Huỳnh Thị Mỹ Duyên - NH14 _K31

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GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Quc Anh

B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC KINH T TP.H CH MINH KHOA NGN HNG

CHUYN TT NGHIP TI:

GVHD: Th.S NGUYN QUC ANH SVTH : HUNH TH M DUYN LP : NH14 K31

TP. H CH MINH

Nin kha 2005 2009 SVTH: Hunh Th M Duyn

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Qua bn nm c hc ti trng i hc Kinh t Tp.HCM, mt mi trng hc tp tht s tt v mi mt, Ti tch ly cho mnh mt kho tng kin thc v cng qu bu. Nhng kin thc ny cng vi kin thc hc hi c t thc t ti CN BIDB Tp.HCM s l hnh trang tt nht chun b cho Ti trc khi ra lm vic. Sau thi gian thc tp, n nay Ti hon thnh chuyn tt nghip ca mnh. Kt qu ngy hm nay c c khng ch t qu trnh n lc ca bn thn m cn nh rt nhiu vo s h tr, ng vin, gip khng mt mi ca mi ngi xung quanh ti l: Qu Thy/ C ang cng tc v ging dy ti trng i hc Kinh t Tp.HCM, nhng ngi truyn t cho ti nhiu kin thc v kinh nghim qu bu. y l hnh trang hu ch , ang v s gip ti rt nhiu trong cng vic cng nh trong cuc sng. Qu thy c trong Khoa Ngn Hng, c bit l thy Th.S Nguyn Quc Anh, ngi tn ty hng dn, h tr v ng vin ti trong sut qu trnh thc hin chuyn tt nghip. Ti thc s cm kch trc s gip tn tnh ca thy cng nh nhng kin thc m thy truyn t cho Ti. Ban lnh o v Anh/ ch nhn vin ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM .ng thi Ti xin chn thnh cm n Trng Phng dch v khch hng doanh nghip Nguyn Th Minh Tm cng ton th Anh/ Ch trong phng, to iu kin thun li nht Ti c dp tip cn vi hot ng thc t ca NH v y s l nhng vn qu gip Ti trong cng vic sau ny. Gia nh, bn b, nhng ngi ng vin v h tr tinh thn cho Ti rt nhiu trong qu trnh thc hin chuyn . Mt ln na, xin cho php Ti c by t lng tri n su sc n tt c nhng ngi dnh cho Ti s gip v gi trong sut qu trnh thc tp v vit chuyn tt nghip. Sinh vin thc hin Hunh Th M Duyn

SVTH: Hunh Th M Duyn

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............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. ............................................................................................................................................. Tp.HCM, thng 05 nm 2009


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.............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. ..............................................................................................Tp.HCM, Thng 05 nm 2009

Th.S Nguyn Quc Anh


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CHNG 1: GII THIU TNG QUAN V CHI NHNH NGN HNG U T V PHT TRIN (BIDV) TP. H CH MINH ...................................................1 1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin ................................................................................1 1.1.1. Khi qut v BIDV Vit Nam.....................................................................1 1.1.2. Khi qut v CN BIDV T.p HCM...............................................................1 1.2. C cu t chc............................................................................................................2 1.3. Mt s nghip v ch yu ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM...................................................4 1.4. Tnh hnh hot ng v kt qu kinh doanh ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM trong nhng nm gn y.................................................................................................................4 1.4.1 Tnh hnh ti sn v ngun vn....................................................................5 1.4.2. Thu nhp. chi ph, hiu qu kinh doanh......................................................6 1.5. nh hng pht trin trong thi gian ti...................................................................9 CHNG 2:THC TRNG THANH TON KHNG DNG TIN MT TI CN BIDV Tp.HCM........................................................................................................12 2.1. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi Vit Nam trong thi gian qua.........................................12 ............................................................................................................................................. 2.1.1.Bi cnh kinh t - x hi............................................................................12

2.1.2. Thc trng s dng tin mt nhng nm qua............................................14 2.1.3.Mc tiu v nh hng pht trin thanh ton khng dng tin mt ti Vit Nam n nm 2020..........................................................................................................18

2.1.3.1 Mc tiu tng th:...........................................................................18 2.1.3.2.nh hng pht trin TTKDTM ti Vit Nam n nm 2020......18 2.2. L lun c bn v phng thc TTKDTM..............................................................19 2.2.1. S cn thit khch quan v vai tr ca cng tc TTKDTM.....................19 2.2.1.1.S cn thit khch quan ca TTKDTM trong nn kinh t th trng ..19


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2.2.1.2. Vai tr ca TTKDTM trong nn kinh t th trng.....................20 2.2.2. Yu cu v qui nh chung v thanh ton khng dng tin mt:...............21 2.2.2.1. Yu cu cng tc TTKDTM.........................................................21 2.2.2.2. Qui nh chung v cng tc TTKDTM.........................................22 2.2.3.Mt s nhn t tc ng n cng tc TTKDTM.......................................23 2.2.4. Qui trnh cc nghip v TTKDTM ti CN:..............................................23 2.2.4.1.Qui trnh chuyn tin i ca cc sn phm OL1 n OO3.............23 2.2.4.2.Qui trnh chuyn tin n t IBPS..................................................28 2.2.4.3. Qui trnh x l in n t T5.......................................................29 2.3. Thc trng thanh ton khng dng tin mt ti CN.................................................33 2.3.1 Thc trng thanh ton trong nc:.............................................................34 2.3.1.1.Thc trng thanh ton Sc..............................................................34 2.3.1.2. Thc trng thanh ton UNC..........................................................36 2.3.1.3 Thc trng thanh ton UNT............................................................38 2.3.1.4. Thc trng thanh ton vn gia cc Ngn hng............................40 2.3.1.4.1. Thanh ton lin hng......................................................40 2.3.1.4.2. Thanh ton b tr..........................................................40 2.3.2. Thc trng chuyn tin trong v ngoi nc.............................................41 2.3.2.1 Chuyn tin i.................................................................................41 2.3.2.2. Chuyn tin n.............................................................................44


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2.3.3. Thc trng thu ph ti CN..........................................................................46 2.3.4. Cc sai st v ri ro thng gp khi thc hin cng tc TTKDTM ti CN 48 2.3.5. Mt s hnh thc thanh ton khc............................................................52 2.3.6. nh gi chung v hot ng TTKDTM ti CN.......................................53 2.3.6.1. Kt qu t c............................................................................53 2.3.6.2. Tn ti v hn ch.........................................................................54 CHNG 3: GII PHP V KIN NGH NHM M RNG CNG TC THANH TON KHNG DNG TIN MT TI CN BIDV Tp.HCM ................56 3.1. Gii Php:.................................................................................................................56 3.1.1. Tng cng hot ng Maketing...............................................................56

3.1.2. y mnh tin hin i ha cng ngh NH, i mi k thut &cng ngh NH..........................................................................................................................57 3.1.3. Xy dng c s h tng k thut trin khai p dng cc hnh thc TTKDTM hin i...........................................................................................................57 3.1.4. Khuyn khch php nhn m ti khon v thanh ton qua ngn hng.....58 3.1.5. n gin ha th tc..................................................................................59 3.2. Kin ngh......................................................................................................60 3.2.1. i vi Chnh Ph.....................................................................................60 3.2.2. i vi bn thn ngn hng:..................................................................... 62


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3.2.2.1. Kin ngh vi BIDV Vit Nam.....................................................62 3.2.2.2. Kin ngh i vi CN BIDV T.pHCM..........................................63 3.2.3. Mt s kin ngh v vn dng th thc TTKDTM....................................64 3.2.3.1. Sc chuyn khon..........................................................................64 3.2.3.2. Sc bo chi.....................................................................................65 3.2.3.3. Kin ngh UNT v UNC................................................................66


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1. Bng 1.1: Ti sn v ngun vn CN 2. Bng 1.2: Tnh hnh thu nhp v chi ph CN 3. Bng 1.3: Ch tiu v hiu qu kinh doanh 4. Hnh 1.1: S c cu t chc CN BIDV T.p HCM5. Bng 2.1: Tnh hnh thanh ton lng qua ti khon

6. Biu 2.1: Tng trng GDP 7. Biu 2.2: C cu ngnh 8. Biu 2.3: HDI Vit Nam t 1985 n 2007 9. Biu 2.4: Thu nhp rng 10. Biu 2.5: T trng thu nhp rng11. S 2.1: Qui trnh thanh ton UNC 12. S 2.2: Qui trnh thanh ton UNT


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- NHNN : ngn hng nh nc - NH : ngn hng - SIBS (SilverLake Intergrated Banking Systems): H thng ngn hng tchhp SilverLake. - IBPS (InterBank Payment System): H thng thanh ton lin ngn hng ca Ngn hng Nh nc Vit Nam. - CI-TAD: l mt chng trnh phn mm c ci t ti TCTD c php tham gia vo IBPS - T5: H thng thanh ton in t ni b ca BIDV Vit Nam - BDS (Branch Delivery System): H thng chuyn giao phn phi sn phm chi nhnh. - GW- SWIFT: L giao din thanh ton kt ni gia h thng SIBS v h thng SWIFT. - GW T5: L giao din thanh ton kt ni gia h thng SIBS v h thng T5. - GW IBPS: L giao din thanh ton gia h thng SIBS v h thng IBPS. - GDV : Giao dch vin - KSV: kim sot vin - TTBT: Thanh ton b tr - TK : ti khon - UNT: y nhim thu - UNC: y nhim chi - GL (General Ledger): Phn h k ton tng hp - C/A (Current account): Ti khon tin gi thanh ton - S/A (Saving account): Ti khon tin gi tit kim - H.O: Hi s chnh Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam - BIDV: Ngn hng u t v pht trin - CN BIDV Tp.HCM: chi nhnh ngn hng u t v pht trin Tp HCM - TTKDTM: Thanh ton khng dng tin mt - OL1:chuyn tin i ghi c qua TTBT s dng trong trng hp CN trc tip tham gia TTBT - OL2: chuyn tin i qua TK tin gi ca CN m ti t chc tn dng khc - OL3: chuyn tin i lin CN trong SIBS - OL4: chuyn tin i qua h thng thanh ton in t lin NH - OL5: chuyn tin ghi c trong thanh ton song phng - OL6: chuyn tin i ghi n qua TTBT


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- OL7: chuyn tin i nh CN khc trong SIBS i b tr h - OO2: chuyn tin i bng Telex - OO3: chuyn tin i qua h thng SWIFT

* L do chn ti: Trong thi i cng ngh thng tin bng pht mnh m nh hin nay, vic cc ngn hng to ra nhng dch v ngn hng trc tuyn nhm gim thi gian, chi ph thanh ton v quan trng hn l gim ri ro trong kinh doanh ang ngy cng c khch hng quan tm. c bit, trong thi k hu WTO s cnh tranh gia cc ngn hng trong nc, nc ngoi v cc t chc kinh doanh trn lnh vc ti chnh khc ngy cng khc lit, buc chnh bn thn cc ngn hng phi khng ngng i mi cng ngh to ra nhng dch v tt nht, p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca khch hng ng thi t khng nh chnh mnh. Nhn thc c tm quan trng , CN BIDV Tp.HCM khng ngng nng cao v th ca mnh thng qua cht lng dch v v em n s hi lng cho khch hng khi giao dch vi ngn hng. Tuy nhin, vi s thay i trong mi trng kinh doanh v s bng pht cng ngh thng tin i hi cc dch v TTKDTM ngy cng em li s tin ch v tha mn cho khch hng. V th, trong qu trnh thc tp ti phng dch v khch hng doanh nghip Ti chn ti Thc trng v gii php nhm m rng cng tc TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM vi mong mun gp phn nh b ca mnh dch v TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM ngy cng m rng v pht trin. * Mc tiu Nghin cu: Nghin cu cc sn phm dch v TTKDTM v qui trnh cc sn phm dch v TTKDTM, nghin cu thc trng v ra gii php nhm m rng TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM.


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* Phng php nghin cu: Trong phm vi gii hn ca ti, cc phng php c s dng gm: Quan st suy lun logic, phng php thu thp v x l s liu ti CN, phng php thng k v m t. * Phm vi ti: Hot ng TTKDTM ca CN rt a dng v phong ph, bn cnh nhng sn phm dch v truyn thng cn c nhng sn phm dch v hin i. Nhng v thi gian thc tp v kh nng tip cn ca bn thn c hn ch, v th Ti ch a ra mt s sn phm dch v ph bin thung gp, nu thc trng v ra gii php. * Kt cu ni dung: Ni dung ti gm 3 chng: Chng 1: Gii thiu tng quan v CN BIDV Tp.HCM Chng 2:Thc trng TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM Chng 3: Gii php v kin ngh nhm m rng cng tc TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM


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NI DUNG1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin 1.1.1. Khi qut v BIDV Vit Nam 1.1.2. Khi qut v CN BIDV T.p HCM 1.2. C cu t chc 1.3. Mt s nghip v ch yu ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM 1.4. Tnh hnh hot ng v kt qu kinh doanh ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM trong nhng nm gn y 1.4.1 Tnh hnh ti sn v ngun vn 1.4.2. Thu nhp. chi ph, hiu qu kinh doanh 1.5. nh hng pht trin trong thi gian ti


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1.1. Lch s hnh thnh v pht trin 1.1.1. Khi qut v BIDV Vit Nam: BIDV Vit Nam c thnh lp theo ngh nh s 177/TTg ngy 26/04/1957 ca Th tng Chnh ph. Tri qua qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin BIDV Vit Nam c nhng tn gi sau: Ngn hng Kin thit Vit Nam t ngy 26/04/1957 Ngn hng u t v Xy dng Vit Nam t ngy 24/06/1981 Ngn hng u t v Pht trin Vit Nam t ngy 14/11/1990 BIDV Vit Nam l mt doanh nghip Nh nc hng c bit, c t chc theo m hnh Tng cng ty Nh nc mang tnh h thng bao gm hn 150 chi nhnh v cc Cng ty trong ton quc, c 3 n v lin doanh vi nc ngoi (Nga, Lo, Malaysia), hn vn vi trn 5 t chc tn dng. Trng tm hot ng v l ngh nghip truyn thng ca BIDV Vit Nam l phc v u t pht trin, cc d n thc hin cc chng trnh pht trin kinh t then cht ca t nc. Thc hin y cc mt nghip v ca ngn hng phc v cc thnh phn kinh t, c quan h hp tc cht ch vi cc Doanh nghip, Tng cng ty. BIDV khng ngng m rng quan h i l vi hn 400 ngn hng v quan h thanh ton vi trn 50 ngn hng trn th gii. BIDV Vit Nam l mt ngn hng ch lc thc thi chnh sch tin t quc gia v phc v u t pht trin. 1.1.2. Khi qut v CN BIDV Tp. HCM:


