18
膆腮 腾腤膄 膆腮 腾腤膍 腼腔膍腌腴腎膍腜腎膅腕膌腌 腰膋腚膈腹腢腠腟 腊腠腴腎膍腎膅腵腒腌腎腌 腊腠腚腊腠腢腸腻腶 腯膉腣腛腍膁 腐 腑腨腙腓腩 腰膋腚腰膋腢膂膃腗膃腹 腼腔膍腌腴腎膍腎膅 腼腔腺腫腧腗腬腏腞 腃腀 腋腱腌腎 腳腪膊腈 腖腽腡膇 腰膋 腲腉腹 腷腻腦腝 腐腛腑腘腟腋腄腀腁腈腞腍腑腕腌腖腅腔腒腀腇腆 腉腙腜腊腗腝腃腂腅腘腒腏腚腎腓 ῌῌ ῌῌ ῌῌ ῌῌ Abstract 4 Research Center, Japan URAMATSU ONDO HIBA ASEDA AGASHIMA Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Science, Tokyo University Department of Liberal Arts, Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba , Japan. Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Okayama , Japan. Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd., Hamada , Mihama-ku, Chiba , Japan. of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan. J. Hot Spring Sci. Relatively low-temperature non-volcanic hot springs emerge from the Sanchu gra- ben belt, marginal faults developed at the Sambagawa zone and Tertiary rocks around the northern margin of the Kanto Mountains. Major chemical, oxygen, hydrogen and sulfur isotopic compositions of the thermal and ground waters from twenty five wells of the study area, additionally rock samples from four wells for mineral constituents, were analyzed to discuss recharge mechanisms and water-rock interaction processes to make chemical properties of the fluids and flow system of deep fluids. Recharge occurred by local meteoric water near the hot spring sites as evidenced by the D value-elevation relationship ( . / m) for the waters having low ionic concentrations. The sulfur isotopic composition of the sulfate-rich waters ranges between . and . , inter- preting that sulfur is originated by several potential sources (pyrite oxidation, sulphate reduction processes, volcanic gas, gypsum and anhydrite dissolution). The major chem- ical compositions of the waters are controlled by the following mechanisms : ( ) forma- tion of kaolinite by weathering of plagioclase ( ) ion exchange of montmorillonite ( ) dissolution of calcite, gypsum and anhydrite. The mechanisms are concordant with the Yoichi M , Fumiya K , Hitoshi C , Amane W and Hideyuki N Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non-volcanic Hot Springs around the Northern Margin of the Kanto Mountains + + , , - - . . + + , - . + + , - . ,, + ,* ,, - ,- ,12 2/+* ,0.+ ,0.+ ,12 2/+* 1** 2/-* -++ -++ 1** 2/-* ,0+ **,/ +,+ +,+ ,0+ **,/ +0, 20*+ +- +- +0, 20*+ 0* . ,+ ,*+* , -* +** ++ + -0 / + , - d

Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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Page 1: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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Abstract

4

Research Center, Japan

URAMATSU ONDO HIBA

ASEDA AGASHIMA

Department of Earth Science,

Faculty of Science, Tokyo University

Department of Liberal Arts,

Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba

, Japan.

Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, Okayama , Japan.

Petroleum Exploration Co., Ltd., Hamada , Mihama-ku, Chiba , Japan.

of Science, Kagurazaka, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo , Japan.

J. Hot Spring Sci.

Relatively low-temperature non-volcanic hot springs emerge from the Sanchu gra-

ben belt, marginal faults developed at the Sambagawa zone and Tertiary rocks around

the northern margin of the Kanto Mountains. Major chemical, oxygen, hydrogen and

sulfur isotopic compositions of the thermal and ground waters from twenty five wells of

the study area, additionally rock samples from four wells for mineral constituents, were

analyzed to discuss recharge mechanisms and water-rock interaction processes to make

chemical properties of the fluids and flow system of deep fluids. Recharge occurred by

local meteoric water near the hot spring sites as evidenced by the D value-elevation

relationship ( . / m) for the waters having low ionic concentrations. The sulfur

isotopic composition of the sulfate-rich waters ranges between . and . , inter-

preting that sulfur is originated by several potential sources (pyrite oxidation, sulphate

reduction processes, volcanic gas, gypsum and anhydrite dissolution). The major chem-

ical compositions of the waters are controlled by the following mechanisms : ( ) forma-

tion of kaolinite by weathering of plagioclase ( ) ion exchange of montmorillonite ( )

dissolution of calcite, gypsum and anhydrite. The mechanisms are concordant with the

Yoichi M , Fumiya K , Hitoshi C ,

Amane W and Hideyuki N

Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of

Non-volcanic Hot Springs around the Northern

Margin of the Kanto Mountains

+ +

, ,

- -

. .

