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ACTIVITY TEST OF CATECHINS ISOLATE OF GAMBIR (Uncaria gambir Roxb) ON BURN WOUND
HEALING OF MALE WHITE RAT (Rattusnorvegicus)
Muhammad Yanis Musdja, Lina Elvita & Nursetyowati Rahayu, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences,
State Islamic University, Jakarta
Email : [email protected] +62 812 8168 1197
2nd Bandung International Conference on Medicinal ChemistryBandung ICMC-2017
5-6 October 2017, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
ABSTRACT
Background. Indonesia is the largest gambir (Uncaria gambir, Roxb) producing country in the world, but itsbenefits as a medicinal plant has not been optimally developed. Traditionally, gambir plants have been widelyused by the community as wound healers. There are allegations of gambir efficacy as a wound healer becauseits content of the main substance catechins. Objective: This study aims to determine the efficacy of catechinisolate as a healing burn on white rats (Rattus norvegicus) male Sprague Dawley strain through observation ofanatomical and histopathological pathology. Methods: Catechins of gambir were isolated by using partitionmethod with ethyl acetate solvent. Rats were made to suffer burns with Akhoondinasab method, et al. A totalof 30 male white rats were divided into 5 groups, given daily test preparations. A total of 3 groups were givencatechin isolates prepared by gel with variations of concentrations of 1%, 2% and 4%). One group was used as acomparison with a patent medicine for healing burns and one other group was used as a negative control. Afteradministration of the dosage for 21 days, the pathology and histology changes was observed in the burns thatoccurred. Results: Statistical analysis using one way-ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis showed that gel isolatecatechins Gambir with concentrations 2% showed the effect of decreasing the burn area and an increase in thepercentage of healing of burns that do not differ significantly from positive controls (P <0.05). Histopathologicobservations showed that gambir catechin isolates were able to reduce the number of inflammatory cells andincrease neocapillary formation compared with the negative control group. Conclusion: Catechin isolates ofgambir with concentration 2 % can help the healing process of second degree of burns in the inflammatoryphase and proliferation.
Key words : Gambir, Catechins, isolate, burns, healing
INTRODUCTION:
Gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb) has since long been used by many people in the Asian region traditionally as anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, and agent for the treatment of burns. Gambier is also one component for chewing medicine to strengthen teeth and antimicrobial.
O
OH
HOH
OH
(OH)
OH
(+) - catechin
Dry extract of gambir water
Schematic of work isolation (+)-catechins from gambier
Water extract from dried gambir
Gambir powderMaseration with hot
water Filtered
Fractionation with ethyl acetate
condensed extract
Isolation with column
chromatography
FractionsAnalysis with TLC
Figure 1. Thin Layer Chromatogram (TLC) fractions
isolation results of gambier
Figure 2. Thin Layer Chromatography of 10-40 Fraction of Isolation Results of Gambier
Standart (+)-catechin
(+)-Catechin isolation results
Preparation of Gambir Catechin Isolate Gel
GEL DIBUAT DENGAN FORMULA:
• Na CMC 3,75%
• Propilen glikol 3,75%
• Glicerin 7,5%
• Nipagin 0,05%
• Aquadest ad 60
the concentration of catechin in gel is made with 1%, 2%, 4% w / w.
Evaluation of Gel Preparations
• Observations of the shape, color and odor of the preparations have been madeOrganoleptic
• The gel is tested for homogeneity by applying to a suitable piece of glass or transparent material, in which the preparation is 3 parts up, middle and bottom. Homogeneity is indicated by the absence of coarse grains
Homogeneity
• The measurement of pH of the preparation was done by pH meterpH gel
• Viscosity was measured using a Brookfield viscometer, spindle no. 6 with a speed of 50 revolutions per minute (rpm)
Viscosity
Making burns on rats(methods of Akhoondinasab et al. (2014). )
The mice were given local anesthetics ketamine 49 mg / kgBW
The leather on the dorsal region is about 3 cm from the shaved rats auris using veet
Iron plate measuring 4x2 cm heated for 5 minutes in boiling
water
Attached to the back skin for 10 seconds under the
same pressure.
Testing Healing of Wound on Rats caused of Effects of catechin isolates Gambir
Group Number of rats
Treatment Description
I 6 Positive control, given patent burns medicine
21 days
II 6 Negative control, given gel, without catechins
21 days
III 6 Gel with catechins isolates 1 % 21 days
IV 6 Gel with catechins isolates 2 % 21 days
V 6 Gel with catechins isolates 4 % 21 days
Giving of the gel is done topically every day for 21 days with a dose of 2 times a day in the morning and evening.
