8
Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vo1.49(2/3),p.135-142,1998 Notes癩αComme描s Ge⑪且⑪9醜量輪z蹴醜s職夢s⑪雌謡⑪醜e曲 Irwan BAHAR* Irwan BAHAR(1998) Geological hazar(1s map of Indonesia. p.135-142,10figs.,1table, Bz611.0601.S%7∂.ノ纏)σ7z,vo1.49(2/3), Aめst聡c重:Some geological hazards maps and related data of In(10nesi inclu(1e base map,1andslide susceptibilitymap,seismotectonic map geological hazard information. 1.G・eo亙ogie翻haz雛魂s燃聾o醐憾omes訟 The geological hazards map of Indonesia is present- ed in scale1:2,000,000with figures and symbols or their combined.The information such as condition, situation,interpretation of geological hazar(1s is(1e- scribed in the form of an margin explanation. 1.1B我se撚騨翻geo盈ogi翻h&z蹴面㎡鑓撚一 甑on Base map uses the topographic and bathimetric map of1:2,000,000scale,sheets5an(i6compiled in the framework of resources assessment program by IUGS-CCOP-CPMP.Projection Lambert azimuthal equa1-area;center point1200E and150N.Topo- graphic contours and bathimetry in meters. The geological hazards map covers information of geology, seismotectonics, volcanos and landslide (symbol included.See Fig.1) *The geological information shows data of Quater- nary rock distribution,major stmctures and bath- imetry. *The seismotectonic information includes earth- quake epicentre(M5),focal volcanism,active faults and tsunami. *Volcano information consists of a.ctive volcano distribution, forbid(1en and danger area, 1ahar pocket distribution and ash distribution of volcanic eruption.The volcano observatory is also present- ed. *Landslide information covers areal potentia1,sus・ ceptibility of lan(1sli(1e and the(1istribution of lan(1- slide. The geological data of Quatemary rocks are compiled from the geological map of Indonesia scale 1:1,000,000with simplifying.The abbreviation an(1 colour of lithology units are explained as mention in GEOLOGICAL NOTATION 国ALL㎜LDEP・S那 回QUAE㎜RYSED㎜MS 回Q倣旭㎜RYV・LCAMCR・C圏 SEISMOTEσrOMC NOTA皿ON S正L屯LLOW EA、RTBQUAC梱 ㎜R瓶DIATE EARTaQUACKE DEEP EARTHQUACKE 砦MAJOREAUL圏 輿A皿E肌鮒(面。・置・ur) }M・・ VOLCAN【C HAZARD NOTAT10N じロ むし □F・田mD剛Z・皿(r醐c・E・ur) □㎜TDANGERZ・NEUel1・wc・:。ur》 □SEC・mDANGERZ・皿①星・ec・!・ur) ヂLA臥RPAC皿丁(b星ue。・!・ぼ) 6 VOLCANO OBSERVATORY l櫓⊃ ASH DISTR【BUTION AND YEAR OF ERU田ON LANI) SLIDE NOTA皿ON 囮L・WSUSCE㎜L皿・F臥mSLmE 囮㎜雪㎜m肥SUSC㎜B瓦皿・F㎜SLmEOell。wc。1。ur 囮田GHSUSCE㎜}几㎜・F“mSmE(面c。1。町) 麗鋸DET㎜㎜・N・F㎜SLmE(r。dc。1。、r) Fig.1 Symbol of geological hazard m the CCOP geological map of Southeast 1.2 丁翫e 我d《髄硫o聾 geo皿09五c d我t我 (亘聡dex 灘夢si副翻e岨) *Geological map ofJawa and Madura is 100,000has alrea(1y published58sheets *Geological map ofoutsideJawa andM scale1:250,000has already published1 5%) *Geological Research and Development Centre,Directo- rate General ofGeology and Mineral Resources,Ministry of Mines and Energy. Keywords:Indonesia,geological hazard susceptibility map,seismotectonic map map 一135一

Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

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Page 1: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

Bulletin of the Geological Survey of Japan,vo1.49(2/3),p.135-142,1998

Notes癩αComme描s

Ge⑪且⑪9醜量輪z蹴醜s職夢s⑪雌謡⑪醜e曲

Irwan BAHAR*

Irwan BAHAR(1998) Geological hazar(1s map of Indonesia.

p.135-142,10figs.,1table,

Bz611.0601.S%7∂.ノ纏)σ7z,vo1.49(2/3),

Aめst聡c重:Some geological hazards maps and related data of In(10nesia are introduce(1here.They

inclu(1e base map,1andslide susceptibilitymap,seismotectonic map,volcanic hazardmap andrelated

geological hazard information.

1.G・eo亙ogie翻haz雛魂s燃聾o醐憾omes訟

 The geological hazards map of Indonesia is present-

ed in scale1:2,000,000with figures and symbols or

their combined.The information such as condition,

situation,interpretation of geological hazar(1s is(1e-

scribed in the form of an margin explanation.

