(9A% +r(+e$e!! +$ <+) a$%n"( aj(: 6%e<ee( "'U$: 8r+da+n(:(;a&e(;+'(e e' 'e)(*!!$%*r a a8i(a'i$(a e(ia $%erin( i$ 'e)<e)? !Q%a(a('ana!! n;=)a(i $%erenU$e'"&a)"na +$ a ("&á!!i i(e'ee(

e);re iná!! <e)(a)ad: ad ne ne&e%%e< <e) "&a(ar("%á$= $%erin( i$ a8i(a'i$(a !anár"na, !an"na9 G"ndja &"'(a%"n!an arra i$, "); a a%ai 8ár(n"<en'a(=ra i$ "';an <+r(+? !en r+$%e$6'j*n a!!:', "); a <e)(er&e%e(( 8"'i(iai a(a'"< á(?adá$a =(án a%( <ajdan )a%da$á)i a(a'<a r+&+&+n &i$$%a$%ere%?e$$e9 A<enn;i!en a% "r$%á) "ra!e'i &e%e(i ne< !ea&a("(( Uin?"$ai a% e)+$% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a !erende%+$ $%aná'á$á( e'rende''á(a(:, $"a' iná!! 'á(a(a('an a(a'<ána, &aj"n 'e(( &"'na

!á("r$á)= i';en >e'e'('en6' e'erdá'ni a% "'; $"a( e<'e)e(e((n+8 &a);"ná(W A +rd+$re <+) &á'a$%"'ni $e< e''M(:'a) a%( e'' <"ndan=n, "); a% e'&(ár$a n+<e';ie"';an $%"')a'e'Pne !i%"n;='(, "); <+) F*%re<P*d+$6e'' <e)>i%e((e(+$+re i$ +8(e'enene !i%"n;='(a9 N+<e( -i':$ <ini$%(ere'n* 8+'dá=' <e)e'+)ede(( e);'"nd"ni $%+e';P e=r:8aina ne&e%e(( !an (Q%+&n;i e'n*e?';e((e$i ine&e%+$+&e', a"' á''Q(:'a) "';an >"n("$ >e'ada("a' !Q%(á <e), <in( 8+'dá=' a% e!+dje);e i"$%(á$a9 FS%"')á'a(ai?+r(, a (ár);i'a)"$a aar=n 'enni, e' e'' i$<erj6 F(*!!e( +r?de<e'( &"'na a $%: <inden +r(e'<+!en9-ire a% irán;Q("(( e$e<+n; $"r"%a( e'+re%i a% 109 +&i Fe'?$ $%a!ad &á'a$%(á$""%, 8ár((a)$á) +$ a !e ne< a&a("(( a'$:!! 8ár(&e%e( <a)= i$ (*!! <e)a$"n'á$"n e$(e á(9 Bár a% );?ne&e%e(( <ari$(a e);e(e<e <+) a 'e)!"n;"'='(a!! +rd+$e



<e)&á'a$%"'á$ára i$ i+8e%(e e(, !i%"n; %a&ar!a j*((e, a ne?233i $%e)e%(+ a%( a +rd+$(, "); +'e $%"Uia'i%<=$ a%, a"' a%1?!an 6'>*'di >e);&ere $e)Q($+)+&e' <e)&+de(( $%"Uia'i$(a

&Q&<án;"a( <"$( <ajd"); ne< in);en adj= e' a "rá!!ane(edQ%i)'en e'á("%"(( a8i(a'i$(ánaWI';en %a&ar!a ej( +rd+$e "rá!!an i$ !"r%"'(á a 8ár("'i?)arUiá ide)ei(9 .6'*n*$en a% 1@?a$ j )a%da$á)i <eUani%?<=$ !e&e%e(+$+( *&e(en, a<e'';e' <e)e%dd*(( a% "r$%á) a?<a(jár"<!a >")á$a, 'a$$ e'%á'")"$Q(á$a9 ."<"'; +$ )"nd"'"dni(=d: *%)a%dá$%( =);ani$ iá!a 8r:!á'(a <e));%ni arr:', ");a 6'>*'di i(e'e!' &á$ár"'( n;=)a(i (er<e')+8e (er<+ei&e'

i''e(&e a% a!!:' $%ár<a%: e8"r(!e&+(e'e!' &i$$%a (=dj= >i%e(nie%ee( a *'U$*n*e(9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( $eni e'(( $e< &"'((i(" a a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)" &á'$á)a, a<e';e( e'$$"r!an a >"?);a$%(: $%6$+)'e(+( <e)a'ad: ('(er<e'+$ ind=á'(9 H");an'ee( "da e'adni, a"' "(("n i$ (er<+>e'e$'e) &anW N;i'&án $e?");an $e<9 E% a 'ee($+) U$a a a8i(a'i$(a i(e'e >e'&+(e'+!en+rdee'((+ (e(( 'e)>e'$!! 8ár( +$ )a%da$á)i &e%e( +r&e'+$ei!ena8"(( e';e(9 Na);"n "<"'; $%e<+';e$ "Uá%a("( &á''a'(a

a%", ai "';an +rd+$ >e'(e&+$+&e' i$ <e)8r:!á'"%(a# -i+r(ne< >")ad(= e' anna idej+n a -ar$a''?$e)+';(, i$%en a á!"r$j("((a &i'á) "ra!e'i "nj=n(rája &a':!an 'ee(&+ (e((e &"'naa $e)+';e );"r$ rea'i%á'á$á( +$ &i$$%a>i%e(+$+(W Rá"$i +$ ne<?%e(ide)en (ár$aina &á'a$%a <+) <"$( i$ a >6'6n!en U$en)# Ne<e'' a a8i(a'i$(a 8+n%M Ne< adj= e' >6))e('en$+)6ne( a% i<8e?ria'i$(ánaM E% a !"'$e&i$(a $%'")en +($+)(e'en6' (ar(a'<a% n+<ii)a%$á)"(9 H");an >e'ej(e((+ e' Rá"$i *&e(i +( +&(i%ed<='(án i';en *nn;P$%erre'WA i'enU&ene$ +&e e);re nee%6' )a%da$á)i e';%e(+!en<er6' <ajd >e' i$<+( e); Fj -ar$a'' $e)+'; irán(i $:aj a% j 8"'i(iai Fe'i( e);e$ (a)jai!an9 A'i)a &i(a(a(: ne< a *%)a%da?$á)"% a 'e)e'e<i!! <+r(+!en i$ +r(r' &an $%:, i$%en )a%da?$á)i &á'$á) idej+n a% ja!! na); $%$%e)P i(e'e i$ e'dei $"r$á?ra j=(nána9 Arra <indene$e(re na);"n i$ <e)>e'e'(e &"'na, ");



e); $%P U$"8"r( $ajá( $&ájUi !an$%á<'ái( je'en($ <+r(+!en<e)n*&e'je9Hi(e'+(&á);=ra je''e<%, "); 154?!en <+) 2 <i''iárdd"''ár ad:$$á) 15@?ra <ár 11,@ <i''iárdra, 1@?re eddi) (*!!

<in( 20 <i''iárdra n*&eede((9 -ár a 8ár( á'(a' ine&e'( *%)a%?234dá$%" i$ e);re $*(+(e!!en 'á((á a &a':$á)"(9 -ár a n;"'U&ana$+&e e'ej+n n;i'&án"$an i$ an)"%(a(já, "); a 8ár(na +$ a% á'?'a<na i e''ene &"n='nia a )a%da$á)irán;Q(á$!:', "); a 8iaU$%a!á';ai $%a!ad"n +r&+n;e$6'e$$ene9 3 A 8ár( 'e)>e'$!! &e?%e(+$e a%"n!an, "); >in"<an >")a'<a%%=n, r"$$%a''á$$a' e?%e'(e e%ee( a )a%da$á) <P*d+$+ne ja&Q(á$ára (e(( ja&a$'a("a(9

E!!en n;i'&án&a':an !enne &an a S%"&je(=ni: a"r <+) <e)a'?=&á$( ne< (Pr <aaU$$á)a i$, de ne< ián;%"(( a <a);ar"r$%á?)i 8ár("'i)arUiá a(a'"<>+'(+$e $e<9DiU$+re(6re 'e);en <"nd&a, e%e a >ia(a', de $%+'e$ 'á(:*r?re' !Qr: *%)a%dá$%", aine na); r+$%e <ár n;=)a(i e);e(e?<een i$ (an='( +$ e'' (a8a$%(a'a("a( $%er%e(( a >ej'e(( a8i(a?'i$(a *%)a%da$á) <P*d+$+r' i$, ne< a);(á <a)=a( a <ar?i$(a %$ar)"n"a' <e));%ni9 Ha&a$i 7erenU a 8ár( 8"'i(iai !i?

%"(($á)ána a )a%da$á)irán;Q(á$+r( >e'e'$ (a)ja a% 1@39 n"&e<? !er 13?án <e)(ar("(( -TESZ 6%e<i +$ in(+%<+n;i $%er&e%e(eine e'$ "r$%á)"$ (anáU$"%á$án &+dee%+$re +n;$%er6'(9E);i +r&e'+$+( +rde<e$ $%: $%erin( i$ &i$$%aid+%ni, anná' i$iná!!, <er( a(=a'i(á$a <a 2004?!en $e< &e$%Q(e(( +r(++!'9<e#F-+) "$$% idn ere$%(6' a% 'e$% a 'e)>"n("$a!! >e'?ada(, "); a% e'<'( +&(i%ed!en >e'a'<"%:d"(( ad:$$á)á''"<án;( >""%a("$an >e'$%á<"'j=9 4 Ne"); <e)'e8e(+$ +rje e( 10 "(:!er 31?+n a 8ár(á''a<a):niájá!an '+(re"%"(( A'"(<án; BQr:$á))a' e'(*r*'(e(i a a?'á'!6n(e(+$(9 Enne *$%*ne(en a'( <e) á);!an +$ 8árná *?%*(( +(er Gá!"r a% ÁVH re((e)e(( &e%e(je +$ -ar"$án G;*r); i$,ai a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU=n &+r!e>"j(á$á( *&e( $%(ráj" n;"<án F'e)e'ni 6'd(e a <a);ar d"')"%:a(9



S( e'j=("((=n "da, "); e ár" ""%:i $ajá( <a)=a( i$ á'?d"%a("na (6n(e(i >e'9 edi) e%+r( a'i)a 'ee( -"$%&a >e'+<=(")a(ni, i$%en <inden 'ee($+)e$ <:d"n e''ene%(e a 6'>*'dii(e'e >e'&+(e'+ne <e)e%d+$+(9 O';ann;ira, "); a <a);ar"r?

$%á)i ne<%e(ide)en "r<án;%á$ (i("!an a $%a!ad<P&e$ 'á(?3 Ha&a$i 7erenU# Ga%da$á)8"'i(ia\)a%da$á)irán;Q(á$ 139 "'d94 );an"((# 219 "'d923a(a('an a(a'"< $e)Q($+)+( i$ +r(e -"$%&a <e));%+$+e%9 S(a >e'&e(( i(e'e 2^?á&a' i$ "rr=<8á'(a a &"na"d: 'e)>e'$$%"&je( &e%e(+$(9 Vaj"n 'ee(?e &i(a(ni a $%+'$$+)e$ne <"nd"(( 8"'i(i=$" i)a%á(, ai *&e(e'i, "); $%e<+'; $%erin( i$ >e'e'$?

$+)re e'' &"nni +$ <inden i'; <:d"n <e)$%er%e(( &a);"ná( e'e'' "!"%ni, a%"na, ai a% "r$%á) <ai á''a8"(á+r( >e'e'$eWA <á$"di &i'á)á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án -"$%&a a%ai &a?%a''=$ai !e(i'("((a <inden á!"r e'((i ne<%e(i $%er&e%e(e( +$ 8ár("(, &e%e(i( $( (a)jai( i$ "$$% idn á( 6'd*%(+9 -"$( 8edi)e'+)edj6n <e) a U+)(á!'a (*!!$%*ri á(>e$(+$+&e'W Ve%e(i ,0?a$ $*r re<+n;+!en &a); +88en 19000 7(?"$ $ajá( ja&ai!:' &a':&i$$%aadá$á+r( &a': j!:'i a(a'"<ra e<e'+$+&e'W

Va':di rend$%er&á'(á$ e$e(+n a% á''a<8ár( (a)jai $e<+'e=(:d8ár(na !ár<i';en n+&en ne&e%%e i$ <a)á( ne< 'ee(n+?ne 'a8jai9 A je'en'e)i á''a8"(ra ne< $%"')á'a( <a);ará%a(=' a%ide)en +rdeP $aj(: +$ <+dia %$"n)'r* <=(a(&án;ai(:' e'á!Q("(('a"$$á) (*!!$+)+ne F$%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(( aara(a9 .*%á''a8"?(ainra $"a' iná!! je''e<% a ne<%e((=da( na);<+r(+P e'?&e$%(+$e, er*'U$i 'e%6''+$e, a (ár$ada'"< $%ána'<a$ á''a8"(a9Ai <inde%( a(a'<=n 'e)i(i<áUi:jána (ein(i, $';"$ (+?&ed+$6e' a <a);ar ne<%e( á''ae'$%á<"'á$án >árad"%na9Ha&a$i 7erenU <ár 1@3 $%+n >e'id+%i a% "r$%á) >i%e(+? 8e$$+)e an;a('á$ána r+<+8+(, a<e';ne e$e('e)e$ e''ee(e('e?n6'+$e <ia(( <e)!"<'ana a% "r$%á) !e'8"'i(iai $(a!i'i(á$a9 Arrain(i a'')a(:$á)á(, "); e )"nd"a( ); e'' <e)"'dani, ");ri%%6 +$ er$Q($6 a <indenn+' +r(+e$e!! 8"'i(iai (+(, i?



e);en$';"%"(( !e'$ &i$%"n;aina(9 Ha&a$i 7erenU >+'e'<ei1@@?@?!en &a':ra &á'(a9A% e''en%+i ere a$%(a' ne<%e(i ere a$%(a''á a&an%$á'á$á?&a' a r+$%(&e& &+)6' i$ <e)(ere<(e((+ a (*!!8ár(i r+$%&+(e''e'

'e!"n;"'Q(and: Fe'$ $%a!ad &á'a$%(á$ &a'a<i';en 'ee($+)+(9E're e'' !"U$á(an=n e% a &á'a$%(á$ a $%"&je( <e)$%á'': U$a8a?(" je'en'+(+!en (*r(+n( 109 <árUi=$ 2?+n, i''e(&e a <á$"di >"rd=': á8ri'i$ @?án, 12 8ár( indQ(á$á&a'9 A 8ar'a<en(!e j=(á$"%4^ e'+r+$e &"'( $%6$+)e$9 E%( 8ár( (e'je$Q(e((e923FSZABAD VÁLASZTÁSO. A SZOV/ET-EGSZÁLLC. ÁRNÉ.ÁBAN

A ne<%e(*%i j") +r(e'<e%+$e $%erin( e); "r$%á) ide)en U$a? 8a(" <e)$%á''á$a e$e(+n ne< (ein(e( $%=&er+n á''a<na9 -P?*d+$+!en e'á'' a% in(erre)n=<, a<i"r a% "r$%á)na ninU$ =ra'?"d:ja X&e%e(jeY &e%e( $%er&e9 Ai a d*n(+$ee( "%%á ne<(ein(e( $%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(( 'e)i(i< (e$(6'e(ne9 E!!' iin?d='&a <ár <a)= a ere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$" $e< (ein(e( 'e)i?(i<ene9 H"nnan a8(á >e'a(a'<a%á$=a(W .i &á'a$%("((á <e) e(W

-a)a a S%"&je(=ni: á'(a' ine&e%e(( e';(ar(:(anáU$, &a);i$a% -SZ-9Enn+'>")&a a% á'(a'= *(*(( <e)á''a8"dá$"a( $e<<i$ne e'' (ein(en6n a $%"&je( e''enr%+$ <e''e(( <e)(ar("(( 8ar'a<en(i&á'a$%(á$"a' e);6((9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a% e)+$% rend$%er?&á'(á$i (ran%aUi: a S%"&je(=ni: á'(a' +$%Q(e(( >"r)a(:*n;&a'a8ján !"n;"':d"((9 E% 8edi) i%árja a &a':di <a);ar +rdee +r&+n;e$6'+$+(9 J$a $ajná'ni 'ee(, "); $eni $e< aad( ai?ne n;i'&án"$$á) e'(( i$ 'ee($+)e 'e(( &"'na rá ai erre ne<?U$a a ne<%e(, ane< a &i'á) *%&+'e<+n;+( i$ >i);e'<e%(e((e&"'na9 -+) a j")+r%+en;$+)+r' "'; Qre$ E);e$6'( Á''a<" i$<+';en a'')a("((9 Ne< 'á($%i &a':$%QnP('enne a% a $%+'e$ *r? !en e'(erjed( >e'(+(e'e%+$, "); a rend$%er&á'(á$ >"r)a(:*n;&+(ne< i$ a% "r"$%", ane< a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"a( i$ >e'6);e'$%a!ad<P&e$ 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< $%ere$%(e((e9 A $%"&je( .GB



.rj=U$"& (ján U$=8án *%&e(Q(e((e a "ra!e'i <a);ar "r<án;e'n*+ne9 A S%"&je(=ni: <a)a i$ e 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< (er&ei$%erin( ad(a >e' $ajá( a(a'<á( -a <ár 13 +& (á&'a(á!:' enne &a?':$%QnP$+)e e);re a(ár"%"((a!! >"r<á( *'(9 -inda%" ai &+)?

reaj(á$á!an r+$%( &e((e, =);anU$a !i%"n;Q(+ai e 6'*n*$ 8"'i?(iai &á'(á$na9 E'+8e$%( &"'(, "); a 8"'i(iai >"r):$%+' e);i na8r:' a <á$ira ie( ':dQ("(( a n;a=n!a, <+)8edi) );, ");á''Q(:'a) e'$!! irán;Q(: *%8"n( An(a'' /:%$e> $%e<+';+!en j &e?

%e((, a <ajdani rend$%er&á'(: <ini$%(ere'n**( ej(ern;%(e a% j 8ár( +'+re9 A% j j*&e&+n;( a% -D7 a'a8Q(:i *%6' ne< $"an i$?<er(+9 A% a'a=': $á("r!an $e< (a'á'"%a((a &e'e, <i&e' ne<i$ &"'( "((9 A% -D7 &e%e(+$+!en !e*&e(e%e(( &á'("%á$( <indene%%e' >")'a'"%: 8=!'iáUi:!an a%%a' ind""'já, "); BQr: Z"'?(án ne< aar(a ("&á!! &á''a'ni9 -+) "%$)a; I<re i$ e%( <"ndja9Ha ); &"'(, a"r anna "<"'; "a e''e(( 'e);en, a<e';r' 8e?di) $e<+'e +r(e$6'+$6n $inU$9 E% anná' i$ &a':$%QnP!!, <er(

+( +& <'&a a "%$)a; I<re á'(a' <e)a'aQ("(( Ne<%e(i De<"?ra(a S%*&e($+)!en (ár$e'n*i 8"%QUi:( &á''a'(9 edi) a% NDSZna);$á)rendee' r"$$%a!! i'á(á$"a' indQ("((a <P*d+$+(,<in( anna idej+n a% -D79A 'a"$$á) á'(a' 'á(a(a('an, de a &a%a''=$ "r<án;%a("( e?<+n;en +%!en(ar(: $%"&je( (anáU$ad: +$ a a(a'<=a( !i%("$Q(:$%"&je( ader e''enr%+$e <e''e(( <e)(ar("(( 109 +&i &á'a$%(á?$"r:' a% a'á!!i a "r<án;%á$( !e>"';á$"': ered<+n;ee( "%(á n;i'&án"$$á)ra# );%*(( a -a);ar De<"ra(a 7:r=< 42,5^?a', a<á$"di 'e)na);"!! 8ár( a rej(+';e$ S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e(?$+)e 'e(( 23,^?a'9 A >enn<arad: 33,5^?"n a 76))e('en .i$?)a%da ár(, a .ere$%(+n; De<"ra(a ár(, a 7IDESZ +$ a -SZ"$%("%"((9 7i);e'e<re<+'(:, "); a% -D7 +$ a% SZDSZ ered<+?n;e n+án; (i%ed$%á%a'+"$ aár (eUniai i!aa(árna i$ ne?&e%e(n+n 6'*n!$+))e' e);6((e$en a +(ar<ad"$ 8ar'a<en(i



(*!!$+)e( adja i9 A<in( +$!! ider6'(, a rend$%er&á'(á$( e'ren?de' &e%+rarna 8"n("$an a% &"'( a U+'ja, "); e +( 8ár( '+8jen"a'QUi:ra e);<á$$a' a% "r$%á) ("&á!!i "r<án;%á$ára9 T*!!>+'e<a);ará%a( i$ $%6'e(e(( arra, "); An(a'' /:%$e> e% e'' <i+r( i$

(+r( i9 A &a':$á)"$ ""a( a%"n!an <a $e< i$<erj6, U$=8án *?&e(e%(e(+$einre &a);=n =(a'&a +$ (a'á')a(j=9-indene$e(re a 'á(a(a('an %$"n)'r* a% -D7?e( $%e<e'(+ i a% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a a(a'"< >e'&á'(á$ára +$ 'e!"n(á$ára9 Erre<=(a( a Q);: 6);e$$+)+&e' <an&ere% &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;a9Le'i $%e<ein <+) 'á(ni &+'i a%"a( a% -D7?e$ indQ(: 8'aá("?a(, a<e';een &*r*$ %á$%':, Lenin <P&ei +$ e);+! !"'$e&i$(a je'+8e a $%e<+();Pj( =á!an e&erne FTa&a$%i na);(aarQ?

(á$ >e'ira((a' ie)+$%Q(&e9 A (*!! <in( n+); +&(i%ede$ !"'$e&i$(are("riá(:' <e)U$*<*r'*(( 'a"$$á) *r+!en !i%"n; je'en($23@$%i<8á(iá( e'(e(( e% a !i%(a(: Q)+re(9 A iraa( <*)+ i$ 'á(ni +8e$U$ende$ $%e<'+' >i);e'<+( a%"n!an ne< er6'(e e' a% a (+n;,"); a% -D7 &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;á( e); erre $%a"$"d"(( >ranUiare'á<U+) (er&e%(e +$ irán;Q("((a9.6'*n*$en );an$$á &á'( a a<8án; <á$"di r+$%+!en e''+?

8e(( Fn;=)"d( er e);re er(e'je$e!! an)$';"%á$a9 .e&e$en)"nd"'"d(a e' a%"n, "); e); i';en <+';rea(: 8"'i(iai na);?(aarQ(á$( ");an i$ 'ee( n;=)"d( er&e' e'&+)e%ni9 N;i'&án $e?");an $e<9 A");an +$!! ider6'( a &a':$á)!an ne<, ");na);(aarQ(á$ra, de <+) 8"r(*r'+$re $e< &"'( <e) a $%ánd+9 Ne<U$"da, a e' i$ <arad(9A "r<án;?a'aQ(á$i (ár);a'á$" a'a(( An(a'' /:%$e>re a"?);an e);e$ e'$%:'á$"!:' +r(e$6'e((6n a %$id: !an&i'á) "?<"'; n;"<á$( );a"r"'( a% SZDSZ?e' &a': "a'QUi: <e)*(+$e+rde+!en9 J$":ri Sánd"r $%erin( e);i a'a'"<<a' An(a''a'"(($á8ad(an >")ad(a *( 8ana$%"'&a, "); <e)>en;e)e((+9 .*?%*'(+ &e'e, a ne< *( "a'QUi:$ $%er%d+$( a% SZDSZ?e', i?&"njá &a'=(a !e(+(jeie( a <a);ar !an"!:', <iá'(a' a <a);ar )a%da$á) <P*d+$+8(e'enn+ &á'i9.*r*$i I<re $%erin( e!!' a J$":ri?'e)endá!:' e);e('en $%:



$e< i)a%9 A <ini$%(ere'n* $%e<+';e$ !e$%+')e(+$6 $"rán (a?)ad(a, "); i';en 8r:!á'"%á$ e);á'(a'án $%:!a er6'( &"'na9-ai i$<ere(ein $%erin( ne< i$ 'á(j= "á( a% SZDSZ?e$ "a?'QUi:(:' &a': <indenár"n &a': (ar(:%"dá$ána9 A% SZDSZ e''en?

%+!en =);ani$ $"a' j"!!an +r&+n;e$Q(eni (=d(a aara(á( a%10?49 *%*((i "r<án;%á$ +$ (*r&+n;"%á$ $"rán, <in(a a"r<án; "a'QUi: (a)ja 'e(( &"'na9 -e));%d+$$e' á''Q(a(j=,"); a &a':di rend$%er&á'(á$ e'$%a!"(á'á$á!an, a ne<%e(i ja&a ide)en +%re j=((a(á$á!an, a ne<%e( i>"$%(á$á!an "r<án;%: 8ár(+n( $e< *n;&e'e(e(( &"'na e' na);"!! ered<+n;(, <in(An(a'' /:%$e> <ini$%(ere'n*i <P*d+$e <e''e((9 An(a'' /:%$e> <P*d+$e e);+r(e'<P&+ (e$%i $%a!ad<P&e$ !ea&a("(($á)á(,

a<e';ne >e);e'<+( <in(a$%erPen <e)(ar("((a9 A rend$%er&á'(á$a'a8jai( ); ra(a 'e, "); a%"n =(:dai <+) a"r $e< (=d(a &"'?na je'en($ <+r(+!en &á'("%(a(ni, a aar(a &"'na9 Bár erre <=?(a(: aara("( ere$&e $e< (a'á'=n9Ha U$a An(a'' /:%$e> (e&+en;$+)+ne >"n("$a!! e8i%:djai(&i%$)á'j=, a%" e);en+n( i$ i<erQ(eni 'á($%ana a a%aár='á$23>")a'<á(9 E'$+n( a &a':di rend$%er&á'(á$ <e$(eri <:d"n &a': e'?

$%a!"(á'á$á( e'' $%e<+re &e(n6n, i$% a% "r$%á) <ai 'á%a$ á''a? 8"(a, a $%a!ad *'U$*n&enne<, a% -SZ 7IDESZ?re $%:r( á(?ai!:', a% "r$%á) Fe((+$%aQ(á$a e);+r(e'<Pen enne r"&á$áraira(:9 Ne<U$a e';+n a);(a a F$%"Uia'i$(a n"<en'a(rá(, a?ne< a% "r$%á) (*nre(+(e'+!en *%re<P*d $e<<ie% $e< +r(?e( $a+r(+ '+8(e((e e', $ jra a ne<%e( n;aára 6'(e((e9 Á''Q?(:'a) ne< (a'á'(a <e) a ne<%e( 8r")re$$%Q& eri(, a<e';e a rend?$%er&á'(á$ &+)reaj(á$ára +8e$e 'e((e &"'na9 E%%e' $%e<!en<=nájá( (er<+$%e(e$en a r"<': )a%da$á)i e';%e( i$ $e)Q(e((e,a<e'; aár (er<+$%e(e$ á''a8"(na i$ &"'( (ein(e(, i$%en anna *$%*ne((6 a >+'re$ier6'( rend$%er&á'(á$( i$9 E n+'6' <+) <in?di) a !"'$e&i%<=$ =ra'"dna >e'e((6n9 Ha a 8ár(á''a< 'e)a'á!! an;"'U&ana$ +&e e'$ >e'+!en 6'>*'di *'U$*n*!' (á8'á'( +'e(?$%Qn&"na'a( >"';a<a("$an !i%("$Q(ani (=d(a &"'na, a $%a!ad<P?&e$ &i'á)a(a'"< !i%"n; j:&a' nee%e!!en (=dja j rend$%er+(





$%á''Q("((a (er<++(9 A% +'e($%Qn&"na' dra$%(i=$ U$*en+$+ne <+r$+'+$+re e%((a' <ár a% Fe'$ $%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(( "r<án;i$ rá+n;$%er6'( a 6'>*'di i(e'e >e'&+(e'+re9-ai $%e<<e' &i%$)á'&a ); (Pni, a .rj=U$"& á'(a' +%!e?

$Q(e(( rend$%er&á'(: >"r)a(:*n;& <e)je'*'(e a >"n("$a!! +$ na?);"!! +r(+P ne<%e(i &a);"n 8ri&a(i%á'á$á!an $%:!a j*e( 6'?>*'di &á''a'a(" $%e<+';+(, U$a); <in( a a%ai ed&e%<+n;e?%e((e *r+( i$9 A% "r$%á) i';e(+n &a': i>"$%(á$a =);ani$ e);>aj(a$%er&e%e(($+)re =(a'9A j:%an Q(+'+8e$$+)6e' <ind&+)i) rende'e% á''a<8"'?)árain <"$"';")&a >i);e'(+, "); a <a)=a( $%=8er$%"Uia?'i$(ána &a'': a a8i(a'i%<=$(:' 'á(a(:an =nd"r"d: !"'$e&i$(á

arU= 8ir='á$a n+'6' e);i na8r:' a <á$ira <inden i);ee%e?(6e' a 8iaU)a%da$á) e'n;ei&e' e%d(+ e' );%*dni *rn;e?%e(6e(9 Ca(a('an=' S%en( á' !i!'iai e$e(e j=("(( e$%6n!e9A "<<=ni%<=$ a8"$("'ai e);$%er U$a "(( (a'á'(á <a)=a(a da<a$%=$%i ("n +$ ir(e'en F<e)&i'á)"$"d&a e);<á$( i$ '*?d*$&e <e)ind='(a &i$$%a>e'+9 -ire a%a+r(e Q&6'r' >j(á a<ia(;án"(9 ."rá!!i 6'd*%*((jei 8edi) á<='&a >i);e'(+ e 6'*?n*$ (6ne<+n;(9 -+) a !+e<"%)a'"<!an a$$%i<i'á':d"((, id?

*%!en <a)=a( a% e);á%i ierarUia 6'*n!*% 8"'Uaira >e'&e?reede(( ere$%(;+n 8a8$á)"n i$ 6'*n*$ %a&ar"d"(($á) 'e(( "rrá9Hiá!a &"'( a% á('a)"( j:&a' <e)a'ad: jár(a$$á)= a >i'"%:>iá!an,<ire e%d(e <a)="% (+rni, a -a);ar"r$%á)"n $"a ne< i$<er(e);á%a, $%e(á )"<!a<:dra $%a8"r"d&a U$á!Q("((á <a)=?"% "rá!!i Q&eie(9 R*&id id a'a(( (*!! <in( $%á% j e);á% je?241);e%(e((e !e <a)á(9 -e)ann;i $%e(a 8edi) <+) a i&a(a'"$ n;i'?&án(ar(á$!a &+(e'+&e' $e< %a&ar(a((a <a)á( +$ <e)e%d(e á'dá$"$?na ne< <indi) <"nda(: <P*d+$+(9 /: n+án; +&ne e' e''e(((e'nie, <ire a ere$%(;+n, >'e) a r:<ai a("'i=$ 8a8" >e'i$<er?(+, "); a F(e'( á% e'(( <e)(ar("(( <i$+en a i& i$e!!$+)? !e er6'(e a% á'i&e' $%e<!en, ai ne< ann;ira i<ád"%ni,$"a' iná!! a'')a(:%ni járna a (e<8'"<"!a9 A F$%"Uia'i$(aa(a'"< ne< <arad( ad:$a a !+e8a8$á)na9 A H"rn?"r<án;



<+) a $%"Uia'i%<=$!:' a a8i(a'i%<=$!a &a': á(á''á$ %Pr%a&ará!ani$ ere$e(( a'a'<a( arra, "); a R:<ai S%en($%+e' "n"rdá?(=<"( *$$*n9 .*&e(e%<+n;e+88en a 8a8$á) ja&ada'<a%á$a, ane< i$ 'á(&án;"$ <:d"n, de n*&eede((9 Vá'a$%(á$i a<8án;"

idej+n a -SZ- =(:d8ár(ja +$ a &e'e e%de(!en (i("!an, +$!!n;Q'(an i$ e);6((<P*d SZDSZ &e%e(i, +8&i$e'je'*'(jei e);?<á$( (a8"$&a I);ee%ne (i$%(e') 'á(")a(á$( (enni, <ajd <a)=a(a 8a8"a' 'e>"(:%(a(ni9 E%%e' i$ !i%"n;Q(and:, "); a% e);á%F&e'6 &an9 -i*%!en er+';e$ r)á$"a' n"$%")a(já e( a%*=<eni=$ )"nd"'"dá$ !e>")adá$ára9 Lá(a(:an ne< i$ ered?<+n;(e'en6'9A Frend$%er&á'(: -D7?"r<án; +8(e'enne !i%"n;='( <+)

a 'e)$%er+n;e!! i)a%$á)(+(e'i (*r&+n; <e)a'"(á$ára i$9 I$<er(d"'"), "); a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU idej+n, <ajd e%( *&e(eni$ a% "r$%á)!an $%á<"$ e';en a !"'$e&i$(a ara(a'"<, de e);e$"n&+d$+)i 6'*nQ(<+n;e i$ &ad $"r(P%%e' (á<ad(a a (6n(e( 'a?"$$á)ra9 +'dá=' Sa'):(arján!an $%á%a$ na);$á)rendP a'á'"$ á'?d"%a( &+re >e$(e((e a <a);ar >*'de(9 A% -SZ, a% SZDSZ (á<"?)a(á$á&a' &+d(e a &*r*$ <=nd+r F!eU$6'e(+(9 A%%a' "%a"d(a e', "); a% i';en (Q8=$ !PnU$e'e<+n;e <ár a% e'+&6'(e9

A%" ne< (ár);a'a(:9E%=(án "$$% j")i =%a?&"na e%dd*((, "); a $%"&je( a)?re$$%i: á!"r$ U$e'e<+n;ne ne&e%e(?eW E!!en a% e$e(!en=);ani$ ninU$ e'+&6'+$9 -ire <inde% (i$%(á%:d"((, a% -D7?"r<án; <e) i$ !="((9 A &+)6'i$ á!"r$ U$e'eede(+n( e'i$?<er( $%"&je( in(er&enUi: *&e(e%(+!en +n;$%erede((en <e)in?d='(a a $"r(6%e e'*&e(i e''eni 8ere9 E'<ara$%(a': Q(+'e(e, da?Uára "); a% -D7 <arad&án;a a 7IDESZ "a'QUi:$ $%*&e($+)e?$e+n( i$<+( a(a'"<ra er6'(, $ a% i)a%$á)6);i (árUá( n+); +&i) !ir(""'a((a, a <ai na8i) e);e('en e$e(!en $e< $%6'e((e9242edi) e%e a U$e'e<+n;e !&en i<erQ(i a a%aár='á$ <i?n$Q(e(( e$e(+(9A% -D7 &a); ne< <er(e, &a); ne< en)ed(+ nei, "); aa%aár=':a( n+&en ne&e%%e9 ); n;i'&án enne *&e(e%<+n;ei



$e< 'ee((e9 edi) $%á<"$ j")á$%(:' a''"((a<# A% 145?e$ );?ne&e%e(( F>"rd='a( +&+(' <inda%", ai a <a);ar (ár$ada'<a();a"r'a(i'a) a -a);ar .irá';$á) á''a<>"r<ájá!:' a $%"&je( i)a%?)a(á$ F$%"Uia'i%<=$!a (P%%e'?&a$$a' á();r(á +$ 10?i) e);

6'>*'di a(a'"< <e)!Q%á$á!:' &e%e((+, ("&á!!á ai a% ide)en,6'>*'di +rdee i$%"')á'á$ára a'aQ("(( -a);ar D"')"%: ár(ja,<ajd 19 =(án -a);ar S%"Uia'i$(a -=ná$ ár( >edne&P $%"&? je( "r)ani%áUi: (a)$á)a r+&+n $e)Q(e((+ a <a);ar )a%da$á) (er&?$%erP (*nre(+(e'+(, &a'a<enn;ien i<erQ(e((+ a a%aár='á$ !Pn?(e((+(9 J$=8án a U$e'e<+n;6 &e$%+';e$$+)e, (ar(a'<a +$ in(er?&a''=<a <+r$+e'e(i &a); $%i)"rQ(a(ja anna <in$Q(+$+(9Hi$%en &a'a<enn;i 8ár((a) e'(( i$<er( &"'( e%( >e'e((e$ei

$"a$e< (a)ad(á "); a 8ár("(, a<e';!e !e'+8e((, e); 6'>*'dia(a'"< irán;Q(ja9 -+)8edi) e''en$+)e$ a(a'"<, i$%en a%ájá(a("nai er&e' <e)$%á''&a (ar(ja9 ár((a)$á)a r+&+n 6'*n!*%e'n;**% j=("(( a (*!!i á''a<8"')árra' $%e<!en9 A%%a', ");e%ee( a% e);+!+n( $e<+'e <á$ (e'je$Q(<+n;e% ne< *(e(e'n;*e( e'>")ad(a, &i(a(a(a('anná &á'( a >i%e(e(( a%aár='á$ (+?n;e9A% á''a<8ár(!an +$ a "r<án;%á$!an &+)%e(( (e&+en;$+)

(*!! <in( "''a!"ráUi:9 edi) a "''a!"rá'á$ i$ a a%aár='á$ e);i e$e(e9 A "''a!"ráUi: =);ani$ r*&ide!! idejP rend$%erin( a <e)?$%á'': e''en$+))e' &a': !+e*(+$i) (ar(9 Addi) U$=8án a <e)?$%á'':a' &a': "';an e);6((<P*d+$, a<e';e( a a("nai'a) 'e&er("r$%á) 'a"$$á)ána e''á(á$a, á(<en(+$e +rde+!en &+)%e((9 -+)Q); i$ <inden "r$%á) j"));a"r'a(á!an e);en' a a%aár='á$ >"?)a'<á&a'9 ); i$ !6n(e(i9E<'+e%%6n U$a a >ranUia e(ain <ar$a''ra, ai( a% e'$ &i?'á)á!"r!an a >ranUia ne<%e( $e+n( (i$%(e'(e9 A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r idej+n, "); a%ájá( <e)<en($e a (e'je$ n+<e( <e)?$%á''á$ e''en, aj'and: &"'( e); "''a!"ráUi:$ "r<án; +'+re á''ni9E% e$e(!en !i%"n;Q(a(:an a%ája +rde+!en U$e'eede((9 A á!"?r !e>eje%+$e =(án a >ranUia a(:$á)" <+)i$ 'e(ar(:%(a((á9 E'i(?+'+$+( U$=8án a !*r(*n!en !e*&e(e%e(( a'á'a aadá';"%(a <e)9243





Q)+re(, a<e';!en e'$ 'á(á$ra ne< i$%9G;a"ri <"ndá$a &"'(#244FHa a <indena(: arra ár"%(a(na, "); &a'a<e'; "r?

$%á) &e%e(+$+( e''ene &+)e%ne<, aár a a8=a j?)=ineá( i$ iná!! &á''a'ná<, <in( a <a);ar(9 Ne< ne<?%e( e% <ár9 U$=8án a ár8á(<edenUe *%e8+n *$$%e%$=?)"r"d"(( <a);arna <"nd"(( "r$%á) 'a"$$á)a9 E% a n+8<ár U$a e); a<"r> <a$$%a, a<e';e( a %$id: $aj(: +n;e?ed&e $%erin( "';anra );r, a<i';enre aar9-inden a'a'"<<a' <e)$+r(d(e< i)a%$á)(a'anna (ar("((&+'e<+n;+n, "';ann;ira, "); "$$% +&ere &i$$%a(ein( !ará(?

$á)=n i$ e);re j"!!an e'ide)6'(9 -a)a< i$ *re)$%e<, $ <ind(*!!e( )"nd"'"d"<9 G"nd"'a(ai< e);re );a"ri!! (+<ája# Va? j"n ne< e''ene !"U$ána("( +rne< *re) !ará("< e<'++('WÉ'e(e =("'$: id$%aá!an <a)a An(a'' /:%$e> i$ !e&a''"((a,"); "r<án;a a<ia%e?"r<án;, a<e'; >e'á'd"%%a <a)á( arend$%er&á'(á$ "'(árán9 Ne< er6'e( <e) a +rd+$# &aj"n (*r&+n;$%erPen ); i$e''e(( enne 'ennieW Ne< '+(e%e(( <á$ <e)"'dá$W A% -D7 >e'$,

de a'$:!! &e%e(ine (*!!$+)e i$ <inden !ajá+r( a% -D7\ SZDSZ?8a(=<"( i!á%(a(ja, a<e';e( An(a'' /:%$e> e); <ar"n;i$%e<+';i !P&*'e(+!en +' $%P 'á(:*rP U$"8"r( !ea&a(á$á&a', a%Fa'a8Q(: a(;á á(a <*)*(( *(*(( <e)9 E%e (*!!$+)e <ár ne<i$ (a)ja a% -D7?ne9 S( a .:n;a?á%a$8ár a 2002?e$ 8ar'a<en(i&á'a$%(á$" $"rán .=8a -iá'; -SZ á'(a' (á<")a("(( Jen(r=<ár(já!a in(e)rá':d&a n;Q'(an i$ a% -SZ (á<")a(:já&á &á'(9 A%1@?a$ 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$"a( <e)e'%en S%a!: I&án +$ S%a? !ad G;*r); &e%e(+$+&e' a% -D7?!' i&á'&a j 8ár("( "%(a '+(?re, a<e'; <ár a F!aan;i(á$ e); 'á(en$ >"r<ája &"'(9 S%a!:I&ánna' e''en(+(!en S%a!ad G;*r); >""%"((an &"n(a <a)ára a j"!!"'da' >i);e'<+(, i$%en , "); );<"ndja< G*nU% Ár8ád<e''e(( a 8a(=< e);i Fa'an;a, &a); iná!! (ár);a &"'(9 T=d"?<á$"< $%erin( An(a'' /:%$e> >iai i$ S%a!: I&án+a' <en(e, >a?+8n+' a);&a a% a8j= á'(a' F(i$%(e'(, de ne< $%ere(e(( -D7?e(9



-a)=a' &i((+ a% FAn(a''i *r*$+) je'en($ r+$%+( i$9 A<i(<e)a);(a, a!!an ne< $" *$%*ne( <arad(924A A.T-

"%$)a; I<re ered<+n;e$ <=nája '+(re"%(a a% -SZ-$%á<ára a a(a'"< á(adá$á"% n+'6'*%e(e('en e''en%+i $%er&e?%e(e( a -a);ar De<"ra(a 7:r=<"(9 A !i%("$e%Pne i$<er( !á!ae''en+re a% j$%6'*(( (e'e >+'e'e<<e' e%d(e <e) 8:';á$ +'e(+(9.e%de(i '+8+$ei( ne< i$ , ane< a% ( :na a'a(( e<e' dajái(e((+ <e), e';e((e9 E% a ne< i$ 8"'i(i=$"!:', ane< (*!!n;irea ='(ra <P&e'i!' *$$%eá''( a'a'+'e'<e(e$

á''a<8ár(na9 A <e)a'aQ("(( 'a%a $%er&e%e( U$=8án Ui&i' $%er&e?%d+$ne ind='(9 ár(+n( ne< i$ Q&án(a <P*dni, U$=8án a 'a?"$$á) 8ár(? +$ "r<án; e''eni <+'(a('an"dá$ána ("'<áU$"'á$á((ein(e((+ U+'j=na9 E%( a (*re&+$( i)a%"'ja &i$$%a <a)a a $%er?&e%e( ne&e i$9 -a);ar De<"ra(a 7:r=<, &a);i$ <inden an)>:r=rna $%er&e%d+$6 +$ (e&+en;$+)6 <inden r+$%'e(e, <indene'e<e e!!en a% irán;!an <"%)"((9A a(a'"< r+$%'e)e$ +$ idei)'ene$ á(adá$á"% a% -SZ- i$

<+'(:+88en jár='( "%%á9 A 8ár("( <e$(er$+)e$ <:d"n, a >"r)a?(:*n;& 'eQrá$ána <e)>e'e'en e((+$%aQ("((a9 A <a)=a( re?>"r<?"<<=ni$(ána ne&e% ne< er'(e((+ <e) ('$á)"$an a>an(á%iáj=a(9 A 8ár( ne&+!' ia);&a a <=ná$ $%:(, -a);ar S%"Uia'i$(a ár(?+n( <P*d(e ("&á!!9 Erre a% "'da'ra á''Q("((á a(a)$á) na);"!!i r+$%+( +$ <a)="% &e((+ a% -SZ- );?$%:'&án (e'je$ &a);"ná( Aie( a <á$i "'da(ra á''Q("((a, &a);i$a% "r("d" "<<=ni$(á <e)a8(á a 8ár( r+)i ne&+!' a <=n?á$ $%:(9 E%( a ne&e( i$ &e((+ >e' +$ <ind a <ai na8i) -=ná$? 8ár(na ne&e%i $%er&e%e(6e(9A >e'$ &e%e(+$ (a)jaina "&a(ar("%á$á( (er<+$%e(e$en ne< <a)= d*n(*((+ e', i$%en a $"$>a%+ <e''' <+) á(<ene?(i'e) $e< aar( (á)Q(ani e);i6 $e<9 AárU$a a% erjed+$, a >"rrá$i$ 'á(a(a('an er <P&e9A (*!!$+)6!en Qr:!:', *'(!' +$ <á$ +r(e'<i$+)ie!'



&er!=&á':d"(( -D7 &e%e(i na);"n i$ (ar(&a e); 1?"$"% a?$"n': U$a8dá(:' ne< <=(a((a 6'*n*$e!! +rde'd+$( a a(a'"<e$e('e)e$ á(&+(e'+re9 -e)<arad(a iná!! a% e);8ár(i á''a< e);re24

a(ár"%a('ana!! <P*d+$+ne !Qrá'a(áná'9 E%( i$ 'e)iná!! >"';:?ira("!an 8=!'iá'( Qrá$ai!an (e((+9 Tar(:%"d(a <inden 'á(&á?n;"$ de<"n$(ráUi:(:', a<e'; &+'e<+n;6 $%erin( a'a'<a$ 'ee(a a(a'"< <e)("r': in(+%ed+$eire9 Ne< $%er&e%d(e "';an a(á?r"%"(( +$ &á'("%á$"a( *&e(e' >e'&"n='á$", aine ."8áU$iSánd"r B=da8e$( rendr>a8i(án; =(:da >e);&eree( "$%(")a(?a("(( &"'na, <in( 1?!an a -adáU?(+ren9BQr: Z"'(án a% -D7 e'n*e +$ &e%e((ár$ai (+("&a !"('ad"%á?

$á( 'á(&a a 'á(a(a('an $%er&e% $%6$+)+( +re%(+ a &i'á)ra $e)Q?(e(( $%er&e%e( +'+re $ajá( e'*(e'e%e(( e<!er6e( !eej(ern;%ni9 E%*nn;e!!en <en(, <ie( )"nd"'(á9 A% i$<ere('en$+) "<á';á? !:' e'%"(( An(a'' /:%$e>e( *nn;P$%erre' $:%(á a n;'$%Q&Pir"da'<ár" n;aá!a9Bár a ne<%e(i ere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$" $"rán a% á''a<8ár(<e)d*!!en(en en)ed+en;ne !i%"n;='(9 A% -D7 +$ a (*!!iid*%!en n+án; (Q% (a)'+($%á< -SZ (i("$ $%er&e%+$+!en '+(?

rej*(( $%er&e%e( *&e(e'+$ei( i''e(en, <ái) $e< +r(j6, "); e);e$e('e)e$ "r<án;raer6'+$( <i+r( ne< &e((e $%ár&i(á$!a9 -i+r(>")ad(á e' a +(ar<ad"$ (*r&+n;e (*<e)+(, a<e';e ne<U$a <e)nee%Q(i, de <ajd");ne< 'ee(e('enn+ i$ (e$%i a% "r$%á)de<"ra(i=$ "r<án;%á$á(9Erre U$a e);e('en <a);ará%a( >e'(+(e'e%e(9 Ne< i((e,ne< $%á<Q("((a arra, "); &a':!an $%a!ad &á'a$%(á$" (ján<e)$%ere%e(i a% "r$%á) &e%e(+$+ne a(a'<á(9 Ne< i$<er(+ >e'a% á''a<8ár(, $ &e'e a% e)+$% $%"Uia'i$(a a"); >")a'<a%(a &i'á)rend $%aná'á$ána $%6$+)e$$+)+( +$ a <*)*((6 á'': $*(+(er e!!+'i e'a(ár"%"(($á)á(9 .*&e(e'+$ei U$=8án e); &á'("%a(?'an >"r<á!an =ra'"d: á''a<8ár( di(a(rájána en;Q(+$+( U+'"%?(á9A +(ar<ad"$ (*r&+n;e (+<a*r+( ne<"); U$*en(eniI);ee%(e, ane< $"a' iná!! n*&e'+$+n $%"r)"$"d(a9 );



)"nd"'(á, e%%e' <e)nee%Q(i a% á''a<8ár( di(a(:ri=$ <P*d+?$+(9 -a)a< e'+ (=d"< +8%e'ni a Fre>"r<"<<=ni$(a "'da' (ár?);a':ina j:Q%P ne&e(+$+(, a<i"r e% ""$na e);á'(a'án ne<<"nda(: (ár);a'á$i F(a(iá( <a)= *%*(( e'e<e%(+9

-inde!!' a% a *&e(e%(e(+$ i$ e);+r(e'<Pen !e&"na(:# A%-D7?e( );á<"'Q(: 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< ne< (áj+"%(a((a a !e*?245&e(e% &á'("%á$" (e'je$ <+';$+)+r', a<e';e( a !e*&e(e%e((e$e<+n;e!' An(a'' /:%$e> <a)a i$ >e'i$<ere(e(( &"'na9A $%a!ad &á'a$%(á$" &a':!an $%a!ad +$ (i$%(ae%P 'e!"n;"?'Q(á$á!an $e< i((e, i$%en <+) ne< >e'ej(e((+ e' a "a'QUi:$id +U+d='á$ &á'a$%(á$i <P&e'e(ei(9 ); )"nd"'(á, "); a?

"r á(= <*)*(( a <e)$%á'': $%"&je( ader $e)Q($+)+&e' !ár<i?';en &á'a$%(á$i U$a'á$ i&ie( &"'(9 A <e)$%á'': $%"&je( U$a8a(" 8edi) <"$( i$ a% "r$%á)!an (ar(:%"dna9 A i&"n='á$=ra &"na(?"%: Q)+re( a% "r"$%" r+$%+r' a'i)a &ee( "<"';an9A "ra!e'i '")iána e% a $%P'á(:*rP )"nd"'"dá$a a% á(?'a) e<!er 8"'i(iai i$<ere(eine $%in(j+n (er<+$%e(e$ne $6n(9 Dea%" $%á<ára, ai a ne<%e(, aárU$a $%á<"((e& e''en%+i &e?%e(+$+( &á''a'ni <er(+ e% a 8"'i(iai >e'+$%6'($+) a'i) &"'( (*!! a

$e<<in+'9 Nei i)eni$ ne<U$a $%á<Q(ani e''e(( &"'na a% á'?'a<8ár( a(a'"<!:' &a': i$%"r='á$ára, ane< <P*d+$6 'e)?>!! U+'já( i$ e!!en e''e(( &"'na <e)a(ár"%ni=9E%e =(án a'i)a 'ee( a%"n U$"dá'"%ni, "); a% 109 +&i, a$%"&je( $%=r"n;" árn;+á!an <e)(ar("(( &á'a$%(á$" e$e<+n;+?ne a''a(án a );%(e$ -D7?e$ +8&i$e'n *n;&+ne a%( a UQ?<e( ad(a# F/+%=$?-ária );%(6nM9 A );%e'e< a%"n!an ne<&"'( (e'je$9 ."a'QUi:$ 8ar(neree( e''e(( !e&"nni a "r<án; <=n?ájá!a9A 7IDESZ e!!en a% id!en <+) a% SZDSZ i>j$á)i $%er&e?%e(+ne $%á<Q("((, a+n;&e$%(+$ i$9 A <+) $%á<!a j*e( 8ar(nere a 76))e('en.i$)a%da ár( +$ a .ere$%(+n; De<"ra(a N+88ár( "a'QUi:ra i$'+8(e a% -D7?e'9 A ár"< 8ár( e);6((e$ <andá(=<a a%"n!an



U$a 0^?"( (e(( i9 ); +(ar<ad"$ (*r&+n;e a'"(á$á"% ne<&"'( e'e)end9T*!!, <in( );an$na <"nda(: a% -D7 42,5^?"$ +$ aSZDSZ 23,^?"$ ered<+n;e9 A e(( e);6(( =);ani$ ,3^, (e?

á( +88en e'e)end a +(ar<ad"$ 8ar'a<en(i (*!!$+) ia'aQ(á?$á"%9 -in(a U$a &a'ae'(+(e'e%e( $%á<" a'a='á$a <e''e((, a<enn;i? !en a% 14?e$, a% 1@?a$, <+) iná!! a 2002?e$ 8ar'a<en(i24@&á'a$%(á$" idej+n a$"n': );an$ *r6'<+n;e je'ei ne< <=(a(?"%(a &"'na9 De erre <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9

A ne< &ár( "r<án;%á$ ne+%$+)ei An(a'' /:%$e> +8%e'e(?&i'á)á!an <ár a a(a'"< (+n;'e)e$ );a"r'a(ána <e)e%d+$ee'(( je'en(e%(e9 E% a (+n; <ár *n<a)á!an i)a%"'ja a ne<%e(iere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$""n a'a'<a%"(( (ár);a'á$i (a(iájána (e'je$ U$dj+(9 Lee(e('en e'inni, "); n+án; :na88a' "rá!!anne i$<er(e &"'na a (*r&+n;"%á$ <P*d+$+ne <eUani%<=$á(, aa(a'"< "'da'án a $%6$+)e$ >e'(+(e(e (e'je$ &er(i=<á(9 Ar<á'i$iná!!, <er( erre jd"n$6'( !ará(ai, 8ár((ár$ai (*!! e$e(!en >i?

);e'<e%(e((+ i$9Enne 'e(( a *&e(e%<+n;e, "); a% -D7?e( Fne< $%ere(?(e9 A% -D7?e$ a'a8Q(: a(;á &+'e<+n;+&e' $%e<!en n;=)"d(an<e)"Uá%(a(a(j=9 NE- IS FTISZTELTE9.+($+) $e< >+re( "%%á, "); An(a'' /:%$e>e( e!!en a (e&+?en;$+)+!en a%" a 'á(a(a('an er &e%e((+, a<e';ne <a)a i$(a)ja &"'(, 'e)>e'je!! !ea&a("(($á)a ne< +r( >e' a%"+&a'9A <a)a &á'a$%("((a +n;$%ere';%e( a<e';ne e'('%"((<+r(++(, aár &i(a(a(j= i$ e); SZDSZ?e' *(end 8a(=< irá?n;á!a (ere')e((e An(a'' /:%$e>e(9 A 8a(=<<a' n;er( 8"'i(iai a8?r:8+n% a );a"r'a(!an na);"n e&+$ne !i%"n;='(9 ); (Pni e%(a <e)"'dá$( &á'a$%("((a !ará(jána G*nU% Ár8ádna *%(ár$a$á)ie'n*+ &á'a$%(á$á"%9 A% a'=!a =);ani$ e% i$ !e'e(ar("%"((9 Ne< 6'*n!en S%a!ad G;*r);ne a 8ar'a<en( e'n*+&+ &á'a$%(á?$a, a<e'; >*'*(( U$a <"$"';")ni 'ee(, i$%en <inden e=r:8ai



de<"ráUiá!an a 8ar'a<en( e'n*+( a 'e)er$e!! "a'QUi:$ "r?<án;8ár( adja, ee% $e"' $e< $%6$+)e$ +(ar<ad"$ 8ar'a?<en(i (*!!$+)9 Ha err' a'=d"%ni e'' e);á'(a'án, a"r 'e)>e'? je!! a "a'QUi:$ 8ar(nere 'ee(ne a <á$i "'da'"n9 E%((a' a%"n?

!an ); ad(á e', "); a -D7 "%%ájár=' G*nU% Ár8ád *%(ár?$a$á)i e'n*i <e)&á'a$%(á$á"%, <Q) U$er+!e a% SZDSZ e);e(+r(S%a!ad G;*r);ne a 8ar'a<en( e'n*+'&+ &a': <e)&á'a$%(á$á"%9Va);i$ e);e(+r(e((e a%%a', a<ie% a% e);e(+r(+$6*% $e<<i$%6$+) ne< &"'(9A% 109 á8ri'i$ 2?+n <e)*(*(( -D7?SZDSZ 8a(=< 20 8"n(!an a(ár"%%a <e) a +( 8ár( Fe);e(+r( aara(á( E% a <e)?*(+$e"r (i("$ 8a(=< (i8i=$ 8+'dája a% e);"'da' $%er%d+?

$ene9 A% -D7 e!!en j:$%er+&e' ne< a8"(( $e<<i(, =);ana?24"r <inden( !i%("$Q("(( a% SZDSZ?ne, a<i( +r(9 -ár8edi) (=d(a +rniM A 14?e$ 8"n( (ar(a'<a%%a arUa);ar ne<%e( 'e)na?);"!! árára $%a!á';"%"(( SZDSZ?i)+n;P $aj(:(*r&+n;(, a<e';e(a de<"ra(i=$ %$ar)"n!an a "r<án;"(:' >6))e('en $aj(:$%a? !ad$á)na ne&e%ne9 Hi$%en a"r i$ (=d"(( d"'") &"'(, "); a$aj(: );$%:'&án e)+$%e %$id: &e%e(+$$e' <P*d*((9 Enn+'>")&a

a% SZDSZ?ne <inden (i"$ &a); n;Q'( 8a(=< ián;á!an i$<:dja &"'( irán;Q(ani +$ >e'6);e'nie9 Vaj"n ie(?e, "); enne &e$%+';+( a 8a(=< e'(( An(a'' /:%$e> ne< 'á((aW A% "r$%á) +('e)<a)a$a!! *%j")i <+'(:$á)a (i("$ 8a(=< $e)+d'e(+&e'=);anU$a %$id: +%!e er6'(, "); a (*!!ier' ne i$ $%:'j=n9A% e'$ F$%a!ad &á'a$%(á$" e &"na("%á$!an $%6'e(e(( ered<+?n;ei( !i%"n; <+) Rá"$i +$ %$id: *rn;e%e(e i$ <e)iri);e'e((e&"'na9A -a);ar HQr'a8 149 a=)=$%(=$ 25?i $%á<á!:' +88en a%SZDSZ?e$ Hara$%(i -i':$(:' (=dj= <e), "); e%( a 8a(=<"(An(a'' /:%$e> a% F-D7?e$ a'a8Q(: a(;á á(a <*)*(( *(*((e<e)9 Hara$%(i ir"ni=$an je);%i <e) An(a'' <inden( 'e (=d"((n;e'e(ni a% Fa'a8Q(: a(;áa', i&+&e a <+diá(9 E%(, a"); <aii$<ere(ein!' 'á(j=, er$%aa' (*<(e 'e a ("r="n9A 8a(=<"( a'áQr: -D7?e$e *%*(( <ár U$a Ba'$ai I$(&án



(a'á'a(: <e)9 Ne<r+) $%"rQ("((á i >raUi:&e%e(i <e)!Q%á$á? !:'9 A .:n;a á%a$8ár a 2002?e$ &á'a$%(á$" $"rán a Jen(r=< 8ár(!a +86'&e <ár a "<<=ni$(áa' er6'( $%*&e($+)i *%e'$+)? !e9 Sa'a<"n Lá$%': 8edi) a 7IDESZ!en (a'á'a(:9

A 8a(=< 20 8"n(ja 'á((án :a(a('an=' >e'<er6' !enn6n a+rd+$# (='ajd"n+88en a% An(a'' &e%e((e -D7 6'd*(($+) <i!eni$ á''a8"d"(( <e) a% á''a<8ár((a' a ne<%e(i ere a$%(a' (ár);a'á?$" $"ránW Hi$%en e% a 20 8"n( >e'*'e'i a "r<án;%á$ );$%:'&án(e'je$ &er(i=<á(9-a <ár (e'je$ !i%"n;"$$á))a' á''a8Q(a(j= <e)# A ne<%e(iere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$""n a &"'( á''a<8ár( *n<a)á&a' (ár);a'( +$Fe);e%ede((9 Hi$%en a &e'e $%e<!en'+& "'da'"n i$ (*!!$+)+!en,

a =);an ne< a% e)+$%+!en, &"'( 8ár((a)" 6'(e9 );an); a%109 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" ered<+n;e+n( a a(a'<a( i$*n<a)ána ad(a á(9 /")"$an +rde%e(i !ári, "); <i+r( i$ &"'(arra a $%Qnjá(+ra $%6$+)W Va':!an <i+r( i$ &"'( rá $%6$+)# <in?denee'(( a $%"Uia'i$(ána ne&e%e(( á''a<a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)i20rend$%er U$>"$ !=á$ána ("<8Q(á$ára, a >e'8=='( di(a(ra $%a?ná'á$ára9 -i&e' a% <ár ne< (=d(a (e'je$Q(eni a 'a"$$á) ("&á!!i

<e)>+'e<'Q(+$+(9 7e' e''e(( adni a <=naer (e'je$ >")'a'"%(a(á?$ána d")<ájá(9 A (er<e' 6%e<e!en =);ani$ a <=na&+)%+$enQ&6' <indenne' >")'a'"%(a9 A >""%:d: )+8e$Q(+$ e''en+re a(er<e'+$ ne<, &a); a'i) n*&eede((9Ha e F$%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;"a( <a)a a% addi) *r*<$%a?ad(ái) &+de'<e% 8ár( adja >e', a% na); &a':$%QnP$+) $%erin( >"r?rada'"<!a ("r"''i, e$e('e) <a)= a 8ár( "'i)arUái a "'d=d&a?r=a' e);6(( aj( &+)re 8=UU$"( *n<a)a e''en, a<e';ne <inden !i%"nn;a' $';"$a!! *&e(e%<+n;ei 'e((e &"'na9 E<'+e%%6n U$a a $%"&je( 8ár( 9 ."n)re$$%=$ára +$ a% e%( *&e( id$%a?ra9 A a'"(( S%(á'in (err"rjána 8=$%(a e<'Q(+$e i$%en (e'je$ >e'?(árá$a a <ai na8i) $e< (*r(+n( <e) <iU$"da >"rr"n)á$( &á'("(( ia .e'e(?E=r:8ai 8ár("!an, de <a)á!an a $%"&je( "<<=ni$(a 8ár(!an i$9 A% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU=n $%"&je( i8r"&"á'á$á?na "ai *%*(( 'e)a'á!! 0^?!an "(( $%ere8e'( a $%"&je( 8ár( +(



"'da'án &er$en) +r&e'+$ei!en i$9 A -"'"("&?.a)an"&iU$"r("d" $%árn; a%( !i%"n;)a((a, a <e)!"n(já a $%(á'ini ide"':?)ia $(a!i'i(á$á(, a% r"!!aná$"% &e%e(9 );ana"r Hr=$U$"& +$(ár$ai ); >")a'<a%(a, a a "rá!!i (err"ri$(a di(a(rá( "n%er?

&á'já, a% a n+8(*<e)e e'e$ered+$e >"rrada'"<!a ("r"''a(9Ér&eie( e'(á<a$%(and: <ind+( $%"&je( 8ár(>raUi: e);<á$(:'>6))e('en6' a <a);ar"r$%á)i >"rrada'"< i8r"&"á'á$a irán;á!a(ere')e((e a% e$e<+n;ee(9 .a8:ra j*(( ee%, "); a $%"&je( U$a? 8a("a( a 8ári%$i !+e$%er%d+$ e'Qrá$a $%erin( a% "$%(rá á''a<?$%er%d+$ 1?*$ <e)*(+$+( *&e( 0 na8"n !e'6' i e''e((&"'na &"nni -a);ar"r$%á)r:'9 E%( a%"n!an $e< a $%"&je( 8ár("r("d"ai, $e< a re>"r<erei ne< aar(á9 E% &"'( a% e);e('en

8"n(, a<e';!en <arad+ n+'6' e);e(+r(e((e9Bár<i';en >=rU$a, de <+) a 8ári%$i !+e$%er%d+$ 0 na8"$U$a8a(i&"ná$ána i$ e'e)e( (e((e9 Na); I<re =);ani$ 19 "?(:!er 2@?án d+'e'(( a !=da8e$(i $%"&je( na);*&e($+)en <e)á''a? 8"d"(( a% "(( (ar(:%"d: -i"jánna' +$ S%=$%'"&&a', "); a$%"&je( U$a8a("a( i&"njá B=da8e$(r', <ajd a% "r$%á)!:' i$9V+)reaj(&a a 8ári%$i !+e$%er%d+$ erre &"na("%: e'Qrá$ai(9 A<e)á''a8"dá$ná' je'en &"'( Z$="& "n&+de'"n("$ (ár);a'á$ra, <a);ar (an n+'6' á''a8"d"(( <e) <ind?a!!an, a"r)a(:*n;&e( a8"((9 En?ne a'a8ján d+'=(án !e*&e(e%i 6'*n*$ $%Qne&á'("%á$a9 A% ad?di) á'(a'a $(a(ári=<<a' $j("(( +$ !6n(e(e(( $ajá( <e)>")a'<a%á$a$%erin(i e''en>"rrada'<a( e'i$<eri ne<%e(i >"rrada'"<na9 j"r<án;( a'aQ(, (i'(a"%i a *&e(e% na8"!an <ár <e) i$ in?d=': j $%"&je( in&á%i: e''en, i'+8 a &ar$:i $%er%d+$!', !eje'en(a% "r$%á) $e<'e)e$$+)+(9 -i&e' -a);ar"r$%á) a% E);e$6'( Á''a?<" <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ >i%e($+)e+n( a S%"&je(=ni: );ar<a(i&a%a''=$a, e%e a% in(+%ed+$ei e);en+n( i$ e'e)end a% "r"?$%" $%á<ára a% á'(a'= >a$i$%(a re$(a=ráUi:na (ein(e(( $%a!ad?$á)arU &+r!e>"j(á$á"%9 É'ne i$ &e'e <+)8edi) Na); I<re +$.ádár /án"$ a(a(:$ $e)Q($+)+&e'9



A% "r"$% U$a8a(" (eá( 1 n"&e<!er 4?(' <ár ne< a <á?$"di &i'á)á!"r );%(e$+ne <e)$%á'':i+n( (ar(:%"dna -a?);ar"r$%á)"n, ane< .ádár /án"$ +$ "r<án;a F!ará(i <e)Q&á?$a a'a8ján a $%"Uia'i$(a &Q&<án;" &+de'<+re9 E%%e' a <e)"'?

dá$$a' (er<+$%e(e$en a <a);ar $%=&ereni(á$( á(ad: E);e$6'( Á'?'a<" i$ (e'je$ <+r(+!en e);e(+r(9Err' (*!! U$a("rnán i$ +r(e$Q(i a S%"&je(=ni: &e%e(i(9 E'$Q%!en a (*r* na);*&e($+) <"$%&ai >")adá$án ("'<áU$"'ja J9B"'en a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" <"$%&ai na);*&e(e Hr=$U$"& r+?$%+re, "); A<eria ne< Q&ánja -a);ar"r$%á) $(á(=$ána <e)?&á'("%(a(á$á(9 );ana"r n;"<a(+"$an >i);e'<e%(e(i i$, ");ne (Prj+ a e';%e( e'<+r)e$ed+$+(, ane< <ie'!! á''Q($á e';re

a% 14?!en ia'aQ("(( $(a(=$ [="(9A <e)"'dá$ <:djá( a $%"&je( &e%e( !e'á(á$ára !Q%(a9);ana"r a% a<eriaia !e')rádi na);*&e($+)6 (ján i$<e)er$Q(e((+ a n"&e<!er 2?án Bri"ni?$%i)e(+re +re% Hr=$U$"&+$ -a'en"& $%á<ára a% a<eriai á''á$8"n( &á'("%a('an$á)á(91@?0?!en a%"n!an <er!en <á$ &"'( a ne<%e(*%i e';?%e(, a<e'; a% 1?"$ <e)"'dá$( (e'je$ e)+$%+!en i%ár(a9 1? !an A<eria i$ a S%"&je(=ni: i$ U$=8án a e%de(+n+' (ar("((a a

<á$"di &i'á)á!"r 9,);6<*'U$eine !e(aarQ(á$á!an9 A <á$"?di &i'á)á!"r =(áni )a%da$á)i "n$%"'idáUi: a (er<e'+$ +$ a 8i?aU" &+)'e)e$ ia'a='á$a <+) a'i)"); !e>eje%d*((922A )a%da$á)i "nj=(=ra +88en U$a e%de(+( &e((e, a<e';!ena <a);ar"r$%á)i e$e<+n;e &á'("%á$( =);an ne< de %a&ar( <in?den+88en ""%a((a &"'na9 N;i'&án $%á<Q(á$!a &e((+, ");-a);ar"r$%á) >e'adá$á&a' r*&id idn !e'6' a (*!!i $%"&je(?&a%a''=$ $e< 'e(( &"'na <e)(ar(a(:9 E%%e' &e$%+';!e er6' aS%"&je(=ni: J=rUi'' >")a'<a%á$a $%erin( 'e)>!! +$ 'e)na?);"!! Fá!"r$ "$%(a'+a9 E%( 8edi) $e< a% E);e$6'( Á''a<",<+) e&+$!+ a S%"&je(=ni: ne< en)ede((e <e) <a)ána9A% an)"' !ir("" e'&e$%(+$+ne <:dja, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ S%"&je(=ni: *%*$ e);6((<P*d+$+!en <a <ár <indeni á'(a'&i'á)"$an 'á(a(:9 -inde%e e''en+re An)'ia a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"



á'(a' 8r"&"á'( á!"r$ "n>'i(=$"!an "'; ri(iá('an =(;aP?$+)e( (an$Q( A<eria irán( XA>)ani$%(án, IraY, a<e'; <ár a 8"'i?(iá!an jára('an $%e<'+'!en i$ <"$"';( >aa$%(9A<eria (eá( $ajá(+rdeei e''en (e(( &"'na, a a% 1?"$

<a);ar"r$%á)i >"rrada'"< ered<+n;ei a8U$án $e)Q(i -a);ar"r?$%á) );ar<a(i e';%e(+ne <e)&á'("%(a(á$á(9 Ne< U$"da, ");e);e('en 8erUre $e< <er6'( >*' !enne a &e'6n &a': 'e)i$e!!e<8á(ia $e<9 A <a);ar 8"'i(iai e'i( r*&id'á(á$ára &a'', "); a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r$, $%á<=nra ár"$ $%ere8'+$e e''en+re <a"';an $%"')a'e'Pen &e$%i >i);e'e<!e A<eria +rdeei(, <in(a&a'aa a 'e)i$e!! e'n;6nre (e(( &"'na !ár<i( i$9A% An(a'' "r<án; $';"$ r*&id'á(á$a de 'ee(, "); +88en

Uin"$$á)a ne< i$<er(e >e', "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ aS%"&je(=ni: .i$$in)er !i8"'ári$ $%e<>+n;&e$%( e'<+'e(e e''en+rene< e);en' erejP a(a'"<9 A S%"&je(=ni: a'árende'( $%ere8e( já(?$%"(( +$ já($%i a +( na);a(a'"< &i$%"n;á!an9 edi) a );ar<a?(" *r6'i *%*$ <e$(ered+$e, a<e';e( <in(e); ne);&en +&en á(?>"';(a((a erre +88en e'+) !i%"n;Q(+a' $%"')á'(9A -a);ar"r$%á)"( "r<án;%: 8"'i(iai e'i(, de e''en%+e i$=);ani';en (áj+"%a('an$á)"( <=(a( ne<%e(*%i (*re&+$ei&e'9 A%

<+) U$a <a);ará%a(:, "); <i+r( '+8e(( !e a NATO?!a9 A Var?$:i S%er%d+$ >e'!"<'á$á( *&e(en <+)i$U$a &a'a<i';en 'á(?$%a(á( <=(a(ja a% "r$%á) >*'+ &"n( &+de'<i ern;ne9 En+'6'=);ani$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +n;e?ed&e $%erin( =$%Q(a((a &"'?na e''en6n a nei (e($% id!en, &"'( F!ará(aina(, a 'á(en$ <:?d"n <"$( i$ e);6((<P*d .i$an(an(?á''a<"a(9 Bár enne 'ee?($+)+( i%árni <"$( $e< 'ee(, i$%en a Var$:i S%er%d+$e% a?23$"n':an i$<+( a%"n"$ a("nai "r)ani%áUi:"% (ar("%=n9 -ár8edi)+( NATO (a)á''a< e);<á$ e''eni á!"rjára a ne< i$ );a?ran &"'( 8+'da T*r*"r$%á) +$ G*r*)"r$%á) e$e(+!en9 A<i 8edi)e);$%er <e)(*r(+n(, a% <e)(*r(+ne( (*!!$%*r i$9A% E=r:8ai ni:!a &a': ri(iá('an +$ <inden( e'$*8r (*re?&+$6n =);anU$a n+'6'*%i a 8"'i(iai <+r'e)e'+$ <inden e'e?<+(9 A %$id:$á) $e< &árja "';an áQ(a((a' a <e$$iá$(, <in( a "r?



<án;%a( +$ e''en%+e a% =ni:$ (a)$á)"(, 8edi) a 'e(+(e'e, a<e';?';e' a U$a('a"%á$( &á''a'(á $e<<i e'n;( ne< !i%("$i( a% "r$%á)?na, á(rán;( a%"n!an anná' (*!!e(9 A 'a"$$á) *r+!en a $aj(:(ján "';an 8$%iU:%i$( (ere<(e((e, "); $%in(e a a%a e''en$+)+?

ne (ar(já a%"a(, ai +(e';eine adna an)"(9 ); (Pni <in(a a <a);ar 'a"$$á) na);"!!i >e'e er$ á!Q(:$%er a(á$aa'a(( U$e'eedne a >e'>""%"(( =ni:$ &ára"%á$á!an9 A 8"'i(i=$" $ajn"$ ne< &e$%i a >árad$á)"(, "); 'e)a'á!! e); :ra U$ende$e'<+'ed+$+&e' e'e<e%%+ a &i'á) )a%da$á)i er&"na'aina, &e?%e( a(a'<aina, de e%((a' aár e);e$ $%á<!an i$ !e$%+'e(6n,a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" U+'jai( +$ +rdeei(9 A )"nd"'a($"r e'indQ(á$á?"% e'e)end e);e('en +rd+$ >e'(e&+$e# Vaj"n a <inden"ri <a?

);ar "r<án; á'(a' 109 :(a >a&"ri%á'( A<eriána +rde+!ená''a(?e a% e=r:8ai )a%da$á)i =ni: er$Q(+$eW A'i) ie(, "); er?re !ári i$ i)enne' &á'a$%"'na9 Hi$%en a% E=r:8a +$ A<eria *?%*((i )a%da$á)i &er$en; *%(=d"((, <+) je'en($e!! r+$%'e(ei i$*%i$<er(e9 A <ár a=((á &á'( &i'á))a%da$á)i &á'$á), a +( )a%?da$á)i (*<*r6'+$ 8edi) i$%á<Q(a(a('an *&e(e%<+n;ee( "%?a(9 Seni $e< i$%i, "); e ri&a'i%á'á$ E=r:8a );%e'<+&e', de'e)a'á!!i$ e'n;+&e' jár9 Onnan i'+8ni &a':$%QnP'e) nee%e!!

'enne, a 'ee(ne e);á'(a'án <in( a !e'+8+$ &"'(9 Enne e''en+?re >i);e'e<re<+'(: a% =ni:(a) An)'ia &i$e'ed+$e9 -ár a U$a('a?"%á$ána >e'(+(e'ei i$ e);edi <:d"n 'e((e ia'aQ(&a, <+)8edi)An)'ia e'n;+re9 Ne<%e(i &a'=(ájá( a >"n("( $e< ad(a >e' 7ranUia?"r$%á)"% +$ N+<e("r$%á)"% a$"n':an9 Na8jain 6'8"'i(iájá? !an >e'(Pn <:d"n $"a' iná!! (ar( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"a',<in( a% E=r:8ai ni: "r$%á)ai á'(a' <e)>")a'<a%"(( *%*$ á''á$? 8"n((a'9 An)'ia );$%:'&án <ár a U$a('a"%á$a :(a !i%"n;"$ <+r?(+!en ide)en (e$(ne $%á<i( a% =ni:!an9 Ne< e'' 6'*n !i%"n;?)a(ni, "); a !ri(e e(+n &a': Fi':)á$a <e"ra "Uá%a("( je'en( a% E=r:8ai ni:na924E);e$ =ni:$ "r$%á)" 'a"$$á)a <ár 6'*n!*% de<"n$(rá?Ui: a'a'<á&a' an)"( ad ne<U$a e'+)ede('en$+)+ne, a ne<a%ája i'+8+$+( i$ *&e(e(i9 E%e a *&e(e'+$e <a <+) ne< je?