Excision of Rat Skin
Sampling of skin tissue was done on the 7th day after administration of test preparation from five groups, each taken 1 mouse
• Rats were anesthetized with ether solution per inhalation
• skin tissue is taken with a thickness of ± 3 mm to the subcutaneous layer and about ± 2 cm from the wound edges
• The skin tissue obtained was then fixed with 10% formalin solution
• then, Created histopathology preparations
Characteristics Requirements Gambir sample
Color Yellow to yellow brownish Yellow to yellow brownish
Smell Typical Typical
Shape Solid, irregular cube Solid, irregular cube
Flavors A little bitter ending taste
rather sweet
A little bitter ending taste rather
sweet
Water content Maximum 14% 1,07%
Ash content Maximum 5% 3,61%
Catechin levels Minimum 60% 88,65%
Results of Quality Control of The GambirRequirements According to SNI (2000) and Pharmacopoeia Herb I (2008)
Results of Evaluation ofGel preparations
Characteristics
Result
Gel catechin isolates
concentration 1%
Gel catechin isolates
concentration 2%
Gel catechin isolates
concentration 4%
Organoleptic
Color Light brown
transparent
Brown transparent Brown
Shape Semisolid transparent Semisolid transparent Semisolid, not
transparent
Smell Specific Specific Specific
Homogeneity Homogen Homogen Homogen
pH 6,51 6,12 5,76
Parameters of Anatomical pathology
Average, on day-to-
Positive control
Negative controls
Catechin 1 % Catechin 2 % Catechin 4 %
The formation of a scab, on days to
4 3 2 2 1
Remove the scab, on days to
11 14 11 12 14
• The result of statistical data processing using paired samples T test The reduction of burn area in the control group and the test group showed significantly different results (p <0.05) from day 1 to day 21.
• Hasil pengolahan data secara statistik menggunakan uji kruskal-Wallis Test Results of statistical data processing using Kruskal Wallis Test burn wound healing percentage showed insignificant results (p> 0.05) in all treatment groups.
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
KP (Kontrol Positif) KN (Kontrol Negatif) UKR (UjiKonsentrasi
Rendah)
UKS (Uji KonsentrasiSedang)
UKT (UjiKonsentrasi Tinggi)
Graph of Healing Percentage Burns
Histopathology Observation Scoring is based on Asian Journal Animal and Veterinary Advances (Hosseini, 2011)
Skor Inflammatory Cells Angiogenesis
0 13-15 inflammatory cells per field of view There is no angiogenesis, There is
congestion, hemorrhagic and edema
1 10-13 Inflammatory cells per field of view 1-2 blood vessels per field of view,
edema, hemorrhagic, congestion
2 7-10 inflammatory cells per field of view 3-4 blood vessels per field of view,
edema, hemorrhagic, congestion
3 4-7 inflammatory cells per field of view 5-6 of blood vessels per field of
vision, edema, hemorrhagic,
congestion
4 1-4 inflammatory cells per field of view More than 7 blood vessels per field
of view, edema, hemorrhagic,
congestion
Hasil Pengamatan Preparat Histopatologi
Results of Histopathology Scoring
Group Score
Neocapilerization Infiltration of inflammatory
cells
Positive Control 3 4
Negative Controls 0 0
Test Concentration 1% 1 2
Test Concentration 2% 2 3
Test Concentration 4% 0 1
Testing Healing of Wound on Rats caused of Effects of catechin isolates Gambir
Group Number of rats
Treatment Description
I 6 Positive control, given patent burns medicine
21 days
II 6 Negative control, given gel, without catechins
21 days
III 6 Gel with catechins isolates 1 % 21 days
IV 6 Gel with catechins isolates 2 % 21 days
V 6 Gel with catechins isolates 4 % 21 days
Giving of the gel is done topically every day for 21 days with a dose of 2 times a day in the morning and evening.
Histopathological image of white mouse skin tissue with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining at 200x and 400x magnification
Histopathological image of white mouse skin tissue with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining at 200x and 400x magnification
Magnification 200 X Magnification 400 X
Catechin 2 %
Catechin 4 %
Note :Black arrow: inflammatory cellsBlue arrow: neocapilizer
CONCLUSION• Gambir catechin isolate (Uncaria gambir) in the
concentration group of 1%, 2% and 4% there was nosignificant difference to decreasing wound area andpercentage of second degree burn healing which was giventopically on anatomical pathology observation.
• There was a significant difference in infiltration ofinflammatory cells and neocapillaries on day 7 in the 2%concentration test group compared with the 1%concentration test group, 4% concentration test andnegative control on microscopic observation.
• Gambir catechin isolates can assist in the healing process ofburns in the inflammatory phase and proliferation.