Nng cao hiu qu hot ng qun l, bo v mi trng

Nng cao hiu qu hot ng qun l, bo v mi trng

ti cc khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh.n nay trn a bn tnh c 13 KCN vi tng din tch 3.684,6ha c Th tng Chnh ph chp thun a vo Quy hoch tng th pht trin cc KCN c nc, trong c 03 KCN i vo hot ng, tip nhn d n u t, bao gm:

- KCN Ph Ni A: do Cng ty Qun l khai thc KCN Ph Ni A lm ch u t, giai on I c quy m din tch 390ha, i vo hot ng t nm 2003, n nay tip nhn 114 d n u t, t l lp y t 80,5%; giai on m rng c quy m 204,8 ha ang c ch u t tin hnh cng tc n b, gii phng mt bng.

- KCN Dt may Ph Ni (thuc KCN Ph Ni B): do Cng ty C phn pht trin h tng Dt may Ph Ni lm ch u t, giai on I c quy m khong 25,17ha, i vo hot ng t nm 2004, tip nhn 11 d n u t, t l lp y t 100%; giai on II c quy m 94,34ha, ch u t ang tin hnh san lp mt bng u t xy dng c s h tng k thut KCN.

- KCN Thng Long II (thuc KCN Ph Ni B): do Cng ty TNHH KCN Thng Long II lm ch u t, giai on I c quy m din tch 219,6ha, i vo hot ng t nm 2009, n nay tip nhn 32 d n u t, t l lp y t 71,22%; giai on m rng c quy m 125,6ha ang c ch u t tin hnh cng tc bi thng, gii phng mt bng.

- KCN Minh c: do Cng ty c phn pht trin h tng VNT lm ch u t vi quy m 198ha, hin ti do ch u t h tng KCN cha c bn giao t nn cha trin khai u t xy dng c s h tng k thut KCN. Ti KCN Minh c c 22 d n u t c UBND tnh cp php v cho thu t trc khi thnh lp KCN, vi din tch t cho thu l 38,7ha, t 28,5% din tich t cng nghip co th cho thu ca c KCN.

Cc KCN cn li cha i vo hot ng, hin ti cc ch u t h tng KCN ang thc hin cng tc lp quy hoch chi tit v bi thng, gii phng mt bng. Trong s cc KCN ang hot ng ch c KCN Minh c do ch u t cha c bn giao mt bng nn cha th u t h tng k thut cng nh cc cng trnh bo v mi trng. Cc KCN cn li u c cc ch u t h tng tp trung xy dng cc cng trnh bo v mi trng theo ng quy hoch. Qua cng tc bo v mi trng ti KCN trong thi gian qua c nng ln r rt, gp phn gim thiu cc tc ng gy nhim mi trng mc d s d n i vo hot ng ngy cng tng.

1. Hin trng hot ng x l cht thi v cc bin php bo v mi trng khc ti cc KCN:

1.1. X l nc thi:

1.1.1. Ti KCN Ph Ni A: Ch u t h tng xy dng cng trnh x l nc thi tp trung giai on I, cng sut 3.000m3/ng.. v lp t h thng quan trc t ng i vi cc thng s c trng (nh pH, DO, TSS, COD) theo di cht lng nc thi u ra ca h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN. Hin ti trong KCN c 95 d n ang hot ng vi tng lng nc thi pht sinh vo khong 8.800m3/ngy m (c nc thi sinh hot v nc thi cng nghip), trong :

- C 77 d n trong KCN c u ni thu gom nc thi vo h thng chung v c x l ti nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN vi lu lng khong 2.000m3/ngy m.

- Nc thi ca 02 d n l Cng ty TNHH Pulppy Corelex Vit Nam, khong 5.500m3/ngy m, v Cng ty CP u t pht trin cng ngh ru bia NGK H Ni, khong 1.000 m3/ngy m, p ng iu kin c min tr u ni theo quy nh ti Ngh nh s 88/2007/N-CP ngy 28/5/2007 ca Th tng Chnh ph v thot nc th v KCN, c x l bng h thng x l nc thi ring v c php x thi trc tip vo mi trng.