'en($e9 A<enn;i!en e% <"ndj= An)'iára i$ á((erjedne, a% "?<"'; *&e(e%<+n;ee( &"na(na <a)a =(án .*nn;en e'+8%e'?e(, "); a% =ni: e)+$%e &e'6n e);6(( $%e<!e er6'ne a%E);e$6'( Á''a<"a'9 Enne 'ee($+)e 8edi) ne< %ára(: i,

ar<á'i$ e&+$!+, <er( NATO?&"na'"n e% <ár (='ajd"n+88en !ei$ *&e(e%e((9 Vaj"n a% =ni:ra +86' <a);ar 6'8"'i(ia ");an(=dja <ajd <inde%( >e'd"')"%ni a% "r$%á) je'en($ á(rán;a n+'?6'WA <ari$(a (*r(+ne(Qrá$ (*!!, <in( *(&en +&en á(, $( a <aina8i) ne< );%i !Qrá'ni a H"r(;?rend$%er(, a<i+r( (e'je$ <+r(+? !en e'*(e'e%(e <a)á( a n+<e( 6'8"'i(ia irán(9 Vaj"n <a ne<=);ane%( (e$$%6W A 6'*n!$+) U$=8án ann;i, "); N+<e("r$%á)

a"r a U$a r+$%e)e$en i$ $e)Q(e((e a 'e)>!! <a);ar (*re&+$,a a(árre&Q%i: <e)&a':$Q(á$á!an9 E);$%erPen $%:'&a 'e)a'á!!ad"(( i$ &a'a<i( $%*&e($+)6n >ej+!en9 -i( a8(=n &i$%"n( a N+?<e("r$%á) =(áni $%*&e($+)e$ein('W Aár a S%"&je(=ni:(:', aár a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"(:'W A S%"&je(=ni: (*!! <in( 40 +&en á( +8? 8en a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" (e'je$ "%%ájár='á$á&a' );ar<a((ar(:<:djára %$á<án;"'(a i a%ána(9 A $%a!ad<P&e$$+) &i'á)?a(a'<a á''a<a8i(a'i$(a Q$+r'e(+ne ere(+!en rán +n;$%erQ(e?

ne a $ajá( )a%da$á)i +n;$%er%=!!"n;á(9 Ne<U$a <e)aadá';"%(a, de $" (ein(e(!en <+) &i$$%a i$&e(e((e )a%da$á)=n >ej'd+$+(9 A ne<%e( e''en$+)ei!' ("!"r%"(((*!!n;ire ide)en e';(ar(:i&a' ); e'%á'")"$Q("((a "r$%á)=na(,"); a rend$%er&á'(á$i $%+de')+$ *%!en );erejá(+ &"'( a r+)i?je';(ar(: $e)Q($+)+&e' (e'je$ i>"$%(á$=n9 7e'(Pn, "); e >"$%?(")a(á$ F);6<*'U$e a );ar<a(" jrae'"$%(á$á"% a$"n':an ne<ann;ira a $%"&je( %$"n)'r*, $"a' iná!! a<eriai <e)!Q%:i*'+!e =''"((a9 Ha%án )a%da$á)i á''a8"(a <a, a ar<adi +&e%?red e'ej+n 'e$%á<Q(&a a +( +$ >+' +&$%á%ad (eUniai >ej'd+$+ne "%ad+á(?=);an"';an 'e(ar"'( á''a8"(!an &an, <in( a (a(árjárá$=(án &"'(9E'<"nda(j=, "); <inda%(, a<i( ('6 a8(=n +$ a<i =(án"'; na);"n &á);a"%=n, ne< $" *$%*nni&a':( (ar(a'<a% $%á?<=nra9



2A% -D7?SZDSZ 8a(=< <e)*(+$e ij:%anQ(a((a a <a);ar &á'a$%(:8"')ár(, $%a&a%a( !árire, !ár<e'; 8ár(ra, a% "r$%á)$"r$á(, 8"'i(iájá( =);ana%" d*n(i e', ai "rá!!an, 'e)>e'je!!

<á$ $%e<+';e aj(já &+)re9 A% e'$ $%a!adna <"nd"(( &á'a$%?(á$$a' <á$?<á$ 8ár($%Qne!en =);an, de <"$( i$ anna a 8ár(na a'e)<e)!Q%a(:!! e<!erei er6'(e a 8ar'a<en(!e, a<e'; ne);&en+&en á( a S%"&je(=ni: <e)!Q%á$á!:', anna &a%a''=$a+n( n;"<"?rQ("((a a% "r$%á)"(9 -ár a% a r+)i >"rrada'<aa( *&e( á''a8"($e< (e'je$, a<e';e( ); je''e<e%(e# Ne< (*r(+n( $e<<i, U$a e<!ere e%rei a'(a <e)9 A "U$i +$ a ': =);ana%, U$a <á$" 6'ne raj(a9 Sajn"$, a (+&e$en rend$%er&á'(á$na ne&e%e(( >"rd='a(

=(án a "U$i i$, a '"&a i$ <e)<arad(a +$ =);ana%" 6'ne raj(a9A "U$i ere+ne U$=8án n+án; 6''j+( U$er+'(+ i +$ a ':?$%er$%á<"( i$$+ >e'jQ("((á92AZ -D7 -EGTETTE .ÖTELESSÉGÉT, AZ-D7 -EHETMA% 109 +&i >"rd='a("( e%de(!en G"r!aU$"& i$ ); +8%e'(e,"); e); 8=UU$%erP radiá'i$ re>"r<<a' >")já a <inden i%+!en

ered<+n;(e'en á''a<a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)i $%ere%e(e( 8iaU)a%da?$á)ra, a);"<án;"$ ne&+n a <a)án(e a8i(a'i%<=$ára á(á''Q(a?ni9 A .rj=U$"& á'(a' &e%e(e(( .GB enne &+)reaj(á$á"% +$%Q?(e((e <ind a S%"&je(=ni:, <ind &a%a''=$ai $%á<ára a >"r)a(:*n;?&e(9 A% a88ará(=$"!a <ár "rá!!an rendQ&6'i !$+))e' !e+86'(&i'á)8"')ár", i$% <a)á( a% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a rend$%er( i$ : "%(á '+(re, <ene(!en a 8+n% +$ a &a);"n irán(i >""%:d:,<ajd <e)>+e%e(e('en +e n;"<án e'$%a!ad='( a 8""'9 A (='aj?d"n&á'(á$na "';an á('á(a(a('an %Pr?%a&ará( e'(e((+, a<e';!en a$%a!adra!'á$ a n"<en'a(ra e); <e)a(ár"%"(( *r+!en aa?dá';(a'an=' &"'( <P&e'e(9 S%a&aie(, a $%"&je( +$ a je'en'e)i"r"$% &i$%"n;"a( !e'6'r' j:' i$<er e<!ere <e$+'(+, a S%"&? je(=ni:!an, a ); j"!!an (e($%i a% =(:dá''a<ai!an, 6'*n*$enOr"$%"r$%á)!an $%á<"$ e$e(!en ); 8ri&a(i%á'(a, "); e);<á$?$a' ie);e%&e !e<en(e a% in)a('an n;i'&án(ar(: i&a(a'"!a +$ a%



i''e(+e$ (i$%(&i$e're >e);&er( $%e)e%&e +n;$%erQ(e((+, "); a%á'(a'= i&á'a$%("(( in)a('an"ra &e%e$$e á( (='ajd"nj")=a(9 Hi?&a("%á$=' &a'a<e'; 8ri&a(i%áUi: (*r&+n; $%á<á( je);e%(+ !e9A <in(a e% e$e(!en i$ *&e(+$re (a'á'(9 A &a%a''=$ á''a<" &e?

%e(i i$ á('+8(+ a .rj=U$"& á'(a' $%á<=ra $%ere$%(e(( >"r)a(:?*n;&e a(árai(9 Ne< 'enn+ ('$á)"$an <e)'e8&e, a -a);ar?"r$%á)"n i$ (a'á'nán a >en(ie% a$"n': 8+'dá(9 -indene$e(re a%Qrá$!an $%a!á';"%"(( &á'("%a(ai $e< 'á($%ana 6'*n!ene9 Benn?>en(e$, (*!!n;ire ne< <a);ar arUara(erP e<!ere e);i na8r:'a <á$ira <e))a%da)"d(a, $%á<"a' <ár a'i) i>eje%e( +r(+?P &a);"n"% j=("((a in);en, j"!! e$e(!en >i''+re+r(9 Enne e'?'en+re a"); <"ndjá <inde% (*r&+n;e$ <:d"n (*r(+n(9

Érdee$ <:d"n e%e a ir(e'en <e))a%da)"d"(( e<!ere ne< aFrend$%er&á'(: 8ár("!:' er6'(e i, ane< a% );ne&e%e(( $%"?Uia'i%<=$ F!="(( a8"$("'ai!:'9 Ha <+)i$ (a'á'=n n+án;a( a% jFde<"ra(i=$ 8ár(" (a)jai &a); 'á($%:'a)"$ $%e+r("':i *%*((,25a%" U$ane< i&+(e' n+'6' a $%er&e%e((en !e+8Q(e(( ri8(""<?<=ni$(á *%6' &a':9 -e))a%da)"dá$= <+r(+e <+) e!!en a%e$e(!en i$ na);$á)rendee' i$e!! a Frend$%erá(ad:, $"a' in?

á!! á(<en( (ár$ai+ná'9 (:'a) ); (Pni a $%a!adra!'á$na i$<e)&"'(, <e)&an a $%i)"r &*r*$ ierarUiája9 Ai :&a('an='(*!!re (e((e rá a e%+(, <in( a<ire &a'a"nnan en)ed+';( a8"((, $>e'$%:'Q(á$ra $e< "$%("((a <e) e (i("$ irán;Q(:a', a%( !i%"n;$%a!ad<P&e$ e$6j+e% Q&en <e));i'"'(á, &a'a<i';en !a'?e$e(ne á'Uá%&a e'(e((+ 'á( a':'9E%ene a );i'"$$á)"na a% e'*&e(ie% a rendr$+) $"?a$e< j=( e'9 S%á<"$ e$e(!en a $aj(: <+) a );i'"$$á) (+n;+( i$e'a'')a(ja9 Va':$%QnP, "); ai arra (i88e', "); a% a );i'"$$á),a<e';ne a (e((e$ei <inden 'á($%:'a)"$ rendr$+)i er>e$%Q(+$e e''en+re i$<ere('ene <aradna, enne a (i("$ 'i&idáUi:na a$%á<'ájára ira(:, ne< (+&ed9 A<i"r e); a'a'"<<a' a% -D7e);i &e%e( $%e<+';i$+)e An(a'' /:%$e> >i);e'<+( erre a je'en?$+)re >e'Q&(a, $ ja&a$"'(a a ne<%e( )a%da$á) <e)a(ár"%"(( (er6?'e(eir' &a': e'!"U$á(á$=a(, a <ini$%(ere'n* in)er6'(en =(a$Q("((a



&i$$%a +$ n+'6'*%e(e('enne <"nd(a e%ee( a F$%a+r(e(9Va':!anM A ne<%e( i>"$%(á$á"% i&á': $%a+r(ne !i%"n;='?(a9 -e$(eri <:d"n (6n(e((+ e' a% á''a< a'a8já!:' anna <inden&a);"ná(, "); a%(án a %$e!6!' %%á e', <in( $ajá(j=a(9

S"$%"r <+) a ne<%e(*%i &a'=(aa'a8 +$ a &i'á)!an %$"n)'rei i$(+("&a <e)'e8d+$$e' $%e<'+'(+ <ire +8e$e e%e a <a);ar"r?$%á)i F!P&+$%e9T*r(+ni <inde% a% -D7 +$ "a'QUi:$ 8ar(nerei a$$%i$%(á'á$a,$"a' iná!! &+de'<e a'a((9 139 &+)+re a &"'( -SZ- <a)= *%*(( erre ije'*'( &e%e(i i<<ár -SZ, a'i) &á'("%"(( $%Qnei!en'á($%:'a) &e$%(e$ 8"%QUi:!:' ie(e('en <+r(+!en <e))a%da)"d?(a9 Aad( *%*((6 "';an ne< i$ e); aine &a);"na e'+r(e a

20?30 <i''iárd >"rin( +r(+e(9 S%in(e i>eje%e(e('en e% a na);$á)?rend9 G"nd"'j= U$a e', e!!en a% id!en e); <i''i: >"rin( *r6'<"%)"(( e); &ár"$i +($%"!á$ 'a:(e'e8i 'aá$ ára9 E% a% *$$%e)(eá( 2030 e%er 'aá$ ára, a<e'; 3,3 > á('a) U$a'ádi '+($%á< <e'?'e(( e); $%á%e%er >$ &ár"$ in)a('an+r(+e9 Vaj"n a <ai >")a'<a?in $%erin( na);"n )a%da) >erenU%j:%$e>i "r $%á%ad>"rd=':ján&"'(?e -a);ar"r$%á)na "';an >=ra, aine e%+n i';en a(a'<a$&a);"n a=<='á':da("((W H"%%á e'' (e);6, e%e a ir(e'en

2@<e))a%da)"d"(( e<!ere ne< a ajdani <a);ar >=ra 'e$%ár<a?%"((ai, <+) U$a ne< i$ <a);ar e<!ere9 J$=8án <a);ar=' i$ !e?$%+' ne<%e(ide)en &i'á)8"')ár"9 .*%i$<er(e!! ne&6*n# %$i?d:9A n+);+&e$ "r<án;%a(i Ui'=$ &+)+re a% -SZ- á'(a' re?á'( -D7 +$ "a'QUi:$ 8ar(nerei e'&+)e%(+ a )a%da$á)i $(r=(raá(>"rdQ(á$á( $%"Uia'i%<=$!:' ra!':?a8i(a'i%<=$!a9 A &"'( e);8ár(in"<en'a(ra ); '"8(a e' a ne<%e( &a);"ná(, "); a%( a 'á($%a("(e'(e((e, <in(a <á$" (='ajd"nQ("((á &"'na e', U$a (ee(e('en$%e<'+'je 'e(( &"'na, "); ne <"ndja< $%en&ed a'an;a9A 8ár(á''a< idej+n "<<=ni$(aP$+) a'a8ján ine&e%e(( )a%?da$á)i &e%e(, );ári)a%)a(: <ind a e';6*n <arad(a9 An(a''/:%$e>ne e%e a $%a+r(i =);anU$a iri);'+$re <+'(: 'e'e<+?n;e$$+))e' $%ere%(+ <e) a &e%e(+$6 a'a(( á'': );áraa(, 6%e<e?



e(9 A 8iaU e''ee(e('enQ(+$e =(án, &a); a 6'>*'di j (='ajd"n"$irán;<=(a(á$á( &+)reaj(&a, a(a'<a$ 6%e<&i(e'i i(e'ee( &e((e >e', a<e';ee( <a)= *%*(( >e'"$%("((á9 A% 6%e<e r*&ide$enne)a(Q& +r>e6&+ &á'(a9 E"r ja&a$"'(á a 8ri&a(i%áUi:j=a(9 -i?

&e' <á$ <e)"'dá$ <ár ne< &"'( a% Á''a<i ri&a(i%áUi:$ R( e'ren?de'(e a <a)án"$Q(á$(9 A"r a% adá$$á))a' e);6(( e%e a% i)a%)a?(: n+án; e!e'!ará(j=a' 'e)(*!!$%*r in);en, j"!! e$e(!en ne?&e($+)e$ *$$%e)e+r( F<e)&e((+ e%ee( a 'e)(*!!$%*r ne<r+)i<8"r(á'( drá)a n;=)a(i )+8ee' >e'$%ere'( 6%e<ee(, );áraa(9 A&+(e'árá( a% á(&e(( i(e'ee' e);6(( $"a$e< >i%e((+ &i$$%a, a?ne< a "r<án;%a((a' e);en'Q((e((+ i !an"n$%"'idáUi: UQ<+n,<i&e' a !an" e%ee( Fr"$$% i(e'ie';e%+$ene n;i'&ánQ("(?

(á9 A );ár d"')"%:i( a% j (='ajd"n"$" >""%a("$an e'!"U$á("(?(á, $ <=nan+'6'i+n( $e)+'';e' (á<")a((á e(9 Ha a% j (='aj?d"n"$ a%ai 8ár("'i)arUa &"'(, a !an$%"'idáUi: =(án <inden *?(e'e%e(($+)+(' <e)$%a!ad='&a, e<e'( ár"n =);an, de <+) <indi)ár a'a(( e'ad(a a% 6%e<e( e); F6'>*'di !e>e(e(ne9 A% á''a< er?re i&a("(( $%er&ei ÁV RT +$ a !Qr:$á)" e);e('en e$e(!en $e<*(e'e%(+, "); a je'en($en <e)n*&eede(( e'adá$i ár!:' >i%e$$ei a 8ri&a(i%áUi:$ &+(e'ára(9

T=d=n "';an ir(e'en )a%da)"d"(( -SZ $%Qnei!en 8"'i(i?%á': <á$ &a''á$ e<!erer', ai 6'>*'di rend$%erin( i%rae'i á''a<8"')ár$á)"( i$ >e'&e((e, $ id*%!en a(a'<a$ &a);"n=a'e);6(( 6'>*'dre (á&"%(a9 /e'en'e) i$ "(( +'&e%i a <a);ar ne<?2%e((' F(*r&+n;e$en e'ra!"'( an;a)i ja&aia(9 Ai 8edi) e%ee(e<'e)e(ni <er+$%e'i, a% !i%"n; >a$i$%(a an(i$%e<i(a +$ >aj);P'*'9Sajn"$ e%( a n+%e(e( a%án 'a"$$á)ána je'en($ r+$%e i$ á(&e((e9A% -D7?"r<án;, a(a'<á( =);an a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)?arU!:' erede%(e((e, de a% ?"$"+r( ne< (e(( j:>"r<án $e<<i(9Vaj"n U$"dá'a(:?e, "); a% 149 +&i &á'a$%(á$i a<8án; $"ránarra !i%(a((á (ár$aia(# Faárire U$a a% -D7?re ne<M E%( a$%'")en( a%(án á(&e((e a rend$%er&á'(á$ e'<aradá$a +$ a ne);&en+&e$ ne<%e( n;"<"rQ(á$a +$ >"$%(")a(á$a <ia(( á!"r): 'a"$$á) je'en($ r+$%e i$9 .*&e(e%<+n;e a% -D7 U$>"$ !=á$a 'e(( a



8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$""n,20A .O--NISTÁ. VISSZA/ÖTTE., DE NE-EGEDLM

An(a'' /:%$e> +'e(e =("'$: +&+!en *%&e('en *rn;e%e(+!en(*!! a'a'"<<a' i$ i>eje%(e# A% -D7?"r<án; a<iá%e "r?<án;, aine 'e)>!! >e'ada(a a% "r$%á) )a%da$á)ána á(&e%e(+$ea $%"Uia'i%<=$!:' a 8iaU)a%da$á)!a9 E% a >ájda'<a$ "8eráUi: aár a "<<=ni$(á <á$ >"r<á!an &a': &i$$%a(+r+$+( i$ <a)á&a' "%?a(ja9 Ha An(a'' /:%$e> ne< 'enne a $%a!ad<P&e$ 'á(a(a('ana(a'"< !ea&a("((ja, a"r a%( i$ <"nda(nán 'á(n" &"'(, <i&e'Fj:$'a(a a% =("'$: $%:i) <e)&a':$='(9 A "<<=ni$(á &a':!an

&i$$%aj*((e, de e%((a' ne< e);ed6'9 /*((e &e'e a $%a!adde<"?ra(á i$9 Ha a &i'á) 'á(a(: +$ 'á(a(a('an 8"'i(iai $%ere%e(+( ne<i$<ern+n, "a' +rde%e(n+n e' a S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)+(, i$% n+'6'e i$ "r<án;?%:+8e$ (*!!$+))e' rende'e%e((W ); a%"n!an ne< +rde%%6,<i&e' (=dj=M A% a (+n;, "); Q); a 8ar'a<en(!en +(ar<ad"$(*!!$+)e( a'"((a, erre ne< ad e'' <a);ará%a("(, i$%en a n+);

+& a'a(( enne <e)je'en+$+re $%in(e a'i) &"'( $%6$+)9 Ha >i);e?'e<!e &e$$%6, "); a% SZDSZ a +8&i$e'ine $%á<arán;á"%<+r(en $"a' je'en($e!! $%ere8e( já($%"(( a "r<án;%á$!an, a?"r <ár <e) i$ (a'á'(= a 6'*n*$ "a'QUi: "á(9 A "r<án;%á$iUi'=$ a'a(( (*!! e$e(!en ); (Pn(, <in(a ne< i$ a% -SZ, ane<a% SZDSZ n;er(e &"'na <e) a &á'a$%(á$(, i$%en "r<án;"%9-ind a "r<án;, <ind a 8ar'a<en( a% aara(a $%erin( <P*di9A% -SZ &á'a$%(á$i $iere <e)+rde<'i, "); n+án; $%:erej+i) >")'a'"%%=n &e'e9.+($+)(e'en (+n;, "); a rea8i(a'i%á'á$ a'a8&e( )a%da$á)id")<á *n;*r(e'en >e'adá$á( i)+n;e'(e9 Enne 'e)>ájda'<a$a!!r+$%e a (e'je$ >")'a'"%(a("(($á) e'&e(+$e &"'(9 E%( $%á<"$ " in?d""'(a9 A (er<+$%ere%e( á(a'aQ(á$á(:' a <=na>e);e'e< <e)?$%i'árdQ(á$ái) e n+'6' $e<+'e ered<+n;( e'+rni ne< 'ee(e((9 A 8ár(a(ár"%a(" $%erin( <P*d 6%e<e "$$% +&een á( );ár?



("((á a <ár r+) $%6$+)(e'enn+ &á'( "r$%erP('en, +r(+e$Q(e(e(?'en (er<+ee(9 A% an;a)? ener)ia +$ !+r*'($+)e e);arán( &e?21$%end!e <en(e9 A (er<e'+$ 6(e<e, <+) a $%6$+)'e(ee( ie'+?

)Q( 6%e<e!en i$ 'a$$ +$ i$%á<Q(a(a('an, );$%:'&án a <=n?aer aara(á(:' &"'( >6))9A d"')"%: a !i%("$ <=nae'; (=da(á!an $" e$e(!en &a':?$á))a' >+e%(+ a (er<e'+$i 'ánU <P*d+$+(9 A n+8)a%da$á)e);e('en (er<e' 6%e<+!en $e< >"rd='( e', "); &a'aine >e'?<"nd(a &"'na a%+r(, <er( ne< d"')"%i, &a); ne< (e'je$Q(i a%( a>e'ada(á(, a<e';e( rá!Q%(a9 A <=nan"r<áa( $e"' $e< +r(+ $%á<"n9 A &a':$á)!an e%e <ár ne< i$ '+(e%(e9

-indeni e'<"nda((a <a)ár:', "); n;=)dQja$ á''á$a &an9S%á<ára U$a a% !Qr( >"n("$$á))a', "); a <=na*n;&e &a'a?<e'; &á''a'a( <=na6);i "$%(á';án +$ ne a $ajá( %$e!+!en 'e);en(ár"'&a, I)a%, ne< a8"(( !+rne ne&e%e( >i%e(+$(, de ann;i(<+)i$ a8a, a<i!' $%er+n;en <+) <e)+'(9E% a <"nda(ni F)aran(á'( á''a8"( a% );ne&e%e(( rend$%er?&á'(á$$a' e);U$a8:$ra <e)$%Pn(9 I)a%, a 8ár(á''a< a):niája idej+n1@@?@?!en <ár e);re );ara!!an >"rd='( e', "); a $8"n(án

8ri&a(i%á'( 6%e<e!' i);ee%(e <e)$%a!ad='ni a% addi) i$ >e?'e$'e)e$ <=naer(', de e%e <+) ne< <=(a((a (*<e)e$ <+re?(ee(, $ a <=ná$ a ere$e(( i$ 'e)(*!!$%*r <+) (a'á'( <=na?e';e(9 Ne< U$"da (eá(, "); e% Fie$e(( a% e<'+e%e(+!'9 A%109 +&i &á'a$%(á$"a( *&e(en <e)a'a='(, a% -SZ á'(a' (i(?"$ <:d"n irán;Q("(( "r<án; a%"n!an <e)n;i("((a a 8ri&a(i%áUi:%$i'i8jei(9 A 6'>*'di j (='ajd"n"$"na ne< &"'( $%6$+)e a<e$(er$+)e$en >e'd=%%a$%("(( <=naerre, $( <+) a% á'(a'a in?);en &a); >i''+re+r( <e)$%er%e(( 6%e<ere $e<9 Ne< U$"da,"); j <=ná$ai( r*&id ("n a% =(Uára (e((e, a% á''a< 8edi) >i%e(?e((e r+$%6re a <=nan+'6'i $e)+';ee(9 A a%ai j (='ajd"n"$" (*!!$+)e $e< &"'( j"!!9 A 8ri&a(i%á'( (er<e'6%e<e% a% á''a<á'(a' ad"(( 6%e<&i(e'i (+( e'(6n(e((+9 A d"')"%:na 8edi) <+)a !+r+( $e< >i%e((+ i9 A (ár$ada'"<!i%("$Q(á$i jár='+"r:', &a);a% ad:r:' ne< i$ !e$%+'&e9 R*&id id <'&a e%e <=ná$ai i$ a%



=(Uára er6'(e9 A !eU$a8"(( <=ná$" <ind a% j "r<án;( i? !á%(a((á +$ $%id(á a n;"<"r$á)=+r(9 A%( +$%re $e< &e((+,"); !r6*n +88en a r+)i 8ár( &e%e(i, );ári)a%)a(:i )a%da)"d?(a <e)9 H"); e% <e)(*r(+ne(e((, "); enne 'ee($+)e e'+

ne< e<e'( $e<+'e )á(a(, a% &a':!an enne a <á$"di &"na'? !e'i "<<=ni$(á!:' a'a='( de<"ra(i=$na <"nd"(( "r<án;22$%á<'ájára ira(:9 A $aj(: +$ a <+diá 8edi) !$+)e$ (á'a'á$!an$%+dQ(e((+ ("&á!! a 'a"$$á)"( a% e'$%e)+n;ed+$ r+<+8+&e'9 Ér?dee$ <:d"n a%%a' $eni $e< >")'a'"%"((, "); a $%"Uia'i%<=$?na ne&e%e(( á''a<a8i(a'i%<=$ a ne);&en +& a'a(( (*+'e(e$en e'?$%e)+n;Q(e((e a%"a(, aine "rá!!an &"'( n+6))e('en6' *r*$+)6' a? 8"(( á''a8"( &"'(9 A 'aá$, a +(&+)i á% +$ a (ra!an( <ár aine a% i$ &"'( <e''e(( e);e('en +r(+ne a *nn;P <=ná( !i%("$Q(:á''ai%iai <=ná(i)+n;' <=nae';e( (=d(a U$a $%ere%ni, );aran i8ien(e!!en>eje%(+ !e a na8i <=ná(, <in( a"); a á%(áji (er<e'+$ &a);

e);+! <=nae';en Q&6'i );ne&e%e(( <a$%e <=na >árada'?<ai(:' <e)e%d(+9 -i&e' a n"r<a"n(r"' ne< <P*d*((, a <=n?a&e%e( >""%a("$an e'&e$%(e((+ arra &"na("%: +8e$$+)eie(,"); <a)=!an >e'<+rj+ aárU$a 4? >$ U$"8"r( á'(a' e'&+)e%?e( na8i <=na <enn;i$+)+(9 ); a (e'je$en )+8e$Q(e(( (er<e'+$i'ánU" i&+(e'+&e', a"' a (e'je$Q(<+n;( a )+8 di(á'(a, <indeniann;i( d"')"%"((, a<enn;i( aar(9 A (er<e'<=na >""%"(( )+8e?$Q(+$e e''en+re <e$$%e 'e<arad( 'ee($+)ei('9A i$? +$ *%+8&á''a'"%á$" !eind='á$á&a' e%e a 'ee($+?)e <"nda(ni e); U$a8á$ra <e)&á'("%(a9 Ai e%en a "%%áá'?'á$"n &á'("%(a(ni ne< (=d(a, !i%"n; a<ar"$an a (ar(:$ <=na?n+'6'ie (á!"rá( n*&e'(+9 A i!á( 8er$%e $"a$e< <a)=!an,ane< <á$"!an ere$(+9 A $%"Uia'i%<=$ 'á($%:(a) !="(( 8r:?>+(ái ne< +$'eed(e, "); e%ene a% e<!erene a >i);e'<+(a% jne&P, de r+)i e)%i$%(enUiá!:' '+(rej*(( "r<án; >e'+ >"rdQ(?



$á9 Ai!en a%(án e'!i%"n;(a'an"d"(( á''a8"(= "á( 'á((á +$ ár?"%(a((á9A% -D7?"r<án; +$ 8ar'a<en(i +8&i$e'i aine na);(*!!$+)e a &"'( -SZ-?!' er6'( i &a':!an i!á( i!ára a'?

<"%"((9 A% -D7?!e !e("'a"d"(( F-SZ-?re>"r<ere r+)i 8ár(j= *(*di ad"$%'"8a+n( &i$e'ed(e9 -ai $%e<<e' n+%&e"Uá%a(<en(e$en <e)á''a8Q(a(j=, (er&$%erPen jára((á 'e a%e( e!'6re *'e', a% -D7?!en U$a n;"<"!an (a'á'a(: ne<?%e(i +r%e'e'+8Q(e((, <e$(eri $=?n;i$á))a' 'e>"';(a("(( a<8án;a <e)"%(a a Q&án( ered<+n;(9 E%

a +($Q a<8án; !ár a de<"ra(i=$na ne&e%e(( >ej'e(( "r?$%á)"!an $e< i$<ere('en );a"r'a( >e'>ed(e a <a);ar &á'a$%(:? 8"')ár" (e'je$ 8"'i(iai jára('an$á)á(, i$%+en;$+)+(9 Aine ne);&en +&en á( e); $%a&á( $e< i((e e', <"$( &a"n +$ <inden+(ed+$ n+'6' !ár<i';en +8(e'en$+)e( e'i((9 A a<8án; &e%+r?>"na'a a# F'ee( <á$+88en, j"!!an9 T='ajd"n+88en <e)'ee(?$en e);6);Pen an)%"((, <i&e' a ");an( ne< r+$%'e(e%(e9 );&i(á!a $e< 'ee(e(( $%á''ni &e'e9 Ne< 'ee(e(( j:%an +r&ee' !i%"?

n;Q(ani á''Q(á$aina &a':('an$á)ai(9 -á$+88 U$iná'ni !ár<i( 'ee(,+rd+$ "); +rde<e$?eW T='ajd"n+88en <+) a j:( i$ 'ee( <+) j"!!an U$iná'ni +rd+$, "); $ier6' eW A $=)a''( F<á$+88en +$Fj"!!an r+$%'e(ei( a <indenna8i e);"ri a'aU$"n;a!! >""%a(&"'( -SZ-?8ár(a("ná <"nd(á e', <+)8edi) a ajdani i''e)a?'i(á$ >6'!e$): <:d$%erei&e'9O'U$: 'aá$(, 3,?a$ en;ere(, ,40?e$ $*r( +$ e);+! a% á''a<i(á<")a(á$ $%i$%(+<a idej+n "'U$: na8i >");a$%(á$i Uie j!:'i !e&e%e(+$+( Q)+r(+ a !i%("$ <=nae'';e' e);6((9 -i&e' <inde% a6'>*'di a8i(a'i$(a *'U$*n*!' (á<")a(&a a'i) ?@ +&&e' "rá!? !an +%%e'>")a(: &a':$á) &"'(, $"an +$%8+n%ne &e((+9 E%e?ne a'i)a j=("(( e$%6!e, "); a% "r$%á) +88en e!!e r"an( !e?'e, e'ad:$"dá$=na' 8edi) ne<U$a );er<eeine( ane< <+)a% =n"áina( i$ $';"$an <e)(ere'(69 A "ra!e'i 2?3 e%er >"?rin("$ >i%e(+$e $e< r+<'e((e >e' $enine, a<e';!' a 3,0?ná'



+$ a% ,40?n+' <a)a$a!! árra ne< i$ >=("((a &"'na9Bár<i';en >=rU$a, de a% Fe'$ $%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(( "r<án;<P*d+$+(, $%"Uiá'i$ F+r%+(e'en$+)+( a >ej'e(( n;=)a(i á''a<" $aj(:ja i$ $%in(e á''and: je''e))e' +$ *$$%ean)"'(an ri(i%á'(a9

J$a a j:%an )"nd"'"dá$<:dj=a( <e)r% (ár);i'a)"$ e'e<?%ne (Pn( >e' a% a% e''en(<"ndá$, "); $" e$e(!en e%e a $aj?(:"r)án=<", !=r"'(an =);an, de "rá!!an á'(a'= e(edQ%i)'ene'á("%"(( "<<=ni$(a <P*d+$i );a"r'a( Fer+n;ei( i);ee%(e ie<e'ni9 A a%ai, de ide)en+rdeP $aj(: 8edi) e%ere i&a("%&a>""%(á a (*<e)e <e)d"')"%á$á(9 T*!! e$e(r' (=dj=9 "); a<a);ar "r<án;%a("( 6'*n!*% ""!:' e'<ara$%(a': 6'>*'di$aj(: Uiee( <a);ar"r$%á)i j$á)Qr: Qr(á +$ ad(á á( a 6'>*'di

'a8" $aj(:(=d:$Q(:ina9 A Uie 6'>*'di <e)je'en+$+( *&e(en24a%(án an)"$ i$%(+riá( e'(&e i&a("%(a rá, "); a 6'>*'d<enn;ire e'Q(+'i a <a);ar "r<án; <P*d+$+(9E%e a 6'>*'di, <"ndj= i n;Q'(an, %$id: (='ajd"n $aj(:!i?r"da'<a +$ a &e'6 $%*&e($+)e$ Ui"ni$(a ar&a';(e +rdee'(e &"'(a a n;Q'(an "<<=ni$(a "r<án; &i$$%a(+r+$+!en9A% An(a''?"r<án; e'&+)e%(e 'e)>"n("$a!! >e'ada(á( a% á'?

'a<a8i(a'i$(a <P*d+$i <eUani%<=$ 1@0 >"a' &a': á(>"rdQ(á?$á(9 .+( !a'e%e$ <:d"n (*r&+n;e$Q(e((e a "rá!!i $8"n(án? 8ri&a(i%áUi:(9 -e)n;i("((a a% =(a( a% á''aeje%+$$e'# <a):n"$Q(á$a e'((9 A (+n;'e)e$ 8ri&a(i%áUi:?"% a%"n!an >+'&e +$ );en)e +%%e' n;'(9 A <á$"d? ar<adrendPá''a<i &a);"n(ár);a e'adá$á( i$ a "r<án; (er&$%erP 'ejára(á$á? !an je'e$ed $aj(: an)"$ !"(rán;e'(+$e Q$+r(e, <i*%!en e);?re a)re$$%Q&e!!en *&e(e'(e a 8ri&a(i%áUi: );"r$Q(á$á(9 Enne e''e?n+re a "r<án; <e)<arad( a i$e!! je'en($+)P 6%e<e +$ <á$á''a"n("$a!! ne<%e()a%da$á)i á)a, <in( 8+'dá=' a% ener)ia$%e("r,a% +'e'<i$%eri8ar +$ a (e'je$ !e'? +$ 6'ere$ede'e< <e)$%er%+$+?re =)rá$ra +$% 6'>*'di ra!': 8ri&a(i%r* a 'e)$%Q&e$e!!en <ár aá(á( 'á((á &"'na a% An(a'' "r<án;na9 É88en e%+r( <inden(<e) i$ (e((e <e)!=(a(á$a +rde+!en9





$%a&a%a("( a8"((, ae'e'( <e)9 A<i <+) enn+' i$+rdee$e!!ne <"nda(:, a S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)e i$<e) (=d(a (ar(ani a% 109 +&i &á'a$%(á$""n "<<=ni$(ae''ene$ 8r")ra<já&a', n+86n 8ára('an á<Q(á$á&a' $%er%e(( 19009,

21,3^?"$ $%a&a%a( arán;á(, 8edi) (a)$á)ána +$ >'e) $%i<8a(i?%án$aina na);"n je'en($ (á!"rá( a% -SZ?&e' a a<8án; $"ránan)"%(a("(( "a'QUi:$ aj'and:$á)a <ia(( e'&e$%(e((e9 S%a&a%a(ai?na $%á<a <+) U$e+'; <+r(+!en 1909@@?re e<e'ede(( i$, !ár $%á%a'+arán;a a% á''Q(:'a) <e)n*&eede(( r+$%&+(e'i arán;<ia(( 1,54^?ra U$*en(9 A% -D7 a <ár e<'Q(e(( "" <ia(( a%109 +&i 192@93 $%a&a%: 24,53^ a 149 +&i?&á'a$%(á$""n339550 $%a&a%a(ra, 11,54^?ra %$=)"r"d"((9 A '")ia <inden

$%a!á';a arra en)edne *&e(e%(e(ni, "); a% -D7 "a'QUi:$ 8ar(nerei i$ i';en &a); a$"n': arán;!an <e));en)6'ne9 Err'a%"n!an $%: $inU$ A 76))e('en .i$)a%da ár( a Ui'=$ $"rán e(?(+$%aad(9A "a'QUi:!an <arad: (*!!$+) j 8ár( a'aQ(á$á&a' !e $e< e?r6'( a 8ar'a<en(!e9 E%( a%"n!an ne< 'ee( a "r<án;%a(i (e&+?en;$+)+ne $%á<'ájára Qrni, i$%en 1@?!an, $( 2002?!en $e<(=d(a e'+rni a% ^?"$ 6$%*!*(9 Anná' >=rU$á!! a T"r);án /:%$e>

&e%e((e erede(i ne&+n $%ere8' 8ár( ered<+n;e9 a% SZDSZ2<in(ájára ne< (=d(a "%ni a% 10?e$ 5931 $%a&a%a(á( a11,53^?á&a'9 -in(e); 1009000 $%a&a%a(&e$%(e$+))e' X459252YU$a @,@2^?"( rea'i%á'(9edi) =);an); e''en%+!en 8"'i(i%á'(, <in( a% -SZ +$ a%SZDSZ9 A 'e)na);"!! >=rU$a$á)"( <+)i$ a 7IDESZ je'en(i9 i$e''en%+!en &"'( 10 +$ 14 *%*((9 -+)i$ a% 10?e$ 4394$%a&a%a(a a @,^?á&a' 14?!en 359344 $%a&a%a(ra 5,02^?raa8ad(9 -inden '")iána e''en(<"nd a .ere$%(+n; De<"ra(a N+88ár( ered<+n;e9 10?!en 315925@ $%a&a%a((a' ,4^?"( a? 8"((9 edi) a 40 +&i) e'n;"<"(( e);á%a +$ a i( +rde+8&i$e?'e(e enn+' (*!!e( +rde<e'( &"'na9 A% 10?e$ a<8án; $"rán, dee%( <e)e'%en i$ enn+' j:&a' na);"!! n+8$%erP$+)+( 'ee(e(( (a? 8a$%(a'ni9 10?14 *%*(( i$ a% -D7 &e%e((e "r<án;"a'QUi:



(a)ja9A i$)a%dáa' e''en(+(!en <ind&+)i) i i$ (ar("(( <e''e((e9); $%á<arán;ána <e)>e'e'en >e'e'$ &"'( a "r<án;%a( <in?den i!ájá+r(9 Enne e''en+re a% 149 +&i &á'a$%(á$""n ne< +r(e

a% -D7?e% a$"n': U$>"$ <e)a'á%(a(á$9 Ne<U$a a !=á$( e'?6'(e e', ane< <+) e<e'ede(( i$ $%a&a%:ina $%á<a9 35923&"$"( a8"((, a<e'; a <e)e<e'ede(( r+$%&+(e'i arán; e''en+re i$5,03^?ra <:d"$='(9 A &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;e e'e<%ine e%""%(a (='ajd"n+88en a 'e)na);"!! di'e<<á(9 /:%an +r&ee'=);ani$ ne< 'ee(e(( <a);ará%ni9 -ajd U$a a% 14?1@ *%*(('e%aj'"(( !e'$ 8"'i(iai e$e<+n;e adna n+"):d%:(9 De err'+$!!9

Ne< er6'e( <e) a +rd+$# H");an n*&e'e((e <e) a%14?e$ &á'a$%(á$""n a% -SZ +$ a &e'e "rá!!an i$ 'á(en$ <:?d"n $%*&e($+)e$ SZDSZ, ai a a<8án; $"rán <ár n;Q'(an i$ a%-SZ <e''+ á''(, i';en <+re(e('en <:d"n n+8$%erP$+)+(, $%a&a?%:ina $%á<á(W A +( 8ár( e);6(( 29@45933 $%a&a%a("( a8"((9E% U$ane< e);<i''i:&a' <e)a'adja a ajdani @009000 >$ 8ár((a)$á) <ár e<'Q(e(( +(<i''i:$ U$a'ádi á''"<án;á(9 E); !i%("$a% -D7?!' iá!ránd='( ne<%e(i e'*(e'e%e(($+)P 'a"$$á) ne<

$%a&a%"(( ráj=9 &a); e' $e< <en(e $%a&a%ni, &a); &a'a<e'; j"!!"'da'i 8ár(ra ad(á $%a&a%a(=a(9 A% SZDSZ n;Q'( -SZ?e%&a': e'*(e'e%e(($+)e e);+!+n( n;i'&án&a':&á (e((e a<i( a 'e)?(*!! )"nd"'"d: e<!er addi) i$ (=d"(( "); e% a 8ár( ne< <á$,<in( a% -SZ e);i <=(áUi:ja9 Hi$%en a%" &e%e((+, ai a25n;"'U&ana$ +&e!en 'á($%:'a) a% -SZ- e''en%++( +8e%(+, de$"a $eni( <e) ne< !6n(e((e, e''en(+(!en a &a':!an ne<%e(i e'?'en%+i &i$e'ed+$( <=(a(: n+án; "n>i(ár$=na', a'áe' ne<re'á<"%"(( a S%a!ad E=r:8a rádi:, $e< a% A<eria Han)ja <a?);ar adá$a9 A% i$ );an$$á (e((e a% SZDSZ 8"'i(i=$ai(, "); &e?%e(i, an)ad:i, de (a)$á)ána je'en($ r+$%e %$id:910?e$ &á'a$%(á$" idej+n "rá!!i 'á(&án;"$ $%"Uia'i%<=$$a'$%e<!en <=(a("(( <a)a(ar(á$= =);an $" "n>i(ár$=na( <e)(+?&e$%(e((, de a% 10?14 *%*((i &i$e'ed+$6 a 'e)(*!! $%i<8a?



(i%án$ána >e'n;i("((a a $%e<+(9 H"); $%a&a%:ina $%á<a <+) );i$ n*&eede((, a% );an$a!!á (e((e a &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;e &a':?di$á)á(, <in( a% -SZ 'á(&án;"$ );%e'<e9Hi$%en ai a "<<=ni$(á &i$$%a(+r+$+( Q&án(a, a% *%&e('e?

n6' a% -SZ?re $%a&a%"((9 S%6$+)(e'enne (ar("((a a% SZDSZF*%&e(Q( $%ere8+(9Bár e%e <e)i$<er+$e =(án a 'a"$$á) *r+!en ne< ann;ira aU$a':dá$, <in( iná!! a U$"dá'"%á$ 'e(( rrá9 A% e<!ere i$<e?r$* +$ i$<ere('ene a% =(Uán, &i''a<"$"n, a=(:!=$%"n, <e(r:nU$"dá'"%&a +rde%(+# =);an i &"'(a ann;ian, ai a "<<=?ni$(ára $%a&a%(aW A (*<e)e je''e<!e'i ián;"$$á)aira );ana?"d(a, !ár <indeni (a)ad(a, "); ráj= $%a&a%"(( &"'na9 Di?

'e<<áj=ra +8(e'ene &"'(a e);<á$na &á'a$%( adni9 Hi$%en a%-SZ (a)a)án Q&6' $( (*!!en <+) a%" *%6' i$ $%in(e<indeni a (e'je$ ne);&en +&en á( 'á(en$ <:d"n e''en$+)e$ +r%e'?<ee( (á8'á'( irán(a9 V"'( i$ "= rá9 S%in(e <inden U$a'ád"( +r(&a'a<i';en ár á'dá$"$na +88en ne< <"nda(: "$$% <P*d+?$6 $"rán9 A )=';á$"<<=ni%<=$ idej+n ia'a='(# FU$a a /ani<aradj"n $%'")en erre ne< ad <a);ará%a("( <in( a"); e% a%10 +&i &á'a$%(á$" $"rán a% i i$ der6'(9 A <e) n*&eede((

$%á< <=nan+'6'iW +88en ne<M Hi$%en a 'e)(*!!j6 <+) +'&e%(e i$ a >i%e(e(($e<<i((e&+$(9 Ne< e&e$en &"'(a, ai $%"r"n)&a >i);e'(+ a 8"$(á$(, ne"); <=na*%&e(Q(+$re &a': +r(e$Q(+$( "%%"n9 A"r á( i 'ee((eWTanáU$(a'an$á)=nra (a'án n+6))e'+!en (e'je$ $%*&e)+&e' "'&a$a(:9 A Ui ne< e&e$e!!e(2@á''i(, <in("); a !e')rádi $%"Uia'i$(a 8ár((:' <e)$%er%e(( $%á<Q(:?)+8e$ $%">(&er( e); (i("$ 8:( ada8(erre' U$a('a"%(a((á a &á'a$%?(á$i ered<+n;ee( >e'd"')"%: $%á<Q(:)+8?rend$%er!e9 E!!e a$%">(&er!e e're !e &"'(a (á8'á'&a a &á'a$%(á$i &+)ered<+n;e9Ha e% i)a%, a"r >e'(+(e'e%e(, "); <ár a% 10 +&i &á'a$%(á$



$"rán i$ !e&e(e((+9 E%( 'á($%i i)a%"'ni a% -SZ i)en je'en($10,@^?"$ 'i$(á$ ered<+n;e i$9 .6'*n*$en, a a "ra!e'i &á'a$%(:ian)='a(>6))&+n;+!en &i%$)á'j=9A anadai e(i'a8 Qrá$a?daUára, "); B=da8e$(en i$ !e$%ere%?

e( &"'(?na);"n $%P *r!en &á'( i$<er((+9 -a)a< i$ U$a 15+&i a<eriai =(a< $"rán $%ere%(e< r:'a (=d"<á$(9 A $%er%&e'>"';(a("(( (e'e>"n!e$%+')e(+$ a'a8ján 6'd(e <e) $%á<"<ra &en?d+)'á(:i< UQ<+re9A 6'*n*$ <e)"'dá$ *&e(e%(+!en (='ajd"n+88en <inden 8ár( &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;+( e're <e)(er&e%e(( <ani8='áUi:na e'' (ein(en6n9 A <e)"'dá$ (eUniai i&i(e'e%e($+)+!en$%á<Q(:)+8e$ $%ae<!ere (e'je$ <+r(+!en e);e(+r(ene9 Lee(?

$+)e$ &"'(á' $e<e', de err' +$!!9A% 14 +&i &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;e i$<ere(+!en a 6'>*'di +$ i(( e'$$"r!an a n;=)a(iaa( e'' +r(eni $aj(: (*!!$+)e F<e)?d*!!en+$$e' ir(9edi), a &a'ai, a"r !i%("$an (=djá <i (*r(+n(9 -+)i$ a<a);ar &á'a$%(:(*<e)e <e)a$"n'á$ár:', iá!ránd='á$ár:', a

"<<=ni%<=$ &i$$%a$Qrá$ár:' !e$%+'9 .+($+)(e'en &"'( i';en i$, deenne $%á<a U$=8án (*red+e &"'( a% -SZ $%a&a%a(aina9Aár"); i$ &"'(, a a(a'"< &i$$%a=''"(( a% 10?!en ('e<indenár"n $%a!ad='ni I);e& -SZ *'+!e9 É'( i$ &e'eM Na);"ne&e$e *r*<+re9 Ha &+)i)(ein(6n a% 14?1@ *%*((i á'da(?'an (e&+en;$+)+re, a"r &i'á)"$$á &á'i ine i$ á''( +rde+!en&i$$%a(+r+$69 Sajn"$ e%e *%*(( ne< a <a);ar n+8e( (a'á'j=9 Nei U$a a $%"Uiá'i$ +r%+e('en$+) &ádjá&a' na8"n(a i''e(e((-D7?"r<án;%a( á'(a' !i%("$Q("(( +'e($%Qn&"na' dra$%(i=$ U$*?en(+$e, e'Qre$6'( ne&+n a B"r"$?U$"<a) j=("((9 A% áQ("(( 3,0?a$ en;+rár a &á'a$%(á$i Ui'=$ &+)+re e'+r(e a 100 >"rin("(9 A%,40?e$ $*r( i$ iá!a &ár(á9 .6'>*'di $%Qne$ UQ<+e' dQ$%Q(&e2ára <e)(Q%$%ere%d*((9 A% "'U$: 'aá$, a !i%("$ <=nae'; e%((a'i$ &á);á'"< <arad(9



A% -SZ?SZDSZ "r<án; a%"n!an !á("r +%%e' n;'( a%"r$%á) 'e)>"n("$a!! +$ 'e)+r(+e$e!! ja&aina 6'>*'di ra!':8ri?&a(i%r* e%+re já($%á$á"%9 S"a' iná!! >e'e'('en e'erdá'á?$á"%9 E 8ri&a(i%áUi: re'á<"%á$á"% na);"n $(Q'$%erP 'e(( &"'na

a% "r$%á) a(árá(e' e';eire e); a(a'<a$ (á!'a i>6))e$%(+$e a%a'á!!i $%*&e))e'# FNa); iár=$Q(á$M -+';en 'e$%á''Q("(( áraMTár);i'a)"$ )a%da$á)i $%a+r( e);e(+r(ene a!!an, "); a%1@?i) e'8ri&a(i%á'( ne<%e(i &a);"n +r(+e 120 <i''iárd d"''ár?na >e'e' <e)9 E!!' a% An(a''?"r<án; idej+re 'e)>e'je!! 10?1<i''iárd e$i9A >enn<arad: 100?10 <i''iárd a% -SZ?SZDSZ "r<án;iaján'á$a9 A a(a'<a$ $%á<" <+) <e)d*!!en(!!e, a >i);e?

'e<!e &e$$%6, "); a 8ár(á''a< á'(a' F!e);Pj(*(( 6'>*'di ad:$?$á) *r*$+) 22 <i''iárd d"''ár &"'(9 A 120 <i''iárd d"''ár +r(+P&a);"n e':(;a&e(;+'+$+!' +8(e'ene &"'(a e%( a 22 <i''iárdd"''ár ad:$$á)"( i>i%e(ni9Anna e''en+re, "); a% -SZ?SZDSZ "r<án; a (e'je$ 8ri?&a(i%áUi:$ !e&+(e'( a");an !e$%á<"'( r:'a (e'je$ e)+$%+!en a6'>*'di ad:$$á) (*r'e$%(+$+re >"rdQ("((a9 A% -D7 "r<án;na n+<i <en($+)+re $%"')á'a(, "); a )a%da$á)i rend$%er á''a<a?

8i(a'i%<=$!:' <a)ána8i(a'i%<=$$á &a': á();rá$a &a':!an na);<e)rá%:d(a(á$$a' jár(9 A (er<e'+$ $%in(e a'i) <P*d*((9 A 'a"$?$á) e''á(á$a, a<e'; a% -SZ <inden $%a8='á$a e''en+re <a)a$a!!$%Qn&"na' &"'(, <in( a B"r"$?U$"<a))a' <e)n;"<"rQ("((-SZ\SZDSZ "r<án;%á$ idej+n9 Ne< &i(a(a(:, "); enne +n;$%erP >"rrá$a a 8ri&a(i%áUi:!:' $%ár<a%: !e&+(e' &"'( Va);i$a% -SZ- ne);&en +&i a'a8&e(en i!á$, $( !Pn*$ ide"':)iá(:'>P(*(( )a%da$á)8"'i(iájána *$$%e"<'á$a =(án a% +'e(&i(e' á(<en?(+$+(, a (er<e'+$ jraindQ(á$á( U$a e!!' a >"rrá$!:' 'ee(e(( !i%("?$Q(ani9(:'a) ne< e); $%a+r((' a''"((a<, a B"r"$?U$"<a) (=?'ajd"n+88en a% "r$%á) )a%da$á)i e';%e(+n );$%:'&án $e<<i($e< ja&Q("((9 Ne< i$ e% &"'( a U+'ja ane< a% "r$%á) '+'e(anian)='a(á( a!!an a% irán;!a (ere'ni, "); a% "r$%á) ja&aina 8ri?&a(i%áUi:ja e'en)ede(e('en a )a%da$á) *$$%e"<'á$ána e'er6'+$e



+rde+!en9 E%%e' $ier6'( i$ e'+rni, "); "<"'; e''ene%+$( (*?250<e)<+re(e!en ne< &á'("(( i9 -+) a !ea&a("(( e''en%+i 8ár(" &e%e(i i$ U$a er$ an)>"):a', iná!! U$a a 'e!"n;"'Q(á$á(,

$e< <in( a (+n;+( c ri(i%á'(á914?re a%"n!an e%e a +($+)!eej( á''a8"(" je'en($ <+r?(+!en ja&='(a9Aár e%( i$ <"nda(nán <"$( <ár <inden+88en e'er6'?e( 'e(( &"'na a $(ra(+)iai i8ará)a, <in( 8+'dá=' a% ener)ia$%e?("r 'e)+r(+e$e!! r+$%e, +n;$%erP 8ri&a(i%áUi:ja9Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a% -D7?"r<án; a $"a' nee%e!!e';%e(+!en $e< n;'( "%%á9 S( <inden ("&á!!i 8ri&a(i%áUi: i$

'eá''Q(a(: 'e(( &"'na9 /e'en(+(e'ene!! >"';(a(á$ára i&ára(: 'e((&"'na a )a%da$á) (e'je$ "n$%"'idáUi:ja, a<i"r a !er=á%á$i ja?&a <inden +r(+&e$%(+$ n+'6' 'e((e &"'na <a)án"$Q(a(:,<+)8edi) i%ár:'a) <e)!Q%a(: a%ai &á''a'"%: r+$%+re, ai?ne a% á''a<i'a) <e)i(e'e%e(( &+(e'ára( ne< e''e(( &"'na !an?"n$%"'idáUi: ere(+!en e'en)edni9.6'*n >i);e'<e( +rde<e' a 6'>*'di ad:$$á) ia'a='á$a +$("&á!!+'+$+ne (*r(+ne(e9 R*&iden *$$%e>")'a'&aW Enne á(&á''a?

'á$a a% An(a''?"r<án; 'e)na);"!! !Pn+ne r:a(: >e'9 E%( a a?(a'<a$ *$$%e)e( ne< a <a);ar ne<%e( á'(a' $%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(("r<án;a &e((e >e'9 -a);ar"r$%á)na 14@ :(a ne< &"'( 'e)i(i< 8ar'a<en(je +$ "r<án;a9 A% 14@10?e$ id$%a"( (e'je$ e)+?$%+!en in(erre)=<na e'' (ein(eni9 A% "r$%á)"( ide)en $%=r"?n;" $e)Q($+)+&e' a 'a"$$á) e'n;"<á$ára e); "''a!"rán$ ide)en+re'e i$%"')á'á$ára $%a"$"d"((, ne< e); e$e(!en ide)en á'?'a<8"')ár$á) e<!ere +n;6?ed&6 $%erin( i)a%)a((á9 -+)a%aár=':na $e< 'ee( e( ne&e%ni <er( a% "r$%á), a<e';e(>"$%(")a((a, ne< &"'( a a%áj=9 A% a <:d$%er, a"); e%ee( ai(e'ee( e%e'(+, ne< &a'' <a);ar 'e'6'e(re9 A >e'e'$$+) 'e)i?$e!! e'e<+( i$ iá!a ere$$6 <=náj=!an9A >e'&e(( *'U$*n* je'en($ r+$%e a 8ár("'i)arUia $&ájUi <a?)án$%á<'áira er6'( &i$$%a a >"';:$Q(: !anjá!a9 E%e a !an" 8"n("$an (=djá a% Q); i$Q8"'( *$$%e)e na);$á)á(9 T*r&+n;(e'en



e'(='ajd"nQ(á$=r:' +r(e$Q(eni6 e''e(( &"'na a <a);ar"r$%á)i"r<án;%a("(9 Bár enne ne< $" +r(e'<e 'e(( &"'na, i$%en an?na (a)jai <a)= '"8(á a 8+n%(9 E%e a !anár" (='ajd"n+88en"r)a%dái &"'(a $ajá( 8+n%6ne9 -+) enn+' i$ e'i(+'end!!, ");

251a >e'&e(( i(e'e 2^?á( <inden e''en$%"')á'(a(á$ n+'6' a );ar?<a((ar(: S%"&je(=ni: 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(ine ajánd+"%(á9A<in( a rend$%er&á'("%á$ =(án ider6'(, e%( a% ajánd+, &a);en8+n%( ne< i$ !ani á(=(a'á$$a' j=((a((á i a $%"&je( 8ár( +$á''aenn(ar("((a j"?)á( >e'a$%ná'á$ána <e)a(ár"%á$ára9 A e(&ene$ +&e &+)+n,

<ajd >"';a<a("$an <e)je'eni a >e'$ (Q%e%er á'(a' 'á(")a("(( !"'?("!an a >ej'e(( N;=)a(?e=r:8ai "%<e(iai (er<+e e)+$% $á?'ája9 N+a e); e&e$e( j=((a(na a 'a"$$á)i !"'("!a i$, ai 6);e$&"'( e$e(en+n( "%%áj=("((9 -ajd na);"n e&e$e $%á<ára 'ee?($+) n;Q'"(( a 'e)"'U$:!! ár>e&+$P n;=)a(i a=(: <e)&á$ár'á$árai$9 A <a);ar i8ar $%ere%e(&á'(á$ára, >ej'e$%(+$+re a $%6$+)'e(e?e%, +$ (e);6 "%%á# a 'ee($+)ee% +8e$( &aje'&e(( $

(*r&+n;(e'en6' e'erdá'( *'U$*n( &i$$%a>i%e(ni ne< $%a!ad9 A i?(e'e% !an" na);"n j:' (=d(á +$ (=djá, "); 8+n%6e( ne< a<a);ar ne<%e( (*r&+n;e$en <e)&á'a$%("(( "r<án;ána, ane<a ne<%e((' ide)en <a)áne<!ere e); %ár( U$"8"r(jána >"';:$Q?("((á9 T'6 i$ e'' &i$$%a+rj+9A <a);ar ne<%e(e( ne< +rde%(+ <e) a i(e'e >e'&ee(?$+)+r', <in( a"); arr:' $e< (áj+"%(a((á, "); <ire *'(*((+9A <a);ar n+8 ne< 'ee( j")=(:dja e); ide)en a(a'"< >e);?&erei á'(a' n;aára 6'(e(e(( e';(ar(:(anáU$na9 A !an" (=d"?<á$$a' !Qr(a 8+n%6 ie';e%+$+ne "Uá%a(ár:'9 Te);+ (=d"?<á$=', "); a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" )a%da$á)ána &á'$á)a <ia(($%aná'( "<<=ni$(a rend$%er (=da("$ <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+ne *&e(?e%(+!en !=(a9 .*'U$*nad"(( 8+n%6 r"$$% ie';e%+$ne <i?n$6'9A $%a!ad<P&e$$+) <e)>e'e' e<!er( (a'á'( a a'á'"$ !e(e)



An(a'' /:%$e> $%e<+';+!en, ai e%ee( a (*r&+n;(e'en6' >e'&e(( i?(e'ee( á(&á''a'(a9edi) a <á$!:' ne< a 'en);e'e 8+'dájá!:' i)a%án (a?n='a("(( &"'na9 =);ani$ e'+r(+, "); 'e)a'á!! a i(e'á''"<á?

n;= >e'+( e'en)ed(+9."&áU G9 I$(&án A<eriá!:' a(+r( !ará(=n, ai a rend?$%er&á'("%á$ Fajna'án "r<án; <e)!Q%á$!:' a -a);ar"r$%á)ra+re% !anár" +$ <á$ !e>e(e( ("'<áU$a &"'(, $%e<+';e$252*%'+$+!' (=d"<, "); $%in(e <inden 6'd*(($+)ne <e)e<'Q?(e((e a% ad:$$á) e'en)ed+$+ne $%6$+)e$$+)+(9 A &á'a$% <indene$e(!en e);!ean)%:an a% &"'(, "); i)a%a &an, de a <a);ar

"r<án; +r+$e n+'6' e%( r+$%+r' >e'aján'ani na);>" =d&ari?a('an$á) 'enne, <er( e%%e' a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(en+, "); ne< !Q%?na a <a);ar á''a< )a%da)8"'i(iájá!an +$ (e'je$Q(+8e$$+)+!en9."&áU G9 I$(&án e% a a%ájá+r( a)):d: der+ <a);ar e<!er !e?n;"<á$air:' <inden e$e(!en (áj+"%(a((a a "r<án; i''e(+e$ei(,(*!!$%*r <a)á( An(a'' /:%$e>e( i$9 A%" a%"n!an <ái) +r(e(e('en<aaU$$á))a' ja&a$'a(á(, a<e'; e);!en a i(e'e% !anár" rej(e((6%ene(+ne &"'( (ein(e(, <inden e$e(!en e'=(a$Q("((á9

-a)a< i$ ne< e); a'a'"<<a' a''"((a< An(a'' /:%$e> !a?)a(e''i%á':, "); ne <"ndja< n;e)'e n;i'a("%a(á( a% F*r*'*((6'>*'di ad:$$á))a' a8U$"'a(!an9 -"nd&án# Fne< a 6'>*'diad:$$á) a 'e)na);"!! )"nd, a%( <a)=n i$ i>i%e(j69 H"); An?(a'' /:%$e> Uini=$ &"'(?e &a); U$a e);$%erPen !=(a, a%( <indenid*n($e e' <a)a9 E); !i%("$, $%áján a (i("$ ne<%e(*%i 8+n%a(a?'"< +rdee'( +8&i$e'i !e$%+'(e9 A +%'e);in(+$$e' e'in(+%e((6'>*'di ad:$$á)"( 8edi) >i%e(e(i <+) An(a'' /:%$e> d+d=n"aii$, <i+ne' e);6((9 A% *r*$+)+n( &á''a'( a(a'<a$ ad:$$á) +&ia<a(aina +$ a% e$ed+e$ (*r'e$%( r+$%'e( >i%e(+$+e% <a)a i$i(e'e >e'&+(e'+re +n;$%er6'9 +n%( 8er$%e ne< a8, de a% ad:$?$á) (eá''"<án;a ("&á!! n9A $%a!ad<P&e$$+) ja&ára, a <a);ar ne<%e( <+re(e('enárára >"';(a(:'a)"$an e'*&e(e(( !Pnei+r( a% "r$%á) ne<%e(i +r?%e'e'je!! <+) $%+8Q(e((e i$ &a?':$á)"$ ered<+n;ei(9 Sajná'a("$na <"nda(:, "); An(a'' /:%$e>

ne< +r(e <e) á'da('an <P&e $';"$ !=á$á(9 edi) na);"n i$<e)+rde<e'(e &"'na, "); $%e<!e$6'j*n &e'e9A% 14?(' a(a'"<ra j=("(( -SZ\SZDSZ?"r<án;<in(a U$a !6n(e(ni aar(a &"'na a <a);ar 'a"$$á)"( a% 10?e$&á'a$%(á$""n (an$Q("(( $%in(e +r%e'<ei+r(9 Ha'ad+(a'an=' "%?%á>")"(( a ne<%e(i &a);"n 'e)+r(+e$e!! r+$%eine er'(e(e(( 6(e?<P e'erdá'á$á"% a% -D7?"r<án; á'(a' <e)(ere<(e(( 8ri&a(i?%áUi:$ (*r&+n;e a'a8ján9 A <a);ar ne<%e(e( a (P%%e'?&a$$a', &+r?

253re'?&erej(+e' <e)$%er%e(( ja&ai(:' i';en r*&id id a'a(( (*r(+ne'?<e $"rán (a'án <+) $"a$e< >"$%("((á <e)9 E%%e' 8ár=%a<"$ana% -D7?"r<án; idej+n <+) !i%("$Q("(( a% -SZ?SZDSZ á'(a'a);"nri(i%á'( +$ Fe'$%e)+n;ed +'e($%Qn&"na'a( <+';8"n(ra$6'';e$%(e((e9 A d"')"%: +$ n;=)dQja$" reá'j*&ede'<e U$ane<a >e'+re U$*en(9 A "rá!!an a% e'$%e)+n;ed+$ r+<+8+&e' ri"?)a("(( 'a"$$á)"( <"$( <a)a j=((a((a e!!e a e';%e(!e9 A% -SZ

$%a&a%:i <a)= 'e8d(e <e) a 'e)j"!!an, "); $%"Uia'i%<=$ á'?dá$ai(, a !i%("$ <=nae';e(, "'U$: 'aá$(, "'U$: en;ere( +$ $*r(Q)+r 8ár( +$ &e%e(i "&a j=((a((á e(9 N;i'&án"$an >")ad"%?(a, "); a% -SZ a(a'"<ra $e)Q(+$e (*!!+ ne< >") <e)(*r(+n?ni9 -a)a< i$ ne< e); i';en n;i'a("%a("( a''"((an, <+) a (e'e&Q?%i: á'(a' <e)in(erj&"'( $%e<+';e(' i$9 A% +'e($%Qn&"na' 'á(&á?n;"$ +$ $ajn"$ +re%e( %=aná$a <e''e(( a <=nan+'6'i$+)<+r(+e i$ ie(e('en6' <e)n*&eede((9 A +($+)!eej( á''a8"(" *%e8e((e a% e'% "r<án; id$%aa aran;"rna (Pn( a% -SZ?SZDSZ á'(a' (ere<(e(( *r6'<+n;ee% +8e$(9 A% á''a<8"')ár" +$ a *%in(+%<+n;e e''en "';an >+e&e$%e(( !Pn*%+$i =''á< in?d='( <e), "); a%án j"ri (*r(+ne(+!en <+) a &e$%(e$ e'$,&a); <á$"di &i'á)á!"r( *&e( %Pr%a&ar"$ id i$ iri);'+$re<+'(: á''a8"(na &"'(a (ein(e(9 R"!!an(á$" *%*n+&e' (á?<ad(á ne<U$a e);<á$ +rdee'($+)ei( a !Pn*% U$"8"r(", a?



ne< a% "r$%á) 'e)>"n("$a!! *%+86'e(ei(, <in( 8+'dá=' a ar'a?<en(e(, a -á(;á$(e<8'"<"(9 S';"$ 6%ene(ne &"'(a e%e >e'?>")a(:9 A 8ar'a<en( e''eni (á<adá$ ne<U$a a% "r$%á) a(a'<i)+8e%e(e, ane< a ne<%e( +$ anna á''a&ár"$!a >e'(ee(en a a(a?'"<, de 6'*n*$en a rendr$+) (=d(á&a', ia$%ná'&a a *%!i%("n?$á) $%ánd+"$ 'e%6''e$%(+$+(, a &i'á)"n <P*d <inden je'en($<a>>ia F>i:"( n;i("((, ai <ind a <ai na8i) i(( &anna9 A 'a"$?$á) >"';a<a("$ e'$%e)+n;Q(+$e ee% !i%("$Q("((a a $%6$+)e$ *?r6'<+n;ee(9 E >"';a<a("a( 'á(&a, 6'*n*$en a >&ár"$i 'a"$$á)

*r+!en, a >+'e'e< 'e(( rrá9 -indeni a((:' (ar("((, "); e%e a 8"')árá!"r$ á''a8"(" á'(a'án"$ >e);&ere$ >"$%(")a(á$$á >aj='?na9 Ne< a &a);"n=a( >+'(e((+ <i&e' a% ne< &"'( de a% +'e?(6e(, U$a'ádj= +'e(+(9 -ár eddi) i$ e'>"rd='(, "); =(Uai (ar(:%?254"dá$a idej+n <inden " n+'6' á''a<8"')ár"a( '((e a);"n9 Arendr$+) $%in(e <inden );i'"$$á)"( a <a>>ia?U$"8"r(" e);<á$e''eni 'e$%á<"'á$ ere(+!e $"r"'(9 N;"<"%á$= a (e((+ e);á'?

(a'án rendre ered<+n;(e'en <arad(9 E $*(+( á''a8"(" a% 11?e$"<<=n"% *%e'Q(e((e9 Hi$%en (=dj= anna eredje i$ a%Or"$%"r$%á)i a(a'<i á''a8"(" $%+(%6''+$+!en );*ere%e((9Or"$%"r$%á) !e'$ rendje e!!en a% id!en $e< &"'( rende%e((ne (ein(e(9 A% id$e!! ne<%ed+ <+) +' +$ j:%an=' )"nd"'"d:(a)jai e);<á$ *%*((i !e$%+')e(+$e!en ije$%( 8ár=%a<"a(&"n(a a +( e$e<+n; *%*((9 FI$<+( &an .ár"';i -iá';=n +$.=n B+'ána, $( Linder B+'ána i$ <"nd")a((á ne< i$ (r+>á?na $%án&a9E%e a >+'e'<e(e$ á''a8"(" &+)i) je''e<e%(+ a% 14?1@?a$ -SZ?SZDSZ "r<án; <P*d+$+(9 A >"';a<a("$ )a%da$á)ir"<'á$ U$=8án a% j &á'a$%(á$"a( <e)e'% ?@ :na88a' á''(<e)9 N;i'&án a a(a'"< j!:'i <e)$%er%+$e +rde+!en !ár ne< já($%"(( a!!an i%ár:'a)"$ $%ere8e( á(<ene(ine $%án&a $%6ne(e'?(e((+ A% +'e($%Qn&"na' ja&='á$a (er<+$%e(e$en e!!en a% id$%a?



!an $e< &"'( +$%re&ee(9 Iná!! U$a $(a)ná'á$r:' 'ee(e(( !e?$%+'ni9 A )a%da$á) e''eni !PnU$e'e<+n;e <"nda(ni "r?<án;$e)Q($+))e' ne<U$a >"';(a(:d(a, ane< <+) er$*d(e i$9G"nd"'j=n U$a a na); 8=!'iUi(á$( n;er( T"U$i?6);re, &a); a

"$(a!an 150 <i''iárd"$ Fr"$$% ie';e%+$+re, a<e'; a !an i?án;á( !ár a <P*d+$+8(e'en$+) a(árára $"d"r(a9 A<i"r a% e'?'en%+i 8ár(" e);re an)"$a!!an '+8(e >e' a "$(a!an F>e'e?'('en )a%dá'"dá$a e''en, F&+'e('en6' n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'( a !an i$e!! *'U$*neir' +$%6'( );ne&e%e(( FVi8'i$(a9 E%( a(e'e&Q%i:!an i$ !e<=(a((á, de U$a a%( a r+$%+(, a<e';en a% e''en?%+e% (ar("%: r+$%+re >"';:$Q("(( *$$%e &"'(a 'e"'&a$a(:9 .i?der6'(, "); <inden 8ár( &e%e(i r+$%e$6'(e a "$(a!an i$e!!?

na);"!! Fj:(+"n;"dá$á!:'9 A'i)a 'ee( +($+)e$, "); e%( >i?);e'<e%(e(+$ne $%án(á arra a% e$e(re, a a "$(a!an e''eni (á?<adá$" >"';(a(:dnána, i''e(&e er$*dn+ne9 A% e' ne< an)%"(( de 'ee(, "); e' i$ an)%"(( 6%ene( ne< a);"(( +($+)e( a%irán(, "); e!!en a% e$e(!en n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%%á a na); ad:?$" ne&ei( +$ a% á'(a'= >e'&e(( *$$%e)e <+r(++( i$9A% id*%!en !e*&e(e%e( "r<án;&á'(á$( *&e(en a<e';!en a "$(a!an 6);e ne< já($%"(( "<"'; $%ere8e( Or?

25 !án Vi("r a% j <ini$%(ere'n* <indeni á'(a' e'>")ad"(( <:d"nF$%aná'(a a 8"$(a!an e);re Qn"$a!!á &á': 6);+(9 Le&á'("((arinU% Gá!"r( a 8"$(a!an e'n*+(, de >=(ni a);(a9 A'i) ie(,"); rinU% , aine a% a8ja á''Q(:'a) ÁVO$ &"'( a &i'á) !ár?<e'; á''a<á!an <e)$%a((a &"'na e); iad:$ !*r(*n!6n(e(+$n+'6' e%( a na); ár( ""%: !Pn*$ (e&+en;$+)+(9 A% j á''Q(:'a?)"$ "<<=ni$(ae''ene$ "r<án; a%"n!an na);'e'Pne !i%"?n;='(9 -+) a 150 <i''iárd"$ F&e$%(e$+)e( i$ i>i%e((e !an"n?$%"'idáUi: UQ<+n9 ); ne<U$a a !a'"'da'i, de a <inden !i%"nn;a'i$e!!$+)!en '+& j"!!"'da'i ad:$" i$ j:' jár(a9 -e)$%a!ad='?(a ad:$$á)ai(:'9A T"U$i?6); !ár <+re(ei( (ein(&e <e$$%e e'<arad( a"$(a!an 6%e'<ei(' a 'e)d"!"):$a!! e';e( &Q&(a i <a)ána9-e)+rde<'i, "); r*&iden >")'a'"%%=n &e'e9 Id+%%6 >e' 'e) 6'>*'di F!e?>e(e(ne9 Ve'e e);6(( a% e'"$%(: U$á':%a( rend$%er( i$9 Ana); $ie($+) *%!en <+) arr:' i$ <e)>e'ede%(e, "); a% e'"$%(:

*%8"n("(:' a% e);e$ (e'e86'+$ee% &a': 'eá)a%á$ +$ a 'a"$$á)i !e*(+$e *n"r<án;%a(i (='ajd"n" &"'(a, $ e%e e'adá$á"% a&a':di (='ajd"n"$" "%%ájár='á$á( i $e< +r(+9 A% e$e( na);"ni$ je''e<% &"'( a (='ajd"n&i$%"n;" "ra!e'i rende%e(($+)+e%9 A(='ajd"n"$ *n"r<án;%a(" U$a =(:'a) +r(e$6'(e r:'a, "); e%e a ja&a <ár ne< a% *&+9 .*&e(e'ni e%d(+ a% e'adá$i ár!:' &a':arán;"$ r+$%e$ed+$6e(9 A "r<án; =);an ne< &i(a((a j")"$='(?$á)=a(, de >i%e(ni U$a je'+8e$ *$$%e)ee( aar(9 A'=d"%á$"

e%dd(e a% á''a< +$ a% i''e(+e$ *n"r<án;%a(" *%*((9 E!!ea% a'=d"%á$i >"';a<a(!an +e'd*(( !e'e, >e'(ee(en a 8ri&a(i%á?Ui:$ $%er&e%e( <e)!Q%á$á!:' T"U$i -ár(a +$ 6);&+di ir"dája9.+$!! -SZ +rdee'($+)r' i$ "<"'; je'e <=(a("%(a9 -i=?(án a% *n"r<án;%a(" j")"$ +$ (á<ada(a('an *&e(e'+$ei $%á<?$%erP a'a"( *'(*((e, T"U$i -ár(a a%( a <e)!Q%á$( a8(a, ");i);ee%%+ a%"!:' *n"r<án;%a("n+n( a 'ee( <+) (*!!e(F'ea'=dni9 /a&ada'<a%á$á( a 'ea'=d"(( *$$%e) 10^?á!an a(á?

r"%(á <e)9 A &+)+n T"U$i -ár(a (*!! <in( @00 <i''i: >"rin(F$ierdQj!an r+$%e$6'(9 Ee% a$"n': >e'e$'e)e$ +$ na);"n j:'>i%e(e(( 6);'e( (er<+$%e(e$en ne< <en( ri(a$á)$%á<!a9 /e''e<%,"); a 8ar'a<en(!en +$e);i) <en &i(á >"';(a arr:', "); a25d"')"%: <ini<á'!+re 20900 7(, &a); 209500 7( 'e);en, addi)(*!! $%á%<i''i: >"rin("$ F$ierdQja er6'(e i>i%e(+$re <"nd?a(ni $e<<i+r(, de <inden+88en "<"'; <=na(e'je$Q(<+n;n+'6'9A 7IDESZ a%"n!an >e'>ed(e e%( a% á'Uá%"(( U$a'á$(9 H"); <i?+r( +88en # Hi$%en a (*!!i e''en%+i 8ár( e'' $e< &"'( rej(&e a%6);'e(, anná' i$ iná!!, <er( ne< e); &a); +( *n"r<án;%a( &"'( !enne +rin(e((9Bi%("$, "); &"'( *%*((6 e''en%+i 8"')ár<e$(er i$, de a%a'=( &+)6' i$ e'>")ad: e';i +8&i$e' (e$(6'e(e!en i$ "(( e''e((,



"); 6'jene9 E'+) $%+'e$ *r!en e'(erjed( F!i%("$na $%á<Q(:&+'eed+$ &"'(, "); SZDSZ +8&i$e' F$)(á <e) a 7IDESZ&e%e(ine, "); !"rQ($á i a d"')"(9 er$%e erre i(e'( +rde<' !i%"n;Q(+ a%:(a $e< er6'( e', a (*r(+ne( &a':$á)á( a%+r( i%árni

$e< 'ee(9 A% SZDSZ 8"'i(i=$ai =);ani$ &i'á)"$an 'á((á a%-SZ n+8$%erP$+)+ne a (ár$ada'"< <inden r+(e)+!en (a8a$%?(a'a(: an;a('á$á(, a<e'; a ne< +88en n+8$%erP n+);+&e$ "r?<án;%á$ e);ene$ *&e(e%<+n;e &"'(9 Enn+' >")&a *nn;en<e)(i88e'e( &"'( a *&e(e% &á'a$%(á$" &ára(: e'&e$%(+$e9A% SZDSZ &e%e(i a%%a' i$ (i$%(á!an &"'(a, "); "r<án;%a(ir+$%&+(e'6 <ia(( <a)= i$ &e$%(e$ 8"%QUi:!a er6'(e9 );&+'e((+# a% á'(a'= irán;Q("(( $aj(: +8e$ 'e$% e%%e' a na); 'án)ra

á''Q("(( "rr=8Ui:$ a>>+rra' a 7IDESZ?( a 'e)er$e!! 8ár((á n*&e'?ni9 E!!en a% e$e(!en a "rá!!i Fr""n$á)"( >e'<e'e)Q(&e i$<+("a'QUi:$ 8ar(nerr+ &á'a(na9A "ra!e'i e';%e( >en(i '")iájá( &i(a(ni $e< 'ee(9 Nee%enie( a%"n!an, "); a% SZDSZ &a'a<i';en a'= >"r<ájá!an ne !i%("$Q("((a &"'na a &á'a$%(á$" =(áni Fe''en(+(e'e%+$(9 Erre a%"n? !an ne< er6'( $"r9 Oai( ne< ne+% i*&e(e%(e(ni9 E%( ne< 'e?e( U$=8án a% SZDSZ U$>"$ !=á$á&a' ind""'ni9 S"a' &a':?

$%QnP!!, "); a 'i!erá'i$" "a'QUi:!a &"ná$a a i$)a%dá, de (a?'án <+) a% -D7 e''ená''á$á!a i$ 6(*%*((9 N+'6'6 8edi) U$a a$%a!adde<"ra(áa' a 7IDESZ ne< &"'( +8e$ (*!!$+)i "a'QUi:'+(re"%á$ára9A T"U$i 6); $aj(: á'(a'i ('aj(á$a >e'"r!áU$"'(a a 'a"$$á)a<); i$ -SZ e''ene$ an)='a(á(9 A B"r"$?U$"<a), a $(ra(+)i?ai i8ará)a, a (e'je$ 6'? +$ !e'ere$ede'e< 8ri&a(i%áUi:ja, <+)? 8edi) U$ane< i&+(e' n+'6' 6'>*'di F!e>e(e( ja&ára9 A%255149 +&i &á'a$%(á$i a<8án; $=)a'<a%á$ai a'a8ján e'e(e%e((&ára"%á$" (e'je$ <e)i$='á$a, <+) a T"U$i?6); n+'6' i$<+';8"n(ra j=((a((a a% -SZ irán(i <inden <e)'+& +$ &+'( $%i<? 8á(iá(9 .+%en>e& &"'( a% a% +r&e(+$, <i$%erin( a% -SZ, U$a?); <in( j")e'dei +8(e'ene a <a);ar ne<%e( +rdeei <en(+n)"nd"'"dni +$ U$e'eedni9 J$a &a'a<e'; ide)en na);a(a'"<



i)+n;ei $%erin( <e)raj%"'( *r!en (=dna <"%")ni9 Te'je$en<inde);, "); a% e'e(r' &a); n;=)a(r:' j*n9 A ne);&en +&e !e'+j6 i&:d"(( );ar<a(i $%"')a'e'P$+)(' $%a!ad='ni ne< (=d?na9 .6'*n*$en $%e<!e*(' 'e$% e% a% "r$%á) NATO?(a)$á)á( *?

