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Abstract
4
Research Center, Japan
URAMATSU ONDO HIBA
ASEDA AGASHIMA
Department of Earth Science,
Faculty of Science, Tokyo University
Department of Liberal Arts,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba
, Japan.
Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Okayama , Japan.
Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd., Hamada , Mihama-ku, Chiba , Japan.
of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan.
J. Hot Spring Sci.
Relatively low-temperature non-volcanic hot springs emerge from the Sanchu gra-
ben belt, marginal faults developed at the Sambagawa zone and Tertiary rocks around
the northern margin of the Kanto Mountains. Major chemical, oxygen, hydrogen and
sulfur isotopic compositions of the thermal and ground waters from twenty five wells of
the study area, additionally rock samples from four wells for mineral constituents, were
analyzed to discuss recharge mechanisms and water-rock interaction processes to make
chemical properties of the fluids and flow system of deep fluids. Recharge occurred by
local meteoric water near the hot spring sites as evidenced by the D value-elevation
relationship ( . / m) for the waters having low ionic concentrations. The sulfur
isotopic composition of the sulfate-rich waters ranges between . and . , inter-
preting that sulfur is originated by several potential sources (pyrite oxidation, sulphate
reduction processes, volcanic gas, gypsum and anhydrite dissolution). The major chem-
ical compositions of the waters are controlled by the following mechanisms : ( ) forma-
tion of kaolinite by weathering of plagioclase ( ) ion exchange of montmorillonite ( )
dissolution of calcite, gypsum and anhydrite. The mechanisms are concordant with the
Yoichi M , Fumiya K , Hitoshi C ,
Amane W and Hideyuki N
Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of
Non-volcanic Hot Springs around the Northern
Margin of the Kanto Mountains
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mineral assemblage of the reservoir, and fluid-mineral interaction calculation results that
most deep fluids in the field are supersaturated with montmorillonite and kaolinite, and
undersaturated with calcite and anhydrite.
Key words : northern Kanto Mountains, non-volcanic hot spring waters, chemical
composition, fluid-mineral interaction, fluid flow system, genesis
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Table
No.
pH . .
. . Fig.
Na-Cl Ca SO No. HCO Nos.
Ca HCO No. .
mS cm Na-Cl Nos. Na-Cl HCO No. Na-HCO
No. Ca-SO No. Na-Cl No.
Na-Cl HCO Nos. Na Ca-Cl HCO No. Ca-SO No.
Na Cl Fig. a ; R .
Cl , mg L ; Nos. Mg SO
Table ; HCO
;
Nos.
. .
m ; Fig.
O D
. mS cm Nos. D
O Fig. a D
Fig.
m . D . R .
;
D . m m
D ; Fig. a m
No. m
D ; Fig. a m
. -
-
- -
.
- - .
,
.
-
+2
+2
,
0* ,*+*
+
- ,*
- 2 3 2
1 2 .- + ,
. 0 +*
++ + 1
+/ +0 +,
+- +. ,,
,- ,. ,+ ,/
- * 3000
+/ *** / +2 ,,
+ +330 + +
+31-
+320 +310
3 +2 ,, ,-
+ , - - 0
+** .
+ - 0 +* +, +.
+* +32/ /
0
.- .-0 ,-., 3 * 2-23
- , +32/
+33*
, -* +** , +**
+32-
0* / ,0-
- +./
03 / 0/.
. +
. ,
.
d d
d
d d
d
d
d
d
�
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Tab
le+
Chem
ical
co
mp
ositio
no
fth
ed
ischarg
ed
wate
rsaro
und
the
no
rthern
marg
ino
fth
eK
anto
Mo
unta
ins.
*+:D
ata
from
Mu
ram
atsu
etal
.(,
**2)
,*,
:Dat
afr
omIm
ahas
hi
etal
.(+
330)
,*-
:Par
enth
esis
show
sw
ater
tem
per
atu
rem
easu
red
atfa
uce
tof
bat
htu
bor
entr
ance
ofre
serv
eta
nk
.W
T:w
ater
tem
per
atu
re,E
C:E
lect
ric
con
du
ctiv
ity
.
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10
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Fig. Trilinear diagram for the discharged waters. Figure shows number of sample location.
Fig. Na Cl, HCO Ca, HCO Na and Na Mg diagrams for the discharged waters. Figure shows
number of sample location.
11
- -
,
-
0* ,*+*
D D D D Q D
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Temperature logging data of the three wells after com-
pletion of drilling. (a) Kanra well (No. ) (b) Annaka No.
well (No. ) (c) Matsuida No. well (No. ) (d) Tomioka
No. well (No. ).
Fig.
12
No. ;
m
. .
m
. mS
cm
No. ;
m
m
m
m . m
Fig. ;
m
Fig.
O D Cl D
R . R .
Figs. a, b
O D Nos.
Nos.
Cl , mg L Cl D
D . Fig. b Cl O
O .
O D Fig. a
O D
Nos.
; ;
Nos. Na Cl D O Table
WNW ESE Fig.
Fig. ; Nos. D O
Nos. Fig. a No.
3 ++2 + ,,
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.