- Cn 16 d n, vi lng nc thi pht sinh khong 300m3/ngy m, ch yu l nc thi sinh hot, cha u ni vo h thng thu gom, x l chung ca KCN m do cc ch d n x l bng h thng x l nc thi ni b trc khi x thi ra ngoi mi trng. y l cc d n nm trong s 29 d n c UBND tnh Hng Yn cp php u t trc khi thnh lp KCN.

Theo bo co kt qu quan trc nh k nm 2011, v 06 thng u nm 2012 ca ch u t h tng KCN th nc thi sau khi qua nh my x l nc thi tp trung t Quy chun QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT, ct B trc khi x thi ra ngun tip nhn. So vi nm 2010 th tng lng nc thi trung bnh/ngy m tip nhn v h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN, cht lng nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l, ti im x thi ca KCN trn sng Bn l tng i n nh, t dao ng, cc ch tiu u t quy chun cho php. Tuy nhin, cht lng mi trng nc mt ti khu vc KCN c s thay i so vi nm 2010, theo kt qu quan trc nm 2011 ca KCN Ph Ni A th mi trng nc mt, trn sng Bn V X l ni tip nhn nhiu ngun nc thi, c thng s BOD5 vt 1,43 ln gii hn cho php, thng s COD cng gn xp x gii hn cho php ti QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v cht lng nc mt, ct B1.1.1.2. Ti KCN Dt may Ph Ni: Ch u t xy dng cng trnh x l nc thi tp trung giai on vi cng sut 10.000m3/ngy m, c cng ngh x l c th cho ngnh dt nhum, may mc, nn nc thi ca cc d n trong KCN khng phi x l s b m c thu gom trc tip v nh my x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN x l. Hin ti, trong KCN c 11 d n ang hot ng vi tng lng nc thi pht sinh vo khong 1.550m3/ngy m, trong khong 1.500m3/ngy m c x l ti h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN; cn lng nc thi sinh hot khong 50m3/ngy m pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca 03 d n cha thc hin vic u ni trit vo h thng thu gom chung ca KCN, c cc ch d n x l s b ri x thi ra ngoi mi trng. Do lng nc thi thu gom v h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN l qu t so vi cng sut nn khng m bo cho cng trnh vn hnh thng xuyn, lin tc.

Theo bo co kt qu quan trc nh k nm 2011 ca ch u t h tng KCN th nc thi sau khi qua nh my x l nc thi tp trung t Quy chun QCVN 24:2009, ct B trc khi x thi ra ngun tip nhn. Trong nm 2011, tng lng nc thi trung bnh/ngy m tip nhn v h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN tng ln so vi nm 2010, cht lng nc thi sau khi qua h thng x l, ti im x thi ca KCN trn knh Trn Thnh Ng l tng i n nh, cc ch tiu u t quy chun cho php. 1.1.3. KCN Thng Long II: Ch u t xy dng cng trnh x l nc thi tp trung giai on I, cng sut 3.000m3/ngy m, v lp t h thng quan trc t ng i vi cc thng s c trng (nh pH, DO, TSS, COD) theo di cht lng nc thi u ra ca h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN. Hin ti, trong KCN c 19 d n i vo hot ng, pht sinh ch yu nc thi sinh hot vi tng lng nc thi trung bnh l khong 300m3/ngy m, v u c thu gom v h thng x l nc thi tp trung ca KCN x l. Tuy nhin do lng nc thi cn qu t so vi cng sut nh my x l nn khng m bo cho cng trnh x l nc thi tp trung vn hnh thng xuyn, lin tc. Theo cc bo co kt qu quan trc trong nm 2011 ca ch u t h tng KCN th cc thng s trong nc thi sau khi x l u t QCVN 24:2009, ct A trc khi x thi ra ngun tip nhn.1.1.4. KCN Minh c: Do ch u t h tng KCN cha c bn giao t nn cha th xy dng cng trnh x l nc thi tp trung. Hin ti c 22 d n, c cp php u t trc khi thnh lp KCN, ang hot ng trong KCN v hu ht ch pht sinh nc thi sinh hot vi tng lng pht sinh vo khong 300m3/ng.. Nc thi ca cc d n ny u c x l bng h thng x l nc thi ni b trc khi x thi ra ngoi mi trng. Qua kt qu quan trc mi trng nh k nm 2011 ca 06/22 d n gi v Ban Qun l cho thy, hu ht cht lng nc thi pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca cc d n u t Quy chun trc khi x thi ra ngoi mi trng. Tuy nhin do cha c h thng thu gom, x l nc thi tp trung nn vic kim sot cht lng nc thi u ra ca tng d n l kh khn.