&e(en, de erre <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9A T"U$i?6); a8U$án a $aj(: Fj:&"'(á!:' a 7IDESZ n+8$%e?rP$+)e ie(e('en <:d"n <e)n*&eede(( a 'a"$$á) *r+!en9 A(ár);i'a)"$ $%e<'+' á<='&a U$"dá'"%"((, "); e); i';en aár 8"'i(iai 8'e(;ána i$ ne&e%e( e$e<+n; >e'(=8Qr"%á$a <ire+8e$9 ); (Pni a%"n!an a &á'a$%(á$i a<8án; $"rán a n+8á<Q?(á$!an "<"'; $%a+r( $)(a r+$%6re9 Te'e>"n"n na);"n $" &á'a$%(:8"')ár( Q&(a >e' +$ *%*'(+, a8U$"'já Or!án Vi("r(,

ai $%ere(n+ <e)(i$%(e' (á<")a(á$=a( +rni9 -ajd e); e're >e'?&e(( Or!án?*$%*n(+$( +$ $a!'"n$%*&e)e( já($%"((a !e a (e'e>"n!a<a)ne(">"nr:'9 A Q&"(( >+' 8edi) <e)i''e(d&e, *r*<+!en a%(i((e, &a':!an Or!ánna' !e$%+'(9 E);$%erre na);"n >"n("$na +re%(e <a)á(, "); <+) Or!án Vi("r i$ >i);e'<+re <+'(a((a9J$a (er<+$%e(e$, "); e'e)e( (e$% +r+$+ne +$ rá$%a&a%9A <a);ar 'a"$$á) a% 1@?a$ 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" idej+n=);ane%( a <e)<a);ará%a(a('an á!='($á)"( <P&e'(e, <in( a%

14?e$ &á'a$%(á$" a'a'<á&a', de e%((a' ne< a% -SZ, ane<a 7IDESZ <e''e((9 A <ini$%(ere'n* je'*'(e H"rn G;='a -SZ+$ Or!án Vi("r 7IDESZ (e'e&Q%i:$ &i(ájára a +( &á'a$%(á$i >"r?d=': *%*(( er6'( $"r9 A a'')a(:$á) na); (*!!$+)e (er<+$%e(e$en a% e'*(e'e%e(( -SZ?$e i&+(e'+&e' Or!án (e'je$Q(<+n;+(FT"r"n;<a)a$an j"!!na (ar("((a H"rn G;='á+ná'9De a +( >"rd=': *%*(( (*r(+n( <+) &a'a<i, a<e'; a &á'a$%(á?$" &+)$ ered<+n;+!en d*n( $%ere8e( já($%"((9A% 1@9 +&i &á'a$%(á$"a( <e)e'%, &a'a<in( a a<8án;id$%aá!an (a8a$%(a'( $%+'e$*rP -SZ e''ene$, =);ana"r er$7IDESZ 8ár(i an)='a( e''en+re a% e'$ >"rd=':!an <indeni na);<e)'e8e(+$+re ne< a <e$$iá$+n( &ár( 7IDESZ, ane< a% -SZ25@&+)%e(( a% e'$ e';en9 194@9000 $%a&a%a("( a8"((9 A 7IDESZU$=8án 19259000 $%a&a%a("( +r( e'9 A &á'a$%(á$i r+$%&+(e'



,25^?"$ &"'(9 ); a% -SZ 32,2^?"(, a 7IDESZ 8edi)2@,1^?"( rea'i%á'(9 A i$)a%da8ár( ja&Q("(( =);an, de a re<+'(ered<+n;(' e'<arad(9A% -D7 $ajá( $%Qnei!en !e $e< j=("(( a ar'a<en(!e, U$=8án

a 7IDESZ?$%e' *(*(( &á'a$%(á$i $%*&e($+) r+&+n á''Q("(( *%*$ je?'*'(jei *%6' j=("(( !e n+án; +8&i$e'j69 A .ere$%(+n; De<"?ra(a N+88ár( $e< +r(e e' a% ^?"$ 6$%*!*(9 );ana"r a e?(edQ%i)'en e'á("%"(( $%+'$j"!!"'da'ina ne&e%e(( -a);ar I)a%?$á) +$ É'e(8ár(ja X-IÉY <inden ne)a(Q& j:$'a(a e''en+re ,^?a' !eer6'( a ar'a<en(!e9 Te);6 "%%á <inden 8ar'a<en(i 8ár(na); <e)r**n;*d+$+re +$ !"$$%$á)ára97i);e'e<re<+'(: a%"n!an, "); <inden "';an &á'a$%(á$i

*r%e(!en, a"' a% e'$ >"rd=':!an $eni $e< +r( e' a!$%"'( (*!!?$+)e(, a i$)a%dá $%in(e <inden6(( a% er$ ar<adi e';e( $%e?re%(+ <e)9 ); a <+r'e) n;e'&+&+ 6%d*((e >e' <a)á(9 -i&e' a%e'$ +( e';en <inden6(( a% -SZ +$ a 7IDESZ "$%("%"((, a i$?)a%dá d*n( e';%e(!e er6'(e9 Anna a 8ár(na a je'*'(je 'e((e$+';e$, aine ja&ára &i$$%a'+8(e9 A% 14?@9 *%*((i Ui?'=$!an T"r);án 8ar'a<en(i re("riája <ind&+)i) e<+n;-SZ e''ene$ &"'(9 A'i) <'( e' "';an +( +(, "); H"rn G;='a

<ini$%(ere'n* 'e<"ndá$á( ne *&e(e'(e &"'na9 Enn+'>")&a na?);"n nee%en &"'( e'+8%e'e(, "); a% SZDSZ 14?e$ 8á'>"r?d='á$a !e*&e(e%e(ne i$)a%da &á'("%a(!an i$9 E%( a an)='a(iá''a8"("( ia$%ná'&a a 7IDESZ $e<+'e *%e'ed+$( ne< <=?(a("(( a i$)a%dáa' &a': e'%e(e$ <e)á''a8"dá$ra9 edi) T"r);ár /:%$e> e%( na8"n(a $6r)e((e9 A 8"'i(ia $%e<'+'i i$$+ +r(e(e('e?n6' >i);e'(+ a 7IDESZ i$)a%dáa' $%e<!eni <a)a(ar(á$á(9Hi$%en i(( (*!! <in( n;"'U&an +8&i$e'i e'; >"r)"(( "Uán9E n+'6' a 7IDESZ &á'a$%(á$i );%e'<e ne< *&e(e%e(( &"'na !e9 A 7IDESZ !i%("$ra &e((e, "); a i$)a%dá (á<")a(:i <indene'%e(e$ a'= +$ <e)á''a8"dá$ n+'6' i$ a% je'*'(jeie( (á<")a(? já <ajd9 E%+r( ne< Q&án(á <a)=a( ('$á)"$an e'*(e'e%niT"r);án /:%$e> ja&ára9 T"r);án a%"n!an <indenár"n i aar(a=)ra(ni a n;='a( a !""r!:'9 A% id =);ani$ na);"n $6r)e(e((, i?$%en a +( &á'a$%(á$i >"rd=': *%*(( U$=8án +( +( á'' rende'e%+$?



re9 Te(( i$ n+án; +(+r(e'6'ere(a'á'(9 Érdee$ a((raUi:!a e%d(e9 A ."$$=( rádi: e);i d+'?

e'((i Qradá$a je'en(e((e, "); a% -SZ +( <a)a$ ran) &e%e(jeXa% e);i .:$án+ ."&áU$ -a)da &"'(Y 'á(")a(á$( (e(( a -a);ar"r?$%á)i Z$id: Hi(*%$+)e S%*&e($+)e e'n*+in+'9 A 'á(")a(á$ U+'já(+88en e!!en a% i%)a'<a$ na8"!an a'i)a e'' (a'á')a(ni9 E%((a'<inden !i%"nn;a' ne<U$a a %$id: irán;Q(á$ $aj(: "rien(á'á$á(+r(+, i$% a ia'a='( e';%e(!en a% <ár a% er&"na'a á(raj%"'á?$á!an a'i)a (=d"(( &"'na $%á<"((e& <+r(+!en &á'("%(a(ni9 A%14?e$ &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;ee( á''Q(:'a) $%á<Q(:)+88e' <ani?

8='á'( <e)"'dá$ $e< (=d(a &"'na <ind a n;"'U&an e';en *%&e(?'en );an >e'<er6'+$e n+'6' <e)>"rdQ(ani a% -SZ $%á<áraed&e%('en >"';a<a("(9 S"a $%erin( a F!e')rádi $%">(&er &+'?e(en a% e'$ >"rd=':!an <ár a<); i$ i<erQ(e((e <inden 'ee?($+)+(, i$%en a <indeni á'(a' (a8a$%(a'( an)='a( ne< ad"(( a'a? 8"( a% -SZ 'i$(á$ );%e'<+e%9 -inde%( a% -SZ &e%e(i i$ j:'(=d(á9 j <e)"'dá$( e''e(( ere$ni9 Lee($+)ei =);ani$ na?);"n !e$%P6'(e9 Ne< <arad( <á$ a'(erna(Q&a, <in( a i$)a%da?

8ár( á(>"rdQ(á$a9 ); (Pni T"r);ár /:%$e> e%( &a); ne< <er(e,&a); ne< i$ aar(a &á''a'ni9 A% -SZ &e%e(i na);"n j:' (=d(á,"); a i$)a%da 8ár(!an e); je'en($ %$id: (a)"%a( <P*di97e'(ee(en a%" $e)Q($+)+&e' (er&e%(+ a i$)a%dá Fi)+n;!e&+?(e'+( T"r);ánna', &a); T"r);án n+'6'9 Ee% 8edi) a-AZSIHISZ e$e('e)e$ *%re<P*d+$+n+' j"!! *%&e(Q(( (a'á'nine< 'ee(e((9A% -SZ?$ -AZSIHISZ?'á(")a(á$ &e$%+';+( a 7IDESZ &e?%e(i i$ a%"nna' >e'i$<er(+9 /e''e<% erre a% a );"r$ rea)á'á$,a<e'; ne< +88en a 7IDESZ $ajá(ja9 Ne< jára(=n <e$$%e a%i)a%$á)(:', a <e)"Uá%(a(j=# a +($+)!ee$+$ +$ a8"dá$ 'e((rrá raj(=9 V+'e(en a%"nna' (e'e>"n =(án n;'(a, "); <a)= i$ e);e%(e$$ene e); $6r)$ 'á(")a(á$( a -AZSIH1SZ e'n*+n+'9A ."$$=( Rádi: r*&ide$en *%*'(e i$ a Qr(, "); a 7IDESZ +(<a)a$ !e"$%(á$ &e%e(je Xa% e);i .*&+r Lá$%':Y <+) a%na8



d+'=(án =);anU$a 'á(")a(á$( (e$% a -AZSIHISZ >n*+n+'9 A !e$%+')e(+$ 'e>"';á$á( (+<a*r+( *nn;en <a)=n e'+ +8%e'e(? j69 Va':$%QnP$Q(e(, "); e%((a' a 7IDESZ &e%e(i a% i$<er(-i$%á(?re)+n;!' *'U$*n&e(( e8i%:d"( já($%a((á e', <i$%erin(

U$=8án a%( +r(+, "); a% e'((6 >")ad"(( 6'd*(($+) +r+$+( a2@0-AZSIHISZ ne (e'je$Q($e9 Enne >ej+!en a<in( a rádi: Qradá?$á!:' (=dj= ja!! <+'(án;"$ ár8:('á$( Q)+r(e a %$id:$á) r+?$%+re9 Aár"); i$ &"'( a 7IDESZ aján'a(a j"!! 'ee(e(( a% -SZQ)+re(+n+'9Le)a'á!! i$ a &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;e e%( 'á($%"((a i)a%"'ni9ár( $e<'e)e$ "n>i(ár$ain, ai a%+r( a 8"'i(ia >"n("$a!! e$e?

<+n;eire "da>i);e'ne j:Q%Pen <"$"';")(a e%en a 6'*n*$F!ir:%á$"n9 edi) iná!! $Qrni= e''e(( &"'na9 -e)d*!!en(=);ani$ a% a (+n;, "); e); ne<%e(ide)en i$e!!$+) i'; d*n(<:d"n !e>"';á$"'ni +8e$ a <a);ar !e'8"'i(ia i';en >"n("$ e$e?<+n;ei(9 Sajá( +rdee $%erin( d*n(e(i e' i "r<án;"%%a a% e'*?&e(e% n+); +&!en -a);ar"r$%á)"(, jd"n$6'( de<"ráUián na); diU$$+)+re9 Ha 8edi) Q); &an, a"r <a)a< i$ ); &+'e<ninU$ +r(e'<e a $%a&a%á$$a' >ára$%(ani <a)=na(, i$%en a a(a'"<

+rd+$e a 'e)e&+$!+ $e< >6)) ('6n9 A "r<án;%á$ );a"r'a(á?r:' ne< i$ !e$%+'&e9 -ára <ár <indeni e'e)end (a8a$%(a'a("();Pj(e(e(( a"%, "); <e)á''a8Q(a$$a# !ári i$ &an "r<án;"n 8ár($%Qni(' >6))e('en6' =);ani$ a%( a "r<án;%á$i );a"r'a("(*&e(i, a<e';e( &a'a"nnan, F&a'ai $%á<ára e'Qrna9A &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;ra +$ a $%a&a%á$ 'e!"n;"'Q(á$ára >e'?a$%ná'( (e<+rde 8+n%# a!'a"n id"!"((na (ein(e(9 A 8"'i(i?a );a"r'a(i <P*d+$e a ar<adi +&e%red 6$%*!+re "'; <+r?(+!en 'e%6''*(( +$ ne<U$a -a);ar"r$%á)"n "); a *%+8"riá''a8"(" aár 8+'da+r(+Pe i$ 'ee(ne92@11@9 /ÖNNE. A 7I.MA i$)a%da +8&i$e'je'*'(e (*<e)e$ &i$$%a'+8+$+&e' a 7I?DESZ <e)n;er(e a &á'a$%(á$" <á$"di >"rd=':já(9 A!$%"'((*!!$+)e( =);an <+) a á(án !e&i(( -D7 +8&i$e'e' e);6((



$e< $%er%e((9 );ana"r e); e$e('e)e$ SZDSZ "a'QUi:$ $%*&e(?$+) $e< !i%("$Q("((a a 8ar'a<en(i (*!!$+)e(9 E);e('en a'(erna(Q&a<arad(# a i$)a%dáa' &a': "a'QUi:9 E% arra i$ 'ee($+)e( ad"((,"); a% ,^?"$ -IÉ (á<")a(á$á( i$ e'árQ($á9

A% SZDSZ drá)án >i%e(e(( a% 14?@?a$ "r<án;%á$i Ui'=$-SZ?$ $%*&e($+)++r(9 A 8ár("( a n+); +& a'a(( $';"$ er:%i:<"r%$"'(a9 Ta)$á)ána +$ $%i<8a(i%án$aina je'en($ r+$%+( e'?&e$%(e((e9 E% <e)'á($%"(( &á'a$%(á$i ered<+n;+n i$9 J$=8án5,@@^?"( +r( e', a<e'; 39000 $%a&a%a((a' &"'( e);en', a<e'; a%ad"(( !e'8"'i(iai "n$(e''áUi:!an (='ajd"n+88en $e<<ire $e<n;j("(( >ede%e(e(9 -arad(a a% -SZ?&e' e''en%+i "a'QUi:!a9A% -SZ?a a &á'a$%(á$i &ere$+) a(á$ára a (anáU$(a'an$á) +$

%a&ar"d"(($á) 'e(( rrá9 Hinni $e< aar(á, "); a j: ered<+nn;e'&+)%d*(( e'$ >"rd=': =(án a &á'a$%(á$"a( e'&e$%Q(e(i, .6'*n? !*% n;aa(eer( <e)"'dá$"a( e'e<e%(e, a<e'';e' 'e)a'á!! aa(a'"< e); r+$%+( <e)(ar(a(ná9 ."ra!e'i $%:!e$%+d $%erin("<"';an >"n("')a((á e); á(<ene(i F$%a+r(i "r<án; '+(re"?%á$á(, a<e';e( e$e('e) a );%(e$ 7IDESZ?$%e' *%*$en <P*d(e(?e(n+ne9 Á''Q(:'a) <ini$%(ere'n*+n( 'e)iná!! -ar("n;i /án"$ne&e er6'( $%:!a9 E $=((")á$" 'ee($+)+( i)a%"'ni 'á($%i

G*nU% Ár8ád *%(ár$a$á)i e'n* +$'eed+$e i$ a "r<án; a'aQ?(á$ra &"na("%: (áj+"%:d: <e)!e$%+'+$e <e)e%d+$+re, <ajd a<e)!Q%á$ iadá$ára9 A% -SZ &e%e(i(' (*!! Q%!en 'ee(e(( a'?'ani a $+r(d*(( d"")á$(, <i$%erin( a% "r$%á) "r<án;%á$a "?<"';a!! d"'") anná', "); );eree e%+!e adjá9Va':$%QnP$Q(e(, "); 'á(a(a('an 6'$ er &+)6' i$ <e)?);%(+ a% -SZ &e%e(i(, "); $';"$ U$"r!á( $%en&edne +$ $"?a( &e$%Q(ene a(á$>"á!:' a% a á!Q(:$%er, a<e';e( de<"ráUiá?na ne&e%ne, a 6'*n*$ <e)"'dá$ai !ár<e';i+( ráer'(e(n+ a% "r$%á)ra9 V+)6' i$ ne< <arad( <á$ <e)"'dá$, á(ad(á a a(a'?<a( a F>ina92@2A >ia(a'" (an='(a a% -SZ?"r<án;%á$ i!ái!:'9 ne<i);ee%(e a )a%da$á) +($+)!eej( á''a8"(ára &a': i&a("%á$$a'<e)$%"rQ(: in(+%ed+$ee' ("&á!! n;"<"rQ(ani a 'a"$$á)"(9 S(



);aran i&a("%(a a )a%da$á) j"!! irán;Q(á$á&a' <e)n;Q': 'e?e($+)ere9 .+($+)(e'en, "); e); ie);en$';"%"((a!! "r?<án;%á$i Ui'=$( &a':$Q("((a <e) Bár &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;=!an<a)= i$ Q)+re(e( (e((e a 8ri&a(i%áUi:$ &i$$%a+'+$e +$ <á$ $';"$

)a%da$á)i !PnU$e'e<+n;e i&i%$)á'á$ára +$ <e)!6n(e(+$+re, de); (Pni a a(a'"< á(&+(e'e =(án e%e $"a( &e$%Q(e((e >"n("$$á?)=!:'9 E);e('en e'járá$( $e< indQ("((a9 -+) a 7IDESZ?( a(a?'"<ra $e)Q( T"U$i?6); $e< &á'( a 'a"$$á) á'(a' i$ +$%re&ee(i&i%$)á'á$ (ár);á&á9 edi) a 'a"$$á) e%( "<"';an &ár(a9 A $"r$ir:niája, "); a% -SZ á'(a' +n;(e'en?e''e('en indQ("(( T"U$i 8er <+) a 7IDESZ re)ná'á$á( i$ ('+'(e9 /")er$ Q(+'e( <+) <a$inU$9 S( a 7IDESZ "r<án;%á$a idej+n T"U$i -ár(a ja&ára e'?

$ >""n <+) >e'<en( Q(+'e( i$ $%6'e(e((9 A "$(a!an <in(e);150 <i''iárd >"rin( ián;á( i$ na);ri )e$%(=$$a' a *'($+)&e(+$!'i>i%e((+9 rinU% Gá!"r a "$(a!an e'n* &e%+ri)a%)a(:ja 8edi),<in( ai j:' &+)e%(e d"')á(, e);i !+U$i !an a'a'<a%"((ja+n(+(&+)een B=da8e$(re jár $%:ra"%ni9 -inde%( a 7IDESZ (=d(á?&a', <"nda(nán *%re<P*d+$+&e'9 A ne<%e(i er &ára"%á?$á(, ai a% -D7?re a &a':$á)"$ rend$%er&á'(á$ e'<aradá$a <ia(("rr"'(a <e), +rdee$ je'$%:&a' i);ee%(e 'e$%ere'ni9

Or!án Vi("r <a)a >")a'<a%(a <e)# FA 7IDESZ a(a'"<ra j=(á$a (*!! <in( "r<án;&á'(á$, de e&e$e!! <in( rend$%er&á'(á$<"nd&án a% id enne 'ee($+)+n <ár ('a'ad"((9 A ia'a='(Frende( ne< &"'na $%erenU$+$ >e'!"rQ(ani9 A 8ár(á''a< e<+n;<e''%+$+( e'$%en&ed U$a in)a(a((á >ej6e(, )"nd"'&án a<a);ar( <e)in( !eU$a8(á9T"r);án /:%$e> =);an <e)a8(a a% áQ("(( >*'d<P&e'+$i <i?ni$%(+ri=< &e%e(+$+(, a<e';ne ne&+( <+) a F&id+>ej'e$%(+$i je'?%&e' i$ <e)("'d"((a9 A &id+ a%"n!an ne< +re%(e, "); >ej'd+$i'ee($+)ei ja&='(a &"'na9 A &á'a$%(á$i a<8án; $"rán Q)+r( (á?&"'?e'e(i 8iaU" a <e%)a%da$á)i +$ +'e'<i$%eri8ar e8"r(já"%,U$=8án e); (ai>*'di +((ere< &e$%(e$+)e$ <e)n;i(á$ái) j=("(( e'9A >*'d<P&e'+$i +$ &id+>ej'e$%(+$i <ini$%(+ri=< (e&+en;$+?)+( $%er&e%e((ne <"nda(: á''and: $aj(:(á<adá$ Q$+r(e9 .*%+8? 8"n(!a á''Q(&a anna >e'e'('en6' *'(ee% <P*d+$+(9 A "r?



2@3<án; e)+$%e ne< i);ee%e(( &+de'<+re $ie(ni, 8edi) !i%"n;áraee% i$ (a'á'a("(( &"'na $%á<"$ +r&e(9 Ai a $%Qn>a'a <*)+'á((a, U$ende$en <e) i$ je);e%(+# A 7IDESZ (er&$%erPen $e)Q(

'ejára(ni i$)a%da 8ar(ner+(9 .6'*n*$ >"r<á( *'(*(( e% a *%(ár$a?$á)i e'n* &á'a$%(á$á( <e)e'%en9 -indeni á'(a' (=d"(( &"'(,"); T"r);án /:%$e> $%ere((e &"'na e%( a *%j")i <+'(:$á)"( <e)?$%ere%ni9 A 7IDESZ a%"n!an a "a'QUi: e$e('e)e$ 'aadá$ána &e?$%+';+(' (ar(&a ne< aar(a e%( <e)("r8ed:%ni, anná' i$ iná!!<er( a "a'QUi:$ <e)á''a8"dá$!an +n;(e'en &"'( "%%ájár='ni e);"';an >"r<='á"%, "); a *%(ár$a$á)i e'n* $%e<+';+re a i$?)a%da 8ár( (ee( ja&a$'a("(9 E%((a' a <á$i $%*&e($+)e$ne a%

-D7?ne "$%("((á i a%( a >e'ada("(, "); $%ere'je 'e T"r);ána<!QUi:i(9 Dá&id I!"';a 8ár(e'n* je'en(e((e i n;i'&án"$an, +$ (e?);6 "%%á, ne< +88en di8'"<a(i=$an, "); T"r);án /:%$e> a'?a'<a('an a 'e)>!! *%j")i <+'(:$á) &i$e'+$+re9 E%%e' ne< U$a T"r);án, de a i$)a%da 8ár( 7IDESZ &e%e((e n;Q'( 'ejára(á$a i$e%de(+( &e((e9 E% a ne< +88en "rre( a<8án; a +(+&e$ *'(?$+)&e(+$ e'>")ad(a(á$á&a' $%a!ad =(a( a8"((9 A "r<án;8ár(" +$a% e''en%+i 8ár(" *$$%e>")&a, <ajd"); ne< e);<á$$a' &er?

$en)&e &e(e((+ rá <a)=a( 'á($%:'a) T"r);án /:%$e>re, a &a':?$á)!an a%"n!an a i$)a%da 8ár(ra9 A !e'$ 'á%ad: i$ e);re na?);"!! an)erre a8(a9 A ("r);árai ""%a("$an );en)6'(,<ajd a 20029 +&i &á'a$%(á$" idej+n a <inden &+)(a)já( $';"$an<e)<ar(, e%er $e!!' &+r% "r"$%'án er('en6' r");"(( *$$%e9 AT"r);án á'(a' );aran $%aj:%"((# FA i$)a%da8ár( a% "r$%á)e);e('en (*r(+ne'<i 8ár(ja, a<e'; (*r(+ne'<e $"rán <ind&+)i)$iere$ne !i%"n;='(, $(, a% 14 +&i &á'a$%(á$""n a!$%"'((*!!$+)e( +r( e'9 A á!"r!an 'e8=$%(='( "r$%á) (a'8ra á''Q(á$á!ane'+&6'e(e('en +rde<ee( $%er%e((9 -"$( a%"n!an 'á(a(a('an er *$$%já(+a *&e(e%(+!en <inden e''ene a("((9 -+) -aU%: Á)?ne$ &i$$%a(+r+$e $e< $e)Q(e((9 A 2002 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" $"rán e'$%en&ed(e >enná''á$a :(a a 'e)na);"!! &ere$+)+(9 Ne<U$a a 8ar'a<en(i ^?"$ 6$%*! a'a(( <arad(, ane< <+) a% 1^?"( $e< +r(e e', a<e'; 8edi) a 8ár(" *'($+)&e(+$i (á<")a(á$ána





á$á( ne< er6'e((e e'9 A <+';!e <a)á&a' rán("((a na); <'( 8ár(já( i$9 Ha &a'a<i"r >e'e'('en$+)r' 'ee( !e$%+'ni, e% anna a(i8i=$ 8+'dája9A<enn;i!en a 7IDESZ 14?@ *%*((i 8"'i(i%á'á$á( &i%$)á?

'a( a'á &e$$%6, *nn;en <e)á''a8Q(a(:, "); a% !i%"n; a <a)á?"% a$"n': na);$á) 8ár(" <a)á!a "'&a$%(á$ána <e$(er<P&e&"'(9 Ne+% e'+8%e'ni, "); ne 'e(( &"'na !enne a e%e a .ere$%?(+n; De<"ra(a N+88ár( !e'$ =%a"dá$ána e'id+%+$+!en9 [email protected] 8ár($%aadá$á( *&e(en a% F"r("d"" á( i$ n;er)e'(e a 7IDESZ?!e9 E%%e' +( &á'a$%(á$i Ui'=$ra i$ !i%("$Q(ani (=d(á 8ar'a<en(i <andá(=<"a(9 -Q) a Fre>"r<ere (e'je$en e'er('e?

ned(e +$ <ár 1@?!an ie$(e a 8ar'a<en(!'9 A% -D7 i$ $?';"$ 'e$%á'': á)!a er6'(, &e%e(+$e a%"n!an ""$a!!an <en(e((e á(<a)á(9 O';an &á'a$%(á$i $%*&e($+)!e %(a !e'e a 7IDESZ?(,a<e';!en <e)a(ár"%"(( $%á< +8&i$e' je'*'(je 7IDESZ?-D7*%*$ je'*'(+n( ind='a("((, <Q) a% -D7 <a)a 6'*n 8ár(+n( i$ind='(9 A% -D7 &e%e(+$e =);ani$ reá'i$an +r(+e'(e 8ár(ja U$*e?n n+8$%erP$+)+(9 R+<'á(á$ai &a':ra &á'(a9 A% -D7 ne< +r(e e'a 8ar'a<en(i 6$%*! ^?"(, ); ie$e(( a 8ar'a<en(!' A !e>=(:

*%*$ je'*'(e!' a%"n!an <+) <ini$%(eri e';ee( i$ a8"((9 A$ajá("$ <a);ar &á'a$%(á$i rend$%er i$"'a8+'dájá( <=(a((a, ");e); &e$%(+$re á'': 8ár(, &e%e(ine 8ra)<a(i=$ )"nd"'"dá$a<e''e((, ");an &á'a( a a(a'"< r+$%+&+, n"a <a)a a 8ár( ie$e((a 8ar'a<en(!'9 Va':!an "(a(á$ra <+'(: <e)"'dá$9 A% -D7 e !ri'ián$ <e)"'dá$( a 20029 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" $"rán <+)("&á!! i$ >ej'e$%(e((e9 E%((a' a% -D7 <in( 8ár( <ár ind='ni $e<<er(9 A 7IDESZ <+)i$ !e'e<en( e); "';an n;aa(eer( &á'a$%(á$i$%*&e($+)!e, <i$%erin( a &á'a$%(á$" =(án a 7IDESZ $%Qnei!en<e)&á'a$%("(( -D7?e$ +8&i$e' 6'*n >raUi:( a'aQ(a(na9Anna e''en+re, "); a 7IDESZ <ár <á$"d$%"r &i((e !e a% -D7?e( $%: $%erin( a á(án a 8ar'a<en(!e, $%*&e($+)e$e <inden $%Q&>áj?da'"< n+'6' a);(a >a+8n+' a &á'a$%(á$" =(án9 Á''Q(:'a) a á'ane< 8"'i(iai a(e):ria, de á'á('an$á)na i';en >"a <+) e!!en a&i$%"n;'a(!an $e< $%"&án;"$9



A 20029 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" +$ ered<+n;eine a'a=?'á$a ne< ne&e%e( renda);:na9 A &e$%(e$ j"!!"'da' e);$+)e$?ne <"nda(: >e'á!"r"dá$a, anna <+r(+e ne< ('%á$ e%er?+&e$ (*r(+ne(+!en 8ára('an9 A *%&+'e<+n; =(a(á$" !ár<e';

=(a(:in(+%e( >e'<+r+$e $%erin( <a$$%Q& 7IDESZ );%e'<e( j:?$"'(a9 A 'a"$$á) an)='a(a &a':!an e%( (6r*%(e "';ann;ira,"); a 7IDESZ ); &+'(e ninU$ $%6$+)e er(e'je$ &á'a$%(á$ia<8án;( >"';(a(ni9 A% -SZ e);re d=r&=': a<8án;ára, &áda$?"dá$aira $%in(e ne< i$ rea)á'(, a<e'; $';"$ i!ána !i%"n;='(9A% -SZ a<8án;á( e); i%rae'i a<8án;ra $%a"$"d"(( U+),a<e';e( R"n er!er je);%e((, irán;Q("((a9 &e%e((e a 'e)=(:!!ir"<ániai &á'a$%(á$ $"rán a% I'ie$U= &e%e((e !a'"'da' &á'a$%(á$i

2@a<8án;á( i$9 Enne *$%*ne(en a% e);"ri "nd=á("r *r**?$e =);anU$a <e)n;er(e a &á'a$%(á$"a(9 Á''Q(:'a) a$"n': er?$%a"$ +$ d=r&a <:d$%eree( a'a'<a%"((9 -a);ar"r$%á) 'a"$$á?)ána 'e'6'e(e a%"n!an, "); >in"<an >")a'<a%%=n, e%+r( n+?<i'e) e'(+r a r"<án"+(:'9 ); a% -SZ a<8án;ána er$%a"$?$á)a $"a!an, <+) a !a'"'da' $%i<8a(i%án$ai!an i$, a &+)e >e'+<ár &i$$%a(e($%+$( e'(e((9 .e%de(( e''ene% a(á$( i&á'(ani9 );

(Pni, e%( <a)a a% -SZ i$ >e'i$<er(e, <iá'(a' a% =("'$: na8"? !an e); a'a8"$a$ á()"nd"'( %á$$a' <e)á''Q("((a, $( &i$$%a>"r?dQ("((a e%( a ne)a(Q& (endenUiá(9 Erre anná' i$ iná!! $%6$+) &"'(,<er( a%"a( a !e%P Q)+re(ee(, a<e';ee( a% e)+$%$+)6);i d"'?)"%:na, a 8eda):)=$"na, a *%(i$%(&i$e'ne +$ ne< =("'$:$"r!an a n;=)dQja$"na i)+(e, <ár a +rdee'(e i$ e%d(+ <e)?$"a''ni9 ); (e'je$Q(+$+!en, &a); anna 'ee($+)+!en ne< na?);"n i((e9 S"= e<'+e%e(+!en <+) "(( Q$+r(e((e a% 14?e$Q)+re(e +$ a B"r"$?U$"<a) 8ár=%a<a9 A n;=)dQja$" $e< >e?'ej(e((+ <+) e' a >+'^?"$ n;=)dQj?ie)+$%Q(+$(92@5A 19000 7ORINTOS GZELE-A% -SZ a<8án; <ened%$erei ne< (=dni R"n er!er (anáU$ára, &a); an+'6' e'<+$ <e)"'dá$( 8r"d=á'(a9 -e)ir?de((+ a% Fe'$ $%á% na8 Q)+re(i 8r")ra<já(9 .+($+)!e&"na(a('an



a(ár"%"(($á))a' !i%"n;)a((á, "); a% 0^?"$, e$e(en+n( <+)enn+' i$ <a)a$a!! !+re<e'+$e +$ ai?

%e(+$re er6'9 E%%e' a 'e)!i%("$a!! $%a&a%:a( a n;=)dQja$"a(e); U$a8á$ra <e));%(+9S%ána'<a$ &"'( <+) n+%ni i$, a<in( $" e$e(!en !e(e) n;=)?dQja$" na); i);ee%e((e' $ie((e a $%a&a%:e';i$+)e >e'+, "); !i%("$Q($á <a)=na a 19000 7(?"$ Fjdá$8+n%(9Enne 'e(( a *&e(e%<+n;e, "); 5 > n;=)dQja$ a $%a&a%:?e';i$+)!en, &a); a% "da &e%e( ("n 'e'(e a'á'á(9 A%( i$%e< e%(i$ a% e);edi 8+'dá"% $"r"'a(j=9

-indene$e(re a 20029 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$ a<8án; idejea'a(( -a);ar"r$%á) a% i';en"r $%"á$"$ná' i$ na);"!! <+r(+!en&á'( a% Q)+re( >*'dj+&+9 Ee% +8e$( a% :"ri .ánaán &a);i$ I%ra?e' ie('en $%e)+n; 8=$%(a$á) &"'( U$=8án9A !i%("$na (Pn Q)+re(e 'á(a(:an <e)(e((+ a(á$=a(9 A%1@?a$ r+$%&+(e'i arán; ,25^?a e';e(( e%((a' a $%a&a%á$ra j"?)"$='(a, a n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%"(( &á'a$%(á$i ada(" $%erin(, 51^? !an jár='(a a% =rná"%9 E% !i%"n; j: 1^ (*!!'e(e( <=(a(9 Ér?

dee$ <:d"n e!!' a% -SZ U$a a'i) 10^ (*!!'e($%a&a%a("( a? 8"((9 A <a)a$ r+$%&+(e'i arán; <ia(( a $%á%a'+"$ ered<+n; er?$en ("r%Q(, <er( a &a':$á)!an a% -SZ U$=8án 1900 $%a&a%a((a'a8"(( (*!!e(, <in( a 7IDESZ9 E% 8edi) a'i) 1 ^9 E!!' a% a *?&e(e%(e(+$ &"na(: 'e, "); a F100 na8"$ Q)+re(e n+'6' a%-SZ $';"$ &ere$+)e( $%en&ede(( &"'na a 7IDESZ?$e' $%e<!en9E% a (+n; "<"'; )"nd"'"dá$ra e'', "); +$%(e$$e a% -SZ&e%e(i(9A &e'e $%*&e($+)e$ SZDSZ 8edi) a 8ar'a<en(i 6$%*! a(árá?ra U$$%"(( &i$$%a9 A rea'i%á'( ,^ U$=8án e); $%á%ad $%á%a'+?a' a'adja <e) a -IÉ 1@?a$ ered<+n;+(9 E% <+) a"r i$2@@r"<': (endenUiá( je'e%, a a $%a&a%: $%á<á( a$"n'Q(j= *$$%e9A% 1@?a$ 3940 > e';e(( 2002?!en 311930?9ra U$*en(9A !a'"'da' );%e'<e (eá( ne< ne&e%e( >rene(i=$na9 A



j"!!"'da'i $%a&a%: <+)i$ rendQ&6' U$a':d"((a, $ 'á(a(:an ne<(=dna !e'en;=)"dni a ia'a='( e';%e(!e9 Vá'a$%(á$i U$a'á$r:' !e$%+'ne9 .*&e(e'i a $%a&a%a(" jra$%á<'á'á$á(9 .+($+)(e'en(+n;, "); (*!! <in( e%er !ead&án; +re%i a% "r$%á)"$ &á'a$%(á$i

!i%"(($á)"% i$e!!?na);"!! &á'a$%(á$i U$a'á$ );anjár:'9 E% a);an U$a er$*di a% Or$%á)"$ Vá'a$%(á$i Bi%"(($á) a");ana 8ana$%"$" <"ndjá );an$ "%%áá''á$án9 S%in(e 8i''ana(" a'a(( &+'e(en <inden &i%$)á'a( n+'6' =(a$Q(ja e' &a'a<enn;ii>")á$(9 A% i';en $%+'e$*rP >e'á!"r"dá$"n a'a8=': !ead&án;" &a':!an <e)+rde<e'(+ &"'na, "); a'a8"$a!!an =(ánan+%%ene a 8ana$%" <i!en'+(+ne9 Enne ián;á!an $%in(e <inden j"!!?"'da'"% %: &á'a$%(:8"')ár, <+) a% i$, ai "rá!!an +(e'ede((

a U$a'á$" 'ee($+)e$ &"'(á!an, inni e%d(e &a'a+' +& e'<'(á&a' n;i'&án"$$á)ra i$ "%"(( !i%"n;"$ a"r j:&áa);"(( &á'a$%(á$i $%a!á';(a'an$á)"(9 Enne e''en+rea &+)ered<+n;( =(:'a) $eni $e< +rdje'e%(e <e)9 -+) a 7I?DESZ SE-9 edi) e% a !ei$<er+$ e'e)end " 'ee(e(( &"'na j&á'a$%(á$" iQrá$ára9

A 7IDESZ &e%e(i +'6*n Or!án Vi("rra' ne< +rdje?'e%(+ <e) a &á'a$%(á$" ered<+n;+(, anna 'e!"n;"'Q(á$á(9 Or? !án Vi("r $ie(e(( i$ )ra(='á'ni -ed);e$$; +(erne9);ana"r Or!án Vi("r na); $%"r)a'"<<a' i);ee%e(( !e? 8:("'ni a% e'$ >"rd=': e'(( e'an;a)"'( a<8án;á(9 Na8"n(a +(?ár"< (e'e86'+$en i$ (ar("(( a<8án;);P'+$(, 'á(a(:an ered<+?n;e$en9 A );P'+$ein r+$%(&e& $%á<a <inden e$e(!en je'en($&"'(9 A 7IDESZ &e%e(+$+!en <e)'+& 'á(en$ e''en(+(e e%((a'<ár 'á(a(: >"r<á( *'(*((e9 Or!án( ne< Q$+r(e +$ (á<")a((a a>e'$!! &e%e(+$ e);e('en (a)ja $e<9 J$=8án n+án; a<8án;?<ened%$er &"'( 'á(a(: a (ár$a$á)á!an9 Ne< i)en 'ee(e(( 'á(ni a+( &á'a$%(á$i >"rd=': *%*(( a 7IDESZ e'$ &"na'!e'i &e%e(i( a%"r$%á) <á$ &id+ein $e< er(e'je$ a<8án;( >"';(a(ni9Or!án Vi("r <e) &"'( r:'a );%d&e, "); a <á$"di >"r?d=':!an <+) &i$$%a$%ere%e(, a"rd=':!an e'&e$%e((9



2@A%%a' +r&e'(, "); 1@?!an $"a' na);"!! &"'( a 6'*n!$+) a%-SZ +$ a 7IDESZ e'$ >"rd=':$ ered<+n;+!en, a <á$"di >"r?d=':( <+)i$ <e) (=d(a n;erni9 J$a"); a"r rende'e%+$+re á''(

e); er$ .i$)a%da ár( a (e'je$ $%a&a%: !á%i$á&a'9 E%( a !i%("$$%a&a%: (*<e)e( a 7IDESZ a% -SZ $e)Q($+)+&e' "r<án;%á$á?na n+); +&e a'a(( a i$)a%da 8ár( &e%e(+$+n ere$%(6' >e'<"r?%$"'(a9 I)a% =);an, "); a i$)a%da $%a&a%: ('n;"<: (*!!$+)e); i$ a 7IDESZ?re $%a&a%"((, i$% n+'6'6 a'i)a n*&eede((&"'na $%a&a%:ina $%á<a (*!!, <in( e);<i''i:&a' 1@?"% +? 8e$(9 A% -D7 $%*&e($+) ne< $" $%a&a%a("( "%"(( a "n;ára9 A<a)a$ r+$%&+(e'i arán; a%"n!an 'er"n("((a a 7IDESZ +($+)(e'e?

n6' <e)n*&eede(( n+8$%erP$+)+(9-ind a 7IDESZ, <ind a% -SZ 1@?2002 *%*((i id$%a? !an (a8a$%(a'a(: 8ár(8"'i(iai F<P&e'e(ei ne< i)en a);(a +'(?$+)e( a%irán(, "); a <a);ar (ár$ada'<a( +(8:'=$ 8"'i(iai a?(a'"< &á'(:)a%dá'"dá$a >e'+ i);ee%ne (ere'ni9 A 7IDESZ);Pj(8ár((á a'a='á$a, a% -D7, a .DN +$ a% -DN $"r"%a("$$aj(:!"(rán;!a rán)a(á$á&a' e% a U+' <e)&a':$='ni 'á($%"((9 E!!'U$a a% SZDSZ (=d(a a n;aá( i%ni a% ,^?"$ ered<+n;+?

&e'9 Bár a% -D7 a &á'a$%(á$" =(án +'( a ia'=d"(( 'ee($+)+&e'+$ 6'*n >raUi:( a'aQ("((9 E%%e' a 8ar'a<en( =);an n+); 8ár(i&á&á'(, de a +( 8:'=$ ); i$ <e)&a':$='(9 A Fn+);>+'e 8ár( <ár a6'*n!*%$+) 6'$ 'á($%a(á( i$ a'i) e'(i9Or!án Vi("rna a +( &á'a$%(á$i >"rd=': *%*((i, <"nda(niF<a)ána<8án;a, <+) iná!! anna na); +rde'd+$( i&á'(:a(á$a "<"';an <e)'e8(e a% -SZ &e%e(i(9 -inden6((, a"'+$!! i$ <e)je'en(, na); '+($%á< a'')a(:$á) &"'( Q&ánU$i<"ndand:jára9 A !=da8e$(i ."$$=( (+ri na););P'+$en (*!!, <in(<á$>+'<i''i: e<!er );P'( *$$%e9 Ne< (=dni &"'(?e e);6(( enn;ie<!er &a'aa i$ 8ár($%i<8á(ia );P'+$enW -+) a% 1?"$ ."$?$=(?(+ri >e'&"n='á$ r+$%(&e&i $e< &"'(a i';en $"an9 A an)='a( !i%"n; "a' &"'( >"rrada'<ina ne&e%e(9 Ne< $" !i%(a(á$e''e(( &"'na a% er$%a e'$%a!ad='á$á"%9-ed);e$$; +(er, a% -SZ <ini$%(ere'n* je'*'(je ne< &+?



'e('en6' 8+'dá':%"(( a%%a', "); Fa% ( arra &a':, "); *%'eedje?ne raj(a9A <á$"di &á'a$%(á$i >"rd=':!an a 7IDESZ +($+)(e'en6' je?'en($ ered<+n;( +r( e', de >"rdQ(ani <ár ne< (=d"((9 A% -SZ?

20SZDSZ e);6((e$ >*'+n;e i)a% U$a n+án; +8&i$e'&e' <e)?<arad(9 A !a'?'i!erá'i$ "a'QUi: 8ar'a<en(i e''en%+e a% -D7*ná'': >raUi:&á a'a='á$á&a' ("&á!! );en)6'(9 V"'( <ár rá 8+'da,"); a <a)á( j"!!"'da'i e''en%+ne de'ará': -D7 a% -SZ?&e' $%a&a%"(( a 8ar'a<en(!en9A &á'a$%(á$"a( *&e(en a 7IDESZ i$ a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(e((e,<in(a <a)a i$ &á'a$%(á$i U$a'á$( $ej(ene9 ); (Pni a%"n!an,

"); e% a <a)a(ar(á$ U$=8án a U$a':d"(( &á'a$%(: >e'+ <=(a("(()e$%(=$9 Ha =);ani$ e% a +(e'; !enne >e'<er6'(, a"r a%( n;i'&ána +( &á'a$%(á$i >"rd=': idej+re da(á'a(j=9 A"r 8edi) <+) aa(a'"< !ir("á!an '+& 8ár(na 'ee($+)e 'e(( &"'na a &á'a$%(á?$" >e'6'&i%$)á'a(ára, &a); aár a >e'>6))e$%(+$+re, &+)$ e$e(!en 8edi) a <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+re in(+%ednie9 Hi$%en a &á'a$%(á$" 'e? !"n;"'Q(á$á( &+)$ $"r"n a Be'6);<ini$%(+ri=< >e'6);e'i9 );an?a"r a% arra i''e(+e$ !Qr:$á) ne< <er(e &"'na a &a':!an !i%"?

n;Q(a(: U$a'á$ 'e)i$e!! je'ei( $e< >i);e'<en Q&6' a);ni, i?$%en i(( <ár a ne<%e(*%i >i);e'e< i$ ráirán;='9 De &+)$ e$e(!enaár e); rendQ&6'i !Qr:$á) >e'á''Q(á$ára i$ 'ee($+)e 'e(( &"'na,i%ár:'a) a &á'a$%(á$" (*r&+n;e$$+)e <e)Q(+'+$+re9 De a 7IDESZe%( ne< (e((e9 Anna e''en+re $e<, "); 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(i *%*(($%á<"$ j")á$%( (a'á'=n9 in(+r Sánd"r !e'6);<ini$%(er a 8ar'a?<en(!en ije'en(e((e, "); a &á'a$%(á$ (*r&+n;e$ +$ (i$%(a &"'(9edi) <ár a &á'a$%(á$ e'$ >"rd=':jána <á$na8ján 'ee(e(( "';anan)"a( a''ani, "); a% -SZ *%8"n(i a<8án; ir"dájána $%á<Q(:)+8ei( *$$%e*(*((+ a% Or$%á)"$ Vá'a$%(á$i Bi%"(($á)*%8"n(i $%a&a%a($%á<'á': $%á<Q(:)+8?rend$%er+&e'9 -"nd&án#FNe"); a $%a&a%a($%á<'á'á$!an U$a'á$ (*r(+njen9.*%&e('en6' e); id!en Q&án(á a $%á<'á'á$ ada(ai( +$%'e'ni+$ r*)%Q(eni9 Ne< e&+$ $%á<Q(á$(eUniai $%ae<!er(' a''"(?(a<, "); e% a FráU$a('a"%á$ "';an (*+'e(e$re $ier6'(, "); a



<e);+!' +$ B=da8e$( er6'e(ei!' +re% $%á<'á'á$i ada(" a%-SZ $%á<Q(:)+8ein ere$%(6' j=("((a a Vá'a$%(á$i Bi%"(($á) i?&a(a'"$ $%á<'á': rend$%er+!e9Enn+'>")&a a &+)$ ada(" a'a='á$ána <ani8='á'á$a e%en a

<e)e'%, á(!"U$á(: rend$%eren ere$%(6' <e)'ee($en e);$%erP&"'(, &a); 'ee(e((9 E!!en i(e'( +rde<'en n;i'a("%ni n;i'&ánU$a a%" a $%á<Q(:)+8?$%a+r( (=dnána, ai a )+8ee( *$%?$%e$%ere'(+ +$ 6%e<e'(e((+921Aár"); i$ &"'(, a% e'%<+n;e, aár a &a':$á)"$ n+8an?)='a(, aár a *%&+'e<+n; =(a(: in(+%e(e $%in(e e);$+)e$ne <"nda(: Fj:$'a(ai e''en(<"nd"(( a !e*&e(e%e(( ered<+n;e?

ne9 O';ann;ira, "); <e)a'a8"%"((na 'á($%"(( a% a >e'(+(e'e%+$,"); i(( &a'a<i';en !ea&a("%á$ (*r(+ne(e((9 Ne< 6'*n!en a &+'( &a); &a':$ $%a&a%a($%ed +$ e';i$%á<'á'á$"r:' +re% !eje'en(+$e <inden i&i%$)á'á$ n+'6'i<aaU$ e'=(a$Q(á$a9 A% -SZ &e%e(+$e i$ <aaU$=' e''ene%(e a 'e?ad"(( $%a&a%a(" !ár<ine<P jra$%á<'á'á$á(9 E%%e' a U$a'á$ );a?nja ("&á!! er$*d*((9A 2002?!en <e)(ar("(( $%i *n"r<án;%a(i &á'a$%(á$"

ered<+n;e, a<e'; =);anU$a a% -SZ <a$$%Q& );%e'<+&e'&+)%d*((, n+<i'e) en;Q(e((e a% -SZ?re irán;=': &á'a$%(á$iU$a'á$" );anjá(, de <e)$%6n(e(ni ne< (=d(a9E%en a% *n"r<án;%a(i &á'a$%(á$"n e);+!+n( a <a);ar &á?'a$%(:*%*n$+) i)en >=rU$a je'en$+)ne &"'( (anja9 E% 8edi) a !=da8e$(i >8"')ár<e$(er &á'a$%(á$9 A 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" );%(e$e a% -SZ "a'QUi:$ $%*&e($+)re +n;$%er6'( a% +88enU$a 8ar'a<en(!e j=("(( SZDSZ?$%e'9A% ,^?"$ 8ár( i i$ a$%ná'(a e';%e(+(9 N+); <ini$%(erie';e( U$iar( i a% -SZ?(', a8"')ár<e$(eri $%+e( i$9 Enne á(adá$i <:d$%ere $e< (ar("%i a $%"&án;"$ e$e(e *%+9 -i&e' a%-SZ 'e)na);"!! );%e'<+( +88en B=da8e$(en ara((a, n;i'&ánne< (ee((e <e), 'e)a'á!!i$ ne< 'e(( &"'na !*'U$ d"'") <e)(enni,



"); ne< indQ( >8"')ár<e$(er?je'*'(e(9);ana"r e%( a 8"%QUi:( <ár >+' +&&e' "rá!!an e'ad(a9Enne <e)>e'e'en e); );en)+!! >aj$'; 8"'i(i=$á( indQ("((a,=);ana"r (i("!an a% SZDSZ je'*'(je ja&ára a<8án;"'(9 /"))a'

<"nda(j=, "); e% a <:d$%er a de<"ra(i=$ &á'a$%(á$i $%+de'?)+$ i$"'a8+'dájá( n;j("((a9De<$%; Gá!"r ); 'e(( ne);edi Ui'=$ra i$ B=da8e$( >8"'?)ár<e$(ere9A'a8"$ "=n &an <e)á''a8Q(ani a <a);ar"r$%á)i 8"'i(iaie'i( er*'U$i %6''+$+ne 'e)<+';e!! 8"n(jára j=(9 De a%+r( ee% a !=da8e$(i $%a&a%: i$ e''e((e922

Ha 7IDESZ "r<án;%á$ U$a n+án; je'en($ne <"nda(:in(+%ed+$+( &e$$%6 a'a8=', a% <ár *n<a)á!an i$ i)a%"'ja, ");<P*d+$e a 'a"$$á) e)+$%+( (ein(&e ered<+n;e$e!! +$ ie);en?$';"%"((a!! &"'( a <e)e'% -SZ?SZDSZ "r<án;%a(i (e&+?en;$+)+ne9I';enne &"'( <"nda(: a (andQja e'(*r'+$e, a diái(e'?rend$%er !e&e%e(+$e, a na);"n ed&e%<+n;e$ a<a("%á$ 'aá$?+8Q(+$i +$ &á$ár'á$i i(e'e n;j(á$a, a <ini<á'!+re (*!!, <in(

d=8'ájára e<e'+$e9 A n;=)dQja in>'áUi:( <e)a'ad: ie);en$?';"%"(( >"';a<a("$ e<e'+$e9 A 'a"$$á) <inden r+(e)e +re%e((e+'e($%Qn&"na'a &a'a<i';en <+r(+P ja&='á$á(9 Ér(e(, "); e!!'a >ia(a'" e';%e(e i$%en a >ia(a'" +rdeei( +8&i$e' 8ár( j=?("(( a(a'"<ra a% á('a)"( <e)a'ad:an ja&='(9 A *%+8"rne<%ed+ne, a >ia(a'" $%6'eine a'i)a ad:d"(( "a "r<án;?&á'(á$ "Uá%a(ára9 -+)8edi) a nadrá)$%Qj <e)%á$ár:' i$<er( 8"'i(iai 8ár( a(a'"<ra $e)Q(+$+&e'9 O(( &"'( a%"n!an a n;=)dQja?$", a !i%("$ $%a&a%: e);re !&6' (á!"ra, ai =);anU$a e'?n;+( +'&e%e((+ a >ia(a'" "r<án;%á$ána, de (a'án ne< "';an<+r(+!en, <in( a >ia(a'a!! ne<%ed+9 Bár<i!e er6' i$ e(, e''<e)U+'"%ni )"nd"'(á a% -SZ &e%e(i9 A%( i$ (=d(á ee%'á(&án;"$a!! Q)+re(ere &an $%6$+), <in( a% 1@?a$ &á'a$%(á$ia<8án;!an a'a'<a%"(( =(a%á$i ed&e%<+n;e i(erje$%(+$e9 An;=)dQja$" ('n;"<: (*!!$+)e =);ani$ a'i) =(a%i 6'*n*$en



&id+en9 Nei 8+n%re &an $%6$+)e, a<e'';e' a );:);$%er +$ 'a?á$*%<P&eine $%á<'ái( e'' i>i%e(nie9 A%( $e< ár( (=dni, ");a n;=)dQja$" na); (*!!$+)e i$n;=)dQja$, aine a% e);re n*?&e& );:);$%erára, a )á% +$ &i''an;ára<, &a'a<in( a &Q%dQj i>i?

%e(+$e !i%"n; )"nd"( ""%9 .6'*n*$en i)a% e% a% e);ed6'á'':n;=)dQja$"ra9 G;er<eei á'(a'á!an ne< rende'e%ne a"ra 'a?á$$a', "); <a)="% &ee(n+ e(, ); +n;(e'ene e);re $%e?r+n;e!! *r6'<+n;e *%*(( +'ni9 Sajn"$ a% i$ i)a%, !ár<i';enna);"!! (ár$ada'e'i$<erni a% "r$%á) )a%da$á)i 'ee($+)ei(,

a )a%da$á) &a': á''a8"(á(, "); a!!:' <e)>e'e' *&e(e%(e(+$e?e% j=$$"n9 .i%ár:'a) a 19000 >"rin( !P&*'e(+!en )"nd"'"d"((9A !i!'iai a$"n'a("( i$$+ á(a'aQ(&a e'ad(a $%a&a%a(á( e); (á' 'en?23U$++r(9 A% <ár >e' $e< <er6'( !enne, "); e%( a% e); (á' 'enU$+(+88en a% =n"ái(:' &e((+, &a); &e$%i <ajd e'9A "%%á+r(+$$e' a'i)a &ád"'a(: F8"'i("':)=$" <ár a &á?'a$%(á$( *&e( e'$ na8"!an <e)e%d(+ Fe'e<e%ni +$ >"';(a(?

já <+) na);"n $"ái), "); <i+r( i$ &e$%(e((e e' a 7IDESZ a2002 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$"a(9 Ér&ei, <+) a i)a%a i$, U$a <á$"d?$( ar<adrendPene (ein(e(9 Se<<i+88en ne<&"'(a "ai a &á'a$%(á$" e'&e$%(+$+ne9A% e$e<+n;ee( +$ a &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;( (ár);i'a)"$an >i?);e', <+) a e&+$!+ (áj+"%"(( e<!er i$ a%"nna' >e'i$<er(e a%-SZ?);%e'e< i)a%i "ai(9 Érdee$ <:d"n <+) a 'e)iná!!ár&a''"(( >ia(a'" i$9 ne< i$ *n(*r>a'a%(a9 .i<"nd(á <a)?&a$ &+'e<+n;6e(# FA% *re)e e'ad(á a j*&ne(M Bi%"n; a &á?'a$%(á$"a( *&e( n+án; :na8!an >ia(a'" (ár$a$á)á!an ne<&"'( na); *r*< n;=)dQja$na 'enni9 -+) e&+$!e i>eje%ni *r*?<+( a F<e)n;er( 19000 7( >e'e((9 -a)a< i$ =(a%(a< >ia(a'" *?%*(( a=(:!=$%"n, a"' <a <ár 6'*n!en $e< );a"ri ije'en(e(?(+# FN;=)dQja$na ne< adjá á( a e';6e(9 S';"$, de i)a%$á?)"$na <"nda(: Q(+'e( e% a n;=)dQja$" >e'+, <+) a"r i$, a



<indeni( e); a'a8 a'á &e$%ne, 8edi) i&+(e' a%+r( a ne< i$ je'en($ aad( *%*((6 i$9-e)d*!!en(, "); a 7IDESZ &e%e(+$e a 19000 >"rin("$n;=)dQja$"na $%:': -SZ?$ aján'a("( enn;ire $%: n+'6' a);?

(a9 E% a% e'an)%"(( +$ a &+)reaj("(( >"r<ájá!an ne< &"'( <á$,<in( a n;=)dQja$ $%a&a%a(" <e)&á$ár'á$ára (e(( "nr+( *$$%e)Paján'a(9 A% -SZ =);ani$ a%%a' ind""'(a, "); a 7IDESZ e%(e'&e((e a n;=)dQja$"(:'9 A% 14?@?a$ a(a'<a );a"r'á$ána =("'$: id$%aá!an "%"(( e); a<8án; Q%P "';an a(ár"%a("( a%-SZ a<e';e( a 8ar'a<en((e' i$ e'>")ada("(( "); a *&e(?e% +&!en a n;=)dQjaa( 20^?a' >")ja e<e'ni9 A "r<án;&á'(á$*&e(e%(+!en e%( a n;=)dQje<e'+$( <ár a 7IDESZ?"r<án; &+?

)e%(e9 A% *r**'( *'($+)&e(+$i á''a8"(" a%"n!an erre ne< n;j?("((a <e)a'a8"%"(( 'ee($+)e(9 ); a n;=)dQje<e'+$ (+n;'e)e$<+r(++( á('a) 14^?ra (e'je$Q(e((e9 Ne< e);$+)e$ <:d"n, ane< "';an di>>erenUiá'á$$a', ");a% a'aU$"n;a!! n;=)dQjaa( na);"!!, <Q) a <a)a$a!!aa( $%er+?n;e!! <+r(+!en924A 2002?!en i$<+( a(a'"<ra er6'( -SZ?SZDSZ "a'QUi:

&á'a$%(á$i aján'a(ána <e)>e'e'en <indenine e);$+)e$en19000 7( e);$%eri n;=)dQje<e'+$( >i%e(e((9 E% a <e)"'dá$ =);ani$$e<+'e <:d"n ne< e'+)Q(i i a n;=)dQja +r(+á'':$á)ára "?rá!!an "%"(( +$ +r&+n;!en '+& (*r&+n;(9 Ha =);ani$ e'<arad(n;=)dQje<e'+$ (*r(+n( &"'na, a"r <indeni a <e)'+& n;=)dQ? jána ^?á( e''e(( &"'na <e)a8ja, a<e'; a (*r&+n;i 20^, i''e(&ea rea'i%á'( 14^ *%*((i +r(+e( +8e%i9E%( !e e''e(( &"'na +8Q(eni a n;=)dQj!a, "); a +$!!ie!eni$ a'a8já( +8e%%e a <inden"ri n;=)dQje<e'+$ne9 );ana"r n;i'&án&a':, "); a% 1?e$ +&(', &a);i$ a ^ Fi ne< >i%e(+$e=(án n;=)dQj!a &"n='( n;=)dQja$"a( e% a% Fe'<arad( *$$%e)ne< i''e((e &"'na <e), i$%en a"r <+) ne< &"'(a n;=)dQja$"9A% -SZ?SZDSZ j "a'QUi:ja e%e $%á<ára i$ <e)Q)+r(e, <ajdi i$ >i%e((e9E% a 19000 7( ne< 'e(( !e+8Q(&e a <e)'+& n;=)dQja!an i((



(eá( ne< 'ee( !e$%+'ni a% e'<arad( n;=)dQji>i%e(+$+ne na);?'e'P$+)+r', $"a' iná!! a n;=)dQja$ $%a&a%a(" (er&$%erP<e)&á$ár'á$ár:'9 Nee%en ie(, "); !ár<e'; de<"ra(i=$na <"nd"(( á''a< (*r&+n;ei i';en n;i'&án"$ $%a&a%a(&á$ár'á$( 'ee?

(&+ (e);en9 -a);ar"r$%á)"n e% i$ <e)(*r(+ne(e((, an+'6', ");a 7IDESZ aár "r<án;%a(i, aár e''en%+i 8"%QUi:!:' e''ene a'e)i$e!! +$%re&+(e'( (e((e &"'na9 Ne< 'e8dn+ ('$á)"$an <e), a +$!! ider6'ne, "); a7IDESZ +$ a% -SZ *%*(( (i("$ <e)á''a8"dá$ $%6'e(e(( &"'na aa(a'"< á(adá$ár:'9 7e'(Pn &"'( =);ani$, "); a% "r$%á) 6'>*'diad:$$á)ár:' a% e)+$% $%"'idna +88en ne< <"nda(: a<? 8án;!an e);i "'da'r:' $e< e$e(( e);e('en $%: $e<9 Ne+% e'+8?

%e'ni, "); <inde% $8"n(án *%*$ e);e(+r(+$ n+'6' <e)(*r(+n?e(e((9T*r(+n( e% anna e''en+re, "); a 7IDESZ &e%+rara !&enrende'e%i j")$%a+r(e' a &á':8ere$ 6);&+d( e%d&e e)+$%ena% a'"(<án;j")á$%i), nee%en ie(, "); aár a% e=r:8ai !Qr:?$á) S(ra$$!"=r)!an e); <a);ar e'(erje$%(+$ a'a8ján ne "%"((&"'na e'<ara$%(a': Q(+'e(e(9A% E=r:8ai ni:$ &á'a$%(á$i a<8án; id$%aá!an ar<ad

&"na'!e'i &e%e((' 'ee(e(( a''ani "';an :&a("$ <e)je);%+$(,"); 1@?2002 *%*((i 7IDESZ "r<án;%a(i Ui'=$!an Fa !e'?26);<ini$%(+ri=< ne< &"'( a <i+nM E%( !i%"n; Q&6'á'': anna idej+n i$ $"an &a':$%QnP$Q(e((+9 Ha Q); &"'(, a%+r( n;i'&án ne<a% -SZ i!á%(a(a(:-in( <inden &á'a$%(á$i &ere$+) =(án <e)ind=' a 8ár( !i%"?n;"$ <+r(+P );en)6'+$e, a 7IDESZ er"dá'á$a i$ );"r$ '+8(ee'&e((e e%de(+(9Bár a $aj(: <inden i);ee%e(e e''en+re +8(e'en &"'( e >"';a?<a( (e'je$ +r(+P r+$%+&+ &á'ni, a n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'( e$e<+?n;e!' a !e'$ $%aadá$ra j: <e)*%e'Q(+$$e' *&e(e%(e(ni 'e?e(9 A% e);i "'da'"n Or!án Vi("r( (a'á'j= n+án; <á$"d? +$ar<ad &"na'!e'i *&e(j+&e' A% a'a8Q(: *%6' );$%:'&án $en?i( $e< (a'á'(=n <e''e((e9 Anna e''en+re, "); !i%"n;Q("((an a



'e)ari%<a(i=$a!! &e%e(9 Te);6 "%%á, ne< U$a a 7IDESZ? !en, ane< a (e'je$ ne<%e(i j"!!"'da'"n9 7e'Q&á$ára )"<!a<:d$%a8"r"d(a a% );ne&e%e(( 8"')ári *r*, a<e';e je'en($ r+$%e+88en$+))e' ne< i$ a%"n"$='( a 7IDESZ?$%e'9 Anná' iná!! U$"?

dá'a(:, "); $%er&e%e(( *$$%e>")á$=ra +$ rend$%ere$ (áj+"%(a?(á$=ra <a)a Or!án Vi("r i$ e);re +$i <e)(enni a $%6$+)e$in(+%ed+$ee(9 7+', "); e% a &a':!an $8"n(án '+(rej*(( *n$%er?&e%d+$ ije'*'( U+'" ián;á!an !i%"n;(a'anná &á'i, i>árad,<ajd e'ern;ed9A <á$i "'da'"n á'': 7IDESZ &e%+rar <in(a e);<á$(:' i$>6))e('enQ(e((e &"'na <a)á(9 E); <e)j=': $%er&e%e( *$$%e>")á$?na e);e're $e<<i je'+( $e< <=(a(já9 A% Or!án Vi("r á'(a' e'?

+8%e'( 8ár(=ni: e'&e(+'ni 'á($%i9 Ne<U$a a% -D7 a(ár"':di e' ('e e);re an)"$a!!an ane< a 7IDESZ irán;Q(:i $e< <=(a(?na irán(a 6'*n*$e!! +rde'd+$(9A 8"')ári *r* '=!$%erP <e)a'a='á$á&a' 'á(a(: >"r<á(*'(*(( a% -SZ?$ a<8án;&ád, "); a 7IDESZ e((+$%aQ("((a a<a);ar (ár$ada'<a(9 A!!an =);an (+&edne, "); e% a 7IDESZ 8r"d=(=<a 'enne9 E% $ajn"$ <indi) Q); &"'(, +$ <indi) Q); 'e$%9-+) a 8ár(á''a< idej+n i$ e);i "'da'"n á''( a 8ár(n"<en'a(=ra, a

<á$i"n a n+89 E); a%"n!an !i%("$# A 8ár(á''a< <P*d+$e ne);?&en +&e a'a(( $"a$e< (=da("(( <a)a <*)*(( ann;i *&e((, <in(10?e$ !=á$a =(án9 A% -SZ =);an ne< !a'? +$ j"!!"'da'ie((+$%aQ(á$r:' !e$%+'(, ane< a (ár$ada'"< $%e)+n;ere +$ )a%?da)"ra &a': "$%(:dá$ra9 A%"n!an e% $e< a 7IDESZ <P&e, i?$%en a (ár$ada'"< <indi) i$ Q); <P*d*((, 'e)>e'je!! a +( "'da'2$%á<!+'i +$ <in$+)i arán;ár:', anna &á'("%á$ár:' !e$%+'e(6n9E!!en 8edi) a <e)'+& á''a8"("% +8e$( a 7IDESZ $e<")'a'"%na a);%e'e< <e)$%er%+$+ne r+$%'e(ei&e'9 -"nd&án a );%e'<+n+'$e<"n("$a!!9 A $e!e n;a'")a(á$a a &e$%(e$e +n;$%erP>e'ada(a9A 7IDESZ 'á(&án;"$ $e<<i((e&+$e 6'*n!*% "<!ináUi:



>e'(e&+$+e% &e%e(e(( a% -SZ?&e' $%e<!ená'': &á'a$%(: *r+? !en9 Ne< e&+$ e<!er i>aadá$á( a''"((a< arr:', "); a &á?'a$%(á$" e'&e$%(+$+e% a 7IDESZ <a)a i$ "%%ájár='(, <+)8edi)&a'a<i';en e'%e(e$ <e)e);e%+$ a'a8ján9 A%+r( ne< >"';(a("(( a%

e'$ >"rd=': e'(( "';an a(+"n; a<8án;(, a<i';enre $%6$+)e'e(( &"'na9 FBe%%e) a <á$"di >"rd=':!anM Ne< (e(( $e<<i( a&á'a$%(á$i $%a!á';(a'an$á)" $%i)"r i&i%$)á'(a(á$a +rde+!en9He';+n a);(a a <+) a 8ár(á''a<(:' *r**'( $%in(e i&+(e' n+'6'"<<=ni$(a +r%e'"';(a(a(nán $"ái)9Ha a!!:' a <ár $"a á'(a' <e)á''a8Q("(( (+n;!' ind='=n i,"); na);"n U$e+'; i&+(e''e' <inden á''a< "r<án;á( a &a':?

$á)!an e); 'á(a(a('an 8+n%6);i a(a'"<, a<e'; e); <inden id 'e)(i("$a!! $%a!ad<P&e$ 8á"';a irán;Q(á$á&a' <a)= je?'*'i i9 -a)= a &á'a$%(á$" enne U$a ne&e($+)e$ $%Qnjá(+ai e% aár i)a% i$ 'ee(9 Hi$%en 'e)ja!! "ri (*r(+ne'<6n =(:!!i+&(i%edei!en erre (*!! 8+'dá( i$ 'á((=n9 E'+), a U$a a j=)"$%'á&-i'"$e&iU$e(, /*r) Haider(, Bin Laden( &a); +88en S%adda<H=$$%ein( e<'Q(j69 Va'a<enn;ien e 'á(a(a('an a(a'"< ne<(e(?$%+$+&e' j=("((a a(a'"<"%, &a); a a(a'"< *%e'+!e9 A de<"?

ráUia U$a e); j:' i>e$(e(( $%aja, ai $%+8$+)+&e' <indeni( e'? !P&*', de U$a na);"n e&e$ee' >e$%i 'e9E );anQ("(( $%a!ad<P&e$ a((raUi: <e)+r(+$+e% (a'án *?%e'e!! j=(=n, a 'ee($+)ein a(árái) !e'en+%6n a );%(e$-SZ ár(;ái!a i$9 Erre <inden "rá!!iná' na);"!! 'ee($+)ad:d"(( <ár a (+n;'e)e$ a<8án; <e)e%d+$e e'((9 J$=8án a<ini$%(ere'n* je'*'( á''Q(á$i =%a?&"na r+$%'e(ei( e'' >e'id+%n6n925-EDGESS ÉTER AZ IS-ERETLENE. ÁLTAL /ELÖLT -INISZTERELNÖ. A &e%e( i&á'a$%(á$na a (*r(+ne'e< $"rán 6'*n!*% &a''á?$, ='(ráj n+8en+' <á$ +$ <á$ <:dja a'a='( i9 A >ej'd á'?'a<" (*!!$+)e, a"&a $%e)+n;$+)6 <ia(( a &i'á)!an +$ e$%?*%rend$%er+ne 'á(a(a('an e%e <+) ne< +r( e', 8"n("$a!!anne< <=(a("(( +rde'd+$(, <+) <"$( i$ (ar(ja r+)i $%"á$ai(9 A



>ej'e((e!! ='(ráj +$ )a%da$á) á''a<" e$e(+!en U$a ); <in(a 'e)>ej'e((e!! "r$%á)"!an a% =(:!!i 100?10 +&!en a de<"rá?Uia 6r6);+n a'a8&e( &á'("%á$" *&e(e%(e !e9 A ne<%e(*%i$%a!ad<P&e$$+) i(6n(e( >i);e'<e =);ani$ a 'e)$(a!i'a!! á'?

'a<? +$ =ra'"dá$i >"r<a a irá';$á)" e''ee(e('enQ(+$+(, <ajd$%+(%%á$á( &e((e U+'!a9 E=r:8a ajdan $"$%QnP irá';$á)ai *%6'<a <ár e); (=Ua(n;i( $e< (a'á'=n9 A <e)'+& *%6' $e< =ra'?"di );a"r'a(i'a) e);i $e, U$=8án re8re%en(áUi:$ >e'ada("a('á( e' a Fde<"ra(i=$an &á'a$%("(( <ini$%(ere'n*ei =(a$Q(á$ai$%erin(9 T='ajd"n+88en enne *$%*ne(i (r:n>iaia(9 Ha =ra'?"dni i$ aarnána, r*&id idn !e'6' a% e<i)ráUi:!a +n;$%er6'(=ra'"d:U$a'ád" $%á<á( $%a8"rQ(aná9

E); na);"n +rdee$ >an(á%ia?>i'<e( 'á((a< a <a>>ia?>n* <e)&á'a$%(á$ána <:djár:', a<e'; aár i)a% i$ 'ee(, &a); na?);"n *%e' á'' "%%á9 A >i'<!e'i <a>>ia >n* $';"$ !e(e), a'á?'á( +r%i *%e'edni9 -a)á"% +ri !i%a'<a$ai(, ai e'(( ár"< >'ee($+)e$ =(:djá( je'*'i <e)9 .i&á'a$%(á$=a( 6'*n 8r:!a 'e?>"';(a(á$á(:' (e$%i >6))&+9 -ajd a%( 'á(j=, "); !i%a'<a$ai i? je'*'ne +( > <a>>i:%:(, ai rendr*ne *'(*%&e 'e(ar(:%(a(já a ije'*'( =(:d"a( +$ $%*rn;i Qn&a''a(á$na &e(i a'á &a'a<e';

aUi:j= e'*&e(+$+&e' a8U$"'a(!an9 A'a8"$ >i%iai Fe'+$%Q(+$=(án <indár<an e); 6re$ 8a8Qr'a8"( a8na, "); Qrjá 'e &a'?'"<á$=a(9 E''ene% e$e(!en i'á(á$!a e';e%&e a 'ee( 'e)$?';"$a!! !6n(e(+$(9 .e((en <e)(*r(e =);an, de &a''"<á$= U$a "';an r+$%'e(ee( (ar(a'<a%(a, a<e'; e';%e(6e( ne<, &a); a'i)r"n(a((a9 A ar<adi U$=8án e); 'a"ni=$ <"nda("( ir(# Fe);$%ar(M A *&e(e% je'ene(!en e%( a !á("r <a>>i:%:( "(( (a'á'j= a<a>>ia >n* !e(e)á);a <e''e((, a<in( a% á(adja nei a &e%+ri Fi?2@ne&e%+$(9 A<in( e% <e)(*r(+ni a% j >n* a% i<+n( 'e&á'("(($';"$ !e(e) e<!er( a);"n'*&i9 A% e'$%"!á!an e); 8i''ana(ra "(('á(j= a% á'rendr*e(, ai "'; e<+n; 8r:!ána &e(e((+ a'á a je'*'(ee(, <ajd $"r er6' arra i$, "); P$+)e( >")adjana a% j>n*ne, ai F<e)á'dja e(9A (*!!i .e'e(?E=r:8ai 8ár(>(i(ár" i&á'a$%(á$ána (i("$



<:djá( ne< i$<ere<9 .ádár /án"$ >e'+$%Q(+$e +$ i&á'a$%(á$aa%"n!an na);"n i$ a$"n'Q( a >en(iee%9 Rá"$i 'ee(, "); +8? 8en <"$%&ai =(a$Q(á$ a'a8ján a% ÁVH !*r(*n+!e %ára((a, a"' 8ri!+jei &á'")a("(( Qn%á$"a( ie$%e'&e e%d(+ &a''"<á$ra !=%?

dQ(ani9 Ha''ani 'ee(e(( arr:', "); 'e(+8(+ a *r<ei(, $%ájá!a &i?%e'(e 999 ); (Pni a%"n!an .ádár ne< iá!a &"'( !e'6);<ini$%?(er, ai "rá!!an a% ÁVH >e'6);e'e(+( 'e)a'á!! >"r<ai'a) i$e''á((a9 -e)i$<er(e <:d$%ereie( +$ i&á':an a'a'<a%"d"(("%%á9 Ne< $"ái) a);(a Qn%:i( ("!%:dni9 Ne< (a)ad(a a<i&e'&ád"'(á, ane< F(*rede'<e$en !e&a''"((a a%"a(, n"a $"a$e<*&e((e e' e(9-+) Qn%:i( i$ <e)'e8(e Fe);6((<P*d+$i +$%$+)e -e) i$

"rr"'(a +r(e9 Va':$á))a' d6Q(e((e e(, "); (!a e$e(( a% a &e?r+$$"r"%a(, a<e';e( .ádár F<e)8=Q(á$ára a);a'(a i9 .ádár 8ra(i=$ &i$e'ed+$+( );á&a$á)na <in$Q(e((+9 ."8áU$i Sánd"r B=da8e$( &"'( rendr>a8i(án;a, ai e%ee( a &er'e)+n;ee($%e<+';e$en i$ i$<er(e, Qrja e<'+ira(ai!an, "); <a)= *%*(( .ádár( +88en e%+r( <+) rea!i'i(á'á$a =(án i$ U$a F$%arjan?U$ina ne&e%(+9-inden !i%"nn;a' e%en a >=rU$a Fádere%+$en &a': <e)>e?