+ + , - .

+ + ,

- .

,, + ,* ,, - ,-

,12 2/+* ,0.+,0.+

,12 2/+*1** 2/-* - + +

- + + 1** 2/-*,0+ **,/ + , +

+ , + ,0+ **,/+0, 20*+ + -

+ - +0, 20*+

0* . ,+ ,*+*

, -* +**++ + -0 /

+, -

d

Page 2: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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mineral assemblage of the reservoir, and fluid-mineral interaction calculation results that

most deep fluids in the field are supersaturated with montmorillonite and kaolinite, and

undersaturated with calcite and anhydrite.

Key words : northern Kanto Mountains, non-volcanic hot spring waters, chemical

composition, fluid-mineral interaction, fluid flow system, genesis

X

WNW ESE

:

;

;

Sakai and Matsubaya, ;

0* ,*+*

+300

-

+31* +33/

+32/ +323

+31* 2*

+31.

+

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discharged water deep fluid

Fig.

Fig.

Nos.

Nos.

WNW ESE ; ;

;

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NNW SSE

;

NE SW WNW ESE

Fig. ;

m

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m

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8

X S

X S

Nos.

km ; No.

No.

Fig.

pH pH

mL Al Si mL

mL

Na K Ca Mg Cl SO F Br PO

LC-VP HCO pH .

HCO Al Si . m

Al HACH DR- Si UV- PC

O D No. C

GV Instruments

IsoPrime-EA

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GV Instruments Iso Prime-EA

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Page 6: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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Table

No.

pH . .

. . Fig.

Na-Cl Ca SO No. HCO Nos.

Ca HCO No. .

mS cm Na-Cl Nos. Na-Cl HCO No. Na-HCO

No. Ca-SO No. Na-Cl No.

Na-Cl HCO Nos. Na Ca-Cl HCO No. Ca-SO No.

Na Cl Fig. a ; R .

Cl , mg L ; Nos. Mg SO

Table ; HCO

;

Nos.

. .

m ; Fig.

O D

. mS cm Nos. D

O Fig. a D

Fig.

m . D . R .

;

D . m m

D ; Fig. a m

No. m

D ; Fig. a m

. -

-

- -

.

- - .

,

.

-

+2

+2

,

0* ,*+*

+

- ,*

- 2 3 2

1 2 .- + ,

. 0 +*

++ + 1

+/ +0 +,

+- +. ,,

,- ,. ,+ ,/

- * 3000

+/ *** / +2 ,,

+ +330 + +

+31-

+320 +310

3 +2 ,, ,-

+ , - - 0

+** .

+ - 0 +* +, +.

+* +32/ /

0

.- .-0 ,-., 3 * 2-23

- , +32/

+33*

, -* +** , +**

+32-

0* / ,0-

- +./

03 / 0/.

. +

. ,

.

d d

d

d d

d

d

d

d

� �

Page 7: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

Tab

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co

mp

ositio

no

fth

ed

ischarg

ed

wate

rsaro

und

the

no

rthern

marg

ino

fth

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anto

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unta

ins.

*+:D

ata

from

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ram

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etal

.(,

**2)

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ater

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ance

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ric

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ity

.

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10

Page 8: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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Fig. Trilinear diagram for the discharged waters. Figure shows number of sample location.

Fig. Na Cl, HCO Ca, HCO Na and Na Mg diagrams for the discharged waters. Figure shows

number of sample location.

11

- -

,

-

0* ,*+*

D D D D Q D

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Temperature logging data of the three wells after com-

pletion of drilling. (a) Kanra well (No. ) (b) Annaka No.

well (No. ) (c) Matsuida No. well (No. ) (d) Tomioka

No. well (No. ).

Fig.

12

No. ;

m

. .

m

. mS

cm

No. ;

m

m

m

m . m

Fig. ;

m

Fig.

O D Cl D

R . R .

Figs. a, b

O D Nos.

Nos.

Cl , mg L Cl D

D . Fig. b Cl O

O .

O D Fig. a

O D

Nos.

; ;

Nos. Na Cl D O Table

WNW ESE Fig.

Fig. ; Nos. D O

Nos. Fig. a No.

3 ++2 + ,,

, ,-

.