1.2. Thu gom, x l cht thi rn v loi hnh nhim khc:

1.2.1. Cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi: Ti KCN Ph Ni A tng lng cht thi rn (sinh hot v cng nghip, bn thi) pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca cc doanh nghip vo khong 32.000 tn/nm, tng lng cht thi nguy hi pht sinh vo khong 2.300 tn/nm; S lng tng ng ti KCN Dt May Ph Ni l 158 tn/nm + 108m3/nm, v khong 26 tn/nm; Ti KCN Thng Long II l khong 147,8 tn + 250m3/nm, v khong 109 tn/nm; Ti KCN Minh c l khong 224 tn/nm, v khong 19 tn/nm.

Trong cc KCN trn a bn tnh, hin ti ch c ch u t h tng KCN Ph Ni A thc hin vic thu gom, vn chuyn cht thi rn (rc thi sinh hot v cht thi cng nghip) pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng ca cc d n trong KCN, tuy nhin lng thu gom ny l khng nhiu. Cc cht thi nguy hi v cht thi rn pht sinh trong qu trnh hot ng u c cc doanh nghip t chc thu gom, phn loi ti ngun v ch yu trc tip k hp ng vi n v c chc nng vn chuyn v a i x l theo quy nh.

1.2.2. Kh thi, ting n: mc , ti lng pht sinh kh thi ti cc KCN trn a bn tnh ty thuc vo c th ngnh ngh sn xut ca tng d n, tp trung ch yu vo cc d n sn xut thc n gia sc, dt nhum, may mc (kh thi t l hi), sn xut c kh (kh thi t cc l hi hoc l luyn)Ty theo lnh vc sn xut mi doanh nghip c bin php x l ring ngay ti ngun pht thi nh trng cy xanh, lp t h thng ht bi, mi, trang b bo h lao ng cho cng nhn.

1.2.3. Trng cy xanh ti cc KCN: Cc ch d n u t vo cc KCN, cc ch u t h tng KCN trn a bn tnh, khi a KCN vo hot ng u m bo dnh din tch trng cy xanh m bo t l theo quy nh.

Qua kt qu quan trc ca cc ch u t h tng KCN, ca cc ch Doanh nghip trong KCN trong nm 2011, 06 thng u nm 2012 cho thy cht lng mi trng khng kh, ting nti cc KCN trn a bn tnh hu ht u t tiu chun, quy chun cho php, ngoi tr v tr quan trc gip vi ng Quc l 5 ca KCN Ph Ni A, gip ng Quc l 39 ca KCN Dt may Ph Ni do l ni giao ct giao thng v qua li ca nhiu loi phng tin vn chuyn trong v ngoi KCN nn c mt s thng s (bi, ting n, CO, SO2, NO2) vt tiu chun, quy chun cho php. ng thi trong KCN Ph Ni A trong thi gian va qua cn c Cng ty TNHH MTV thp Ha Pht x bi, kh thi gy nhim mi trng, nh hng n cc doanh nghip xung quanh.