'e'+$e >"n("$ +r&+n( $%ere8e'e(e(( +$!!i 8ár(>(i(ári i&á?'a$%(á$á!an9 7ia(a' "rán (' i(Pn a'a'<a%"d: +8e$$+)+ne,'e'ii$<ere('en +$ <e)in)a(a(a('an a%aár='á$ána *$%*ne((e,"); a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU &+r!e>"j(á$á(:' (='ajd"n+88en arend$%er !=á$ái) >"';a<a("$an <e)(ar(a((a =ra'<á(9 ); (Pni a"r &i$%"n( 6'*n*$ <:d"n &e'e i$ &+)e%(e9 Ne< jár(a j"!!an.e'e(?E=r:8ai "''+)ái $e<9 A "<<=ni$(a rend$%erre' e);6((e( i$ $%aná'(á9 V"'( ai( a);"n'((e, <á$" .ádár"% a$"n?':an rá!an &a); <á$ a$"n': i$<ere('en !e(e)$+)!en &á'(a <e)ne<U$a a rend$%er6(', de +'e(6(' i$9.6'*n*$ <:d"n e% a áderrend$%er?&á'(: <P&e'e( U$a a% e'?$ $%á< &e%e(re (erjed( i9 A% a88ará(=$ ("&á!!i r+$%+( );?2$%:'&án +rin(e('en6' a);(á, $( 8"'i(iai <P*d+$+ne F>e'(+(?e'ei( a $ajá( *r6!' ije'*'( Frend$%er&á'(:a' $%e<!en <+)



i i$ a'=d(á9 É8 +$$%e' <á$+n( =);ani$ ne< 'ee( e'+8%e'ni,"); e); "';an &e%e()arni(rá( ai enn;i ár( ""%(a a% i)a%?)a(á$=ra !Q%"(( ne<%e(ene, ("&á!!ra i$ a 8"'i(iai 6%d(+ren<aradjana9 A<in( 'á(ni >")j= <+) $e)Q(i i$ <á$ <e%!en &a':

i$<+(e'( a(a'"<ra j=(á$=a(9 A% a (+n;, "); a "<<=ni%<=$ e'?$$%á< &e%e(i( $%i$%(e<a(i=$an <e)>"$%("((á +'e(6(', ne<?U$a a $%a!ad<P&e$ <:d$%erere &a'', ane< a%( i$ $ej(e(i,"); "';an rendQ&6' >"n("$ (i(" (=d:i &"'(a, a<e'; $';"$ "U?á%a(á( je'en(e((e anna a na); *$$%ee$6&+$ne, a<e'; a% e)+$%&i'á) (ár$ada'<ai e''en >"';i9 -a);ar"r$%á) irán(i i(6n(e( >i?);e'<e( na);"n j:' je''e<%i, "); ne<U$a .ádár /án"$( 6'd(+ a Fna); e'e(re, ane< ); (Pni <+) Gr:$% .ár"';( i$9

A &e%e( $%e<+';e a rend$%er&á'(á$ =(án ann;i!an &á'("%"((,"); ne< a% =ra'"d: 8ár( &e%e(je );a"r"'ja anna j")ai(, a?ne< a <ini$%(ere'n*9 E% =);an $e<<i&e' e);en' &á'("%á$, i?$%en a <ini$%(ere'n* $%e<+';+( i$ a );%(e$ 8ár( &e%e(+$e je'*'ii, +$ e% ne< <inden e$e(!en a 8ár( e'n*e9 A% Fj$%erP &e%e(i&á'a$%(á$ <ár a 8ár(á''a< a):niája idej+n N+<e( -i':$$a'&e((e e%de(+(9 .+$!! +88en Gr:$% .ár"';(:' (=d(= <e), ");$ajá( =n"a*UU$+( &á'a$%("((a a% á(<ene(i id$%a e'$$%á< &e?

%e(j+&+9 N;i'&án a%%a' a U+''a', "); 8ár( (+n;'e)e$ &e%e(+$e&á'("%a('an <aradj"n9 N+<e( -i':$ a%"n!an a% e'$ $%á< &e?%e( $%ere8+!e '+8e((9 É'e(e =("'$: :na8jai!an 8ana$%"d"(( i$Gr:$%, "); "';an na);"( <+) $eni!en $e< U$a':d"((, <in( $ajá(=n"a*UU$+!en9 E% a *%e'i r""n$á) !i%"n;"$ >" %$id: !e6(+$(i$ >e'(+(e'e%, de e% a"r <+) $eni( $e< +rdee'( A <a);ar"r$%á?)i %$id:$á) a"r <+) ne< e'(e(( an(i$%e<i(a i$%(+riá(9 ); 'á(?$%i <+) ne< &"'( $%6$+)e rá9 N+<e( -i':$ ); (Pni (=da("(( &a'a<i(, <er( ine&e%+$+(*&e(en ); &i$e'ede(( <in(a a% "r$%á) P!+ri á''a8"(a aS%"&je(=ni:&a' $%e<!en <ár ne< i$ '+(e%ne9 A (e'e&Q%i:!an);a"ri 'á(&án; &"'(, a<in( -ar a'<erre' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a"ri na);*&e(+&e' (eni$%e%ne9 Ne< a);"(( +($+)e( a% irán(,"); ed&+re &a': a P!+rr U$er+je9 -+) a%( i$ +r(+$+re ad(a j Laa("$ á'# A% e''"8"(( rend$%er&á'("%á$ 1449 "'d9



300)a%dáina, "); +$%$+))e' adja á( n+"r<a$á?)" ere(+!en );$%:'&án in);en a ne<%e( ja&ai( r+$%6re9 .+?$!! a''ani 'ee(e((, "); N+<e( <ini$%(ere'n*$+)e idej+n

-ar a'<er i$ je'en($ &a);"n"% j=("(( a $8"n(án 8ri&a(i%áUi:ere(+!en9Á''Q(:'a) e% "';an $%e<+r<e('en 6);'e( &"'(, "); a% a<eri?ai "r<án; e%+r( &á'("((a 'e a na);*&e(e(9A ne<%e(i &a);"n iár=$Q(á$á!an já($%"(( $%ere8+( +r(+e'en?d, a% e'$ $%a!adna <"nd"(( &á'a$%(á$ =(án 10 +&re a'e'n*ie';e( !i%("$Q("((a $%á<ára a L"nd"n!an $%+e' e=r:8ai Ber=?á%á$i Ban!an, ne"); a a%a iár=$Q(á$a $"rán e$e('e) ir"!!a?

n: >"rrada'<i (i'(a"%á$ &+)e%%en &e'e9 Bár a 'a"$$á) rend$%er?&á'(: $%+dQ(+$e "';an j:' $ier6'(, "); e((' ne< e''e(( (ar(ania9De <+)i$ (ar("((M A% 10?e$ "r$%á));P'+$i &á'a$%(á$""n ne<i$ <er( a 8ár( $%Qnei!en ind='ni, ane< >6))e('en je'*'(+n( '+8e((>e'9 -e) i$ &á'a$%("((á9 A 8ár( $%Qnei!en S%Pr*$ -á(;á$ idei)'e?ne$ *%(ár$a$á)i e'n* i&+(e'+&e' $eni( $e< &á'a$%("((a <e)*%&e('en6'9A"); +$!! a''ani 'ee(e(( a '"nd"ni !an a'e'n*i <e)?

!Q%á$a U$a a 'á($%a(á( e'(e((e a na);&"na' 8ri&a(i%áUi:$ :(;a?&e(;e e''en$%"')á'(a(á$ána9 A<"';an "rr=8Ui:$ <"r%$ána &"'( (ein(e(9 Ha inni 'ee( e%ene a 8'e(;ána, a<e';e <+) a rádi: n;i'&án"$$á)á( i$ <e)jár(á, N+<e( -i':$ra $e<<i"<"'; <=ná( ne< "$%("((a i9 Le)>"n("$a!! >e'ada(a a% +(e?%+$i je);e i"$%(á$a &"'(9A% 109 +&i &á'a$%(á$"a( 6'$ +$ !e'$ $e)+d'e((e' n;er(e$-D7?e( +$ "a'QUi:$ 8ar(nerei( a ne<%e(ide)en &e%e(+$P $aj(:na $ier6'( a% e'$%e)+n;ed+$ r+<+8+&e' na8"n(a $%+dQ(e(( 'a"$$á)e'(( a 'ee( 'e)(*+'e(e$e!!en 'ejára(ni9 Sajná'a("$ <:d"n errea% Fe'$ $%a!ad"n &á'a$%("(( "r<án; <in(a U$a (er&$%erPenU$iná'(a &"'na ne< e&+$ a'a'<a( i$ ad"((9A% +'e($%Qn&"na' +($+)(e'en6' r"<'"((9 Ha e% <e)aadá';"%?a(: 'e(( &"'na, a"r a rend$%er&á'(á$na ne&e%e(( a((raUi: a'i)?a 'e(( &"'na i';en *nn;en 'ejá($%a(:9 A% i)a%$á)"% (ar("%i,



"); e% a r"<'á$ ne< a% An(a'' "r<ánn;a' e%dd*((9 A n;"'U?&ana$ +&e e'ej+n <ár 'a$$ e%de(+( &e((e, <ajd +&r'?+&re e);re);"r$=': 6(e<!en >"';(a(:d"((9 A n;"'U&ana$ +&e &+)+n <ár a301

<=nan+'6'i$+) i$ <e)je'en( =);an, de (*<e)e$ <+re(ee( &a':? !an 10 =(án *'(*((9-i&e' a (*!!8ár(i rend$%er !e&e%e(+$+( +$ a $%"&je( U$a8a(" i&"n='á$á( ne< *&e((e a <e$$iá$ >*'dr+$%á''á$a a (ejje'?<+%%e'>"';: .ánaánna', a<ire ne<U$a a <a);ar 'a"$$á), de e)+$%.e'e(?E=r:8ai n+8ei "<"';an $%á<Q("((a9 /: *%e'Q(+$$e' (eá(<e)j:$"'a(: &"'( a "r<án;"a'QUi: !=á$a9 -+r(+e a%"n!an<indeni( <e)'e8e((9

A &i$$%a $%a&a%"(( r+)i?j "r<án; a &á'a$%(á$i a<8án;á!an(i("!an a% a'$:$%in(P a)i(á("rai&a' ered<+n;e$en $=)a''(a a <e)? !="(( $%"Uia'i$(a rend$%er F&Q&<án;ána &i$$%aá''Q(á$á(9 Seni$e< )"nd"'( arra, "); enne 'ee($+)e ne< raj(a <'i, i$%en a erre 'á(a(a('an =rai ne< +n;$%erQ(i a $%a!ad &á'a$%(á$" 6r6);+n $"a$e< ad(a &"'na á( a(a'<á(9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a%"r$%á)!an <+) <P*d*(( a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU"( *&e( >+?'e'e<, $ Q); $%er&e%e(( e''en%+e a a(a'"<na e);á'(a'án ne<

&"'(9 A%( a% e''en%+e(, ai&e' a% e''en%+i, <ajd ne<%e(i ere a$%(a'ná' F(ár);a'( $ajá( <a)a $%er&e%(e +$ ne&e%(e i9 -inden('%á$ n+'6' á''Q(a(:, "); a% -SZ $ajá( <a)á&a' (ár);a'(9A <a);ar"r$%á)i $aj(: ne<%e(e''ene$$+)e U$a a% j -SZa(a'"<ra er6'+$+&e' <=(a("%"(( <e) i)a%án9 A% j "r<án;e%((a' 'e&e(&e <inden "rá!!i ide"':)iai +$ e);+! "r'á(ai(, (e'je$er&e' rá&e(e((e <a)á( a ne<%e( <inden &a);"nána iár=$Q(á$á?ra9 A% An(a''?"r<án; a <a)a ee% +8e$( $%er+n;ne <"nda(: 8ri&a(i%áUi:jána a <+) $%er+n;e!! !e&+(e'+ne e);r+$%+( a% +'e($%Qn&"na' >enn(ar(á$ára i$ >"rdQ("((a9 E%%e' $%e<!en aH"rn?"r<án; a (e'je$ a% e'ide)enQ(e(( &a);"n =);anU$a $%er+n; !e&+(e'+ne (e'je$ $$%e)+( a");an e'&e(( i(e'e +$ a<a(aina (*r'e$%(+$+re >"rdQ?("((a9 .*%!en a% +'e($%Qn&"na' a "rá!!iná' i$ na);"!! <+r(+!enr"<'"((9 A <=nan+'6'i$+) 'á(&án;"$an ("&á!! n*&eede((9



-inde%ee( !e(e(%&e <+) e); B"r"$?U$"<a))a' i$ <e)?ajánd+"%(á a $%erenU$+('en <a);ar$á)"(9 A% +'e($%Qn&"na'$6'';ed+$+!en a &"'( $%"Uia'i$(a "r$%á)" +'+re er6'(6n9 +r(e(,"); a 'a"$$á) $%+'e$ r+(e)ei!en, <+) a% -SZ $" $%i<8a(i?

%án$á!an i$, na); U$a':dá$ 'e(( rrá9 E% a U$a':dá$ !i%"n; j:&a'<e)a'ad(a a%( a <+r(+e(, a<e'; a% An(a''?"r<ánn;a' +r(e9 E%302a% e'e$erede(($+) a% 1@?a$ &á'a$%(á$""% *%e'ed&e n+<i'e)U$*en( =);an, de (endenUiája <e)<arad(9A 20029 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$"a( <e)e'% id$%a!an'"nd"ni "n"rári=<a 'ejár(á&a' a%a +re%e(( N+<e( -i':$9Va':$%QnP, "); 8"n("$a!!an >")a'<a%nán, a a%( <"ndanán#

ne< j*((, ane< 6'd(+9A <a);ar"r$%á)i $aj(:!an er(e'je$ F(a'á')a(á$" ind='(a,"); a% j 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" $"rán i 'e$% a% -SZ <ini$%?(ere'n*?je'*'(je9 E);!en $=)a''(á i$ N+<e( -i':$ $%e<+';+(9A 'e)>e'$!! 'á(a(a('an *%8"n(!an !i%("$an &"'(a i$ i';en e'?+8%e'+$e9 A% -SZ 8edi) <ár (*!!$%*r <=(a("(( rá=(a': <a?)a(ar(á$(, "); 8"'i(iájá( anna 'e)>e'$ &e%e(+$+( i''e(en e'>"?)adja, e%ee( a% Firán;<=(a(á$"a(9 A% -SZ e'n*e# ."&áU$

Lá$%': >e);e'<e%e(( e<!er !en;"<á$á( e'(i9 -"$( a%"n!an );(Pni &a'aenn(ar(á$ai 'ee((e N+<e( -i':$$%e<+';+&e' a8U$"'a(!an9 Ha a!!:' ind='=n i, "); H"rnG;='a e$e(+!en i$ a 8ár( e'n*+( je'*'(+ <ini$%(ere'n*ne n"?a n+8$%erP$+)e "); >in"<an >")a'<a%%=n, ne< &"'( j"!! ."?&áU$ Lá$%':+ná', a"r nei <+) i)a%a( i$ e'' adn=n9 A% i$ !i%?("$, "); n;Q'(an ne< <er( N+<e( -i':$ e''en a 'á(a(a('an a?(a'<a$$á)" >e'+ >e''+8ni9 E% $%a!ad<P&e$en+' a<); i$<e)en)ede(e('en9 N+<e( -i':$ ii(a(á$ára e); na);"n e'<+$<e)"'dá$"% >"';a<"d"((9 Ne< *n<a)á(, ane< e); ná'a <a)a?$a!! >""%a('an á'': <ini$%(ere'n* je'*'(e( ja&a$"'(9 -+)8edi)-ed);e$$; +(er(9A% j "r<án;> je'*'(e( ne< dire( <:d"n je'*'(e <e)9 Le?e(, "); e% &i$$%a i$ 6(*(( &"'na9 N+án; :na8i) ár"< je'*'(e(á''Q("((a a 8ár((a)$á) +$ a *%&+'e<+n; e'+9 );<in( N+<e(



-i':$(, ."&áU$ Lá$%':( +$ -ed);e$$; +(er(9-ajd <e)indQ("((á $ajá( a<8án;=a(, "); a ár"< *%6'a 8ár( &e%e( $%er&ei F&á'a$$%á i a 'e)a'a'<a$a!!a(9 A na);?*%*n$+) á'(a' 'á(a(a('an !ir:%á$!an <inde((en N+<e( -i':$

e''en d='a"d(a9 E); id =(án ); (Pni N+<e( -i':$ "';an6(+$( a8"((, "); a ("&á!!i 6%de'<e( $+r(d*((en >e'ad(a, <ajde' i$ (Pn( a na);*%*n$+) 'á(:*r+!'9 E%( *&e(en ."&áU$Lá$%': '+8e(( &i$$%a -ed);e$$; +(er ja&ára9 -+)8edi) <"$"?';")&a, a");an <"ndani $%"(á, Fj: +8e( &á)&a "%%á9 E(('e%d&e (e'je$ er!ed"!á$$a' a<8án;"'( -ed);e$$; <e''e((, $303$%in(e <inden6(( "(( (a'á'j= a (ár$a$á)á!an9 A Q&6'á'':na a% a

!en;"<á$a e'e(e%i, <in(a -ed);e$$; <inden <"ndand:já(U$a ."&áU$ Lá$%': j:&áa);á$á&a' ada(ná e'9 I)a% <+) Q); i$$" $%erenU$+('en6' <e)>")a'<a%"(( <"nda( $%ár<a%"(( ('e9-ed);e$$; +($+)(e'en6' ne< <"nda(: !ri'ián$ $%:n"!a9 Be?$%+d+$%$+)e i$ a); Q&ánni&a':( <a)a =(án9Ta'án enne i$ &"'( *$%*ne(, "); a% e'*(e'e%e(( 8ár((a)?$á)"n +$ a% +rdee'( $%i<8a(i%án$""n Q&6' ne< *r&ende(( na);n+8$%erP$+)ne9 A% -SZ a%"n!an <e)(a'á'(a a <:djá(, ");

*%*<!*$Q($e a U$"dá'"%:a(9 76'!e$)á$ <:d$%er+&e' a 'a"$?$á) (=da(á!a (á8'á'(á# -ed);e$$; e'rea'ad"(( &a$(a)!+'rá!an$%en&ed $ &ára(:an ne< %%a $"ái)9 -e)<"$"';")ni &a':,"); $%in(e <indeni >e'6'( e%ene a i&a(a'"$an $eni á'(a' <e)ne< er$Q(e(( Qre$%(e'+$ene9 -+) a 8á((a)$á) je'en($ r+$%e i$."&áU$ Lá$%': &i$$%a%:dá$a -ed);e$$; ja&ára &i$%"n( a <aina8i) 6'*n>+'e (a'á')a(á$"ra ad a'a'<a(9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er(a% j <ini$%(ere'n* i&a(a'!a '+8+$+( *&e(en n;i'&án"$$á)raer6'( -ed);e$$; +(er $%i)"ran (i("$ +<e'árQ(: <'(ja9Se<ed?ne&P ine&e%+$i "ira(á( a% -SZ?!' "%a((á (i("!an n;i'&á?n"$$á)ra, i$%en <á$ e%ee% a% ira(""% $e<<i+88en $e< j=(?a("(( "%%á9 E% e);+r(e'<P&+ (e$%i "); a% -SZ?a !e'6'-ed);e$$;ne je'en($ e''en%+e &an, ai ere$i <e)!=(a(?a(:$á)ána 'ee($+)ei(9



A Qn"$ e';%e(e( -ed);e$$; +(er a%%a' 8r:!á'(a e'+) $%e?renU$+('en6' <en(e)e(ni, "); +88en a $%"&je( .GB e''en+!en&+de'<e%(e a <a);ar "r<án;%a( ne<%e(*%i &a'=(aa'a8!a &a': !e'+8+$i i);ee%e(+(9 E%( a%"n!an Qr$%er%+$i +$ +<e'árQ(á$i

$%a+r( <+) a (e'e&Q%i: n;i'&án"$$á)a e'(( i$ <in( e'+8%e'e?(e('en $%i(=áUi:( Uá>"'(á9 Anna e''en+re, "); a% -SZ i&a(a?'"$ n;i'a("%a(ai!an *r*<$%aad(ái) i);ee%e(( <e)&+deni a<ini$%(ere'n**(, a 8"'i(iai <a'r ne< &"'( 8a'á$("'a(:9 Oa''ee( >e'(+(e'e%ni, "); -ed);e$$; -SZ?$ &+de'<+( ne< a 8ár($%in(e <e));%d+$e &e%+re'(e, ane< 6'$ er ráa(á$ána &"'( +n;(e'en en)ede'<e$edni9 Bi%("$ra &ee( =);ani$, "); a<e)$e<<i$Q(e((ne i(( "<án; a% -SZ 'e)>e'$!! *rei!' e?

r6'( e'9 -+)8edi) a%%a' a n;i'&án&a': $%ánd+a', "); $ier6'<ajd &e'e <e)!=(a(ni -ed);e$$;(9 A% F*$$%ee$6& $';"$304(+&ed+$!e e$(e, a<i"r a%( i((+, "); e% a <a);ar"r$%á)i ne<'+(e% de<"ráUiá!an i$ ); <P*di, <in( a% =);anU$a $%a? !ad<P&e$ >e'6);e'e((e' !Qr: >ej'e(( N;=)a(?e=r:8ai á''a<"!an9-indene$e(re a <ini$%(ere'n**n +$ a "r<án;"n a% "?<án;na a -a);ar Ne<%e( UQaj(a (anáU$(a'an$á), a8"dá$ 'e(( rrá9 N+án; na8i)-ed);e$$; +rde<!en ne< i$ n;i'a("%"(( r:'a9-ajd a Qradá$" e%( a%%a' ind""'(á "); a (i(")a%da ne<<en(e((e >e' a (i("(ar(á$i *(e'e%e(($+)e a':'9 ); La<8er( -:ni?a !e'6);<ini$%(er( =(a$Q("((á, "); F"'dja >e' ( <+) a 8ár(á'?'a< r+$%+re (e(( (i("(ar(á$i *(e'e%e(($+)e a':'9 E% a 6'*n*$ $%Qn?á%i je'ene( &a':!an <e)+rde<'i a 'e)j"!! a!ar+ dQjá(9 E%%e' a<ini$%(ere'n* +$ 8ár(jána &e%e(+$e a 'ee( 'e)e);+r(e'<P!!eni)a%"'(a a%"a( a $%=8er$%+'$$+)e$ &+'e<+n;ee(, <i$%erin( -a?);ar"r$%á)"n ne< &"'( rend$%er&á'(á$9 A% "r$%á) =);ana%" 6'?$ +$ !e'$ irán;Q(á$a a'a(( <P*di <in( 109 e'((9 A 8ár(á'?'a<na +$ &e'e a S%"&je(=ni:na a<e'; 8edi) <ár ne< i$ '+(e?%i (e(( P$+)e$6 +r&+n;e a <ai na8i) *(e'e%i <inda%"a(, ai i';en( (e((e9 Enne a'a8ján a IIIbIII9 !e$): á':%a( 6);n*ei i$ a<ai na8i) <P*d $%e<+';e9 E%%e' +r(e(&+ &á'i, "); <i+r(



i$ ne< 'ee( i'+(6e( n;i'&án"$an <e)i$<erni9E%e =(án <ár ne< (Pni >an(a%<a):riána Laa("$ á' +$.*r*$i I<re á''Q(á$a, <i$%erin( -ed);e$$; +(er a <a);ar <e''e((<a i$ "r"$% á''a<8"')ár, a<e';!' *&e(e%i, "); "rá!!an

$%"&je( á''a<8"')ár$á))a' e''e(( rende'e%nie9 A% =);ani$ e'+8?%e'e(e('en, "); +88en a S%"&je(=ni: >e'!"<'á$a =(án a8(a &"'?na <e) a% "r"$% á''a<8"')ár$á)"(9 J$a <e''+e$en je);e%%6 <e), "); 6'>*'dine $%"&je( á''a<8"')ár$á)"( <e)$%ere%nian+'6', "); "(( +'ne ne< &"'( $%"&án;"$na <"nda(:9 Rend?Q&6'i $%"')á'a("a( e''e(( (ennie a !ir"da'"<na9 Na);"n j:'(=dj=, "); a +$ .ádár?"r<án; (a)jai *%*(( "); );<"ndj= F<ár ne< &"'( di&a( e% a >aj(a e(($ á''a<8"')ár$á)9 A

<a);ar?i%rae'i á''a<8"')ár$á) &i$%"n( );a"ri!! 'ee(e((9-ed);e$$; a $%"&je( á''a<8"')ár$á)"( <inden !i%"nn;a' ne<<in( 8"'i(i=$, $"a' iná!! (i("$$%"')á'a(i <=nájána *?$%*ne(en a8(a <e)9 E!!en a% e$e(!en 8edi) >e'(+(e'e%e(en Laa("$ á'# A% e''"8"(( rend$%er&á'(á$ 20?9 "'d930ne< U$a a <a);ar (i("$$%"')á'a( (i$%(i ran)já( &i$e'(e, ane< a.GB?+( i$9 Ha a <a);ar (i("(ar(á$i *(e'e%e(($+)e 2002?!en <+)

>enná''(, a"r e% >""%"((an i)a% e'', 'e);en a .GB e$e(+!en i$9Ha >e'id+%%6 a S%"&je(=ni: +$ -a);ar"r$%á) <á$"di &i'á)á!"?r =(áni &i$%"n;á(, ne<6'*n!en a%(, "); a <ai Or"$%"r$%á) (=?'ajd"n+88en <e)*r**'(e a &"'( S%"&je(=ni: <inden a(a'")a'<a?%"(( á''Q(á$, "); -a);ar"r$%á) <ini$%(ere'n*e e); 6'>*'di a); j"!!an (e($%i ide)en na);a(a'"< $%"')á'a(á!an á'': $%e?<+';i$+), ai a%ája +rdeei( <+) a"r $e< (=dja a ('e e'&ár?a(: <:d"n +8&i$e'ni, a <inden i);ee%e(+&e' aarná i$9 É$ e%a"r i$ i)a%, a a <ini$%(ere'n**( aár a 'e)i>")á$(a'ana!!$%a!ad &á'a$%(á$" (ján e<e'(+ i&a(a'á!a9 -+) iná!! i)a%, aa $"a á'(a' );anQ("(( $%á<Q(:)+8e$ Frá$e)Q(+$$e' $%ere%(e <e)a%(9Sajn"$ e%( a !a'j:$ )"nd"'a($"r( ("&á!! 'ee( $"an <e) i$



(e$%i )"<!"';Q(ani97i);e'e<!e e'' &enn6n, "); a rend$%er&á'(á$ =(án a(a?'"<ra er6'( <a);ar <ini$%(ere'n** *%6' e);ie( $e< >")ad(ai&a(a'"$an a<eriai e'n*9

Se< An(a'' /:%$e>e(, de <+) H"rn G;='á( $e<9 Or!án Vi?("rr:' ne< i$ !e$%+'&e9A 20029 +&i 8ar'a<en(i &á'a$%(á$" a<8án;a $"rán e%( a(+n;( ."&áU$ Lá$%': >e' i$ a$%ná'(a Or!án Vi("r e''eni +r&e'+?$ei!en9 A<i &i$%"n( <e)d*!!en(, e%( "';an $ej(e(+$$e' (e((e,"); -ed);e$$; +(er <e)&á'a$%(á$a e$e(+re $%á<Q(a( a% a<eri?ai e'n* <e)Q&á$ára9 Ae'+r $%:%=?

a(a)!an erre U$a na);"n e&e$en >i);e'(e9 ."&áU$ Lá$%': i?(Pn j:$na !i%"n;='(9 -ed);e$$; a(a'"<ra j=(á$á( *&e( &i?$%"n;'a) na);"n r*&id idn !e'6' &a':!an <e)a8ja a% E);e$6'(Á''a<" +88en i&a(a'!an '+& e'n*+ne <e)Q&á$á(, $( "r?<án;%á$a >+'idej+n <+) e); e'n*i <e)Q&á$( a8 A<eriá!:',a<e'; =);anU$a je'en($ an;a)i <e)(ere'+$$e' jár: >e'ada(" Fá(adá$?á(&+(e'+( je'en(i9E%%e' a8U$"'a(!an ne< a);a(: >i);e'<en Q&6', "); a

&á'a$%(á$i a<8án; 'e)+n;e$e!! $%aa$%á!an Or!án Vi("r i$30a8 e); a<eriai <e)Q&á$(9 =);an ne< B=$ e'n*(', ane<e);i ne< +88en a% a<eriai >e'$"(a(á$ +'&"na'á!a (ar("%:e);e(e<+('9 Enne a8r"8:ja a <+) i&a(a'!an '+& <ini$%(ere'?n*ne F"daQ(+'( e);e(e")adná a% e);e(e< e'ad:jána9 A% i';en =d&aria$ aján'a(" i';en a'a'<a"r ne< <enne ri(a$á)$%á<!a, de "); a &i'á)?$aj(:!an i$ <e)$%e''%(e$$+, a% <ár na);"n ri(a i&+(e'ne $%á<i(9 A% i$ <e)'e8, "); +88en e% a% e);e(e< <+'(a((a i(6n?(e(+$re Or!án(, ai 8edi) "rá!!an $"a$e< a''"(( r:'a +$ $e<<i?>+'e (e&+en;$+)e $e< "%a(: *$$%e>6))+$!e a% e);e(e< U+'jai?&a', <=nájá&a'9 -inde!!' arra 'ee( *&e(e%(e(ni, "); e);'á(a(a('an *%8"n(!:' <e)!Q%á$a 'ee(e(( a <a);ar <ini$%(ere'?



n* >i);e'<+ne a<eriai <=na&á''a'á$ irán(i >e'e'(+$+re9 E);? !en anna 6%ene(+( i$ (ar(a'<a%(a, "); a &á'a$%(á$"a( e'&e$%Q(?e(i9 $e< !i%"n;='(a r"$$% j:$"naM A 6'*n re86')+8,a<e';ne i)+n;!e&+(e'+re +n;$%er6'(, $" +$ j: <=nQUi:( ad"(( a

&e'e <ind&+)i) $%e<!ená'': %$id: irán;Q(á$ $aj(:na9 ); i$ >"?)a'<a%a(nán, je'en($ <+r(+!en r"n("((a &á'a$%(á$i e$+';ei(9 Ne< <e''%e( anna e);+r(e'e' e'' (enni# ine +$ <i+r( á''"(( i';en na?);"n +rde+!en a 7IDESZ <e)!=(a(á$aW De 6'*n*$+88en-ed);e$$; +(er <indenár"n &a': a(a'"<ra $e)Q(+$eW Bi%("$,

"); e%ee( a% ere( ne< -a);ar"r$%á) a(árain !e'6' e'' e?re$ni9S"a(<"nd:, "); -ed);e$$;( ne< U$a B=$, de =(;in"r"$% e'n* i$ >")ad(a9 E%((a' ne< a'')a(a(j= e', "); =(;in"rá!!an a .GB <a)a$ ran)? +$ !e"$%(á$ &e%e(je &"'(9 E!!ena <in$+)+!en aár >n*e i$ 'ee(e(( "rá!!an -ed);e$$;ne9 A je'e $%erin( <inde((j6 <e)(ar("((a e%( a &i$%"n;( a 'e)<a)a?$a!! a(a'"< e'+r+$+( *&e(en i$9 7e' 'ee( (+(e'e%ni, ");

-ed);e$$; e'er6'+$+!en &a'a"' >e'(Pni =(;in e%e i$9 A%a<eriai 'e)>e'$!! $%a!ad<P&e$ *%8"n( +rdee'($+)e a'i)a&i(a(a(:9 E!!en a% e$e(!en 8edi) $e<e''+8+$e, *%*$ +rdee9 E% a $%*&e($+) a <á$"di &i'á)á?305 !"r e'indQ(á$á(:' <ind a <ai na8i) >"';a<a("$9 A ide)á!"r e+( a(a'"< 'e)>e'$ $%in(j+n $"a $e< '+(e%e((9 Enne e'já($%á$aU$=8án a &i'á) n+8eine >+'re&e%e(+$+( $%"')á'(a, a<e'';e' a +(na); U$a': <+) <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ $%*&e($+)e$ei( i$ <e)(+?&e$%(e((e9 E<'+e%%6n U$a &i$$%a a% 1@?e$ r"<ániai >"rrada?'"<ra9 .i(*r*'+$+( a% a<eriai JIA +$ a $%"&je( .GB *%*$ *$%?$%ean)"'( <=nája "%(a '+(re9 A >"rrada'"< &e%e(+$+( i$ <ind?&+)i) e%+!en (ar(&a9 E);+r(e'<Pen >e'i$<ere( &"'( a% a<eriaiFS"_?!i%ni$% (e&+en;$+)e i$, a<e'';e' a >"rrada'"< e$e<+?



n;ei( a r"<án (e'e&Q%i: <ind&+)i) *%&e(Q(e((e9A );ar<a(" jrae'"$%(á$a e!!en a 6'*n*$ $%ere8"$%(á$!an<e)(*r(+n( =);an, de A<eria ('*'(ee%+$e, e'8=='á$a, de 'e)?>+88en a "r<án;%a("( ere$%(6'?a$=' á($%*& %$id:$á) 8+n%?

+e <ia(( )a%da$á)a n+án; +&(i%edn;i >e'('en "nj=n(ra =(áni$<+( e);re <+';6' &á'$á)!a j=("((9A $%a!ad<P&e$ (er&e% <e)in( =jj &i'á)rendr' á'<"d?na9Ha &an e'+) !á("r$á)=n a &i'á)=na( =ra': (i("$ $%*&e($+)irend$%er ("&á!! !"nU"'á$ára, 'ee(e('en ne< ráj*nni arra, ");(='ajd"n+88en a .GB $e< e); $%=&er+n $%"&je( &a); "r"$% (i(?"$$%"')á'a(9 E'$ a''á$ra !ár<i';en >=rU$ána (Pni i$ a (i("$

a<eriai\$%"&je(?"r"$% na);a(a'e'?6);e'e(e a'a((9 Enne &a':$%QnP$+)+( ne<U$a a $%i)"ran (i("$(i$%( $%ere8+!en '+& -ed);e$$; e$e(e 'á($%i !i%"n;Q(ani9 A *?%e'<'(!an a<eriai 'a8" *%*'(+, "); B=$ e'n* /e&)enij-9 ri<a"&?"(, erede(i ne&+n# inUa$ 7ine'$(ein?(, ai "rá!? !an a $%"&je( .GB >n*e &"'( ine&e%(e a% a<eriai ne<%e(!i%?

("n$á)i "$%(á'; (anáU$ad:já&á9E% =);ani$ ne< e&e$e!!e( je'en(, <in("); a% a<eriai +$a% "r"$% "rá!!an a $%"&je( (i("$$%"')á'a( *%*(( *%&e('ená(járá$ &an9 5 Nee%en ie( a ne< i$ (=d=n r:'a "); a .GB!en ned"')"%nána a<eriai Qr$%er%, <+)8edi) ne< i$ (i("!an95 Ha%án+r( X.anadai <a);arn;e'&P >"';:ira( 20039 <áj=$Y 139 "'d930@A rend$%er&á'(á$ =(án, de "rá!!an i$ e);re (*!! an)"' +$a<eriai <a)a$ ran) Qr$%er% +$ +<e'árQ(: (i$%(r' derQ(e((+ i, "); a%" a .GB?ne d"')"%(a9 Nee%en ie(, "); >n*?ei err' aár i&a(a'!:' i$ ne (=d(a &"'na9 A +( na);a(a'"<(i("$$%"')á'a(ána a 6'*n*$ &i$%"n;a <ár a <á$"di &i'á)á!"?r a'a((, de a ide)á!"r$ $%+'á<"$$á) ideje a'a(( i$ >enná''"((9/:' i$<erj6 Henr; De(er ei( e$e(+( <+) Tr=<an e'n*$+)e



idej+!'9 Tr=<an <=na(ár$ai arra +r(+ a% e'n**(, "); <en(?$e >e' a% e);+!+n( %$id: Henr; De(er( >e'e'$ "r<án;%a(i !e?"$%(á$á!:', <i&e' !i%"n;Q(a(:an a .GB?ne d"')"%i9 Tr=<an'e&á'("((a =);an, de <a)a$a!! !e"$%(á$!a ne&e%(e i9 -e)"U?

á%(a(a(j=# e$e('e) ne< i$ a $ajá( aara(á!:'9 Br%e%in$i?r'Jar(er e'n* ne<%e(!i%("n$á)i (anáU$ad:jár:' 8edi) a% A<eriUanO8ini"n UQ"';:ira( 1559 deUe<!eri $%á<a n;i'&án"$an ije?'en(i, "); <ari$(a +$ <inden i);ee%e(+&e' a "<<=ni%<=$($%"')á'ja9-inde%e!' e); i$ >an(á%iá&a' $"an a%( i$ >e'(+(e'e%i,"); -ed);e$$; ne<U$a a .GB, ane< e$e('e) a JIA (i$%(je i$9 Ne< e'' 6'*n !i%"n;)a(ni, "); e% <e"ra "Uá%a("(

je'en( ne< U$a a% E=r:8ai ni: (a)já&á &á': -a);ar"r$%á)na,ane< <a)ána a% ni:na i$9 Ne< jár=n <e$$%e a% i)a%$á)(:',a <e)"Uá%(a(j=# -ed);e$$; +(er 6'$ +$ !e'$ a(a'"<ra$e)Q(ine (a'án e% 'ee(e(( a U+'jaW -indene$e(re a% Ira e''eniá!"r e'+$%(+$e $"rán (an$Q("(( %a&ar"$ (e&+en;$+)e !i%"n;<=(a("(( erre =(a': je'ee(9 A >ranUiá <e) i$ je);e%(+# -a);ar?"r$%á) A<eriá(:' &árja !i%("n$á)á(, <Q) a )a%da$á)i e'n;*e(a% E=r:8ai ni:(:' i);e$%i <e)$%ere%ni9 RendQ&6' di8'"<a(i?

=$ <e)>")a'<a%á$9 -inden !i%"nn;a' a >ranUia &e%e( <a)= *%*(( e&+$!+ (a8in(a("$an >eje%(+ i <a)=a(9Lá(a(a('an 8a(r:n=$ai <e):&(á -ed);e$$;( a !=á$(:'9Bár<e'; &a':di!!na <"nda(: de<"ráUiá!an e); i';en <a'r =(án 'ee(e('en 'e(( &"'na a(a'<ána <e)(ar(á$a9 E<'+e%%6n U$a &i$$%a i''i Brand( &"'( n+<e( anUe''ár e$e(+re9 edi) "((ne< i$ Brand( &"'( a% ide)en a(a'"<na d"')"%: 6);n, ane<a!ine(ir"dájána e);i (a)ja9 -ed);e$$;ne a%"n!an <+) a "r?r=8Ui:?);an$ F'"!!i%á$á( i$ <e)!"U$á("((á9 7=rU$a <:d"n en?n+' j:&a' $%er+n;e!! er*'U$i F>"'( <ia(( .i$$ E'e<+r anUe''ária<ini$%(erne (á&"%nia e''e((9 Érdee$ <:d"n e%ee( a &a':!an30$%en%áUi:$ 6);ee( a <a);ar $aj(: ne< i);ee%e(( ('$á)"$an >e'?>jni9 Arr:' $e< (=d=n, "); a% a%"n"$ *%8"n(!:' rán;i("(( &i?'á)$aj(: da)a$%("((a &"'na !"(ránn;á e(9





310ier$%a"'á$ána "a9 A <ini$%(ere j:$%er+&e' <+) e' $e<>")'a'(á i&a(a'aia( <ári$ !eje'en(e((+ a% Or!án?"r<án; á'(a'U$ane< (e'je$ <+r(+!en <e''%*(( 8ri&a(i%áUi: >"';(a(á$á(9

-"nda(nán, &a':!an "(( >"';(a((á a "r<án;%á$(, a"' 1@? !an a!!aa);(á9 Aár ide i''i a >ranUiá B"=r!"n"ra Na8:'e"n=(áni &i$$%a(+r+$6 idej+n *'(*(( $%á'':i)+i)9 7"';(a(já a <+)<e)'+& ne<%e(i +r(+e e':(;a?&e(;+'+$+( a F6'>*'di !e>e(e?(ne9 Ne< (*rd&e a%%a', "); a <a);ar 'a"$$á)"( <i';en<+r(+!en (ere'i <e) a% ad"(( ne<%e(i &a);"n e'&e$%(+$e9edi) ee% a% e'<'( +&(i%ed 8ri&a(i%áUi:i +88en e'e)end 8+'dá&a' $%"')á'na9

A 7IDESZ 8ri&a(i%áUi:&a' a8U$"'a("$ e'(+r 8"'i(iája a%+r(ne (+&e$$%en <e) !enn6ne(9 E% ne< a%( je'en(i, "); <e)(a)ad(a&"'na a $%a!ad<P&e$ &i'á)a(a'"< U+'jaina &+)reaj(á$á(9 <á$ >e'ada("( a8"((9 A $%á<ára ije'*'( 8ri"ri(á$" <á$ (er<+?$%e(Pe &"'(a9 A% a<eriai "r<án;%a(i $%ere%e( ia'aQ(á$ána aárU$a a >e'6'e(e$ &i%$)á'a(a i$ arra en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni, "); a"r<án;%: a(a'"< +(8:'=$ <P*d(e(+$e a Q&án( &e%e(+$i <"?de''9 S%6$+)(e'enne (ar(já a de<"ráUiána ne&e%e(( >an("<

$"$%QnP, $""'da' aad+"$"dá$á(9 E'e)endne &+'i a "r?<án;%: +$ e''en%+ <P*d+$+(9 A !"'$e&i$(a Q$+r'e(!en <+) e%i$ $"na 'á($%"((9 -e)e'+)ed(e e); 8ár( &e%e(+$i e);ed=ra'<á?&a' i$9); (Pni a 7IDESZ 'e)>!! >e'ada(a a j"!!"'da'i 8ár(" anna e''en+re, "); a%" i$ 'á(en$ "<<=ni$(a &e%e(+$ a'a(( á'?'"((a !"<'a$%(á$a +$ e); r+$%6 <a)á!a?"'&a$%(á$a &"'(9 A <a?rad+ a !a'"'da'"n *(*(( i9 A $%i'árd <e));%d+$Pe 8edi)"';an i$e!!$+)!en <arad(a, a<e'';e' <ár ne< e''e(( $%á<"'ni9A 7IDESZ erre &"na("%: (e&+en;$+)e <ár a(a'"<ra j=(á$ae'(( <e)e%dd*((, a<e';ne e'$ á'd"%a(a a .ere$%(+n;de<"?ra(a N+88ár(, <ajd a% -D7 e((+$%aQ(á$a *&e(e%e((9Le)na);"!! (e'je$Q(<+n;e a .i$)a%da8ár( >e'"$%(á$a, <ajd(e'je$ <e)$e<<i$Q(+$e &"'(9 E'<"nda(j=# a% ered<+n; <e)+r?de<'i U$"dá'a(=na(9 E% <+) Rá"$ina i$ U$a a $%"&je( ad$e?





n;j(ani a n;a=a(9 E 6'*n*$ (6ne<+n; a%( a !en;"<á$( e'(i,<in(a a% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a na);a(a'"< .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a(!i?r"da'<á( $%a!ad<P&e$ *%&e(Q(+$$e' e);$%erPen e'adná a (en?)eren('i (ea8i(a'i$(a na);a(a'"<na9

A *%+8"r!an );aran e'>"rd='(, "); e);?e); á!"r 'e%á?rá$a+n( a &e$%(e$ >+' á(en)ed(e e); i$e!!?na);"!! (ar("<án;á?na (er6'e(+( a );%(e$ne9 E)+$% "r$%á) a%"n!an U$a :dQ(á$?+n( &"'( <e)$%ere%e(9312E); U$ane< >+'"n(inen$n;i (er6'e( (*!! ne<%e((e' e);6((&a': adá$&+(e'+re, <+)8edi) !+eid!en <indeddi) a% Qr"(( e<!e?ri (*r(+ne'e<!en ne< (a'á'=n 8+'dá(9

A%( (=dj=, "); a S%"&je(=ni: .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a(ai+r( a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r $"rán =$%"n+( <i''i: á''a<8"')árána a'á'á&a' >i%e(e((9 De, "); a rend$%er&á'(á$i (ran%aUi: ere(+!en<enn;i+r( ad(a ("&á!! a%( <a <+) ne< (=dj=9 A% <ár *r&"?na'a%:di, "); a% a<eriai a)re$$%i:&a' $j("(( "r$%á)" &+)'e?)e$ 8aUi>iá'á$á"%, a<e'; )a%da$á)i i>"$%(á$= e'en)ede(e('en>e'(+(e'e, a% j .e'e(?E=r:8ai );ar<a(i (er6'e(er' a% E);e$6'(á''a<" (+rQ(+$<en(e$en je'en($ );ne&e%e(( F!+e>enn(ar(:

a("nai e);$+)ee( a8"((, a<e';ne <inden *'($+)+( a NATO$%*&e($+) 6r6);+n <a)= &i$e'i9 A 'e)ja!! Ira!a 6'd*((ár"<$%á% >$ <a);ar "n(in)en$ ár"< :na8"$ *'($+)+( a<a);ar "r<án; a( +$ >+'<i''iárd >"rin(!an á''a8Q("((a <e), !i?%"n; ne< ('%á$ a 8e$(i %$ar)"n# Fne< $e<<iMA "r<án;%a( a F!+e>enn(ar(á$!an &a': r+$%&+(e' >"n("$?$á)á( a%%a' 8r:!á'ja i)a%"'ni, "); e''en$%"')á'(a(á$+n( &á''a'"?%:i 'ej($+)e( a8na Ira jjá+8Q(+$i <=nái!an, a<e';re (á?&"'<aradá$=n e$e(+n ne< $%á<Q(a(=n9 Nai& +8%e')+$M A%E);e$6'( Á''a<" ne< a%+r( !"<!á%(a $%+( Ira '+(e$Q(<+n;ei(,"); reUe$$%i: idej+n <á$"na adj"n "nj=n(=rá'i$ e$+';(9 E%(>enn(ar(ja <a)ána9 /=)"$%'á& Fjjá+8Q(+$+!en 8edi) a% i(( &ana $%"<$%+d!an $%in(e $e<+'<i''iárd >"rin( !e>e(e(e(( (+( !ani$%e<<e' &i%$)á'j=, a"r <+) a $%er+n; (Q% $%á%a'+"$ a$%"n



<e''e(( i$ Xa !e>e(e(e(( *$$%e) a<a(ai( i$ $%á<Q(á$!a &+&eY 'e)?a'á!! 10 <i''iárd >"rin( +r(+P XUUa9 30 <i''i: d"''árY jjá+8Q(+$i<e)!Q%á$( e''ene a8n=n >+'+&en+n(9E%en a "<"';an ne< &ee( &ára"%á$"n U$a <"$"';")ni

'ee(9 .a!ar+!a i'' e$e<+n; a <a);ar a("nai "n(in)en$ i$%á'?'Q(á$ána 6);e, A $aj(: "';an Qree( "%"((, "); a% 0 >$ e'r?$*( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" '+)iereje $%á''Q(ja <ajd, $ Q); (er<+$%e(e?$en enne *'($+)e ne< (ere'i a <a);ar "n&+d$+) *'($+)&e(+$?+(9 -ire a%"n!an e'j*(( enne ideje a "n&+d$+) 6'>*'di re86'?)+8ee( !+re'( a a("nai e);$+) i$%á''Q(á$ára9 Ind""'á$# A% a<e?riai '+)ier U$a je'en($ +$ede'e<<e' (=d(a &"'na a% a'a='a("(i$%á''Q(ani9 Idn;er+$ U+'já!:' Fe'n;*$ &"'( a 6'>*'di )+8e

313 !+r'+$e9 A <a);ar "r<án;%a( ide&"na("%: >i'"%:>iájána <e)?+r(+$+re +$%+r&e <+) a 'e))"nd"$a!! =(a(á$$a' $e< (a'á'a(:9Hi$%en ne< &i(a(a(:, "); a !+e>enn(ar(á$!an &a': <a);ar r+$%&+(e' ne< -a);ar"r$%á)na, ane< a% E);e$6'( á''a<"na á'' +rde+!en9 A"r =);an <i+r( "';an $6r)$WHa <ár NATO?$%*&e($+)e$+n( !e+n;$%er6'(6n enne ara!':);i'"$ á!"rna =(:&+d arUai!a, a"r enne <e)e%d+?

$+( ne< $6r)e(ni, ane< +88en e''ene%'e), <inden 'ee($+)e$<:d"n +$'e'(e(ni e''e(( &"'na9Ee';e(( i?);e'<en Q&6' a);&a je'en($ 8+n%( &"n=n e' a *'($+)&e(+$!'$(r+!er$+)6n <ie'!!i <e)&a':$Q(á$ára9 Ne<%e(i +rdeein i';en$';"$ <e)$+r(+$e 'á((án :a(a('an=' >e'<er6' a +rd+$# (='ajd"n?+88en i i$ "r<án;"%%á a% "r$%á)"(WA <a);ar ne&e <*)*(( &aj"n <a);ar", <a);ar+rdeP 8"?'i(i=$" á''naW A <a);ar"n Q&6' <i';en á''a<8"')ár$á) !ir("?"$aiW A >en(iee( $ajn"$ i)a%"'ni 'á($%i a "r<án;(a)" ide)enna);a(a'<a =(a$Q(á$aina &+)reaj(:i9 A (*!!e$ $%á< a$%ná?'a(a ind""'(a!!, <in( !ári i$ )"nd"'ná9-inde%%e' 8ár=%a<"$an a 'a"$$á) je'en($ r+$%+ne +'e(?$%Qn&"na'a 'á(&án;"$an r"<'i9 -i*%!en a "r<án;8r"8a)andaa <=nan+'6'i$+) U$*en+$+r', a 'a"$$á) &á$ár':erej+ne n*?





j >e'&e& 8iaU" <e)(ere<(+$e9 A F!e>e(e( ne< a%+r( &á$á?r"'(á >e' >i''+re+r( ne< e);$%er <+) a%( $e< >i%e((+ i a.e'e(?E=r:8ai (er<e'6%e<ee(, <er( a%" (er<e'+$+re $%6$+)6 &"'(9 S"a' iná!! a%+r(, "); a%" nee%en i+8Q(e(( 6'>*'di

8iaUai( <e)$%ere%%+, <ajd $ajá( a%ai 6%e<ei (er<e'+$+!' (e'? je$Q($+ a% e8"r($%á''Q(á$"a(9 Enne <e)>e'e'en >""%a("$anU$*en(e((+ a <e)$%er%e(( 6%e<e (er<e'+$+(, <=ná$aia( 8e?di) a% =(Uára (e((+, "); a "rá!!an ráj= +n;$%erQ(e(( $%"Uia?'i$(a )a%dá'"dá$ U$dje <ia(( a i>"$%("(( á''a< >i%e$$e <=na?n+'6'i $e)+';eie(9A% a<eriai )a%da$á) a%"n!an <+) a "r'á("%"(( 'ee($+)ei(i$ U$a "r'á("%"((an (=d(a ia$%ná'ni9 A% e'$%e)+n;Q(e(( .e'e(?

E=r:8ai á''a<" ne< (=d(á !e>")adni a% a<eriai e8an%i: 'e)?$%á<"((e&!! (er<+ei(9 A Qná'a(!an $%ere8' na); +r(+P )+? 8e, );ár(á$$"r" +$ i8ari (eUn"':)iá <e)&á$ár'á$a <e)a'ad(aa% a<); i$ e'ad:$"d"(( F>e'$%a!adQ("(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai "r$%á)" 'ee($+)ei(9 A 8iaU)a%da$á)ra &a': á((+r+$ a<); i$ ne+% $%6?'+$ne !i%"n;='( +$ $e<<i+88en $e< ed&e%e(( a *'($+)e$ *?%e8e$ +$ na);!er=á%á$"na9 E((' >6))e('en6' a% a<eriai )a%?da$á) $ajá("$ <P*d+$+ne <inden $%+'á<"$$á)a "); di&a?

("$ i>eje%+$$e' +'j6n F!e);PrP%*(( a <e));*(*r( "r$%á)" +'e(+!e9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a rend$%er&á'("(( "r$%á)" n+8ei(&ára('an=' +r(e a F"r'á('an 'ee($+)e );a"r'a(a9 Ne< &"'( ide''en >e'+$%6'ni e F(i$%(e$$+)e$ 6'>*'di &á''a'"%: e''eni"%%áj= <+'(: &i$e'ed+$re9 A >e''a%='( á''a8"(" *%e8e((e a%(áne'$%a!ad='( a% á''a*'di31ár=( =);ani$ U$a raj(= ere$%(6' 'ee(e(( a% "r$%á)!a !ej=((a(ni,e$e(en+n( i&inni9 Ne< <en(e ri(a$á)$%á<!a a <e$+!e, $( aa!ar+!a i'' e$e(e $e<9 -a);ar"r$%á)"n (*r(+n( <e), "); a%e);+!+n( $%i)"r$á)ár:' e'Qre$6'( 'e)>e'$!! &á<8aranU$n" a%A<eriá!:' ("nna$%á<ra !e"%"(( );ne&e%e(( a8ar:$ $"r$je?);ee( *%*n$+)e$ 8a8Qrár=+n( &á<"'(a((a <e)9 Te(e<e$ a$%ná( 8edi) <inden ad:>i%e(+$ <e''%+$+&e' +$%re&+('en6' i&i((+ a%



"r$%á)!:' A% á''a< 6'*n!*% $%in(P &e%e(i <+)i$ a%%a' +r&e'?(e, "); a 'a"$$á)na (i$%(e'nie e'' e%ee( a 6'>*'di F&á''a'"?%:a(, <er( F8+n%( "%na a% "r$%á)!a9 /:Q%P( <='a((=n a%"ni$, a<i"r a% e);i 6'>*'dr' a%a$%aad( !anár=n je'en($

<enn;i$+)P aran;a( &i(( i 6'>*'dre F<e)<=ná'á$ra, <ajd$';!an j:&a' (*!! F<e)<=ná'( +$%er( "%"(( &i$$%a9 er$%e&á< <e)>i%e(+$e n+'6'9 A $"r( <+) "$$%an 'ee(ne >"';(a(ni9Ann;i !i%"n;"$, .e'e(?E=r:8a n+8ei( enn;i 6'>*'di $%+'á<"$$%erenU$e'"&a) (*r(+ne'<e $"rán <+) $"a$e< $arU"'(a, <in( arend$%er&á'(á$ idej+n +$ 6r6);+n9E);idejP'e) &a)"n, $( $%ere'&+n; $%á<ra *<'*(( a% "r$%á)!aa 6'*n!*% n;=)a(i ár=9 Hir(e'en a8ni 'ee(e(( a'i>"rniai 8a8ri?

á(:' e%d&e a% i$<ere('en erede(P dara!$%á<ra <+re)drá)án<+r( 6'>*'di %*'da'<ái) <inden(9 7ranUia, n+<e(, "''and, ja8án,"reai +$ <+) $%á<"$ i$<ere('en (á&"'e'ed á%(ar(á$i )+8e +$$%:ra"%(a(: e'e(r"nia 'e8(e e' a% 6%'e(ee(, $( <+) a %*'d$+)? 8iaU"a( i$9 E%e a $%+8re >"r<a(er&e%e((, de "(("n <á$ "r$%e?rP('en (er<+e ("&á!! a8a$%("((á a 'a"$$á) a<); $e< d=%%a?d: 8+n%(árUájá(9 A (e e%((a' $e< !e>e'+ j*((, anee'+ <en(9Érdee$ 'á(&án; &"'( a rend$%er&á'(á$ e'$ +&ei!en a na);"!!

(e'e86'+$een ia'a='( );ne&e%e(( .GST 8iaU9 Len);e'e, r"?<án", =rán" +$ a &"'( S%"&je(=ni: á''a<ai!:' X<+) Tad%$i"?a( i$ 'á((a<Y +re% e<!ere ár=Qná'a(a9 A 'en);e'e <ár "?rá!!an, a $%"Uia'i%<=$ a):niája idej+n i$ e'+) na); $%á<!an +r?e%(e9 7e'(Pn &"'(, "); a r"<án á''a<8"')ár$á)a *%*(( n"a e% 'e(( &"'na a (er<+$%e(e$ ne< a% erd+';i <a);ar" &"'?(a (*!!$+)!en9 A%( e''e(( (a8a$%(a'ni, "); a r"<án $%ár<a%á?$a +'e'<e$e!!e, rá<en$e!!e &"'(a9 De a 'e)ener)i=$a!? !a +$ e);!en 'e)(*!!en a% "r"$%"na ne&e%e((e &"'(a9 S(&annaM Bár 6'*n*$en a r"<án á''a<8"')ár" a% ár=i+r(<e)$%er%e(( 8+n% je'en($ r+$%+n +'e'<i$%er( &á$ár"'(a, <+)i$315"<"'; &á$ár':er a);(a e' a 8iaU"%: r+&+n i$ a% "r$%á)"(9 E% i$ind""'(a, "); e);?+( +& <'&a a <a);ar &á<$%er&e "r'á("%?ni e%d(+ e 6'*n*$ i<8"r("(9 E%%e' a8U$"'a(!an i$<+( >=rU$a



je'en$+)ne 'ee((6n (ani9 A 'en);e'e a%áj= )a%da$á)ána &i$%"n;'a)"$ "n$%"'idáUi:ja =(án <a)=(:', <inden +n;$%er?in(+%ed+$ n+'6' >""%a("$an e'<arad(a, =);an); a d+'&id+i?e i$, !ár e%e $%á<a a<); $e< &"'( je'en($9 A r"<án"a(

a%"n!an U$a &á<rend$%a!á';"a' 'ee(e(( &i$$%a(ar(ani9 -ind?e%e ered<+n;e+n( a i'enU&ene$ +&e =("'$: ar<adá!an a.GST?8iaU" erede(i >"r<áj=!an <e)$%Pn(e9 -e)<arad(a &i?$%"n( a &"'( S%"&je(=ni: =(:dá''a<ai!:' >'e) rajná!:' +r?e% ár=$" (e'je$ '+($%á<=!an9-ár ne<U$a a a%áj=!:' "%"(( $%er$%á<"a( ár=$Q(já,ane< 6'*n!*% N;=)a(?e=r:8ai "r$%á)"!:' >e'(ee(en a&á< <e)er6'+$+&e' !e"%"(( a$"n': ár=a( i$9 S%in(e iderQ(?

e(e('en ""ná' >")&a e( a a%ai &á<$%er&e ne< "r'á("%%á9A'i) ie(, "); a $ajá( $%aá''=ra 'enn+ne e'n+%e9 Va'a<i"ná' >")&a e' e'' (Prni6 e(9 H"); a%(án <i!' +'neW A%(ne< (=dni9 A >"r)a'<=a( <e)>i);e'&e <e)á''a8Q(a(: a!!:' !i%("$an ne<9 A% 15 +&i a=$%(rá'iai =(a< $"rán <e)'e8d&e (a? 8a$%(a'(a<, "); <+) a <e'!"=rnei 8iaU"n i$ (a'á'a(: &"'( *?%6'6 e);?+( Fár=$9 Lee(, "); a 'e)ja!! "ri e'e(i Qr$%er?%+$ ie';e%e(( $ej(jei, ai <P*d+$i *'($+)6 e); r+$%+( e$e('e)

8iaUi ár=$na á'Uá%"(( (e&+en;$+)6e' (ere<(i e'WA rend$%er&á'(á$ n;er(e$eine <+)i$ a .Qnaiaa( e'' (ein(e?n6n9 Vie(na<i, (a'án "reai +$ >'e) Qnai 8iaUi ár=$" =);an?U$a (*<e)+&e' 'e8(+ e', e%de(!en a 8iaU"a(, <ajd >""%a("$ani$e!!, +$!! na);"!! !"'("a( n;i("((a9 A );en)e <in$+)P+$ rendQ&6' "'U$: r=á%a(i (er<+e, 'á!!e'i, );er<ejá(+" e'+8e$%( <enn;i$+)!en ára$%(já e' ne<U$a .e'e(?E=r:8á(,ane< a% e)+$% &i'á)"(9 E% a':' ne< i&+(e' a% E);e$6'( á''a<" $e<9 15?e$ a<eriai =(a< $"rán err' $%e<+';e$en i$ <e));?%de((e<9 Ajánd++n( $%ere((e< &"'na U$a'ád(a)jai<na 8+n%?(árUá< $%er+n;$+)+ne <e)>e'e' e);$%erP ajánd+"( "%ni, (er?<+$%e(e$en a<eriai (er<+e(9 Vend+)'á(:i<<a' <e)'ee($en$" 6%'e(!en <e)>"rd='(=n, de <inden6(( U$a .Qnai ár=&a' (a?'á'"%(=n9 S%in(e <inden &ár"$!an <e)(a'á'ni a Jina("_n?(,&a);i$ a .Qnai ne);ede(9 E"r +r(e((e< U$a <e) i)a%án, <i+r( i$



31@$e)Q(e((e A<eria a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án );%e'e<re a"<<=ni$(a .Qnai >"rrada'<a(9 E%((a' S%(á'in aara(a e''en+rea8"(( e); er$ ide"':)iai $%*&e($+)e$(9

A "<<=ni%<=$ a'"dájá!a %ár(, .Qnai i8ar e8an%i:ja n+<i+$+$$e' =);an <+)i$ e'+r(e a% E);e$6'( á''a<"a(9 A% a<eriai*nn;Pi8ar e);re nee%e!! e';%e(!e er6'(9 /:' >i%e(e(( <=na?ereje a 8iaU $%P6'+$+&e' e);re drá)á!!an (er<e'(, &er$en;+8e$?$+)e a(a$%(r">á'i$an r"<'"((9 Ter<e'6%e<ei( +n;(e'en &"'( i?e';e%ni a% "'U$:!+rP 'a(ina<eriai á''a<"!a9 E%%e' $ier6'( n+?<i'e) 'eU$*en(enie a% "nnan i''e)á'i$an !e&ánd"r': '+($%á<á(,a )a%da$á)i e);en'e) <+)i$ &e$%(e$+)e( "%"((9 A );ára á((e'e?

8Q(+$e r+&+n $%in(e e);i +&r' a <á$ira ar<inU<i''i: <=na?n+'6'i e'e(e%e(( +$ (ere'(e <e) a% á''a< $%"Uiá'i$ e''á(: rend?$%er+(9Ha''"((a< "';an a<eriai &+'e<+n;( i$, "); a .Qnai e8"r(>")adá$á&a' 'ee( U$a 'e&e%e(ni a .Qnai !++$ e8an%i: n;"<á?$á(9 7+' =);ani$, "); enne <e)aadá';"%á$á( .Qna á!"r$e8an%i:ja *&e(n+9 -ár8edi) a '+($%á<á!an <in(e); *($%*r na?);"!! a("nai er&e' a<e'; <ár a("<>e);&eree' i$ rende'e?

%i &a': <e)<+r%+$ &+)ered<+n;+( a'i)a 'ee( <e)j:$"'ni9-inden+88en "Uá%a("$ &á''a'"%á$na (Pni9 É$ a"r .Qna'ee($+)e$ $%*&e($+)e$eir' ne< i$ $%:'(=n9 E); .Qná&a' &a':"n>'i(=$ e$e(+re A<eria $%*&e($+)e$eine $%á<!e&+(e'e $"a'*nn;e!! 'enne9 Erre a 20039 +&i Ira e''eni a<eriai?!ri( a)re$%?$%i: j: <e)*%e'Q(+$$e' $%"')á', de erre <+) &i$$%a(+r6n9-a);ar"r$%á)"n 6'*n*$en B=da8e$(en e);<á$ =(ánn;Q'na <e) a .Qnai );"r$!6>+ +$ +((er<e9 A a);"<án;"$<a);ar +((er<e $%á<a na8r:'?na8ra U$*en9 E% a%+r( i$ >ájda'?<a$ $%á<=nra, <er( a <+'(án Qre$ <a);ar "n;a <ár ne<U$a 6'>*'d*n &e$%Q(i e' 8"%QUi:i(, ane< i(("n i$9 Na); iQ&:ja a%a<eriai a<!=r)er +$ a% "'a$% 8i%%a =);anU$a &i$$%a$%"r=':!an&an a .Qnai );"r$!6>+e' $%e<!en9 E .Qnai &á''a'"%á$"a'e);re (*!! .Qnai n;"<=' !e a% "r$%á)!a, <a)=a' "%&a a% a'?&i'á)"( i$, a<e'';e' $%e<!en ne<U$a a .e'e(?E=r:8ai, ane< a



&i'á) !ár<e'; rendr$+)e i$ (ee(e('enne !i%"n;='9 -a);ar"r?$%á)"n de &+'e(en <á$ "r$%á)"!an i$ <+) $%á<!a&enni$e< (=djá a% "r$%á)!an '+& .Qnaiaa(9 R*&ide$en .Qnána "';an *(*di ad"$%'"8a $%á''ja <e) a &i'á) <inden "r$%á)á(,

31a<e';e( a%" +8(e'ene 'e$%ne e%e'ni9 A% e);re $%+'e$ed .Q?nai ár=!$+) +$ &á'a$%(+ arra a *&e(e%(e(+$re j=((a(ja a (ár);i?'a)"$ )"nd"'"d:(, "); <ár U$a a .Qnaia d"')"%na, i$%ena'i) (a'á'"%i "';an (er<+ee' a<e';e ne< .Qná!:' $%ár<a%?na9 Enne "$$% (á& &e$%+';e 8edi) !e'á(a(a('an9 /e'en'e) );>e$( a d"'"), "); a >*'d n+8e$$+)+ne !9 e);*(*de X.QnaY e);"';an );ar<a(, a<e';ne er>"rrá$ai( a n+);*(*dr+$% %$á<á?

n;"'ja i9 De "rd='W É$ a% e);*(*de); ár=e<!ar):&a' <e)>"j(ja a n+);*(*d*(W Hi$%en e%e a% "'U$:.Qnai i<8"r( <ia(( 'e+8Q(e((+, $( U$ane< (e'je$en <e)$%6n(e(?(+ e%ene a *%$%6$+)'e(i Uiene a );ár(á$á(9Ha e%%e' e);idejP'e) e% a <inden"&á i(erjed( *(*di ad?"$%'"8 >e);&er( i$ >") a !e>")ad: e''en, e%e a de<"ráUia i8?n:%i$á!an &er)d "r$%á)" ár(;a&ár+n( "<'ana *$$%e9 Hi$%en>e);&ere$ erej6e( a <"derni%áUi: a<i$ je'$%a&á&a' a <Qni=<ra

U$*en(e((+9 A rend&+de'enn(ar(ani9A ja8án a=(:i8ar +$ a $%:ra"%(a(: e'e(r"nia );"r$ >ej'd+?$e <ia(( A<eria +n;(e'en &"'( !e'$ +$ 6'$ 8iaUai( a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an '+8reU$a'(, <ajd (*nre&er( "r$%á))a' <e)"$%(ani9A .Qnai *nn;Pi8ar 8edi) &a':$á))a' 'e(erQ(e((e, <ajd i&+)e%(ea% a<eriai r=á%a(i +$ a$%ná'a(i Uie (e'je$ &er(i=<á(9 AS%"&je(=ni: );<"nd *$$%e"<'á$á&a' a a(a'<a$ra d=%%a$%("((a<eriai >e);&er);ár(á$ i$ &á'$á)!a er6'(9 -Q) a ide)á!"r$$%+dQ(+$ idej+n a rá$%ede(( á''a<" e);i >e'+( a S%"&je(=ni:>e);&ere%(e >e', a &e'e $%e<!ená'': "r$%á) &e%e(in+' );"r$an<e)je'en(e a% a<eriai á%a': a% e); >"a' >ej'e((e!! >e);&e?reie( Qná'&a9 E%%e' a (r6e' $ier6'( e'+rni, "); a <á$"di &i?'á)á!"r( *&e( <in(e); >+' +&$%á%ad"n á( a >*'d &a'a<e'; r+?$%+n <indi) >"';( i$e!!?na);"!! <+re(P á!"r9



A% i';en á!"r$ (P%>+$%e $%i(á$á!an a% erre $8eUia'i%á'($%"&je( 6);n** ie(e('en jár(a$$á)ra (e((e $%er(9 Nei &"'(F*$%*ne( "); e á!"r e);<á$( *&e( 'ánU"'a(a, n+a<+) á( i$ >ed&e e);<á$(, >"';a<a("$an >e'$%Q&(a a% a<eriai +$ a

$%"&je( >e);&er);ár(: i8ar (er<e'+$+(9Bi%("$Q(&a e%%e' a% á); );ár"$ 8'=("ráUia <+re(e('en<e))a%da)"dá$á(9320A je'en($ >e);&ere8"r( a%"n!an ne< (=d(a 8:("'ni a% a<e?riai )a%da$á) (*!!i 'e$%á'': á)!a er6'( i8ará)aina &á'$á)á(9 Aa(a'<a$ á''a< ad: !e&+(e'ei e);re j"!!an %$=)"r"d(a9 E%%e'$%e<!en a% á''ai);e'(+ a<in( "r<án;= *$$%e(+&e$%(e((e a% á''a<á%?(ar(á$ !e&+(e'i "'da'á( a iadá$i "'da''a'9 Enne +&r'?+&re &a':i$<+('d+$e "da &e%e(e((, "); a% á''a< ie(e('en <+r(+!en e'?ad:$"d"((9 A Rea)an "r<án; idej+n a% a<eriai )a%da$á) á''a? 8"(a <inden "rá!!iná' ed&e%('ene!!+ &á'( a +($+)!eej(e';%e( ja&Q(á$a +rde+!en a 'e)>e'$!! 'á(a(a('an $%a!ad<P?&e$ a(a'"< a% á'(a'a (*!! <in( e(&en +&en á( (P%%e'?&a$$a'?

&+rre' '+(re"%"(( á''a<a8i(a'i$(a Q$+r'e(i (e'e8 $%aná'á$a <e''e((d*n(*((9 A $%"&je( adii8ari =(a(á$", a<e'; a% a<eriai j >e);?&errend$%ere (e$%(e'+$+( i$ &+)e%(e, ('$á)"$an $" 8+n%( i)+?n;e'(9+n%e'ni e''e(( a% A<eria +rde+!en +$ anna Q&án$á)ára>enn(ar("(( a(a'<a$ $%"&je( ader( i$9 -inde%e <e)a'ad(á ar:ni=$ &á'$á)!a j=("(( a<eriai )a%da$á) 'ee($+)ei(9A% );ne&e%e(( $%"Uia'i%<=$ a8i(a'i%<=$$á &a': á(>"rdQ(á$á(a%%a' ind""'(á, "); a $%"&je( )a%da$á) *$$%e"<'"((, $ <a)á(:'<'"(( i9 A &i'á) j"ri (*r(+ne(+ne 'e)na);"!! $%e<>+n;&e$%?(+$e9 A% F*$$%e"<'á$( e'+$%Q(end a% a<eriai 8r"8a)anda a%?%a' $%+dQ(e((e a &i'á)"(, "); a S%"&je(=ni:( rá e'' +n;$%erQ(enia% e)+$% &i'á)"( e'8=$%(Q(ani +8e$ >e);&er+$%'e(+ne 'e$%ere'+?$+re, <ajd <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+re9 A )"nd"$an <e)ir( $%ere8ee( +&e?i) já($%"((á9 A 'e$%ere'end >e);&er%e(e *r+( ); je'*'(+ i,



"); a!!a A<eria $%*&e($+)e$eine a(a'<a$ á'd"%a(" árán a$%"&je( &e$%+'; e''en (*!!n;ire A<eriá(:' &á$ár"'( adrend!eá''Q("(( >e);&er?rend$%erei i$ !e'ee$$ene9 A $%"&je(\a<eriai 'e?$%ere'+$i <e)á''a8"dá$"!a $%i)"r e''enr%+$i 8a$$%=$"a( i$

!e'e>")'a'(a9 J$a"); e%ee( ne< a S%"&je(=ni: e''en, ane<A<eria $%*&e($+)e$ei&e' $%e<!en +r&+n;e$Q(e((+9 A% e''enr?%+$re *%*$ $%"&je(?a<eriai !i%"(($á)"a( "%(a '+(re9 E%%e' a%a >=rU$a e';%e( a'a='( i, "); a S%"&je(=ni: 'e$%ere'+$+ne e'?'enr%+$e 6r6);+n '+(re"%"(( *%*$ !i%"(($á) A<eria $%*&e($+?)e$ei( >'e) 7ranUia"r$%á)"(, +$ N+<e("r$%á)"( e''enri%(e9 A<e?321ria +$ a S%"&je(=ni: e);<á$ 'e$%ere'+$+( 8edi) U$a $aj(:de'ará?

Ui:!an "n(r"'á'(a9A 6'*n!*% 'e$%ere'+$i "n>erenUiá !e(e(%+$e a (*!! +&e$(ár);a'á$" Fered<+n;e+n( 1@59 deUe<!er 5?(' 10?i) (ar(:a<eriai?$%"&je( U$U$(a'á'"%: a$in)("n?i <e)(ar(á$á&a' (*r?(+n(9 A");an e%( a n;i'&án"$$á) (=dja9 A &a':$á)!an i(( a *%e? 8e$ a(:(á&"'$á) n='eári$ >e);&ere (e'je$ 'e$%ere'+$+r' na);&a':$%QnP$+) $%erin( a $aj(:(áj+"%(a(:"n Q&6' $%: $e< e$e((9-i+r( i$ $%ere'(+ &"'na 'e a na); *'($+))e' i>ej'e$%(e(( >e);&e?

reie(W Hi$%en ne< e);<á$ e''en "%(á a%"a( '+(re9 S"a' in?á!! 'ee($+)e$ e''en>e'ei e''en9 E% a F&e$%+'; 8edi) $e< ne<U$*en(, $e< ne< n*&eede((, &a);i$ e);$%erPen $"a$e< '+(e?%e((9A (*!!>"rd=':$ "$$% (ár);a'á$" $"rán a "(( +rde<i<=ná( e);á'(a'án &+)e%(e, a%" <ind&+)i) a $%"Uia'i$(a (ár$a?da'<i, de >+88en a )a%da$á)i rend$%er $%aná'á$ár:' >"';a((a,i$%en a% ered<+n; e!!en >")'a'a(: *$$%e9A (e'e&Q%i: na);*%*n$+)e r+$%+re *%&e(Q(e(( a'áQrá$i Uere?<:nián 'á(a(: &"'(, "); a% e);e%<+n; e); &a$(a) *n;& <+re?(+( (e((e i, a<e';!' <ind*$$%e e);?+( "'da'a$ 8r"8a)anda >rá%i?$"a' (e'e(P%de'( j$á)Uie( *%*'(e9 E%( a F$e<<i( a%(ánna); 8á("$$%a' (*r(+ne'<i na);$á) je'%e' i''e(&e (á'a'(á +$"<<en(á'(á "$$% e(ei)?:na8"i)9 -a)á( a% a'áQrá$i a(=$(6nne8+';e$ne $%án(á, de a "<i=$ je'% $"a' iná!! i''i rá9



Lá(j=, a<in( Rea)an e'n* +$ G"r!aU$"& e'n* (e)e%d+$re&á'(ana, <"nda(nán F8er(=( i$%na9 Ör*<+!en a +( á''a<>+$ n+8e$ Q$+re(e a N+&a?8ar(i e$(+ UQ$%ere8'

a%"n!an arU= <inden ránd='á$a n+'6' &+)i)já($%"((á a 6'*n*$ !":%a("(9 A'aQ(á$= aár (*!! O$%ár?dQja( i$ <e)+rde<e'ne9-ind+( $%a!ad<P&e$ "r<án; >e);e'<e%e(( <:d"n en?)ede'<e$ede(( +$ aj("((a &+)re a 'á(a(a('an Ui"ni$(a $%a!ad?<P&e$ &i'á)a(a'"< =(a$Q(á$ai(9 G"r!aU$"& <inden &a':$ " n+'?6', <inden e''ene%+$( <e''%&e ad(a >e' a U$ane< e); +&$%á?%ad"$ =);anU$a a $%a!ad<P&e$ &i'á)a(a'"< irán;Q(á$á&a' '+(?re"%"(( "<<=ni$(a )a%da$á)i Q$+r'e(e( <inden &Q&<án;á&a'

e);6((9322T='ajd"n+88en e%( a% a'áQrá$i a(=$( e'' a rend$%er&á'(á$Fde j=re e%de(+ne (ein(eni9 A <e)"'dá$ na);"n i$ renda);:9A (*r(+ne'e< $"rán a na); (ár$ada'aU("?<:d"n (*r(+n(e, a<e';e( a%=(án *&e(e(( a de j=re !e>eje%+$9A% a (+n;, "); e%((a' e% >"rdQ(&a (*r(+n(, *n<a)á!an i$ je'%i

a >e'6'r' rán;i("((, <e$(er$+)e$ (ár$ada'i);e'e<re <+'(:, <er( a !"'$e&i$(a &a$$%i)"r en;6'+$+&e' a% );ne&e%e(( $%"Uia'i%<=$ a'a8d")<ái a<ar"$ana n+8i =<"r (+<ái&á &á'(a9 E%( 8edi) (*r&+n;$%erPen *&e((e a$%"Uia'i$(a )a%da$á) >""%a("$ U$dje9 Enne e''en+re iá!a&ár(á ne< *&e(e%e(( !e (ár$ada'e'6'r'e''e(( $%+);en?$%e<re !e&a''ani a% á'(a'= $%á%<i''i: a'"(( >e'?á'd"%á$á&a' '+(re"%"((, <ár a'a8jai!an i!á$ )a%da$á)i <"de''<P*d+$+8(e'en$+)+(9E%((a' a N+<e("r$%á) $%Q&+!en <e$(er$+)e$en reá'( .e?'e(bN;=)a( Ber'in $e< !i%("$Q("((a a% e'$ &i'á)á!"r =(áni 'en?);e' "rrid"r +$ Dan%i) $%ere8+(9 A n+<e(e <"$( )"nd"$an ie?r6'(+ e%( a &e$%+';e$ U$a8dá(9 Hiá!a "$%("((á e((+ e%( a na);<'( >&ár"$( a !"'$e&i$(a $%+);en>a''a'9 A n+<e(e e%( a <e)?a'á%(a(á$( i$ e'(Pr(+9 E% a >a' $%: $%erin( a <P&e'( &i'á) $%+);en+?



&+ &á'(9 A &i'á) <inden r+$%+!' *%*n'*((e a (=ri$(á U$ane<ar<inU +&en á(, "); $%e<+';e$en i$ 'á(a$$á a !"'$e&i$(a !r=?(a'i(á$ e 6'*n*$ (ár);i <e)n;i'&án='á$á(9 V+)6' i$ <a)a a e'e(?n+<e( !"'$e&i$(a a(a'"< r"<!"'(a 'e -"$%&a 8aranU$ára a% j?

"ri e<!eri (*r(+ne'e< 'e));P'*'(e!! +8Q(<+n;+(9A >a'!"n(á$ 'á(&án;"$ <e)e%d+$+&e' "(( (a'á'j= Rea)an( +$G"r!aU$"&"( i$, a<in( &+$&e' +$ a'a8áUU$a' a e%6!en &+$i a+( na);a(a'"< á'(a' *%*$en reá'( $%+);en>a'a(9 A "<<=ni%?<=$ <e$(er$+)e$ <e)!=(a(á$á&a' a% a<eriai )a%da$á) &á'$á)a'+'e)%e(&+(e'e% j=("((9 E% =);an ne< j )a%da$á)i er>"rrá$" e'e(e%+$+( je'en(e((e, $"a' iná!! a a(a'<a$ >e'>"rd='á$( i?+r, a ne<%e(*%i $aj(: á'(a' na); 'án)ra +'e$%(e(( '+'e(ani !ra?