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2 3 / + +2

d d d

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d

d d

d

d d

d d

d d

d d

Page 10: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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Fig. O- D and Cl- D diagrams for the discharged waters. The LMWL line is the Local

Meteoric Water Line, D O (Matsubaya ). The ML ( ) and ML ( ) show

the mixings of fossil seawater and meteoric water of the Median tectonic line and Annaka

areas, and Sanchu graben area, respectively. Figure shows number of sample location.

et al,

13

NNE SSW

; WNW ESE

Nos. No.

No. Cl , , mg L

Fig. a WNW ESE

Fig. . m

Cl , mg L

WNW ESE

.

Nos.

+2

+2/

2 +* +32/ + ,

0* ,*+*

+3/1 +30,

2 3 + 1 -

+1 + -/0 - -,,

/

+ , ./, /

+3// +- /+* +3/1

+ 0

+, +0

d d d

d d

Page 11: Hydrochemistry and Its Geological Interpretation of Non ... · ˘ˇ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˇ ˘˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˘ ˘˘ ˇ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ˇ ˘˘˘˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ˇ˘ ˘ ˘ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ ˘ ˇ

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Fig. D-elevation relationship for the discharged waters having low ionic concentrations.

Open circles and triangular are data for river waters at the Sanchu graben area from

Matsubaya ( ) and Sakai ( ), respectively.et al. et al.

14

Figs. a, b Nos.

Fig.

No. Cl

, mg L

No. Cl , mg L

Cl

No.

No. Cl

O . D Fig. b

, m

Fig.

Cl

0

+32/ +33*

+2

/ + , +, +-

+

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15

sea

Na Fig. a Cl

M

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M : M M : M M Cl : Cl M

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km

CaCO CO H O Ca HCO

Nos. Ca HCO

Fig. b ; R .

No. No.

No. SOLVEQ Reed,

Fig. a No.

Nos.

No. No. Ca Table

Toriumi,

;

No. CO

No.

CO m

No.

; Toriumi, ;

Nos.

Figs. a, b NaAlSi O

Fig. Na

NaAlSi O CO H O Na HCO Al Si O OH H SiO

HCO Nos.

Na HCO Fig. c ; R .

Fig. b

HCO

,- , , -

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(d) anhydrite. Figure shows number of sample location.

16

. . . . . .

Fig. c Nos.

Na HCO Na Na

Na Na HCO

Nos. Na Mg Fig. d ; R

. Na Mg No.

Fig. a Na

Mg

Na Al Si O OH Mg Mg Al Si O OH Na

Mg Fig. c

Mg

1

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,**2

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+ ,, -

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1

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D D Q

Q D D

Q D

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Annaka No. well (No. ) (c) Matsuida No. well (No. ). Reservoirs below depth of casing pipe

are shown in the figure.

17

No. No. S . . Fig.

; Clark,

S . ; Na Cl

No.

Ca SO No. Ca meq L SO meq L

Fig. d

No. S

. Fig. Fig. d

, m Fig.

Fig. c

No.

Nos. S . .

NO

Fe Mn SO

2 3+ +2 + ,,

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Fig. Relationship between S values and SO concentrations in the discharged waters.

Figure shows number of sample location.

18

SO S

SO

S SO

SO meq L SO

SO S Fig.

SO S

Nos. ; m No. ;

m Nos.

SO No. ; m SO .

mg L No. ; , m

Sakai and Matsubaya,

No. No. S . . Fig.

SO S Negrel and Pauwels, ;

Sharp, ;

Ca SO pH . No.

S .

H S

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, -..

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. .

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X

Na-Cl

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:

.

Clark, I.D. ( ) : Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology (ed. Fritz, P.), p. Lewis Publish-

ers, New York.

: no. .

:

.

: .

:

.

: pp.

: pp.

.

.

.

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,

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.0

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Negrel, P. and Pauwels, H. ( ) : Interaction between di erent groundwaters in Brittany

catchments (France) : Characterizing multiple sources through strontium- and sulphur

isotope tracing. Water. Air. and Soil Pollution, , .

: .

: p.

:

.

: p.

:

p.

Reed, M.H. ( ) : Calculation of multicomponent chemical equilibria and reaction processes

in systems involving minerals, gases, and an aqueous phase. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta,

, .

: .

: .

: .

:

.

Sakai, H. and Matsubaya, O. ( ) : Isotopic geochemistry of the thermal waters of Japan and

its bearing on the Kuroko ore solutions. Econ. Geol., , .

: .

:

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