27
اﺬورΟ ϴΑόϟ اΑΘϟ Μϳﺤﺪϟ ا: ϟ اϨδϤϟ اϦϣ ﺰمΠϟ ا˴ ΤϟﻮاΑ اϦϳϟ اόγ ΐ - ϒϟϤϠϟ χϔΤϣ θϨϟ اﻮقϘΣ - ˴ﺮوكΑ ϴϠ آ. ﻮركϳϴϧ Ϩϳϣ όϣΟ ϣϘϣ ϊΘϤϣ وϢϣ ϲΜΤΑ ﺮوعθϣ ϴΑόϟ اΑΘϟ اﻮلλ اγ درا، ﻬﻮϓ ϓ ϲΨϳﺄرΗ ﻮعοϣ βϴϟ ςϘ . اذﻮرτΗ γ درا انΑΘϟ اﻜﺎη اϟ اϴΑόϟ اﻬﺎϠΒϘΘδϣ ϦϴϣΘϟ ϣ هﺎﻮةτΧ ϲ هϨﺮاهϟ اﻬﺎϟ . ϓ ϴϟϓόϤ ﺪىϣ وϴΨϳﺄرΗ ϴΑόϟ اΑΘϟ اϞϋϔΗ ﻮمϴϟ اﻮرهﺎτΗ Ϡϋ ﺮةΛϤϟ اΜϳΤϟ اﺎتϳΤΘϟ واϞϣﻮاόϟ اﺎبόϴΘγ واϢϔϟ ϤϠϣ ϼϣϋ ﻜﻮنϳ انϦϤϳ ﻬﺎτϴΤϤΑ . Ϟواϻ اϲϣϼγϻ اϢϟόϟ اﺎءϤϠϋ ϒϠΘΧ اﺪةϳϋ ﺮونϘϟ ΑΘϟ اθϨϣ Ϡϋ ϢΗϓϼΘΧ ا انϻ اﺔ،ϴΑόϟ اΖϧ آﺎϩ هﺬγγ اﻮلΣ ϳ هﻮϴΑόϟ اϞΒϘϟ اϲΘϟ اϻ اوﻬﺎΘϣΨΘγ ا. ΦϳﺄرΗ ﻮعοϣ Βμϳ Ϣϟ وΑΘϟ اοϣ ϴΑόϟ ا˱ ϋϠϟ ﺪمΘΤϤϟ اﺎشϘϨ όΑ ϻ ا ان اﺎرتη ϟ اﻮشϘϨ ΜϳΣ ϔθΘϤϟ اϴϣ ﺁراϠλ ϟ اϴτΒϧ . ﺮةΜ آϢϏ ورϦϟ وΐΘϟ واتϻϘϤϟ ا هﺬϲϓ ﻮعοϤϟ ا ا اﻮم،ϴϟ انϻ اϨϣ ϳόϟ ا ﻬﺎΖϔΘ اآ، ﺪونΑ γ درا ا وϞϴϠΤΗ ، ϴϴΑورϻ اϦϴϗθΘδϤϟ اﺎتΟΘϨΘγ اﻜﺮارΘΑ θϋ ϊγΘϟ اﺮنϘϟ اϲϓ Ϧ ϴϨΒϤϟ اϠϋ Ϡϗ Ϧϣ ϠϴϠϗ ϟ اﻮشϘϨ ϟ اϳΠΤ انϦϣ ΑΘϟ اϴΑόϟ اΖϧ آﺎϗ ϴτΒϨϟ اϴϣراϵ اϦϣ ﻮرتτΗ . ،ϞϴϠϘϟ اξόΒϟ ا آﺎدون،ϣ ϲϠϋ ϤΤϤ πϓ ر ﻮا اϩ هﺬΘϨΘγϻ ﺎتΟ. اذϘΘόϳ ﺎدونϣ ϨδϤϟ اΑΘ آϦϣ ﻮرتτΗ ΜϳΤϟ اϴΑόϟ اΑΘϟ ا انϤϳϘϟ اϴΑόϟ اϣϘϣ ﻚ،ϟ ذϦϋ οϋ ، όΘϤϣ وﺎدةΟ تϼϴϠΤΗ Α Ϥϋϣ ϞϴλϔΘ ﻮرةμϣ ϵ ϴϟ هﺬاϟ اτΘ ر. 18 ϻ ا انتϻϘϤϟ واΐΘϟ اϦϣ ϳόϟ اﻮمϴϟ ا، واϲΘϟ Η Ϣϟ ﺮأي،ϟ اϩσθ ﺪمϘΗ ايγ دراϴϤϠϋ ا وϼϴϠΤΗ تϠϳΑ Ϣϋϟ ﻬﺎΗοΘϓ ا. Ϥϟ اϩ هﺬϲϓ ϟϘ ، ϴΑόϟ اΑΘϟ اﻮرτΗ Ϟϻ دϦϋ ﻮمϴϟ اϨϳϟ ﺮةϓΘϤϟ اﺎتϧﺪوϤϟ واﻮشϘϨϟΑ Ϥϋϣ ﺮةμΘΨϣ γ دراﺪمϘϨγ ΌϴΑ ϲϓ ϳΠΑ اϨδϤϟ اϴΑόϟ ا. ﻮفγ Ϧϟ ﺮضόΘδϧ Ο ϟ اϊϴϤ ϘϨ شϞϴμϔΘϟΑ ، ϦϤϣ ϴϏ ϟϓ Βϋ γ دراﺮةμΘΨϣ . ϻ اϨϧ اΖϗϟ اβϔϧ ϲϓ وﻮفγ ϧ Ϧϟ ﺪمϘ ϟ اﺎتϳψϨ ﻮمϴϟ اﺪةδϟ اﻬﺎΑ ϢϠδϣ ϘϴϘΤ آϞϴϠΤΗ دونγ ودراϴϓ وا. Α ϓοϻﺰةϴΟ وθϗϨϣ ϟ اϟ γ ﻮم،ϴϟ اϩϓΘϤϟ اﻮشϘϨϠ ϟ آﺬﺎولϨΘϨ γ دراϲΘϟ اϣﻬﺎϟ اϞϣﻮاόϟ ا اΣ σ Ζ Α دةϻϟ اﻜﺎلη اﺮوفΤ ϴΑόϟ اϻ اϟ و. اذ انΒϨΘϟ اΑ ﻮلλϩ هﺬϋ ﻜﺎلηϻ اΒ γ دراﻮشϘϨϟ اϦϣ ϞϴϠϗ ﺪدϋ ϻ انϦϤϳ ϳ Ϟθ ϩΣϟ ϴΠϨϣ ϴϓ آﺎϴﻬﺎϧ ﺎتΟΘϨΘγ اصϼΨΘγϻ . Ϥϧ اγ دراϲϐΒϨϳ اﺎقϴγ ϦϤο ϴΑόϟ اΑΘϟ اﻮلλ ϟ اϖϘΤϟ اϴϨϳ وϻ اϴϋϤΘΟ وϴϓﺮاϐΠϟ اﺪةδϟ اﺬاكϨϴΣ ϲϓ ϻ اﺮقθϟ اϘτϨϣ ςγ وϢϳϘϟ ا. ϻ اﺮقθϟ اϲϓ ϟوϻ اﺎتϳΠΑϻ اγ وϻ اϟ اوϠϋ ﻮرΜόϟ اϢΗ Ϙϟ ﻜﺎلη ϴϓΤϟ اϳΠΑϻ ˳ ϣ ϴΑόϟ اﺮةϳΠϟ اϲϓ ، ϴϓ ϤΑ ﻬﺎΐϴμΨϟ الϼϟ ا، Ϩϣ ϲϓ ﺮقη Ϙτ ςγΘϤϟ اξϴΑϻ اΤΒϟ اόϗﻮاϟ اϦϴΑ ϦϳﻬﺮϨϟ اϦϴΑϣ دϼΑ ) ΜϳΣ ﺮاقόϟ ا( μϣ و. ϢΗ وﺎعΟ ارϻ اϩ هﺬΦϳﺄرΗ ﻜﺎلη ϴϓΤϟ ا و اϴϤδΗ ﻮنμΘΨϤϟ اﻬﺎϴϠϋ ϖϠσ اϲΘϟ ϴϧόϨϟ اϪϳΠΑϻ اϞΒϗ θϋ ϊΑﺮاϟ اﺮنϘϟ اϟ ادϼϴϤϟ ا. وϘΘόϳ ϣ ﻬﺎϧ اϘΘθ ﺮوفΣ Ϧϣ Ϩϴγ θϨϣ ذاتϴ ﺮيμϣ . وϗ Ϡϋ ϦϴμΘΨϤϟ اϴΒϟϏ ϊϤΟ ا انϳΠΑϻ اϴϧόϨϟ اϲ هϲδϴϟ اϒϠδϟ اϢψόϤϟ ﺎتϳΠΑ ا اϟ ϢϳϘϟ اϢϟό . 36 ϖΣϻ Ζϗ وϲϓ وﺎءϤϠόϟ اϒθ آϦϋ πϳ اϟ Ϟϻ دϳΠΑ اﻮدΟ اﺮىΧ اϣ هﺎϣΨΘγ ﻮنϴϧόϨϟ اϓ ϲ ϩ هﺬϘτϨϤϟ اϴϓﺮاϐΠϟ الϼΧ وϴΨϳﺄرΗ ϠΣϣ ΑﺎرϘϣ ، ϻ اϲ وهϳΠΑϻ اϴΘϳﺎرϏوϻ اϟ ΖϳﺎرϏ أوϨϳϤ ϴΨϳﺄرΘϟ اόϗﻮاϟ اﺮبϗ راϤη س ةϳﻮرγ ﺎلϤη . ϗ وϣΨΘγ اΖ ϴΘϳﺎرϏوϻ اϳΠΑϼϟ ϦϴτϤϧ : ϳΠΑ اϠϳσ ϧﻜﻮϣ ϣ Ϧ 30 ϳΠΑ واϓΣ ﺮةϴμϗ Ϧϣ 22 ϓΣ . اϣ اϴΘϳﺎرϏوϻ اﺮوفΤϟ اﻜﺎلη ﻬﺎόϴϤΠϓ ﻜﺎلη اϳﺎرϤδϣ Η ΐΘ ϦϴϤϴϟ اϟ اﺎرδϴϟ اϦϣ ΒϟϏ . βϴϟ وόΑ Το واΖϧ آﺎ اذاϣ ϴΘϳﺎرϏوϻ اϳΠΑϻ ا ϴΗ ˲ϒ ϲϠη Χ ﺎصϟ ϳΠΑϼ ϴϧόϨϟ ا ا مϳΠΑ اϘΑγ ﻬﺎϟ τΒΗϣ ϟ اςΨϟΑ ﺎريϤδϤ ϟ ϦϴΑ ϣ دϼΒ ϦϳﻬﺮϨϟ ا. 36 ϻ Βϋ ϨϨϤϳ γ دراϟ اﻮشϘϨ انϧ ﺪدΤ وﺮورةπϟΑ ϗ ودϖϠτϣ ϦϴϘϴΑ Ϡϣ آﺎﺎتϳΠΑϻ اﻮءθϧ ΦϳﺄرΗ ϤϳϘϟ ا. اذϻ ϦϤϳ Βϋ ﺎجΘϨΘγϻ اϠϴϠϗ ﻮشϘϧ ﺪودةΤϣ وΦϳﺄرΗ ﺪأΑ ˳ ϳΠΑ اϣ . ϟ اϦϣ Ϫϧ اϴΑ Ϥ ϦϤ Α ﺮاضΘϓϻ اﻮلΒϘϣ Ϟθ ϟ اﺎداϨΘγ ا

History of the Arabic Script

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