&r(9 A% a<eriai )a%da$á) $%ere8'i 6);n** adá( $%a!adQ("((aa U$d!e er)e(e(( $%"Uia'i$(a "r$%á)"ra, "); a 'e)$"&án;a!! 8iaUi 'ee($+)ee( i$ >e'=(a$$á9323A e';i $aj(: $e)Q($+)+&e' a 'ee( 'e)<+';e!!re $%"rQ(&a a%e);+!+n( <+) &er$en;+8e$ (er<e'+$re +8e$ 6%e<e +r(++(,>i''+re+r( >e'&á$ár"'já9Ée$ i+na+n( &e(e((+ rá <a)=a( e $%erenU$+('en ne<%e(e

*$$%e$ ja&aira9 A $%"Uia'i%<=$ <á"n;á&a' ne);&en +&en á( á? !Q("(( .e'e(?E=r:8ai n+8e e);i á<='a(!:' a <á$i!a e$&e (ee?(e('en6' n+%(+, "); ide)en'e'P &e%e(i $e)Q($+)+&e' ");an>"$%(já i a%áj=a(9 J$a e&e$en <er(+ <e)>")a'<a%ni a e?$erP &a':$á)"(, <i$%erin( a ne<%e(*%i %$id:$á) a $%"Uia'i%<=$<e)&á'(: (anaina 6r6);+n +($%er i$ i>"$%("((a a%áj=a(9 E'$Q%!en a $%"Uia'i$(a (ár$ada'"< ia'aQ(á$a $"rán (*r(+n á''a<"$Q?(á$$a', <á$"d$%er 8edi) a $%"Uia'i$(a á''a< $%aná'á$a $"rán a 8ri?&a(i%áUi:&a'9Ai n;i("(( $%e<<e' >i);e'(e a% e$e<+n;ee(, +n;(e'en &"'((a8a$%(a'ni# a a$%"n+'&e% <ind+( e$e(!en =);ana%"9 A !"'?$e&i%<=$ $%aná'á$á&a' a% a<eriai "r<án;%a( ne< (=d(a &i$$%a?>"rdQ(ani a a(a'<a$ "r$%á) )a%da$á)i r"<'á$á(9 iaUai ne< !?&6'(e, er>"rrá$ai ne< n*&eed(e9 A S%"&je(=ni: +$ =(:dá''a<aiU$a á!"r!an !i%"n;='(a j: 8ar(nerne9 A !++$ (er<e'+$i +$



)a%da$á)i a8U$"'a("!an anná' e&+$!+9 A "<<=ni%<=$ >e'?$%á<"'á$a +$ a S%"&je(=ni: >e'$%a!da'á$a U$=8án ann;i )a%da$á)ie'nn;e' jár(, "); A<eria i'+8e(e(( a $%"&je( ader?>ej'e$%(+$an;a)i (á<")a(á$á!:', a<e'; =);an je'en($ (+(e' 'ee(e((, de );

(Pni a )"nd"a( ne< "'d"((a <e), U$=8án en;Q(e((e9 A S%"&je(?=ni: ne<%e(á''a<"ra !"n(á$ána $%6$+)e$$+)e +88en a%+r( <e?r6'( >e', <er( a a(a'<a$ a("nai "<8'e=<, a<e';ne >ej'e$%(+$?re &"na("%: 8+n%e'+$e <inden+88en <e)a'ad(a a 'e$%á'':á)!aer6'( a<eriai )a%da$á) 'ee($+)ei(9 Bi%("$ra &ee(, ");e);e$ >e);&erQ$+r'e(e r+$%ei, a 8r:!a8+'dán;" (e$%(e'+$ei 6'*n*$en a &e$%+';e$e!! (er<+$%e(Pe e%=(án i$ a% "r"$% ad?$ere) Q$+r'e(i (e'e8ein (*r(+ni <ajd, de e%e 6r6);+n <ár ne<

e'' 8+n%e'ni a (*!! <i''i:$ $%"&je( ader(9-á$ +$$%erP <a);ará%a(á( =);ani$ 'ee(e('en adni a (P%%e'?&a$$a', de <+)i$ e));+ "&áU$"'( $%"&je( )a%da$á)i $%ere%e( >e'?a8rQ(á$ána9A $%"Uia'i$(a (ár$ada'"< >e'$%á<"'á$ára, j"!!an <"nd&a á(?>"rdQ(á$ára ije'*'( G"r!aU$"& a%"n!an ne< (=d(a a(a'<á( á(?<en(eni9 ); (Pni a 'e)>e'$!! e'&i irán;Q(: <ene$%(+$e <e''e((324

d*n(*((e9 A "rá!!an +88en á'(a'a <e)>e);e'<e%e(( /e'Uin r*&id 8"'i(iai !ir:%á$!an e'+8e$%( );%e'<+&e' i&"n(a ( a >"r)a?'"<!:'9 G"r!aU$"&"( re>"r<ereine (*!!$+)e U$er!ena);(a, a<e)<arad: 8edi) e'er('ened(e9 /e'Uin( +rdee$ <:d"n a $%"Ui?a'i%<=$( (á<")a(: er i$ $e)Q(e((+9 Bár); <:d"n a!!an re?<+n;ed(e, <ajd &i$$%aá''(ja a na); Lenin *r*$+)+(9 Va':!an/e'Uin <+) <e)(ee((e &"'na, a <e)en)edi nei9 J$a"); e% aF&i$$%a>"rdQ(á$ a"); ja!! $%:a$%ná'a((a' <"ndjá, ne< (ar("?%"(( a "<8e(enUiájá!a9 =);ananna a (i("$ a(a'"<na &"'(+n;(e'en en)ede'<e$edni, ai G"r!aU$"& e%+( i$ rán;i("((a9 Ne(ar($= a &+'e('en <P&+ne, "); <+) a(a'"<raj(á$a e'(( je'Uini$ <e)>"rd='( a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!an, a"' (e'je*r6' e'i)a%Q(á$(a8"((9Ha 8edi) anna ne< (e(( &"'na e'e)e(, a &+de'<+re -"$%&á? !a rende'( i%rae'i (i("$$%"')á'a( r*&id ("n ( i$ i&"n(a &"'na a



>"r)a'"<!:'9-ái) &i(a("((, "); i, >'e) <i';en 8"'i(ia &+de'<e%i Q$+?re'(+ <e) 119 a=)=$%(=$ 1?22 *%*(( a G"r!aU$"& e''eni 8=UU$"(9 );ana"r /e'Uin e''en, ai 8edi) !e>eje%(e a $%"Uia'i%?

<=$ >e'$%á<"'á$á(, a 'e)i$e!! er$%ar:' $e< (=d=n9 Lee(,"); G"r!aU$"& e''en ne< a rend$%er&á'(á$( e''en% er, ane<+88en a >"';a<a("( );"r$Q(ani i);e& '+8(e >e'WA ia'a='(, $"a' iná!! ia'aQ("(( a"(i=$ +$ (e'je$en*$$%e%a&ar( "r"$% 8"'i(iai e';%e(!en a Q&6'á'': +8(e'ene &"'(a (i$%(án 'á(ni9 J$a a Qradá$" e'$%:'á$ai!:' 'ee(e(( re?"n$(r=á'ni, "); ne< U$a a <"$%&ai a(a'"< e<!erei( &i?);á%(a i%rae'i (e$(r$+), ane< a S%"&je(=ni: =(:dá''a<aina

(*!!$+)+!en, a =);an ne< a% *$$%e$$+)+!en a% j a(a'"< 'e)?>e'$!! &e%e(j+( i$9 E'+8e$%(, "); a &i'á) e);i 'e)na);"!!a(a'<ána (+n;'e)e$ irán;Q(á$a a n+án; <i''i:$ %$id:$á) e%+!eer6'9 E%e =(án ne< ('%á$ >e'(+(e'e%ni, "); ninU$ e% <á$+88a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e$e(+!en $e<9A% a<eriai )a%da$á) (ar(:$ &á'$á)á&a' e% a 'á(a(: +$ 'á(a?(a('an a(a'"< 'á($%i <e)in)ani9 E);en$';ána e';reá''Q(á$aU+'já!:' d*n(*((e a U$ane< *($%á%<i''i:$ '+'e$%á< !"'$e&i$(a

(ár$ada'<i rend$%ere $%aná'á$ár:'9 Enne $%er+n; "%ad+aa%"n!an A<eria $%6$+)'e(eie% +8e$( ne< !i%"n;='( e'e)en?dne9 N;=)a(?E=r:8a )a%da$á)ai a n+<e( e);e$Q(+$ a(a'<a$32<e)(ere'+$e e''en+re &er$en;!en (=d"(( <aradni, $( <+) ja&Q?("((a i$ 8"%QUi:i(, a% E);e'( Á''a<"a' $%e<!en9 Anna e''en+re,"); e); 6);e$ di8'"<áUiai %á$$a' A<eriána $ier6'( je'en?($ <+r(+!en <e)>ejnie <ind /a8án(, <ind N+<e("r$%á)"(9 E% 8edi) a% 11 +&i Ira e''eni á!"r9 A (*r(+ne( rendQ&6' +rde?e$9 -e)+rde<'i >i);e'<6ne(932AZ ISZLÁ- ELLENI VALLÁSHÁBOR. .EZDETEA <á$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án a<e';!en A<eria ne<U$a N+<e("r$%á)"( +$ /a8án(, ane< );ar<a((ar(: $%*&e($+)e$ei( i$



'e);%(e a% j &i'á)rend ia'aQ(á$a $"rán a% E);e$6'( Á''a<",A>ria "'aj!an )a%da) (er6'e(ein a8r:, >6))e('en $ej$+)ee( "?%"(( '+(re9 Ne< " n+'6' d"")(a J=rUi'' <+) a á!"r !e>eje?%+$e e'((, "); R""$e&e'( F$%ere'<e$ 8i''an(á$"a( &e(e(( e);e$

"'aj=(jaira9 A% a<eriai e'n**( An)'ia "'aj=(jai =);an ne<na);"n +rdee'(+9 Anná' iná!! a% á'(a'a a(a'"<ra $e)Q(e(( $ej?e r+&+n a (er6'e(6re <e)$%er%e(( "'aj"nUe$$%i:, a<e';ne a'a8ján >e'+8Q(e((e a $ajá( "'aj=(jai(9 E%e (er<e'+$+( 8edi) >i''+?re+r( $%á''Q("((a +$ $%á''(ja e' <ind a <ai na8i)9 A "$$%, <"nd?a(ni +&$%á%ad" :(a e'8=='( an)"' 8"'i(iai e'i( á<='&a >i);e'(e,"); a de<"ráUia Fi(e'je$ed+$+&e' A<eria <i';en ra&a$%<:d"n &"nja )a%da$á)i +rdee'($+)+!e F$ajá( !ir("ai(, d"<Qni?

=<ai(, );ar<a(ai(9 N+a <+) j: +8e( i$ &á)"(( "%%á, <in( 8+'dá=' D+'?A>riae$e(+!en9 Bár i(( ne< a% "'aj, ane< a% aran;(er<e'+$ F8iaUi <:?d"n &a': <e)$%er%+$e &"'( a (+(9A% Ira e''eni $%+'á<"$$á) <e)+r(+$+e% ne< <e''%e( a=$%adi $%á%ad <á$"di >e'+!en A>ria +$ Á%$ia "'aj >e'e((i =ra?'"< <e)$%er%+$e +rde+!en i>ej(e(( na); Q&P a<eriai (ran%aUi:r+$%'e(eine i$<ere(e9 Ee% >e' e'' id+%n6n a% a<eriaia <á?

$"di &i'á)á!"r =(án +$ anna *&e(e%<+n;e+n( ia'a='(Iránna' &a': $%"r"$ $%*&e($+)+(9Irán +$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" *%*(( a &i'á)á!"r !e>eje%+$+?&e' a% j >ia(a' =ra'"d: Re%a a'a&i $a a(a'"<ra $e)Q(+$+( *?&e(en $%"r"$ $%*&e($+) +$ <"nda(nán !ará(i &i$%"n; a'a='( i9O';ann;ira, "); Irán( A<eria U$endr+ne (ein(e((+ a $%"<?$%+d"$ ara! +$ á%$iai "r$%á)"9 E% a ie);en$';"%"(( !ará($á)a%(án a S%"&je(=ni: $e)Q($+)+&e' &+)reaj("(( a>)ani$%(áni á''a<?U$Qn; =(án na);<+r(+!en <e)r"<'"((9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" n;i'&án"$ 8"'i(iai re("riájá!an e'?Q(+'(e a S%"&je(=ni: ne< i$ (a)ad"(( !ea&a("%á$á( a% a>)ani$%(áni325 8=UU$ i&i(e'e%+$+!e9 );ana"r $%e<+';e$ <e)!Q%"((jai (jánA<eria e'n*e arra $%:'Q("((a >e' a $a?"(, "); (á<")a$$a a%"r"$%" á'(a' a(a'"<ra $e)Q(e(( Tarai?"r<án;(9 E >=rU$a e';?



%e(e( +r(+e'&e a $a arra a e';e$ *&e(e%(e(+$re j=("((, ");A<eria a er%$a?*!*' +$ a .*%e'?e'e( (+r$+)ei >e'e(( i aarja(erje$%(eni a% e);+!+n( i$ e);re n*&e& $%"&je(\a<eriai *?%*$ =ra'<a(9 A $%"á$"$ reUe8( $%erin( a S%"&je(=ni: A>)ani$%?

(án!an a% +$%a?iráni a(ár <en(+n a("nai (á<a$%8"n("a( '+(ei(9A $%"&je( &e$%+'; Fe''en$';"%á$ára Irán d+'i a(ára <en(+n a%a<eriaia (ar(aná >enn F+rdee'($+)eie(9 -iá'(a' Irán !eerQ?(+$e (e'je$$+ &á'na9 Ve'e e);6(( a% iráni "'aj (er<e'+$e +$ e'$%á''Q?(á$na e''enr%+$e, <ajd +$!! $%a!á';"%á$a i$9 E%( a &+'e<+?n;+( 15@ n;arán a $a $%á<"$ e=r:8ai +$ a<eriai &e%e(&e' &a': !e$%+')e(+$e $"rán (*!! Q%!en i$ i>ej(e((e9 A% a<eriai &e%e( e);re j"!!an (a8a$%(a'(á, "); a $a Tarai (á<")a(á$a e';e((

iná!! a $%"&je( !ea&a("%á$ e''en%++( (á<")a(ja9 Tarai"% 8e?di) a% a<eriai &e%e(+$ <inden er>e$%Q(+$e e''en+re $e< *%e'e?de((9 Enne 'á((án a% a<eriai 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=< !"$%"rán;?"n;ájá!an j (er&e( >%ne i9 -in &+'e('en, 15@ $%e8(e<!er e'ej+n (6n(e(+$ r"!!an i Irán!an +$ a% A<eriána en)ede('en$a (á&"%á$á( *&e(e'i9 A <"%)a'"< $%e''e*'di $%á<P%e(+$!en +', <+)8edi) 7ran?Uia"r$%á)!an9 ); (Pni a JIA e%e <+) a SQi(a &a''á$i &e%e(?

*% i$ e'+r(9 A &a''á$i <"%)a'"<+n( ind='( (6n(e(+$ e'+8e$%($e!e$$+))e' (erjed(9 Re%a a'a&i aU+'$%i'árd$á) =ra'<a n+án;:na8 a'a(( *$$%e"<'"((9 159 jan=ár 1?án a% iráni $a <ene6'?ni +n;$%er6'(9 E<i)ráUi:já( E);i8("<!an (er&e%(e, de "nnan a%E);e$6'( Á''a<"!a U$a'já, a<e';ne &e$%(+re en)ede((9 A% iráni>"rrada'"< a% i$%'á< ne&+!en );%*((9 ."<eini +$ >8a8jai<e)d*!!en( );"r$a$á))a' $%er&e%(+ á( a $a <"dern á''a<á(i$%'á< *%(ár$a$á))á9); (Pni a%"n!an ."<eini i$ á('á("(( a% a<eriaia $anda$%i(áján9 A (eeráni a<eriai na);*&e($+)e(, a"nnan a% Irán e'?'eni +<ed+$ (e'je$ &er(i=<á( irán;Q("((á, >ia(a'"!:' á'': iráni>e);&ere$e e'>")'a'(á +$ a na);*&e($+) (a)jai( ($%+n( >")?$á)!a ej(e((+9 A% e$e<+n; rendQ&6' e''e<e('en6' +rin(e((e a%E);e$6'( á''a<" "r<án;á(9 -inden( e'*&e((e a ($%" i$%a? !adQ(á$ára9 .+r(+, *&e(e'(+, >en;e)e((+ a% j "r<án;(, <+)



32@a<eriai adiaj: i$ >e'&"n='(a a% Irán *rn;+i ne<%e(*%i &i?%een, !e>a);a$%(ja a% a<eriai !an"!an e'e';e%e(( a(a'<a$iráni !e(+(ee(9 De <inden iá!aM A% j iráni &e%e( aj(a(a('a?

n"9 A $a iada(á$á( *&e(e'i9 E%en a 8"n("n a%"n!an <indena<eriai "<8r"<i$$%=<?+$%$+) <e)(*ri9 7e'(ee(en a $a$%á<"$ "';an na);>"n("$$á) +$ na);+r(+P $%:!e'i <e)á''a8"?dá$ (=d:ja, a<e';ne á(adá$a a% j &e%e(+$ $%á<ára a(a'<a$ ár(""%na a% a<eriai "r<án;na9 Ne<M A $a"( $e<<i';en *?r6'<+n;e *%*(( ne< ada(já i a% iráni "r<án;na9 Iná!!<e));i'"'já9A <ind&+)i) <a?e)+$%$+)e$ $a rá!e(e)$+)+r' $"a

$eni ne< (=d"((9 Ne< U$"da, "); a &ára('an !eje'en(+$, ");<e) e'' "8erá'ni, <e)d*!!en+$( e'(e((9 Ne<U$a Irán!an9 /aU R=!; =(án a% a<eriai 8"'i(i=$"a( ne< +r(e &ára('an=' Re%aa'e&i <P(+(+&e' a8U$"'a("$ a'á'a9A<eria ra&a$%$á)á( 'á(&a a% iráni &e%e(+$ ne< <+'(án;"'(ae%( a% e'%+en;$+)e(, "); <a)=ra &á''a'(á a $a i&+)%+$+(9A ($%" ("&á!!ra i$ >")$á)!an <arad(a9 Jar(er e'n* j!:'i<e)&á'a$%(á$a e%%e' <e)i$='(9 A ($%" <ajd U$a a% j e'n*

Rea)an <e)&á'a$%(á$a =(án $%a!ad='(a9A<eria, a *%&e('en6' ne< i$ ("r"'(a <e) a (eeráni na);?*&e($+) (a)jaina ($%'ej(+$+(, )"nd"$"d"(( r:'a, "); e% *%?&e(e(( <:d"n <e)(*r(+nj+9 Irana a(árrende%+$i *&e(e'+$+(Iránna' =);an 15?!en e); 6'*n <e)á''a8"dá$!an rende%(+,de ne< Ira e'n;+re9 A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e%((a' (i("!an arra !i%(a((a a% irai &e%e(+$(, indQ($"n á!"r( Irán e''en a a(ár <e)?&á'("%(a(á$a +rde+!en9 S%adda< H=$$%ein irai e'n* ia$%ná'?&a e%( a ed&e% a'a'<a( 1@0 $%e8(e<!er+!en !eje'en(i a% 15+&i a(ár?<e)á''a8"dá$ a(á';"n Q&6' e';e%+$+(, <ajd er(e'je$a("nai (á<adá$( indQ( Irán e''en9 A <e)'e8e(( +$ <+) !e'$ "n?$%"'idáUi:&a' 6$%*d Irán e%de(!en á(rá'ni +n;$%er6' a$%"&je( >e);&eree' j:' >e'$%ere'( irai ader (á<adá$a e''9 E%a%"n!an a% iráni &e%e(+$( ne< in)a((a <e)9 J$a8a(ai >""%a("$an<+'(: e''en>e'+&+ &á'(a a (á<ad:na9 A%(án, a"); e% 'enni



$%""(( a ad<P&e'e(e á'': á!"rra &á'("((a +$ &á'("%: e&e$?$+))e' n;"'U +&i) >"';(a9 -i&e' Ira +8+(e'en &"'( a );%e'<e(i&Q&ni a% ENSZ Bi%("n$á)i TanáU$á( a$%ná'(á >e' a% e''en$+?)e$ed+$ <e)$%6n(e(+$+re9 7e'Q&á$ára 1@@9 a=)=$%(=$!an a ar?

32U"': >e'e >e);&er$%6ne(e( *(ne, <ajd e%%e' &+)e( i$ +r a á!"?r9 Ira ne< +r(e e' U+'já(9 A *%*$ a(ár <arad( a r+)i9-indene$e(re a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" a$%n"$ (a8a$%(a'a("($%er%e(( a +( i$%'á< "r$%á) a("nai +8e$$+)eir'9 A +$!!ie i$<ere(+!en a'a8"$ "=n &an <e)+rde%ni# Vaj"n A<eria <i?+r( ne< a&a("%"(( !e a !+e <e)&+d+$+reW A<in( a n+án; $%á%?e%er 'a"$ .=&ai( e$e(+!en a'i) n+án; +& <'&a <e)(e((e9

Irán e';%e(+( a% irai a)re$$%i: *&e(e%(+!en ne+% id (e((+ 8r:!ára9 A% 1@0 +&i irai (á<adá$( a'i) e); +&&e' e'%(e<e) a S%"&je(=ni: A>)ani$%(án e''eni a)re$$%i:ja9A +(>r"n("$ á!"r &e$%+';e na);"!! &"'(, <in( !ári i$i((e &"'na9 Bi%"n;ára ."<eini Aja("''a 'á("<á$ai!an );aran>e'r+<'e(( Re%a a'a&i e'dje !a'j:$ &Q%i:ja9 Ha A>)ani$%(án a (Q%+&en á( (ar(: á!"r $"rán ne< (=dja >e'(ar(:%(a(ni a $%"&je( in&á?%i:(, ); Irán i$ a $%"&je( (erje$%ed+$ $%en&ed a'an;á&á &á'i9

A $%"&je(?a>)án á!"r e'"$%'a((a a $%ára%>*'di $%"&je( ad?er 'e);%e(e('en$+)+!e &e(e(( i(e(9 edi) a S%"&je(=ni: ne<n+'6'*%(e A<eria 'á(en$ $e)Q($+)+( $e< a("nai er>e$%Q(+$ei?e%9 A <ar"n;i a>)án n+8 i$"'a8+'dájá( ad(a# ");an (*re(i<e) e);, a a%a$%ere(e(+!en e'$%án(, j:$%er+&e' >e);&er(e'enne<%e( 8ar(i%ánarUa a &i'á) 'e)er$e!! ad$ere)+( i$9A $%"&je( ad$ere) )erinUe "';<+r(+!en <e)r"88an(, ");<a)a a $%"&je( &e%e(+$ &e((e >"n("':ra, +rde<e$?e a a(a'<a$ *'(?$+)e árán >enn(ar("(( ader i';en <+r(+P >e);&er!enn(ar(á$á(("&á!!ra i$ >"';(a(niW A +rd+$!en (er<+$%e($%erPen !enne &"'( a&á'a$% i$9 A>)ani$%(án &"'( a $%"&je( ad$ere) S%(á'in)rádja9 E);?"ri <a)a!i%("$$á)á( ne< i$ n;er(e (*!!+ &i$$%a9 -+) a S%"&je(?=ni: $%+(=''á$á( i$ 'á!"% (e(( >e);&erre' n+%(e &+)i)9 A $%"&je( 8"'i(i=$" i$ j"!!na 'á((á, a $%e<+';e$ &+de'<6re a% i%rae'i-OSZAD?"( +ri >e'9 V"'( "';an =(:dá''a<, a<e';ne &e%e(i



ne< (+&ed+$M a% a<eriai JIA (i("$$%"')á'a("( F!+re'(e9Ha 1?!an -a);ar"r$%á)"n ne< aad e); .ádár /án"$ne&P a%aár=':, ai <ar"n;i %$id: 'ij+&e' a ne<%e( n;aára$%a!adQ(ja a% "r"$% ader(, a e%de(i <e)("r8aná$( *&e(en

e$+';6 'e(( &"'na a$"n': >ia$:ra ná'=n i$9 Anná' i$ iná!!,<er( $%á<Q(ani 'ee(e(( a $%"<$%+d F$%"Uia'i$(a á''a<" >"rra?da')ani$%(áni, $e< Ira iráni =darUa ne< &á'("%(a?("((9 Bár a% irai ader ne< !Qr( e' a% iráni &+de'e<<e', a<i !i?

%"n;"$ U$a':dá$( ""%"(( a% a<eriai <e)!Q%:na9 A%" <+)?$e< &e$%Q(e((+ e' +rde'd+$6e( a% "'aj!an rendQ&6' )a%da)á''a< irán(9 A% a<eriai 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=< +$ a (i("$$%"')á'a(j (ran%aUi:( +$%Q( e'9 E%((a' ne< Ira +rde+!en, ane< +8? 8en árára9 T=d"(( d"'"), "); a% irai "'aj(er<e'+$ e'$%á''Q(á$a je'en($ <+r(+!en .=&ai("n ere$%(6' (*r(+n(9 );ana"r .=?&ai( a% irai a(ár e);re na);"!! *%e'$+)+!e e%d(e <e) j "'aj?(jaina (e'e8Q(+$+(, <iá'(a' a% irai "'aj<e% e (er6'e(en $%e<?

'á("<á$( a8ad(a e'9 .=&ai( (eá( a% irai "'aj ira!'á$ára rende%?ede(( !e9 A'i) ie(, "); aadna "';an á''a<, ai a$"n': e$e?(e( $%: n+'6' (Prne9A% i$ rendQ&6'i <:d"n ide)e$Q(e((e a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"a(,"); a% Irán e''eni á!"r"% e'ad"(( &e);i >e);&ere !e&e(+$+(a% irai ad$ere) ne< (e'je$Q(e((e9 ); a% Ira (='ajd"ná!a er6'(&e);i >e);&ere e$e('e)e$ >e'a$%ná'á$ána e''enr%+$e iU$$%"((A<eria e%+!'9 Ira a%"a( aár e' i$ ada(ja <+)8edi) a% SAá'(a' ne< $%ere(e(( a(a'<ana9 A &e);i >e);&eree( (eá( &i$$%ae'' $%ere%ni, a <á$+n( ne< <e);, á( á!"r (ján9 Enne <e)indQ(á$á"% a%"n!an $';"$ +r&ere &an $%6$+)9 E%( a U+'($%"')á'ja <ajd Ira .=&ai( e''eni aUi:ja9A% a<eriai (i("$$%"')á'a( !i%(a(á$ára .=&ai( e);re (*!!aadá';( )*rdQ( a% irai "'aj e'$%á''Q(á$a e'+9 S%adda< H=$$%einirai e'n* a (ar(a(a('an e';%e( <e)"'dá$á"% !a)dadi na);*?



&e($+)e (ján a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" $e)Q($+)+( +r(e9 A na);*&e(a%"n!an *%*'(e# a%ája ne< Q&án a +( á''a< &i(ájá!a !ea&a(?"%ni9 -+) U$a *%&e(Q(+$( $e< &á''a'9 Ira "'dja <e) a 8r"!'+?<ájá(, a"); (=dja, aár >e);&ere$ er!e&e(+$( $e")á$"'já9

A% Irán e''eni á!"r idej+n ia'a='( rendQ&6' j: &i$%"n;( a%E);e$6'( Á''a<"a' S%adda< H=$$%ein )aranUiána &+'(e A<e?ria $e<'e)e$$+)+re e); .=&ai( e''eni in&á%i:"%9 A% irai e'n* a"r <+) ne< (=da((a, "); a% a<eriai 6'6);<ini$%(+ri=< +$a JIA *%*$ aUi:ja "';an U$a8dá!a rán(ja !e'e, a<e';!' (*!!+ne< $%a!ad='a(9 -Q) a% a<eriai na);*&e( S%adda<"( .=&ai(e''eni >e);&ere$ >e''+8+$re !i%(a((a, addi) a% a<eriai (i("$$%"'?331

)á'a( a .=&ai(i &e%e(+$( a% Iraa' &a': e);6((<P*d+$ e''en an?)"'(a9A .=&ai(i a(a'"< <e)d*n(+$e ne< i)+n;e'( na); er>e$%Q?(+$( Ira r+$%+r'9 A <in(e); 329000 'a"$ .=&ai(!an e);<i''i:6'>*'di ara! +'( +$ d"')"%"((9 E%e *%6' na);'+($%á<"( +8&i?$e'(e a% irai á''a<8"')ár", a<e';ne $%á<a <e)*%e'Q(e((e,e$e('e) <e) i$ a'ad(a a .=&ai(i á''a<8"')ár" '+($%á<á(9 Ira (e?á( !en( &"'( .=&ai(!an9 A .=&ai(i a(a'"<á(&+(e' j:$%er+&e' !+?

+$ <:d"n <e)(*r(+n(9 A% a n+án; i$e!! >e);&ere$ inUiden$,a<e';r' (=d:$Q("((a na);"n e'$%i)e(e'( +$ '+n;e)(e'en e$e<+n;&"'(9 A% e'<ene6'( .=&ai(i &e%e( ne< aar(a inni a >6'6?ne, a<i"r a% a<eriai "r<án; <e)!Q%"((ai arra (e((e aján'a?("(, "); (i%enn;"'U <i''iárd d"''ár >ej+!en iP%i a% irai <e)?$%á'':a( +$ &i$$%aá''Q(já a(a'<=a(9 .+( +%%e' a8(a a% aján'a(=(án, i$% a a(a'<a$ .=&ai(i "'aj(er<e'+$ !$+)e$ >ede%e(e( n;j(e $%er+n;ne +88en ne< <"nda(: *$$%e) i>i%e(+$+re9A% F6%'e( <e)*(+$e =(án aUi:!a '+8 a% a<eriai "r<án;9 N;i'a("%a(ai&a' e);re &+$%j:$':!!an >i);e'<e%(e(i Ira"( .=&ai(<e)$%á''á$ána <e)$%6n(e(+$+re9 -ajd <e)e%di adiaj:ina a%ara! &i%ere &a': >e'&"n(a(á$á(9 S%ad?Ará!iá( <e));%i +$ <e)?n;eri a% Ira e''eni >e''+8+$e%9 Tá<a$%8"n("( !i%("$i( a% a<eriaiader r+$%+re9 -+) anna *'($+)ei( i$ <a)ára &á''a'ja9 A >e'&"?n='á$ !e>eje%+$e =(án <+) e); 'á(&án;"$ >e'$%:'Q(á$ Ira &i$$%a?



&"n='á$ára, a<e';e( a% ne< (e'je$Q(9 A<eria 8edi) <e)indQ(ja(á<adá$á( a% iraia .=&ai(!:' &a': iP%+$+re9-ai (=dá$=n a'a8ján a'a8"$ "=n &an U$"dá'"%ni a%"n,"); a% a<eriai a(a'<a$ >e'&"n='á$ 'á((án S%adda< H=$$%ein

<i+r( ne< a);(a e' *n+n( a% anne(á'( .=&ai("(W ); =);ani$6r6); Qján e'árQ(a((a &"'na A<eria >e);&ere$ (á<adá$á(9S%adda< H=$$%ein e'(( !i%"n;ára a% iráni 8+'da 'e!e)e((9 A<eri?a "da i$ >e'&"n='(a((a adiaj:i( +$ $%i)"r!!ná'?$%i)"r!! >e?n;e)e(+$ee' 8r:!á'(a (err"ri%á'ni a% iráni &e%e(+$(9 A >e);&ere$(á<adá$( a%"n!an ne< indQ("((a <e)9 S( +88en a% irai ader?&e' 8r:!á'(a iU$iarni a% iráni "r<án; en)ed+en;$+)+(, a<e';<+) a n;"'U +&e$ á!"r e''en+re $e< *&e(e%e(( !e9

S%adda< H=$$%ein e%((a' i$ j"))a' *&e(e%(e(e(e(( arra,A<eria &+)6' i$ (+('en <arad9 Ne< Q); (*r(+n(M Lee(e('en i((ne< >e'i$<erni a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r i8r"&"á'á$ára a'a'<a?332%"(( <:d$%er(9 N+<e("r$%á) e'$ &i'á)á!"r =(áni er$%aa' e'?"!%"(( (er6'e(eine &i$$%a$%er%+$+re irán;=': i('eri (*re&+$ee(,a S%=d+(a?&id+ !++$ &i$$%aU$a("'á$á&a' r+$%!en ie'+)Q(e((+9 ALen);e'"r$%á)!an A<eria, An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) á'(a' >e'$%Q?

("(( á!"r$ an)='a( *%!en arra !i%(a((á, "); ne en)edjen an+<e( *&e(e'+$ene Dan%i) +$ a "rrid"r 6);+!en9 Hi('er j"))a'ie((e, "); a% S%=d+(a?&id+e% a$"n':an a% =("'$: 8i''ana(? !an a n;=)a(i a(a'<a &i$$%a'+8ne <ajd +$ a r+$%!en i$ de !++$ ("n (e'je$Q(i j")"$ &e(e(+$ei(9 Ne< Q); (*r(+n(MA% a<eriai in&á%i: e'indQ(á$a =(án S%adda< i&"n='( .=&a?i(!:'9 A á!"r a%"n!an ne< +r( &+)e(, anna e''en+re, "); Ira <inden árá( e';reá''Q("((a .=&ai(na9 A% a<eriai er !ea?("'(a Ira (er6'e(+re i$9 A% irai ad$ere)ne ne< &"'( $e<<ie$+';e a a(a'<a$ ('er&e' $%e<!en9 A% a<eriaia <indenár"na% Irana e'ad"(( &e);i >e);&ere &i$$%a$%er%+$+re (*reed(e9E%ee( a%"n!an ne< (a'á'(á <e)9 A<i"r Ira (e'je$ (er6'e(+ne e'>")'a'á$a <ár i$%á<Q(a(: *%e'$+)!e j=("(( a% a<eriai &e%e?(+$ &ára('an=' 'eá''Q("((a a ("&á!!i ad<P&e'e(ee( +$ i&"n(a a?("nai e);$+)ei( Ira (er6'e(+r'9 Oár:' $e<<i( $e< *%*'(e9



-ái) $e< ad(a rá <a);ará%a("((9 Va':$%QnP$Q(e(, "); a<e?riai a("ná i$<ere('en erede(P <e)!e(e)ed+$ei á''a((a a á(?(+r!en, a<e';e( a% Ira (='ajd"ná!an '+& a<eriai $%ár<a%á$ !i"':)iai >e);&ere e$e('e)e$ !e&e(+$+ne (='ajd"nQ("((a9 Ne<

e);$%er <=(a((a !e +$!! a (e'e&Q%i: (ján $%ána'<a$ á''a8"(!an'+&, a% irai );ne&e%e(( F*!*'á!"r!an r+$%(&e& !e(e) a?("ná(, aine !e(e)$+)+( <+) dia)n"$%(i%á'ni $e< (=d(á9A% *!*'á!"r =);an $"a( r"n("(( A<eria er*'U$i <e)?Q(+'+$+n, 6%'e(ne a%"n!an ne< &"'( r"$$%9 A .=&ai(i (i%enn;"'U<i''iárd d"''ár"n >e'6' /a8án( +$ N+<e("r$%á)"( i$ <e)$arU"'(a (i?%en*(?(i%en*( <i''iárd d"''árra' a% irai a)re$$%i: >e'$%á<"'á$na *'($+)eie% &a': "%%ájár='á$ UQ<+n9 A $aj(: r+&+n enn;ir' (=?

d=n9 H"); i >i%e((e <+) erej6*% <+r(en +$ <enn;i(, i';enUQ<en A<eriána, a%( e);e're ne< (=dj=9 De !i%("$ra &e$$%6,"); (*r(+n( i';en9A a(a'<a$ *$$%e) a%"n!an A<eria &á'$á))a' 6%d )a%da?$á)á( U$a '+'e)%e(&+(e'n;i $%6ne(e% j=((a((a9 ."nj=n(ra >e'?+'e$%(+$+e% na);"n i$ e&+$ne !i%"n;='(9 A F!e&+(e'ee( a a?dii8ari "n$%erne );"r$an e'n;e'(+,333

A nai& a<eriai n+8 a (e'e&Q%i: (ján !e<=(a("(( $%á<Q(á$?(eUniai !ra&rra' &+)reaj("(( !"<!á%á$" 'á((án ); &+'(e# e% aá!"r &a':$á)"$ $%:ra"%á$, i$%en a $ajá( 'aá$á!an, +n;e'<e$>"(e'j+!' n+%e((e &+)i) aárU$a a <"%i!an9 7e' $e< <er6'( !enne, "); a%+r( a á!"r, <+) e!!en a <"derni%á'( &á'("%a(!ani$ <e)(ere<(i a <a)a $i a'"((ai(, <+)8edi) <ind+( "'da'"n9A% F*!*'?$%indr:<a !e(e)eine !e<=(a(á$a 8edi) i&á'("((a >+?'e'<+(9 Bi%("n$á)+r%e(e e);re );en)6'(, <ajd 8"'i(iai <e));?%d+$e i$ irán;( &á'("((9 A F);%(e$ á!"r 8$%iU:%i$á!an n+8?$%erP$+)i U$U$"( d*n( B=$ e'n* irán(i 'á(&án;"$ $%i<8á(ia);"r$ an;a('á$na ind='(9 A% 129 +&i e$ed+e$ e'n*&á'a$%(á$(e' i$ &e$%Q(e((e9E'n** j*nne, e'n** <enne, a% a<eriai )a%da$á) &á''?$á)a a%"n!an <arad9 A% a<eriai 'e)>e'$!! (i("$ (anáU$, a<e';a "r<án;%a("( i$ =ra'<a a'a(( (ar(ja, <e)á''a8Q(ja, "); a a(a'?



<a$ á''a<"( i<<ár r:ni=$an $j(: )a%da$á)i &á'$á) a 6'*n!*?% a(a'<a *%*(( >"';: !++$ )a%da$á)i &er$enn;e' ne< árQ(?a(: e'9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( a% a<eriai i8ar a'='<arad( a ja8án+$ n+<e(, de $%á<"$ (er6'e(en <+) a .Qnai i8ar +$ )a%da$á) "n?

=renUia arUá!an9 ); (Pni a% e)+$% &i'á) )a%da$á)a a(a'<iU$"8"r("$='á$"(:' >6))e('en6' e'+re%e((, de 'e)a'á!!i$ &e$%+?';e$en <e)*%e'Q(e((e >ej'd+$+ne +$$%erP a(árá(9 -inden6((('(er<e'+$i &á'$á) $%"rQ(á$á!:' i);ee%ne $%a!ad='ni e);re e?&e$e!! $ierre'9 J$a e); na); á!"r 8=$%(Q(á$a (=dná >e'+'e$%?(eni a i'á(á$(a'an e';%e(!e er6'( &i'á))a%da$á)"(9 NinU$ a%"n? !an "';an je'en($ a(a'"<, ai !ár ""( <inde);i (a'á'na rá >e' <ern+ &á''a'ni e); á'(a'a indQ("(( á!"r *&e(e%<+n;ei(9

N+<e("r$%á)"( +( Q%!en i$ $ier6'( a% an)"'$%á$% +$ "r"$% a(a'?<ana &i'á)á!"r!a rán)a(ni e%((a' $%erenU$+re <e)*(*((e<a)á(9 .i(+r <inden 8r"&"áUi: e''9A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;a &a':$á))a' =(a(ja a%"a( a%6r6);ee(, a<e';e >e'na);Q(á$á&a' +$ >e'i$<ere(e('enn+ ("r%Q(á?$á&a' n;aa(eer( <:d"n a'a'<a( ada(na a á!"r <e)indQ(á$á?ra9 Tein(e(e &á'("%a('an=' Ira >e'+ <ere&edi, !ár a 'a"$$á)"($""':, a (e'e&Q%i: á'(a' i$ $=)a'<a%"(( *!*'?á!"r *&e(e%<+?

n;ei n+<i'e) &i$$%a>")já *$%(*nei(9 1@9 &+)+n a%"n!an a a?dii8ari =(a(á$" &e%e(i <+)i$ rá!Qrjá a% a<eriai +$ an)"'"r<án;(, "); a F$i&a(a)i r:ána ere$%(e'( ad<P&e'e( e?334re(+!en n+); na8"n á( <inden " n+'6' !"<!á%%á !a"(9 A%119 +&i á!"r $"rán ider6'(e a adie$%*%* $%á<Q(:)+8e$&e%+r'+$+ne i!ái, a<e';ne "rreUi:i !e>eje%d(e, $ j!:'i(e$%(e'+$6 $%6$+)e$9 A% irai n+8 +$ an;a)i ja&aina 8=$%(Q(á$ae); 8erUi) $e< %a&ar(a e(9A "<<=ni%<=$ >e'$%á<"'á$a ne< &ár( Q$+r je'en$+)e+n(reU$e)&e?r"8")&a r"$ad( <e) a );P'*'( Trian"n +86'e(e i$9 E'$?ne 119?!en a /=)"$%'á&iá"% +n;$%erQ(e(( H"r&á("r$%á) +$S%'"&+nia, iá'("((a i >6))e('en$+)+(, <ajd *&e(i e( a !"$?n;á" i$9 A'i) +( +& <'&a a U$ee +$ $%'"&á" &á'na $%+( +$*ná'': á''a<"( a'aQ(ana9 J$a -a);ar"r$%á) a'')a( +$ $%a'aj(ja



e' a (a'án $"a &i$$%a ne< (+r i';en *nn;P a'a'<a(9 Bár a j=)"?$%'á& $%a!ad$á)<"%)a'<a e%de(+n a% a<eriai e'n* a(ár"?%"((an ije'en(e((e, "); /=)"$%'á&iána Fe);!en e'' <aradnia,a <P&e'( *n(=da("$ "r&á( +$ $%'"&+n ne<%e( ne< &"'( aj'and:

>i);e'e<re <+'(a(ni, iná!! &á''a'(á a rendQ&6' er(e'je$ $%er!ader&e' &a': e);en'('en arU"(9 76))e('en$+)6e( &+)6' i$ i?&Q&(á9 -ajd a "$%"&:i a'!án" '+8ne >e' *ná'':$á)= i)+n;+?&e', a<e';re a $%er!e e);e('en +$ &+re$ á!"r&a' &á'a$%"'na9E%((a' <ár /=)"$%'á&ia '+(e a (+(9 A<eria a $%'á&?i$%'á< á!"?r&a' e'' 6r6);e( reá', "); <a)á&a' +n;$%erQ(&e n+án; NATO?(a)á''a<"(, a NATO *%*$ *'($+)+n 1?!en '+)i á!"?r( indQ($"n <"$( <ár U$a S%er!ia e''en9 ."<"'; Q$+r'e(e( (e$%

N+<e("r$%á) á!"r!a rán)a(á$ára i$9 E% a%"n!an ne< jár $ier?re'9 A n+<e(e U$a je'+8e$ <+r(+re "r'á("%%á r+$%&+(e'6e(9A /=)"$%'á&ia e''eni >e''+8+$( <e)e'%&e A<eria a%( a 'á(?$%a("( e'(i, "); ee% $%6$+) &an a NATO .e'e(?E=r:8ai !?&Q(+$+re9 Enne n;"<án -a);ar"r$%á), J$e"r$%á) +$ Len);e'?"r$%á) a'i) (*!!, <in( <á$>+'+&e$ 'á(&án;"$ (ár);a'á$i =%a?&"na=(án 1 <árUi=$ 12?+n a NATO (a)jai&á &á'na9 S%ána'<a$ 'á(?&án; &"'(, a"); a <a);ar "r<án; e% 6);!en (''ie)(e <a)á(9

Ne< +rdee'(e, "); a <a);ar 'a"$$á) a !e'+8+$re &"na("%:n+8$%a&a%á$r:' (*!! <in( 0^?"$ <+r(+!en (á&"'<arad(9 Ana);(*!!$+)P i)en $%a&a%a("ra (ein(e((e' +r&+n;e$ne je'en(e(?(+ i a n+8$%a&a%á$(9 A U$=8án 4,24^?"$ r+$%&+(e'i arán;( 8"?'i("':)=$ain der+ ada <indenne' <a);ará%(a, U$a a%%a' ne<,"); 'a"$$á)=n *$%(*n*$en <e)+re%(e enne &e$%+';+(9 /*&? !e'á(á$á( a% e$e<+n;e "rá!!an i)a%"'(á, <in( i((e &"'na9 A33U$a('a"%á$i $%er%d+$en j:$%er+&e' <+) a (in(a $e< $%árad( <e), na8 <'&a <e)ind=' a /=)"$%'á&ia e''eni '+)i á!"r9 -ár a$%er!iai U+'8"n(" !"<!á%á$a e'(( &i'á)"$$á &á'(, "); A<eriai)+n;( (ar( a <a);ar '+)(+r a$%ná'a(ára9 Ha%ána( <+) >e' $e<&e((+ a NATO?!a, a<i"r a <a);ar "r<án;8ár(i +$ e''en%+i+8&i$e' e);<á$( (a8"$&a i);ee%ne 1@ "(:!er 14?+n <e)?$%a&a%ni a% "r$%á) '+)(er+ne á(en)ed+$+( a $%*&e($+)e$, j:$%er+?



&e' a% a<eriai $%á''Q(: +$ arUi re86')+8e a$%ná'a(ára9 A '+)?(+ra$%ná'a( =(án j*(( a Ta$%ár?i '+)i(á<a$%8"n( á(adá$a9 A% "r"?$%" e'<en(e, <e)j*((e a% a<eriaiaM ."$%"&: e$e(+!en A<e?ria a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(e((e, <in(a a <=%='<án 'a"$$á) &+de'<e

+rde+!en '+8e(( &"'na >e' /=)"$%'á&ia e''en9 A (*<e)$Qr" a%"n? !an <=%='<án"a( rej(e)e(ne, a<e';e >e'(árá$a <+) na8jain? !an i$ >"';i9A S%er!iá&a' a8U$"'a("$ a<eriai $anda$á) e);i <"$"';ra>aa$%(: 8+'dája a% a<eriai $%a!ad<P&e$ irán;Q(á$ á)ai);ne&e%e(( ne<%e(*%i !Qr:$á) á!"r$ !Pn*e( (ár);a': (e&+?en;$+)e9 E're e'' !"U$á(an=n, "); e% a !Qr:$á) a% E);e$6'( Ne<%e(e S%*&e($+)+ne XENSZY e);i in(+%<+n;e9 A <á$"di

&i'á)á!"r( *&e(en a n+<e( á''a< &e%e(i >e'e(( i$ ENSZ a(á?r"%a(" a'a8ján '+(re"%"(( Fne<%e(*%i !Qr:$á)a Q(+'e%e((9 H"%?%á e'' (e);6 a% e''en>+' &e%e(ine i';en ne&e($+)e$ 6r6);a'a8ján &a': (*<e)e$ 'e);i'"'á$a a% Qr"(( (*r(+ne'e<!en 8ára('an9-inden e<!eri '")ia $%erin( e); á!"r( &e$%(e(( "r$%á) &e%e?(ine a<enn;i!en &a':!an !Pn*$ <:d"n &i((+ !e'e a%áj=a(e); á!"r$ a(a$%(r:>á!a >e'e'$$+)re &"ná$a a &e$%(e$ "r$%á)n+8+ne j")a +$ >e'ada(a, i$%en a &e$%(e$ á!"r *&e(e%<+?

n;ei( Xj:&á(+(e' >i%e(+$e, a% "r$%á) jjá+8Q(+$e, a á!"r ""%(an+'6'*%+$e +$ $%en&ed+$Y n;i'&án &i$e'i9 (=dja <e)Q(+'ni,"); &e%e(i a $" r"$$% *%6' a 'e)e&+$!+ >ájda'<a$a( &á'a$%?("((a?e9 A á!"r +( );%(e$+ne +$ a$%"n+'&e%j+ne ne< >e'?aa$%(ani, ane< $%"!r"( e''e(( &"'na á''Q(ani Hi('erne +$ <i?ni$%(ereine9 -e)á'á'&a, "); 'ee($+)e( ad(a a% A<eria á'?(a' "'; r+):(a <e)á'<"d"(( j &i'á)rend <e)(ere<(+$+re, a );ar?<a(" =ra >e'"$%(á$ára, $%*&e($+)e$ei An)'ia +$ 7ranUia"r$%á) !ir("aina <e)U$"n"'á$ára, )a%da$á)= &i$$%a&e(+$+re9 E%ere=);ani$ a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r n+'6'i 'ee(, "); $"a$e< 'e((&"'na +8e$9 A S%"&je(=ni: >e'(ee(en "$$% idei) ne< &á'a?33("(( &"'na a("<a(a'"<<á9 Bir"da'<a a(árai ne< (erjede((e &"'na (' .*%+8?E=r:8án9E% a Fj: ne&P ne<%e(*%i !Qr:$á) a $%er!iai á!"r !e>eje?



%+$e =(án <e)e%di a á!"r$ !Pn*$* <e)ne&e%+$+(9 Érdee$<:d"n e%((a' ne< i$ ere$i a% á'(a'a <e)ne&e%e(( $%e<+';ee(9A% a<eriai a("nai er e'' '+($%á<!an (ar(:%"di a &"'( /=)"?$%'á&ia (er6'e(+n, de <+) U$a Q$+r'e(e( $e< (e$% a á!"r$ !Pn*?

$* +%reerQ(+$+re9 Ha <+)i$ e'>")na &a'ai(, a%" U$=8án $"?adran) e<!ere a% e'*&e( *%*((9 A 'e)>!! !Pn*$ne <e)ne&e%e(( Rad"&án .arad%$iU$ a !"$%niai $%er!e e'n*e +$Rad: -'ádiU$ (á!"rn" a a("nai >8aranU$n"a a <ai na8i) á? !"rQ(a('an=' +'i +'e(6e( &a'a"' S%er!iá!an9 Seni $e< ere$ie(9 E'>")á$=a( $e< $6r)e(i9 S%'"!"dán -i'"$e&iU$ $%er! e'n*?*( rá&e$%i, "); *n+n( adja >e' <a)á(9 E% <e) i$ (*r(+ni, dee)+$%$+)i á''a8"(ára &a': i&a("%á$$a' (*!! +&e ne< "%na Q(+?

'e(e( e''ene Há)á!an9A% a'á!!i e$e( a%"n!an <"$"';ra >aa$%(:# A $%er! .rajnaiá!"r 'e)&+)$ id$%aá!an .arad%$iU$ e';+re Vi'jana 'a8$iU$ne&P *');e( &á'a$%(ana9Enn+'>")&a i$ a á!"r$ !Pn*$* 'i$(ájára er6'9 ( $e<>")já e', $( ne< i$ ere$i9 N+án; +&i á!"rQ(a('an$á) =(án eder+ *'); ); d*n( i$ *n+n( je'en(e%i Há)á!an9 ere <e)i$ e%ddi, <ajd -i'"$e&iUU$e' e''en(+(!en &i$%"n;'a) r*&id id

<'&a $';"$an e' i$ Q(+'i9 A 8"'i(iá&a' aár árn;a'(an >")'a"%:na);*%*n$+) e%((a' e);i á<='a(!:' a <á$i!a e$i9 /:$%er+&e'a% Q(+'e((e' U$ane< e); id!en !eje'en(i, "); a Há)ai Ne<%e(?*%i BQr:$á) a !*r(*n!6n(e(+$ 'e(*'(+$+re 'a8$iU$"( iadja N"r?&+)iána9 -e)e%ddne a (a'á')a(á$"# &aj"n <i+r( +88en N"r?&+)iánaW Hi$%en a% ENSZ?ne, &a); a Há)ai Ne<%e(*%i BQr:?$á)na ninU$ene in(+%<+n;ei N"r&+)iá!an, 6'*n*$en !6n(e(+$?&+)reaj(á$i !*r(*ne9 N"r&+)iána $inU$ene a &"'( /=)"$%'á&iá?&a' 6'*n'e)e$ a8U$"'a(ai, a<e';e e%( ind""'a(ná9 A +(e?d Q&ánU$i$á)a r*&ide$en &á'a$%( a89 A n"r&+) (*r&+n;e =);ani$ (i'(já e(&en +&n+' id$e!! e'i(+'(e >")&a(a(á$á(9'a8$iU$ a$$%"n; 8edi), a ne< i$ $"a', de ('a'ad(a e(&ene?di +'e(+&+(9 ); (eá( a n"r&+) a(:$á)", á(&+(e'e =(án $%a!ad"nen)edi9 -e$+!e i'' <e)"'dá$M A% i';enre $%"(a <"ndani a <a?);ar *%n;e'&# F&a='j 8ara$%(M



335E 6'*n*$ e$e( aár >e' i$ +!re$%(e(n+ e<!erará(i +r%e'<ein?e(, a a <eUani=$ a);=n $%á<Q(:)+8rend$%er+!e ne< je'enne<e) e'' <aaU$$á))a' e); <á$i Fá!"r$ !Pn*$ ne&e, ai(

=);anU$a a% ENSZ +)i$%e a'a(( '+(re"%"(( ne<%e(*%i !Qr:$á)aQ(+'( +'e(>");(i)'ani !*r(*n!6n(e(+$re, a<e';e( $%: $%erin( +r(e'?<e%(e9 S( a r"$$% n;e'&e $%erin( 3 +&e$ "rá!an, 1@5?!en>")&a(a(:i a $8andani !*r(*n!en <e));i'"'(á9 .i&+)%+$+( *n?);i'"$$á)na á'Uá%(á9I)en, He$$ R=d"'>r:' &an $%:9 ( a n"r&+) a(:$á)" ne<+r(+ i, "); e(&en+&e$ "rá!an $%a!ad"n en)edj+9 -ai $%:?a$%ná'a((a' e%((a' $';"$ di$%ri<ináUi: (*r(+n(, i$%en =);an?

a%"n ne<%e(*%i in(+%<+n; !Qr:$á)a "%(a <ind+( Q(+'e(e(,=);ana%"n &ád a'a((9 S%erin(6 á!"r$ !Pn*$ &"'( He$$ i$,'a8$iU$ a$$%"n; i$9 Ne<e$ e);$%erP$+))e' a%( i$ <"nda(nán dara!?dara!9 Ha a Há)ai Ne<%e(*%i BQr:$á)na +$ a n"r&+)"r<án;na $%e<ern;i i)a%$á)+r%e(e, ne< 8edi) e'&a='( n+<e(?);P'*'e(e 'e(( &"'na, R=d"'> He$$( 14?!en, e(&enedi +'e(+&?+ne !e(*'(+$+( *&e(en $%a!ad'á!ra e''e(( &"'na e';e%nie9'a8$iU$ a$$%"n; 8+'dájáná' <arad&a N"r&+)iá!an9

7en(i e$e( i$ !i%"n;Q(ja, "); ne<%e(*%i i)a%$á)$%"')á'(a(á$?r:' $%: $inU$9 Ne<%e(*%i $%Qná%r:', $( Uir=$%r:' anná' iná!!,a<e';ne <e)*en( e'adá$ai!an a *&e(e% +&(i%ede!en !$+)e$en 'e$% r+$%6n9He$$ R=d"'> <e));i'"'á$á!an +(ed Fan(i>a$i$%(á j")?)a' <"nda(ná +$ <"ndjá i$, a <e) aar(á );i'"'ni, a"r e'!! i$ <e)(ee((+ &"'na, <i+r( &ár(a &"'na 1@5?i)W A% +r&e?'+$ e';+n&a':9-ai (=dá$=n a'a8ján <ár *nn;en <e)ada(j= a &á'a$%(9He$$ (='ajd"n+88en a *%e') Frend$%er&á'(á$ á'd"%a(a 'e((9 A%a 'á(a(a('an a(a'"<, a<e'; a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r *&e(e%<+?n;eine $%aná'á$á( i(er&e'(e +$ 'e&e%e((e na);"n j:' (=d(a, "); arend$%er&á'(á$i "<+dia ere(+!en <e) >")já $%6n(e(ni N+<e(?"r$%á) a("nai <e)$%á''á$á( +$ e((+"$%("(($á)á(9 E%%e' e);idejP?'e) a <e)$%á'': er á'(a' r%*(( $8andani !*r(*n >e'6);e'e(+( i$ á(



e'' adni a n+<e( a(:$á)"na9 E% a%%a' a n;i'&án&a': *&e(?e%<+nn;e' jár( &"'na, "); a n+<e( i)a%$á)6);i $%er&e ia''?)a(já He$$(9 E%%e' a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r i8r"&"á'á$ána <inden (i("$ )a'ád$á)ára >+n; er6', i$% e!!en a% id!en e%e?

33@ne e);e('en n+<e( (=d:ja <ár U$a R=d"'> He$$9 E' e'' (eá(n+<Q(ani, <ie'(( <e)$%:'a'a(na9 -e));i'"'á$a =(án <+) !*r?(*n+( i$ 'e!"n(já, ne"); a!!:' &a'a+'e e'nn;e' ne< jár(9 Há(ránn;a' an?ná' iná!!9 A% a<eriai F$%*&e($+)e$ '+)ier ne< adiU+'8"n("?a( (á<ad"((, ane< )a%da$á)i '+(e$Q(<+n;ee(9 A D=na j=)"?$%'á&iai $%aa$%án $"rra 'e!"<!á%(a a idaa(, a<e';ne a D=na<edr+!e "<'"(( $%ere%e(ei e'%ár(á a >"';: aj: *%'eed+$+ne <inden 'ee($+)+(9 A% "'U$: &Q%i $%á''Q(á$, B=')ária, <ajd a 7e?e(e?(en)er *%!ej*((+&e' a 7*'d*%i?(en)er >e'+ <e)$%Pn(9 A%a<eriai '+)i(á<adá$" !e>eje%+$e =(án -i'"$e&iU$ +$ "r<án;a

ne< &"'( aj'and: a *&e(e%<+n;eine >e'$%á<"'á$ára9A%%a' +r&e'(, "); /=)"$%'á&iána ninU$ rá 8+n%e, "); a i?da r"nU$ai( ie<e'je a D=na <edr+!'9 Ai 'e!"<!á%(á, a%" á''Q($á i$ e';re, &a); >i%e$$+ <e) a e';reá''Q(á$ *'($+)ei(9/:<a)a< aj'an+ e '"))iá&a' e);e(+r(eni9 Va':$%QnP'e) +$!! !ár i&a(a'"$an ne< *%*'(+ A<eria i$ e'>")ad(a, $ a ne< i$a $ajá( *'($+)&e(+$+!', de a NATO a$$%ájá!:' &+)6' i$ <e)(e?e((e9A j=)"$%'á& e$e<+n;e >e'$%Q(á$á&a' A<eria "<"'; Q$+r?'e(e( (e(( E=r:8a 'án)!a !"rQ(á$ára9 A 'e)>"n("$a!! U+' ne< /=)"?$%'á&ia &"'(, ane< N+<e("r$%á)9 Ha ( $ier6' e%de<+n;e%?+n(, &a); 'e)a'á!! a ad<P&e'e(e &e%e( $%ere8'j+ne (enni,a"r a n+<e(e <ire >e'+!redne aár A<eriá&a' i$ $%e<!en(a'á'a(já <a)=a(9 Enne i<ene(e'+r' *&e(e%<+n;eir' !ári "Uá%a(<en(e$en <e)j:$"'a(ja .*%+8?E=r:8a á!"r



=(áni $"r$á(9 A n+<e(e a%"n!an r+$en &"'(a9 I)a% Gen$er 6'?6);<ini$%(er $%+'$e!e$ 'e&á'(á$á&a', de e'árQ("((á a $anda 8r"?&"áUi:(9 A% a<eriai (er&e =darU"( &a''"((a9j >"rrá$""% ne< j=("((, a )a%da$á) &á'$á)a ("&á!! <+?

';6'(9 A 300 >"rin("$ d"''ár 'a$$an, de !i%("$an U$$%i 'e>e'+9 Ne<$"ára <ár U$a 200 >"rin("( +r, 8edi) a <a);ar )a%da$á)"(i$ a 'e$%á'': á)!a 'ee( $"r"'ni933A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ a S%"&je(=ni: <á$"di &i'á)á!"r=(áni (i("$ $%*&e($+)+(, a<e';e( ide)á!"r$ $%+'á<"$$á))a'á'Uá%(a, $%á<"$ je'en$+))e' i)a%"'(= eddi) i$9 Le)+%en>e&!! !i%"n;Q(+a <a)a a rend$%er&á'(á$na ne&e%e(( "<<=ni$(a Xár?

n;a'(a!! $%:a$%ná'a((a' $%"Uia'i$(aY (ár$ada'e'adá$a9 Hajdani 300 <i''i: *r6'i 'a"$$á)a e $%aná'á$*&e(e%<+n;e+n( <in(e); a >e'+re %$=)"r"d"((9-in &+'e('en, (*!!n;ire a%" a% "r$%á)" n;er(+ &i$$%a>6))e('en$+)6e(, a<e';ne (er6'e(ei )a%da$á)i er>"rrá$aia( (e?in(&e a% á('a)ná' ed&e%('ene!! ad"(($á)a9 A% "'aj!an )a%da)U$eU$enene <ár <á$"di +&(i%ede >"';: e);e('en á!"r e''e?

n+re $e< (=djá *ná'':$á)=a( i&Q&ni9 );ana"r a rendQ&6'iá(rán;"$ )a%da$á)i &i$%"n;" *%*(( +' 7e+r"r"$%"r$%á) &e?%e(i <indi) =darU"( &a''ana, Or"$%"r$%á))a' &a': jra e);e?$6'+$6e( $%"r)a'<a%á$á!an9 Or"$%"r$%á) =);an Q); i$ je'en($a(a'"< <arad(, de <ár $e<<i';en &"na("%á$!an X'e)>e'je!!a("<>e);&ereine <enn;i$+)+( (ein(&eY ne< e<'Q(e( N;=)a(?E=r:8á&a', /a8ánna' 6'*n*$+88en 8edi) .Qná&a' e);en' a(a?'"<na9 S( <ár India +$ Ind"n+%ia i$ er$en a n;"<á!an &an9A $%"r"$ a<eriai?"r"$% $%*&e($+) 'á(&án;"$ <e)n;i'&án='á?$ána 'e$%6n (ani 2001 $%+n9 A<eria ne&e($+)e$ 6r6));e'aj( &+)re >e);&ere$ a)re$$%i:( a% e''en a% A>)ani$%(án e''en, ai?&e' a $%*&e($+)e$ S%"&je(=ni: 15?(' 1@?i) =darUUa' &+)%?d*(( á!"r( &Q&"((9 -+) e'e&enen e<'+e%6n a% a<eriai "r?<án; an)"$ (i'(a"%á$ára a $%"&je( a)re$$%i: +$ a á!"r <ia((e); (e'je$ +&(i%ed a'a((9 );ana"r (i("!an (á<")a((a a S%"&je(?



=ni: á'(a' ine&e%e(( a>)ani$%(áni "r<án;"a(9 Enne a +($%QnP já(+na e$e(( á'd"%a(á=' Re%a a'a&i iráni $a i$9E%((a' A<eria 8r:!á'"%i a%%a', a)ani$%(án e''en, de a% a<eriaia +r&e'+$e a%&a':$á)"$ r*ej9A &i'á) n+8ei <e)d*!!en+$$e' +r(e$6'(e a Ne_ "ri ere$?ede'"n("$ á''"<á$á"% +re%(6n9 Eddi)i$ (*r(+n(e i$e!!?na);"!! <er+n;'e(e, á'(a'á!an a<eriai +r?340

dee'($+)e e''en, a &i'á) 6'*n!*% 8"n(ján, de &a'a");ane);i $e< &"'( <e)*%e'Q(en $e< i';en 'á(&án;"$, <in( e +(a(a'<a$ ("r"n; *$$%e"<'á$a9.+$!! $%in(e &a'a<enn;ir' ider6'(, "); a%"a( ne< ara!(err"ri$(á *&e((+ e', ane< a% a<eriai (i("$$%"')á'a(, a JIA$%er&e%(e <e) +$ aj("((a &+)re9 Ér(e(, "); a% e'*&e(e( $"?a$e< (a'á'(á <e)9A% ier("rn;" e''eni <er+n;'e( ne<U$a 'á(&án;"$$á)a, a?

ne< a% a<eriai 8"'i(ia &ára(:, <ajd !e*&e(e%e(( &á'("%á$ai<ia(( i$ <e)+rde<'i >i);e'<6ne(9 Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( <ár a%e'$ na8"!an $%á<"$ );an$ *r6'<+n; (Pni >e' a% á('a)"$ná'ri(i=$a!! <e)>i);e'!en9 R*&id id a'a(( $%á<(a'an j$á)Ui,$( Ui$"r"%a(, de n+án; *n;& i$ je'eni <e) &i'á)$%er(e e (+?<a*r!en9 E%e *%*$ je''e<%je, "); &i(a(ja a <e)(*r(+n( e$e?<+n; i&a(a'"$ <e)á''a8Q(á$ai(9 Ta)adjá, "); a i&a(a'"$ &er%i:$%erin( a% e);á'(a'án ); (*r(+ne(e((9 Ta'án ne< 'e$% >e'e$'e)e$,a di:+j!an *$$%e>")'a'j= +$ <e)i$<+(e'j6 <inda%(, a"r")9 A &i'á) (e'e&Q%i:$ U$a("rnái (*!! :rá$ <P$"?rá!an <=(a((á !e a >6$(*') <ajd *$$%eU$=': ("rn;"a(9Érdee$ <:d"n <+) a re86')+8e !eU$a8:dá$á( i$9 -ár a%i$ );an$na (ein(e(, "); a% e'$ !eU$a8:d: )+8e( i$ >i'<e%?(+ <+)8edi) ne< i$ a<a(r*9E% arra en)ed *&e(e%(e(ni, "); ai a >e'&+(e'ee( +$%Q?



(e((+ e're (=da((a a r*&ide$en !e*&e(e% a(a$%(r:>ár:'9 É8? 8en e%+r( +$%en'+(!en á''(a a% e$e<+n;e <e)*r*Q(+$+re9 .+?$!! ider6'(, "); a >i'<e$e ne< &"'(a e);ed6', ai a !e*?&e(e% e$e<+n;er' e're (=d(a9 Ne< (ein(e( <e)'e8ne

anna <e)á''a8Q(á$a, "); a Vi'á)ere$ede' *%*(( $" %$id: $%ár<a%á$ &e%e( +$a'a'<a%"(( &"'( e%e $%á<á( <in(e); n+);e%er >re !eU$6'i9 Aa(a$%(r:>a *&e(e%(+!en á'd"%a(=' e$e(( ("r"n;!+'ie *%*((a%"n!an e);e('en e);e( $e< (a'á'(a *%6'69 .ider6'(, "); a%?na8 e);i $e< <en( !e d"')"%ni9 E% *n<a)á!an i$ $"a(<"nd:*r6'<+n;, <+)i$ U$=8án (*red+e a%"na a% e''en(<"ndá$"?na, a<e';ee' '+8+$r'?'+8+$re (a'á'"%=n9 Ha >i);e'e<!e

&e$$%6, "); a +( ("r"n;!an a% *(&ene%er "(( d"')"%:n Q&6'rend$%erin( <in(e); @0?100 e%er > 6);>+' +$ (=ri$(a >"rd=' <e)na8"n(a, a<e';ne e);idejP$+)e <in(e); 50?0 e%er >re (ee(,341enne e''en+re a a'"((a $%á<a a 'e)=(:!!i F'ej(e(( 'iUi( $%erin(ár"<e%er > a'a(( <arad9 -+)8edi) 295 >9 E!!' 45 > a(P%"'(: +$ a% e'$$e)+';n;j(: á'd"%a(a9 Á''Q(:'a) 15?en &"'(a a !eU$a8:d: re86')+8e =(a$ai +$ a )+8e $%e<+';%e(e, a<e';

+( i';en a(a'<a$ )+8 e$e(+!en je'en(+(e'enne <"nda(:9 ); a9T9J?!en d"')"%: *%6' a% á'd"%a(" $%á<a 21?re <:d"$='9Á''Q(:'a) 209000 >ne $ier6'( a +( +86'e(!' i<ene6'nie9 E%?%e' a8U$"'a(!an a )"nd"'"d: "'&a$: =);ana!!a a di'e<<á!ae$i, <in( a "'"a=$% 'eQrá$ai( "'&a$&a9Ca(a('an=' );ana"dni e%d, "); ");an i$ $ier6'e(e(( an+<e(ene <in(e); +( +& a'a(( a% a=$U_i(%i +$ !irenani +(dara! re<a(:ri=<!an 90009000 %$id: á'd"%a("( e'+)e(ni9 7redA9 Le=U(er <+rn* $%a&+'e<+n;e $%erin( 24 :ra a'a(( U$=8án4,2 > a8aUi(á$a &"'(, de e% i$ U$a e'<+'e(!en9 A );a"r'a(!ane%( 205 >re !eU$6'i9 Ha ie(6n Le=U(er <+rn* $%a&+'e?<+n;ne <+) a% e'a<&a$%(á$ e'<+'e(i 'ee($+)e i$ a'a(( <arada >+'<i''i:na9 .ereQ(&e a *nn;e!! $%á<Q(á$ +rde+!en 1000na88a' >i);e'e<!e &+&e 49200 >( (e$% i9 A );a"r'a(i !eU$'+$?$e' i<=(a("(( 205 >b24 :ra =);anU$a a ere 1000 na88a' $%á?



<Q(&a 2059 000 >re <:d"$='9Sajn"$ L=U(er <+rn**n Q&6' e)%a( $%á<Q(á$"a( a (+n;?'e)e$ á'd"%a("ra &"na("%:an <+) $eni $e< &+)%e(( 'e)a'á!!i$ne< (=d=n r:'a +n;(e'ene &a);=n ("&á!!ra i$ a $*(+(!en (a?

8")a(:%ni9);ane% a +($+) <=ná' !enn6n a >en(i 209000?e$ $%á<?<a' a8U$"'a(!an i$9 E% =);ani$ a +( ("r"n;ra e'"$%(&a 109000?109000 >( je'en(9 A d+'i ("r"n;!a &a': re86')+8 !eU$a8:dá$ +$ a("r"n;( *$$%e"<'á$a *%*(( U$=8án e); :ra (e'( e'9 -+) e); &+$%?ijára("( i$ >i);e'e<!e &+&e a +( ijára("n e% a'a(( 9000?9000e<!er "); (=d"(( i8r+$e'dni an+'6', "); e);e('en e<!er( i$a);"n(a8"$(a &"'na9 Bi%"n; rej(+'; <arad9

A !eU$a8:d: re86')+8e 8i':(áina e'$ &ariáUi:!an &a':i&a(a'"$ <e)ne&e%+$e <ár ne< i$ <"$"';=na(, ane< a"(án?a( &á'(ja i9 A <e)ne&e%e(( 8i':(á e);ie (e'e>"n"n !eje'en(e?%e(( +$ >e'Q&(a a 7BI >i);e'<+( a (+&ed+$re, i$%en +'M .+$!!<+) > je'en(e%e(( a 1 <e)ne&e%e(( e'*&e(!'9342A% 7BI n;"<"%:ina arUa $e< ránd='(, r*&ide$en j ne&e(<"nd(a9 .*nn;en 'ee( "';an(, ai $"a ne< i$ '+(e%e(( anna

e''en+re, "); >+n;+8e( i$ <e''+e'(e "%%á9A n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%"(( i&a(a'"$ =(a$ 'i$(á"n e);+!+n(e);e('en ara! n+& $e< $%ere8e'9Id+%%6 >e' a (*r(+n(ee( idrendi $"r!an Ne_ "ri id$%á?<Q(á$ $%erin(#@ :ra 4 8erU"r a% A<eriUan Air'ine$ 119 $%á< jára(aB"$("n!:' L"$ An)e'e$ (i U+''a' !eU$a8:di a Vi'á)ere$ede'<i.*%8"n( X"r'd Trade Jen(erY +$%ai ("rn;á!a, <ajd >e'r"!!an9A% =(a$$%á''Q(: re86')+8 (Q8=$a B"ein) 55?e$ :riá$ )+89 1@ 8erUUe' +$!! :ra 3 8erU"r a% ni(ed Air'ine$ 15?*$ jára(a,a<e'; =);anU$a e); B"ein) 55?e$ )+8 +$ =);anU$a B"$("n?L"$ An)e'e$ '+)i>"';"$:n *%'eedi !eU$a8:di a 9T9J9 d+'i("rn;á!a9 -Q) a% +$%ai ("r"n; *%e8+( j:' <e)U+'"%&a (*r(+ni are86')+8 !eU$a8:dá$a, addi) a d+'i ("r"n;na e);i $ará( +ri,a<e'; =);an 'án)!a !"r=', de a )+8 ne< r"!!an >e'9 A (e'e&Q%i:



*%&e(Q(+$+!en 'á(a(:, a<in( a B"ein) 55?e$ )+8 a re86'+$ 'en?d6'e(e >"';(án e); 'e>e'+ (ar(: Q& <en(+n ("&á!! re86'9 E!!' e);?+r(e'<Pen *&e(e%i, "); U$a a re86')+8 !a'$%árn;á!an '+&e$e('e)e$ 6%e<an;a)(ar(á'; er"%in <enn;i$+)e r"!!an !e9 Ha

a!!an e);á'(a'án &"'( 6%e<an;a)?(ar(á'; A +(e'; j")"$M Ha e% a%6%e<an;a) r"!!an( !e a ("r"n;+86'e(!e, nee%en +r(e(, "); are86')+8 e)+$%e <i+r( ne< r"!!an( >e'9 S%+'$$+)e$ e$e(!en <+)a%( $e< 'ee( i%árni, "); a% =(a$$%á''Q(: re86')+8 >ed+'%e(+r'e$e('e) e); ra+(a !e'*&+$e (*r(+n( a d+'i ("r"n;!a9 Enne 8edi)<+) a 8=$%(a >e'(+(e'e%+$e i$ ("&á!!i ne+% +rd+$ere 'enne a'?a'<a$9 Bi%"n;ára e% a% "a, "); <+) a 'e)&+r<e$e!! +(ed$$e< &e(e((e >e' e); i';en a'(erna(Q& 'ee($+)e(9

A%( <ár <e) $e< +rde%%6, "); a% e'$ !eU$a8:d: re86'?)+8 );+r =(a$'+($%á<a e''en+re <i+r( indQ("((a B"$("n!:' L"$An)e'e$!e 1@ 8erUUe' +$!! <+) e); :riá$ =(a$$%á''Q(: )+8e(WHi$%en a +( )+8 =(a$'+($%á<a e);6((&+&e <+) a )+8 >+re';ei?ne a >e'+( $e< &e((e i)+n;!e9A'i) (*!!, <in( >+' :rá&a' +$!! :ra 40 8erU"r a%A<eriUan Air'ine$ 55 $%á< jára(a, a<e'; a% a<eriai a(:$á)" $%erin( e); B"ein) 55?e$ :riá$)+8 Fra+(a+n( U$a8:di !e a

a$in)("ni en(a)"n!a, a<e'; (=d&a'+&en a% a<eriai ad?3436);<ini$%(+ri=< +86'e(e9 A <e)r"n)á':d"(( +86'e( >+n;+8e a(á<adá$( *&e(en $%in(e a%"nna' >e'er6' (*!! Qr$%"')á'a( in(er?ne(e$ 'a8jára9 A ri(i=$ $%e<'+' a +8e( n+%&e i(e('en6' U$:?&á'ja a >ej+( a (á("n): ';= 'á(a(: +$ a "<'"%a((ar(: "$%'"8" <+re(ei&e' *$$%e&e(e(en a'i)a (e$%i &a':$%QnP$Q(e(&+, ");a%"n e); B"ein) 55?e$ :riá$ re86')+8 a("'( &"'na !e a% +86?'e(!e9 A !eU$a8:d: )+8!' =);ani$ $e<+'e re86')+8 a'a(r+$%( $e< (a'á'(a a%+86'e(!en9 ja!! +rd+$# "&a 'e((e a% :riá$)+8 r"nU$ai *%&e(?'en6' a r"!!aná$ =(án9 A e'e(e%e(( 8=$%(Q(á$ e);á'(a'án ne< &a?':$%QnP$Q(i, "); >e'i$<ere(e('en$+)i) a8r: dara!"ra r"!!ana?("(( >e' a a(a'<a$ re86')+8 (e'je$ (*<e)e9 A e';$%Qnen &i%$)á?':d: $%a+r( na); (*!!$+)e ); &+'i, "); ide ne< e); :riá$



re86')+8, ane< e); ra+(a U$a8:d"(( !e9 A e';$%Qni 'á(&án; e%((e'je$ <+r(+!en i)a%"'(a9 T"&á!!i +rd+$e# "&á 'e(( a"r a%A<eriUan Air'ine$ 55 $%á< jára(a =(a$ai&a' e);6((WA% ni(ed Air'ine$ 39 $%á< jára(a 10 :ra 10 8ere"r enn?

$;'&ania <e''e(( 'e%=an9 Á''Q(:'a) <i=(án a (err"ri$(á <e)8r:? !á'(á a(a'<=!a erQ(eni9T+rj6n a%"n!an &i$$%a a ("rn;""%, <i&e' a% a'a=': e$e?<+n;e <+) $%á<"$ >e'"'da(a('an e''en(<"ndá$ra Q&já >e' >i?);e'<6ne(9TQ% :ra =(án *( 8erUUe' *$$%e"<'i a 9T9J9 d+'i ("rn;a9 Ne<(+&ed+$M A% a ("r"n;, a<e';e( 1@ 8erUUe' +$!! +r( a re86'(á?<adá$ +$ $"a' i$e!! <+r(+!en $+r6'(, <in( a% +$%ai ("r"n;9

A r"!!aná$( e'id+% er"%in <enn;i$+)e j:&a' e&e$e!!, <ai?<=< a >e'e 'ee(e(( <in( ae?'e$'e)e$ "&e(e('ened+$ne a na);"n >"n("$ +rd+$(, <i(' "<?'"(( *$$%e e% a a(a'<a$ +86'e(W -ai na8i) a% a ne&e($+)e$ne <"nda(: <a);ará%a(, "); a >e'r"!!an( er"%in Fe); r+$%e a>a'a"n 'eU$=r)"(( +$ a >*'d$%in( *rn;++n >e'r"!!an(, a<e';ne *&e(e%(+!en a% aU+'&á% <e)"'&ad( +$ a% +86'e(e *$$%ed'(e9A% e'ej+n 'e e'' $%*)e%n6n enne &a':$%QnP$+)e e);en' a n='?