2. nh gi chungCng vi s pht trin nhanh ca cc KCN trong giai on va qua, s lng d n u t i vo hot ng ngy cng nhiu, th lng cht thi pht sinh t hot ng sn xut ca cc d n u t cng tng ln rt nhanh. Ngun cht thi ny l mt nguy c ln nh hng n mi trng nu khng c qun l cht ch. Vi s u t ng b v c s h tng, v s tng cng cng tc qun l, cng tc bo v mi trng ti cc khu cng nghip trn a bn tnh c ch trng v ngy cng hon thin hn. Nht l sau khi Chnh ph ban hnh Ngh nh 29/2008/N-CP ngy 14/3/2008 Quy nh v khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, v khu kinh t, v B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ban hnh Thng t 08/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 15/7/2009 Quy nh qun l v bo v mi trng khu kinh t, khu cng ngh cao, khu cng nghip v cm cng nghip, trong quy nh c th nhim v quyn hn ca Ban Qun l cc KCN i vi cng tc bo v mi trng, th cng tc qun l nh nc v mi trng ti cc khu cng nghip c trin khai thc hin cht ch v hiu qu hn. Qua , tnh trng gy nhim mi trng ca cc d n u t c kim sot, khc phc tng bc, vic thu gom, x l cht thi pht sinh ti cc KCN c ch trng thc hin v tng bc i vo n np, m bo ng quy trnh, quy nh. Tuy nhin trong qu trnh thc hin, cn nhiu Doanh nghip ang hot ng trong cc KCN trn a bn tnh cha chp hnh tt cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng. Mt s vi phm in hnh nh: - Hot ng qun l cht thi rn, cht thi nguy hi cha trit . Mt s doanh nghip cha thc hin y cc yu cu v phn loi cht thi rn ti ngun; kho lu gi cht thi cha m bo quy nh, mt s doanh nghip cn cht thi nguy hi ngoi tri.

- Cn mt s doanh nghip hot ng t lu nhng cha thc hin cc th tc v lp Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, Cam kt bo v mi trng, hoc n bo v mi trng theo quy nh. Hu ht cc doanh nghip khng thc hin ng quy nh v lp, nim yt K hoch xy dng cc cng trnh bo v mi trng, rt t doanh nghip c xc nhn hon thnh xy dng cng trnh bo v mi trng trc khi i vo hot ng chnh thc.

- Vic u ni, thu gom nc thi ca cc doanh nghip cha trit : KCN Minh c cha c h thng thu gom, x l nc thi chung; Ti KCN Ph Ni A cn khong 16 d n u t trc khi thnh lp KCN cha c u ni vo h thng chung, mt s doanh nghip cn u ni sai quy nh, khng tch ring h thng nc thi v nc ma; KCN Dt may Ph Ni cn khong 03 d n cha thc hin u ni nc thi vo h thng thu gom nc thi chung ca KCN x l.

- Vic thc hin cc quy nh v quan trc nh k ca cc Doanh nghip cn thiu ng b, cht lng cha cao, cn mang tnh i ph. Mt s Doanh nghip khi thc hin vic quan trc li khng gi bo co kt qu quan trc v Ban Qun l cc KCN. Trong nm 2011, mi ch c khong 66/130 d n; 06 thng u nm 2012 mi c khong 45/139 d n i vo hot ng gi bo co kt qu quan trc mi trng nh k v Ban Qun l theo quy nh ca php lut.

- Cn mt s doanh nghip cha kim sot, x l trit kh thi, gy nh hng n mi trng nh Nh my Phi thp ca Cng ty Thp Ha Pht, nh my cn thp ti KCN Ph Ni A.

Tn ti mt s vi phm nh trn l do mt s nguyn nhn chnh sau:

Th nht, thc t gic chp hnh php lut ca cc doanh nghip cha cao, nhiu ch doanh nghip cha thc s nm r cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng, cha hiu ht trch nhim, ngha v v cc cng vic phi thc hin khi trin khai d n u t.

Th hai, Cc cng ty h tng KCN Ph Ni A, Dt May cha qun l cht ch hot ng u ni ca cc doanh nghip trong KCN vo h thng h tng chung, nht l i vi cc doanh nghip u t vo giai on u mi thnh lp KCN. B my t chc lm cng tc bo v mi trng ti cc KCN, cng nh phng tin hot ng cha c kin ton v hot ng cn thiu kinh nghim.