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CN BIDV Tp. HCM c thnh lp vo ngy 15/11/1976. Tri qua qu trnh hnh thnh v pht trin, CN BIDV Tp. HCM lun l n v v l l c u ca ton ngnh. T khi thnh lp n nay, qua vic nng cp cc n v trc thuc CN BIDV Tp. HCM ng gp cho h thng BIDV Vit Nam 4 chi nhnh cp 1 l: Chi nhnh Tn to, Chi nhnh NKKN, Chi nhnh Th c v Chi nhnh Tn Bnh (cc n v ny trc kia l chi nhnh cp 2 trc thuc CN BIDV Tp. HCM) v sp ti Phng giao dich Ph Nhun s nng cp thnh Chi nhnh BIDV Ph Nhun. Hin nay, CN BIDV Tp. HCM c tng s cn b nhn vin trn 300 ngi

1.2. C cu t chc CN BIDV Tp. HCM c tr s ti 134 Nguyn Cng Tr, P. Nguyn Thanh Bnh, Q.1, Tp. HCM. Do iu kin kinh t x hi ca Tp. HCM nn CN BIDV T.p HCM duy tr c cu b my t chc hp l m bo thc hin chc nng v nhim v ca mnh


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Hnh 1.1: S c cu t chc CN BIDV Tp. HCM


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GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Quc AnhBan Gim c

Khi Quan h khch hng Phng Quan h khch hng 1Phng Quan h khch hng 2

Khi Qun l ri ro

Khi tc nghip

Khi Qun l ni b

Khi n v trc thuc

Phng Qun l ri ro

Phng Qun tr tn dng

Phng k hoch Tng hp

Phng giao dch Ph Nhun

Phng Dch v khch hng doanh nghip (Dch v 1)

Phng in ton

PGD Bi Th Xun

Phng Quan h khch hng 3

Phng thanh ton quc t (Dch v 2)

Phng Ti chnh K ton

PGD Khnh Hi

Phng Quan h khch hng 4

Phng qun l v Dch v ngn qu (Dch v 3)

Phng T chc Nhn s

PGD Th Ngh

Phng ti tr d n

Phng Dch v khch hng c nhn (Dch v 4)

Vn phng

PGD Nguyn nh Chiu

Phng php ch

QTKNguyn Vn Th


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1.3. Mt s nghip v ch yu ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM - Nghip v huy ng vn. - Nghip v cho vay u t v kinh doanh chng khon. - Nghip v thanh ton qua ngn hng: + Thanh ton bng y nhim thu + Thanh ton bng y nhim chi + Thanh ton bng Sc + - Nghip v thanh ton vn gia cc ngn hng: + Thanh ton lin hng + Thanh ton b tr 1.4. Tnh hnh hot ng v kt qu kinh doanh ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM trong nhng nm gn y: Trong hai nm qua, tnh hnh kinh t x hi ca c nc ni chung v caTp.HCM ni ring c nhiu bin ng, to nhiu c hi nhng t ra khng t thch thc cho CN


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BIDV Tp.HCM. Trong xu th hi nhp hin nay, s cnh tranh gia cc ngn hng v cc t chc tn dng ngy cng gay gt hn nhng vi s c gng, n lc v khng ngng hc hi ca c mt tp th cn b CN BIDV Tp.HCM a CN vt qua nhng kh khn v tr thnh mt trong nhng NH thng mi mnh th hin qua mt s hot ng kinh doanh sau:

1.4.1 Tnh hnh ti sn v ngun vn: Bng 1.1: Ti sn v ngun vn CN

2007 STT Khon mc (t ng) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tng ti sn Tng d n Tng d n vay (tr TTUT, TCTD, CVBSP) Tng tin gi khch hng (tr TCTD) N qu hn N xu (nhm 3, 4, 5) Chnh lch thu chi trc thu Chnh lch thu chi trc d phng (bao gm c thu 12.246 7.825 6.084 10.359 0 197 418 428

2008 (t ng) 10.096 7.757 6.096 8.725 29 6 333 373

So snh 2008/2007 + (t ng) (t ng) 2.15 0.068 0.012 1.634 29 191 85 55 -17.56 -0.869 0.197 -15.77 -96.95 -20.33 -12.85 (%)


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(Ngun bo co cng khai ti chnh nm 2008 ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM) Tng ti sn CN thi im 31/12/2008 l 10.096 t ng, gim 2.150 t ng (gim 17.56%) so vi nm 2007, s gim ny ch yu do iu chuyn vn ni b (-2.033 t ng) Tng d n cho vay 7.757 t ng, gim 68 t ng (gim 0.87%). Tng d n vay (tr cho vay y thc,TCTD v ngn sch a phng) l 6.093 t ng, tng 0.15%. Tng tin gi t chc kinh t v dn c l 8.725 t ng, gim 1.634 t ng so vi u nm N t nhm 3 n nhm 5 gim 13.88%; tnh hnh n xu c ci thin, ch cn 6 t ng, gim 96.96% so vi cng k. Trong nm CN hon lp d phng 17 t ng, n 31/12/2008 qu d phng ri ro tn dng ca CN l 125 t ng, trong d phng chung l 65 t ng, d phng c th l 60 t ng. S d cc khon u t chng khon, gp vn 218 t ng, tng 7 t ng (tc l tng 3.32%) so vi nm 2007. Trong nm 2008 CN khng u t mi, vn u t tng ln ch yu l do nhn c tc c phiu. Nh vy, do khng hong ti chnh ton cu nm 2008 nn CN cng b nh hng nhiu n hot ng huy ng vn cng nh cho vay. 1.4.2. Thu nhp. chi ph, hiu qu kinh doanh: Li nhun trc thu nm 2008 l 333 t ng, gim 20.33% so vi nm 2007; chnh lch thu chi trc d phng ri ro (c thu li ngoi bng) l 373 t ng, gim 12.85% so vi nm 2007


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Bng1.2: tnh hnh thu nhp v chi ph CN Phn b chi ph Tng s STT Khon mc (t ng) qun l kinh doanh (t ng) 1 2 3 4 Thu nhp t li Thu dch v Thu hot ng ti chnh Thu khc Tng cng 277 88 6 51 422 32 10 1 6 49 298 54 24 52 428 245 78 5 45 373 69.6 12.6 5.6 12.2 100 65.7 20.9 1.3 12.1 100 2007 2008 T trng thu nhp rng (%) 2007 2008

Thu nhp rng (t ng)

(Ngun bo co cng khai ti chnh nm 2008 ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM) Tng thu nhp rng gim 55 t ng trong c 2 khon thu st gim ln so vi nm 2007 l: +Thu nhp rng t hot ng ti chnh gim 19 t ng +Thu nhp rng t li gim 53 t ng (trong : li FPT gim 122 t ng, thu li ti chi nhnh tng 69 t ng) *Tnh hnh thc hin cc nh mc ch tiu v chi ph qun l kinh doanh:


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Chi ph qun l kinh doanh nm 2008 l 49 t ng, tng 6 t (14.75%) so vi nm 2007. Trong : -Chi ph cho nhn vin l 18.045 t ng, tng 22.56%. Nguyn nhn l do t ngy 01/01/2008, lng ti thiu tng t 450.000 ng ln 540.000ng -Chi ph v ti sn l 17.962 t ng, tng 21.22%. Nguyn nhn l khu hao TSC tng 0.7 t; chi thu ti sn hot ng tng 2.4 t ng. -Chi ph qun l cng v 10.2 t ng, gim 1.77% so vi nm 2007 -Chi ph kinh doanh khc l 3 t ng Cc khon chi ph qun l cng v, chi cng c lao ng, chi sa cha Ti sn c nh, chi hot ng on th u nm trong nh mc do BIDV qui nh *Mt s ch tiu v hiu qu kinh doanh: Bng 1.3: Ch tiu v hiu qu kinh doanh vt: % So snh Ch tiu NIM = (Thu nhp t li chi ph t li)/Ti sn c kh nng sinh li bnh qun Chnh lch li sut bnh qun u vo v u ra ROA = Li nhun sau thu (k c thu n x l,hon nhp d phng ri ro)/ Tng ti sn bnh qun (Ngun bo co cng khai ti chnh nm 2008 ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM) T bng s liu trn th tnh hnh kinh doanh ca NH nm 2008 c gim so vi nm 2007 nhng khng ng k, t sut li nhun trn tng ti sn nm 2008 gim 0.24% so vi nm 2007 l do c s iu chuyn vn ni b, h s NIM ln v khng i 2.87% nn t c ri ro li sut. 2007 2.87 2.6 2008 2.87 2.61 2008/2007 + 0 0.0 1 0.24

2.69

2.45


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1.5. nh hng pht trin ca CN BIDV T.pHCM trong thi gian ti: Huy ng vn: - Nm 2009 c d bo mt nm y bin ng kh lng v hot ng ti chnh, tin t, yu cu cc CN cn bm st cht ch din bin ng thi ca th trng v ch o iu hnh ca Hi s quyt nh huy ng vn phi m bo hiu qu kinh doanh vn. - Yu cu tun th nghim tc cc ch o iu hnh v li sut ca Hi s v vic hch ton, iu chnh li sut theo FTP tng thi im chnh xc kp thi, trnh xy ra tnh trng Hi s truy thu li FTP nh cui nm 2008. - Bm st din bin th trng v nhu cu s dng vn m bo kh nng thanh khon (chi tiu ca khch hng nhn dp Tt m lch, gii ngn tn dng). Tn dng: - Thng nht cao v nhn thc tng trng tn dng nhng khng m rng th phn trn lan; tp trung vo tn dng xut khu v trin khai cc gii php ng b tng trng cho vay khch hng kinh doanh cc mt hng, ngnh ngh lnh vc th mnh nh go, cao su, c ph, thu hi sn, g, ; ch trng tip th, thu ht cc khch hng ln, c thng hiu mnh, c th trng tt n nh nh thu in, nhit in, h thng truyn ti in... - Ch ng nng cao cht lng tn dng, chuyn dch c cu khch hng, d n; kin quyt khng gia tng thm n xu, n qu hn, li treo. Kim sot n nhm 2 xung dn thng l (12%). Tng cng kim tra, kim sot ni b hn ch ri ro, c bit ri ro o c ngh nghip.


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- Quyt lit ch o cng tc thu n qu hn ngay t thng u nm 2009, m bo hon thnh mc tiu KH, xc nh mc tiu tn thu n to ngun tng vn iu l chun b cho cng tc c phn ho. - Coi trng v thng xuyn/nh k r sot, nh gi v b sung ti sn m bo trong iu kin th trng bin ng phng nga ri ro cho hot ng tn dng. - Bo co v xut kp thi cc vng mc trong qu trnh thc hin quy trnh nghip v mi iu chnh b sung ph hp thc t v m bo hot ng thng sut, an ton, hiu qu. Dch v: - Chuyn bin v nhn thc v tch cc y mnh hot ng bn l, a dng ho cc sn phm dch v bn l. - Ch ng nm bt th trng, nhu cu dch v ti a bn v cc ch o, hng dn ca Hi s pht trin, m rng v nng cao cht lng sn phm dch v, c bit l sn phm mi ph hp c th a bn; hoc cc sn phm mang tnh thi c, thi im ch ng c k hoch trin khai. - Khn trng a vo khai thc cc sn phm mi (Th VISA quc t); gn huy ng vn vi tn dng; tng ngun thu ca ton h thng, ch trng cc sn phm c th mnh, cht lng tt, hiu qu v nng cp hon thin cc sn phm cn hn ch; r sot chn chnh ngay cc li v ATM nng cao cht lng dch v. - Quan tm xy dng, to hnh nh tt v BIDV thng qua cht lng dch v, phong cch lm vic chuyn nghip ca i ng cn b bn hng. Cng tc khc: - Hon thnh cng tc quyt ton nm 2008 khn trng, chnh xc, lm c s nh gi ti sn chun b IPO ca BIDV trong nm 2009. - Thng xuyn/ nh k theo di, kim tra, kim sot v nh gi hiu qu, an ton hot ng ca mng li n v trc thuc; hn ch ti a cc ri ro pht sinh ti cc


Chuyn tt nghip


im mng li; tch cc nghin cu, thc hin cng tc pht trin mng li kinh doanh nng cao hiu qu kinh doanh, an ton hot ng v m rng th phn. - Thc hin chnh sch thu ht, trng dng nhn ti, nng cao cht lng cn b c nng lc chuyn mn cao, c o c ngh nghip. - Qun trit vic thc hin chng trnh hnh ng tit kim chng lng ph theo Ngh quyt 216 ca Hi ng qun tr; tun th hai b quy chun o c ngh nghip v quy tc ng x trong hot ng ca CN.