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, ,
+2
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+
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Fig. O- D and Cl- D diagrams for the discharged waters. The LMWL line is the Local
Meteoric Water Line, D O (Matsubaya ). The ML ( ) and ML ( ) show
the mixings of fossil seawater and meteoric water of the Median tectonic line and Annaka
areas, and Sanchu graben area, respectively. Figure shows number of sample location.
et al,
13
NNE SSW
; WNW ESE
Nos. No.
No. Cl , , mg L
Fig. a WNW ESE
Fig. . m
Cl , mg L
WNW ESE
.
Nos.
+2
+2/
2 +* +32/ + ,
0* ,*+*
+3/1 +30,
2 3 + 1 -
+1 + -/0 - -,,
/
+ , ./, /
+3// +- /+* +3/1
+ 0
+, +0
d d d
d d
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Fig. D-elevation relationship for the discharged waters having low ionic concentrations.
Open circles and triangular are data for river waters at the Sanchu graben area from
Matsubaya ( ) and Sakai ( ), respectively.et al. et al.
14
Figs. a, b Nos.
Fig.
No. Cl
, mg L
No. Cl , mg L
Cl
No.
No. Cl
O . D Fig. b
, m
Fig.
Cl
0
+32/ +33*
+2
/ + , +, +-
+
+31+
+ +, +32/
. *1* +320
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sea
Na Fig. a Cl
M
M M M Cl Cl
M : M M : M M Cl : Cl M
Cl : Cl
km
CaCO CO H O Ca HCO
Nos. Ca HCO
Fig. b ; R .
No. No.
No. SOLVEQ Reed,
Fig. a No.
Nos.
No. No. Ca Table
Toriumi,
;
No. CO
No.
CO m
No.
; Toriumi, ;
Nos.
Figs. a, b NaAlSi O
Fig. Na
NaAlSi O CO H O Na HCO Al Si O OH H SiO
HCO Nos.
Na HCO Fig. c ; R .
Fig. b
HCO
,- , , -
-
,
,
,
- 2
- 2 , , - , , / . . .
-
,-
-
0* ,*+*
2
-
+ +320
,
+, +0
- * 101.
- . ++
,+
+32,
1 +-
+ -
+ , - +
+31/ +320 +320
, -
+320 +
1/*
,
-
+31* +31/ +33,
, 3 +2
2
-
2
, , ++ , , .
. ++ ,+
- * 3,+.
1
. -
D
D
D D
D D
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Fig. Water temperature versus saturation indexes for (a) calcite, (b) kaolinite, (c) Mg-montmorillonite and
(d) anhydrite. Figure shows number of sample location.
16
. . . . . .
Fig. c Nos.
Na HCO Na Na
Na Na HCO
Nos. Na Mg Fig. d ; R
. Na Mg No.
Fig. a Na
Mg
Na Al Si O OH Mg Mg Al Si O OH Na
Mg Fig. c
Mg
1
-
-
,
,
,* -- , -- - 01 +* , * +01 , -- - 01 +* ,
,**2
- . ++ ,+
+ ,, -
* /,+0 + +2
2
0 0 ,
1
,**2
D D Q
Q D D
Q D
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% & ! "� $ ! "% ! " &
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& %
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Fig. Stratigraphy, reservoir and distribution of minerals in the three wells. (a) Kanra well (No. ) (b)
Annaka No. well (No. ) (c) Matsuida No. well (No. ). Reservoirs below depth of casing pipe
are shown in the figure.
17
No. No. S . . Fig.
; Clark,
S . ; Na Cl
No.
Ca SO No. Ca meq L SO meq L
Fig. d
No. S
. Fig. Fig. d
, m Fig.
Fig. c
No.
Nos. S . .
NO
Fe Mn SO
2 3+ +2 + ,,
-.
-.
. .
-.
-.
-
- . ,.
0* ,*+*
. +/ - ,/ +1 2 +2 * 3
+0 ,- +331
,* * .
+/
- ,/ ,0 ,2
1
+ ,,
+0 + 3 1
+ ,,/ .
2
,**2 + ,,
, - / ,1 + -0 /
d
d
d
d
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Figure shows number of sample location.
18
SO S
SO
S SO
SO meq L SO
SO S Fig.
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Nos. ; m No. ;
m Nos.
SO No. ; m SO .
mg L No. ; , m
Sakai and Matsubaya,
No. No. S . . Fig.
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Negrel, P. and Pauwels, H. ( ) : Interaction between di erent groundwaters in Brittany
catchments (France) : Characterizing multiple sources through strontium- and sulphur
isotope tracing. Water. Air. and Soil Pollution, , .
: .
: p.
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Reed, M.H. ( ) : Calculation of multicomponent chemical equilibria and reaction processes
in systems involving minerals, gases, and an aqueous phase. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,
, .
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Sakai, H. and Matsubaya, O. ( ) : Isotopic geochemistry of the thermal waters of Japan and
its bearing on the Kuroko ore solutions. Econ. Geol., , .
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Sharp, Z. ( ) : Principles of Stable Isotope Geochemistry. p., Pearson Prentice Hall, New
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Toriumi, M. ( ) : Petrological study of Sambagawa metamorphic rocks- the Kanto moun-
tains, central Japan. p., Univ. Tokyo Press, Tokyo.
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