'á&a'9 É$ a"r <+) >in"<an >")a'<a%(=n9 Ne< $%a!ad >i);e'<en Q&6' a);ni, "); a Vi'á)ere$e?de'*'da'a((i r+$%'e)+!en e); i$e!! (eera=(: ra"<án;ána <e)?>e'e' <enn;i$+)P r"!!an: an;a) (á&irán;Q(á$ >e'r"!!an(á$á&a'9344A ("r"n; a%"n!an a rendQ&6' er$ aU+'&á%ára (ein(e((e' <e) $e<<"%d='(9 A e';i ár" );"r$an e';reá''Q(a(: &"'(a9 A% A<e?riá!an +$ .anadá!an <e)je'en 'a8" 8=!'iá'(á a ("rn;"(:'21 <+r>*'dn;ire '+& La<"n(?D"er(; Ear( O!$%er&a("r; .=(a?(:*%8"n( $%ei%<i=$<+r+$eine a ("rn;" *$$%e"<'á$a e'((i<á$"d8erUe!en <+r( +r(+ei(9 A Ne_ "r á''a<!e'i a'i$ade$e);e(e*'dren)+$<+r !erende%+$ a RiU(er?$á'a $%erin(i 2,1er$$+)P >*'dren)+$( <+r( a d+'i ("r"n;, i''e(&e 2,3?a( a% +$%ai ("?r"n; *$$%e"<'á$á( *%&e('en <e)e'% id!en9 "n?"nn) .i<



$%erin( a% 13?a$ r"!!aná$ idej+n $e<+'e >*'d<"%)á$ ne<&"'( +$%'e'e(9 );ana"r <e)á''a8Q("((á, "); a r"!!aná$ 8i''ana(á!an <+r( >*'dren)+$ $%?$%"r"$a a% +86'e( *$$%e"<'á$aá'(a' ""%"(( >*'d<"%)á$ er$$+)+ne9 @

A ("rn;" *$$%e"<'á$ána (e'e&Q%i:$ *%&e(Q(+$+( <a)a< i$&ide:?>i'<re &e((e< +$ (*!!$%*r &i$$%ajá($%"((a<9 E!!' e);+r?(e'<P&+ &á'i, "); a%" ne< a re86')+8e !eU$a8:dá$ána *?&e(e%<+n;ei9 A ("rn;" a'a)$"ri na); erejP r"!!aná$ á'd"%a(ai'e((e9 Ai &a'aa 'á("(( aár U$a >i'<een i$ r"!!an(á$$a'&+)reaj("(( +86'e($%aná'á$(, anna a ("rn;" *$$%e"<'á$ána 'á(?&án;a na);"n i$<er$$+ &á'i9 edi) e); +86'e( $%aná'á$ e$e(+n a$%6$+)e$ r"!!an:an;a) <enn;i$+)e +$ e'e';e%+$e a% =);anU$a

)"nd"$ $%á<Q(á$$a' >e'<+r( e''ená''á$ 'e6%d+$+re na);"n *r6'?(ein( e'e<%+$ a'a8ján er6' <e)a(ár"%á$ra9 A% e'+n (ár=': "?ra!e'i 'á(&án; >e'id+%+$ ne< "); !enn6n +($+)e(, "); a ("r?n;" F$%aná'á$a a$"n': <+rn*i 8"n("$$á))a' i$%á<Q("(( a?Ui: *&e(e%<+n;e9S" e);+! <e''e(( a% i$ !i%"n;Q(ja, "); a% +$%ai ("r"n;(:'=);anU$a +$%ai irán;!an a% ((e$( <á$i "'da'án, ('e 0 <+(er?re á'': );ne&e%e(( 5?e$ +86'e( &a'a<i&e' +$!! =);anU$a

+86'e($%aná'á$"% a$"n': <:d"n *$$%e"<'"((9 Te((e e%( anna e''en+re, "); $e<+'e '+)i !eU$a8:dá$ ne< +r(e9 A% *$$%e"<':9T9J9 +$%ai ("rn;ána 'e"<': (*r<e'+e ne<"); ár( ne< (e(( !enne, ane< e' $e< +r(e9@ A% ada(" a .anadá!an <e)je'en -AGAR /ELEN UQ"rrá$"ra &a': i&a("%á$"a'n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%"(( *%'e<+n;ei!' $%ár<a%na934A a$"n': *%e'$+)!en '+& 9 +$ 9 +86'e( n"a =);ane?e% a% +86'e(e);6((e$e% (ar("%"((, $e<+'e ár( ne< $%en&e?de((9A 5?e$ +86'e( =);anU$a >e'arU"': &"'(, !ár a 9T9J9 ("?r"n;+86'e(ein+' a'aU$"n;a!! a <a)a 45 e<e'e(+&e' +$ 1@0 <+(ere$<a)a$$á)á&a'9Ha$"n':an aU+'&á%a$ (eUn"':)iá&a' +86'(9 A% *$$%e"<'á$



"a, i(( +$ a% aU+'$%ere%e( <e)"'&adá$a, 8edi) e!!en a% +86'e(? !en ne< (=dni "nnan U$a "';an je'en(+(e'en ir"da(6%e &"'(a, a<e';ne "'(á$á(, <in( $%6$+)(e'en(, <e) $e< e%d(+9A $%a+r( <+) +( >"n("$ <e)á''a8Q(á$á( =);anU$a +r(+?

e'ni e''919b E'+8%e'e(e('en "';an á''a8"(, "); a% e);idejP'e) >e'?r"!!an: !ár<i';en >"';+"n; r"!!an:an;a) e); r+$%ee'er6'je a r"!!aná$(9 XA er"%in e); r+$%+ne 'eU$=r)á?$aY29b A ("rn;" &á%á( a'"(: aU+'$%ere%e( <e)"'&adá$á"%<ini<=< 100 J >" <+r$+'e( $%6$+)e$9 A er"%in>e' r"!!aná$a <enn;i$+)+(' >6))e('en6' ne< +8e$

i';en <a)a$ <+r$+'e( e'á''Q(á$ára9E%e =(án ne< er6'e( <e) a +rd+$# i, <i"r +$ ine a% =(a$Q(á$ára $%á''Q("((á +$ (ár"'(á a >e'(ee(en (*!! (eera=(:?n;i r"!!an:an;a)"( a ("rn;" a'a)$"rá!aW .ine a% =(a$Q(á$árar"!!an("((á >e' (á&irán;Q(á$$a', e$e('e) id%Q(e(( $%ere%e((e'W.ider6'(, "); a ("rn;" *$$%e"<'á$á( *&e(en <in(e); *(+( <'&a (a'á'(a U$a <e)"'&ad( aU+'$%ere%e(i <arad&án;"a(a (*r<e'+ e'(aarQ(á$a =(án, de U$a a% a'a)$"r!an +( e<e'e(

<+';en9 A <in(e); *(&ene%er ("nna $%ere%e(i aU+'<arad&án;($e<+'e &i%$)á'a( a'á ne< &"n(á, ane< <e)'ee($ );"r$a?$á))a' e'ad(á <ind*$$%e 50 d"''ár+r( ("nnájá(9 edi) e); i';eni$<ere('en erede(P a(a$%(r:>a e$e(+!en a (e'je$ (*r<e'+an;a)'e))"nd"$a!! á(&i%$)á'á$a e'en)ede(e('en9 Arra )"nd"'ni $e<<er6n, "); a% 7BI n;"<"%:ina $%a<ai >e'+$%6'e('en$+)e,e$e('e)e$ an;a)$á)a ""%a((a enne e'<='a$%(á$á(9 Ne<, err'$%: $e< 'ee(M Va'aa i&i%$)á'á$a $"rán ann;i <='a$%(á$ (*r(+n(934A (á<adá$( *&e(en a% 7BI i''e(+e$ei a%"nna' *%*'(+9"); a($%á% 'ee($+)e$ $%á'"n indQ("((á <e) a n;"<"%á$(9 (:?'a)"$ i$<ere(ein a'a8ján e%( a 'e)a(ár"%"((a!!an +($+)!e e''&"nn=n9Anná' i$ iná!!, <er( n+án; :ra e'(e'(+&e' <ár !e i$ je'en?



(e((+, "); a% A>)ani$%(án!an (ar(:%"d: O$%a<a !in Láden &e?%e((e a'?.aida (err"r$%er&e%e( e<!erei *&e((+ e' a (err"r(á<a?dá$(9 E%( <ind a <ai na8i) 'á(a(: <e));%d+$$e' á''Q(já9 I';enr*&id id a'a(( =);ani$ a <ár !eje''en(e(( Fa($%á% e'>"rd='a(:

U$e'e&+$i $%á'a( j:$%er+&e' <+) >e'$"r"'ni, je);%+!e &enni $e<'ee(, ne<"); i(erjed( n;"<"%á$( &+)e%ni9 A% 7BI >=rU$a &i$e'?ed+$+!' arra 'ee(ne *&e(e%(e(ni, "); <ár a% Fe'$ $%á'&i%$)á'a(ána e%de(+n "';an +($+)!e&"na(a('an !i%"n;Q(+"?"% j=("((a, "); a% i%árja <inden <á$, 'ee($+)e$ !Pne'*&e?( '+(e%+$+(9 Vi(a(a(a('an !i%"n;Q(+" a%"n!an ne< er6'(e e' <ind a <ai na8i)9 Ne&e($+)e$ er'*d+$e i';ene !e<=(a(á?$ára anná' iná!!9 -in( 8+'dá=' anna !eje'en(+$e, "); a (err"?

ri$(ána de'ará'( ara! a'?.aida (a)"r:' iderQ(e((+, ne<r+)&+)e%(e re86')+8 &e%e(i (an>"';a<"( e); <a)áni$"'á!an9Va); e); *%e'!en 8ar"': )+8"U$i!an <e)(a'á'(á a re86?')+8 <P*d+$+( i$<er(e( *n;&e(9 A%( i);ee%ne a <e)re((en(na);*%*n$+))e' e'i(e(ni, "); e); i';en a(a'<a$ =(a$$%á''Q(:?)+8 &e%e(+$e i';en !"n;"'='( <an&ere%+$, a<e'';e' a ("rn;"a(<e)U+'"%a((á, e); );"r$(a'8a': re86')+8 &e%e( (an>"';a<"ne'$ajá(Q(a(:9 I)a%, a% a<eriai 'a"$$á) <ani8='á'á$a j:&a' *n;?

n;e!!, <in( a $" á!"r$ &iar á'(a' &er( e=r:8aia+, e%((a'<+)i$ (''+8(+ i$%+en;$+)6 a(árá(9 -ár a% =(Ua (ár);i'a)"$e<!ere $e< i$% e%e!en a% e''en(<"ndá$"(:' e<%$e) i(a'á'(<e$+!en9 Erre 8edi) a% =(:!!i *(&en +&!en ne< &"'( 8+'da9A% a<eriaia a &i'á) r+<6'e(!e ej(e(( n+8eine r*&ide$enn;i'&án"$$á)ra "%and: !i%"n;Q(+"a( Q)+r(e O$%a<a !inLáden +$ a% á'(a'a &e%e(e(( a'?.aida (err"r $%er&e%e( e''en a ("r?n;" 8=$%(='á$a 6);+!en9A n+án; na8 <='(án 8=!'iá'( !i%"n;Q(+" a%"n!an e);('?e);i) >e'(+(e'e%+$ere a'a8"%"(( *%e';e9 +'dá='# Fa% SA e'?'en a% =(:!!i +&e!en e'*&e(e(( <er+n;'e(e á((er+!enVALISZINLEG O$%a<a !in Láden á'' &a); Fa 1 )+8e'(+rQ(? !' 3 &a'a+'e a8U$"'a(!an á'' !in Ládenne' Fa $%e8(e<!er 34511?i U$e'e<+n; Q$+r(e(ie$en a$"n'Q( a% 1@ a=)=$%(=$ en;ai



+$ nair"!i a<eriai na);*&e($+)e e''en e'*&e(e(( 8""')+8e$<er+n;'e(ee% Xa<e';er' +$!! ider6'(, "); <e)$%er&e?%je e); A'i -"a<ed ne&P 7BI 6);n* &"'(9Y J$a a rend ed?&++r( e<'Q(j6 <e), "); e <er+n;'e(e 6r6);+n (á<ad(a <e) a%

E);e$6'( Á''a<" 1@ a=)=$%(=$á!an A>)ani$%(án(9 A <er+n;?'e((e' a"r i$ !in Láden( &ád"'(á9A +$!!ie $"rán (*!! &ide">e'&+(e'( i$ !ejá($%"((a a (e'e?&Q%i:!an, a<e';en e); O$%a<a !in Ládenne ne&e%e(( $%aá''a$,(=r!án"$ *re)e<!er !e$%+' +$ "<á';"$ U+'%á$"a( (e$% a ("rn;" á'(a'= e'*&e(e(( >e'r"!!an(á$ára9 T*!! i';en &ide"a%e((a e'$ !ejá($%á$á( a i(e'e$$+) na);"!! 'á($%a(ára a% a'?D%$a%irá (e'e&Q?%i: &+)e%(e9 Tar(=n ('e ne< in);enM R*&ide$en ider6'(e

a%"n!an, "); e%e a F!i%"n;Q(+" a<i$a9 7e'(ee(en &a'a?<e'; Ne_?"ri >i'<'a!"ra(:ri=<!an, j"!!i e$e(!en H"'';?_""d!an +$%(e((+ e(9A% a'?.aida $%er&e%e(e(, <in( a <P&e'( &i'á) 'e)&e$%ede'<e?$e!! e''en$+)+( i);ee%ne a% a<eriai $aj(: &er(i=<á!an a *%?&+'e<+n; (=da(á!a d*n)*'ni9 Ee% a <P&e'e(e% a%(án n+án;e'en;+$% i&+(e''e', U$a('a"%i a% e)+$% &i'á) 'á(a(a('an *%? 8"n(já!:' irán;Q("(( $aj(:ja i$9 É88en e%+r( ne< 'e$% >e'e$'e)e$ n+?

án; <"nda(!a !e<=(a(ni +'e $%er&e%e(r' i$ &an $%:W -i((=dna r:'a a (ár);i'a)"$ e'e<%WA% a'?.aida (='ajd"n+88en a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" an;a)i (á?<")a(á$á&a' j*(( '+(re a S%"&je(=ni: A>)ani$%(án e''eni a)re$$%i?:ja idej+n9 7e'ada(a U$=8án a S%"&je(=ni: e''eni arUra je'en(e?%e(( ara! *n+n(e$e !e$"r"%á$a &"'(9 Teá( ne< &"'( (*!!, <in(e); *%*n$+)e$ $"r"%: ir"da, a<e'; e$a_ar!an <P*d*((9 A%ir"da &e%e(je &a':!an O$%a<a !in Láden &"'(, <in( a $%ad?ará!iai "r<án; i6'd*((je, ai( a% a<eriaia !Q%(a <e) e%%e'a >e'ada((a', $ i$ >i%e((+9E'<"nda(j=, "); !in Láden +$ a% a<eriai "r<án; <e)? !Q%"((a *%*(( a &i$%"n; (*!! <in( $%Q&+';e$ &"'(9 Ne< jár=n <e$$%e a% i)a%$á)(:', a <e)"Uá%(a(j= !in Láden e <in$+)+? !en a% 7BI 6);n*e+n( <P*d*((9 A% a<eriai "r<án; an;"'U&ana$ +&e <á$"di >e'(' e);re n;Q'(a!!an '+8e(( >e' a ne<?



%e(*%i 8"r"nd"n I%rae' &+de'<+!en, <ajd e);re na);"!! an;a)i$e)+';e%+$$e' e''á((a a 'e)<"derne!! >e);&eree' i$9 I%rae' 8edi)34@a <e)n*&eede(( !e>"';á$á( +$ >e);&er%e(+( a% ara! &i'á), 6'*n*?

$en a 8a'e$%(in" e''en a$%ná'(a >e'9 Ér(e(, "); e% e);re j"!? !an <+r)e%(e a% ara! "r$%á)" +$ a% E);e$6'( á''a<" &i$%"n;á(9A i'enU&ene$ +&e e'ej+n indQ("(( *!*'á!"r e%de(+ni+n;$%erQ(e((e a S%ad?ará!iai "r<án; "%%ájár='á$á( "r$%á)aa<eriai <e)$%á''á$á"%9 E%( a%(án a &a''á$"$ i$%'á< "r$%á)" a'ee( 'e)na);"!! e''en$%en&&e' >")ad(á9A% a"r S%=dán!an +' O$%a<a !in Láden U$a('a"%&a a%i$%'á< 8"'i(iai er*%, *&e(e'(e a% a<eriai U$a8a(" S%a=d?

Ará!iá!:' &a': i&"ná$á(9 E%%e' e); U$a8á$ra <a)ára ara)Q("((a"rá!!i <e)!Q%:já(, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;á(9 H"$$% id?re <aaU$ e''en$+)e( $%er%e(( <a)ána9A S%=dánra nee%ed e);re &e$%+';e$e!! n;"<á$ a(á$árai("'"nU"'(á ( a% "r$%á)!:'9 A"r (e'e8ede(( á( A>)ani$%(án!a9O$%a<a !in Láden e);+!+n( $%a=d?ara! $%ár<a%á$, a<e';ne á''a<8"')ára i$9 A &i'á) U$a a% 1@?a$ A>)ani$%(án e''eni a<e?riai a)re$$%i: idej+n i$<eri <e) a ne&+(9

A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;a ( );an$Q("((a a 7BI 6);?n** á'(a' e'*&e(e(( nair"!i na);*&e($+)e e''eni <er+n;'e((e'9Enne 6r6);+n iada(á$á( *&e(e'(e a% a>)ani$%(áni (á'i! &e%e(+$?('9A (á'i! "r<án;%a(na =);an a'i) &"'( a8U$"'a(a !inLádenne', <+)i$ +n;(e'en &"'( &+de'<+!e &enni9 Ha =);ani$ 6'?d*%!e &e$%i e'&e$%(i a% i$%'á< &i'á) addi)i i)en je'en($ (á<"?)a(á$á(9 De ne< i$ i$<er(e !in Láden );aran &á'("%: (ar(:%"dá?$i e';+(9A% a'?.aida, e% a +( >=(!a''U$a8a(n;i $%er&e%e( <ajd U$a a20019 $%e8(e<!er 11?+n 'e"<': F!a!i'"ni ("rn;" 6r6);+n (e$%$%er( a &i'á)Qrn+&re9 /e'en($+)+( <inden er&e' i);ee%ne a 'e?e( 'e)na);"!!ra n*&e'ni9-i=(án a% a<eriai "r<án; a Vi'á)ere$ede'e'<e?



r6'( anna $%6$+)'e(e, "); e%( a $%er&e%e(e( e); ne<%e(*%i'e)i$ i$<ere( na); $%er&e%e((+ da)a$$%á9 A% A7 j$á)Qr:jaS"8ie J'ande( 20029 deUe<!er ?+n je'en(e((e, "); a 8a'e$%(ina(:$á)" a )á%a?*&e%e(!en -"$%ad 6);n**e( 'e8'e%(e 'e,

ai a (i("!an a'?.aida $ej(e '+(re"%á$án F<=ná'"d(a9Ra$id A!= Sa!a )á%ai !i%("n$á)i (i$%( i$ <e)er$Q(e((e, "); a%34i%rae'i (i("$$%"')á'a( e<!erei a'?.aida (a)"na ad(á i <a)=?a( +$ (a)"a( ("!"r"%(a9 Sa!a i'enU a$"n': e$e( n;"<"%á$á?r:' $%á<"'( !e9 E);idejP'e) Arie' Sar"n i%rae'i <ini$%(ere'n* >e'á!"r"d&a je'en(e((e !e, "); Fi%rae'i +r(e$6'+$e $%erin( a%a'?.aida a )á%ai?*&e%e(!en +$ Li!an"n!an >"';(a( ("!"r%á$(9 Sa(=n

n;i'&án e'$ +%!' +r(e$6'(, a =);an ne< <a)a ad"(( rá 'e)>e'?$!! =(a$Q(á$(9A% e);e$6'( Á''a<"na, $ ); (Pni I%rae'ne i$, $" +&(i?%ede$ );a"r'a(a, "); (i("$$%"')á'a(ai $%ere%ne 6r6);e( a("?nai in(er&enUi:i"%9 Ha U$a $%á% +& (*r(+ne'<+re 8i''an(=n +$&i$$%a, <e)'ee($en $" i';en e$e<+n; &á'( i$<er((+9 E<'Q($6n <e) n+án;a(, a<e'; e);+r(e'<Pen >e'i$<ere(&+ (e$%i a <in?den"ri a<eriai "r<án;" )"nd"'"dá$<:djá(9

1@@?!an a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" "r<án;a (er6'e($%er% ra!?':á!"r( indQ( S8an;"'"r$%á) e''en9 A% a<eriai >*'dr+$%en á'?'"<á$"%: $8an;"' a("nai +$ (en)er+$%e(i er n;i'&án <e$$%ene< &"'(a e); $';U$"8"r(!a $"ra(: a% a<eriai ere', <i?á'(a' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" *nn;P, <"nda(nán "'U$: );%e'<e(ara("((9 A !+e*(+$"r <e)$%er%i a 76'*8?$%i)e(ee(, =er("RiU"( +$ G=a<a"(, ("&á!!á .=!a >e'e((i 8r"(e("rá(=$(9A (á<ad: á!"r i8r"&"á'á$a a%"n!an ne< &á'i A<eriadiU$$+)+re9 -U .in'e; e'n* =(a$Q(á$ára a<eriai (i("$ 6);n*?* e'$6'';e$%(i a -aina ne&P a<eriai aj:(9 .*&e(e%<+n;e?+88en -U .in'e; e'n* +$ /"n Ha; Fne< á''a((a e''en a á? !"r <e)indQ(á$á( *&e(e' a<eriai n+8ne Ide e'' $"r"'j= a ja8án" e''eni 8r"&"áUi:( a% 1419 de?Ue<!er ear' Har!"r e''eni (á<adá$á"%9 A% a'a8+8'e( i(( i$ na?);"n e);$%erP9 A á!"r e'(( /a8án +$ A<eria *%*(( i)en i?



&á': ere$ede''e) "'aj($%á''Q("(( /a8án r+$%+re9 E%( <+) /a8án +$ .Qna 1319 :(a >"';:á!"rja $e< %a&ar(a <e)9 A<eria <inden %"$%: n+'6' e'>"?

)ad(a, "); /a8án a% á'(a'a e'>")'a'( i)en 'e8=$%(='( .Qnai (er6'e?(en na); +r(+P !er=á%á$"a( aj("(( &+)re9 Or"$%"r$%á)"( &i?$%"n( arra !Q%(a((a, "); $%á''Q($"n adian;a)"( .Qna r+$+re a /a? 8án e''eni á!"rjá"%9 E%e a $%á''Q(á$" <ár 13?!an, &a); N9N9 /a"&'e&# ear' Har!"r rej(+';e 10@9 "'d930<+) "rá!!an <e)e%dd(e9 A $%"&je( $e)Q($+) "dái) >""%:?d"((, "); a("nai a'a='a("a( i$ &e%+n;e'(e .Qná!a a /a8án"

e''en9 A<eria a% e''en $e< '+8e(( >e', "); /a8án a% á'(a'a e'>")?'a'( -and%$riá!an 8r"'a<á'ja a% *ná'': <and%$= *%(ár$a$á)"(X-and%$=:Y /a8án $%"r)a'<a$ <=naerej+&e' >""%a("$an "n?=ren$+&+ &á'( a% a<eriai i8arna9 A <ár a"r i$ $"a( an?)"%(a("(( !++$ )a%da$á)i &er$en; A<eria >""%a("$ 'e<aradá?$á&a' jár(9 A n+<e(?$%"&je( á!"r ered<+n;e$ i8r"&"á'á$á(*&e(en a ne<%e(*%i '+)*r a'a'<a$$á &á'( e); J$ende$?:Ueáni á!"r <e)indQ(á$á"%9 A% a<eriai "n)re$$%=$ !ár

$" >=rU$a (*r&+n;( i$ e'>")ad nee%en aj'ana e); (á<ad: á!"r<e)$%a&a%á$ára R""$e&e'( e'n* <e) $e< 8r:!á'"%i &e'e,a<Q) e'' +r&ee( ne< (=d >e'"%ni9 Örd*)i (er&e( e$%e' i9 7"?"%a("$an <e)&"nja a /a8án $%á<ára ere$ede'<i $%er%d+$eena'a8=': n;er$an;a) +$ "'aj$%á''Q(á$"a(9S( ere$ede'<i e<!ar):( &"n /a8án *r+, <iá'(a' <á$ á'?'a<" i$ <e''%ni +n;(e'ene /a8án!a irán;=': $%á''Q(á$aia(9/"n .ee)an Qrja a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r UQ"';(a("(( ere$ede'<+!en9 E%e r+&+n ár"<ne);ed r+$%+&e'U$*en(e((e /a8án 6'ere$ede'<+(, &a'a<in( a >"rrá$áná' &á)(ae' "'aje''á(á$a i'enU (i%ed+ne X0^?ánaY a% (já(9 1419 a=?)=$%(=$!an a% A('an(i Jar(a (ár);a'á$ai $"rán R""$e&e'( e'?<"nd(a J=rUi''ne, "); a ja8án"a' &a': (ár);a'á$"n <+)



'e)a'á!! ár"< :na8i) a% id( %%á, $ "rr=ná' >")&a &e%e(i e(9 Ne< U$"da, "); a n;er$an;a) $%á''Q(á$" 6);+!en a /a8á?n" á'(a' e%de<+n;e%e(( (ár);a'á$" $e<e);&ere$ '+8+$ <á$ !e'á(á$ra !Qra(ja R""$e&e'(?e( +$ (anáU$ad:i(9T+&ed(eM A% a<eriai ad&e%e(+$ <ár "rá!!an a /a8án"% 'e)?*%e'e!! '+& ear' Har!"r?i adi(en)eri (á<a$%8"n(jára rendQ?&6' na); aj:ada( irán;Q("((9 .*%(6 i)en $" arUi (e&+en;$+)$%e<8"n(já!:' <ár a'a'<a('an, i$e'ej(e%e(( 8+'dán;(9 A a(a'?<a$ aj:ada( U$=8án n+án; &adá$%re86')+8 &+de'<e%(e9 A ja? 8án Qr$%er%+$ (er<+$%e($%erPen e''en i$<er(e a (á<a$%8"n();en)e &+de'<+(9 Va':$%QnP e!!en <+) a% a<eriai Qr$%er%+$ i$

$e)Q(e((e931A U$a'+(ene "da&e%+n;e'(, $ "da%$>"'( a'i) &+de(( aj:ada% a<eriai <aaU$$á))a' e);ene$ arán;!an e'(e((e >e' a ja8án"r<án; +rde'd+$+(9 -i&e' a% a<eriaia <ár "rá!!an <e)?>ej(e((+ a ja8án" (i("$ rej(je':djai(, 8"n("$an i$<er(+ a a?$in)("n!an (ár);a': ja8án de'e)áUi: r+$%+re 6'd*(( rej(je'%e(("r<án;=(a$Q(á$"a(9 ); R""$e&e'( +$ H='' 6'6);<ini$%(er a

8r"&"áUi: irán;á!a, &e%e(e((e a (ár);a'á$"a(9A >e'"'da(a('an a<eriai á''á$8"n( &+)6' i$ U+'"% +r(, a ja? 8án U$a8a(" =(a$Q(á$( a8(a a ear' H"r!"r?i (á<a$%8"n( e''eni(á<adá$ra9R""$e&e'( +$ 'e)$%Pe!! a!ine(je 8"n("$ (=d"<á$$a' !Qr( a(á<adá$ id8"n(jár:', de ne< +r(e$Q(e((e arr:' a (á<a$%8"n( 8a?ranU$n"á(9 A (á<a$%8"n( &+de'<+re $e<+'e in(+%ed+$( ne<(e((, n"a "';an id!en (=d"(( a +$%6' (á<adá$r:', a<e'; 'ee(?&+ (e((e &"'na anna 'e)(e'je$e!! &+de'<+(9 R""$e&e'( <='a$%(á$aa%"n!an $%ánd+"$ &"'(9 A i8r"&"á'( ja8án (á<adá$$a' =);ani$<e)a8(a, a<ire $%6$+)e &"'(, 6r6);e( a ja8án e''eni á!"r in?dQ(á$ána "n)re$$%=$i j:&áa);á$á(9A% a (+n;, "); "(( (*!! <in( +(e%er a<eriai a("na &e$%?(e((e +'e(+(, <+) U$a ja&Q("((a R""$e&e'( 8"%QUi:i(9 50 -a <ár i$?<er(e a% 10?a$ +&e!en .=!a <e)(á<ada(:$á)a +rde+!en



a% a<eriai >e'$ &e%e(+$ á'(a' +$%Q(e(( );ne&e%e((# N"r(_""d?ad<P&e'e( (er&ei9 A "<<=ni$(a a(a'"<á(&+(e'( *&e(en aader &e%e(i ne< i$<er&+n e'' <+';$+)i) a <inden"ria<eriai e'n* +$ "r<án;a á'(a' (i("!an irán;Q("(( ide)á!"r$

$%+'á<"$$á) $*(+( 6%e'<ei( !i%("$ra &e((+ e); .=!a e''enia<eriai (á<adá$ e'!!?=(:!! je'en(e% >e'ada(á(9 A% a<eriaiader &e%+rari >n*eine (anáU$a Fe'red"')"%&a (er&e( +?$%Q(e(( e); A<eria e''en <e)rende%e(( (err"r?(á<adá$ra, a<e';?ne >e'e'$$+)e <ajd .=!ára 'e$% árQ(a(:9 E%( 8edi) á!"r$<e)("r'á$ *&e(n+9A (er& $%erin( a% a<eriai ad$ere) (i("$ r+$%'e)ei a<eriaire86')+8ee( (+rQ(e(( &"'na e', &a'a<in( a<eriai aj:a( r"!?

!an("(( &"'na >e', a<e'; =!ai (err"r(á<adá$ 'á($%a(á( e'(e((e &"'?na9 A (er& (ar(a'<a%(a A<eriá!an e' =!ai e<i)rán$" <e)?);i'"'á$á(, &a'a<in( e); aj: >e'r"!!an(á$á( a G=an(ana<"?50 WWW Xián;%i, S%er9Y32*!*'!en, (*!!e( 8edi) a .=!a *r6'i ne<%e(*%i &i%een9 129<árUi=$á!an a (er&e( !e<=(a((á .enned; e'n* &+de'"rd ne<r+) <e)je'en( Ti("$ an;a)",&a'a<in( Da&id R=88e# A<eriai a("nai (er&e a $ajá( &ár"$" (err"ri%á'á$ára e); .=!á&a' &Q&"(( á!"r i8r"&"á'á$a U+'já!:'UQ<P *n;&e ad i<erQ( 'eQrá$( a (er&r' +$ $%6'e(+$+ne *r6'?<+n;eir'9 51Ide e'' $"r"'j= a a(&ana$ +&e F("nini inUiden$+( i$9 En?ne +r(e'e'e Barr;G"'d_a(er $%+'$$+)e$en á!"r$ 8r")ra<<a' ind='(9 A% a("<? !"<!a !e&e(+$+( ja&a$"'(a a% +88en >"';a<a(!an '+& a<eriai?&ie(nae'+rea S%"&je(=ni:ra i$9 E 8r")ra<<a' $%e<!en na);"n i$ ered<+?



n;e$ne Q)+re%e(( /"n$"n F!+e8r")ra<ja9 A% e'n*$+)e( ne<U$a *r*'+$, ane< <e)&á'a$%(á$ (ján i$ $%ere(n+ /"n$"n <e)?$%ere%ni9 Ee% a &á'a$%(: >e'+ <=(a("(( F!+ean);a' $%ere8 na?);"n i$ <e)>e'e'(9 Ne< ); a adii8ari "n$%erne na); a$%n"(

!e%$e!e' 8'=("ra(ái r+$%+re9 -ár8edi) ráj= na);"n i$ (ein(e(?(e' e'' 'ennie, a ne< aar .enned; $"r$ára j=(ni9 ); (eá( a &i?e(nae'e'en a T"nini?*!*'!en XVie(?na<i *!*'Y inUiden$( 8r"&"á'(a("((9A% a<eriai "r<án; a=)=$%(=$ 2?án n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%(a,"); a -add" ne&P ("r8ed:?r"<!"':já( a $%"á$"$ rjára(a *%? !en &ie(na")"(($á) $%ere8+( er'(e((e <a)ára,=);ana"r *%*'(e# a járr*%+$ >"';(a(:dni >") +$ <inden (á<a?d:( <e)$e<<i$Q(ene9 A <á$"di á''Q(:'a)"$ (á<adá$ra a F<+r?$+e'( /"n$"n <ár e<+n;e!!en &á)"(( &i$$%a9 aranU$"( ad"((,"); a *%e'!en á''"<á$"%: J"n$(e''a(i"n +$ TiU"nder")á ne&P51 a=' Ar"n# -e)"'da('an rej(+';e a% a<eriai (*r(+ne'e<!en9 AL-ART .i?ad: 2001 20?2119 "'d933

adiaj:r:' (á<adjá <e) a% +$%a?&ie(na<i járraj: !á%i$á(+$ 6%e<an;a)?ra(árai(9 A% a=)=$%(=$ ?+n &+)reaj("(( !"<!á?%á$$a' e'8=$%(Q("((a @ &ie(naenn(ar(á$ána e'$e)Q(+$+re UQ<<e' Xa T"nini Ha(ár"%a(Y a+8&i$e'á% 41 $%a&a%a((a', e''en$%a&a%a( n+'6', a $%ená(=$ @@$%a&a%a((a' 2 e''en$%a&a%a( <e''e(( e'>")ad(a a a(ár"%a("(9.+$!! n;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'(, "); a i&a("%"(( id!en a-add" ("r8ed:?r"<!"':( $e<+'e (á<adá$ ne< +r(e9 52 AS%"&je(=ni: A>)ani$%(án e''eni 159 +&i a)re$$%i:jána (i("$a<eriai (á<")a(á$ár:' <ár "rá!!an <e)e<'+e%(6n, a<e';<+) Re%a a'a&i iráni $a );anjá( i$ >e'e'(e((e9 -a <ár ne<+($+)e$, "); a S%"&je(=ni: A>)ani$%(án e''eni á!"rja ne< a%



"r"$%" +rde+!en, ane< +88en e''ene%'e), <inden <e)(+?&e$%( 'á($%a( e''en+re A<eria Q&án$á)ára +$ n;i'&án *'($+)+?re (*r(+n(9J+'ja# a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r"% a$"n':an a &ára(: a>)a?

ni$%(áni e&e$ e''ená''á$ <e)(*r+$e9 ); (Pni a%"n!an ee% a(Q% +&e$ +r(e'<e('en "r"$% er>e$%Q(+$ $e< &"'( e'e)end9 H"$$%ered<+n;(e'en 6%de'e< =(án, &a':$%QnP$Q(e( A<eria (anáU$á?ra >e'ad(á a na); e<!er? +$ an;a)i &e$%(e$+))e' jár: á!"r(9 A%a<eriai ad&e%e(+$ e'' <+r(+!en (an='<án;"%&a a% "r"$%" >ia$:já(9 -in(e); (Q% +&i e'+$%Q(+$( *&e(en !in Láden iadá?$á( <e)(a)ad: (á'i! "r<án; e''en <a)= indQ(ana a%:(a i$ !e?>eje%e('en á!"r(9 Va':$á)"$ &e$%(e$+)eie( ne< "%%á n;i'&á?

n"$$á)ra, ); a%"a( ne< i$<erj69 A>)ani$%(án e$e(e (*+'e(e$ !i%"n;Q(+a a% "r"$%" $%ára%>*'di ad<P&e'e(ei, ad&e%e(+$e(e'je$ =darUána9 A<eria i(e <e)in)"(( a $%"&je( ad$ere)>e'(=8Qr"%"(( +8e$$+)+!en97ej'e(( adi(eUniája +$ arUá$%a(i (eUn"':)iája ); (Pni >e'e$'e)e$$+ (e$%i a na); rá>"rdQ(á$( i)+n;' a(a'<a$ $%"&je( ár?<ádia ja!! F*'U$*n!+r'e(+(9 A% e);re (*+'e(e$ed $%á<Q(:)+8&e%+r'+$P !"<!a&e( na); (a'á'a(i 8"n("$$á))a' $e<<i$Q(i <e)

52 a=' Ar"n# -e)"'da('an rej(+';e a% a<eriai (*r(+ne'e<!en9 AL-ART .i?ad: 20019 20?2119 "'d934a i$%e<e'( e''en>+' >*'di !á%i$ai(9 E%e 'e(ar"'á$a =(án n+án;e%er > (en)er+$%);a'")"$$a' e''ená''á$ n+'6' e'>")'a'a(já an?na (e'je$ (er6'e(+(9 -ajd 'á(ni >")j= A>)ani$%(án =(án "r&='<e)(á<ad"(( Ira e$e(+!en $e< i)+n;e'(e <ár A<eria a% "r"$%ader !e&e(+$+(9Ha <+) a 20019 $%e8(e<!er 11?i a$in)("ni en(a)"n e''e?ni '+)i(á<adá$ a<eriai a(:$á)" á'(a' i$<er(e(e(( <:djá( +$ (*r?(+ne(+( i$ <e)&i%$)á'j=, );ann (e'je$ <+r(+!en !ei)a%"':di9A *%'e<+n; $%erin( ide e); B"ein) 55?e$ =(a$$%á''Q(:)+8 U$a? 8:d"(( !e9 A )+8 <+re(ei 13, < <a)a$, 45,3 < "$$% +$ 3@ < a$%+'e$$+)e9 A 8i':(a>6'e <a)a 3, < <a)a$9 A en(a)"n >a'án'á(a(: n;Q'á$, a<e';r' a =rd=e E);e(e< $%á<Q(á$(eUniai



r+$%'e)e >e'&+(e'( +$%Q(e((, $ a "n'a8jár:' !ári 'e(*'(e((e, U$a a>e'e &"'( anna, a<e';en a e<'Q(e(( re86')+8 !ea("'a("(( &"'na9S%á<"$ =(a(: <e)á''a8Q("((a, "); a !eU$a8:d: )+8 e); j:&a'i$e!! arUi)+8 'ee(e((, e$e('e) e); ra+(a9 E% =(:!!i >e'(e&+$(

'á($%i i)a%"'ni, "); a !ea("'á$ e';+n $e<+'e re86')+8?r"nU$, &a); a'a(r+$% ne< &"'( >e''e'e(9 -ár8edi) a e'e(e%e((ár $e<<i+88en ne< i)a%"'ja, "); "';an na); erejP r"!!aná$(*r(+n( &"'na, a<e'; a re86')+8 <inden dara!já( 8"rrá +)e(n+9-+) e% e$e(!en i$ <e) e''e(( &"'na (a'á'ni <e)"'&ad( aU+'an;a)>"r<ájá!an9A en(a)"nra $%á<"$ !i%("n$á)i a<era irán;='(, a<e';<inden 8i''ana( (*r(+n+$+( r*)%Q(i9 E%ee( a%"n!an a% 7BI e<!erei

a 'ee( 'e)na);"!! );"r$a$á))a' *$$%e$%ed(+9 A n;i'&án"$$á)ra"%"(( >e'&+(e'e!' a )+8 !eU$a8:dá$ e'((i 8i''ana(ai ián;"%?na9 N;i'&án i&á)(á e(9 ); a !eU$a8:d: re86')+8 &a); ra?+(a ne< i$ &"'( 'á(a(:9-e) e'' á''a8Q(an=n, "); a Vi'á)ere$ede'e'(ee(en a% i%rae'i (i("$$%"')á'a( $e)Q($+)+?

&e' ); (Pni <a)a (er&e%(e <e) +$ aj("((a &+)re e%( a !"r%a'<a$<er+n;'e(e(, "); 6r6);e( (a'á'j"n a <ár !eind='( ar<adi &i?'á)á!"r i(erje$%(+$+e%9 A%"n!an <ind a (er&e%+$, <+) iná!!a i&i(e'e%+$, "); >in"<an >eje%%6 i <a)=na(, i)enU$a n+'?6'*%i a% i';en na);$%a!á$ (ran%aUi:"% $%6$+)e$ a'a8"$$á)"(93A <e)ne&e%e(( á''Q(:'a)"$ ara! F8i':(á e);ie $e< 6'(e);i re86')+8en $e<9 A n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%"(( Fa'á'!i%("$=(a$ 'i$(a '+)!' a8"(( 'ee(e((, i$%en (*!! F=(a$ je'e%(e, "); ne< i$ =(a%"(( a <e)ne&e%e(( )+8en +$ id!en9 I';en d=r&a i!á e'*&e(+$e a $%er&e%+8e$$+) (e'je$ ián;ára +$ na);>" a?n;a)$á)ra =(a', "); a% e<!eri !eU$6'e(r', 'e'ii$<ere(r', er?*'U$r' ne i$ $%:'j=n9Ha ne< ara! *n+n(e$ <er+n;' &e%e((+ a re86')+8ee( a+( ("r"nn;a' &a': 6(*%+$e%, a"r &aj"n i 'ee((eW A 'e)?



&a':$%QnP!!, "); $eniM E'$ Q%!en a -a);ar De<"ra(a UQ<Pe(i'a8 2002b559 $%á<a *%*' e); in(erj( Andrea$ &"n B6'"_&"'( n+<e( <ini$%(erre'9 V"n B6'"_ i&a("%i e); an)"' re86'?)+8?<+rn* >i);e'e<re <+'(: e'<+'e(+re -i$%erin( a re86')+8e

irán;Q(á$á( Q&6'r' &e((+ i a 8i':(á e%+!'9A% a<eriaia a 50?e$ +&e!en i>ej'e$%(e((e e); "';an e'já?rá$(, a<e'';e' a% e'(+rQ(e(( re86')+8e <e)<en(+$e $%á<Q(:)+8e$&e%+r'+$ a'a8ján 6'$ !ea&a("%á$ r+&+n <e)"'da(: G"nd"'j=n U$a a re86' <"de''e%re, ai a e%6!en '+& i$ d"!"% $e?)Q($+)+&e' irán;Q(já i$ )+8eie(9 -ajd a -a);ar /e'en UQ'ie$ 8aUi>iU =n<anned UQ<P !e$%á<"':?

jána e); r+$%'e(+(, a<e'; <+) 20019 á8ri'i$ 24?i $%á<!an je'en(<e), (eá( a ("rn;" e''eni (á<adá$( <e)e'%en (*!! <in( n+);:na88a'9 I<re a i&a("%"(( r+$%'e(#FA% A=$%(rá' G'"!a' Ha_ i)a%)a(ja R"d S<i( $%erin( are86')+8 a i>=(:8á';ára á''á$(:' a >e'$%á''á$"n e?re$%(6' a 'e$%á''á$i) <inden( +8e$ e<!eri !ea&a("%á$n+'6' e'&+)e%ni9 A r"!"()+8 a $%e<+';%e( n+'6'i re86?')+8e (*r(+ne(+!en a% e'$, <e'; á(re86'(e a J$ende$?

:Ueán(9A &+de'"rniai '+)&+de'e'e$'e)e$ a%( a +rd+$( >e'(enni# Vaj"n6'( &a'ai e);á'(a'án a ("rn;"!a +$ a 8en(a)"n!a !eU$a8:d: re? 86')+8e!en#A $aj(: a%"n 8ana$%"di, "); $%á<"$ +rd+$6re ne<a8(a &á'a$%( a% i''e(+e$e('9 E'a'')a(já a%"n!an, "); <e?';e a%" a +rd+$e, a<e';e &á'a$% n+'6' <arad(a9 A 6'$$%e<'+'ne =);ani$ "';an +r(+$e (á<ad, "); a 'e)>"n("$a!!



+rd+$ee( >e' $e< (e((+, e$e('e) ne< i$ (ee((+9B=$ e'n* 2002 jan=árjá!an e);$%erPen 'eá''Q("((a, &a);i$<e)(i'("((a a $%e8(e<!er 11?i <er+n;'e( <+';rea(:!! &i%$)á'a?(á(9 53

7en(i (+n;e (*!! <in( e'e)end <:d"n i)a%"'já, "); a%a<eriai "r<án;%a( $ajá( <a)a *&e(e(( e' <er+n;'e(e( *n<a)ae''en, "); &a'a<i <:d"n 6r6);e( reá'j"n a (err"ri%<=$ e''eni 8r")ra< je);+!en !ár<e'; "r$%á), "r$%á)" e''eni (á<ad: á!"rindQ(á$á"%9 N+<e'; j$á)Qr: <ár a (á<adá$( *&e( e'$ na8"? !an $ej(e'<e$ 8ár=%a<"( &"n( a ear' Har!"r?i e$e<+n;e +$ a'+)i(á<adá$ *%*((9 A% F*n!e(*r+$ &+)reaj(á$á!an e'*&e(e(($"r"%a("$ !a'*&+$e <indenn+' j"!!an <e));%(+ a +(ed?

e(9 -a <ár );$%:'&án a &i'á) <inden "r$%á)ána F=(Ua e<!e?re, $e< i$% a% a<eriai "r<án;%a( á''á$>")'a'á$á!an9 ); (P?ni e%( a% a<eriai &e%e(+$ i$ +r%i, i$% <"nda(nán ne);ed+&e$);a"ri$á))a' j=((a( e' &ide"a%e((á( a% ara! A'?D%$a%ira (e'e&Q%i?:na, a<e';en <inden e$e(!en e); !in Ládenne <a$%Qr"%"((ara!na 'á($%: *re)e<!er <"nd +(+r(e'<P 6%ene(ee(, a<e'';e' !i%"n;Q(ani i);ee%ne a% a'?.aida ("rn;" e''eni (á<adá$á(9"'i(iai e'e<% a%(án rendre na8""n !e'6' <e)á''a8Q(já,

"); a F&ide"?'i88?e );en)e a<i$Q(&án;"953 -a(ia$ Br*Uer$# Ö$$%ee$6&+$e, *$$%ee$6&+$?e'<+'e(e +$ $%e8(e<!er119(i(ai9 .+(e%ere); iad: +& n+'6' X2002Y 1419 "'da'35-EG.EZDDÖTT A .ÖZEL.ELET /RA?GAR-ATOSTÁSAA% a<eriai "r<án; a ("rn;" e''eni *n<er+n;'e(e( *&e(?en e Ja(edra ije'en(e((e, "); a%( a% O$%a<a !in Láden &e?%e((e a'?.aida (err"ri$(ái *&e((+ e'9 A%"nna' +r(e !in Láden i?ada(á$á( A>)ani$%(án &e%e(i('9 E);idejP'e) rá+n;$%erQ(i aara?(á( a% ENSZ !i%("n$á)i (anáU$ára9 A% A>)ani$%(án e''eni 8$%iU:?%i$ >e'$%Q(á$ára (i("$ (á&ira("!an 6'di $%+( na);*&e($+)eine a% á''Q(:'a)"$ !i%"n;Q(+"a( !in Láden e''en9 E%e a !i%"n;Q(+?"na ne&e%e(( 'eira(" U$=8a >e'(+(e'e%+$een a'a8=': );en)e



+r&e9 Ai "nr+(a!! !i%"n;Q(+"a( +r(e, a%"a( a%%a' árQ?("((a e', "); a%" n;i'&án"$$á)ra "%a(a'a &e$%+';e%(e(n+ a Qr?$%er%á':%a( >"rrá$ai(9-ajd ne<e$ e);$%erP$+))e' a%( a ne&e($+)e$ +r&e( "%%a >e',

"); a% a'?.aidán Q&6' ninU$ e);e('en $%er&e%e( $e<, a<e';ne +rde+!en á''"(( &"'na +$ +8e$ i$ 'e(( &"'na <e)$%er&e%ni +$ &+)?reaj%ani a <er+n;'e(e(9Ér(e(, "); a (á'i! &e%e( i$ i)+n;e'(+ a <inden +($+)e(i%ár: !i%"n;Q(+"a(, a<e';ne >ej+!en aj'and:a 'e((e &"'na !in Láden iada(á$ár:' (ár);a'ni9 A% a<eriai "r<án; i);ee%e((a d"')"( r*&idre %árni9 .*%*'(e A>)ani$%(án &e%e(i&e'# !in Ládeniada(á$ár:' ne< Q&ánna (ár);a'á$"!a !"U$á("%ni, ane<

>e'(+(e' n+'6' *&e(e'i97e'(ee(en e"r <ár !in Láden ne< i$ &"'( a (á'i! &e%e( Fe%e6);+!en iada(á$á( ne< i$ (e'je$Q(e((+9 A<eria e%( á!"?r$ "na (ein(e((e +$ Na);?Bri(annia '+)ierej+&e' e);6(( na);erejP '+)i (á<adá$"a( indQ("(( 2001 deUe<!er+!en a% a>)ani$%(á?ni &ár"$" +$ a("nai U+'8"n(" e''en9 -ai i$<ere(ein a'a8jáne'<"nda(j=# Hi('er $"a' <e)a'a8"%"((a!! +r&e a'a8ján indQ?("((a !ár<e'; e''en>e'e e''en (á<adá$ai(9 A% an)"'?a<eriai !"<?

!á%á$"a' e); id!en <e)ind='( a JIA á'(a' "rá!!an (i("!an>e'+$%Q(e(( e''en%+i a>)ani$%(áni (*r%$e!' $%er&e%e(( É$%aiS%*&e($+) $%ára%>*'di (á<adá$a i$ a (á'i! ader e''en9 Ha(a'<a$<ene6'(?árada( ind='( <e) a $%"<$%+d"$ ai$%(án >e'+9 A<eri?a A>)ani$%(án <e)$%á''&a (ar(á$á"% ENSZ $e)+d'e((e'3@+n;$%erQ(e((e NATO?$%*&e($+)e$ei(, "); F!+e>enn(ar(: a("?nai ere( !"U$á$$"n rende'e%+$+re9A NATO?$%*&e($+)e$e $ajn"$ *%*((6 a%án i$M a+8<=(a(á$ i$"'a8+'dájá( n;j(já9 /:' (=djá =);an, "); e% a(á<ad: á!"r a% ara! &i'á) +$ "'ajána !eerQ(+$e <ajd <e)?$%er%+$++r( >"';i9A% E);e$6'( á''a<" a $%ára%>*'di ad<P&e'e(e <e)indQ(á?$á&a' e);idejP'e) aj(:&adá$%a( 'á($%a(á( e'(i !in Láden +%re?erQ(+$+re9 7ej+re (*!! <i''i: d"''ár &+rdQja( (P% i9 );ana"r



!in Láden n+8e$ U$a'ádjá(, <in(e); 20 >( a<eriai &+de'e<<e''e(( $%á''Q(ja S%ad?Ará!iá!a9 Ne"); &a'a<i !aj= e$$en9 BinLáden( 8er$%e a%:(a $e< (a'á'já9E);re (*!! e'e<% ad an)"( anna a &+'e<+n;+ne, ");

(i("!an a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"!a (á&"%"((, a"' a% a<eriai "r?<án; (i("$ &+de'<+( +'&e%i9 A% a<eriaia +($%QnP$+)+( i$<er?&e <+) e% a% a!$%=rdi(á$ $e< 'á($%i 'ee(e('enne9A>)ani$%(án <e)$%á''á$ána i(erje$%(+$+&e' U$a8a(ai je'en($r+$%+( i&"n(a a% "r$%á)!:'9 -a)a e';e(( <e)$%e88en( F$%*&e($+?)e$ei( +n;$%erQ(e((e, "); F!+e>enn(ar(:+n( a ("&á!!ia!ani$ &+dj+ A<eria 8"%QUi:i(9 E%( a <e)a'á%: á''a8"("( a%(án );á''Q(ja !e, <in(a a Fne<%e(*%i !+e*%*$$+) a (err"ri%<=$ e''e?

ni 6%de'e<!en &enne r+$%(9A (á'i!" i$e!!$+)!en &anna a $"$%QnP a>)ani$%(áni (*r?%$e *%*((9 A $%"&je(=ni: e''en (Q% +&e$ á!"r $%*rn;P $%en&e?d+$ei A>)ani$%(án (e'je$ 'a"$$á)á( "'; <+r(+!en e'U$i)á%(a,"); <ár($a a% a<eriai $e)+';U$"<a)" (ar(já +'e(!en9 E% a+($+)!eej( á''a8"( 'ee(e('enn+ (e$%i a ne<%e(*%i <e)$%á''á$$a'$%e<!en &a': e);$+)e$ >e''+8+$(, <in( anna idej+n (e((+ aS%"&je(=ni: e''en9 A)ani$%(án$%"<$%+dai $e< <erne $e<+'e $e)Q($+)+( n;j(ani r+$%6rea% ide)en <e)$%á'': e''eni 6%de'e<e%9 A (er<+$%e( (*r&+n;ei?ne <e)>e'e'en a%"n!an &i'á)=n á''and: &á'("%á$!an &an9-"nda(nán );"r$ &á'("%á$ (anja9 Nee%en ie(, "); e% a$(a(i=$ á''a8"( "$$% idre >enn(ar(a(: 'e$%92002 n;arán a% an)"'$%á$% na);a(a'<a XE);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ An)'iaY e'+re%e((ne 'á((á a% id( a ar<adi &i'á)á!"r ("?&á!!i i(erje$%(+$+re93A &e(e% U+'8"n( i$<+( Ira, a<e';ne n+8e a'i) <á$>+'+&(i%ed a'a(( i<<ár ar<adQ%!en a8 Q%e'Q(( a% a<eriai de<"?ráUia á'dá$ai!:'9 A &i'á) 'a"$$á)a arr:' +r(e$6', "); Ira (*<e)? 8=$%(Q(: >e);&eree(, >'e) a("<!"<!á( );ár( +$ !i"':)iai >e);&e?ree' i$ rende'e%i9 A %$id: $aj(: erre <indi) a8a(: (e'je$



&er(i=<á&a' <e)e%di a (*<e)e <e)>+'e<'Q(+$+(9 -+) -a?);ar"r$%á)"n i$ 6'*n!*% e';een an(rana 'á($%: >e+r8"r(+$%'e'ne i$e!!?na);"!! (er6'e(een e'$%:r&a9 A% an(ra =);ani$a '+8>ene !e(e)$+) :r""%:ja9 E% a 6'*n*$ 8"r, a<e';r' a &e?

);+$%e );"r$an <e)á''a8Q("((á, "); 'i$%( +$ *%*n$+)e$ 8"r,E=r:8a $%in(en <inden "r$%á)á!an <e)(a'á'a(: &"'(, <+)"%%áa$"n': *r6'<+n;e *%*(( +$ <ajdne< e); id!en9 E%( a ne&e(?$+)e$ a((raUi:( a% irai !i"':)iai >e);&ere(' &a': >+'e'e<e'(+$U+'já!:', de 6'*n*$en a% Ira e''eni 8$%iU:%i$ >e'$%Q(á$ára 8r"?d=á'(á, A je'e $%erin( e); *%8"n(!:' irán;Q("((an9 A% e)+$%(*r(+ne( <in$Q(i ia);a':i( +$ >e'i$<ere(&+ (e((e a n+8e <e$?(er$+)e$ <ani8='á'á$ára &a': (*re&+$+(9

A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" e'n*e arUa <inden "<"';$á)á&a'<e)e%d(e S%addá< H=$$%ein irai e'n* e''eni )á('á$(a'an a?%=)$á)ai&a' &e);Q(e(( $aj(: adjára(á(9 .*&e(e'(e, "); ne<%e(*?%i e''enr%+$ <e''e(( a'ad+(a'an=' e%dje <e) a% e);+!+n( ne<'+(e% (*<e)8=$%(Q(: >e);&ereine <e)$e<<i$Q(+$+(, a ("&á!!iQ$+r'e(e +$ );ár(á$ána 'eá''Q(á$á(9 A% irai e'n* iá!a 8r:!á'(a !i%"n;Q(ani, "); <ár ninU$ene i';en >e);&erei, B=$ anná' )"?r"<!á!!an *&e(e'(e <e)$e<<i$Q(+$6e(9 -P"'da '+)>e'&+(e?

'eire i&a("%"(( <in( +($+)!e&"na(a('an !i%"n;Q(+"ra9 S%ad?da< H=$$%ein &+)6' i$ +r(e, "); a% ENSZ 6'dj*n i e); ne<?%e(*%i !i%"(($á)"(, a i&a("%"(( (*<e)8=$%(Q(: >e);&ere >e'=?(a(á$ára9Ha A<eria "';an !i%("$an (=dja, "); "' &anna, á( <=?(a$$á <e) nei i$9A% ENSZ Han$ B'i &e%e(+$+&e' i i$ 6'd*(( e); =(a(:U$"? 8"r("(, ai ere$%(6'?a$=' á(=(a((á Ira (er6'e(+(, i$% <ár "?rá!!an i$ >"';(a((á ere$+$6e(, <inden a% a<eriai Qr$%er%+$á'(a' <e)je'*'( e';en9 T*<e)8=$%(Q(: >e);&erene, &a); );ár(á?$ána n;"<á( $e< (a'á'(á9 edi) a $&+d di8'"<a(á( <inden e'?+8%e'e( <:d"n i);ee%(e !e>"';á$"'ni a Q&án( ered<+n;30 !eje'en(+$+re9 Hár"< +$ >+' :na8i ered<+n;(e'en =(a(á$ =(ánHan$ B'i 'e<"nd"((, $ a ("&á!!i =(a(á$" i$ 'eá''(a9



/:<a)a< <e)'e8d&e U$"dá'"%"<, "); Ira e'>")'a'á$a=(án a% a<eriaia ne< rej(e((e e' &a'a<i';en (*<e)8=$%(Q(:>e);&er( i$% &an nei !&en "); a%(án Han$ B'i+ <e)(a?'á'a$$á9 A% a<eriaia <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ 'e)>"n("$a!!

$%*&e($+)e$e a S%"&je(=ni: 8edi) erre $%á<"$ 8+'dá( ad"((, ");U$a a <a);ar"r$%á)i Rá"$i );a"r'a(á!:' id+%%6n9 A% ÁVH"8:i e'$ 'á(")a(á$="r e'rej(e((+ a i$%e<e'( á'd"%a(= 8"r(á? ján a >e);&er(, <ajd <á$na8 F<e)(a'á'(á, $ <ári$ e'Q(+'(+ >e);?&errej(e)e(+$+r(9A 2002?e$ +& &+)+n a% Ira e''eni a<eriai i$%(+ria <ár e'?+8e$%( <+re(ee( *'(*((9 B=$ a<eriai e'n* +8(e'enn+'?+8(e'ene!! *&e(e'+$ee' á''"(( e', a<e';e ne< (e'je$Q(+$e

e$e(+n i'á(á$!a e';e%(e Ira <e)(á<adá$á(9E);i i';en ne&e($+)e$ Q&án$á)a &"'(, "); S%adda< H=$%?$%ein <ene6'j*n e' a% "r$%á)!:', &"n='j"n e<i)ráUi:!a9 A<i"r H=$$%ein *rn;e%e(e a% "r$%á) &+de'<e +rde+!en 'a("')a((a e Q?&án$á) (e'je$Q(+$+(, a% a<eriai "r<án; <e)ijed(, "); e$e('e) 'ee'' <"ndania Ira <e)(á<adá$ár:'9 Sie(&e !eje'en(e((+, ");H=$$%ein (á&"%á$a e$e(+n i$ <e)(á<adjá !a"(9 E%%e' a%(ánA<eria +$ P $%*&e($+)e$e, a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r!an "'; na?

);"n <e)U$a'( An)'ia &+)+8 e'd"!(a á'arUá(9 Hiá!a 8r:!á'(a Ira <e)(á<adá$á( a% ENSZ?e' $%en(e$Q((e(ni9 E%((a' a >+'+&$%á%ada j:' <P*d $ajá( $%a&a%:?)+8e%e(e i$ U$d*( <"nd"((9edi) J"'in "_e' 6'6);<ini$%(er <inden i);ee%e(+&e' ar?r:' i);ee%e(( <e));%ni a% ENSZ !i%("n$á)i (anáU$á(, "); Ira F<"%): 'a!"ra(:ri=<"!an &+)%i a !i"':)iai Q$+r'e(ei( +$ (*<e)? 8=$%(Q(: >e);&ereine );ár(á$á(9 Ér&ei a%"n!an >a'ra án;( !"r?$:na !i%"n;='(a9A <a);ar HQr(e'e&Q%i: 20049 á8ri'i$ 4?+n a 22 :rai Qrad:já? !an *%*'(+, "); 20019 $%e8(e<!er 11?i *n!e(*r+$( *&e( 9na8"n >")ad"(( B=$ e'$ Q%!en 6'>*'di &end+)e(, <+)8edi)T"n; B'air !ri( <ini$%(ere'n* $%e<+';+!en9An)'ia "ra!e'i _a$in)("ni na);*&e(e <"$( arr:' n;i'a("?%"((, "); a%"n a 20019 $%e8(e<!er 20?i <e)!e$%+'+$en B=$ e'?n* *%*'(e B'airra', "); A>)ani$%(án e'>")'a'á$a =(án <e)(á?



31<adjá Ira"(9 E'a(ár"%á$á( $e<+'e "a', ne(án Qr$%er%i je'en(+$e!' &a': +r(e$6'+$ee' ne< ind""'(a9E%((a' a%"n!an ne< U$a a $%a&a%: a=("<a(a r"<'"(( e', a?

ne< a <e)$%""(( $%ere8' e);$+)e i$ <e)!"<'"((9 Ne<e( <"n?d"(( a% Ira e''eni <inden ind" n+'6'i a)re$$%i:!an &a': r+$%?&+(e're A<eria <á$"di &i'á)á!"r&a' !eU$a8"(( <á$i $%*&e(?$+)e$e 7ranUia"r$%á)9 Ve'e e);6(( N+<e("r$%á) i$9 A% a<eriai"r<án; <e$+$ )a%da$á)i Q)+re(ee' i);ee%e(( a >ranUia <a)a?(ar(á$( <e)&á'("%(a(ni A >ranUia "r<án; a%"n!an ne< en)ede(($e<+'e U$á!Q(á$na, $%i'árdan i(ar("(( erede(i á''á$8"n(ja<e''e(( a% a<eriaia na); !"$$%$á)ára9 /"))a' <"nda(j=# a

(*!! <in( >+'+&$%á%ada A<eria &e%e((e &i'á)8"'i(ia >"rd=':? 8"n("% +re%e((9 A $%i'a?$%i'árdna 'á($%: &i'á)8"'i(iai "n$?(e''áUi: e);en$';a ); (Pni <e)!"<'"((, de 'e)a'á!!i$ er$en<e)in)"((9 A% Ira e''eni á!"r$ 8$%iU:%i$ *%e8e((e !ár er$an)("<8Q(á$$a' e); $"a "rá!!an ne< a''"(( rendQ&6' >"n?("$ <"nda( i$ e'an)%"((# F-e) e'' (ere<(eni a% e=r:8ai =ni:$ajá( &+derej+(9 Ha E=r:8a <e) aarja :&ni )a%da$á)á( a% a<e?riai &á'$á) F!e);PrP%+$+(', erre !i%"n; e'!!?=(:!! $%6$+)e

'e$%, <er( a &á'$á) ">>en%Q&ája ( $e< >")ja e'er6'ni9A<eria 'á($%:'a)"$ d6e 2003 <árUi=$á!an ('U$"rd='( +$An)'iá&a' <a)=a( de<"ra(i=$ "a'QUi:na ne&e%&e er(e'je$'+)i(á<adá$?$"r"%a("( indQ("(( a <ár <inden i%+!en <e)>+'e<'Q?(e(( Ira e''en9-i=(án (*nre !"<!á%"(( <inden a("nai +$ 8"')ári U+'8"n?("(, <e)indQ("((a $%ára%>*'di (á<adá$á( a% "r$%á) e'>")'a'á$ára9 A(i("!an Irana $%=r"': Q&6'á'': a!!an !Q%(a, "); a 'e)en?dá$na (=d"(( S%adda< (e$(r$+) i$%"n; 8=$%(Q(á$( &+)e% <ajd a%a<eriai in&á%i:$ ader!en9-e)'e8e(+$6re a% irai e''ená''á$ );en)e, <ajd");ne<U$a je'+8e$ &"'(9A +$!!i 8ar(i%ánarU" a%"n!an a <ai na8i) "<"'; e<? !er&e$%(e$+)e( ""%na a ;eni !e("'a"d:na9Ira a("nai <e)$%á''á$á( *&e(en a >+' &i'á) aderi!'



"da8aranU$"'( F!+e>enn(ar(: (eer<en(e$Q(e((+ a% a<eriai?an)"' <e)$%á'': ere(9 E% 'ee(&+ (e((e ja!! :dQ(: (er&e +?$%Q(+$+(9 .i <á$ j*e(ne $%á<Q(á$!a, <in( a <ár "rá!!an <e)U+'?%"(( +$ n;"'U +&e$ a<eriai +rdeP irai a)re$$%i:&a', <ajd e);

32i$%'á< >"rrada'"<<a' a'a8"$an 'e);en)Q(e(( Irán9 A<eriai Qr?$%er% F+r(e$6'+$ei $%erin( a% iráni a("<er<P&e!en a("<? !"<!a Q$+r'e(e >"';na9 A% a<eriai +$ a &e'e e); r"n 8en?d6' %$id: $aj(: a% a<eriai "r<án; in(+$+re an)"$ i$%(+riá!ae%d9);ana% a <ene(rend <in( a% Ira e''eni á!"r <e)indQ(á$ae'((9 A >i);e'e< e'(ere'+$e U+'já!:' =%a"dna e);e( É$%a?

."reá&a' i$, =);anU$a n='eári$ >e);&ere%+$ <ia((, de e% ne< !Qr( "';an >"n("$$á))a' <in( a% iráni9 Irán( rá+n;$%erQ(en+ a%a("<$"r"<8: $%er%d+$ ie)+$%Q( je);%*n;&+ne a'áQrá$ára,a<e'; 'ee($+)e( ad a% "r$%á) a("<er<P&eine &ára('an e''en?r%+$re i$9 É$%a?."rea e$e(+!en e((' e'(ein(e((e9A%+r( i(( á''j=n <e) e); 8i''ana(raM A% E);e$6'( á''a<" a%(a 'á($%a("( e'(i, <in(a !e(e)e$ <:d"n re((e)ne <inden j a("<?a(a'"< '+(rej*((+(' +$ á!"r(:' $e< riad &i$$%a enne <e)aa?

dá';"%á$ára9 Ne<e$ *n>e'á'd"%á$W -"nda(nán9 I)en, <"nda(?nán, a e% i)a% i$ 'enne9 Ne< (a'á'=n =);ani$ +r&ee( arra, ");a"r <i+r( (Pr(e .Qna, India +$ ai$%(án, I%rae'r' ne< i$ !e?$%+'&e, a("<>e);&er+ne i>ej'e$%(+$+(W A%( !i%"n;ára $eni $e<)"nd"'ja "<"';an, "); e%e A<eria á(a <*)*(( &+)reaj(?a(: &"'(a9 A<eria e%er' a Q$+r'e(er' <ene(*%!en $e<?<i( $e< (=d"((9 I(( $"a' iná!! arr:' &an $%:, "); e%( 6r6);?+n( Q&ánja >e'a$%ná'ni a i$%e<e'( á'd"%a(" <e)(á<adá$ára9De e% a% 6r6); i$ a<i$9 Hi$%en A<eriána i$ &an a("<!"<!á? ja9 -i j")"n (i'(ja <e) <á$"na, "); $ajá( &+de'<6re ne >ej?'e$$%+ i a 'e)a(+"n;a!! >e);&eree(9 A% ne< 'ee( ", ");"rá!!an !e'eaj$%"'(a e( a% a("< Q$+r'e(er' &a': 'e<"ndá$? !a9 E% e); e);"'da' <"ra(:ri=<, a<i+r( ne< a8(a U$er+!e$e<<i(9 -ár8edi) a% e''en$%"')á'(a(á$ n+'6' &á''a'( *(e'e%e(($+?)+(' !ári !ár<i"r &i$$%a'+8e(9 -indeni U$a "';an <a)a(ar?



(á$( &ára( e' <á$"(:', a<e';e( <a)ára n+%&e i$ *(e'e%ne >"?)ad e'9Err' a%"n!an i(( $%: $inU$MA "rá!!an &á''a'( *(e'e%e(($+)(' &a': e);"'da' &i$$%a'+?

8+$ 'e)je''e<%!! 8+'dájá( 8edi) +88en a% E);e$6'( á''a<" ad(a9A &i'á) )'"!á'i$ >e'<e'e)ed+$e e''en 15?!en a% ENSZ +)i$%ea'a(( 3@ >ej'e(( i8ari á''a< a% );ne&e%e(( i"(:i je);%*n;&!en*(e'e%e(($+)e( &á''a'(, "); 200@ +$ 2012 *%*(( a% 10?e$33$%in(e% +8e$( ,2^?a' U$*en(i $%+ndi"id i!"U$á(á$á(9 E!? !' a% E=r:8ai ni: @, a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" 5, .anada +$ /a8án 8edi) $%á%a'+"$ U$*en(+$( &á''a'(9

A<eria a%"n!an 2002?!en e);"'da'an >e'<"nd(a e%( a <a?)a i$ &á''a'( $%er%d+$( a%%a' a ne&e($+)e$ +r&&e', "); a% i)a%?$á)(a'an A<eria $%á<ára9 edi) e% a $%er%d+$ ne< e);"'da',i$%en a% SA a $ajá( 'Q<ájá( i$ &+di &e'e, =);ana"r $%er%d(ár$ai i$ "%%ájár='na $ajá( '+)(er6 &+de'<+n Q&6' a% e)+$% &i?'á) '+)$%enn;e%+$ e''eni &+de'<+e%, ); (er<+$%e(e$en A<eriá(i$ &+di9 A<i( 8edi) $%a!ad A<eriána, a%( $%a!ad Iránna,Irana &a); É$%a ."reána i$9

7e'e'$$+))e' i<"nda(j= (eá(# Iránna, Irana, É$%a?."reána &a); !ár<e'; <á$ á''a<na =);an"';an j")a &ana("<!"<!a i>ej'e$%(+$+re +$ );ár(á$ára, <in( a<i';en A<eriá?na &"'( +$ &an <ind a <ai na8i)9 Enne (i'a'<ára U$a a"r 'e?e(ne )"nd"'ni, a <inden a("<? +$ ;dr")+n !"<!á&a' rende'?e% á''a< a (e'je$ +$%'e(+( e''enri%e(en <e)$e<<i$Q(en+ a%e'<+'e(i, i&i(e'i +$ (eUn"':)iai (er&ei&e' e);6((9E%( a >i'"%:>iá( <a)a a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" i$ "$%("((a9 A% e'?$ &i'á)á!"r( 'e%ár: 8ári%$i !+e$%er%d+$e!e <e)(i'("((á &"'( e''en>e'ei N+<e("r$%á), A=$%(ria, -a);ar"r$%á) >e);&ere?%+$+(9 J$=8án ann;i( en)ed+';e%(e, a")&a A<eria a%( ja&a$"'(a 7ranUia"r?$%á)na, <a)a i$ U$a "';an <enn;i$+)P >e);&er%e(e( (ar($"n,<in( a<i';enre a 'e);%*(( "r$%á)"a( +n;$%erQ(ene9Ira <e)(á<adá$ára A<eriána a% a% +r&e'+$e i$ á'$á)"$,



"); "(( <e) e'' d*n(eni a di(a(rá( +$ de<"ra(i=$ á''a< '+(?re"%á$á( e'' e'$e)Q(eni9 -e) e'' aadá';"%ni S%adda< H=$%?$%ein á'(a' $ajá( n+8e e''en e'*&e(e(( );i'"$$á)ai(9 I';en 6r6));e'a% e)+$% ara! &i'á) e''en indQ(a(na á!"r(, i$%en a%" &a'a?

<enn;ien e'&e(i A<eria de<"ráUiájá(, a<i e);+!+n( i$ <in?den U$a ne< de<"ráUia9Érdee$ <:d"n +88en e%id(áj( &e((e e' a ne<%e(*%i $aj(: a(Q% +&&e' e%e'(( 'e%aj'"(( r=andai 8"')árá!"r 6);+(9 I(( =);ani$a (*!!$+)i =(= ár"< :na8 a'a(( U$ane< e);<i''i: i$e!!$+)i($%= 'e);i'"'á$á&a' rende%(+ &+r>6rd(9 S"a a (*r(+ne'e<!eni';en r*&id id a'a(( i';en $" e<!er 'e);i'"'á$ára ne< (a'á'=n 8+'dá(9

34A r=andai rádi:!an +$ (e'e&Q%i:!an <inden ($% <e));i'"'á?$ára =$%Q("((a9 A ($%" iá!a &ár(á A<eria $e)Q( !ea&a("%á?$á(, a% !i%"n; aárU$a a <i 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU= idej+n e'<arad(9edi) i(( $e< &"'( de<"ráUia, $e< ("'eranUia9 I)a% "'aj $e<&"'(M A% irai i8ari? +$ i)a%)a(á$i '+(e$Q(<+n;e, ren)e(e) 'a:?+86'e( 'e!"<!á%á$a +$ $%+('*&+$e =(án A<eria $%Q&e F<e)'á?

);='(9 A r"<" =);an >6$(*'ne <+), $( <+) na8"n(a jaa' !&6'ne, a% a<eriai de<"ráUia 8r:>+(ái Ira =jjá +8Q(+$+r'e%dene !e$%+'ni9 Enne '+n;e)e, "); U$a a%" &ee(ne a!? !an r+$%(, ai i&e((+ r+$%6e( Ira >e'$%a!adQ(á$á!an <+)8edi)r+$%&+(e' arán;á!an9 E% <a);ar=' ann;i( je'en(, "); Ira =jjá+8Q(+$+!en a%" &ee(ne r+$%(, ai 'er"<!"'á$á( &+)e%(+9-+)8edi) e diU$(e'en a%árdjá(+ arán;á!an9A<in( +$!! 'á(ni >")j= ráadá$=' a $ajá( *'($+)6*n9H"); i >i%e(i <ajd e%( a% jjá+8Q(+$( +$ <i!'W Arr:' e%((a' <+)e); $%: $e< e$i9 De erre $e< e'' $"ái) &árni9 A% a<eriai e'?n* n+án; :na8 <'&a e); )a%da$á)i !i%"(($á)"( ne&e% i,a<e'; $"rra >e'ere$i Ira "rá!!i i(e'e%i(, $ <e)e%di a%" <e)d"')"%á$á(, "); en)edj+ e' Ira (ar("%á$á(9 /"))a' <"nd?a(nán9 Vára('an >"rd='a(M A &i'á) n+8ei e);i á<='a(!:' a <á?$i!a e$ne9 E 6'*n*$ á%a'á$ B:rán a% a<eriai "r<án; <e)?



!Q%"((a ne<U$a a "rá!!i i(e'e e'en)ed+$+re i);ee%ne Q)+?re(e( iU$iarni, ane< i)en di$%r+(en =);an a >*'di) r"<!"'("r$%á) jjá+8Q(+$+ne *'($+)eire i$ 8er$e';e%ne9 Erre 'ee(ne<"ndani# e% <ár a 8i<a$%$á) 'e)>e'$!! >"a9 edi) a% a<eriai

"r<án; je'e$6' B=$ e'n* <+) e%( i$ +8e$ ár(;an;e'&enF6!ere'ni9 A% a)re$$%i:( *&e( e); +& e'(e'(+&e' "da n;i'a("?%i, "); a (á<adá$ e'rende'+$+( i&á'(: (i("$$%"')á'a(i je'en(+$(('+r(+e'(+, $( r"$$%=' +r(+e'(+9 A+'e "a, a'a8ja ne<&"'(9 );ani';en n;i'a("%a("( (e$% T"n; B'air an)"' <ini$%(ere'?n* i$9 E%e =(án a $"a( $%en&ede(( irai n+8 j"))a' &ára(ná e',"); a arU"a( a% an)"'$%á$% "a'QUi: a%"nna' $%6n(e$$e !e,

e%dje <e) i&"n='á$á( Ira!:', <ajd e%djen (ár);a'á$"a( a%"r$%á)na ""%"(( (e'je$ ár <e)(+rQ(+$+re, a 'e);i'"'( irai 'a"?$" U$a'ádjaina ár(+rQ(+$+re9 Err' a%"n!an ne< e$i $%:, ane<a á!"r e$%a'áUi:ja ("&á!! >"';i9 -+) a% á'(a'= *$$%eá''Q("((3irai á!"r$ !Pn*$ne ne&e%e(( &e%e( e''eni aj(:&adá$%a("($e< á''Q(já 'e9 Há!"r$ " (eá( <"$( <ár !e&a''"((an $inU$, de aá!"r <+)i$ >"';(a(:di9

20049 (a&a$%án ne&e($+)e$$+ &á'i A<eria de<"ráUia e? 8"r(ja i$9 A<i"r ider6'(, "); $e<+'e (*<e)8=$%(Q(: >e);?&er, &a); anna );ár(á$i Q$+r'e(+re =(a': n;"<" ninU$ene Ira!an, B=$ j U+'( a(ár"% <e)9 Hir(e'en >e'na);Q(ja a de<"?ráUia ián;á(, S%adda< di(a(rájá(9 A á!"r U+'ja (eá( a% iraide<"ráUia <e)(ere<(+$e9 I';en 6r6));e' <e)(á<ada(ná &a'a?<enn;i i$%'á< &a''á$ á''a<"(9 Xne< U$a a% "'ajja' rende'e%?e(MY9Hi$%en &a''á$i a);"<án;ai $%*)e$ e''en(+(!en á''na a%a<eriai (Q8=$ de<"ráUiá&a', a<e';!' a% ara! á''a<" e);+!?+n( $e< +rne9A% A<eria +$ an)"' de<"ráUia Fá'dá$ai( a'a'<= &"'(<e)i$<erni a% irai >")';" !*r(*nei!en &a': *%+8"ri in&i%Q?Ui:( <e)$%+);enQ( >"';a<a("$ <e)Qn%á$ai!:'9 7e'(ee(en á? !Q(:$%er a(á$a a'a(( á'': a<eriai a("ná, ai a% irai adi>")?



';"a( ri%(+ &á'")a("(( Qn%á$"na, +$ >aj(a'an"dá$na &e(e(?(+ a'á a% r%+$6re !Q%"(( adi>")';"a(9 A<i"r enne (+n;en;i'&án"$$á)ra er6'(, a% a<eriai &e%e( á'$%en( <:d"n e%ee(e'$%i)e(e'( e);edi e$e(ene <in$Q(e((+9 R*&ide$en ider6'(,

"); a a("nai &e%e(+$, $( a 8"')ári i$ a 'e)>e'$!! $%in(ei) (=?d"(( a >")"';Qn%á$"r:'9 E<!eri j")"W Gen>i "n&enUi:W A%a<eriai &e%e( $%e<+!en ne&e($+)e$ 8a8Qrr"n);", <e';ne U$a a"r &an na); +r(+e, a e( +ri a(r"Ui(á$9); (Pni A<eria 2004?re <ár $%ere(ne $%a!ad='ni Firai6'de(+$+('9 J$a a <:djá( ne< (a'á'ja ");an9 A% irai %$á?<án;( i$ $%ere(n+ <e)(ar(ani, de U$a8a(ai( i$ <e) e''ene &+de'?<e%ni a U$ane< na8"n(a !e*&e(e% e<!er&e$%(e$+)('9 S%*?