Chuyn tt nghip


NI DUNG: 2.1. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi Vit Nam trong thi gian qua 2.1.1.Bi cnh kinh t - x hi 2.1.2. Thc trng s dng tin mt nhng nm qua 2.1.3.Mc tiu v nh hng pht trin thanh ton khng dng tin mt ti Vit Nam n nm 2020 2.2. L lun c bn v phng thc TTKDTM 2.2.1. S cn thit khch quan v vai tr ca cng tc TTKDTM 2.2.2. Yu cu v qui nh chung v thanh ton khng dng tin mt


Chuyn tt nghip


2.2.3.Mt s nhn t tc ng n cng tc TTKDTM 2.2.4. Qui trnh cc nghip v TTKDTM ti CN 2.3. Thc trng thanh ton khng dng tin mt ti CN 2.3.1 Thc trng thanh ton trong nc: 2.3.2. Thc trng chuyn tin trong v ngoi nc 2.3.3. Thc trng thu ph ti CN 2.3.4. Cc sai st v ri ro thng gp khi thc hin cng tc TTKDTM ti CN 2.3.5. Mt s hnh thc thanh ton khc 2.3.6. nh gi chung v hot ng TTKDTM ti CN


Chuyn tt nghip


2.1. Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi Vit Nam trong thi gian qua 2.1.1.Bi cnh kinh t - x hi Tnh hnh kinh t - x hi Vit Nam trong nhng nm qua chu tc ng ln ca thin tai, dch bnh, l lt ln trn din rng t Bc vo Nam v c bit vo nm 2008 kinh t -x hi nc ta chu tc ng t suy thoi kinh t ton cu ko theo s suy gim ca nhiu nn kinh t ln nh M, Nht Bn, EU gy thit hi nng n cho sn xut, kinh doanh v i sng dn c. Tuy cn nhiu kh khn v thch thc nhng kinh t x hi c nhiu thnh tch ng khch l. V Kinh t: GDP tng ng k qua cc nm ngoi tr nm 2008 GDP 6.7% l mc thp nht t nm 2000 n nay. Trong bi cnh kinh t suy thoi ton cu, GDP mt s nc cng quc kinh t nh M, Nht, Hn Qucu mc m, Kinh t Trung Quc cng ch tng 8% (nm 2008) so vi 11% nm 2007 th kt qu t c ca kinh t Vit Nam l c gng ln, th hin biu 2.1 Biu 2.1: tng trng GDP (vt: %)

Bi?u d? GDP t? 20002008 10 5 0 6.79 6.89 7.08 7.3 4 7.79 8.44 8.23 8.48 6.7GD P

SVTH:2000 20Th M Duyn 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Hunh 01 2002 2003

nam

nam

nam

nam

nam

nam

nam

nam

nam

Chuyn tt nghip


( Theo ngun Tng cc thng k) C cu kinh t theo gi thc t chuyn dch theo hng tch cc, t trng khu vc cng nghip v xy dng, khu vc dch v ngy cng chim u th, khu vc nng, lm, thy sn chim t trng ngy cng gim, th hin qua biu 2.2

Biu 2.2: c cu ngnhBiu c cu ngnh45% 40% 35% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 41.56% 41.70% 38.08% 38.40%

21%

20%

nm 2006 nm 2008

nng, lm,thy sn

cng nghip v xy dng

dch v

( Theo ngun Tng cc thng k) Tnh hnh ti chnh lnh mnh, thu chi ngn sch cn i. Mc d chu nh hng ln ca ma l, gi du th gii st gim nhiu (nm 2008) song cc khong thu t doanh nghip u t nc ngoi, thu cng thng, khu vc ngoi quc doanh vn tng cao. u t nc ngoi tng mnh. Tng trng kinh t cao.Thu nhp ca ngi dn ngy cng tng ,do nhu cu v an sinh x hi cng cao.


Chuyn tt nghipV X hi:


Tng trng kinh t cao nn ch s pht trin con ngi (HDI) t c nhiu s vt tri. HDI tng ln qua cc nm (1985 mi t 0,590, nm 1990 t 0,620, nm 1995 t 0,672, nm 2000 t 0,711, nm 2005 t 0,733, kh nng nm 2007 t trn 0,75%).

Biu 2.3: HDI Vit Nam t 1985 n 2007Biu HDI Vit Nam0.80% 0.70% 0.60% 0.50% 0.40% 0.30% 0.20% 0.10% 0.00% nm 1985 nm 1990 nm 1995 nm 2000 nm 2005 nm 2007 HDI 0.59% 0.62% 0.67% 0.71%

0.73%

0.75%

( Theo ngun Tng cc thng k) Th bc v HDI tng ln trong khu vc ng Nam , chu v trn th gii. Th bc trn th gii v HDI cao hn th bc v GDP bnh qun u ngi tnh bng USD theo t gi sc mua tng ng (105 so vi 123), cao hn hng chc nc c GDP bnh qun u ngi cao hn Vit Nam, ph hp vi nn kinh t th trng m nc ta la chn l nn kinh t th trng theo nh hng dn giu, nc mnh, x hi cng bng, dn ch, vn minh. T l ngho gim (t 17,8% xung cn 14,8%). 2.1.2. Thc trng s dng tin mt nhng nm qua:


Chuyn tt nghip


Hin nay vic s dng tin mt trong cc giao dch thanh ton vn tn ti ph bin ti Vit Nam. Thi quen ny s gy ra rt nhiu bt li cho nn kinh t, y l cha k ti nhng vn tiu cc pht sinh. Mt khc, vic s dng tin mt cn gy tn km cho nn kinh t do phi in n tin mt, ri cn vn chuyn, bo qun, tn km lm.Vy ti sao ngi dn vn thch dng tin mt, bi v: Ti khon v th khng c ci thun tin nh tin mt l c th chi tiu bt c lc

no bt c ni u. Bao nhiu ci phi ph thuc: tnh kh tht thng ca my mc, vo a im t my, vo thi gian lm vic ca ngn hng Nhng ti khon v th gip cho ngi c tin trnh c ci ri ro mt mt hay h hng tin mt. Ri khi thanh ton cc khon ln nh mua xe mua nh ch cn mt ci lnh chuyn khon qua ngn hng thay v phi mang c ba-l tin i v ngi m vi nhau c bui. Ti khon cn c mi li nho nh l tin li. Gi s cc ngn hng nhm n i tng khch hng c s d trong ti khon t nht 3 triu v tr li sut 0,5%/thng, th hng thng khch hng ny c hng li 15 nghn ng. Nhng liu khon tin ny c b p cho nhng phin toi mi khi phi nh n dch v ngn hng. quyt nh dng tin mt hay khng, khch hng s t ln bn cn tt c cc

yu t. Nhng cn phi xt nhng yu t tm l ca dn ta: t mnh cm tin ca mnh l chc n nht. Thnh thong li nghe ni my ATM ny tnh nhm tin, lu lu li nghe n ngn hng n mt kh nng thanh ton. qua i ci thi ra ngn hng rt tin ca chnh mnh m c nh i n xin, nhng ni m nh vn cn u . Tp qun s dng tin mt gy lng ph x hi, v trong khi tin mt ch nm yn

trong t th ng tin trong ngn hng s c dng vo lu thng v sinh li tng gi tng pht. Trong lu thng, do dng tin chy ngc dng hng ho nn dng chy th cng ca tin mt khng th nhanh chng hiu qu bng h thng in t. Do , vic gim t l dng tin mt l cn thit v c li cho ton x hi.Dng tin mt tr thnh mt tp qun t hng nghn nm nay. Cn thi quen dng th mi xut hin trn th gii vi chc nm v Vit Nam c vi nm.


Chuyn tt nghip


Cng vi xu th hi nhp kinh t quc t, vic hn ch s dng tin mt, pht trin cc phng tin TTKDTM nhm p ng tt cc yu cu ca nn kinh t, cng nh ph hp vi cc chun mc quc t trong hot ng ngn hng l nhng mc tiu m h thng Ngn hng Vit Nam ang hng ti. y mnh cng tc TTKDTM th bin php cp thit u tin l thc hin tr lng qua ti khon m giai on u ca n tr lng qua ti khon l thc hin tr lng qua ti khon cho cc i tng hng lng t ngn sch nh nc. Do y l i tng tin phong lm hnh mu cho x hi hnh thnh thi quen s dng ti khon ngn hng giao dch thanh ton trn c s cng ngh mi tin tin, t nn mng thc y pht trin TTKDTM. Mt khc, vic p dng TTKDTM s gp phn hn ch cc giao dch bt hp php, tng cng s qun l nh nc i vi cc chi tiu ti chnh t ngn sch v vn nh nc, trin khai thc hin Lut Phng chng tham nhng, Lut thc hnh tit kim chng lng ph cng nh Ngh quyt ca ng v phng, chng tham nhng. Trn tinh thn , ngy 24/8/2007 Th tng Chnh ph k ban hnh Ch th 20/2007/CT-TTg v vic tr lng qua ti khon cho cc i tng hng lng t ngn sch nh nc (Ch th 20). Sau 6 thng trin khai thc hin Ch th 20 c mt s kt qu kh quan nh sau: - Thnh ph H Ni: Theo bo co ca cc NHTM gi v NHNN Chi nhnh TP H Ni th trn a bn thnh ph s n v hng lng t ngn sch nh nc tr lng qua ti khon tnh n ht ngy 31/12/2007 l 529 n v v n 6/2008 tng ln v t 1.660 n v (chim t trng 64% trong tng s 2.586 n v s dng ngn sch trn a bn); s ti khon nhn lng NSNN ti cc NHTM tnh n ht ngy 31/12/2007 l 71.682 ti khon v n 6/2008 th ln n 139.666 ti khon - tng 67.984 ti khon (t l tng 95%). Tnh chung H Ni s my ATM n ngy 31/12/2007 c 949 my ch yu tp trung ti cc qun ni thnh, cc trung tm kinh t, thng mi, khu cng nghip v n 6/2008 l 1.145 my - tng 196 my (t l tng 21%); s my POS n ngy 31/12/2007 l 5.596 my v n 6/2008 l 6.489 my tng 893 my (t l tng 16%). Kt qu t c bc u trong 6 thng va qua ti Thnh ph H Ni l rt ng khch l. - Thnh ph H Ch Minh: Theo bo co ca NHNN Chi nhnh TP.HCM th trn a bn thnh ph s n v hng lng t ngn sch nh nc tr lng qua ti khon


Chuyn tt nghip


tnh n ht ngy 31/12/2007 l 605 n v v n 6/2008 c 2.348 n v (chim t trng 79% trong tng s 2.963 n v s dng ngn sch trn a bn); s ti khon nhn lng NSNN tnh n thng 6/2008 theo thng k cha y vo khong 142.630 ti khon. S my ATM n ngy 31/12/2007 c 1.261 my v n 6/2008 c 1.572 my - tng 311 my (t l tng 25%); s my POS n ngy 31/12/2007 l 7.169 my v n 6/2008 l 8.339 my - tng 1.170 my (t l tng 16%). - Ti 62/63 tnh, thnh ph khc trc thuc trung ng: mc d cha phi l cc a phng trng im thc hin Ch th 20 trong giai on 1 ca l trnh nhng cc tnh cng rt tch cc xy dng k hoch trin khai, UBND tnh cng quan tm ch o cc n v lin quan thc hin tt Ch th 20, ng thi cc i tng hng lng t ngn sch nh nc cng sn sng n nhn hnh thc tr lng qua ti khon ti cc t chc cung ng dch v thanh ton. Cho n nay, 62/63 tnh, thnh ph trn u v ang trin khai v bc u t c mt s kt qu nht nh c th: Bng 2.1: tnh hnh thanh ton lng qua ti khon T l s n v thc hin tr lng qua TK/Tng s n v hng lng t ngn sch nh nc 7,53% 24,09% 239.083 642.785 + 403.702 16,56 169 S TK tr lng qua th ATM

S liu S STT ATM (ci) Thi gian (1) (2) (3)=(2)-(1) (4)=((3)/ (1))*100% 30/12/2007 6/2008 Tng (%) 2179 3397 + 1218 56 2594 3367 + 773 30 S POS (ci)

n v tr lng ngn sch nh nc qua ti khon 4347 13.917 + 9057 220

(theo ngun Ngn hng nh nc)


Chuyn tt nghip


T kt qu bc u nh trn, vic ban hnh Ch th 20 l mt ch trng ng n nhm hn ch s dng tin mt trong nn kinh t, thc y pht trin TTKDTM. Trong qu trnh trin khai nhn c s ng thun ca x hi, s phi hp cht ch gia cc n v lin quan ng thi i tng hng lng t ngn sch nh nc cng sn sng n nhn hnh thc tr lng qua TK ti cc T chc cung ng dch v thanh ton to iu kin trin khai thc hin Ch th 20 c thun li. Do , chng ta hon ton c c s tin tng rng vi vic vo cuc ca cc cp, cc ngnh, s ng h mnh m ca nhn dn v c bit l cc i tng hng long t ngn sch nh nc th vic thc hin Ch th trn s em li nhng kt qu kh quan.

