Upload
lexuyen
View
223
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
HISTOLOGIE DU
SYSTÈME NERVEUX
Pr. Ag. Hatem Elghezal
Support pédagogique illustré relatif au cours:Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
I - Introduction• Le système nerveux se définit par la fonction de
communication
(propriété de percevoir, de traiter, de stocker et de
transmettre l’information)
• Il est composé de :
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
ganglions
terminaisonsnerveuses.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
II – Le système nerveux central
encéphale
moelle épinière
méninges
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
1 - Le cerveau
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
La substance blancheClic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Le cortex cérébral (pallium)
archipallium
néopalium
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Archipallium:
phylogénétiquement très ancien
surtout olfactif ou rhinencéphale
deux aires :
- à cellules réceptrices étoilées.
- à cellules effectrices pyramidales.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Néocortex: myéloarchitectoniecytoarchitectonie
plexus d’Exner
strie de Bechterew
Strie ext.de Baillarger
strie int.de Baillarger
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
couche moléculaire
couche granulaire externe
couche pyramidale externe
couche granulaire interne
couche ganglionnaire
couche des cellulespolymorphes
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Le cortex associatif homotypique :
La majorité du cortex
Les 6 couches sont harmonieusement réparties
Le cortex agranulaire :
Effecteur
Les couches 2 et 4 renferment de nombreuses cellulespyramidales
Le cortex hypergranulaire :
Récepteur
Les cellules étoilées occupent les couches 3 et 5
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
hétérotopies de
substance grise
agyrie /pachygyrie
Lissencéphalie
délétion du gène LIS-1
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
2 - Le Cervelet
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
vermis médiandeux hémisphères latéraux
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
a - Le cortex cérébelleux
La couche moléculaire
La couche ganglionnaire
La couche granuleuse
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
La couche moléculaire
enchevêtrement de fibresnerveuses
petits neurones multipolaires
cellules en panier
La couche ganglionnaire
cellules de Purkinje
la couche granuleuse
Cellules à grains
cellules de Golgi type II
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
b – les noyaux gris profonds :
noyau du toit
noyaux interposés
noyau dentelé
c - Les fibres afférentes :
fibres moussues
fibres grimpantes
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
3 - La moelle épinièreClick t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
canal épendymaire
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
la substance blanche trois cordons :
Antérieur: voies descendantes motrices.
Latéral : voies ascendantes d’association.
Postérieur : voies ascendantes sensitives.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
La substance grise
cornes : antérieure, dorsale et médio latérale
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Les cellules multipolaires de la corne antérieure sont desmotoneurones.
• Axones racine ventrale nerfs rachidiensfibres musculaires.• Dendrites neurones relais + neuronesd'association.• La dégénérescence Amyotrophie spinaleproximale.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
a- corne dorsale.
b- corne médiolatérale.
c- corne antérieure.
d- racine dorsale.
e- racine ventrale.
f- ganglion rachidien.
g- ganglionprévertébral.
h- nerf rachidien.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
a - STRUCTURE DES MÉNINGES
La dure-mère : Pachyméninge
L'arachnoïde
La pie-mèreLeptoméninges
4- Méninges et liquide céphalo-rachidien :Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
La dure-mère :
Espace sous-dural
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
tissu conjonctif fibreux
cellules mésenchymateuses aplaties
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
L'arachnoïde : système de trabécules
fines fibres de collagène
quelques fibres élastiques
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
La pie-mère : un réseau serré de fines fibres
de réticuline et de fibres élastiques
cellules mésenchymateuses aplaties
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
b- Le liquide céphalo-rachidien :
Plexus choroïdes ventricules 4ème ventricule espace sousarachnoïdien villosités arachnoïdiennes.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
épithélium épendymaire
Les plexus choroides
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
La ponction lombaire se fait dans l’espace sous arachnoïdien.L’anesthésie épidurale se fait dans l’espace épidural.
Espace sousarachnoïdien
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
II - Le système nerveux périphérique
1 - Les Ganglions nerveuxCellules ganglionnaires
cellules capsulaires
ganglions rachidiens /
ganglions autonomiques : pré vertébraux
viscéraux
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
2 - Les NerfsClic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com
3 – les Terminaisons nerveusesLa terminaison nerveuse est l'extrémité d'un neuritedans un organe périphérique.
Elle est sensitive lorsqu'elle est le début d'unedendrite.
Elle est motrice lorsqu'elle est la fin d'un axone.
Click t
o buy NOW!
PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com Clic
k to buy N
OW!PDF-XChange
www.docu-track.com