&e($+)e$ei( i);e$%i rá!Qrni Fna);"!! irai $%ere8&á''a'á$ra9 E%e'' a%"n!an a% "da+n;$%erQ(e(( $%ána'<a$na <"nda(:, &e'e<e$$%e ne< e); $';U$"8"r(!a $"r"'a(: NATO?$%*&e($+)e$ei i$$"rra i(+rne9 A a(a'<a( i$ á(adja e); á'(a'a ine&e%e(( irai"r<án;na, de );, "); a%( ("&á!!ra i$ <a)a );a"r"'ja9 -a<ár &i'á)"$an >e'i$<ere(, "); ne&e($+)e$ <:d$%erei( a +n;?(e'en?e''e('en >e'$%á<"'( $%"&je( &e%e((' &e((e á(9 N;=)"d(anije'en(e(j6# NinU$ j a na8 a'a((M

3A% Ira e''eni á!"r&a' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" eddi) $e<<i?>+'e j >"rrá$"% $e< j=("((, a<e'';e' )a%da$á)á( ja&Q(a(ná9);ana"r &á'("%a('an a% a U+'ja, "); <e)$%ere%%e a (e'je$ ara!"'aji(er<e'+$ >e'e((i e''enr%+$(, a<e'';e' ne<U$a a i(er<e'+$(,ane< árá( i$, de 'e)>+88en e'"$%(á$á( <a)a $%a!á';"%a(ná9E%%e' a (e'je$ ener)ia !e"%a(a'ra $%"r=': n+<e( +$ ja8án )a%da?$á)"( r*&id id a'a(( (*nre(ee(i9 E%( a <:d$%er( a'a'<a%(a a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r( *%&e('en <e)e'% id!en /a8án e''en i$9Ai);e'j6 <e'; ara! "'aj(er<e' á''a< 'e$% a *?&e(e%9 Irán &a); S%a=d?Ará!iaW A ere$%(+n; >i'"%:>ia e);i na); á'<a <e)&a':$='ni 'á($%i# A%" a n+8e a 'e)!"'d")a!!a,ai a 'e)$%e)+n;e!!e, aine ninU$ "'aja9



A >i'"%:>=$" $%erin( a (eUnia >ej'd+$+&e' e);ene$ arán;? !an *&e(e%i !e a% er*'U$ %6''+$e9 E%e $%erin( a (eUnia >ej?'d+$e <ár e'+r(e &+)$ a(árá(, <i&e' a% er*'U$i %6''+$ 'á(a(:ani<erQ(e((e <inden (ar(a'+á(9 O';an <+';8"n(ra j=("((, "); <ár

ninU$ "&á ("&á!! $6'';ednie9E'+)$+)e$ <:d"n !i%"n;Q("((=, "); a &i'á)=n!an ir"!? !an( "n>'i(=$" <e$(er$+)e$en e'id+%e(( 8r"&"áUi: *&e(?e%<+n;ei, a<e';e 6'$ 'á(a(a('an er i);ee%e(e +$ ana?<=nája n+'6' ne< *&e(e%n+ne !e9A 20019 $%e8(e<!er 11?i a<eriai F*n!e(*r+$( a Ui"ni$(a$%a!ad<P&e$ (i("$ a(a'"< <ár j:&a' "rá!!an <e)(er&e%(e9J$=8án a% a !i%"n;"$ FD?na8 &"'( <e)a(ár"%a('an9 Érdee$ e%?

%e' a8U$"'a(!an <e)e<'Q(eni, "); a% id$e!! B=$ e'n* a%10?e$ .=&ai( irai <e)$%á''á$á( *&e(en 109 $%e8(e<!er 11?+n je'en(e((e !e a% Fj &i'á)rend ia'aQ(á$ána e%de(+(9 A ar?<adi &i'á)á!"r e%de(+( 54 (eá( innen e'' da(á'ni9 A% j &i'á)?rend 8er$%e ne< B=$ e'n* (a'á'<án;a9 U$a e);i >i)=ra a Ui?"ni$(a $%a!ad<P&e$ 'e)>e'$!! a(a'"< $a(á!'áján9 ); (P?ni a ar<adi &i'á)á!"r <e)(er&e%e(( i(erje$%(+$+( ne< (=d(a&+)reaj(ani9 ); a(a'<a$ n+8$%erP$+)e e''en+re a Ui"ni$(a irá?

n;Q(á$ $aj(: >"';a<a("$ <ani8='áUi:ja $e)Q($+)+&e' jra &á'a$%(á?$á( <e)aadá';"%(á9 A% e$e<+n;e a%( 'á($%ana i)a%"'ni, ");54 /an &an He'$in)# Geei< 2049 "'d935enne i&i(e'e%+$+re <ár j: e're a B=$?'án( $%e<e'(+ i9J'in("n n;"'U +&e$ *%!ei(a(á$ára (en)ern;i +r& "%a(: >e', de'e)&a':$%QnP!! a B=$?>i >ia(a' "ra 'ee(e((, ai 'e);%%ea8já(9A &i'á)(*r(+ne'e< >"';a<a(ai j"ri (*r(+ne'<6n!en e'ree'+$%Q(e(( Fadi(er& a'a8ján !"n;"':dna9 -e)d*!!en( 8+'dájaenne a% Ana("'e 7ranUe 10?!en <e)ir(# A >e+r *&*n UQ<Pi$re)+n;e9



E);i j*&!eni &Q%i:já!an $%: $%erin( e%( Qrja#FA% e=r:8ai *%(ár$a$á)" 6'd*((ei !r6$$%e'i 6'+$6*niiá'("((á a% E=r:8ai E);e$6'( á''a<" <e)a'a='á$á(9An)'ia e'árQ("((a a r+$%&+(e'(9 De $%*&e($+)e$ne n;i'?

&ánQ("((a <a)á(9 S%"Uia'i$(a á''a<<á a'a='&a i$ <e)?(ar("((a irá';á(, '"rdjai(, $( <+) !Qrái 8ar:ájá( i$9 5-+) e);$%er >i);e'<+!e aján'j= a% "'&a$:na# e $"r"a(10?!en Qr(a Ana("'e 7ranUe, ai á''Q(:'a) $%a!ad<P&e$ &"'(9A ("&á!!i *&e(e%(e(+$ee( "'&a$:inra !Q%%=95 Ana("'e 7ranUe# Vá'")a("(( re)+n;ei f A >e+r *&*n9 7"rdQ("((a# Lai($ á'@?@ "'da'3@

A LÁTHATATLAN HATALO- ÖTÖDI. HAD?OSZLOA# A SA/TCTi%en*( +& (á&'a(á!:' +rde<e$ >e'id+%ni a $aj(: $%ere8+( a%);ne&e%e(( rend$%er&á'(á$!an9 Ha <ár i$<+( e<'Q(+$re er6'(,a"r $ie(&e 'e e'' $%*)e%n6n a% á''a<a8i(a'i$(a )a%da$á)i <"?de'' $%aná'á$a ne< rend$%er&á'(á$ &"'(, ane< a !"'$e&i$(aa(a?'"< )a%da$á)i 8=UU$a a $ajá( ide"':)iája e''en9Va);i$ $ajá( <a)a e''en9 N;=)"d(an <"nda(j= a &i'á)(*r?

(+ne'e< 8ára('an a((raUi:ja, a<e';e% Qr"(( (*r(+ne'<6n!en ne<(a'á'=n 8+'dá(9A a(a'"< i';en <:d"n &a': á(<en(+$e e); U$d!e &i(( )a%?da$á)i rend$%er!' &a':!an ne< <indenna8i <=(a(&án;9 -"nd?a(nán, e''e(( "%%á e); >+' +&$%á%ada <inden *n? +$ ne<%e((=?da(á(:' <e)>"$%("((, (*+'e(e$en e'á!Q("(( ár"<ne);ed "r$%á)?n;i 'a"$$á)?(*<e), a"); $"an e';(e'en6' <"ndjá e'!=(Q("((,<+)iná!! e'!"'"ndQ("(( 'a"$$á)9 A <ari$(a 8r+diá("r" ee% 8edi) a e);+!e% ne< i$ na);"n +r(ene9 Ne (ein($6 a &+?'e('en <P&+ne +$ ne <"$"';")j=n a''a(án *nn;e'<Pen, a% e'?ne&e%+$( ne ajQ($= a >a$i%<=$ '"<(árá!a9 Hi('er =);ani$ <ár a-ein .a<8>?>á!an a <ari$(áa( n+8!"'"ndQ(:na ne&e%(e9 A$%"Uia'i$(a ide"':)ia $ajá( a8"$("'ai á'(a' &a': U$>"$ i&+)%+$e<+) a U$ane< e(&en +& <='(án i$, de (*+'e(e$en i)a%"'(a (9-in(, a"); a $aj(:r:' =);anU$a a -ein .a<8>!an 'eQr( di?



a)n:%i$a i$ iá''(a a% id 8r:!ájá(9 S%+);ene%&e &a''j= !e, <a$e< (=dj= j"!!an *r6'Qrni Hi('er <e)á''a8Q(á$ai(9 H"); e% a <ii!án?e, &a); Hi('er+, e$e('e) a ne<%e(*%i $aj(:+W D*n($e e' a%"'&a$:9

A<enn;i!en a $aj(:na a $%"Uia'i$(a *n8=UU$!an já($%"(( $%e?re8+( &i%$)á'j=, ne< e'' "%%á na); +8%e'er, $e< *$$%ee$?6&+$ e'<+'e(, "); <e)á''a8Q($= anna ide)en +rdeP$+)+(9 É$ne< U$a -a);ar"r$%á)"n9 De $e"' $e< i';en 8re)nán$an, <in(ná'=n9 .6'*n*$en $%e<!e(Pn &"'( e% 8ara$%($á)=n e'"!%"((>*'djeine a ár8:('á$i je);e >ej+!en &a': <e)&á$ár"'a(:$á)aidej+n9 Ne< a'')a(a(j= e', "); e% a ár8:('á$i je));e' &a': !P&+$%<=(a(&án; <ár e'e&e >e'+r e); a%aár='á$$a'9 H"); &a'ai

3'iUi(á'á$$a' e'', "); &i$$%a&e);e a U$a ne< >+' +&$%á%adda' "?rá!!an U$e''e', er$%aa' (*r&+n;(e'en6' e'&e(( (='ajd"ná(, a%(ne< 'ee( <á$+n( +r(+e'ni, <in( i>"$%(á$ána <+) a !"'$e&i%?<=$ <:d$%erein+' i$ >"nd"r'a("$a!! <:djá(9 Hi$%en enn+' e);$%e?rP!!en $e<*'de(, a<e'; a% *&+ &"'(9 Hi$%en a% e);"ri (=?'ajd"nj") (e'e*n;&i'e) re"n$(r=á'a(: A% arra &a': i&a("%á$,

"); a (er6'e(e e); r+$%e <ár i8ari +8Q(e%+$ U+'jára >e'a$%ná?'á$ra er6'(, na);"n i$ á'$á)"$9 E% U$a e%re'+e!en <+re(9E%e "<8en%á'á$ára 'ee(e(( &"'na e$e('e) e);+! ár8:('á$i <:?d"( (a'á'ni9A $aj(: &ad i+na+n( &e(e((e rá <a)á( (e'je$ &er(i=<á&a' a 8ara$%($á)ra +$ a "r<án;%a( &a':!an +( !a'e%e$ in(+%ed+$eire9J$a"); a $aj(: a (er<e'$%*&e(e%e(i na);!ir("" e)+$%!ena);á$á!an <=(a("(( +rdee'($+)e(9 -"nd&án a 8ara$%(na ne<e'' a >*'dM Ne< Q&ánja <P&e'ni9 A% erede(i (='ajd"n"$" i*re?)ed(e, );er<eei <ár ne< i$ +r(ene a >*'d <P&e'+$+e%9 An?na )"nd"'a(a, "); erede(i (='ajd"n"$a e$e('e) !+r!e i$ ada(ja,aár a (er<e'$%*&e(e%e(ne i$, >e' $e< <er6'( !enn69 A $aj(:i);ee%e(+!en <ár a"r >e'i$<ere( &"'( a <a);ar >*'d 6'>*'?diene &a': +r(+e$Q(+$+ne +$!!i U+'ja9 Ne< ne+% >e'i$<ernie!!en a $aj(: <e)!Q%:i(9



Ne $"r"'j= a &+'e('ene *%+, a<i"r a% e);8ár(rend$%er, $&e'e );<"nd a $aj(: "<<=ni$(a e);enirán;Q(á$ána 'á($%a(a<e)$%Pn(, <i';en jaj&e$%+e'&e ada"%"(( a $aj(: +$ a <*)*((eá'': %$id:$á) a F$aj(:$%a!ad$á)+r(9 Ne"); !ári i$ "<"';an

&e);e, "); i(( &a':!an a $aj(: $%a!ad$á)á+r( >"';( a 6%de'e<9S"a' iná!! a $aj(: <"n"8:'i=<á+r(, a<e';e( =);an ne< a$aj(: );a"r"', ane< a <*)*((e á'': 8+n%e$%$á"9 Ai 8edi) >i?%e(, a% n;i'&án a >e'(+(e'ee( i$ <e)$%a!ja9 NinU$ e% <á$+n( a$aj(: á%a (áján $e<9A %$id:$á) <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ á'&áriája =(án &a'a");an<indeni $%+);e''(e a"rd='( a <a);ar (ár$ada'"< +'e(+!en9-+) j:$%er+&e' a Rá"$i?rend$%er idej+n $e<9 A% á('a)8"')ár <+) a%( $e< (=d(a, "); Rá"$i a <a);ar"r$%á)i "r<án;a i%á?r:'a) %$id:!:' á''(9 A &e$%(e(( á!"r =(áni 8$%iU:%i$ ia$%ná?350'á$ána e% a na);>" <":$á)a $ajn"$ je''e<% a %$id:$á)ra9Ai ne< er6'( &e'e *%e'e!!i +rin(e%+$!e, !i%"n; ne< (=d(a,"); a !eind=': !"'$e&i$(a á(a'a='á$ >+'e'<e(e$ er$%a$%er&e?

%e(e a% ÁVO, +$!! ÁVH 'e)>e'$!! &e%e(+$e, (i$%(iara =);an?U$a i%ár:'a) %$id:!:' á''(9 Ai <inde%( ne< (=d(a, ");an(=da((a &"'na, "); a% j$á)Qrá$ a rádi:, +$!! a (e'e&Q%i: <e)?a(ár"%: $%ere$%(i +$ (e'je$ &e%+rara <in &+'e('en a 'e)na?);"!! U$end!en =);anU$a %$id:!:' +86'( i9 A% Qr: (*!!$+)+('e)a'á!!i$ a Fna);"a( =);anU$a ide $"r"'a(j=9 -inde%e e'?'en+re a <á$"di &i'á)á!"r$ <e)8r:!á'(a(á$ai =na'"<i) &a':$%aj:%á$á(:' !i%"n;"$ <+r(+i) (ar(:%"d(a9 -i&e' %$id:, <ajd%$id: á'(a' =ra'( "r<án;%a(" 6'(e a% "r$%á) n;aán, >e' $e<&e(e((+ a <=na(á!"r"!a &a': e'$%á''Q(á$= <ia((i ár8:('á$=a(9E%%e' +rdee$ <:d"n $" e);+!!e' e);6(( <ajd U$a a rend$%er?&á'(á$na ne&e%e(( F*n!e(*r+$ =(án "%a"d(a e'9A<i( a 'e)$';"$a!! !Pn+6' r:((a >e' a <a);ar$á)na a!!ana% id!en, a% a n=<er=$ U'a=$=$ &"'(, a<e';re a "ra!e'i <a);ar 8ar'a<en( a ar<inUa$ +&e &+)+n "%"(( (*r&+n;ee(9 E%e a%



ár(a('an (*r&+n;e e);á'(a'án ne< &"'(a %$id:e''ene$e9 J$=8ánarr:' in(+%ede((, "); a% e);e(e<e >e'&+(e'+n+' >i);e'e<!e e''&enni a% "r$%á) <e)'+& e(niai <e)"$%'á$á(9 ); a %$id: $%ár<a?%á$ >ia(a'" a% "r$%á)!an '+& $%á<arán;á"% +8e$(, U$a "';an

<+r(+!en re8re%en(á'(a(já <a)=a( a% e);e(e<een, a<i';en ane< %$id: 'a"$$á)"% &i$%"n;Q("(( '+($%á<=9 T=dn=n e''a%"n!an a (*r&+n;a'"(: aara(a ne< (e'je$6'(, a &+)reaj(á$ $"?rán ne< +r&+n;e$6'( <+) i(("n $e<9 A j"!! <:d %$id: 8edi)<ár e (*r&+n;e +'e(!e'+8(e(+$e e'(( i$ 6'>*'di, >'e) n+<e( +$an)"' e);e(e<een (anQ((a((á );er<eeie(9Ha <ár err' e$e(( $%:, ne< a'')a(a(j= e', "); a 'e));a'á?%a("$a!! n=<er=$ U'a=$=$( +88en a %$id: +$ a %$id: á''a' =ra'(

"r<án;" );a"r"'(á a (e'je$ $%"&je( <e)$%á''á$ ideje a'a((9Vaj"n <ine ne&e%e(, a ne< n=<er=$ U'a=$=$na a% a <e)?*en( );a"r'a(, <i$%erin( e'Qr(á, "); a% e);e(e<ere, >?i$"'ára án; $%á%a'+ <=ná$, 8ara$%( &a); +r(e'<i$+)i $%ár?<a%á$ >ia(a' &ee( >e'9 -+) a%( i$ F6!ere'(e a% á'(a'= "$%(á?';ide)enne &e%e(e(( U$a'ád" );er<eeine *%*n$+)e$ i(a)a?dá$a a >e'$"(a(á$i in(+%<+n;e!'9351

Ee% +8e$( a H"r(;?"r<án;%a( n=<er=$ U'e=$=$a a %$i?d:$á) r+$+r' &a':$á)"$ á'dá$na &"'( (ein(e(9 145 a% );ne?&e%e(( F>"rd='a( +&+( *&e(en &i$%"n( a na);"n $%i)"ran <e)?r"$(á'( >e'&+(e'i e'járá$ $"rán e);e('en e); %$id: $%ár<a%á$ >ia(a'($e< =(a$Q("((a e' a >e'$>" in(+%<+n;e!'9 -a);ar( anná'(*!!e(9 A% "(a(á$ $"rán n;j("(( (e'je$Q(<+n;, a ("&á!!+8%+$re&a': $%e''e<i ad"(($á), a'a'<a$$á) a<e';ne 8edi) d*n($%e<8"n(na e''e(( &"'na, "); 'e);en e);á'(a'án ne< $%á<Q?("((9-i*%!en a 'a"$$á)!an <+) 1?!an <e)'+& ne<%e((=?da("( a 'ee( 'e)na);"!! er&e' ir("((á a ne<%e(!', a %$id:$á)U$end!en n;"<='( +$ a(a'<á!a erQ(e((e a% "r$%á) U$ane< (e'je$$%e''e"j(a((á9



-inde%ee% a F$%"Uia'i$(a $aj(: ne<U$a "); a$$%i$%(á'(,ane< (e'je$ <e''!ed"!á$$a' $e)Q(e((e a "''a!"rán$ a(a'<a(9-e)d*!!en( &"'( 'á(ni, "); a% 1?"$ $%a!ad$á)arU &+r!e?>"j(á$á( *&e(en <i';en &ad d6e' +$ );P'*'*d+$$e' Q$+r(e +$

$e)Q(e((e a% ide)en $%=r"n;" á'(a' (á<")a("(( a(a'"< (*!! +&e$6'd*%+$+(, a<e'';e' a ne<%e( 'e)j"!!jai( Q(+'(+ "$$% !*r(*n? !6n(e(+$re, i&+)%+$re9 /"!! e$e(!en <á$"d"$%(á'; á''a<8"')ár?rá9 E );P'*'e(a<8án; +e$ =(;a+n( je''e<e%(e +$ =ra'(a a%e)+$% <a);ar"r$%á)i $aj(:(9 E);e('ene); $e< aad( *%*((6, ai<e)Q$+re'(e &"'na 'e)a'á!! &irá)n;e'&en e ("!%:dá$ <+r?$+'+$+( aján'ani9 Ee';e(( $%ána'"<ra <+'(: *n;*'+$$e' i);e?e%e(e e);<á$( i$ (''iUi(á'ni9 Érde<e$ e'&enni a "ra!e'i j$á?

)" !ár<e';i+(, "); >e'i$<erj6 a $aj(: á'n"$á)á(9 Ne i));6 e', "); a%án );ar<a(i e';%e(e +n;$%erQ(ene e( erre a );a?'á%a("$ <a)a(ar(á$ra9 S"a' iná!! ie(, "); &a':$á)"$ a'a8?(er<+$%e(6 a8"(( a (e'je$ ie'+)6'+$re 8ára('an 'ee($+)e(9A n;"'U&ana$ +&e!en a%(án (i("!an a $aj(: &e%e(i +r(e$6'?(e, <+) a 8"'i(i=$"a( i$ <e)e'%&e a &á'("%á$" e'er6'e(e(?'en$+)+r'9 Han)ne<6 >""%a("$an <e)&á'("%"((9 A%"n &e((6 +$%re <a)=na(, "); "rá!!i )a%dáia( e);re an)"$a!!an !Q?

rá'(á9 7i'"%:>iáj= 'á($%:'a)"$ <e)&á'("%(a(á$á&a' a%(án 'á(?$%"((a 1@?0?!en a F'e)i(e'e$e!! e<!erene9 Hi$%en <ár a"r F<e)<"nd(á9 E% a% á''a8"( =);an ne< (ar("(( $"á9352R*&id id <='(án >e'i$<ere(&+ &á'(, "); arU= ne< &á'("%"((,U$=8án j:' i''e$%(e(( á'arU"( *'(*((e9 -e)e%d(+ a F<á$$á) di?U$+re(e(, a<e';ne a'a8ján a )"nd"'"d: e<!er a<ar >e'i$<er(ei'+(6e(9 Ne< &"'( ne+% <e)á''a8Q(ani, "); a F<en $aj(:)=r= <ind ee% a F<á$$á)"% (ar("%na9R*&id id a'a(( a% e)+$% $aj(: (er<+$%e(raj%a n;i("(( *n;&&+&á'(, U$a "'&a$ni e'' (=dni !e''e9 -e)>i);e'e(, "); a $aj(:(e'je$ &er(i=<a <indenna8 =);ana%"a( a Qree( (erje$%(i9 E%e $%á<a a na8i 40?0 in>"r<áUi:ná' ne< (erjed ("&á!!9 E%ee( i$?<+('i e)+$% na8, $( e);e$e <á$na8ra i$ á(n;'na9 Le)>e'je!!



1?2 Qr >"rd=' e', a<e'; e!!' a U+'%"(( !"';(:' e'(+r9 A Qre (*!!$+)+ne Qr+r(+e U$e+';, =na'<a$, +rde(e'en9 Iná!! ana);*%*n$+) <ani8='á'á$ára (a'á'(á i e(9 -ár <e)>")a'<a?%á$= <:dja i$ U+'irán;"$9

A% i)a%án >"n("$ Qre e' $e< an)%ana, ne< n;erne 8=!?'iUi(á$(9 edi) a na8 <inden :rájá!an a &i'á)"n, de <+) -a);ar?"r$%á)"n i$ (*!! e%er "<"'; Qr+r(+e' !Qr: e$e<+n; (*r(+ni,a<e'; a na);*%*n$+)e( $"a' j"!!an +rdee'n+9 E!!' 8edi)e);ene$en *&e(e%i, "); a $aj(:( 'e);en a% "r<án;8ár(i,e''en%+i &a); >6))e('en a%"n"$ *%8"n(!:' irán;Q(já9 E% a 'á(?a(a('an *%8"n( ); (Pni a &i'á) (e'je$ $aj(:$%"')á'a(a >e'e(( ren?de'e%i9 Aara(ána +r&+n;re j=((a(á$á"% r+)i"n+n( +$ "r$%á?

)"n+n( i$ &a'a<i';en >i:in(+%<+n;ee( (ar( >enn9 Ha a ne<%e(?*%i &"na("%á$ Qree( >i);e'j6 +rdee$ je'en$+)e( (a8a$%(a?'=n9 );ana% a Qr e); id!en Qr a (*!!i "r$%á)!an i$, 8edi)a(=a'i(á$a ne< e$i e);!e9 -+) !e'8"'i(iai e$e<+n;en+' i$$%á<(a'an$%"r 'ee(6n enne (ani9 +'da erre a na8jain!an%aj': e)+$%$+)6);i re>"r<9 7e'e$'e)e$ <"ndani, "); re>"r<raa"r &an $%6$+), a<i"r a r+)i er(e i<er6'(e, <ár ne<<P*dne9 Enn+' >")&a a re>"r< $"a$e< *nn;Q(+$(, de <indi)

<e)$%"rQ(á$( je'en(9 A <a);ar e)+$%$+)6);i a$$%a á''Q(:'a) <ár +8(e'en >inan$%Qr"%ni a% a<); i$ 'e8=$%(='( "r$%erP('en e''á?(á$(, a );:);$%ere <e)>e'e' $%in(P (á<")a(á$á(9 -ini$%(ere !=na !e'e, de a "r<án; ne< aj'and: a "rá!!an <ár a'a8"?$an <e)"8a$%("(( e)+$%$+)6);i *'($+)&e(+$( n*&e'ni, 8edi) a'a"$$á) e)+$%$+)6);i á''a8"(a <inden $(a(i$%(iai ada( $%erin( je'en($ <+r(+!en r"<'i9353S%"á$"$ "r<án;a((raUi:W Le);in(6n an;a)=' e Qree(a'')a(&a9 -i*%!en a%( a 'á($%a("( e'(i, <in(a e% a 'a"$$á)+rdee 'enne, a Fj:'+(i rend$%er&á'(á$ e); ja!! ad"<án;a, ad?di) *n;+i) <a(a(na a %$e!ein!en, "); a <+) "(( (a'á'a(:a8r:8+n% i$ i$%edj+9 A $aj(:, a rádi: +$ (e'e&Q%i: e%%e' a8U$"?'a("$ adjára(a e);re <a)a$a!! $e!e$$+)re a8U$"'9E'%e(e$ +r(e$Q(+$ n+'6' <e)'á(")a( e);i N+<e("r$%á)!an



+' !ará("<, ai <i( $e< (=d&a a a%ai Fe)+$%$+)6);i re>"r< (*?re&+$er', a n+<e("r$%á)i e)+$%$+)6);i <e)$%"rQ(á$"a( j$á?)"'ja9 S%en&ed+';e$en i$<er(e(i a n+<e( e)+$%$+)6);i e''á(á$ 8r"!'+<ái(9 E"r d*!!ene <e) i)a%án9 A%" $%:r:'?$%:ra <e)?

e);e%ne a <a);ar á''a8"("a'9 -á$na8 A<eriá!:' (e'e>"n"nQ& >e' e); <á$i !ará("<, ai a !e$%+')e(+$( =);anU$a a% "((anir"<': e)+$%$+)6);i á''a8"("a' e%di, <e)e'%&e <inden e);+!$%e<+';e$ <"ndani&a':já(9 A% ); <e)i$<er( e';%e( Q$+r(e(ie?$en a$"n'Q( a n+<e( +$ a a%ai á''a8"("a'9Vaj"n e'+8%e'e(?e, "); a $%+'e$ n+8(*<e)e e)+$%$+)?6);i e';%e(e a% e)+$% &i'á)"n e); id!en r"$adj"n *$$%e9 );)"nd"'"< e%( $eni $e< i$%i "<"';an9 Vi(a(ni $e< 'ee(, ");

e%( e); 'á(a(a('an *%8"n( ajáná' >")&a rán)a(ja e', "); a%e)+$% &i'á) )a%da$á)á( %$ar"'ja, ("&á!!i a(a'<a$ *$$%e)ee(&"nj"n i !e''e9 .*nn;en <e)(ee(i, i$%en <a <ár a &i'á) !ár?<e'; á''a<á( &i%$)á'j=, a ne<%e(*%i &a'=(aa'a8 a &i'á)!an +$<á$ ne<%e(*%i 8+n%6);i $%er&e%e(e (a)$á)a r+&+n ne<%e(i !anjá(, $ &e'e a >i%e(e$%*%+( e $%er&e%e(e >e'6);e'e(e a'á &i((e97""%a("$an e'&e$%(e((e >i%e(e$%*% i!"U$á(á$a >e'e((i $%=&ere?ni(á$á(9 É&i *'($+)&e(+$+ne <+r(+e +$ >e'a$%ná'á$a >e'e(( ne<

a% ad"(( á''a<" "r<án;ai d*n(ene9 A ne<%e(e á''Q(:'a) >6)?)e('en +$ $%a!ad $aj(:i 8edi) <inden e$e(!en a 'á(a(a('an *%8"n(rende'e%+$+re á''na9 Sajá( a%áj= +rdeei( <ár a<enn;i!en'e'6 <+';+n anna i$ (ar(já <+) U$a ne< i$ <+r'e)e'i9Anna e''en+re $e<, "); !=$á$ j*&ede'<6e( "nnan $%er%i9A ne<%e( irán(i á'áj= a<e';ne 8edi) "'; j:Q%P en;er+(e$%i <+) n;"<"!an $e< >ede%e( >e'9-inde%e =(án >e' e' (enni a +rd+$(, ine, ine a j")a !ár<e'; "r$%á) $aj(:&er(i=<ána irán;Q(á$a +$ >e'6);e'e(eW N;i'&án e); a% ad"(( á''a< >e'e'$, 8ár( $e<'e)e$ na);(ein(+';P+$ "%%á+r( $%e<+';e!' á'': !i%"(($á)na9 A $aj(: $%e''e<i354$%a!adra!'á$a <e)en)ede(e('en9 A $aj(: +$ a *%&+'e<+n;?=(a(: Fin(+%e(e ne &e);ene r+$%( $e<+'e &á'a$%(á$i a<? 8án;!an9 .*%re<P*d+$6 =);ani$ i%árja a &a':!a $%a!ad &á?



'a$%(á$" 'ee($+)+(, a% á''a<8"')ár $%a!ad aara(ána i>eje%+?$+(9 A Qre *%'+$e $e<'e)e$ <e)>")a'<a%á$ e'' 'e);e, <en(e$<inden $%en%áUi:aj$%"'á$(:'9 A > $%a!á'; 8edi)# <indi) i)a%a(e'' QrniM -á$" !eU$6'e(+ne $aj(: á'(a'i $+re'<+( a% á''a< i)a%?

$á)6);i $%er&eine e);e('en6' <e) e'' ("r"'nia9 A% ee% $%6?$+)e$ (*r&+n;e <e)a'"(á$a <ár ne< i)en (Pr a'a$%(á$(935I9 $%9 >6))e'+ A H=nnia UQ"';:ira( 19 j'i=$ 2?i UieROOSEVELT HÁBORS HONORÁRI-AS%á<"$ (an='<án;"<!an, 6'*n*$en a% 1?!an iad"((# A-ÁSODI. VILÁGHÁBORL/ IGAZ TÖRTÉNETE UQ+rájá!a9 S%(á'in ne< a%+r( aj(a((a e%ee( ana); <'( á''a<"a( *(&en +&re );ar<a(i i)á!a, <er( a%" &e$%(e$ á!"r( &i$e'(e e''ene9 E''ene%'e)M R""$e&e'(, a%E);e$6'( Á''a<" e'n*e (*!!e *%*(( e%%e' >i%e((e <e) N+<e(?"r$%á) 8re&en(Q& (á<adá$ána i8r"&"á'á$á(, <ajd a 8r"&"áUi:e''eni &+dee%+$ =$%"n+( <i''i: a'"((já(9

Ne<%e(ide)en, a );ar<a(i a(a'"< á'(a' >e'en(, (r'<e($%e(((*r(+n+$%ein ne< &á''a'"%(a arra, "); n;Q'( &i(á( indQ($ana á''Q(á$ai< <e)Uá>"'á$ára9 /:' >i%e(e(( );á$%<a);ar F"'d=d&ar=a%"n!an a<"';an >6'!e$):$ 8r"8a)anda<"d"r!an );%*di a(*r(+ne'e< irán( >")+"n; +$ +rde'd "'&a$:a(, "); nei);j+ e' e%ee( a $%erin(6 ne< d"=<en(á'( i8"(+%i$ee(9R""$e&e'( +$ S%(á'in 6'*n*$ a((raUi:ja a j=de"?!"'$e&i%<=$10?!en (e(%*(( U$dje =(án <ár $e<+'e !i%"n;Q(á$ra ne<$%"r=', i$% *n<a)á( 'e8'e%(e 'e9 Ta'án <+)$e< 'e$% >e'e$'e)e$ a(*r(+n+$%e á'(a' e&+$!+ i$<er(, a Teeráni ."n>erenUia e'((,143 >e!r=ár 20?án e'e(e%e(( R""$e&e'(?Za!r"=$; 'e&+' $%:$%e?rin(i i$<er(e(+$e9 E 6'*n*$ U$e<e)+e% a% 159 +&i a=$%(rá'iaie'ad:?*r=(a< $"rán j=("((a<9 Ha%aind='á$"< e'(( j !ará(ai<6'*n!*% e<'+(ár);aa' ed&e$ed(e, a<e';e a%:(a i$ a'e)na);"!! !eU$!en (ar("(( e<'+ei< *%+ (an"%na9 .6'*n*$en



*r6'(e< Dan: 7erenU -e'!"=rne?i !ará("< *n;&ajánd+aina, !ár an)"' n;e'&P iadá$= <ia(( a%"a( "'&a$ni ne< (=d"<9 Van?na a%"n!an i(("ni !ará(ai<, ai e!!en $e)Q($+)e<re $ie((e935

ViU"<(e L+"n De "nUi=$ V 1@?!an iad"((# 7ree<a$"nr;and (e Va(iUan UQ<P *n;&e i$<er(e(i a%( a 'e&e'e(, a<e';e(R""$e&e'( e'n* Qr( a %$id: Za!r"=$;na, ai S%(á'in +$ R""$e?&e'( *%*(( a% *$$%e*( (i$%( $%ere8+( (*'(*((e !e a <á$"di &i'á)?á!"r idej+n9<e a 'e&+' (e'je$ $%*&e)e .e$%(e';i Z$"'( >"rdQ(á$á!an#F.ed&e$ Za!r"=$; rM7EHÉRHÁZ a$in)("n 20b2b43

A<in( Önne +$ ei$$ rna i$ &"'( $%erenU$+eje%?ni] <+';en <e)a(: $%á<"<ra, "); i>j I%rae' Ne<%e(iTanáU$a &"'( "';an <e)a(:an ed&e$, "); en)e< ja&a?$"'j"n *%&e(Q(ne *%*$ !ará(=n"%, S%(á'in"% e ne?+% 8i''ana("!an, a<i"r a $%*&e($+)e$e *%*((i $r':?dá$ 'e)i$e!! e$e($+)e i$ ? a +($+)e( e'"$%'a(: n;i'a(?"%a(" e''en+re, <indeni $%á<ára &+)%e(e$ *&e(?e%<+n;ee' járna, de 'e)>+88en <a)ára a%

S%9S%9S%9.9?ra X#S%"&je(=ni:#Y n+%&e9E%+r( a% Ön* +rde+!en á'', U$a); <in( a <i+n!en,"); a F$ar"a( 'eU$i$%"'j= a<i( ne+% 'e$% <e)?(enni Li(&in"&&a', aine $ajn"$ <e) e''e(( <"ndan"<,"); Fai eddi) ere$(+ a &i$%á';( Sa<= !áU$i&a', 'e$%"= 8ana$%ra a j*&!en i$, <in( !e'? <in( 6'8"'i(iai&"na("%á$!an9 -i&e'"); a<i a% A<eriai ni: Á''a?<ai!an a "<<=ni$(a (e&+en;$+)e( i''e(i, *&e(e'+$ei(e'je$$+))e' (Pre(e('ene9Ti<"$en" <ár $"a' j:%ana!! &"'(, a<i"r r*&id de);6<*'U$*% 'á(")a(á$a $"rán =(a'( arra, "); e); j<e)!e$%+'+$ S%(á'in <ar$a''a' );"r$ e$%*%ne !i%"n;='?a( arra, "); $%e<+';e$en n+%e(e( U$er+'j6n9 ); &+?'e<, e% e);re $6r)e(!!, 6'*n*$en a a%( n+%%6, <i';en$" j: $%ár<a%"(( J=rUi''ne S%(á'inna' (*r(+n( (ár?



);a'á$á!:'9355A% E);e$6'( Á''a<" +$ Na);?Bri(annia +$%e >enn(ar?(á$ n+'6' a S%9S%9S%9.9?na (e'je$ e);en'$+)e( !i%("$Q(a?

ni +$ $%a&a%a("( a á!"r =(áni &i'á) jjá$%er&e%+$+!en9); r+$%( >") &enni X#a<in( Áden!' a% e'$ &á%'a( <e)?6'd+$+&e' a% an)"' -ini$%(ere'n* (=da((a &e'e#Y a% E=?r:8a? +$ Á%$ia TanáU$ (*r%$"r$%á)aina &e%e( U$"8"r(? já!an, erre j")a &an, ne<U$a a(a'<a$ ne<%e(*%i e'?e';e%ed+$e <ia((, ane< a%+r( a na);$%erP arUá+r( i$,a<e';e( NáUi%<=$ e''en >"';(a(, $ a<e';+r( a T*r(+ne'e<+$ a Ji&i'i%áUi: e'i$<er+$+( +rde<'i i9

S%ánd+=n a% +$ $ajá( na); a%án, i''e(&e a a(a'<a$Bri( Bir"da'"< ne&+!en <"nd"< e%( , "); e%ee( aTanáU$"a( (e'je$ e)+$%+!en a >6))e('en á''a<" a'"$?$á, e);en', arán;"$ +8&i$e'e((e'9É$ !i%("$Q(a("<, ed&e$ Za!r"=$;<, S%(á'in( a>e'',"); a% S%9S%9S%9.9 (e'je$en e);en' a'a8ra 'e$% e';e%&e,e);en' $%a&a%a((a' a% E);e$6'( Á''a<"a' +$ An)'iá&a'a ne&e%e(( TanáU$" &e%e(+$+!en9 An)'iá&a' +$ a% E);e?

$6'( Á''a<"a' e);en' j"))a' (a)ja 'e$% a 7e'$!! BQ?r:$á)na, a<e';e( a ne<%e(e *%*((i di>>erenUiá e'ren?de%+$+re >")=n '+(re"%ni +$ r+$%( >") &enni =);an); ane<%e(*%i ara(a'"< i&á'")a(á$á!an, >e'>e);&er%+$+? !en +$ 8aranU$n"$á)á!an, a<e'; a ."n(inen(á'i$ Ta?náU$ =(a$Q(á$ai( *&e(&e <inden á''a<"n !e'6' r*dni>") a%"n, "); a !+e a Ne<%e(*%i S%*&e($+) $%e''e<+? !en <aradj"n >enn9 ); e%en á''a<*%i e);$+)e +$ a"%%áj= (ar("%: ad$ere)e +8e$e 'e$%ne !e(ar(anid*n(+$eie(9-i=(án a e';%e( e%, a &i'á)e);e(e< Tea(raUiájána 8"?%QUi:já!:' S%(á'in $%á<ára i$ ie'+)Q( e'' 'e);en +$ neá''j"n e' "';an *&e(e'+$ee', a<e'';e' $%á<=nra<e)"'da(a('an ne+%$+)e( ""%na9 ); (eá( a% A<eri?ai ."n(inen$ a% E);e$6'( Á''a<" i%ár:'a)"$ !e>"';á?



$a a'a(( <arad, <in( a"); e%( <e) i$ Q)+r(6 >*'dr+?$%6n "r$%á)aina935@E=r:8á!an 7ranUia"r$%á) a Bri(e erin)+$i 8á';ára

'e$% ráá''Q(&a9 7enn(ar("((=n 7ranUia"r$%á) $%á<árae); (i(ár$á)"( (anáU$"%á$i j"))a', de $%a&a%a(i j")n+'6', j=(a'<=' a <"$(ani e''ená''á$+r( +$ <e)("r'á$+n("rá!!i );en)e$+)++r(9Bi%("$Q(ani >")j= a S%9S%9S%9.9?na a "%%á>+re($+)e(a -edi(errán Ten)ere%, en)edni >")=n Q&án$á)aina 7inn"r$%á) +$ a Ba'(i Á''a<" &"na("%á$á!an9 Len?);e'"r$%á)"( >e' >")j= +rni, "); a <e)+r(+$ +$ a

"<8r"<i$$%=< <e)Q&án( <:dján &i$%"n;='j"n a S%"&? je(=ni:"%9 S%(á'inna $%+'e$ (erje$%ed+$i (ere <arad.e'e(?E=r:8a iU$in;, >e'&i'á)"$='a('an "r$%á)ai!an9 Ne< >e'ej(&e e' e); 8i''ana(ra $e< /=)"$%'á&iána +$J$e$%'"&áiána a P$+)6+r( jár: j")"r:'9 Te'je$e)+$%+!en &i$$%aadj= a%"a( a (er6'e(ee(, a<e';ee(id'e)e$en e'$%aQ("((a Na); Or"$%"r$%á)(:'9A"n("$a!!# a Har<adi ReiU >e'"$%'á$a =(án

(*red+ei( <á$ (er6'e(ee' e);e$Q(&+n; "';an ne<%e(i$+?)e '+(re"%á$á&a', a<e';ene ne< 'e$% a8U$"'a(a a<'((a', a n+<e( >en;e)e(+$ &+)'e) e' >") (Pnni +$ ne< je'en( (*!!+ &e$%+';( a S%"&je(=ni:ra, E=r:8ára +$ a%e)+$% &i'á)ra9T*r*"r$%á) e +rd+$ ("&á!!i +rin(+$e <"$( ne< $%"'?)á'na a$%n"$ U+'(9 Te'je$ e);e(+r(+$re &an $%6$+)9J=rUi'' <e)>e'e' !i%("$Q(+"( ad"(( In"n6 e'n*ne a$ajá( +$ j:<a)a< ne&+!en9 A <edi(erránra *$$%e"%"((>"';"$: e'+) e'' 'e);en S%(á'inna9Á%$ia# .*&e(e'+$ei&e' e);e(+r(6n, i&+&e, a ("&á!!i !"?n;"da'<a <er6'n+ne >e'9 A>riár:' di$(?"r<án;na9 S8an;"'"r$%á)+$ "r(=)á'ia e''en(+(e'( e'', "); a8j"n <ajd a% á'(a?35'án"$ e);en$'; ja&ára (*r(+n 'e<"ndá$ai+r(9 A% E);e?

$6'( Á''a<" i$ r+$%( +r a% "$%("%"dá$!:' a :dQ(á$ j"?)án +$ e);e$ e';ee( <=$%áj 'e$% *&e(e'n6n, a<e';e !e>"';á$i *&e%e(ein $%á<ára '+(>"n("$$á)a9 J$a e%'ee( (i$%(e$$+)e$9 Bra%Q'iána i$ <e) e'' adni a%( a i$);ar<a(i (erje$%ed+$(, a<ire Q)+re(e( a8"((9A ReiU );"r$ <e)$e<<i$6'+$+re (ein(e((e' );%%e <e)S%(á'in(, ed&e$ Za!r"=$;<, "); <indeni ja&ára en?)ednie e'' a% a>riai );ar<a(" &"na("%á$á!an +$ >e'

e'' adnia <inden 8r"8a)andá( A<eria i8ari *%8"n(? jai!an9 Bi%("$Q($a ( (e'je$ <e)+r(+$e<r', (*+'e(e$ r"?"n$%en&e<r' +$ arr:', "); +n aar"< a <e)"'dá$(e%ee' a rende'e%+$ee', aen(i (er& U$a á'(a'án"$, a<e';e( <+) ("&á!! (an='?<án;"%"9Err' &an $%: +$ ne< (*!!r'9

A"); a"r i$ <"nd(a< Önne, na);"n *r6'(e< a%"n'e&+'ne +$ e);e$ $%*&e)+ne, a<e';!en +r(e$Q(e((e en?)e< a% Ön d*n(+$+r' +$ arr:' a &á);ár:', "); a Ne<?%e(i TanáU$ ne&+!en I%rae' 'e)na);"!! inU$+ne, a T:?rána e); 8+'dán;á( aján'já >e' $%á<"<ra9 E% a 'e&+'e'>")adá$"< <e)er$Q(+$e9 Ai &e'e< $%in(+, a%"na a 'e)na);"!! !i%a'"<<a' &á'a$%"'"9 Le);en ed&e$,na);"n +re<, ("'<áU$"'ja á'á<a( a% Ön á'(a' e'n**'(i&á': (e$(6'e(ne 319 +&>"rd=':ja a'a'<á!:' j:Q&án$á?)ai<a( >eje%&e i9-inden j:( +$ $ier( Q&án" ("'<áU$i <=nájá!an9 I)en*(e'e%e(( Q&e#7ran'in R""$e&e'( $9E (i("$ 'e&+' R""$e&e'( *rn;e%e(+!' )"nd"$ ni e%ene *$%*ne(en <ár 143 <árUi=$á!an a $8an;"' "r<án; (=d"<á?



3@0$ára j=("((9 A &i'á)á!"r !e>eje%+$e =(án /"rdánia )r:>, a $8an;"'6'6);<ini$%(er (i(ára, Sen"r D"=$$ina)=e, a% E$8ana TeniaRa%"n UQen( id+%e(( 'e&+' i$ !i?%"n;Q(ja *%re<P*d*(( a (*!!$%á% <i''i:$ e=r:8ai, á%$iai +$ a>?riai n+8e$$+)e( +rin( $%+);en(e'je$ r""$e&e'(i adá$&+(e'+!en9 E%&a':!an, a $%: 'e)(e'je$e!! +r(e'<+!en <e)a'adja a &i'á)(*r(+?ne'e< <inden eddi)i n+8e''ene$ !Pn+(9 Ne< 'ee( e'+))+ $ajná'ni,"); N6rn!er)!en a Qred( FNe<%e(*%i BQr:$á) ne< >e'e((6 Q(+'e%e((9

); &+'e<, a 'e&+' ne< i)+n;e' ("&á!!i "<<en(ár(9 -in?deni( <e));%e( arr:', "); a de<"ráUia 'e)>!! <e)(e$(e$Q?(j+ne $%ere8+!en (e($%e') E);e$6'( Á''a<" <inden"ri "r?<án;a a &a':$á)!an <i';en er*'U$* a'a8ján )"nd"'"di +$U$e'e$%i9Baja, 1@ $%e8(e<!er 3093@1II9 $%9 76))e'+

A -AGARORSZÁGI VÁLASZTÁSI JSA?LÁS VILÁGRASZCLCHa a ra!'"(( "nU >e'%a!á'á$a"r ne< á'' ere$%(!e a U$"n( a$aá'" ("rá!an, a"r <i+r( i$ á''na a% ere$%(!e a "ni'i!erá'!"'$e&i" ("rá!anW Hi$%en $e<+'e r"!"(?L=Ui>er+e% a$"n': +(&á));a' e!e?'e% !e 8+n%(, a(a'<a, <'(a( +$ j*&(, Bár a <e))"nd"'j= n+<i6'*n!$+) &an# <er( <Q) a $aá' +$ a i+na %$á<án;"': aj'a?<ána a(ár( $%a! a% +(&á); +$ a );"<"r!e'i?a8aUi(á$, addi) a*)+$, $e< a ('%a!á'($á)"( je'% &+r? !e!"r='( $%e<, $e< a !eU$6'e(, $e< a% e<!erie$$+), $e< a% er?*'U$, $e< a (i$%(e$$+)9 ); (Pni, "); );"<r= <+re(ei( U$a



a% "r$%á)a(ár"a' 'ee(ne *r&"na'a%ni a% e'$ 8i''an(á$ra9A'a8"$a!!an $%e<6);re &+&e a%"n!an, i(( e); &i'á)<+re(P !en?d( 'á((=n999De &i$$%a a (i$%(e$$+) +$ a "ni 'i!erá'!"'$e&i" an(a)"ni$%?

(i=$ Xi!+Q(e(e('en, *$$%e>+re(e('enY e''en(+(8ár(já"%# a% idei,<áj=$i &á'a$%(á$" a(a$%(r">á'i$ ered<+n;ei a8U$án +($+)? !eej( e'e<%+$e $%6'e((e, (*!!n;ire a%( >e$%e)e(&e n+a Qn"$,n+a *r6'<+n;e$ed (a8in(a("$"dá$" *%e8e((e "); <i+r(i$ $%a&a%"(( a <a);ar a &á'a$%(:8"')ár" (*!!$+)e a "<<=ni$?(ára, i''e(&e a ne<%e( $Qrá$:iraW -e) i$ >")a'<a%:d(a a%(án a<a);ará%a(na $%án( &á'a$%" a% "'U$: en;+r +$ a )=';á$"<?<=ni%<=$ "nd+r"n)á$ána n"$%(a')iájá( 'á((a(&a9 -á$" a

n;=)dQja$"!an (a'á'(á <e) a !Pn!a"(, ai, );<"nd, &i$$%a?Q&án"%(a a ádári 'an);"$ 8"U$"';a&Q%!e9 Na8&i'á)"( 'á((a a%(án "';an (an='<án;" i$, a<e';e <ár i<"nd(á a ='U$$%:(# J$a'á$M S%er%i !eU$6'e(+re 'e);en<"nd&a, 'e i$ 'e8'e%(+ a U$a'á$(, a<i a <a);ar &á'a$%(á$i rend?3@2$%er!e e'e&e !e &an a'='á'&a9 -er( i ne +r%+e'n+ a%( <+) a%$enia'i(á$( a% +('a8"n ere$ !*'U$e'ed *%6' i$, "); "?

rán($e< a &á'a$%(á$" (+n;'e)e$ de<"ra(i%<=$á(, a% e);e$ 8ár?(" e$+';e);en'$+)+( $%"')á'(á 8+'dá=' a "8")(a(: U+d='á9 Ne< a% e);e$ 8ár(", >'e) 8edi) ne< a ne<%e(i +rdeee( +8&i?$e' 8ár(" e$+';n*&e'+$+( $%"')á'(a ("&á!!á a ár"< 'e)>!! +$<indena(: &+'e<+n;>"r<á': in(+%<+n;# a 0 $%á%a'+!an X<a<ár $%á%a'+!anY a ne<%e(e''ene$ ere( (*<*rQ( rádi:, (e'e?&Q%i: +$ $aj(:9 A <ani8='áUi: +$ a !e>"';á$"'á$ e$%*%e =);an?U$a a +(>"rd=':$ &á'a$%(á$i rend$%er i$, a<i"ri$ a <á$"di >"r?d=':!an <ár "';an a'aU$"n; $%á%a'+arán; d*n( a a(a'"<ra j=(á$?r:', "); a% $" <inden( i>eje%, U$a ,a 'a"$$á) (*!!$+)+ne aara(á( ne<999 A 'i$(á$ $%a&a%á$r:' ne< i$ !e$%+'&e, i$%en a 'i$?(ár:' a 8ar'a<en(!e j=((a("(( e);+ne i'+(e >e'' a 'a"$$á), ne<<+) 8"'i(iai e'*(e'e%e(($+)e >e''999A%(án i(( &an a <a);ar"r$%á)i &á'a$%(á$i U$a'á$ *%&e(e(( !i?%"n;Q(+a# <er( !ár $"a ne< i$%e< e' a% -SZ e);e('en e';i,



);%e'=nUi"nári=$" á'(a' 'a"(( ne);ed+!en, a"' (*!!$+)+!en <a)aa F*%n+8 i$ a8ara(U$i"!:' +$ a 8ár(!=r%$"á%ia 'aájai!:' (e&?

di *$$%e, a"r 'e)>e'je!! 'e"r)a$%("< a >eje< +$ a%( <"nd"<,"); 'á<, erre>e'+ <+) Q); <P*di a r+)i )+8e%e( (eá( (=d"?<á$=' &e$%e< a U$a'á$(9 N"de a% a% e<!er( +$ I$(en( );a'á%:, $(,<+) a% *rd*)*( i$ <e)$%+);enQ( U$a'á$, <i$%erin( <inden6((,>a'=n +$ &ár"$"n, a% +r(e'<i$+)ie, a <e%)a%da$á)i d"')"%: &a); %*<<e' i8ari <=ná$" á'(a' 'a"(( &id+een i$ U$ane<aj$%á'ra a%"n"$ ered<+n;e $%6'e((e, a% +re< $e<*'dere$+)en "';an +8e$%P e<!er, ai&e' e' 'ee(ne i(e(ni,"); B=da8e$( ?("' ?i) (erjed &á'a$%(:*r%e(ei!en =);an);0?e);n+án; $%á%a'+"( $%er%e(( a% -SZ, 1@?20 $%á%a'+"( +r(e' a% SZDSZ, =(án= 8edi) 5?? $%á%a'+a' *&e(e%e(( a%-D7, a% 7.G, i''e(&e a 7IDESZ9 XLe)>e'je!! e%en =(:!!ia $"r?rendje &á'("%"(( i((?"((, (e$$+?'á$$+ a'a8"n9Y De "); =);ane%en$"rrend a'aa'j"n i, <"ndj= "';an *%$+)e!en +$ >a'&a!an,a"nnan a "<<=ni$(á anna idej+n e'aj("((á a n, e$e(en?

+n( a (e'je$ 'a"$$á) @0 $%á%a'+á(, $ a% e'=rU"'(aa( $"a (*!!+3@3ne< 'á((á (*!!+ ne< 'á((á &i$%"n( $%ere((ei, n"$, "); e%een a<ái) );á$%!a !"r='( &id+een i$ a >en(e!!i 'i$+&e' aj$%á'raa%"n"$ arán;!an "%(á &"'na i );%(e$+n( a% -SZ?(, <á$"?dina 8edi) a% SZDSZ?(, a% e);$%erPen a!$%=rd=<9 De ("&á!!i$ árn;a'a(nán a +rd+$(9 -er( &aj"n <i+r( ne< >eje%d*(( i a&á'a$%(: (er<+$%e(e$ !e(a)"':dá$a a <e)>e'e' 8ár("!a a <e%?)a%da$á)i &id+eenW -i+r( ne< >eje%d*(( i a &á'a$%(á$i ered?<+n;e!en a )a%da) >*'d<P&e' a);"<án;"a( r% (+r$+)e? !en a ='á$"r$ <+re(e('en6' $" <e)a'á%(a(á$a +$ );á$%aWA&a); <i+r( ne< <=(a("(( &á'("%á$( a% "r$%á)$%er(e á'(a'án"$ered<+n;$a!'"n"% &i$%"n;Q(&a <"ndj= a FV*r*$ J$e8e' $ajá?("$ e'*(e'e%e(($+)eW -er( a $%á%a'+arán; <indene e''en+re,<inden6((, e); +$ =);ana%# a ('$á)"$an j:' $ier6'( U$a'á$ ered?



<+n;e9Ha e%e =(án aadnána <+) <e)r*)%*(( $%e8(i=$", ai &a'a<e'; +r(e(e('en "ná' >")&a <+)i$ inn+ne a <a);ar"r$%á)i&á'a$%(á$" X149 <áj=$ @?2Y ered<+n;eine (i$%(a$á)á!an +$

i(e'e$$+)+!en X<Y, a%" $%á<ára, Q<e e); i$ rá):dni &a': !i?%"n;Q(+#FT=d"<á$"< &an arr:', "); a -a);ar"r$%á)"n, e% +&<áj=$ @?án <e)(ar("(( &á'a$%(á$" ered<+n;ei a<i$Q?("((a9 A a<i$Q(á$( ne< a $%a&a%:e';i$+)e!en Xa% e'?'enr%*(( e';eenY *&e((+ e', ane< anná' $"a' ra?&a$%a!! +$ $%a$%erP!! <:d"n, e); $%á<Q(:)+8 $%">(&er?re', <+)8edi) a *%8"n(i $%á<Q(:)+8 (er<iná'"n A% erre

a U+'ra !e8r")ra<"%"(( $%">(&er( a !e')rádi $%"Uia'i$(a+$ "<<=ni$(a Uin"$" *%re<P*d+$+&e' $%ere%(e <e)H9 A9, a <a);ar na);*&e($+) >e'e'$ a'a'<a%"((ja9 A$%:!an >"r): $%">(&er <ár i &"'( 8r:!á'&a, =);ani$ "?rá!!an anna $e)Q($+)+&e' Fn;er(e <e) a 'e)=(:!!i&á'a$%(á$"a( a $%er! F$%"Uia'i$(a 8ár(9A U$a'á$ +r(e'*'di $%e<+'; &"'(9 A !ea&a("%á$( ); (*r(+n(,"); a *%8"n(i (er<iná'"% XB=da8e$(en +88); <in(Be')rád!an de a% $inU$ i%ár&a, "); .a=na$!an +$3@4Var$:!an i$MY, ("&á!!á <inden >"n("$ $%á<Q(:)+8e%U$a('a"%(a(&a &an X&"'(Y e); (i("$ 8:(ada8(er, a<in(e); a8U$"':&a' <P*d(e((e9 Teá( e!!e a (i("$ $%">(?&er!e &"'(a e're !e(á8'á'&a a F&á'a$%(á$i ered<+?n;eM E%+r( (*r(+ne(e(( <e) a%, "); 0,00 +$ ajna'i 2:ra *%*(( <ár i$<ere(e$e &"'(a a &á'a$%(á$ &+)'e)e$ered<+n;ei999 7"r<á'i$an, &a);i$ a );an e'(ere'+$e &+?)e(( a%"n!an U$a <á$na8 re))e' *%*'(+ a%"a( i&a?(a'"$an9 A &á'a$%(á$" <á$"di >"rd=':ja =);ane%%e' a$%á<Q(:)+8e$ 8"'i(iai (err"raUi:&a' 'e(( <e)a<i$Q(&a9XLá$d a &+)ered<+n;(Y9



A% e$e(!' <inden <a);ar á''a<8"')árna +$ <inden ne<?%e(i e'*(e'e%e(($+)P 8ár(na 'e e'' &"nnia a *&e(e%(e(+$(, +$e);$+)re e'' j=(ni= a ("&á!!i, $%6$+)$%erP '+8+$ee( i''e(enMXA% in>"r<á("r=n ne&+(, +r(e( ""!:' ne< "%%=

n;i'&án"$$á)raY9J( /án"$3@7ELHASZNÁLT IRODALO-An);a' I$(&án# Sajá(e%P &a''"<á$a9 e$(i S%a'"n .*n;&i?ad:Ba''a An(a'# A 'e)ja!! "r &i'á)(*r(+ne(e9 -a);ar .irá';iE);e(e<i n;"<da B89 1329

BarU%a G;*r);# Di8'"<a(a e<'+ei<9 111?149 I?II9 E=r:? 8a?Hi$("ria 149R"!er(" Ba((e)'ia# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r 29 iadá$9 ."$$=(.*n;&iad: 19V9 Bere%$"&# A% ENSZ !*'U$j+n+'9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad:159V9 Bere%$"&# A Na); S%*&e($+) 141?1439 ."$$=(.*n;&iad: 15@9

V9 Bere%$"&# T"'<áU$ &"'(a< Teerán!an9 ."$$=( .*n;&?iad: 1529V9 Bere%$"&# Teerán(:' "($da<i)9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad:1@29L9 Be%i<en$%ij# A ar<adi Bir"da'"< <e)"'d"(( (a'án;ai133?1349 G"nd"'a( .iad: B8 .ár8á(i .iad: %$)"r"d1@59B++$ Re%$# Tr=<an árn;+a9 ZrQn;i a("nai iad: B891@29B++$ Re%$# a A<eriUana9 ZrQn;i .a("nai .iad: B891@499S9 SU=rUi''# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r9 E=r:8a .*n;&i?ad: B89 1@9H9S9 J"<<a)er# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r (*r(+ne(e# j Id Ir"da'nerY iadá$a B89 +9n9



3@De Ga=''e# Há!"r$ e<'+ira("9 G"nd"'a( 1539 /9De=($Uer# S%(á'in9 E=r:8a .*n;&iad: B89 109/9E9 Da&ie$# -"$%&ai je'en(+$9 An"ni<=$ .*n;&iad: B89

149E''i"( R""$e&e'(# A8á< Q); 'á((a9 Dan(e .*n;&iad: B89 +9n97enU$i Lá$%':# -i( e'' (=dni a &i'á) "<<=ni$(a 8ár(jair:'W."$$=( .*n;&iad: B89 1@49G*<*ri Endre# A $a$ +$ a $árán;9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad:1@39G9-9 Gi'!er(# N6rn!er)i na8':9 -a)&e( B89 159G"e!!e'$# Na8':9 D=na*n;& .iad: 149

G;=r: Lá$%':# ArU+8&á%'a( (*r(+ne'<i á((+rre'9 -a)&e(.iad: B89 +9n9Ha'<$$; D+ne$# Ne<%e(*%i S%er%d+$e 11@?14?141@29 I?II9 .*%)a%da$á)i +$ /")i .*n;&iad:\ G"nd"'a( .*n;&iad: B89 1@39He)edP$ Andrá$# A (*r(+ne'e< +$ a(a'"< i)+%e(+!en9 ."$?$=( .*n;&iad: 1@@9Hi('er a(&ann;"'U (ár);a'á$a 13?1449 -a)&e( .*n;&?

iad: B89 1@39A9 Harri<an# A<eria +$ Or"$%"r$%á) a &á'("%: &i'á)!an944@9 $%9 +%ira( N9N9 /a"&'e&# ear' Har!"=r rej(+';e9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad:1549 N9N9 /a"&'e&# 7ran'in De'an" R""$e&e'(9 ."$$=( .*n;&?iad: 15979 /en$en# .Qna );%9 7ran'in .*n;&iad: N9V9109.ádár G;='a# A L=d"&iá(:' S"8r"nidái)9 -a)&e(.*n;&iad: B89 15@9 2 iadá$9.ádár /án"$# V+)aara(9 HQr'a8iad: Vá''a'a( 1@93@5G979 .ennan# A n='eári$ (+&e$%<e9 9 $%9 +%ira(9S9 .")e'>ran%# /a'(a *r*$+)e9 AB9 76))e('en iad: B891@9



A9A9 .""$in\Se9-9 R")"&# A 7e+r Há% $%6re e<inenUi?á$ai9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad: 1@9."8áU$i Sánd"r# 19 <a);ar >"rrada'"< +$ a Na); I<re 8er9 29 iadá$9

-a);ar Öre)diá S%*&e($+) Be$$en;ei G;*r); *r9 Tan= "r=nr:' 1@09."8áU$i Sánd"r# É'e(>");(i)'an I99S9 .iad: +9n9/9 de La=na;# A >a$i%<=$ &+)na8jai E=r:8á!an9 E=r:8a.*n;&iad: 159-9 Ledeen9 9 Le_i$# B=á$, a<eriai =darU Irán!an 00$%9 +%ira(9/9-9 -aj$%ij# E); $%"&je( di8'"<a(a &i$$%ae<'+e%+$e9 G"n?

d"'a( .iad:?."$$=( .*n;&iad: B89 159-aai G;*r);# I%rae' á''a< +$ a Ui"ni%<=$9 ."$$=( .*n;&?iad: B89 15397erdinand -a;# 7ee(e +%9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad: B89 159-+rai Ti!"r# Na); I<re +'e(e +$ a'á'a j&ár; FGRI77 .i?ad: -6nUen 15@9V9 -iU=ne&iU# Ti(: *&e(e &"'(a<9 In(erar( B89 10-:n=$ Ár"n# Ö$$%ee$6&+$9 A Nie(%$Uei Bir"da'"<9

In(er$ea$ Edi(i"n$ 119 Na(i"na' H"=$e San("n I$'e "> -an9 O<án;" +$ ada(" a<á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'%<+n;eir'9 .*%%+(e((e# a S%"&? je(=ni: .6'6);<ini$%(+ri=<a R+&ai .*n;&iad: Ne<?%e(i Vá''a'a( +9n9/9D9 O&$%janij# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r e'+$%Q(+$+ne (i(ai9."$$=( .*n;&iad: 15393@@adán;i Vi("r# A na); (ra)+dia9 HQd> Bará(i .*re .iadá$a.a'i>"rnia ?San 7ranUi$U" 1559in(+r I$(&án# R=d"'> He$$ rej(+';e$ +'e(e +$ a'á'a9 I>j$á)iLa8? +$ .*n;&iad: Vá''a'a( 1@59H9 "<<ereinin)# A .Qnai\S%"&je( a(ár"n>'i(=$ 2@9 $%9+%ira(9Rand+ /en# 7='("n(:' Br6$$%e'i)9 .*%)a%da$á)i +$ /")i



.*n;&iad: B89 159Ráni G;*r);# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r (*r(+ne(e9 G"nd"'a(.*n;&iad: B89 1539G9L9 R"%an"&# Ti("$ di8'"<áUia 144?149 ."$$=(

.*n;&iad:\.ár8á(i .iad: 1@9A9Sa<8$"n# +n%*'U$*n%9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad: B89 1@49SU$er!a("&# a$%e&iU$ -a);ar"r$%á)"n9 E=r:8a .*n;&i?ad: 1@99 SUe''en!er)# E<'+ira(ai9 T+a .*n;&iad:?ZrQn;i .i?ad: B89 1@99SU<id(# Hi('er ("'<áU$a &"'(a<9 G"nd"'a( .*n;&iad:B89 1519

R9E9 Ser_""d# R""$e&e'( +$ H"8in$9 -a)&e( .iad: B891@9 S(e&en$"n# (i("$ á!"r9 19#J9 *n;&e 109L9 Tre88er# A na); já($%<a9 I99J9 *n;&e 109D9 V"'")"n"&# G;%e'e< +$ (ra)+dia9 ZrQn;i .iad: 109Z$="&# E<'+e, )"nd"'a("9 ."$$=( .*n;&iad:?ZrQn;i.a("nai .iad: 1509Ta8"'U%a; L=áU$# Ne<%e(e a'á'a9 A% e<!eri$+) ra8$%:di?

ája9 T"r"n(: 20039E<<an=e' T"dd# A !ir"da'"< =(án9 Tan='<án; a% a<eriairend$%er $%+(e$+$+r'9 A''8rin( .iad: 200393@I9-9 aUe8a# A .re<' *r*$+)e9 "1) ART9 B89 20029S"=$en 9J'e"n# A 'e'e8'e%e(( a8i(a'i$(a9 Janadi"nIn(e''i)enUe =!'iUa(i"n$ Janada 1@29Andrea$ &"n B6'"_# JIA +$ $%e8(e<!er 11?e9 Ne<%e(*%i(err"ri%<=$ +$ a Ti("$$%"')á'a(" $%ere8e9 E''en$';*n;&e 20049Jian" )r:> na8':ja 13?143 Ar<ádia .iad: 19Da&id Ir&in)# 7e'e'+$9 E); ne<%e( 6%de'<e# -a);ar"r$%á)19 Gede Te$(&+re B(9 B89 20039Ana("'e 7ranUe# Vá'")a("(( re)+n;ei X7e+r *&*nY E=r:8a.*n;&iad: 19



-a);ar /e'en e(i'a8 2003?2004?!en <e)je'en( $%á<aiBárd"$$; Lá$%':# A n+8!Qr:$á) e'((9 -aeUena$ .*n;&iad:119BPn*$ &"'(?e Bárd"$$; Lá$%':W 6$i9 B89 19 .a("'i=$

S%e<'e9 7"';:ira( 13@9 <áj=$9-ar$a': Laj"$# Or$%á):dQ(:9 -6nUen 159-ar$a': Laj"$# Vi'á):dQ(: IV9 iadá$ -6nUen 1@999 S%er"$%(;jan"&# Na); <e)8r:!á'(a(á$" e'((9 ."$$=(.*n;&iad:?.ár8á(i .*n;&iad: %$)"r"d 1@49''ein?Re&iU%; An(a'# N+<e( á!"r, "r"$% !+e9 E=r:8aHi$("ria 139De<"ra(a UQ"';a< 29 $%á<a9

/=á$% G;='a# -a);ar"r$%á) 6'8"'i(iája 11?149 ."$?$=( .*n;&iad: 1@@9/=n)er( Arn:(; -iá';# -"$%&ai na8':9 ZrQn;i .a("nai.iad: B89 1@9S%i((;a6r(?>"';:ira( 19 <árUi=$?á8ri'i$i $%á<a9"%$)a; I<re# ."r"na(an +$ (e((e$(ár$9 ."r"na .iad: B891@930

Laa("$ á'# A% e''"8"(( rend$%er&á'("%á$9 -a)ániadá$20029/"n .ee)an# A <á$"di &i'á)á!"r-"$%&ai -a);ar .*&e($+) /e'en(+$ei 13?1419 S%á%ad&+).iad:?A('an(i .iad: B8 129 Na); T**(*<# /e%$=i(á +$ $%a!ad<P&e$e9 ni&er$=<.iad: S%e)ed, 109j8+(er; E'e<+r# V+)á''"<á$ Li$%a!"n9 -a)&U( .*n;&i?ad: B89 1@59-a(ia$ Br*Uer$# Ö$$%ee$6&+$e, *$$%ee$6&+$?e'<+'e(e +$$%e8(e<!er 119 Ti(ai9 .+(e%ere); .iad: 20039/"n 7'"=rn"; -"n()"<er;# -a);ar"r$%á) a &"na"d:U$a(':$9 Zrin;i .iad: B89 139-6nUen 13@9 Di8'"<áUiai +$ 8"'i(iai d"=<en(=<"9."$$( .*n;&iad: 1@@9



/an &an He'$in)# Geei<9 Ge$e''$Ua>(en =nd i<e -aU( i<209 /ar=nder( E_er(&er'a) 19ViU"<(e L+"n de "nUin$# 7ree<a$"nr; and (e Va(iUan9O<nibJri$(ian B"" J'=! a'<ada'e 1@9

Ha&a$i 7erenU# Ga%da$á)8"'i(ia, )a%da$á)irán;Q(á$9 ."$?$=( .*n;&iad: 1@931 32 N+&?, e';? +$ (ár);<=(a(:AADA99999999999999999999999999999999999134Adena=er99999999999999999999130, 131a>)án9999999999999999999999999999999999932

A>)ani$%(án112, 113, 22, 32,33, 345, 34@, 33, 34,35, 3@, 30a>)ani$%(áni20, 32, 330, 33,34@, 33, 35, 3@A7 99999999999999999999999999999999999934@A>ria9999999999999999999999999999999999930a>riai9999912, 3, 1, 35, 3@0

A'!ánia999999999999999999999999999999999@@A'?D%$a%ira 9999999999999999999999993a'?D%$a%irá99999999999999999999999999345A')+ria9999999999999999999999999912, 121a')+riai99999999999999999999999999999999120a'?.aida34, 345, 34@, 3,35A'"(<án; BQr:$á) 999999999999234Á''a<i ri&a(i%áUi:$ R( 9999992@Á'(a'án"$ N+<e( -=ná$e);'e(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999911A<eriUan Air'ine$99999999999999342A<eria5, 31, 3, 35, 3, 40,0, @, , 5, 55, @2, @3,@4, @, @, @5, @@, @, 2,



, 5, 100, 10, 10, 10@,10, 112, 11, 120, 121,122, 125, 130, 131, 132,133, 134, 135, 13@, 13,

151, 1@, 1@, 1@@, 11,12, 13, 14, 1, 203,204, 20, 20, 205, 20,210, 213, 21, 22, 23,305, 31@, 31, 320, 323,324, 32, 325, 32@, 32,330, 331, 332, 334, 33,33@, 33, 34, 30, 31,

33, 34, 35, 3@, 3,30, 31, 32, 33, 34,3, 35, 3@A<eria Han)ja913, 1@3, 25a<eriai5, 10, 20, 23, 33, 40,0, 2, , , 0, @, 5,55, @4, 0, 2, 3, 100, 122,12@, 131, 11, 14, 1@5,

1@@, 14, 202, 204, 20,213, 21, 223, 230, 24,2@, 30, 31@, 323, 331,33, 342, 345, 34@, 30,32, 33, 3, 3@, 31,3, 3, 3@5, 3@@a))"da'<a99999999999999999999125a)re$$%i: 999999999999999999999999312a'"(<án; 9999999999999999999999993á''á$8"n(99999999913, 21, 31a=(:i8ar999999999999999999999999991 !anár" 999999999999999999999999994 !an" 99999999999999999999999999912 !e>"';á$9999999999999999999999999911 !"<!á%:99999999999999999999999201



Uen%"r9999999999999999999999999999913Uie9999999999999999999999999999931U$á!Q(á$9999999999999999999999999991U$a8a("999999999999999999999999934@

de<"ráUia3, 1@@, 3, 34di8'"<áUia992, @1, 20, 20d"''ár999999999999999999999999999999113e'n*@, 130, 135, 1@, 30,32, 334, 34+rdee'($+)e 9999999999999999933er999999999999999999999999999999999933>e);&ere8"r(999999999999999999950

>e);&er);ár(:999999999999999993133>e'&"n='á$99999999999999999999999331>ie%($+)99999999999999999999999999913>*'dr+$%99999999999999999999999999934)a%da$á)3, 132, 11, 13,202, 203, 20@, 20, 31,320, 322, 324, 333

adii8ar 99999999999999999999@, 122adi$%á''Q(á$"99999999999999999941adi(er<e'+$999999999999999999999@4ad$ere)999999999999999999999999931ad&e%e(+$9999999999999930, 33a<!=r)er999999999999999999999931@a(:$á)"9999999999999999999999934Qr$%er%+$9999999999999999999999993Qr$%er%99999999999999999999999305i$%(+ria9999999999999999999999999930in&á%i:99999999999999999999332, 31 j:&áa);á$999999999999999999999914a8i(a'i%<=$999999999999999999921a("na9999999999999999999999999999931a("ná9999999999999999999999999993



ere$ede'e<9999999999999999999931"n)re$$%=$9999999999999999999999@4"r<án;5, 101, 10@, 113,120, 130, 132, 13, 1@3,

13, 20, 300, 331, 333,32, 35, 30"r<án;" 99999999999991@5, 34"r<án;%a(@, 120, 1,310, 3*r*999999999999999999999999999999991*%8"n(999999999999999999999999999306'd*(($+)99999999999999999999999105

6'6);<ini$%(er99999910, 136'6);<ini$%(+ri=< 999999910'a"$$á)9999999999999999999999999934'+)ier 99999999999999999999312, 33@<aaU$$á)999999999999999999999931<e)!Q%:999999999999999999999999330<e)Q&á$99999999999999999999999930<e$(ered+$9999999999999999999913

na);*&e($+) 99999999999999999325na);(+$99999999999999999999999133n+89999999999999999999999999910@, 333 8a8Qr(i)ri$99999999999999999999999205 8+n%999999999999999999999999999999991@ 8"'i(ia9999999999999999999204, 340 8"'i(i=$" 99999999999999999999932@ 8r")ra<99999999999999999999999999131 8r"8a)anda999999999999999999999320ra+(a99999999999999999999999999999911$aj(:999999999951, 20, 211, 345$anda$á)999999999999999999999999933$e)+';999999999999999999999999999991@$e)+';U$"<a)"99999999999993@$e)Q($+)99999999999999999999999999920



$%a!ad<P&e$e 999999999912$%a!ad<P&e$$+)999@, 11$%e<>+n;&e$%(+$9999999999999990$%ená(=$9999999999999999999999999911

$%*&e($+)999999999999999999990, 5$%*&e($+)e$e99999999999999999120(á<adá$ 9999999999999999999999999933(á<")a(á$99999999999999999999999210(anáU$ad:999999999999999999999999111(anáU$ad:9999999999999999999999993(ár);a'á$"9999999999999999999999935(er&e 9999999999999999999999999999933@

(er&e%e(99999999999999999999999999999(er&e%999999999999999999999999991(i$%(99999999999999999999999999999999930@(i("$$%"')á'a(4, @, 305,32, 330, 340, 34(ran%aUi:99999999999999999999999326);n** 9999999999999999999999934&á'$á)999999999999999999999204, 31

&+'e<+n;99999999999999999999999931@&e%e(+$99999999999999999999999999999942&e%e(9999999999999999999999999993&e%(99999999999999999999999999999995A<eriai HQr$%er% Hi&a(a'99434a<eriai?an)"'4, , 5, @3,35, 31a<eriai?>ranUia 99999999999999999145a<eriai?"r"$%9999999999999999999933a<eriai?$%"&je(@3, 113, 121,13, 135, 12, 202, 305,321, 325anarUi$(a99999999999999999999999999999911Ana("'e 7ranUe9999999999935, 3@



Andrea$ &"n B6'"_99993, 3@Andre_ Sar':$99999999999999999999223Andr"8"&1, 11, 152, 153,155, 211

An)'ia, 5, 13, 14, 1, 15, 1@,21, 25, 2, 32, 3, 3, 40,41, 43, 4@, 4, 3, 4, ,, 5, @, 0, 1, 3, @,, 50, 52, 53, 54, 5, @0,@2, @3, @4, @, @, @5, @@,@, 2, 3, , 100, 101,102, 104, 10, 121, 135,

14, 145, 1@4, 1@@, 12,22, 23, 32, 332, 33,3@, 30, 35an)"', 12, 13, 14, 1, 1, 25,2, 30, 32, 35, 3, 40, 41,44, 4, 4@, 0, 50, 5, @4,2, 122, 13, 14, 204, 34,3, 35, 355

!ir"da'"<9999999999999999999999999@ !ir(""9999999999999999999999999922 !Q%(a(á$99999999999999999999999999921 !"<!á%:99999999999999999999999201 !=j(")a(:999999999999999999999999144e);e(e<99999999999999999999999999350e'i(999999999999999999999999999999999932)aranUia999999999999993, 2, 101);ar<a(" 999999999999999999999999ader 9999999999999999999999999999994ad$ere)99999999999999999999999999952Qr$%er%999999999999999999999999930@;ar<a("999999999999999999999999@5+<e9999999999999999999999999999999@5iad&án;99999999999999999999999999943



"r<án;0, @, 2, 5, 5,100, 101, 1@, 3336'6);<ini$%(+ri=<999999910'+)i(á<adá$"999999999999999999

<aaU$á)99999999999999999999999999<+rn*9999999999999999999999999993<ini$%(ere'n*999999999999999999@4na);*&e(99999999999999999, 102 8"'i(i=$" 99999999999999999999999re86')+8e99999999999999999999990$aj(:99999999999999999999999999991, 51$8e='áUi:9999999999999999999999993

$%*&e($+)999999999999999999999999990(á<")a(á$999999999999999999999999953&á'a$%"999999999999999999999999999@&ár"$"99999999999999999999999999999@4&e%e(99999999999999999999999, 5an)"'?a<eriai1, 4, , @3,13, 145, 35, 31an)"'?>ranUia14, 1, 34, 4@, 5,

2, 1@an)"'?n+<e(99999999999999999999999999an)"'"23, 35, 42, 4@, , 2,@4, 3, 101, 104, 1@, 1@@an)"'$%á$%31, @, 1, @1, 333,3@"a'QUi: 9999999999999999999999999934An);a' I$(&án99999999999991@, 3@An(a'' /:%$e>1@2, 21, 22,235, 23@, 244, 245, 24@,24, 25, 20, 251, 252, 30an(a''i999999999999999999999999999999999923An(a''?"r<án;1@1, 23, 24,2, 250, 301, 311An(an(a(a'<a999999999999999999991@