2.1.3. Mc tiu v nh hng pht trin TTKDTM ti Vit Nam n nm 2020 2.1.3.1 Mc tiu tng th: Nhm to s chuyn bin mnh v cht v lng TTKDTM vi cc mc tiu: p ng nhu cu thanh ton ca nn kinh t vi cc phng tin thanh ton khng dng tin mt an ton, hiu qu, s dng thun tin, c kh nng tng bc thay th tin mt trong lu thng; tng cng nng lc cnh tranh ca cc t chc cung ng dch v thanh ton trn th trng; gp phn thc thi c hiu qu chnh sch tin t quc gia; nng cao hiu qu gim st ca cc c quan qun l nh nc, minh bch ha nn kinh t, gp phn tch cc vo cng tc phng, chng tham nhng, lng ph; thc y u t trc tip nc ngoi vo Vit Nam; p ng yu cu hi nhp kinh t quc t. Phn u t c mi trng thanh ton hin i, an ton, hiu qu v vng chc v c s php l Vit Nam vo nm 2020. 2.1.3.2.nh hng pht trin TTKDTM ti Vit Nam n nm 2020 Pht trin TTKDTM phi ph hp vi trnh pht trin ca nn kinh t, h tng k thut cng ngh v h thng thanh ton. Cc gii php xy dng trong Ngh nh 161 khng mang tnh hnh chnh, p t, gy tc ng tiu cc km hm s pht trin cc hot ng kinh t - x hi;


Chuyn tt nghip


Pht trin TTKDTM t trong mi quan h cn bng gia li ch chung ca cng ng v li ch ca ngi s dng dch v thanh ton, ca cc t chc cung ng dch v thanh ton; nhng bin php h tr ca Nh nc ch mang tnh cht ngn hn, nhm to ra bc t ph ban u cho s pht trin TTKDTM. Cc gii php pht trin TTKDTM hng ti vic s dng cc bin php kinh t l ch yu nhm huy ng cc ngun lc ca khu vc t nhn u t pht trin TTKDTM. Ngun lc ca Nh nc ch c s dng trong trng hp ngun lc ca t nhn khng ln hoc cho nhng d n mang tnh chin lc lu di, hnh thnh c s nn tng thc y s pht trin chung ca ton b cc hot ng thanh ton ca nn

2.2. L lun c bn v phng thc TTKDTM TTKDTM l hnh thc chuyn s tin nht nh t ti khon ca n v ny sang ti khon ca n v khc bng cc th thc thanh ton ca ngn hng nh : y nhim thu, y nhim chi, Sc thng qua Ngn hng chi tr cho nhau cng a phng hoc khc a phng 2.2.1. S cn thit khch quan v vai tr ca cng tc TTKDTM 2.2.1.1. S cn thit khch quan ca TTKDTM trong nn kinh t th trng: Cng vi s pht trin ca h thng ngn hng v nhng ng dng thnh tu cng ngh thng tin, t ng ha, c rt nhiu hnh thc TTKDTM tin li, an ton , ang c s dng ph bin nhiu nc trn th gii. Phng tin thanh ton tin mt l khng th thiu, song ngy nay, thanh ton bng tin mt khng cn l phng tin thanh ton ti u trong cc giao dch thng mi, dch v na, c bit l giao dch c gi tr v khi lng ln. Cc hot ng giao dch thng mi, dch v, hng ha ngy nay din ra mi lc, mi ni, vt qua c gii hn v khong cch. Xt trn nhiu gc , khi hot ng thanh ton trong x hi cn thc hin ph bin bng tin mt, nht l trong thanh ton cc khon c gi tr ln c th dn n mt s bt li v ri ro nh: Chi ph ca x hi t


Chuyn tt nghip


chc hot ng thanh ton (nh chi ph ca Chnh ph cho vic in tin; chi ph vn chuyn, bo qun, kim, m tin ca h thng ngn hng, ca cc ch th tham gia giao dch thanh ton) l rt tn km; Vic thc hin giao dch thanh ton bng tin mt vi khi lng ln d b cc i tng phm php li dng gian ln, trn thu, tr hon hoc khng thc hin ngha v tr n i vi ngn hng hoc cc ch n; Vn an ninh trong thanh ton, bo qun, vn chuyn tin mt lun tim n nhiu nguy him; S dng nhiu tin mt trong giao dch thanh ton ca x hi s l mi trng thun li cho ti phm lu hnh tin gi, e da trc tip n li ch ca cc t chc, c nhn v tnh hnh an ninh quc gia. Cc bt li v ri ro trn y l vn xy ra vi bt k quc gia no, song vi cc nc m thanh ton bng tin mt cn mc ph bin trong x hi, tnh hnh s cng phc tp v kh kim sot hn. 2.2.1.2. Vai tr ca TTKDTM trong nn kinh t th trng: Khi nn kinh t chuyn sang kinh t th trng, TTKDTM gi mt vai tr rt quan trng i vi tng n v kinh t, tng c nhn v i vi ton b nn kinh t, bt k mt nh sn xut no cng u mong mun ng vn ca mnh tham gia vo nhiu chu k sn xut v sinh li ti a cho mnh, do h mun sn phm ca h lm ra phi c tiu th ngay trn th trng v thu c tin tip tc mt chu k sn xut mi. TTKDM phc v cho sn xut lu thng hng ha khng ngng pht trin: Mc tiu ca sn xut hng ha l bn tiu th, thng qua khu tiu th cc doanh nghip s thu hi li vn tip tc chu k sn xut tip theo T HSXH-T, qu trnh c thng qua khu thanh ton. Nh vy khu thanh ton c v tr ht sc quan trng trong qu trnh t chc v tiu th hng ha. Do vy, nu t chc tt TTKDTM s c tc ng to ln n vic thc y sn xut v lu thng hng ha khng ngng pht trin. Gp phn n nh lu thng tin t, gim chi ph lu thng x hi: M rng TTKDTM s to iu kin gim chi ph lu thng tin mt, tit kim lao ng x hi: vic m rng TTKDTM s lm tng khi lng tin ghi s v gim khi


Chuyn tt nghip


lng tin mt trong lu thng, t s tit gim c chi ph cho ton x hi ni chung v cho ngnh Ngn hng ni ring do tit gim c chi ph v in n tin, kim m, vn chuyn, bo qun tin. Gp phn tng ngun vn cho NHTM: Cng tc TTKDTM cng pht trin, cng m rng th ngun vn Ngn hng huy ng c t s d trn cc ti khon tin gi thanh ton ca cc t chc kinh t s tng ln, tng ngun vn tn dng ca Ngn hng. ng thi thng qua TTKDTM, Ngn hng nm mt cch chnh xc, hp l tnh hnh thiu vn ca cc bn tham gia thanh ton, kp thi cho vay, pht tin vay ng mc ch v vt t hng ha m bo.

Phc v vic ch o thc hin chnh sch tin t quc gia ca Ngn hng nh nc (NHNN): M rng TTKDTM gp phn thc hin tt chnh sch tin t ca NHNN: vic m rng hnh thc TTKDTM s lm gim c khi lng ln tin mt trong lu thng v lm tng khi lng tin ghi s, iu gip cho NHNN c th s dng hu hiu cc cng c ca chnh sch tin t. Nh vy, TTKDTM gi mt vai tr ht sc quan trng. ng trn gic ca ngnh Ngn hng, n phn nh kh trung thc trnh qun l, trnh k thut nghip v k thut ca Ngn hng cng nh s tn nhim ca khch hng. Trong ni b mt Ngn hng, TTKDTM khng ch tc ng n nghip v thanh ton m cn tc ng ti cc nghip v khc ca Ngn hng nh nghip v tn dng. Nu lm tt cng tc TTKDTM s thc y nghip v tn dng pht trin v ngc li. i i vi s pht trin k thut tin hc, ngy nay hot ng Ngn hng hin i cng chuyn hng kinh doanh bng cch m rng cc dch v thay cho kinh doanh chnh lch li sut tin gi v cho vay l ch yu trc y, trong dch v thanh ton ng vai tr trng tm v c bit quan trng. 2.2.2.Yu cu v qui nh chung v TTKDTM:


Chuyn tt nghip2.2.2.1. Yu cu cng tc TTKDTM: Thi gian thanh ton nhanh Chi ph thanh ton thp


m bo qu trnh thanh ton chnh xc an ton v n nh Gim thiu ri ro trong thanh ton H thng thanh ton phi l h thng m 2.2.2.2. Qui nh chung v cng tc TTKDTM: y mnh cng tc TTKDTM. Nhiu vn bn php lut qui nh v lnh vc thanh ton c Chnh ph ban hnh nh: Ngh nh s 64/2001/N- CP ngy 20/09/2001 v hot ng thanh ton qua cc t chc cung ng dch v thanh ton. Thng c Ngn hng Nh nc ban hnh nhiu Quyt nh, thng t, ch th mi nh Quyt nh s 226/2002/Q-NHNN ngy 26/03/2002 thay th cho Quyt nh 22/Q-NHNH ngy 21/02/1994 v ban hnh th l TTKDTM,Th tng Chnh ph ban hnh n TTKDTM giai on 2006-2010 v nh hng n nm 2020 (ban hnh km theo Quyt nh s 291/2006/Q-TTg ngy 29/12/2009),Ch th 20/2007/CT-TTg ngy 24/08/2007 v vic tr lng qua ti khon cho cc i tng hng lng t ngn sch nh nc. Cc vn bn ny nhm hon thin dn ch TTKDTM cho ph hp vi yu cu i mi ca nn kinh t, to iu kin cho cc t chc tn dng trin khai nhiu hnh thc thanh ton, tng bc ha nhp vi h thng thanh ton theo thng l quc t. Cc doanh nghip , c quan, t chc,cng dn Vit Nam v ngi nc ngoi hot ng trn lnh th Vit Nam c quyn la chn Ngn hng m ti khon giao dch v thanh ton. Khch hng mun thanh ton qua Ngn hng thc hin cc nguyn tc sau: Phi m ti khon tin gi ti Ngn hng v trn ti khon phi m bo c s d p ng nhu cu thanh ton. Ch ti khon phi chu trch nhim v vic chi tr vt s d trn ti khon v chu pht theo th l TTKDTM, chu trch nhim v nhng sai st, li dng trn nhng giy t thanh ton ca ca nhng ngi c ch ti khon y quyn k thay.


Chuyn tt nghip


Khi thc hin thanh ton qua Ngn hng, ch ti khon phi chp hnh nhng quy nh v hng dn ca Ngn hng v vic lp nhng chng t thanh ton, phng thc np, lnh tin Ngn hng. Trn cc giy t thanh ton du v ch k phi ng mu ng k ti Ngn hng. Ch ti khon t t chc hch ton, theo di s d tin gi Ngn hng, nu s liu ca Ngn hng v s sch ca mnh c s chnh lch th phi bo ngay cho Ngn hng bit cng nhau i chiu, iu chnh li s liu cho khp ng. Ngn hng c trch nhim kim sot giy t thanh ton ca khch hng, s d trn ti khon v chi tr kp thi theo yu cu ca khch hng, mi sai st do ch quan Ngn hng lm thit hi n khch hng u phi bi thng theo qui nh

2.2.3.Mt s nhn t tc ng n cng tc TTKDTM: TTKDTM l phm tr kinh t c mi quan h vi ton b hot ng ca nn sn xut x hi, do vy chu s tc ng ca nhiu nhn t ca qu trnh ti sn xut trong nn kinh t nh : - Mi trng kinh t v m, s n nh chnh tr x hi. - Mi trng php l. - Tm l, thi quen, trnh dn tr v thu nhp ca ngi dn. - Qui m Ngn hng. - Khoa hc k thut v cng ngh. - Nhn t con ngi. 2.2.4. Qui trnh cc nghip v TTKDTM: 2.2.4.1. Qui trnh chuyn tin i ca cc sn phm OL1 n OO3:


Chuyn tt nghipCc giai on ca qui trnh chuyn tin i 1) Tip nhn qui trnh chuyn tin i ca khch hng Thc hin GDV


Ni dung

-Chuyn tin t TK CA/SA, tin mt: nhn lnh trc tip t khch hng : + Loi tin chuyn l ng tin khch hng c (v d: chuyn tin i bng VN t TK VN) + Loi tin chuyn khc ng tin khch hng c (v d: chuyn tin i bng VN t TK VN) -Chuyn tin t TK G/L: trong trng hp x l thanh toncc khon tin sau tra sot, sau khi thc hin giao dch hon tr, chuyn tip giao dch thanh tonca cc phn h nghip v khc,

chi tiu ni b. 2) Kim tra lnh Thc hin GDV chuyn tin -Chng t lp ng theo qui nh -Mu du, ch k hp l ng vi ng k ti Ngn hng -Tun th cc qui nh v qun l ngoi hi -ng qui nh v mua bn ngoi t kinh doanh -Nhn lnh chuyn tin khi cn gi giao dch, phi x l ngay. -Nhn lnh chuyn tin khi ht gi giao dch, GDV ghi ngy gi nhn lnh v c x l vo ngy lm vic tip theo. -Nu chng t khng t yu cu chuyn tr li cho khch hng yu cu b sung, lm mi. 3) Thu tin mt Thc hin GDV (nu c) -Nu khch hng chuyn tr ph bng tin mt, tin hnh thu s


Chuyn tt nghip


tin phi np ca khch hng 4) X l giao dch Thc hin GDV -Chn ngun tin thanh ton +Chuyn tin t tin mt +Chuyn tin t TK CA +Chuyn tin t TK SA + Chuyn tin t TK G/L -La chn sn phm chuyn tin -Xc nh ph chuyn tin +Ngi th hng chu +Ngi chuyn tin chu: tr bng tin mt/ ghi n TK CA/SA +Mc gim gi ph chuyn tin p dng cho khch hng (nu c) -Nhp y , chnh xc thng tin ngi chuyn tin ca khch hng -Trong trng hp nhn li lnh do KSV chuyn tr li, GDV cn c vo l do chuyn tr li thc hin -Nu giao dch vt qu hn mc giao dch ca GDV th thc hin bc 5, nu khng th thc hin bc 6 5) Ph duyt giao Thc hin KSV dch -Kim tra lnh chuyn tin -Kim tra ni dung x l giao dch ca GDV, ph duyt giao dch -Nu khng chp thun chuyn tr li GDV


Chuyn tt nghip6) In chng t Thc hin GDV -In chng t:


+In trn lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng +Phiu hch ton 1 lin (nu chuyn tin t G/L) +In 4 lin UNC (i vi sn phm OL2) chuyn sang t chc 7) Phn tn dng khc phi Thc hin GDV -Tr bo n cho khch hng: 1 lin lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng -Chuyn b phn i thanh ton lin hng: +i thanh ton b tr (sn phm OL1,OL6): 2 lin lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng trong trng hp tr li giao dch b tr n ngy trc, chuyn 1 lin phiu hoch ton km 1 lin bo c chuyn tin nhm +Thanh ton qua TK tin gi ti t chc tn dng khc (sn phm OL2): 1 lin lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng hoc 1 lin phiu hoch ton, km 4 lin UNC -Chuyn GDV SWIFT/T5 Editor (sn phm 002, 003): 1 lin lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng hoc bn sao chng t gc chuyn tin n trong trng hp chuyn tr li ngn hng gi in, hoc chuyn tr tip ngn hng khc -Chuyn b G/L: bng k giao dch trong ngy km 1 lin lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng, 1 lin phiu hch ton.

chng t

7.1) chuyn

D ti

liu Thc hin chng trnh chi


Chuyn tt nghipnhnh thanh ton h i vi sn phm OL3, Ol7


-Ti chi nhnh thanh ton h thc hin chi tr tin cho khch hng theo qui trnh thanh ton SIBS (SIBS ti chi nhnh tr tin) -Ti chi nhnh thanh ton h thc hin i thanh ton b tr

(TTBT) (theo qui trnh i giao dch TTBT) 7.2)X l giao dch Thc hin GDV c nhim v i TTBT i TTBT i vi -Thc hin theo qui trnh i giao dch TTBT sn phm OL1 7.3)Chuyn chng Thc hin GDV c nhim v i thanh ton lin hng t i thanh ton qua TK tin gi ti t chc tn dng khc i vi sn phm OL2 7.4)Chuyn in i Thc hin: chng trnh t ng chuyn giao dch ra GW-IBPS, IBPS a vo CI-TAD ca h thng IBPS -Chi nhnh c CI-TAD tip tc thc hin vic x l in ti CITAD theo ng qui trnh thanh ton qua IBPS ca NHNN, hng dn hi s chnh i vi chi nhnh u mi. 7.5) 7.5.1) Son in i Thc hin GDV SWIFT/T5 T5/SWIFT/TELE X i vi sn OL5, -Truy cp SWIFT/T5/Editor -Cn c lnh chuyn tin ca khch hng do GDV BDS chuyn ti thc hin son, in in. Thc hin: KSV SWIFT/T5 7.5.2) Ph duyt in X -Nu chp nhn k ph duyt in i -Kim tra in do GDV SWIFT/T5 son so vi lnh gc T5/SWIFT/TELE - Truy cp SWIFT/T5/Editor phm 002,003 -K, ng du trn lnh chuyn tin i, v hon tt cc th tc lin quan theo qui nh ca t chc tn dng ni m TK


Chuyn tt nghip


-Nu khng chp nhn y in li, giao dich giao li cho GDV sa li cho ng

2.2.4.2.Qui trnh chuyn tin n t IBPS: Cc giai on ca qui trnh chuyn Ni dung n t IBPS 1)Nhn in n t Thc hin: chng trnh nhn in n t GW-IBPSvo SIBS bt ng ghi c TK ton do chng trnh t ng sinh ra G/L +Ti Chi nhnh: N TK 2701.02.001 (tin gi ti Hi s) C TK 2806.01.002 (chuyn tin phi tr bng in) Thc hin GDV -Kim tra danh mc cc in IBPS n, nhn bit cc in mi 3)Kim dung in -Kim tra tnh hp l ca in n (cc yu t v ngi th hng: tn TK, s chng minh th, ngy cp, ni cp) -Nu hp l th chuyn thc hin bc 4, nu ch dn thanh ton sai cn tra sot th thc hin bc 5 4)X l tr tin Thc hin theo Qui trnh x l giao dch ch thanh ton cho khch hng 5)To tra sot i Thc hin GDV tra n cn x l ni Thc hin GDV

2)In in n


Chuyn tt nghipvi ngn hng gi in


-Hin nay trong SIBS khng c chc nng tra sot, m tra sot bng IQS, v vy GDV thc hin to ra tra sot gi ngn hng gi 6)Ph sot -Kim tra ni dung in v ni dung tra sot, nu chp thun th ph duyt in gi i ti CI-TAD ca chi nhnh, nu khng chp nhn th hy in yu cu GDV lm li 2.2.4.3. Qui trnh x l in n t T5: Cc giai on ca qui trnh x l in n t T5 1)Nhn in n t Thc hin GDV T5 Editor giao ton 2)X l giao dch din thanh -Nhn in n t T5 -In in n 2 lin Thc hin GDV T5 Editor -Kim tra ni dung in n la chn sn phm ph hp: * Sn phm IL8: +Ghi c CA/SA +Hch ton G/L, la chn Closed s chuyn tin, TK G/L mc nh hch ton l 2807.01.002 ++Ch thanh ton cho khch hng, khi thanh ton thc hin qui trnh x l giao dch ch thanh ton ++Giao dch c sai lm ch tra sot in, GDV thc hin tip theo vic to in tra sot (N195, N196) gi ngn hng gi lnh. Khi c kt qu tra sot thc hin theo qui trnh x l giao dch ch Ni dung duyt lnh chuyn tin ti CI-TAD ca chi nhnh tra Thc hin KSV


Chuyn tt nghip


thanh ton +Hch ton G/L, la chn Actived s chuyn tin, ch la chn tnh hung ny trong trng hp chuyn tr giao dch, hoc chuyn chng t sang cc phn h khc hch ton tip. Khi la chn tnh hung ny, GDV phi nhp s liu TK G/L thch hp (khng c s dng TK 2807.01.002) *Sn phm IL9: chuyn tip i TTBT +Thanh ton ngay trong ngy:(sau khi giao dch ph duyt, bt ton mc dnh sinh ra: N TK 2701.02.001 C TK 2807.01.003 ng thi thng tin ca giao dch chuyn vo bng k 12, 14 i b tr),s chuyn tin c trng thi Closed +Thanh ton vo ngy lm vic tip theo (sau thi im Cut-off time i b tr), (sau khi giao dch c ph duyt, bt ton mc nh t ng sinh ra: N TK 2701.02.001 C TK 2807.01.002 Vi s chuyn tin c trng thi l Active, sang ngy lm vic tip theothng tin ca giao dch chuyn vo bng k 12, 14 i b tr) v GDV cn thc hin giao dch Inward Payment Credit to G/L thc hin ghi c sang TK 2807.01.003 nhm i trnh thi ca s chuyn tin thnh Closed *Sn phm IL10: chuyn tip sang h thng chuyn tin in t lin ngn hng (IBPS). Ch c nhng chi nhnh c tham gia


Chuyn tt nghip


IBPS mi c s dng sn phm ny. +GDV nhn b sung gi tr cn thiu (nu c) vo cc trng hp: ++Ngn hng phc v ngi th hng ++TK khch hng chuyn tin +Xc nh thi im chuyn tip in ngay trong ngy sang IBPS. Thi im chn phi nh hn hoc bng thi im Cut-off time 3)In chng t sn phm IL10 Thc hin GDV T5 Editor -In thm bn sao in n lm giy bo c cho khch hng i vi sn phm IL9 -Giy bo c t ng in ra trong chng trnh 4)Ph duyt giao Thc hin KSV T5 Editor dch -Kim tra ni dung trn lnh chuyn tin n -Kim tra ni dung x l giao dch ca GDV -Nu chp nhn k ph duyt giao dch -Nu khng chp nhn chuyn tr li GDV km l do 5)Phn phi chng Thc hin GDV T5 Editor t -Tr cho khch hng: 1 lin in n hoc giy mi lnh tin trong trng hp chi tr khch hng vng lai -Chuyn GDV gi TK G/L cc khon ch thanh ton: 1 lin giy bo c, bn sao in n -Chuyn b phn G/L cui ngy: 1 lin giy bo c, 1 lin in n, in tra sot (nu c) km bng k giao dch ti Back end trong ngy 6)X l in i ti GDV, KSV thc hin theo ng qui trnh do NHNN qui nh


Chuyn tt nghipCI-TAD i vi


sn phm IL10 7)X l in ti -Cn c vo s chuyn tin la chn cc giao dch; H.O vo ngy lm vic tip theo i vi sn phm IL10 +Chuyn i IBPS +Hy b/ xa giao dch da trn cc thng tin hp l. khi hy b, GDV s dng ng s chuyn tin thanh ton khp ng TK 2807.01.002 -In bng k cc in chuyn i Thc hin KSV -Cn c thng tin cc in c GDV x l tin hnh ph duyt in, nu khng chp nhn chuyn tr li GDV x l, cc in sau khi c ph duyt s y vo CI-TAD v tip tc x l nh bc 6 nu trn. 2.3. Thc trng TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM Trong giai on 2001 - 2008 hot ng thanh ton ngn hng ni chung v CN BIDV Tp.HCM ni ring c s chuyn bin mnh m. Nhiu phng tin thanh ton v dch v thanh ton mi, hin i, tin ch ra i, p ng c nhiu loi nhu cu ca ngi s dng dch v thanh ton, vi phm vi tip cn m rng ti cc i tng c nhn v dn c. Nhng bc pht trin gn y trong lnh vc thanh ton CN BIDV Tp.HCM th hin nh sau: Doanh thu t dch v ca CN tng ng k nm 2008 l 78 t ng tng 24 t ng so vi nm 2007 l 54 t ng v thu t dch v nm 2008 chim 20.9% tng thu nhp rng. Th hin qua biu 2.4, 2.5:


Chuyn tt nghip


Biu 2.4: Thu nhp rng

vt: t ngBI?u d? Thu nh?p rng

298 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Thu nh?p t? Thu d? v? Thu ho?t Thu khc ch li dng ti chnh 54 78 24 5Nam 2007

245

52 45

Nam 2008

(Ngun bo co cng khai ti chnh nm 2008 ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM) Biu 2.5: T trng thu nhp rngB i?u d? t? tr?ng thu nh?p rng80.00% 60.00% 40.00% 20.00% 0.00% 20.90% 12.60% 5.60% 1.30% 12.10% 12.20% Th u kh c 69.60% 65.70%Nam 2007 Nam 2008

Th u n h ?p t? li Th u d ? v? Th u h o ?t d ng ch ti ch n h

(Ngun bo co cng khai ti chnh nm 2008 ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM) Qua biu Ta thy dch v ca chi nhnh ngy cng c khch hng tin cy v s dng nhiu hn.


Chuyn tt nghip


2.3.1 Thc trng thanh ton trong nc: 2.3.1.1. Thc trng thanh ton Sc: Trong cc hnh thc TTKDTM th Sc l cng c thanh ton c nhiu u im hn cc cng c thanh ton khc. Hin nay, trn th gii thanh ton bng Sc c s dng rng ri, nhng VIt Nam thanh ton bng sc vn cn hn ch v thi quen s dng tin mt v cc bt cp trong qui nh v Sc. Khi tham gia thanh ton bng Sc CN BIDV Tp.HCM tham gia thanh ton phi m bo tun th cc qui nh ca ngn hng gm: Quyt nh s 30/2006/Q-NHNN ngy 11/07/2006 ca Thng c NHNN v ban hnh qui ch cung ng v s dng Sc, Quyt nh 9899/Q- TTT3 ca BIDV Vit Nam ngy 21/12/2006 ban hnh qui trnh cung ng v s dng Sc. - c im sn phm Sc Ti CN: + Khi c nhu cu cung ng Sc khch hng lp Giy ngh cung ng Sc v np vo CN, CN s cung ng Sc. + Khi khch hng xut trnh cc chng t hp l: Sc, bng k np Sc; Chng minh nhn dn, h chiu cn hn hoc giy t ty thn hp php hp l ca ngi nhn tin mt CN BIDV Tp.HCM s kim tra tnh hp php hp l ca t Sc (Ngi th hng hp php, Sc c lp trn mu Sc do BIDV cung ng v in y ni dung qui nh, Sc cn trong thi hn xut trnh thanh ton, ch k v du ca ngi c thm quyn) v cn c ch dn thanh ton trn Sc thanh ton Sc cho ngi th hng. + iu kin khch hng s dng Sc: Khng thuc i tng b cm s dng Sc hoc khng ang trong thi gian b nh ch quyn k pht Sc S lng Sc bn ra tng ln khng qu 5 quyn (50 t) cho mt tin gi thanh ton


Chuyn tt nghip


TK tin gi m bo kh nng thanh ton Sc Sc c ni dung hp l, cn trong thi hn xut trnh thanh ton - Trong cng tc TTKDTM Sc pht huy c u im ca n l: + Sc c th tc pht hnh, thanh ton n gin, thun tin v d thc hin, tit kim thi gian cho ngi pht hnh Sc. + Thi gian thc hin nhanh + an ton, chnh xc cao + Mc ph cnh tranh - Tuy nhin thanh ton bng Sc cng bc l nhng nhc im nht nh do nhiu yu t tc ng ch quan v khch quan gy ra: + Sc b mt + Chm tr thanh ton do Sc khng c kh nng thanh ton v Ngi pht hnh Sc pht hnh Sc qu s d trn TK tin gi ti Ngn hng, do Ngi th hng c th b chim dng vn + Mt t Sc ghi qu nhiu cc yu t, gy kh khn v tm l ngi s dng cho ngi pht hnh trong vic ghi cc yu t trn t Sc 2.3.1.2. Thc trng thanh ton y nhim chi UNC l lnh chi tin do ch TK lp theo mu ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM yu cu CN trch tin t TK ngi lp chuyn vo TK ca ngi th hng. UNC c qui trnh thanh ton n gin nhanh chng:


Chuyn tt nghip


S 2.1: Qui trnh thanh ton UNC

Bn chi tr (1) (1)

Bn th hng

(2)

(5) CN BIDV Tp.HCM (3)

(4) Ngn hng bn th hng

Cc bc thc hin qui trnh thanh ton UNC: + (1) Bn th hng cung cp hng ha hoc dch v cho bn chi tr + (2) Bn chi tr lp UNC np vo CN BIDV Tp.HCM + (3) CN BIDV Tp.HCM thc hin chi tin thng qua Ngn hng bn th hng + (4) Ngn hng bn th hng bo C cho bn th hng + (5) CN BIDV Tp.HCM bo N cho bn chi tr CN BIDV Tp.HCM v khch hng phi chp hnh ng qui nh php l ca nh nc. Khch hng lp v gi UNC vo CN BIDV Tp.HCM. CN phi kim sot chng t xem tnh hp php, hp l ca chng t, ng thi kim sot ch k in t, k hiu mt v kim tra tn, s hiu TK, kh nng thanh ton chi tr s tin trn chng tnu chng t hp l, bn chi tr kh nng thanh ton th CN s thc hin chi tr. Nu khng hp l th CN tr li ngay cho ngi np.


