CHNG II SAN XUAT AXIT SUNFURICGiang vien chnh Thac s : Vo Th Bch Lam

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Muc tieuHieu c y ngha va tam quan trong cua axit sunfuric, trang b cho giao sinh tiem lc e chuan b giang day tot bo mon HH THCS.

Sinh vien nam chac c s l thuyet cua moi giai oan san xuat axit sunfuric nh : Cac phan ng HH, ieu kien thch hp cua cac qua trnh san xuat.

Hieu nguyen tac van hanh , cau tao cua thiet b phan ng, s o day chuyen cong nghe san xuat axit sunfuric.

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Noi dung:1. Nguyen lieu cua san xuat axit sunfuric2. San xuat kh SO23. Tinh che kh SO24. Oxi hoa SO2 bang xuc tac V2O55. Phng phap Nitro hoa.6. Hap thu SO3.

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Nhng nguyen lieu nao c s dung e san xuat axit sunfuric?

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Cac hp chat cha lu huynh khac nh: kh SO2, H2STra li1. Nguyen lieu san xuat H2SO4Lu huynh: Day chuyen san xuat n gian, chu yeu cac nc co mo lu huynh.

Quang pirit: Chu yeu la FeS2. Thanh phan trung bnh cua quang chiem 40-50% lu huynh. VN, quang pirit ngheo, chiem 15%, nen phai nhap khau t nc ngoai.

Thach cao: Thanh phan chnh la CaSO4. khan. Thach cao va e san xuat xi mang, va san xuat H2SO4

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2. San xuat kh SO22.1. San xuat SO2 t lu huynhS + O2 ot SO2 < 0Phan ng xay ra nhanh va hoan toan 12000C.

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2.2. San xuat SO2 t H2S.H2S + 3O2 ot chay2SO2 + 2H2O, H < 0.ay la phng phap kinh te nhat, nhng kho khan trong viec tinh che SO2.

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2.3. San xuat SO2 t pirit sat.

FeS2 2FeS + S2(hi) ; H > 0.S2 +2O2 2SO2. H < 0.4FeS + 7O2 2Fe2O3 + 4SO2 H < 0.

4FeS2 + 11O2 2Fe2O3+ 8 SO2

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Cau hoi thao luan 1Da vao ban chat cua quang pirit sat va cac qua trnh hoa hoc tren hay cho biet c s l thuyet va cac ieu kien k thuat can thiet e san xuat SO2?

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Quang pirit trc khi a vao san xuat c lam sach va nghien nho vi kch thc phu thuoc cau truc cua lo ( lo tang soi la 2 -5 mm; lo bi cheo 6 -8 mm). Nhiet o: - Luc au can cung cap nhiet cho phan ng. - Sau o phan ng toa nhiet, nhiet o cao se lam nguyen lieu nong chay ket khoi . Nhiet o thch hp khoang 600 -8500C, cao nhat khong qua 10000C. Dien tch tiep xuc gia nguyen lieu va khong khQua trnh ot pirit trong khong kh la qua xay ra trong he ong the. V vay kch thc phu hp tao s tiep xuc tot gia quang va oxi trong khong kh. Toc o thoi khong kh vao lo thch hp, sao cho hon hp kh thu c cha khoang 7% SO2, 11% O2 Cau truc tinh the va thanh phan cua quang. Tuy theo cau truc tinh the, kch thc va thanh phan trong quang ma ngi ta s dung loai lo ot khac nhau.

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Cac kieu lo otLo ot kieu bi cheoNhn vao hnh ve hay trnh bay cau tao va cach van hanh cua lo ot kieu bi cheo?PiritKKXSO2

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Lo ot kieu tang soiNhn vao hnh ve hay trnh bay cau tao va cach van hanh cua lo ot kieu tang soi?SO2Khong khXFeS2

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Lo phun ot piritNhn vao hnh ve hay trnh bay cau tao va cach van hanh cua lo phun ot pirit.SO2XQuang bui va khong khKhong kh bo xung

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3. Tinh che hon hp kh 3.3. Tach mu H2SO4 Do co mot lng nho SO3 tac dung vi hi nc tao ra H2SO4, nh sng mu i theo cac ng ong, an mon thiet b. Tach bang cac loc ien t.3.1. Tach bui. Nh he thong lang c hoc goi la xyclon va may loc ien kho.3.2. Tach asen oixt va selen oxitay la cac hoa chat lam ngo oc xuc tac, c tach bang cach cho qua cac thap ra.3.4. Tach hi nc. Cho hon hp kh i qua cac thap ti H2SO4 ac 98%.

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Cau hoi thao luan 2Anh ch hay trnh bay c s ly thuyet cua qua trnh oxi hoa SO2 bang xuc tac V2O5 .

4. Oxi hoa SO2 bang xuc tac V2O5

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4.1. C s l thuyetPhan ng hoa hoc:2SO2 + O2 2SO3 H

Khi tang nong o O2 th toc o phan ng tang. Trong ieu kien phan ng tren th ham lng oxi trong hon hp kh la 11% con SO2 la 7% th H=98%.e tang dien tch tiep xuc, xuc tac c che tao dang vien co cau truc xop.

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4.2. Thiet b oxi hoa

Hay trnh bay cau tao va cach van hanh cua thap oxi hoa SO2

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5. Hap thu SO3 thanh H2SO4

Cau hoi thao luan 3 Hay giai thch tai sao trong san xuat H2SO4 ngi ta khong trc tiep dung nc e hap phu SO3 ? Cho biet c s l thuyet, qua trnh hap thu SO3 va cau tao cua thap hap thu SO3 ?

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Phan ng hoa hoc SO3 + H2O H2SO4 H < 0Phan ng nay toa nhiet manh , tao mu axit H2SO4 khong ngng thanh giot ln theo ong thai thoat ra ngoai gay o nhiem moi trng.

Trong san xuat ngi ta dung oleum ( SO3 trong H2SO4 am ac ) e hap thu. Dung hai thap hap thu at lien nhau e thu hoan toan SO3 trong hon hp kh .

Cau tao va cach van hanh cua thap hap thu SO3.

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Vo thap bang thepVo chong an monCac vat emLi phan phoi khH2SO4 100%

SO3

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Bai tap nha:1/ Ve s o mo ta day truyen san xuat H2SO4 t nguyen lieu ban au la pirit sat.

2/ Tra li cau hoi sach trong giao trnh .

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