An(an(?a(a'<a91@, 23, 2, 3An(an(<i$$%i:999999999999999999999992an(i$%e<i(a 9999999999999999910, 23

i$%(+ria999999999999999999999999992An("ne$U=99999999999999999999954, 215An("n"&9999999999999999999999999999991an(ra99999999999999999999999999999999993Á8i$ e%rede$ 99999999999999999991, 1ÁV9999999999999999999999999999999999992@ara! &i'á)99991, 34@, 3@, 33Arie' Sar"n 999999999999999999999999934

ari$%("ráUia10, 15, 21, 140,141ari$%("ra(a99999999999999999999999999920A('an(i Jar(a35, 5, @, 102,30A('an(i?:Ueán999999999999999999999999@a("<!"<!a105, 113, 32, 32,33

a("<r"!!an(á$ 99999999999999999999202a("<$"r"<8:99999999999999202, 32A(('ee999999999999999999999999999999@@, 0A=$%(ria, 10, 13, 14, 1, 1,15, 1@, 20, 23, 25, 34, @,141, 144, 14, 145, 311, 33a=$%(riai99999999999999121, 14, 14@A=$%(ria?-a);ar"r$%á)9914, 15ÁVH12, 15, 1, 15, 150,15@, 15, 1@2, 222, 234,2@, 30, 350ÁVO15, 14, 15, 1, 25,350Ae' S8rin)er 99999999999999999999921Á%$ia30, 0, @0, 10@, 32, 355,



35@á%$iai12, 3, 110, 15, 32,35@, 3@0B

Baden9999999999999999999999999999999999145Ba'án 999999999999999999999999999999999952 !a'(i á''a<"9999999999999999999999999@@Ba'(i?á''a<"999999999999999999999913 !an$%"'idáUi:999999999999999999992@Bara!á$ /án"$99999999999999999999921Bar!ar"$$a?(er&9991, @, , 5@BarU%a G;*r);999999994, , 3@

Bárd"$$;999999999999999999999995@, 3@Barr; G"'d_a(er9999999999999999932Bar(=$ Lá$%':9999999999999999999999225Ba$(i''e999999999999999999999999999999999999Ba(a I$(&án99999999999999999999999999155Ba(i$(a9999999999999999999999999113, 1@Ba&er!r""999999999999999999999999999@4B+U$999999999999999999999999999914, 202

!+U$i4, , 2, 102, 103, 144,2@2B+'a 9 7ej+r9999999999999999999999223 !e')a999999999999999999999999999999912, @5 !e')á9999999999999999999999999999999991@@Be')i=<99999999999999995, 1@4, 1@@Be')rád999999999999999999999999999999913 !e')rádi4, 1, 154, 21, 2@,3@3 !e')rádi $%">(&er9999999999999999925Be''a D"dd 9999999999999999999999999133Be<?(+r99999999999999999999999999999991Benede I$(&án9999999999999999999224Bene$9999999999999999999999999999991@, 22Bene Va'+ria99999999999999999999915



!erU(e$)adeni99999999999999999999994Berei And"r9999999999999999999999991@0Bere%$"&9999999999910, 10, 3@Berija999999999999999999999999999999999911

Ber'in999921, 45, 0, @@, 4, 322 !er'ini999999999999999995, 4, , @Bern99999999999999999999999999999999999910@Be$%ará!ia999999, 2, 102, 144 !e$%ará!iai99999999999999999999999999991Be('en 99999999999999999999999999923, 24Be('en?"r<án;99999999999999999923Be%i<en$%ij999999999999999952, 3@

Bi!'ia999999999999999999999999999999999999@@Bin Laden9999999999999999999999999992 !irenani999999999999999999999999999993413BQr: Z"'(án9999999999999999923, 24Bir"da'<i Ban99999999999999999999 !i%("n$á)i *&e%e(9999999999999999124Bi%("n$á)i TanáU$12, 202,

30B"ein) 5599999999999999999342, 34B"ein) 559999999999999999999999999342B"'en9999999999999999999999999999999921B"r"$?U$"<a)2@, 2, 25,2@, 301B"'en9999999999999999999999999999999999120 !"'$e&i$(a@, 23, 2, 2, 2@, 1,10@, 112, 11, 12, 10,1@3, 1@4, 350a)re$$%i: 99999999999999999999999911 !aUi'=$99999999999999999999999999999933);ar<a(" 999999999999999999999911a(a'"<99999999999999999999999999915e';(ar(:99999999999999999999999213



ide"':)ia 9999999999999999999999999921 je'+8e99999999999999999999999999235ara(a'"< 999999999999999999999241Q$+r'e(9999999999999999999999999999310

<a);ará%:99999999999999999999222re>"r<ere999999999999999999999921rend$%ere9999999999999999999999324$%+);en>a'9999999999999999999999322$%'")en999999999999999999999999999233&a$$%i)"r999999999999999999999999322 !"'$e&i%<=$20, 22, 33, @5, 151,212, 213, 22, 23, 323, 3

B"n'an)er9999999999999999999999999999912B"$("n 99999999999999999999999999999999342B"$%nia9999999999999999999999999999999991 !"$%niai 99999999999999999999999999999933B"$%8"r=$%9999999999999999999999999990B"=r!"n"999999999999999999999999999910Bre$%( Li("&$%9999999999999999999991Bre$%(?Li("&$%9999999999999999999955

Bre$%(?'i("&$%i 999999999999999999991Bre%$n;e&99913, 13, 135, 211Bre%$n;e& d"("rina9999999999913@Bri"ni?$%i)e(99999999999999999999999154Bri( Bir"da'"< 9999999999999999999355Br"n$(ein999999999999999999999933, 12Br%e%in$i99999999999999999999999999930@B=da8e$(2, 1, 1, 151, 155,15, 24, 20, 21, 2@, 3@2 !=da8e$(i20, 14, 1, 1,13, 150, 154, 15, 1@0,20, 2@, 21$%a&a%:999999999999999999999999921B=are$( 99999999999999999999999999999215B="&ina99999999, 2, 102, 144



!="&inai9999999999999999999999999999991B=')an;in9999999999999999999122, 130B=')ária5, 3, 4, , @@, @,141, 142, 143, 33@

B=r)en'and99999999999999999999999999923B=$212, 230, 30, 305, 333,3, 3, 30, 34, 3, 3JJarr"' 999999999999999999999999999999999133Jarr"'' =i)'e;9999999999999999999133Jar(er999999999920, 20, 30@, 32@Ja$a!'anUa 99999999999999999999915,

Ua$$=$ !e''i 99999999999999999991, 135Jea=$e$U=9999999999913@, 21, 215Jen(r=< ár(9999999999999999999999244Ja<!er'ain999999999999944, 4, @3Ji'e9999999999999999999999999999999999921Jina("_n99999999999999999999999999315J"rin 99999999999999999999999999999999992J=rUi'', 15, 32, 40, 4, 1,

2, 5, @, 0, @, , 50,51, 5, @3, @4, @, @, @5,@@, 0, , 100, 101, 10,114, 142, 210, 22, 32,30, 35@35JIA@, 13@, 10, 21, 305, 30@,30, 325, 32, 330, 340,35, 3@Jian"99999999999999999999999999994, 3@Ui"ni$(a 9999999993, 24, 321, 3Ji"ni$(a Vi'á)$%*&e($+)999999914Ji8r=$999999999999999999999999999999999121J'e<en(i$999999999999999999999999999910J'e"n99999999999999999999999999133, 3@



J'in("n9999999999999999999999999999999935JOJO-9999999999999999999999999999913@J"'in "_e'99999999999999999999999930U"<<=na99999999999999999999999999999910

J"n$(e''a(i"n9999999999999999999999932J$an) .aj$e9999999999999999999999111J$an) .aj?$e 99999999999999999999993J$an)?.aj?$e999999999999111, 112U$eU$ene999999999999999999999999999933U$e99999991@, 22, 45, 4@, 4, 13U$ee45, 4@, 4, 0, 135, 13@,213, 334

J$e"r$%á) 99999999999994@, 4, 334U$e$%'"&á22, 44, 135, 13@,153, 206'*);<ini$%(er9999999999999910J$e$%'"&áia5, 1@, 22, 43, 44,4, 4@, 2, 2, , 51, @@,@, 103, 11, 13, 135, 13@,142, 154, 11, 205, 21@

U$e$%'"&áiai9999999999999990, 14J$ern;en:9999999999999999999999999211J$":ri Sánd"r999999999999922, 23@J$=ra I$(&án999999999999999999999922J=r%"n?&"na'9999999999999999999999100J%+re B+'a999999999999999999999999999953DD?209999999999999999999999999999999999303Dairen99999999999999999999999999999999910Da'adier999999999999999999999999994, 4Dan: 7erenU 99999999999999999999935Dan%i) 4, 1, 2, , 322, 332dan%i)i99999999999999999999999999999999991Dardane''á999999999999999999999999990Da&id 7=nder!=r 9999999999999913@



Da&id R=88e9999999999999999999999932Da&id Sarn">>999999999999999999999994Da&ie$40, 41, 42, 2, 3, 4,5, 5, 4, , 3@

Da&"$9999999999999999999999999999999999222De Ga=''e 99999999999999999999931, 3@D+'?A>ria9999999999999999999999999932D+'&id+99999999999999999, 5, 144De<ján Sánd"r9999999999999999999223de<"ra(i=$9999999923, 2, 33á''a<9999999999999999999999999999999231á''a<"999999999999999999999999999993

+r(+e9999999999999999999999999999231ad$ere)999999999999999999999999915 já(+$%a!á';"999999999999999935 j")"99999999999999999999999999999914"a'QQUi: 999999999999999999999999931"r<án;%á$9999999999999999999924<:d$%ere99999999999999999999999934na);a(a'<a999999999999999999925

"r$%á)"9999999999999999999999999311&á'a$%(á$999999999999999999999999921%$ar)"n99999999999999999999999999924De<$%; Gá!"r99999999999999999921de8"r(á'á$ 9999999999999999999999999991@2Dien Bien = 99999999999999999999120Dir$en9999999999999999999999999990, 1DISZ999999999999999999999999999123, 11D"!rin;in 99999999999999999999999999913D"!r=d%$a 9999999999999999999999999999D"dd na);*&e( 99999999999999999994D*<*(*r Ti!"r999999999999999999992@4D"na'd Hea(999999999999999999999999@D"ná(999999999999999999999999999999991D"rn!aU A'aj"$99999999999999999230



D"=$$ina)=e999999999999999999999993@0D:%$a G;*r);999999999999999999999153@Dra)=(in Di<i(rije&iU$99999999991

Dre%da9999999999999999999999999999999999D=!Ue99999999999999999999999135, 11d=!'ini 99999999999999999999999999999999100D=dá$ /:%$e>999999999999999999999991D=''e$999999999999999999999999999999999994D=na9999999999999999999999999999999999933@D=ner[=e999999999999999999999999999913E

Ea$( Side9999999999999999999999999999912E);e$6'( Á''a<"5, @, 12, 15,21, 30, 35, 3, 41, 1, 4,0, 1, @, , 50, 53, 5,55, @0, @1, @2, @5, @@, @,2, 3, 4, 5, @, , 102,104, 10, 10@, 10, 110,111, 112, 113, 11, 120,

121, 123, 12@, 130, 132,133, 134, 13, 135, 141,14, 145, 1, 14, 151,155, 1@3, 1@, 1@5, 1@,10, 13, 202, 203, 204,20, 20, 20, 212, 231,23, 21, 22, 23, 24,251, 2, 30, 311, 312,324, 32, 32@, 32, 330,333, 33, 345, 34@, 34,3@, 3, 33, 3, 35,355, 35, 3@0E);i8("<9999120, 1@, 205, 325e);8ár(rend$%er99999999999999@, 3Ei$en"_er130, 131, 134, 143,



1@3, 1@, 11E'%á$% L"(arin)ia99999999999999999913En)e'$9999999999999999999999999999999999911ENSZ112, 131, 153, 1@3, 1@,

1@@, 12, 202, 204, 30,32@, 33, 33, 335, 35,3, 30, 32, 3@E*r$i I$(&án99999999999999999999999991@Erdei999999999999999999999999999152, 15Erd+';999999999, 2, 3, , 142erd+';i9999999999999999912, 21, 31É$%("r$%á) 99999999999999999999999999102

E=r:8a, 10, 14, 21, @0, 12,143, 14, 1@3, 1@5, 21@,23, 25, 324, 33@, 3,31, 355, 3@, 3@, 3@5,3@@, 3@e=r:8ai, 1, 22, 3, 3, 41, @3,0, 104, 10, 12, 135, 140,13, 1, 12, 13, 300,

314, 315, 31, 3@0á''a<" 99999999999999999999, 304 !Qr:$á) 99999999999999999999999999924de<"ráUia99999999999999999999924@á!"r999941, 5, 1, 5, 10a(a'<a9999999999999999999999999993*%(ár$a$á)"9999999999999999935 8iaU"9999999999999999999999999999999 8"'i(ia9999999999999999999994, 145$%Qn&"na'99999999999999999999999913(er<+e 999999999999999999999999251&e%e(99999999999999999999999999999325E=r:8ai Bi%("n$á)i Ér(ee%'e(999999999999999999999999999999913, 13E=r:8ai ni:30, 23, 24, 30@,



313, 3377ara$99999999999999999999999999942, 117ara$ V'a);i<ir99999999999999999942

>a$i$%(a14@, 11, 13, 1@, 10,1, 151, 2re$(a=ráUi:999999999999999999999921>a$i%<=$5, 4, 123, 12, 13,12, 14, 3@, 3@57BI30, 341, 342, 34, 34,345, 34@, 347ED999999999999999999999999999999999999202

7edera' Re$er&e9999999999999999991@@37e+r"r"$%"r$%á)9999999999999999337ee(e .+%999999999999999999999999999917ee(e?(en)er999999999999999999999933@7ee(e?(en)eri99999999999999999999999227e'&id+999999999999999999999999993, 7erenU% 7erdinánd99999999991, 1

>erenU%j:%$e>i 999999999999999999999257ia(a' De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)e999999999999999999999999999999999999999227ide' Ja$(r"99999999999999991@, 1@57ide' Ja$(r:9999999999999999999999991137IDESZ230, 231, 235, 23,241, 245, 2, 25, 255,25@, 25, 2@1, 2@2, 2@3,2@4, 2@, 2@5, 2@@, 2@,20, 22, 23, 24, 2,2, 30, 30, 310, 313,314, 3@2"r<án;9999999999999999999999999237inn"r$%á)99102, 142, 13, [email protected], 3@2



7*'d*%i?(en)er 99999999999999999933@7*'d<P&e'+$i -ini$%(+ri=<14>"rd='a( +&e99999999999999999999999992427"r):$%+'9999999999999999999999999999152

7"r<:%a999999999999999999999999999999112>"rrada'<i10, 1, 21, 10, 12,13, 14, 1, 15, 1@2,204, 21, 23, 300, 32'á%adá$99999999999999999999999999999931>"rrada'"<10, 11, 13, 1@, 20,5, 5@, 1, 111, 112, 11,122, 14, 13, 1@, 1,

10, 13, 14, 1, 1,15, 1@, 1, 150, 152,154, 15, 15, 155, 15@,15, 1@0, 1@4, 1@, 210,21, 20, 22, 305, 325, 3@5i8r"&"á'á$a9999999999999999922>ranUia, 10, 12, 1@, 21, 30, 4,4, , 5, 2, 122, 145,

12, 20 !á!á$"dá$99999999999999999999913 !ir("99999999999999999999999999999910@di8'"<áUia9999999999993, 4@, 0er99999999999999999999999999999999120>ia$:9999999999999999999999999999999911>"';:ira(9999999999999999999999999999)"nd"'"dá$99999999999999999999925);ar<a( 99999999999999999999999999120);ar<a(" 999999999999999999999999@5);ra<a(" 999999999999999999999999ad6);<ini$%(er999999999999999@a8i(='áUi:9999999999999999999999995a("na9999999999999999999999999999999@"<<6n99999999999999999999999999911



"r<án;14, 21, 3, 35, 121,1@"r<án;"9999999999999999999999926'6);<ini$%(+ri=< 999999910

<a)a(ar(á$999999999999999999999931<ar$a''9999999999999999999999999999242<e)$%á''á$99999999999999999999999925na);&á''a'a("99999999999999999931n+8999999999999999999999999999999999999@ 8"'i(i=$" 99999999999999999999999re'á<U+)9999999999999999999999923@$%*&e($+)9999999999999999999999999944

$%*&e($+)e$9999999999999999941, &+de'e<99999999999999999999999999994&e%e(+$99999999999999999999999999999934&e%e(999999999999999999999, 30@7ranUia ."<<=ni$(a ár(99999317ranUia -=ná$8ár(9999999999999911>ranUia9&+de'ranUia?an)"'999999999999999999914, 2

>ranUiá22, 23, 25, 35, 42, 4@,5, 104, 10, 1@, 1@@, 30@,3104007ranUia"r$%á), 5, 13, 1, 15,1@, 21, 25, 30, 32, 3, 41,43, 44, 4@, 4, 4, , 5,@, 51, 52, 54, @2, 2, 3,102, 10@, 120, 121, 145,1, 1@4, 1@@, 23, 332,33, 31, 33, 35@7rane' Le" 99999999999999999999999999107red A9 Le=U(er 999999999999999934176))e('en .i$)a%da ár(14,225, 235, 245, 2



76))e('en .i$)a%da8ár(99999922@7=nder!=r999999999999999999999999913@GG?5 9999999999999999999999999999999999999213

G?@ 9999999999999999999999999999999999999213Ga''=8?in(+%e(999999999999999999999131Gar!ai Sánd"r9999999999999999999999920Ga&ri'" rinUi89999999999999999999991)á%ai9999999999999999999999999999999999934@)á%ai?*&e%e(99999999999999999999999934)a%da$á)i &á'$á)12, 2, 3,14, 203, 204, 213, 233,

31, 333Gen>999999999999999999999912, 120, 202Gen>i "n&enUi:999999999999999993Gen"&ai ."n>erenUia99999999999933Gen$er 9999999999999999999999999999999933@Ger11, 10, 13, 1, 15,1@, 1, 10, 11, 14, 155Ger?!e$%+d999999999999999915, 1@

Gi'!er( 999999999999999999999999995, 3@Gi<e$ -i':$9999999999999999999991G'"!a' Ha_ 99999999999999999999993G*!!e'$ 999999999999999999999999999999994)"de$!er)i99999999999999999999999999994G"<='a999999999999999999999999999991G*nU% Ár8ád231, 244, 24@,2@1G"r!aU$"&12@, 211, 212, 213,2, 321, 323, 324G*r*)"r$%á)999993, 4, 52, 23)*r*)"r$%á)i99999999999999999999999993)"(ai99999999999999999999999999999999999911Grand Orien$ Na);8á"';14,1, 3



Gr:$% .ár"';214, 21, 21@,220, 221, 222, 2GR999999999999999999999999999999999999953G=a<a"99999999999999999999999999999934

G=an(ana<"9999999999999999999999931G=e$de999999999999999999999999999999999911G=))enei<999999999999999999999999933);ar<a(i5, 35, 4@, 3, 3, ,5, @2, @, @5, 0, 1, 2,3, , 5, 124, 11, 13,1@3, 14, 201, 214, 21,21, 22, 30, 312, 351,

35, 35i)a 999999999999999999999999999999999914$"r$99999999999999999999999999999999914@$%"')a'e'P$+)9999999999999999255);ar<a(i rend$%er9991, 2, 134);ar<a("5, 12, 35, @2, @, @5,@, 1, , 10@, 112, 11,120, 121, 124, 12@, 132,

1, 14, 1@3, 1@4, 1@,1@@, 13, 201, 22, 24,305, 33, 35>e'$%a!adQ(á$a999999999999999991$%"Uia'i$(a99999999999999999999999115);ar<a((ar(:99999999912, 2, 11G;ea$%"n"&9999999999999999999999995G;*n);$i /án"$999999999999999914HHáUa 9999999999999999999999999999945, 4@Há)a9999999999999999999999999999999999933á)ai9999999999999999999999999999999999933Há)ai Ne<%e(*%i BQr:$á)933401Ha'der9999999999999999999999999999999999951



Han$ B'i99999999999999999999999999993Hara$%(i -i':$99999999999999999924Harr; H"8in$42, 50, 5, @4,100, 110, 112, 114

Har&ard99999999999999999999999114, 133Ha&a$i 7erenU1, 234, 23,30He)edP$999999121, 11, 12, 3@He)edP$ Andrá$121, 11, 12,155, 3@He);e$a'"<99999999999999122, 14He'$ini99999999999999999999999999999913

He'(ai G;*r);9999999999999999999991@0Hender$"n99999999999999999999999999999Henr; De(er999999999999999999999930@He$$999999999999999999999952, 335, 3@@He;driU999999999999999999999999999999954ide)á!"r0, @5, 10, 11,122, 13@, 11, 1@4, 13,205, 305

Hir"$i<a999999999999999999999@@, 10@Hi( G;6'ee%e(e999999999922, 225Hi('er, 25, 2@, 3, 3, 42, 44,4, 45, 4, 3, 4, , ,5, @, , 0, 2, 4, ,5, @, 51, 52, 53, 54, 5,5, 55, 5@, @1, @, 0, 3,4, 5, @, 10, 11@, 12,141, 143, 15@, 11, 213,21@, 311, 332, 35, 3@,3@, 3@@i('eri, 2@, 2, 4, , @, 101,102, 11@, 143, 332Hja'<ar SUaU(999999999993, 12"''and99999999999912, @5, 31, 30



H"''andia999999999999995, 120, 1@4"''and"99999999999999999999999999991@@H"'';_""d99999999999999999999999999345H"'"Ua=$( R"<ániá!an215,

21@"'"a=$%9999999999999999999999@@, 341"'"a=$%( 99999999999999999999@@, 10@H"neUer999999999999999999999999999921H"n&+de'<i -ini$%(+ri=<991H"8in$999999999999999999999999999999995H"rn G;='a1@2, 255, 25@, 302,30

H"rn?"r<án;999999999999241, 301H"r(;23, 24, 2, , 5, 5@,140, 142, 21@, 24, 311, 351H"r(;?rend$%er9999999999999999999924"r(;$(a99999999999999999999910, 15"r&á(99999999999999999999999999995@, 334H"r&á("r$%á)9999999999999999999999995H"=$e e%rede$9999999999999999999999941

Hr=$U$"&110, 11, 120, 121,122, 125, 12@, 12, 130,131, 134, 13, 13@, 145,14, 13, 1, 14, 1,152, 153, 154, 15, 15,1@0, 1@5, 20, 20, 21, 311r=$U$"&i 99999999999912@, 14, 201H=an99999999999999999999999999999999999993H=''9999999999999999999999999999910, 31H=nnia9999999999999999994, 15, 35H=rriUane99999999999999999999999999999950=(=9999999999999999999999999999999999933;dr")+n !"<!a9999999999999999933III9 Sánd"r99999999999999999999999999999912



IIIbIII999999999999999999999999999230, 304India9999990, 10, 110, 33, 32Ind"Qna999999999999999999999999999999120ind"Qnai99999999999999999999999999999202

Ind"Qnai á!"r 99999999203, 204Ind"n+%ia99999999999999999999120, 33In"n6 999999999999999999999999999999999935@Ira22, 30@, 312, 31@, 32,32, 32@, 330, 331, 332,402333, 34, 3, 30, 31,32, 33, 34, 3

irai32@, 32, 330, 331, 332,334, 3, 31, 34, 3, 3Irán@3, 20, 32, 325, 32@,32, 330, 32, 3iráni20, 20, 325, 32@, 331,33, 33, 32=darU 9999999999999999999999999999330r:$%*&e($+)99999999999999999999999913

i$%'á<20, 325, 32, 334, 34@,32, 3i$%'á< *%(ár$a$á)99999999999999325I%rae'4, 13@, 143, 1@, 215,2@5, 345, 32, 35, 35, 3@5I%rae' Ne<%e(i TanáU$a 4, 35i%rae'i13@, 21@, 2@, 2@, 304,313, 324, 32, 34, 34//aU R=!i999999999999999999999999999920/aU R=!;99999999999999999999999999932@/aU$"n9999999999999999999999999999999995/aU"! SUi>>9999999999999999999999999933 ja"!in=$" j 11



/a'(a 999999999999999999999999999999999999135/a'(ai ."n>erenUia, 10, 145,13/a<e$ Ba<>"rd999999999999999999932

/ani9999999999999999999991, 200, 25 ja8án3, 41, 55, 104, 10@, 111,12, 31, 31, 31)a%da$á)99999999999999999999999993á!"r99999999999999999999999999999941Qr$%er%+$ 9999999999999999999999930i8ar999999999999999999999999999999999333"r<án;99999999999999999131, 31

(á<adá$99999999999999999910, 31/a8án12, 30, 3, 40, 41, 42, 0,@0, 2, 104, 10, 10, 105,10@, 110, 111, 141, 14,1, 201, 32, 332, 34,30, 33, 3 ja8án"9999999111, 1, 34, 31/ean Bar(999999999999999999999999999999922

/e'Uin99999999999999999999999999212, 324 jenani9999999999999999999999999999999999112/e&)enij -9 ri<a"& 99999999305/+%=$999999999999999999999999999215, 22/"n Ha; 999999999999999999999999999934/"n .ee)an99999999999999930, 30/"n$"n9999999135, 201, 32, 33/"rdan RaUe;9999999999999999999999114/*r) Haider99999999999999999999999992/dá$?*$$%e*(99999999999999999913@ j=de"?!"'$e&i%<=$9999999999999935 j=)"$%'á&4, , @, 13, 154,15, 15, 1@0, 2, 334, 33@á''a< 99999999999999999999999999999999/=)"$%'á&ia1@, 4, 3, 4, ,



5, , 50, 52, 122, 13,15, 311, 334, 33, 33@ j=)"$%'á&iai 9999999999994, 5, 33@/=n)er( Arn:(; -iá';5,

3@. .ádár10, 13, 1, 14, 1@,150, 151, 152, 153, 154,15, 1@0, 1@1, 1@2, 1@3,11, 21@, 2@, 311, 3@"r<án;9999999999999999999999999304.ádár /án"$10, 13, 1, 14,

1, 151, 153, 1@0, 1@2,21@, 21, 2@, 2, 32, [email protected])an"&iU$999999999122, 12@, 20.á''ai G;='a9999999999999999999999910.a<!"d%$a999999999202, 204, 205a<iá%e "r<án;999999999999920a<ia%e?"r<án;9999999999999244.ánaán 99999999999999999999999999999992@5

403.anada99999999999999999999999913, 33.a8'an D:ra 9999999999999999933, 12.ara);"r);e&iU$99999999999999999991.arde'j99999999999999999999999999999999154.ar' Lie!neU(9999999999999920, 21.ár"';i -iá';99999999999999920, 21.ár8á(a'ja, 3, 5, @, 102,103, 104, 13.ár8á(?rajna9999999999999999999103ar&a';(e999999999999999999999999924.a$$a9999999999999999999999999999999999995@[email protected], 23, 2@, [email protected]$e<+(9999999999999999999999999922



.e'e(?Ber'in99999999999999999999999911

.e'e(?E=r:8a @, 1@5, 31, 35@e'e(e=r:8ai999999999999999913, 35.e'e(?E=r:8ai5, @, 3, 4, ,

@2, @@, @, 1, , 10, 11,115, 11, 135, 14, 11,14, 13, 1@4, 13, 14,15, 213, 23, 20, 2@,301, 310, 312, 31, 31@,323, 334e'e(n+<e(e999999999999999154, 213.e'e(?N+<e("r$%á)999999999999911

.enned;132, 134, 1@5, 1@@,201, 20, 20, 32ere a$%(a' (ár);a'á$"21,231, 23, 24, 24.eren$%i99999999999999999999999999999933.eren$%ij999999999999999999999999999991.ere$%(+n; De<"ra(a N+88ár(999999999999999245, 2, 25@, 2@4

.ere$%(+n; De<"ra(a ár(235ere$%(+n;$+) 999999999999999999999243

.+('; Anna 9999999999999999999999999225

.GB@, 13@, 15, 214, 21,21, 222, 23, 2, 303,30, 30, 305, 30@, 30.GST 99999999999999999999999999999999931."<eini99999999999920, 325, 32.=n999999999999999999999999999999999999933.i'ián 'a(an;a 999999999999999999915.Qna3, 104, 10, 10, 110,111, 112, 202, 205, 20@,31@, 31, 34, 32, 3@Qnai9999999999, 3, 111, 13@, 202ár=$"99999999999999999999999999999315



.Qnai10, 105, 110, 111, 112,152, 12, 205, 20@, 31@,31, 34, 3@@i8ar999999999999999999999999931@, 333

.Qnai ne);ed 9999999999999999999999315

.Qnai N+8*%(ár$a$á)999999999112

.i$)a%da ár(99999999999999999999992@

.i$$ .ár"';999999999123, 11, 12

.i$$in)er132, 13, 14, 203,204, 22.'a=$ 7aU$999999999999999999999999114.'a=$ 7=rU$9999999999999999999999911

.'e$Uei<999999999999999999999999999311*'U$*n!+r'e(i $%er%d+$950, 55"''a!"ráUi:999999999999999999999999242."<>e'd999999999999999999999999999999992"<<6n9999999999999999999999999910, 11"<<=ni$(a@, 20, 21, 33, @1,0, 111, 112, 11, 122, 11,13, 1, 10, 1@0, 213,

2, 321, 3@á''a<999999999999999999999999999999910Uin"$"99999999999999999999999993@3e''ene$$+)99999999999999999999999231>"rrada'"<999999999999999999999931@);a"r'a( 99999999999999999999999923a(a'<a999999999999999999999999911a(a'"<999999999999999999999999999112a(a'"<á(&+(e' 1@, 210, 31e';(ar(:99999999999999911, 21irán;Q(á$999999999999999999999999993"r<án;99999999999999999150, 24"r<án;"99999999999999999999911404<ini$%(ere'n*99999999999999991



<'(9999999999999999999999999999999921n+%8"n(999999999999999999999999915n"<en'a(ra 999999999999999992*$$%ee$6&+$999999999999999999133

8ár(99999999999999999133, 21, 20 8ár(>=nUi"nári=$999999999993@2rend9999999999999999999999999999999933rend$%er9913, 223, 251, 2@re$(a=ráUi:99999999999999999999991@(e&+en;$+)9999999999999999999935&a%a''=$9999999999999999999999999921&e%e(+$9999999999999999999999999999310

&e%e(9999999999999999999999999991@5"<<=ni$(á111, 112, 14,1, 1@, 152, 224, 24,20, 25, 3@2"<<=ni%<=$, 11, 1@, 22,240, 2@, 2, 322>e'$%á<"'á$a999211, 323, 334a'"dája9999999999999999999999999931@

*$$%e"<'á$a 999999999999999999921.ni)$!er)99999999999999999102, 13."nrád G;*r);999999999999999999922.:n;a á%a$8ár99999999999999999924.:n;a?á%a$8ár999999999999999999244."8áU$i Sánd"r15, 153, 24,2@, 3@5."rea99999999999999999910, 134, 32"reai9910@, 11, 223, 31, 315.*r*$i I<re 999999999999999923@, 304"rrid"r999994, 0, , 322, 332.:$án+ ."&áU$ -a)da999999925."$$=( Rádi:9999999999991@0, 25."$$=( (+r 9999999999999999914, 2@."$%"&: 9999999999999999999999999999933



"=<in(a)999999999999999999999999999993."&áU G9 I$(&án9999999999999999251."&áU$ I$(&án99999999999999999999915."&áU$ Lá$%':9999302, 303, 30

.*&+r Lá$%':999999999999999999999925

.*%e'?e'e(9999999999999999999999999325

.*%e'?.e'e(999999999999999920, 330ri8(""<<=ni$(á 99999999999925.ri$(:>>; I$(&án999999999999999999995.rj=U$"&214, 220, 222, 23,240, 2.=!a12, 112, 113, 132, 1@,

1@5, 205, 34, 31, 32=!ai9999999999999999999113, 1@5, 31.=n B+'a 99999999999999999999999999999920.=rU$a("&999999999999999999999999999113.=&ai(99999999932, 330, 331, 3LLada99999999999999999999999999999999999915Laj(a?*rn;+i999999999999999999999923

Laa("$ á'9222, 2, 304, 30Lai(e'e9999999999999999999999999999922La<"n(?D"er(; Ear(O!$%er&a("r;999999999999999999344La"$%99999999999999999999999999202, 204'a(in 9999999999999999999999999912, 4@, 4La(in?A<eria99999910, 1@, 1@'a(ina<eriai9999999112, 113, 31@'a(in?a<eriai99999999999999912, 1@'a(in?a<eriaia9999999999999999991@'en);e'4, 4, 0, 3, 4, ,, 5, 54, , 100, 101,102, 10, 1, 153, 154, 322'en);e'e3, , 101, 123, 251,31



'en);e'?n+<e(999999999999999999999990Len);e'"r$%á)5, 4, 4@, 4, 0,1, 2, 3, 4, , , 5,2, 3, , @, , 51, 52,

@@, @, 100, 101, 140, 142,144, 13, 334Lenin1, 33, 40, 5, 12, 1@,235, 324Lenin Rend99999999999999999999999999942Le(("r$%á)99999999999999999999999999910240Le=U(er999999999999999999999999999999341

Li!an"n999999999999999999999999999999934'i!erá'!"'$e&i999999999999999999993@1Linder B+'a9999999999999999999999999254Li" Sa"?U$i99999999999999999999999999152Li8$i999999999999999999999999999999999999'i$$%a!"ni9999999999999999999999999999992Li(&ánia9999999999999999999999999999999102Li(&in"&995, @, 104, 13, 35

L'";d Ge"r)e9999999999999999999999992L"e!9999999999999999999999999999999999999933L"nd"n 999999999999999999999999914, 300'"nd"ni1, 21, 44, 4, 0, 1,, @4, 3, 100, 14, 232,300, 302L"r"&iU$9999999999999999999999999999995@L"$ A'a<"$ 99999999999999999999999911L"$ An)e'e$999999999999999999999999342L"$"nU%;99999999999999999999999999991LSA999999999999999999999999999999999999100L=d"&ia9999999999999999999999999999915L=áU$ G;*r);99999999999999999991@0L=e<!=r)9999999999999999999999999995-



-aU%: Á)ne$99999999999999999999992@3-add"9999999999999999999999932, 33<a)ána8i(a'i$(a999999999999999999999@-a)in"(?&"na'999999999999999925, 5

<a);ar15, 21, 23, 24, 2, 4,4, , 5, @, 1, 102, 103,11, 13, 144, 10, 12,13, 13, 1, 150, 152,15@, 1@2, 1@3, 20, 234,242, 243, 21, 24, 2@,25, 2@, 252, 255, 2@,2@, 2, 304, 30, 33,

3@1, 3@3, 3@5adá$ 9999999999999999999999999999999925a'a(99999999999999999999999999999999994á''a<99999999999999999999999999999991á''a<8"')ár 999999999999999999993@4á''a<8"')ár" 999999999999999915á''a8"("9999999999999999999999999353 !an"999999999999999999999999999923@

!e'8"'i(ia 99999999999999999999992@0U$a8a(" 999999999999999999999999999de'e)áUi:99999999999999999999999915d"')"%:999999999999999991, 152e)+$%$+)6);9999999999999999999352+'e'<i$%er99999999999999999999999140e'i(999999999999999999999999999999999922e'(erje$%(+$9999999999999999999924e<!ere999999999999999999999999992e<i)ráUi: 9999999999999999999999912@+rdee99999999999999999999999999923er9999999999999999999999999999999915+r(e'<i$+)ie999999999999999999123+r%e'<e99999999999999999999999991@1e$e<+n;e99999999999999999999991



+((er<e 999999999999999999999999931@>*'d9999999999999999999999999241, 3>"rrada'"<154, 15, 15,155, 15@, 1@0, 1@4, 1@,

21)a%da$á)9999999999999999910, 33@a(ár 99999999999999999999999999999991a(árre&i%: 999999999999999999999992HQr(e'e&Q%i: 9999999999999999999930"%%ájár='á$ 9999999999999999999992i);ee%e(999999999999999999999999992i8ar999999999999999999999999999999999251

+rd+$99999999999999999999999999999132+%999999999999999999999999999999999915"n(in)en$9999999999999999999999312"r<án;, 1, 2, 4, 5,, 143, 14, 14, 1,15, 252, 311, 334"r<án;%a(4, 21@, 23,303

*%<"ndá$9999999999999150, 10*%*n$+) 99999999999999999999999914406'd*(($+)9999999999999999999999915'a"$$á), 14@, 14, 1@2,23, 255, 301, 310<e%)a%da$á)99999999140, 1@4<ini$%(ere'n*995@, 14, 30naUi"na'i$(a 9999999999999999999910na);*%*n$+)99999999999999999994ne<%e(0, 115, 1@, 11,23, 2@, 250, 251, 252n+811, 1@0, 21, 225, 2@,251ne&e999999999999999999999999999999313



n;e'&P 9999999999999999999999999999215 8ar'a<en( 99999999999999999999999350 8ár(9999999999999999999999999999999991 8ár(&e%e(99999999999999999999911@

8iaU9999999999999999999999999999999991@ 8"')ár99999999999999999999999999999220$aj(:9999999999999999999999999999999930$%a!ad$á)arU1, 12@, 154,15$%"<$%+d$á)999999999999999999913$%6'999999999999999999999999999991@4$%=&erini(á$9999999999999999999921

(á<adá$99999999999999999999999999104(ár$ada'"<99999930, 310, 3(e'e&Q%i:99999999999999999999999999223(er<e'+$999999999999999999999999991@(er6'e(9999999999999992, 14, 14@(er6'e(e 9999999999999999999999999994(*<e)e999999999999999999999999991(*re&+$9999999999999999999999999924

(*r(+ne'e<99999999999999999999991@26);9999999999999999999999999999999991@3&á'a$%(:999999999999999999999999314&á'a$%(:*%*n$+)9999999999921&á'a$%(:8"')ár999999992, 23&á<$%er&e 99999999999999999999315&e%e(+$9999999999999999999999999999994&id+ 99999999999999999999999999999911@-a);ar De<"ra(a 7:r=<21,22, 235, 24-a);ar D"')"%: ár(ja121,242-a);ar Le)>e'$!!H"n&+de'<i TanáU$ 999999999-a);ar Ne<%e(999999999999999999304



-a);ar S%"Uia'i$(a -=ná$ár(999999999999999999999999922, 242-a);ar S%"Uia'i$(a ár(99999924-a);ar TanáU$*%(ár$a$á) 9920

<a);ar?an)"' 99999999999999999999999<a);ar", 12, 14, 1,1@4, 1, 313, 31-a);ar"r$%á), 5, 13, 14, 1,1, 15, 1@, 20, 22, 23, 2,4, , 2, 3, , 5, ,53, 5@, 5, @@, @, 1, 103,104, 11, 121, 140, 141,

142, 143, 144, 14, 14,14@, 10, 12, 13, 1,14, 1, 150, 151, 153,154, 15, 1@3, 1@, 10,1, 205, 223, 243, 21,22, 2, 2@, 2@5, 2,30, 30, 30@, 30, 311,32, 334, 33@, 33, 3@, 30

<a);ar"r$%á)i2, 5, @, 104,11@, 11, 123, 135, 141,14@, 14, 13, 1@, 151,152, 154, 15, 15, 155,15, 10, 11, 14, 15,214, 21@, 21, 222, 223,224, 230, 234, 20, 22,25, 23, 25, 21, 2,304, 30, 3, 351, 3@2, 3@3ár=':9999999999999999999999999999915"r<án;%a( 99999999999999999999250$aj(:999999999999999999999999301, 302-a);ar"r$%á)i Z$id:Hi(*%$+)e S%*&e($+)e 25405



<a);ar$á)2, 123, 12, 154,155, 15@, 1@3, 11, 200, 243-aina999999999999999999999999999999999934-a'en"&999911@, 122, 154, 21

-a'+(er á' 9999999999999999915, 15-a'(=$?e'<+'e(9999999999999999999930-and%$=:999999999999999999999999930-and%$=ria9999999999999999910, 111-and%$ria999999999999999999999999930-a" Je?(=n)9999999999999999999999920-a"?Je?(=n) 99999999999999993, 112-ára; Ti!"r999999999999999999999999223

-ar a'<er99999999999999999999999300-ar"$án G;*r);99999999910, 234-ar$Ua':9999999999999999999999999995-ar("n;i /án"$99999999999999999992@1-ar999999999999999999999999999999999999911<ari$(a12, 111, 13, 1@, 30@,3@U$"8"r(999999999999999999999999999922

e);e(e<e9999999999999999999999232(*r(+ne(Qrá$999999999999999999999924%$ar)"n999999999999999999999999999234-a$ar;999999999999999999999999999999991@<á$"di &i'á)á!"r, 5, 12,13, 15, 20, 24, 3, 4, 4,45, 4@, 0, 2, @, 3, 4,, 5, @1, @2, @4, @, 4,5, 10@, 10, 114, 11, 11,115, 120, 124, 12, 12@,12, 133, 134, 13, 142,151, 15, 1@3, 1@, 11,1, 203, 20, 210, 214,215, 22@, 23, 242, 21,30, 305, 30@, 312, 31@,



32, 331, 33, 335, 33,30, 35, 3@, 3@5, 3@@, 30-a(a(ia$ Jar8 9999999999999215, 21@-a($="a99999999999999999999999999999955

-a=(ner9999999999999999999999999999992-a Brei(=n99999999999999999999999933-AZSIHISZ 999999999999999999999925-U .in'e;99999999999999999999999999934-U Na<ara999999999999999999999999932-D7231, 23, 235, 23, 241,242, 243, 244, 24, 24,245, 24@, 24, 2, 25,

2@, 2, 20, 22, 24,2, 2@, 2, 250, 252,25, 25@, 2@1, 2@2, 2@3,2@, 2@, 20, 2, 300,30, 310, 314, 3@2"r<án;9999999999999999999999999252"r<án;%a(999999999999999999999252-D99999999999999999999999999910, 11

-ed);e$i +(er999999999999999999922-ed);e$$; +(er2@, 302, 303,304, 30, 30, 30@<e)$%á'':0, 4, 0, 1, 121,14, 14@, 15, 155, 21,215, 21@, 23, 242, 245,335, 31-ein .a<8>999999999999999999999993@-e$$er$U<i((9999999999999999999999950-iU=n"&iU 9999999999154, 15, 15-IÉ9999999999992@, 25@, 2@1, 2@5-i"ján14, 1, 1, 150,151, 154, 15, 155, 20-i'"$e&iU$9999999999999999992, 33@-"'"("&, 0, 1, 51, 54, 122,



1@1, 20-"narUia 9999999999999999999999999913<"narUi$(a9999999999999999999999999912-"n):'ia999999999999999999999999999910

-"$%ad999999999999999999999999999999934@-OSZAD99999999999999999999999999932-"$%&a21, 23, 5@, @3, 130,132, 133, 14, 154, 15,234, 23, 311, 322<"$%&ai41, @, 5, 5, 4, ,102, 11@, 120, 151, 1@4,211, 223, 224, 21, 324

40@=(a$Q(á$ 9999999999999999999999999992@&e%e(+$999999999999999999999999999911@-"$%&ai .6'6);<ini$%(eri."n>erenUia99999999999999999999103-"$%&iU$ 9999999999999999999999999915-:%e$99999999999999999999999999999999922-SZ-1@2, 214, 21, 221,

22, 225, 22, 232, 23,23, 241, 24, 25, 2@,22, 23, 25, 2-SZ21, 22, 230, 231, 232,235, 23, 241, 244, 24,25, 2@, 20, 21, 24,2, 25, 2@, 2, 252,254, 25, 25, 255, 25@,25, 2@1, 2@2, 2@, 2@5,2@, 20, 21, 22, 23,24, 2, 2, 301, 302,303, 313, 314, 3@2-TESZ9999999999999999999999999999999234-6nUen99999999999999999999999999999991<6nUeni9999999999994, 4, , 54



-6nUeni e);e%<+n; 99999999992-=na 7e'$%a!adQ(á$a J$"8"r(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999912-6nniU9999999999999153, 154, 1@2

-6nniU 7erenU 99999999999999999153-=$$"'ini9999999999999999994, 4, 52 N NáUi%<=$9999999999999999999999999999355 Na)a$%ai999999999999999999999@@, 10@ Na)i!9999999999999999999999999999999999120 Na); 7erenU9999999999999999999999914 Na); I<re11@, 11, 121, 13,

15, 1@, 11, 12, 14,1, 1, 15, 1, 150,151, 152, 153, 15, 155,1@0, 1@4, 223, 20, 21,311, 3@5 Na); S%"&je( S%"Uia'i$(a7"rrada'"<9999999999999999999999955 Na);?Bri(annia9999999999935, 355

Na<ier9999999999999999999999999999999999 Nanin)999999999999999999999999999999993 Nanin)i ."r<án;9999999999999993 Na8:'e"n999999999999999999999910, 310 Na$$%er9999999999999999999999999999999120 NATO10, 121, 130, 13, 12,202, 213, 22, 24, 255,311, 312, 313, 334, 33@,3@, 3 ND.999999999999999999999999999153, 21@ NDSZ999999999999999999999999999999999235 N+);a(a'<i E''enr%Bi%"(($á)999999999999999999999999122n+<e(11, 12, 13, 1, 1@, 1, 20,2, 43, 4, 0, , , 5,



50, 52, 54, 55, @, 2, 3,4, 12@, 12, 131, 13, 140,21, 24, 31, 332, 335,30, 353

aU+'i8ar999999999999999999999999999992@a'a='a("9999999999999999999999999á''a< 99999999999999999999999999999933 !ir"da'"<999999999999999999999999945 !"<!á%á$9999999999999999999999999@4U$a8a("999999999999999, 2, U$"da>e);&er9999999999999999999955e);e$Q(+$9999999999999999999999999324

e);e(e<99999999999999999999999999350e);$+)e 999999999999999999999999993+rdee999999999999999999999999999994>e);&ere 99999999999999999999999141>en;e)e(+$999999999999999999999935@>*))$+)9999999999999999999999999994)a%da$á)2, 2@, 43, 214, 3)"nd"'"dá$9999999999999999999990

adi>")';"99999999999999999999130ad$ere)9999999999999999999993, @ad&e%e(+$999999999999999999999999540aj:999999999999999999999999999999999143a(a'"<999999999999999999999999999322a(ár 999999999999999999999999999999999a(:$á)"99999999999999999999999215Qr$%er%+$9999999999999999999999999951i8ar999999999999999999999999999999999333 j:&á(+(e'999999999999999999999999999925anUe''ár999999999999999999999999930@a("na9999999999999999999999953, 142+rd+$12, 130, 131, 132,134, 13



ere$ede'e<99999999999999999999iad&án;99999999999999999999999999943"nj=(ra999999999999999999999911"n=renUia999999999999999999999933

"r<án;44, 45, 1, 2, 53,5, 102, 130, 131<e)Q&á$999999999999999999999999990<e)$%á''á$ , 142, 21@, 242<ini$%(er99999999999999999999999993<"%)"':dá$99999999999999999999993<=ná$$á)99999999999999999999999931ne<%e(99999999999999999954, @,

n;e'&(er6'e( 99999999999999999999993n;"<á$999999999999999999999999999992"r$%á)r+$%99999999999999999999999214 8ar(ra$%á''á$9999999999999999999999@r""n$á)9999999999999999999999999991$8e='áUi: 9999999999999999999999993$%a!ad<P&e$9999999999, 5$%*&e($+)99994, , 141, 143

(á!"rn"" 999999999999999999999994(á<adá$, 52, 5, 5, 5@,@3, 104(er6'e(9999999999999999999999954, 101(er6'e(e 9999999999999999999999999214(e$(&+r99999999999999999999999999999995(*<e)e99999999999999999999999999992@=(án8:('á$99999999999999999, 13&ár"$999999999999999999999999999999999&e%e(999999999999999999999999999991&i'á)=(a'"< 99999999999999999999995&i''á<á!"r9999999999999999999950&i(a'i(á$999999999999999999999999999992 N+<e( S%*&e($+)i .*%(ár$a$á)99999999999999999999999999999999999999913



n+<e(?an)"'99999999999999999999999999n+<e(e, 21, 44, 4, 5, @,, 3, 4, 5, @, , 50,51, 5, 5, 55, 5@, , 11,

142, 213, 21@, 322, 334, 33@n+<e(?>ranUia99999999999999999999999930 N+<e( -i':$232, 24, 2,302n+<e(?'en);e'999999999999999999999995n+<e(?"r"$%99999999999999999999999912@ N+<e("r$%á), 5, 10, 11, 12,13, 14, 1, 15, 1, 20, 21,

2, 25, 2@, 2, 30, 31, 33,34, 3, 35, 3, 41, 43, 4,4, 45, 4@, 4, 0, 1, 2,3, 4, , 5, @, , 0,1, 4, , @, , 50, 51,52, 53, 54, 5, 5, 55, 5@,5, @3, @@, @, 2, 4, ,5, @, , 101, 102, 104,

10, 105, 114, 11, 121,12, 12, 130, 134, 140,141, 143, 144, 13, 12,14, 1, 201, 210, 213,215, 23, 24, 322, 32,332, 334, 335, 33@, 31,33, 35n+<e("r$%á)i42, 0, , 4,353 N+<e("r$%á)i S%"Uia'i$(a-=ná$8ár( 999999999999999999999911n+<e(?r:<ai 999999999999999999999999925n+<e(?$%"&je(4, , 5, ,@, 51, @4, 100, 101, 114,12



Ne<%e(i Ban99999999999999924, 21410 Ne<%e(i De<"ra(a S%*&e($+)999999999999999999999999999999999999999235

Ne<%e(i .Qna 999999999999999999999112 Ne<%e(i S%"Uia'i$(a ár(92@, 34 Ne<%e(i TanáU$99999999999999999935ne<%e(*%i &a'=(a a'a899999991@@ Ne<%e(*%i Va'=(a A'a8999930 N+8!i%("$" TanáU$a9999999999991 NE?"r$%a 9999999933, 11, 1@ N+8$%*&e($+)99999999999999999999999925

Ne_ Dea'9999999999999999999999999999993 Ne_ "r33, 4, 12, 210,2@4, 33, 344 Ne_?"r99912, 211, 212, 345 Ni"n134, 11, 12, 202, 203,204n"<en'a(ra99@, 2, 2@, 2 N"r(_""d?ad<P&e'e(99999931

n"r&+)999999999999999999999999933, 335 N"r&+)ia999999999999999999999995, 33 NSZ.999999999999999999999999999999999121n=<er=$ U'a=$=$99999999999999999350 N6rn!er) 99999999999999999999999999993@0n6rn!er)i9999999999999999995, @, N;=)a(?n+<e(999999999999999999999214OOdera?Nie$$e9999999999999999999999101"'aj&á'$á)999999999999999999991, 204O'a$%"r$%á)10, 14, 25, 4, ,52, @, 142OEJ 9999999999999999999999999999999991O8enei<er99999999999999999999999911Or!án Vi("r1@2, 25, 255,



2@2, 2@@, 2, 30Or!án?"r<án;999999999999999999310"r"$%5, 11, 14, 1, 20, 10@,11, 133, 140, 210, 213,

30, 323, 33, 3@á''a<8"')ár99999999999999999999304ari$%("ráUia9999999999999999999141 !ere86'+$e999999999999999999999954 !ir"da'"<999999999999999120, 12Uár 99999999999999999999999999999912, 14U$a8a("9104, 153, 21, 30di8'"<áUia9999999999999999999999121

e<!er9999999999999999999999999999915@+rde 999999999999999999999999999999105>"rrada'<ár 9999999999999999999912>"rrada'"<9999999999999999999999995ader 9999999999999999999932, 34ad$ere)99999999999999999999999999955arU"U$i99999999999999999999999999@3a(a'"< 99999999999999999999999999333

e';%e(9999999999999999999999999999324:dQ(:9999999999999999999999999991@3ár(;a999999999999999999999999999999951n+8da'99999999999999999999999999999321"'da'99999999999999999999999999999999954 8"'i(i=$" 99999999999999999999920(an" 9999999999999999999913, 1(i$%(e9999999999999999999999999999915@(i("$$%"')á'a(9999999999999999305(*<e)e999999999999999999999999999933('%á$"999999999999999999999999991526);n**9999999999999999999999999@5&á):Qd 9999999999999999999999999999@&á''a'"%á$99999999999999999999999@1&e%e(999999999999999999911, 12



&i$%"n;"9999999999999999941, 2"r"$%?a<eriai9999999999999999999933"r"$%?n+<e(99999999999999999999999912@"r"$%"14, 1, 4@, 3, 1, 52,

54, 5@, 5, @5, , 105, 10@,10, 111, 112, 122, 124,132, 13@, 10, 152, 153,1@0, 1@, 204, 20, 205,212, 23, 245, 21, 325,33, 33>ia$:ja99999999999999999999999999933411

Or"$%"r$%á)14, 1, 1, 1@, 20,33, 42, 4, @1, 10, 12,210, 213, 254, 30, 33, 3@Or$%á)"$ Vá'a$%(á$i Bi%"(($á)99999999999999999999999999999992@@, 20O$%a<a !in Láden34, 345,34@, 35"$%(rá11, 12, 14, 1, 5, 1,

12, 15á''a<$%er%d+$99999991, 20 8"'i(ia9999999999999999999999999999925O$%(rá Á''a<$%er%d+$121,145O$%(rá -a);ar -"narUia991O$%(rá?-a);ar Á''a<$%*&e($+)999999999999999915O$%(rá?-a);ar -"narUia991@"$%(rá?n+<e(9999999999999999999999943O$%&a'd99999999999999999999999999999991@@ai$%(án99999999999999999999935, 32 8a(=< 231, 244, 24@, 24, 2 8a'e$%(in99999999999999999999999999999934@



a'i$ade$99999999999999999999999999999344ana<a999999999999999999999999999999920 8ári$i999999999999999, 10, 14, 1, 21 !+e$%er%d+$ 99999999999940, @

."<<6n 9999999999999999999999999910ári%$99999999999999999999999999999910, 8ári%$i !+e$%er%d+$121, 150,20 8ári%$i !+e(ár);a'á$" 999999141á(er&ár9999999999999999999999999999999991a=' SU<id( 9999999999990, 55, 5@ear' Har!"r 999999934, 30, 3

enn$;'&ania99999999999999999999999343en(a)"n999999999999999999999342, 34 8ere$%(r"ja 999999999999999999999999213er%$a?*!*'9999999999999999999999999325e$a_ar99999999999999999999999999999345e(ain9999999999999999999999999999999999242+(er Gá!"r9999999999999999999999999234e(>i?*r9999123, 11, 13, 22

e(ra$"&i($ Anna99999999999999999225inUa$ 7ine'$(ein9999999999999305ir"$ Lá$%':999999991, 155, 15'a8$iU$9999999999999999999999933, 335'ean"&999999999999999999999999999999912 8'"e$(i9999999999999999999999999999999999953"nUi=$9999999999999999999999935, 3@0 8"r"$%?>ranUia9999999999999999913, 14"r( ArU!"r999999999999999999999999910"r( 7a=nd999999999999999999999999991@"r( Said999999999999999999999999999991@ 8"r(=)á' 9999999999999999999999999999999912"r(=)á'ia 9999999999999999999992, 35@ 8"r(=)á'" 999999999999999999999999991@"$(a!an 99999999999254, 25, 2@2



8"($daerenUia@@, ,100, 101, 103, 105, 145"%nan99999999999999999999999999999999123

"%$)a;10, 214, 221, 222,224, 22, 22"%$)a; I<re10, 214, 222,22rinUe("n 9999999999999999999999999999114rinUe("ni 999999999999999999999999999133rinU% Gá!"r99999999999999925, 2@2 8ri&a(i%áUi:2, 21, 24, 2,

250, 300, 310=er(" RiU"999999999999999999999999934 8=>ajá$"999999999999999999999999991@4=rd=e 9999999999999999999999999999999934=(;in 99999999999999999999999999999999930=i)'e; Jarr"'99999999999999999999114=i$'in)999999999999999999999999999999995

412R RaU%;n$i999999999999999999999999999990Rad: -'ádiU$ 999999999999999999933Rad"&án .arad%$iU$9999999999933Ra:99999999999999999999999999999999999995@Raj Lá$%':9999999999999999910, 13Rá"$i11@, 11, 14, 10, 11,1@4, 224, 22, 233, 24,2@, 310, 30, 3Randa''999999999999999999999999999999999Ran"&iU 9999999999999999999999999999154Ra8a'':i S%er%d+$99999999999999934Ra$id A!= Sa!a999999999999999934@Ra;na=d99999999999999999999999999999999



Rea)an 13@, 212, 320, 321, 32@re>"r<"<<=ni$(a999999999999924re>"r<?"<<=ni$(á9999999999230ReiU 9999999999999999999999999935@, 35

ReiU!an999999999999999999999999999992@ReiU$!an9999999999999999999993, 5rea8i(a'i%á'á$99999999999999999999920R+&a; 999999999999999999999999911, 1@Re%a a'a&i20, 21, 32,325, 32, 33, 33Ri!!en(r"899999999999999999999995, 55R"d S<i(9999999999999999999999999993

R:<ai Bir"da'"<9999999999999999999R:<ai S%en($%+9999999999999999241r"<án2, 53, 54, 13@, 142,143, 12, 13, 153, 21,215, 21@, 305, 31"'aj 999999999999999999999999999999999140(i("$$%"')á'a( 999999999999999912R"<ánia5, 1@, 22, , , 1,

2, 53, @@, @, 102, 13@,142, 143, 144, 12, 154,11, 215, 21@, 311r"<án"1@, , , 143, 15,213, 31R"n er!er999999992@, 2@5, 313R""$e&e'(5, 15, 3, 35, 40, 41,42, 2, 4, , 4, @, 50,5, @3, @4, @, @, @5, 0,2, 3, 4, , , 101, 10,10, 110, 111, 112, 114,11, 120, 124, 134, 11,155, 32, 30, 31, 35,35, 35, 3@, 3@@R"$en!er)?á%a$8ár 999114, 11



R:%a L=e<!=r)99999999999920, 21r=andai99999999999999999999999933, 34R=d"'> 9999999999999999999999999912, 3@@R=d"'> He$$9999999999999999335, 33@

R=nUi<an9999999999999999999999999999944R=$%i a%a999999999999999999999912S$a20, 20, 32, 325, 32@,33, 33Sain(?)er<ani9999999999999999999999925Sa'a<"n Lá$%':99999999999999999924SALT?I99999999999999912, 202, 203

SALT?II999999999999999999999999999999202SUaU(9999999993, 4, , 5, @SUe''en!er)9999999999999999954, 3@@SUr*der99999999999999999999999999999994SU_ea(9999999999999999999914, 145Se8i'"& 9999999999999999999999999999999122Se;$$?In[=ar(9999999999999999999999995SQi(a999999999999999999999999999999999999325

S"da?<P&e 999999999999999999999994@S"<"%a9999999999999999999999999999999204S"8ie J'and999999999999999999999934@$"r(P%9999999999999999999999999999999999241$8andani 99999999999999999999999999999335$8an;"'12, 2, 1@, 1@, 34,35$8an;"'"9999999999999999999999999991@S8an;"'"r$%á)99999999999934, 35@S8i(>ire999999999999999999999999999999999950S(a>>"rd Jri88$9999999999999999999102413S(ar ad<irá'i$9999999999999999999999@S(e8en Ear'; 9999999999999999999999942S("U"'<99999999999999999999999999910@



S(ra$$!"=r)999999999999999999999999924S(ra$$enrei(er Er%$+!e( 999999910S=<ner e''e$ 999999999999999999999$&ájUi1, 24, 3, 4, 10, 1@,

233, 250S_ia(':9999999999999999999999999999999910S%a!ad De<"ra(á S%*&e($+)e22, 230, 235,20, 2S%a!ad E=r:8a999914, 13, 25S%a!ad G;*r);99999999999244, 24@$%a!ad &á'a$%(á$"@, 0, 24,

245, 24, 301, 30, 354$%a!ad<P&e$, 5, 11, 14, 1,15, 1, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,33, @, 0, 50, @, @@, @,5, 142, 14@, 14, 1, 11,15, 1@0, 1@3, 210, 21,21, 215, 223, 224, 22,20, 2, 33, 3, 35

a);(r*$%(9999999999999999999999999214 !anár"99999999999999999994, 1@5 !ará($á)9999999999999999999999999913@ !ea&a(á$99999999999999999999999999243 !ea&a("(($á)9999999999999999999923@ !e>"';á$99999999999999999999999999993 !Qr:$á)999999999999999999999999999999@ !"'$e&i%<=$99999999999999999999151er*'U$*999999999999999999999999142e$69999999999999999999999999999999925>e);e'e<999999999999999999999999921@>e'6);e'e(999999999999999999999999304)"nd"'"dá$999999999999930, 143a(a'"<4, @, @, 204, 234,23, 253, 320



"r<án;9999999999999999999999999321"r<án;%a(999999999999999999999305*%8"n(99999999999999999999999999930*%&e(Q(+$99999999999999999999999311

6'6);<ini$%(er99999999999999995'")ia 99999999999999999999999999999143n:d$%ere999999999999999999999992*$$%e>6))+$e 9999999999999999125 8á"';99999999999999999999911, 2 8á"';"9999999999999999999992, 3$%er&e%e(999999999999999999999999999(er&999999999999999999999999999999999993

(er&e%99999999999999999999@0, 305(e$(&+re99999999999999999999999991@2j &i'á)rend9999999999999999999999@&e%e(+$999999999999999999999999999913&e%e(99999999999999999999999999913&i'á)a(a'"<9999999999923, 310&i'á)"r<án;99999999999999999992%$id:99999999999999999999999999999990

$%a!ad<P&e$e1, 1@, 25,31, 0, 4, 12, 210, 212,21, 30$%a!ad<P&e$$+), 10, 1,20, 31, 32, 5, @, 4, 104,11, 20, 21, 223, 251,252, 25, 30, 3@0a<eriai 999999999999999999999999999@U+'ja99999999999999999999999999999999995&i'á)a(a'<a999999999999999999924%á$%':$aj:9999999999999999999999940$%a!ad$á)arU1, 12@, 132,1@, 13, 1, 152, 154,15, 1@1, 221, 222, 223,22, 241, 21, 2@, 351



S%a!: I&án99999999999999999999999999244S%a!: R:!er(999999999999999999999910S%adda< H=$$%ein2, 32@,330, 331, 3, 30, 33

S%addá< H=$$%ein999999999999993S%aa'in9999999999999999999999990, 10S%aa'in?$%i)e( 9999999999999999999990S%anedrin99999999999999999999999999215S%araje&:9999999999999999999999999999991414S%ad?Ará!ia9999999999999999999999331S%ad?ará!iai999999999999999999999934@

SZDSZ22, 230, 231, 235,23@, 23, 241, 244, 245,24@, 24, 2, 20, 2,2, 25, 2, 252, 254,25, 25@, 2@1, 2@5, 2@,20, 21, 22, 24, 314, 3@2S%+e';?>*'d 9999999999999999999999999S%+e$>e+r&ár 99999999999999999991

S%e=ra(+999999999999999999999999999912S%en( S%*&e($+)9999999999999999999911S%er!ia1, 1, 15, 1@, 22, 3,334, 33S%er"&99999999999999999999999999999999915S%.999999999999999999999999999122, 14$%'á& 99914, 1, 4@, 4, 1@0, 334S%'"!"dán -i'"$e&iU$ 9999999933S%'"&áia 45, 4, 143, 21@, 311S%"Uiá'de<"ra(a -=ná$8ár(9999999999999999999999999999999999999999911$%"Uia'i$(a@, 11, 21, 41, , 5,@2, 110, 1@4, 11, 204, 20,21, 323, 33á''a<" 99141, 1@, 212, 32



!aje&er+$99999999999999999999991 !+e(á!"r999999999999999999999999111 !Pn* 999999999999999999999999999991Uin"$"99999999999999999999999993@3

>"';a<a("$$á) 99999999999999991@2>"rrada'"<99999999999999999999991@)a%dá'"dá$9999999999999999999931)a%da$á)9999999999999999999999999322);ar<a(" 99999999999999991, 115a(a'"<999999999999999999999999999241e';(ar(:99999999999999999999999154ide"':)ia 9999999999999999999999993@

ará< 99999999999999999999999999999991"r<án;%a("9999999999999999920n"<en'a(ra 9999999999999999923*n8=UU$999999999999999999999999993@"r$%á)"9135, 11, 301, 322 8ár(9999999999999999999999999999999992@ 8ár(>e);e'e<999999999999999999232rend$%er99999999991, 301, 321

$aj(:99999999999999999999999999999999351(á!"r9999999999999999999999913@, 10(an" 99999999999999999999999999999913(ár$ada'"<9999999999999999999999323(*r&+n;99999999999999999999999999911&á'$á)9999999999999999999999999999911&a%a''=$"999999999999999999999915&i'á)rend99999999999999999999999924&Q&<án;"1@, 151, 15,1@1, 205, 21, 233$%"Uia'i$(a );ar<a(!ir"da'"<99999999999999999999999999999999999999999$%"Uia'i%<=$, 2, 113, 11,1, 233, 22, 253, 320,322, 323, 324



a):niája9999999999999999999999999931a8"$("'ai99999999999999999999999992e<!erarU 9999999999999999999999135$%"Uiá''i!erá'i$9999999999999999999930

$%"'n"i99999999999999999999999999999915$%"&je(5, 0, 4, , 2, , 50,53, 5, 5, @0, @3, @, 101,112, 114, 14, 1@, 1,152, 153, 155, 1@1, 1@2,211, 213, 214, 21, 21@,235, 241, 20, 21, 251,303, 323, 3@5

a)re$$%i: 99999999995@, 1@3, 33a'a((&a':9999999999999999999999999999@1a'a( 999999999999999999999999999999915@á''a<inU$(ár99999999999999999910á''a<8"')ár99999999999999999999304ár<ádia 9999999999999999999999999933a("<!"<!a 99999999999999999999113 !aje&er+$9999999999999999999999205

!ea&a("%á$9999999999999999999911 !e>"';á$999999999910@, 10, 11241 !eerQ(+$e9999999999999999999999920U$a8a(i&"ná$99999999999999999151U$a8a("2, , 123, 142,14, 145, 14@, 14, 11,15, 10, 1, 150, 151,152, 153, 14, 224, 301,310di(a(ra9999999999999999999999999212e);$+)e99999999999999999999999991e''enr%+$9999999999999999999999923e'&(ár$a99999999999999999999999991e<!ere99999999999999999999999999105



+rde$%>+ra999999999999999999999135er 999999999999999999999999999999991>e);&ere9999999999999999213, 32@>e);&ere%+$ 99999999999999999920

>e);&er%e(99999999999999999999999205>e'á!"r"dá$999999999999999999910>")$á)9999999999999999999999999999915>adi$%á''á$999999999999999999915@>"r)a(:*n;&999999999999999999231>&ár"$ 999999999999999999999999999120)a%da$á)9210, 211, 320, 323);a"r'a( 9999999999999999999999991@

);á<"dá$999999999999999999999991á!"r 999999999999999999999955, 114ader0, 131, 14@, 15,245, 320adi>")$á)9999999999999999999999995adi=(a(á$999999999999999999999320ad$ere)115, 14, 310, 32,33

arU"U$i999999999999999999999911a(a'"<9999999999999999999999999999933a(a<i &i$%á'; 9999999999999999123Qr$%er%99999999999999999999999994Qr&er+$999999999999999999999999999131P!+rr99999999999999999999999999911i)a%)a(á$9999999999999999999999999242i''e(+e$e 999999999999999999999914in(er&enUi:9999999999999999999999135in&á%i:999999999999999999999999999932a("nai >e'&"n='á$99999999999954ere$ede'e<99999999999999999912i6rQ(+$ 999999999999999999999999999151"''a!"rán$9999999999999123, 14"r<án;9113, 131, 1@, 13



6'd*(($+)99999999999999999999999156'6);<ini$%(er99999999999999990'a"$$á)99999999999999999999999999993@<a)a(ar(á$99999999999999999999999954

<e)á''a8"dá$ 9999999999999999999<e)>")a'<a%á$ 99999999999999135<e)$%á''á$24, 4@, 1, 11,13, 140, 143, 14, 10,350<e)$%á'':9999999999999999999999923na);a(a'"<99999999999999999999912na);*&e(999999999999999995, 153

na);*&e($+) 9999999991@, 150"'aj=(a99999999999999999999999991*&e%e(9999999999999999999999999999914 8aranU$n"$á)99999999999999999951 8ár(99999999999999999999999999999999920 8ár(>(i(ár 99999999999999999999913 8ár("'i)arUiá9999999999999991@ 8ár(&e%e(+$ 99999999999999999999914

8"'i(i=$ 999999999999999999999999915@ra+(á99999999999999999999132, 1@5rende%+$ 999999999999999999999999911rend$%er9999999999999999999999999910re86')+8 9999999999999999999999915@re86')+8e99999999999999999999995@re("ria999999999999999999999999999135$aj(:9999999999999999999999999999999913$e)Q($+)99999999999999999991@, 30$%er%d+$99999999999999999999999999@3$%*&e($+)999999999944, 141, 30$%=r"n;"9999999999999991@4, 245(á!"rn"99999999999999999999999999953(á<adá$ 999999, 1, 100, 101(á<ad: ader999999999999999910



41(anáU$ad:9999999999999999999999991(anáU$ad:99999999999999993, 113(an" 999999999999999999999999999915

(ár);a':99999999999999999999999915(er&9999999999999999999999999999999999953(er&e%99999999999999999911, 14(i("$rendr$+)99999999999999911(i("$$%"')á'a( 9999999999999999305(*r(+n+$%999999999999999999999999999526);n** 99999999999999999, 31='(i<á(=<99999999999999999999999992

&a%a''=$9999999999999999999999999922&+r!e>"j(á$999999999999999999999911&e%+rar99999999999999999999999999152&e%e(+$11@, 11, 134, 13,13, 1, 1@0, 232, 23&e%e(99999999999999999999999999999211&e%e(11, 152, 15, 21,3

&i$%"n;"999999999999999999999992%$"n)'r*999999999999999999999924S%"&je( ."<<=ni$(a ár(999150$%"&je(?a>)án999999999999999999999932$%"&je(?a<eriai113, 120, 121,12, 202, 321, 325$%"&je(?an)"'999999999999999999999913$%"&je(e''ene$ 9999999@5, 13, 11$%"&je(?ja8án 9999999999999999999999104$%"&je(?Qnai9999999999999999999999910$%"&je(?n+<e(, 5, @, ,51, 52, @4, 12 8a(=< 999999999999999999999999999101$%"&je(?"r"$% 9999999999999999999999305S%"&je(=ni:5, @, 1@, 3@, 3, 40,



41, 42, 43, 44, 4@, 4, 0,2, 3, 4, 5, , 0, 1,, @, , 51, 54, 5, 5,55, 5@, 5, @1, @2, @3, @4,

@, @5, @@, @, 0, 3, ,, 5, @, 100, 101, 102,103, 104, 10, 10, 105,10@, 10, 112, 113, 114,11, 11, 120, 121, 122,123, 12, 12@, 12, 130,131, 132, 13, 135, 13@,141, 144, 14, 145, 14@,

14, 1, 1, 11, 13,14, 1@, 150, 151, 153,154, 15, 155, 15, 1@2,1@3, 1@, 1@, 1@5, 1@@,1@, 10, 11, 12, 13,14, 1, 1@, 1, 201,202, 203, 204, 20, 20,205, 20, 210, 211, 212,

213, 21, 222, 234, 23,21, 22, 24, 2, 2,251, 2, 304, 312, 31,31, 320, 323, 324, 32,32, 330, 33, 33, 345,33, 3@, 30, 35, 35, 3@5S%(á'in5, 34, 40, 41, 42, 2, 5,, @, 51, 52, 53, 54, 5,55, 5, @1, @3, @4, 0, ,, 100, 101, 102, 104, 10,10, 105, 10@, 10, 110,111, 114, 115, 11@, 120,122, 12, 125, 12@, 142,145, 14, 15, 201, 20,31@, 35, 35, 355, 3@



S%(á'in)rád 999999999999999999999999999$%(á'ini111, 11, 122, 1@1, 1@3,20S%PU$ -i':$9999999999999910, 15

S%=dán9999999999999999999999999999999934@S%=d+(a?&id+1@, 43, 44, 4@,103, 332S%=e%i?U$a("rna 999999999999999999120$%=e%i?6); 9999999999999999999999999912@S%=riU 99999999999999999999999999999999999S%=$%'"&14, 1, 1, 150,151, 15, 155, 20

S%=&"r"& 99999999999999999999999999999953415TTad%$i"99999999999999999999999999931Taj&an9999999999999999999999999112, 12Ta<á$a L:ránd9999999999999999915TánU%"$ Gá!"r999999999999123, 12Tarai 999999999999999999999999920, 325

Tár$='( Ha(a'<a99999999103, 104Ta$%ár99999999999999999999999999999999933(ai$!'"ád 999999999999999999999999923(eeráni55, 10, 10, 124, 20,325, 32@(eeráni "n>erenUia99999999999124Teeráni ."n>erenUia, 145,35Te'ei á'999999999999999999999999, 5Te'ei?"r<án;999999999999999999992Te<8$9999999999999999999999999999999999945Ten) H$%ia"?8an)999999999999999205(er<e'$%*&e(e%e(e 911, 14(i!e(i999999999999999999999999999999999999132TiU"nder")á99999999999999999999999932



Ti'd;99999999999999999999999999999999999152TQ<ár G;*r);99999999999999999999922@Ti<"$en"9999999999999999999999999935Ti$"99999999999999999999999999999999999999945

Ti$%a I$(&án 9999999999999999999915, 21Ti(:122, 143, 13, 1, 154,15, 15, 1@0, 3@5T"U$i9230, 254, 25, 255, 2@2T"U$i -ár(a 999999230, 25, 2@2T"U$i?6);9999999999999999999999999925T+$ Lá$%': 999999999999999999999921(**'i 999999999999999999155, 15@, 15

T"nini Ha(ár"%a(99999999999999933("nini inUiden$99999999999999999932T"nini?*!*'9999999999999999999999932T"n; B'air 99999999999999999930, 34T"r);án99999922@, 2, 25@, 25T"r);án /:%$e>22@, 22, 2,25@, 2@2, 2@3, 2@4T*r*"r$%á)999999999914, 23, 35@

(%$deraU9999999999999999999999999993Tra!an( 999999999999999999999999999999915Trian"n99999999999, 5, 104, 334(rian"ni22, 23, 24, 4, , 2,140(rian"ni !+edi(á(=<99999999999(rian"ni !+e8aranU$999999999999923(rian"ni di(á(=<99999999999999999922(rian"ni (ra=<a 99999999999999999999924Tr"Uij9999999999991, 33, 12, 12(r"Ui$(a99999999999999999999999999999910Tr=<an@5, 0, 100, 101, 105,10@, 111, 112, 134, 30@, 3@T=''en 99999999999999999999999999999999914T6r<er G;='a99999999999999999999922



TP%"'(: =(Ua9999999999999999999999991@T;i"n"&99999999999999999999999999991?2 999999999999999999999130, 131, 132

j &i'á)rend3, 4, @, 32,33, 3j?7=n'and 999999999999999999999999999@4j8+(eri E'e<+r999999999999999999992j8+(eri E'e<+r999999999999999999992rajna99999999999999999999999995, 315<an$%i9999999999999999999999999999994ni(ed Air'ine$99999999999342, 343

SA4, 112, 133, 11, 31,330, 34, 336(*% á''a<"9999999999999999999999956(*% %:na 999999999999999999, 106(*%%:na 999999999999999999999999999@@VVá'a$%(á$i Bi%"(($á) 9999999999920Var$:99999999999999999999999999999999993@4

&ar$:i99999999999999999999991, 2, 213&ar$:i $%er%d+$99999999999999999921Var$:i S%er%d+$110, 13, 1,153, 155, 12, 202, 2241@Va$ Z"'(án999999999999999999999999991@0Vá$áre';i -i':$999999999999991@0V+)&ári /:%$e>99999999999999999999230VereUei99999999999999999999999999999104Ver$ai''e$9999999999999999991, 3, 52&er$ai''e$i di(á(=< 99999999999999ViU;9999999999999999999999999999999999995Vie(na<10@, 120, 134, 202,204, 205Vie(ná<999999999999999999999999999999120



&ie(na<i10, 11, 13, 201,202, 205, 32, 33&i'á)!an99999999999999999999999999991@@&i'á)=ra'"< 99999999999999995, 4@, 5

Vi'jana 'a8$iU$99999999999999999933V"'")"n"&999999999999999999@, 3@@V"n a8en99999999999999999999999999995V*r*$ J$e8e'99999999999999999999993@3V*r*$ J$i''a) Tra("r);ár9911V*r*$ Had$ere)1, 20, 34, ,5V=an999999999999999999999999999999999993

&=ani9999999999999999999999999999999999939T9J99999999999999999342, 343, 344a>di$(999999999999999999999999999999935@a'd"r> T"r"n;999999999999999999133a'd"r>?("r"n;9999999999999999999211ar!=r)9999999999999999999999999999999933ar(!=r) 999999999999999999999999999915

a$in)("n15, , 105, 130,132, 321, 35_a$in)("ni999999999999999913, 30_a(er)a(e?6);99999999999999999999912a(er)a(e?6);99999999999999999999203ei$ 99999999999999999999999999999999999992er<aU(9999999999999999999999944, 51e;)and 999999999999999999999999999999@i''i Brand(99999999999999999999999930@i'$"n9999999999999999999915, 40, 1@5"n?"nn) .i<9999999999999999344VI9 Laj"$9999999999999999999999999999999 ."n)re$$%=$99999999122, 14



;enani999999999999999999999999999999999111ZZa!r"=$;99999999999994, 35, 35Zá"n; 99999999999999999999999122, 14

Zdene -';nár9999999999999999999135Zi&a(ar999999999999999999999999999999999952%$id:20, 33, 4, 11@, 1, 1@,1@0, 1@2, 20, 215, 223,25, 30@, 35á'd"%a(9999999999999999999999999999341á''a<8"')ár"9999999999999999143 !anár" 9999999999999999999999999920

!an" 99999999999999999999999999912 !an&i'á)99999999999999999933, 23@ !e6(+$999999999999999999999999999992U$a'ád"9999999999999999999999999141e''ene$9999999999999999999999999999350>")a'<a99999999999999999999999999225>"rrada'<ár 99999999999999999999113á% 10

Documents

Hernádi Tibor a rendszerváltás igaz története.doc