Chuyn tt nghip


u im UNC: + C phm vi thanh ton rng do ngi mua ch ng lp nn c p dng rng ri. + Th tc thanh ton UNC n gin, khng gy phin h cho ngi tr tin, ch sau mt thi gian ngn Ngi bn s nhn c tin m khng cn n NH lm th tc. +Thi gian thanh ton UNC ngn cho nn rt ngn qu trnh lun chuyn vn, gp phn thc y kinh t pht trin. + m bo chuyn tin an ton chnh xc, p ng c nhu cu chuyn tin ca khch hng. Hnh thc thanh ton UNC- chuyn tin c nhiu u im, song vn cn mt s hn ch cn c khc phc cng tc thanh ton c tt hn: + UNC c lp theo mu in sn ca NH, phn ghi ni dung chuyn tin hp nn khng ghi y ni dung chuyn tin. + Thanh ton bng UNC d dn n trng hp n v mua chim dng vn ca n v bn. 2.3.1.3 Thc trng thanh ton UNT: UNT l giy y nhim do khch hng lp theo mu ca NH y nhim cho NH thu h tin t bn chi tr sau khi cung cp hng ha hoc cung ng dch v. Ni dung v qui trnh thanh ton thc hin thanh ton UNT tin hnh qua cc bc nh miu t trong s 2.2:


Chuyn tt nghip


S 2.2: Qui trnh thanh ton UNT (1) Bn chi tr Bn th hng

(5)

(4) (3) (6)

(2)

(7)

NH bn chi tr

CN BIDV Tp.HCM

Cc bc thc hin qui trnh thanh ton UNT: + (1) Bn th hng giao hng hay cung cp dch v cho bn chi tr + (2) Bn th hng lp UNT np vo CN BIDV Tp.HCM y quyn cho CN thu h tin t bn chi tr + (3) CN BIDV Tp.HCM chuyn UNT sang NH bn chi tr i tin bn chi tr + (4) NH bn chi tr chuyn UNT i tin bn chi tr + (5) Bn chi tr ng chuyn tr tin + (6) NH bn chi tr chuyn tin cho CN BIDV Tp.HCM ghi c vo TK bn th hng + (7) CN BIDV Tp.HCM sau khi c s bo C cho bn th hng - Trng hp Ngi chi tr v ngi th hng cng c TK ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM: Khi nhn c UNT km cc ha n chng t giao hng do ngi th hng np vo, CN kim tra tnh hp l ca UNT, kim tra s tha thun thanh ton bng UNT ca Ngi th hng v ngi chi tr, kim tra TK ngi chi tr. Nu iu kin th CN


Chuyn tt nghip


k nhn chng t v ghi ngy thng nm nhn UNT: ghi N v bo N TK ngi chi tr ng thi ghi C v bo C bn th hng. - Trng hp Ngi chi tr c TK ti NH khc v Ngi th hng c TK ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM: GDV ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM tip nhn v kim sot UNT, GDV k tn ng du trn UNT, ghi vo s theo di nhn giy UNT chuyn i (dng lm tra cu khi UNT gi i b tht lc, chm tr) v gi UNT km ha n chng t giao hng cho NH bn th hng. Khi nhn c chng t thanh ton do NH ngi tr tin chuyn n th CN s dng cc chng t hch ton ghi N TK thch hp v ghi C TK tin gi ngi th hng. S dng thanh ton bng UNT trong trng hp hai bn mua bn hng ha hoc dch v cung ng c quan h tn nhim ln nhau. UNT gi i nh thu n gin, d thc hin ,c thi gian thc hin nhanh . Bn cnh thun li th UNT c khuyt im l Bn chi tr khng s d TK chi tr, do bn th hng d b chim dng vn, nh hng n sn xut kinh doanh. 2.3.1.4. Thc trng thanh ton vn gia cc Ngn hng 2.3.1.4.1. Thanh ton lin hng Thanh ton lin hng thc cht l vic chuyn tin t NH ny n NH khc phc v thanh ton tin hng ha, dch v ca bn mua v bn bn, khi c hai khch hng m TK ti cc Ngn hng khc nhau, hoc l chuyn cp vn, iu ha vn trong ni b h thng NH. Nh thanh ton lin hng m khch hng khng tn nhiu chi ph do phi vn chuyn nhiu tin mt t ni ny n ni khc, ng thi gip CN BIDV Tp.HCM s dng vn tit kim v c hiu qu gp phn lm tng li nhun ca CN. 2.3.1.4.2. Thanh ton b tr:


Chuyn tt nghip


TTBT gia CN BIDV Tp.HCM v NH khc c tham gia TTBT vi CN, kho bc nh nc trong (hoc ngoi) thnh ph do NHNN ch tr. Cc NH thnh vin tham gia TTBT, hng ngy (bui sng 9h30 v bui chiu 15h )lp bng k chng t mu 12 gi cho cc NH thnh vin c lin quan. Cc NH thnh vin cn c vo bng k mu 12 lp bng k TTBT (mu 14) gi NH ch tr, cn c vo bng k mu 14 ca cc NH thnh vin, NHNN cui ngy lp v gi kt qu TTBT (mu 15) cho cc NH thnh vin. Hng ngy, CN BIDV Tp.HCM thc hin tt cc phin giao dch, cc chng t c giao nhn kp thi ngay trong phin giao dch ti NHNN, kt qu thanh ton kp thi. Tuy nhin do nhu cu thanh ton ngy cng ln ca khch hng, yu cu thanh ton nhanh chng kp thi, bi vy nh nc cn qui nh s phin giao dch cho ph hp. 2.3.2. Thc trng chuyn tin trong v ngoi nc: Cc phng giao dch, CN trc thuc BIDV Vit Nam khng c php thc hin chuyn tin ra nc ngoi 2.3.2.1 Chuyn tin i: Khch hng chuyn tin ra lnh cho CN BIDV Tp.HCM chuyn tin cho ngi th hng. CN BIDV Tp.HCM v khch hng tham gia thanh ton phi tun th cc qui nh php l ca nh nc, ca ngnh ngn hng. ng tin chuyn i l ngoi t th vic chuyn tin phi tun th cc qui nh v qun l ngoi hi v CN BIDV Tp.HCM phi thc hin ng cc qui nh v mua bn ngoi t kinh doanh Hot ng ca dch v: + Khi s dng dch v chuyn tin i khch hng c th np tin mt/ lp chng t giy/ chng t in t yu cu trch n TK tin gi thanh ton ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM + CN BIDV Tp.HCM cn c ch dn trn lnh ca khch hng s chuyn tin ti cc NH th hng


Chuyn tt nghip


+ Lnh thanh ton c chuyn qua cc knh thanh ton: chuyn khon gia cc khch hng m TK tin gi thanh ton ti h thng BIDV; TTBT bng chng t giy, chng t in t; thanh ton in t song phng vi NH nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, NH cng thng, Sacombank, Kho bc nh nc, Vietcombank; thanh ton a phng qua h thng thanh ton in t lin NH ca NHNN; thanh ton in t vi khch hng homebanking, internet-banking + Khch hng phi m bo kh nng thanh ton GDV thc hin cc lnh chuyn tin i. Li ch ca chuyn tin i: + Th tc chuyn tin n gin, d thc hin, an ton, chnh xc cao + Thi gian chuyn tin nhanh chng do BIDV c mng li chi nhnh rng khp 64 tnh, Thnh ph; h thng thanh ton hin i, nhiu knh, trc tuyn song phng, a phng, hng mc ph cnh tranh nht. + Khch hng s dng dch v cho nhiu mc ch: chuyn tin cho i tc, ngi thn, bn b, thanh ton ha n tin tin in, ncthanh ton nh k theo yu cu nh ph thu nh, vay n, tr lng, tr thng Bn cnh li ch cn c nhng ri ro: + T pha khch hng: chm tr trong thanh ton do khch hng ch dn sai thng tin ngi hng: sai tn, sai s chng minh th, sai s hiu TK, sai tn NH hng + T pha NH: chm tr, do h thng gp s c k thut, qu ti, ng truyn khng thng. * X l cc giao dch chuyn tin in i khng thnh cng: - Trng hp in i khng chuyn c ra ngoi h thng n NH nhn in


Chuyn tt nghip


+ i vi cc in ca sn phm OL4, OL5, OL7,OO3, SL2, SL3 khng thnh cng th c x l nh sau: Sn phm OL4, OL5, OO3, SL2, SL3: cn c vo kt qu i chiu ca IBPS hoc in tra sot ca CN u mi hoc in tra sot ca Hi s chnh th hin cc in C cha c chuyn ra ngoi h thng BIDV v phi hy b cc bt ton ca giao dch li, CN khi to in x l ty thuc vo tnh hung c th: Nu phi ghi C li TK CA/SA: phng dch v khch hng s dng phn h tin gi thc hin: N TK G/L thch hp C TK CA/SA Ri chuyn phng ti chnh k ton 1 lin giy bo n km giy ngh hch ton x l tt ton TK G/L ghi n: N TK Nostro C TK G/L Nu treo ghi c TK G/L chuyn tin tip, phng ti chnh k ton hch ton: N TK Nostro C TK G/L thch hp Phng dch v khch hng cn c 1 lin phiu hch ton do phng ti chnh k ton chuyn, thc hin to in mi chuyn tin i t TK G/L thch hp m phng ti chnh k ton ghi C. Sn phm OL7: trng hp mun loi b giao dch ra khi bng k 12, 14 trong ngy, CN gi in thc hin: cn c in tra sot ca CN thanh ton h, s dng chc nng Error correction thc hin. - Trng hp giao dch b NH nhn in ghi C tr li v sai ch dn thanh ton:


Chuyn tt nghip


Ti CN thanh ton h: s dng sn phm OL3 chuyn tin tr li v ghi l do b chuyn tr cng thng tin ca giao dch gc trong ni dung giao dch Ti CN chuyn tin: thng xuyn tra cu thng tin cc giao dch ch thanh ton ti CN x l tip tc cho ph hp, kp thi - Trng hp CN u mi nhn c lnh chuyn tin hon tr nhng chiu chuyn tin i khng phi qua CN mnh thc hin: nu cc thng tin trn lnh chuyn tr li khng xc nh c lnh chuyn tin i xut pht t CN no th cn lin h vi NH thc hin hon tr hoc trung tm thanh ton xc nh CN khi to, khi bit c CN khi to giao dch th thc hin chuyn tr cho CN . 2.3.2.2. Chuyn tin n: Khi nhn c yu cu thanh ton, CN BIDV Tp.HCM phc v ngi th hng s thc hin thanh ton bng cch ghi C vo TK hoc chi tr tin mt cho ngi hng. Qui trnh chuyn tin ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 6953/Q-KT2 ngy 01/12/2004 ca Tng gim c BIDV, qui trnh qun l v x l h thng qun l tp trung hnh nh, ch k ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 6167/Q-KHPT2 ngy 14/11/2005. Hot ng chuyn tin: + CN BIDV Tp.HCM phc v ngi th hng cn c lnh chuyn tin n s thc hin ghi c vo TK tin gi thanh ton/ chi tr tin mt cho ngi th hng. + Lnh chuyn tin n t cc knh thanh ton: TTBT trn a bn thnh ph, thanh ton in t trong hoc ngoi a bn tnh.( chuyn khon gia cc khch hng m TK tin gi thanh ton ti h thng BIDV; TTBT bng chng t giy, chng t in t; thanh ton in t song phng vi NH nng nghip v pht trin nng thn, NH cng thng, Sacombank, Kho bc nh nc, Vietcombank; thanh ton a phng qua h thng thanh ton in t lin NH ca NHNN) u im ca chuyn tin n: + Th tc n gin, thun tin


Chuyn tt nghip


+ Nhn tin nhanh chng, chnh xc, an ton; khch hng hng ph cnh tranh + Hng li sut hp dn vi s d trn TK tin gi ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM Bn cnh u im cn tn ti nhng mt hn ch: + Chm tr trong thanh ton do n v chuyn ch dn sai thng tin n v hng, sai tn, chng minh th, sai s hiu ti khon, sai tn NH hng; do h thng thng tin b s c k thut, qu ti, ng truyn khng thng. * Sa li giao dch chuyn tin in n c ph duyt: - i vi sn phm chuyn tin n IL1, IL3, IL8, IL9, IL10 c KSV ph duyt, SIBS cha c chc nng hy b giao dch. V vy nu c sai lm i vi cc giao dch c ph duyt th cch thc x l l phi thc hin qua phn h khc: G/L, tin gi + Nu cn ghi n TK CA/SA s tin ghi c: s dng phn h tin gi thc hin: N TK CA /SA C TK G/L phi tr thch hp Chuyn 1 lin giy bo N cho phng ti chnh - k ton x l tip: N TK G/L phi tr thch hp N thu nhp (nu c) N VAT (nu c) C TK Nostro/ TTBT thch hp vi tng sn phm + Nu cn ghi C li TK CA/SA s tin ghi N. S dng phn h tin gi thc hin: N TK G/L thch hp


Chuyn tt nghip

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Quc AnhC TK CA/SA

Chuyn 1 lin giy bo C cho phng ti chnh k ton x l tip: N TK Nostro/ TTBT thch hp vi tng sn phm C TK G/L thch hp Nu giao dch iu chnh lin quan n TK G/L th thc hin chuyn tin phng ti chnh k ton hch ton ph hp. 2.3.3. Thc trng thu ph ti CN: CN BIDV Tp.HCM thc hin dch v thanh ton theo yu cu ca khch hng bao gm dch v trong cng mt Ngn hng v dch v thanh ton khc Ngn hng thng qua chuyn tin hai phm vi cung ng dch v thanh ton c p dng thu ph khc nhau: -Cc khon thanh ton trc tip gia khch hng vi khch hng trong cng Ngn hng v gia khch hng vi ngn hng ni m ti khon v tr n, tr li, np tin mt, cc khon vay th CN BIDV Tp.HCM khng c thu ph. -Cc khon thanh ton khc ngn hng phi qua chuyn tin th Ngn hng thu ph. Ph vi CN BIDV Tp.HCM p dng theo cng vn 2496/cv-BIDV Vit Nam: + Np tin mt vo TK (tr TK tit kim c k hn v khng k hn): * Np tin mt vo TK khc chi nhnh, cng tnh vi l ph 0.02%/s tin np vo * Np tin mt vo TK khc tnh vi l ph 0.03%/s tin np vo + Rt tin mt t TK tin gi thanh ton, k c rt bng sc * Rt tin mt khc chi nhnh cng tnh vi l ph 0.01%/s tin rt * Rt tin mt khc tnh vi l ph 0.02%/s tin rt