Th ba, Cng tc qun l Nh nc cn thiu cht ch, thiu ng b. Thi gian va qua mi ch ch trng kim sot vic thc hin cc th tc lp, ph duyt Bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng, Cam kt bo v mi trng, Quan trc, theo di mi trng khi d n i vo hot ng. Khu theo di, kim tra thc hin vic u t xy dng cc cng trnh bo v mi trng theo cam kt cn t v cha thc s c hiu qu; S phi hp gia cc c quan qun l nh nc cha thng xuyn.

Th t, Hot ng thanh tra, kim tra cha p ng c yu cu thc t. X l vi phm cha mang tnh rn e. Mc d c quy nh yu cu cc doanh nghip trong cc KCN c cng trnh x l nc thi tp trung phi u ni nc thi vo h thng thu gom chung, nhng cha c ch ti x l c th, nn trin khai thc hin cn kh khn. Bn cnh cn mt s cc doanh nghip cha chp hnh nghim v cc hnh thc x pht b sung, khc phc cc vi phm, nhng khng b x l nghim, dt im dn n tn ti ko di.

3. Mt s cng vic cn tp trung thc hin nng cao hiu qu hot ng qun l v bo v mi trng cc KCN lm tt hn na cng tc bo v mi trng ti cc KCN trn a bn tnh, trong thi gian ti, Ban Qun l cc KCN cn tp trung trin khai thc hin mt s cng vic c th sau:

- y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn, ph bin php lut n cc doanh nghip, nhm nng cao thc t gic trong thc hin cc quy nh v bo v mi trng trong cc KCN.

- H tr v thc y cc ch u t h tng KCN lm tt nhim v bo v mi trng trong cc KCN: u t v vn hnh thng xuyn cc cng trnh bo v mi trng ca KCN; Theo di, gim st hot ng ca cc nh my trong KCN, kp thi pht hin v phi hp x l cc trng hp vi phm, gy nhim mi trng; Cng c, kin ton b phn chuyn mn lm cng tc bo v mi trng ti cc KCN, v u t trang thit b cn thit phc v cho hot ng.

- Thc y hon thnh vic u ni thu gom nc thi ca cc doanh nghip trong KCN Ph Ni A theo ng quy nh, nht l cc doanh nghip c nc thi cha nhiu cht c nguy c gy nhim cao. thc hin dt im vic u ni ca cc doanh nghip u t trc vo h thng chung theo quy nh, cn c s phi hp cht ch vi S Ti nguyn v Mi trng lm r v c ch ti bt buc cc doanh nghip thc hin.

- R sot cc i tng phi xc nhn hon thnh cc cng trnh bo v mi trng trc khi i vo hot ng chnh thc hng dn cc doanh nghip thc hin ng. Nhng doanh nghip khng thc hin cn phi hp cc c quan tin hnh thanh tra, x l theo quy nh.

- y mnh hot ng gim st vic xy dng cc cng trnh bo v mi trng ca cc doanh nghip theo ng cam kt. Trong c quan qun l nh nc phi phi hp vi cc cng ty h tng KCN thc hin gim st cht ch ngay t khi ch u t trin khai xy dng cng trnh, nht l i vi cc cng trnh ngm phi m bo theo ng thit k. Phi kt hp vic gim st hot ng xy dng theo quy hoch v gim st vic xy dng cc cng trnh bo v mi trng.

- Phi hp vi cc c quan chc nng y mnh cng tc thanh tra, kim tra hot ng bo v mi trng ca cc doanh nghip. X l nghim, trit i vi nhng trng hp gy nhim mi trng, khng chp hnh cc quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng.

- Tp trung xy dng c s d liu v mi trng ca cc KCN, a vic theo di, nh gi tnh hnh bin ng mi trng ca cc KCN qua cc nm i vo n np v c hiu qu hn, phc v tt cho cng tc qun l nh nc./.