Chuyn tt nghip


+ Trch t TK tin chuyn i trong h thng BIDV ngi th hng nhn bng tin mt: * Chuyn tin tr cho ngi th hng nhn tin mt khc CN cng tnh vi l ph l 0.02%/ s tin chuyn * Chuyn tin tr cho ngi th hng nhn tin mt khc tnh vi l ph l 0.03%/ s tin chuyn +Trch t TK chuyn tin i khc h thng BIDV: * Chuyn tin i khc h thng BIDV cng tnh: S tin < 500.000.000 ng v khch hng a lnh trong bui sng th l ph l 7000 ng/mn S tin > 500.000.000 ng tr ln hoc khch hng a lnh sau bui sng th l ph l 0.012%/s tin chuyn * Thanh ton tng ln qua TK tin gi NHNN, t chc tn dng khc cng tnh vi l ph 0.03%/s tin chuyn * Chuyn tin i khc tnh vi l ph 0.05%/s tin chuyn + Chuyn tin n (p dng cc khon chuyn tin ngoi h thng BIDV): * Chuyn tin n tr vo TK: min ph * Chuyn tin n, tr bng tin mt vi l ph 0.03%/ s tin chuyn + Tra sot, hy lnh chuyn tin i do li ca khch hng th l ph l 20.000VND/mn + Giao dch thanh ton nh thu v giao dch sc: * UNT gi i TTBT cng tnh: l ph 5000 VND/mn * Nhn sc gi i TTBT cng tnh: l ph 5000 VND/t


Chuyn tt nghip


* UNT gi i thanh ton khc tnh: l ph 5000 VND/mn + chi ph gi i ngoi tnh * Nhn thu h sc ngoi h thng BIDV, khc tnh vi l ph l 10.000 VND/t + chi ph bu in theo thc t Nhn chung, Ph dch v gp phn ng k vo vic tng thu nhp CN BIDV Tp.HCM. Tuy nhin, trong qu trnh hi nhp hin nay, khuyn khch khch hng m TK, s dng dch v TK qua ngn hng v tng kh nng cnh tranh vi cc ngn hng khc th CN nn min, gim mt s loi ph ng thi p dng nhiu bin php nhm thu ht thm khch hng (c bit l khch hng doanh nghip) 2.3.4. Cc sai st v ri ro thng gp khi thc hin cng tc TTKDTM ti CN: V d minh ha ng Nguyn S Hng

Sai 1) Sai st trn - Tn VH b sai k Nguyn S Hng tn n

Loi sai st

Ni dung sai st

v t gia I v Y - Tn VH vit tt Cng ty DTV Trng Cng ty du thc hng (VH) nhng ch cc u An vt Trng An - Sai li chnh t do Ti chnh Ti Chnh pht m khc nhau gia cc vng min trong nc -Tn VH b ghi X Nghip 1 nhm gia ch La Tinh, ch s La m X Nghip I X Nghip mt v bng ch -Tn VH ghi tha Cng ty CP XDGT Cng Cng ty CP XDGT ni dung ph trong chnh (X nghip vn Cng chnh du () hoc du - ti) -Trong tn VH c DVTM o ng thuc v chc nng cng ty - Trong tn VH c Cng ty CP Vinamilk- Chi nhnh Cng ty o ch TNHH hoc Chi nhnh ti Bnh nh CP Vinamilk ti TMDV X Nghip I


Chuyn tt nghipChi nhnh

GVHD: Th.S Nguyn Quc AnhBnh nh

-Tn VH ghi tha Cng ty XD s 1 hoc thiu ch s trc ch s trong tn VH - Trn trng tn VH ghi xem ni dung hoc b trng v trng ni dung

Cng ty XD 1

c ghi r tn VH - Tn VH c nhng Tn bo c v : Cc Tn ng k m ti thng tin khng c qun l XNK b Ngoi khon: Cc qun l trn tn ng k thng (c trn mu XNK nhng c trn mu du) du - Tn VH g kiu Nguyeexn hueej Telex - Tn VH va ting Cng tc hoc thm tn ting anh trong du () hoc - - Tn VH va ting Cng tc hoc thm tn ting anh trong du () hoc -, tuy nhin tn ting vit ng tn ting anh sai - Trong tn VH bng ting anh s dng ln ln gia hai ty CP TMDV Cng ty CP TMDV ty CP TMDV Cng ty CP TMDV Nguyen hue

vit va ting anh lin Uniliver

vit va ting anh lin Unilivver


Chuyn tt nghipt Company v


Corporation - Trong tn VH bng ting anh s dng ch vit tt 2) Sai st v - Tn tn VH tha TP Quy Nhn tha tn khon thiu, hoc thiu ch ti VH - Tn VH tha hoc CN TP Nng thiu ch TP/ Thnh ph, Tnh -Tn VH tha hoc u t v pht trin thiu ch v/&,ghi ch and thay v ch v - Tn VH tha ch B/Mrs/Ms Bich Loan Mr/Mrs/Ms hoc ng /b trc tn VH l c nhn - Tn VH bng Newworld ting anh tha hoc gon thiu ch S - S ti khon trong 0000140100000005621 h thng BIDV tha t 1 n 5 ch s 0 pha trc - S ti khon trong 310100000153248 VN h thng BIDV tha k hiu tin t pha trc hoc pha sau - S ti khon trong 310100000153248 NH h thng BIDV tha k t ch pha sau - Bo c v tin VN nhng ghi s ti 310100000153248 310100000153248 hotels Sai Newworld hotel Sai gon 140100000005621 Bich Loan u t pht trin CN Nng o ch trn hoc trn ti Ti TP Quy Nhn


Chuyn tt nghipkhon ngoi t v ngc li - Bo c tin v ti khon k hiu c hoc bo c v tn ng k c ca VH 3) S tin


Hai ngn USD

Hai ngn la M

bng ch ghi tt hoc din gii s tin bng s 4) Trong cc lnh bo c trong h thng BIDV, tn v s ti khon khp nhng ngn hng sai 2.3.5. Mt s hnh thc thanh ton khc: BIDV cung cp cc dch v ngn hng in t vi cht lng tt nht, bao gm: VH ng tn hng 100,5 USD: Mt trm 100,5 USD: Mt ngn la M l nm xu 13010000126357 BIDV HCMC trm ngn la M l nm cent ti 13010000126357 ti BIDV SGD2

2.3.5.1. Homebanking Nm 2001, trn c s h thng thanh ton in t tp trung, BIDV pht trin thm ng dng BIDV HomeBanking (ngn hng ti nh). BIDV HomeBanking thc hin hai khi chc nng chnh l giao dch ngn hng v tra cu thng tin. V giao dch ngn hng,


Chuyn tt nghip


BIDV HomeBanking cung cp chc nng chuyn tin in t, bo n, bo c cho khch hng... V phng din thng tin, BIDV HomeBanking cung cp cc bo co i chiu hot ng trong ngy, cc thng tin v ti khon, lit k giao dch, s chi tit ti khon v cc thng tin, ngn hng nh t gi, li sut... Vi dch v ny, khch hng c th thng qua my tnh kt ni vi h thng thanh ton ca BIDV tho mn cc nhu cu ny ti nh... n nay, h thng BIDV HomeBanking c khong 100 khch hng (ch yu l doanh nghip) s dng: Citibank H Ni, Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi, Deutsche Bank, Lao Viet Bank H ni, Trung tm Giao dch Chng khon TPHCM, Cng ty Sa Vinamilk, Cng ty Xi-mng Hong Thch, Cng ty Xi mng Bt Sn,... Hin nay, Trung tm Cng ngh Thng tin BIDV ang tip tc hon thin quy trnh, chng trnh BIDV HomeBanking theo hng gng vi qu trnh trin khai D n hin i ha ngn hng v cc phng thc hin i nh cung cp dch v Intenetbanking. Li ch em li cho khch hng s dng: Tit kim chi ph i li, giao dch vi ngn hng; Bit chnh xc, kp thi tnh trng ti khon tin gi, tin vay ti BIDV;Nm bt thng tin ngn hng nhanh hn; Qun l cng n chnh xc, hiu qu hn;Thc hin cc lnh thanh ton nhanh hn. 2.3.5.2. Vn tin qua TK in thoi di ng Mobi Banking l knh phn phi ca dch v ngn hng in t BIDV. Khch hng c th bit thng tin v ti khon ca mnh ti BIDV v cc thng tin ngn hng khc. Cc ni dung tin nhn gi t BIDV n khch hng, bao gm: Thng tin ti khon tin gi ngay sau khi ti khon c chnh thc ghi C (hoc ghi N); Thng tin t gi hi oi. Khch hng c th yu cu BIDV gi tin t gi theo tn sut hng ngy, hng tun, thng tin li sut tin gi ca BIDV. Ni dung tin nhn khch hng gi n BIDV yu cu cung cp dch v: Vn tin s d ti khon, vn tin giao dch cui cng gn nht (trong khon thi gian 06 thng), vn tin t gi hi oi, vn tin li sut tin gi ca BIDV


Chuyn tt nghip


Li ch ca khch hng khi s dng dich v Mobile banking: Bit thng tin nhanh t ti khon mi ni, mi lc; Tit kim chi ph; Thng tin nhn c phong ph v c tin ch cao; Th tc n gin, Th tc cn c s dng dch v Mobile banking ca BIDV: in cc thng tin vo Phiu ng k s dng dch v BSMS, k hp ng cung cp dch v BSMS 2.3.6. nh gi chung v hot ng TTKDTM ti CN: Nhn chung, trong thi gian qua cng tc TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM c nhng bc pht trin ng k. Hnh thc thanh ton a dng, phong ph, thi phc v ca GDV rt nhit tnh, chu o p ng c yu cu ca phn ng cc khch hng, thu ht thm nhiu khch hng mi gp phn tng doanh s TTKDTM. 2.3.6.1. Kt qu t c: Cng tc TTKDTM ti CN BIDV Tp.HCM t c nhng thnh tu ng k, trung bnh mi nm in chuyn tin n l 10.400 mn v in chuyn tin i l 312.000 mn tin. Khi lng cng vic hng ngy pht sinh nhiu nhng cng tc thanh ton u m bo kp thi v t b tra sot li. Cc nghip v TTBT, chuyn tin lin hng c thc hin tt v n nh. CN BIDV Tp.HCM thc hin ng qui nh v thi gian gi lnh v nhn lnh ca BIDV VIt Nam, tip nhn v x l kp thi mi chng t in i v in n, x l cc sai lm nhanh chng v hu nh khng xy ra sai lm. Nu cao tnh ch ng, hiu qu trong iu hnh cng tc chuyn mn coi y l iu kin hnh thnh cc nghip v khc, lun bm st nhu cu khch hng, th trng.Tch cc o to cn b, nng cao trnh nghip v chuyn mn ca cn b. u t thch ng cho c s vt cht, cng ngh NH. Cc b, nhn vin c phong cch lm vic nhit tnh, chu o, ng thi cc loi hnh dch v mi ra i nn CN BIDV Tp.HCM nng cao kh nng phc v nhu cu a dng ca khch hng 2.3.6.2. Tn ti v hn ch :


Chuyn tt nghip


CN BIDV Tp.HCM cha c h thng hch ton bo C t ng, GDV phi gii qut bng tay lm tn km thi gian; Nhn vin trong CN BIDV Tp.HCM c lun chuyn ni b 6 thng mt ln. iu ny, lm cho cn b nhn vin hc hi c nhiu nghip v, thnh tho trong tt c cc cng vic NH; tra sot in bng s tin chnh xc, khng c th tra sot in bng tin hay ti khon. Biu ph (ti thiu 10.000VND v ti a 1.000.000VND) p dng trong thanh ton chuyn tin in t cha hp l, cha mang tnh thuyt phc i vi khch hng v tnh cnh tranh trn th trng. Thi gian giao dch in t qu ngn khng thun li cho khch hng Cc sn phm dch v truyn thng: UNT, UNC, Sc, thanh ton vn gia NH cn nhiu nhc im; Cc sn phm dch v hin i: Diret-Banking, home-banking, internet-banking nguyn nhn ch yu l CN cha c k hoch trin khai sn phm mi ph hp n cho khch hng, cht lng sn phm cn nhiu hn ch v khch hng c trnh hn ch trong vic tip cn v v s dng cc th thc TTKDTM, vn bn php l v TTKDTM cha ph hp. CN cha lm tt cng tc qung co, marketing v sn phm dch v, xy dng thng hiu mc d c nhiu li th v cng ngh. Cht lung ng truyn tin km tnh trng tc nghn rt hay xy ra gy chm tr trong thanh ton khng tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng. Vy cn c bin php nhanh chng khc phc tnh trng trn. Cc b vn cha c o to ton din ch chuyn v nghip v. V th thanh ton vin in t khi gp trc trc k thut l phi ngng thc hin thanh ton v ch cn b tin hc n x l.

* Nguyn nhn ca nhng tn ti v hn ch trn: Nn kinh t Vit Nam cha pht trin cao, thu nhp ca ngi dn cn thp v thi quen s dng tin mt ca mi ngi dn cn ph bin. Nh nc cn bung lng vic qun l v nh hng s dng tin mt, thiu cn c php l vng chc gii quyt


Chuyn tt nghip


cc tranh chp pht sinh trong qu trnh thanh ton, cha qui nh r trch nhim ca tng i tng i vi cc ri ro pht sinh. Cng ngh NH c bc pht trin ng k tuy nhin cha p ng c nhu cu. Phn mm k ton chuyn tin in t c NHNN nghin cu ng dng nhng khng thng nht trong cc NH thng mi. Mi h thng NH c qui trnh thanh ton ring. Do , thanh ton chuyn tin khng pht huy ht hiu qu trong ton ngnh ngay t u. Cc h thng NH c s c lp qu ln, khng c s chia s thng tin, lng ph chi ph ca ton ngnh. Cng tc thng tin, tuyn truyn cha y , ton din n cc cp, cc ngnh v a phng. Mt s phng tin thng tin i chng i khi tp trung qu mc vo vic phn nh nhng li k thut ca h thng ATM. Mt bng chung ca nn kinh t v cng ngh, k thut, php l cn thp cha ng b. Vn u t c s vt cht k thut cho CN cn nhiu hn ch. iu ny hn ch rt ln qu trnh pht trin ca CN ni chung v chuyn tin in t ni ring. Vi nhng tn ti v hn ch trn y bt ngun t nhiu nguyn nhn ch quan v khch quan : t pha mi trng khch quan, c ch chnh sch ca nh nc v qui nh ca BIDV VIt Nam tc ng n cng tc TTKDTM. V vy cn sa cha mt cch thng nht v ng b mi khu, mi cp nhm mc ch m bo ngun vn lu thng trong nn kinh t th trng, thanh ton chnh xc kp thi v c hiu qu an ton trong qu trnh lu thng ca ng tin.

NI DUNG:3.1. Gii Php:


Chuyn tt nghip3.1.1. Tng cng hot ng Maketing


3.1.2. y mnh tin hin i ha cng ngh NH, i mi k thut &cng ngh NH 3.1.3. Xy dng c s h tng k thut trin khai p dng cc hnh thc TTKDTM hin i 3.1.4. Khuyn khch php nhn m ti khon v thanh ton qua ngn hng 3.1.5. n gin ha th tc 3.2. Kin ngh 3.2.1. i vi Chnh Ph 3.2.2. i vi bn thn ngn hng 3.2.3. Mt s kin ngh v vn dng th thc TTKDTM

3.1. Gii Php: T nhng thc trng TTKDTM ca CN, CN c th p ng tt hn vai tr trung tm thanh ton ca nn kinh t, ngnh NH tng bc ha nhp vi cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii, CN cn phi hin i ha, pht trin h thng theo nh hng t ra, tp trung vo mt s gii php ch yu sau: 3.1.1. Tng cng hot ng Maketing CN phi tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, qung co gii thiu cc hnh thc TTKDTM cng nh li ch ca n, lm cho ngi dn thy c li ch TTKDTM so vi thanh ton dng tin mt. ng thi c cc bin php khuyn khch nh phn thng khuyn mi v vic m TK, s dng th thanh ton, ph bin cc cng c thanh ton hin i cho ngi dn hiu v nm c nhng tin ch ca n.


Chuyn tt nghip


CN nn khuyn khch khch hng bng cch gim mc thu ph chuyn tin in t i vi khch hng, c bit i vi nhng khch hng thng xuyn giao dch, chuyn tin vi khi lng ln ng thi, to iu kin hn na cho khch hng, CN cn ko di hn na thi gian giao dch chuyn tin in t trong ngy, n gin th tc qui trnh chuyn tin, xa i tm l ngi n chuyn tin qua NH CN BIDV Tp.HCM cn to lp ngh thut kinh doanh: nhng khuyn khch qu tng vt cht v tinh thn cho khch hng nh tng hoa, qu vo ngy sinh nht, l ttCN c th m hi ngh khch hng mi nm mt ln, mi khch hng c uy tn trong thanh ton, khch hng truyn thng v khch hng mi nhng rt c uy tn v s d TK ln n tham gia, t cm n, mi khch hng tip tc tham gia cc dch v NH v gii thch mi thc mc khch hng. Mt im ng ch khc l khch hng ca CN thng l cc doanh nghip nh nc, doanh nghip ln v va. Tuy nhin cc doanh nghip nh v va, cc c nhn c thu nhp cao, c bit l khch hng khu vc ngoi quc doanh l nhng khch hng tim nng quan trng. V vy, trong thi gian ti CN cn tng cng hn na cc bin php khuch trng qung co, thu ht th trng khch hng tim nng ny (nh cung ng dch v min ph i km vi dch v thanh ton qua NH, cung cp sao k TK hng thng hoc theo yu cu t vn v ti chnh v kinh doanh cho cc doanh nghip nh) Hot ng Marketing c lng vo hot ng ca cc phng ban khc nn rt kh khn trong vic nghin cu th trng, nghin cu khch hng mt cch c th hn. V vy trong thi gian ti, NH nn ch ng thnh lp phng ban giao dch Marketing, o to cn b NH nm vng kin thc Marketing vic phn loi khch hng, phn loi th trng s c hiu qu gip NH lc no cng tr li c cu hi: khch hng hin nay cn sn phm g? p ng nhu cu ca khch hng tt nht th NH cn lm g? 3.1.2. y mnh tin hin i ha cng ngh ngn hng, i mi k thut v cng ngh ngn hng: Hin i ha cng ngh NH c CN xem l mt gii php quan trng nhm pht trin sn phm dch v. c th hin i ha cng ngh NH, gip pht trin, ng dng cc sn phm dch v hin i v c th bt kp c vi s pht trin ca cc NH trong v ngoi nc CN cn phi:


Chuyn tt nghip


+ Tp trung vn nng cao c s vt cht k thut, xc lp h thng thit b cng ngh hon chnh, ng b phc v hot ng kinh doanh, pht trin cc sn phm dch v mi kp thi vi cht lng cao + Tng bc xy dng, pht trin v hon thin cc knh phn phi mi nh internet banking, phone banking, home banking + Tip tc y mnh pht trin dch v th ATM, nng cao cht lung cc dch v, cung ng v pht trin thm cc tin ch mi trn h thng ATM nh tr n vay, thu chi trn th + Khun trng kt ni thanh ton th Visa, sn sng kt ni khi h thng Banknet i vo hot ng 3.1.3. Xy dng c s h tng k thut trin khai p dng cc hnh thc TTKDTM hin i: Mun hon thin v pht trin sn phm dch v NH da trn cng ngh thng tin hin i th ngoi chi ph cho hot ng nghin cu th trng, tuyn truyn qung co, khuch trng sn phm th chi ph cho u t trang thit b hin i l ln nht. Do bn thn CN cn c ngun ti chnh mnh. Mun c nhiu tin CN trc ht cn x l n tn ng, khng cc khon n xu mi pht sinh, phn loi cc khon n c bin php x l thch hp t to ngun ti chnh cho NH u t vo cc sn phm dch v. CN cn sm yu cu tng cng ty bu chnh vin thng thay i ng truyn c bng ng truyn mi c dung lung ln, cht lng n nh hn phc v cho vic truyn s liu nhm m bo thanh ton khng cn n tc cc khon chuyn tin n kp tay khch hng trong ngy. Ngoi ra, tip tc h thng thanh ton in t, CN cn xc tin vic pht trin cc phn mm tin hc sao cho m bo chuyn tin nhanh hn, chnh xc hn v m bo chng c s xm nhp, trm cp v tin tc trong h thng.


Chuyn tt nghip


CN c th r sot li ton b cc trang thit b hin c, tn dng v nng cp cc thit b c c. Mc khc, tip tc xin thm my tnh mi ph hp vi i hi ca cng vic, cn u tin trang b nhng my mc c tc x l cao cho cng tc thanh ton. Vic u t trang thit b tin hc c tc cao, tng thch gia phn cng v phn mm s gip NH trnh c hin trng tc nghn trong thanh ton nh vy s thu ht c nhiu khch hng n giao dch thanh ton vi NH, t nng c v th ca NH trong th trng cnh tranh. NH cn coi trng cng tc bo dng cc trang thit b vi tnh, thng xuyn kim tra chy th cc thit b d phng, bn cnh coi trng cng tc bo mt v lu tr s liu 3.1.4. Khuyn khch php nhn m ti khon v thanh ton qua ngn hng: Trong c ch th trng, s cnh tranh din ra gay gt tng giy tng pht, ngn hng mun tn ti v pht trin khng th ngi i khch hng tm n NH m cn c s ch ng tm khch hng, c bin php khai thc tt khch hng tim nng. CN cn y mnh cng tc m TK php nhn v c nhn, thu ht thm mt khi lng ln vn tn dng, vic m TK l c s lm dch v thanh ton qua ti khon . Vic tuyn truyn, vn ng m TK vm rng nhiu dch v thanh ton thch hp qua NH trong dn c vn c nh gi l th trng tim nng cha c khai thc trit . V vy, mun tng nhanh s lng TK tin gi thanh ton, tng t trng thanh ton qua NH, NH cn phi cung ng nhiu hn na cc dch v trn gi hon ho song song vi vic tha mn tt nht nhu cu v vn minh giao dch, khuyn khch cc doanh nghip v t chc trn a bn thc hin chi tr thu nhp cho nhn vin thng qua TK ti NH 3.1.5. n gin ha th tc: y l mt vn khng t kh khn, tr ngi khng nhng cho khch hng v cho c NH, khch hng n vi NH ngoi mc dch khc nh li sut, an ton, tin li th H cng cn th tc n gin, nhanh chng. V vy, ci tin th tc, quy trnh thanh ton ca phng tin truyn thng, pht trin phng tin thanh ton hin i. Khi CNTT c ng dng rng ri trong hot ng ngn hng ni chung v hot ng thanh ton


Chuyn tt nghip


ni ring, quy trnh tip nhn v x l chng t trong thanh ton v hch ton k ton cn c iu chnh cho ph hp, thun tin khi thc hin giao dch mt ca. Trong mt s trng hp thanh ton sn phm dch v th CN c th rt ngn hoc lc b mt s th tc khng cn thit, qu thn trng dn n rm r, mt thi gian cho khch hng. V d: Khi thanh ton mt cuc chuyn tin khun bng in t nn b th tc gi in thoi cho NH khi to xc minh xem c ng s tin v ng a ch ngi nhn hay khng. Th tc ny nhm trnh s lm ln nhng ng tic c th gy ra thit hi cho khch hng v cho NH. Tuy nhin, vic xc minh phi ch in tr li va tng chi ph cho NH, lng ph thi gian ca khch hng v NH, lm cho khch hng khng c thin cm i vi NH. Cng vi s pht trin cng ngh thng tin, trn th gii c nhiu NH thanh ton thng qua vic xc minh mu vn tay, ging ni ca khch hng th vic xc minh trn cn lc hu. Trong iu kin hin nay, NH cha c th c cng ngh hin i nh vy nhng thit ngh NH cn c bin php hu hiu va m bo ng ch K ton thanh ton va to iu kin thun li cho khch hng va gim chi ph cho NH.

* Ch chng t: Theo qui nh, x l kim sot chuyn tin in t th ngi kim sot phi kim tra ch k ca k ton giao dch, k ton chuyn tin trn chng t giy (chng t gc hoc chng t in ra). Tuy nhin, trong mu chng t gc lm c s lp lnh chuyn tin theo ch hin hnh (UNT, UNC,giy np tin )khng qui nh ch k ca k ton chuyn tin m qui nh ch k ca k ton giao dch.Cn chng t c in ra khi lnh chuyn tin c gi ti trung tm thanh ton. Thc t khi ngi kim sot kim sot xong l in c lnh chuyn tin i nn cng khng cn qui nh ch in chng t khi lnh chuyn i. Nu in ngay sau khi kim sot xong s gip cho vic kim sot li gia lnh chuyn tin v chng t gc chnh xc hn.


Chuyn tt nghip


Nh vy, ch nn qui nh kim tra ch k ca k ton giao dch v in khi mt lnh chuyn tin lu km chng t gc chuyn tin th phi kim tra xem c y ch k ca k ton giao dch, k ton chuyn tin v ch k ca kim sot. 3.2. Kin ngh 3.2.1. i vi Chnh Ph: Hot ng thanh ton khng phi l nghip v ring ca NH m l sn phm dch v NH cung cp cho nn kinh t, p ng nhu thanh ton vn ca cc doanh nghip, t chc kinh t v cc c nhn trong nn kinh t. Do vy tm v m Nh nc cn c chnh sch ph hp iu chnh hot ng ny. Xut pht t tnh hnh thc t ca CN BIDV Tp.HCM Ti mnh dn nu ra mt s kin ngh vi Nh nc nh sau: Hon thin khun kh php l cho hot ng thanh ton ca nn kinh t, bao gm: phn nh r quyn hn, trch nhim ca cc bn tham gia TTKDTM. Trn c s , tin hnh kim sot ri ro php l thch hp bo m ph hp vi cc chun mc thng l quc t; to lp mi trng cnh tranh cng bng, m bo kh nng tip cn th trng v dch v ca cc ch th tham gia; hnh thnh c ch bo v khch hng hu hiu v bo m quy trnh gii quyt tranh chp khch quan. Xy dng c s h tng php l khng phi l chuyn mt sm mt chiu m phi c quan tm nghin cu lu di cn k, c s quan tm phi hp ca nhiu ngnh v diu quan trng l phi c iu chnh dn trong qu trnh p dng vo thc t. Nh bit, chng ta phn no c c s xy dng nhng nh ch ti chnh cho cng tc thanh ton in t. Tuy vy trong qu trnh xy dng h thng, ng vi mi cng c, mi hnh thc, mi phng thc thanh ton mi, Nh nc cn xy dng nhng qui nh cht ch hn v nu khng rt d dn n sai st nhm ln trong thanh ton v c khi k gian li dng. Nh nc cn c vn bn lut lm r cc vn php l sau: Cn c lut v cc cng c c th chit khu Xy dng cc quyn v th tc cho cc cng c ring bit


Chuyn tt nghip


C ch v thanh tra gim st thng tin trn mng Qui nh v bo mt cng nh cc quyn v ngha v ca cc bn tham gia thanh ton qua mng Qui ch v khiu ni bi thng khi c ri ro NHNN v chnh ph cn c chnh sch u t cng ngh vin thng m bo cht lung ng truyn, cn gim gi cc thu bao ng truyn, khuyn khch pht trin cc dch v thanh ton hin i, trang b cc dch v thanh ton hin i, trang b my in Laser tc cao cho h thng NH NHNN cn h tr cc NH thng mi nhanh chng hon thin cc th tc, m rng d n v hin i ho NH v h thng thanh ton. ng thi ch ng ngh vi cc b ngnh c lin quan phi hp vi NH thc hin hon thin v m rng cc hnh thc TTKDTM Nghin cu ra hng dn chung thng nht v pht trin k thut tin hc trong cc t chc tn dng to iu kin thun li cho s kt hp ni mng thanh ton sau ny. NH ch ng ku gi s gip ca World bank, IMF v cc t chc ti chnh tin t khc trn th gii v trong khu vc vi s nghip hin i ho cng ngh NH Vit Nam. 3.2.2. i vi bn thn ngn hng: 3.2.2.1. Kin ngh vi BIDV VIt Nam: CN BIDV Tp.HCM l mt

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