1.1B我se撚騨翻geo盈ogi翻h&z蹴面㎡鑓撚一      甑on

 Base map uses the topographic and bathimetric

map of1:2,000,000scale,sheets5an(i6compiled in the

framework of resources assessment program by

IUGS-CCOP-CPMP.Projection Lambert azimuthal

equa1-area;center point1200E and150N.Topo-graphic contours and bathimetry in meters.

 The geological hazards map covers information of

geology, seismotectonics, volcanos and landslide

(symbol included.See Fig.1)

*The geological information shows data of Quater-

 nary rock distribution,major stmctures and bath-

  imetry.

*The seismotectonic information includes earth-

  quake epicentre(M5),focal volcanism,active

  faults and tsunami.

*Volcano information consists of a.ctive volcano

  distribution, forbid(1en and danger area, 1ahar

  pocket distribution and ash distribution of volcanic

  eruption.The volcano observatory is also present-

  ed.

*Landslide information covers areal potentia1,sus・

  ceptibility of lan(1sli(1e and the(1istribution of lan(1-

  slide.

  The geological data of Quatemary rocks are

compiled from the geological map of Indonesia scale

1:1,000,000with simplifying.The abbreviation an(1

colour of lithology units are explained as mention in

GEOLOGICAL NOTATION   国ALL㎜LDEP・S那

   回QUAE㎜RYSED㎜MS   回Q倣旭㎜RYV・LCAMCR・C圏

SEISMOTEσrOMC NOTA皿ON     ㊥   S正L屯LLOW EA、RTBQUAC梱

    △  ㎜R瓶DIATE EARTaQUACKE

    口   DEEP EARTHQUACKE

   ぬ   砦MAJOREAUL圏   輿A皿E肌鮒(面。・置・ur)

}M・・

VOLCAN【C HAZARD NOTAT10N

    ム  じロ ピ むし   り

   □F・田mD剛Z・皿(r醐c・E・ur)

   □㎜TDANGERZ・NEUel1・wc・:。ur》

   □SEC・mDANGERZ・皿①星・ec・!・ur)

    ヂLA臥RPAC皿丁(b星ue。・!・ぼ)

    6  VOLCANO OBSERVATORY

   l櫓⊃ ASH DISTR【BUTION AND YEAR OF ERU田ON

LANI) SLIDE NOTA皿ON

   囮L・WSUSCE㎜L皿・F臥mSLmE   囮㎜雪㎜m肥SUSC㎜B瓦皿・F㎜SLmEOell。wc。1。ur)

   囮田GHSUSCE㎜}几㎜・F“mSmE(面c。1。町)

   麗鋸DET㎜㎜・N・F㎜SLmE(r。dc。1。、r)

Fig.1 Symbol of geological hazard map

the CCOP geological map of Southeast Asia.

1.2 丁翫e 我d《髄硫o聾 o£ geo皿09五c d我t我 (亘聡dex

     灘夢si副翻e岨)

*Geological map ofJawa and Madura islands scale1:

100,000has alrea(1y published58sheets (100%)

*Geological map ofoutsideJawa andMadura islands

scale1:250,000has already published162sheet$(90.

5%)

*Geological Research and Development Centre,Directo-

rate General ofGeology and Mineral Resources,Ministry

of Mines and Energy.

Keywords:Indonesia,geological hazard map,1andsli(iesusceptibility map,seismotectonic map,volcanic hazard

map

一135一

Page 2: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

βz6116劾z6ゾオh6G601092αzl Sz67∂のノ6ゾノめり6z%,ylo乙49,〈汚o.2/3,1998

*Compilation of geological map scale1:1,000,000

results14sheets have already published (88%)

*Compilation of geological map scale1:5,000,000has

already publishe(11sheets (100%)

                     (Fig.2,3an(i4)

 1.3 The亙翼ogress *Geological map1:2,000,000includes2sheets and

geological notation(alluvial deposit,Quaternary sedi-

ment and Quatemary volcanic rock).

940

60

oo

60

120

1020 1100 1180 1260 1340 1420

2

8

   1藷

  10   1e3z , 9    諏   ,ら

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 66   7詳ヲ 82

e◎   弱   控   巳、

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 9ρ 、“..!ノ 騨

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                き ヨ 欝  司. 118           1昭 撫     れロ 輔餌                   1蜀  珍

臨・2霧繊伽、伽一翻廟

        1

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161

159

格駐

157

爬7

165

1

慌4

173

17¶

170

181

177ρ

176

175

“ノ

Fig.2Status of geological maps of Java-Madura,scale1:250,000,March1994

50

60

70

80

、灘

灘 纒猿、匹閣 譲

鞭懸

 鞭

』篤i

躍PUBLISHED

鰯羅

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機,灘・

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58

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,鱗

1050 1060 1070 1080 1(ンgo 1100 1110 1120 1130 1140 1150 1160

Fig.3Status of geological maps of Java-Madura,scale1:100,000,March1994

940

60

oo

60

120

1020 1100        1180        1260        1340 1420

Fig.4Status of geological map of Indonesia,scale1:1,000,000,March1994

一136一

Page 3: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

G60109づαzl hごz9ごz名4s盟zのり (ゾZn40アz6s宛 (1ηoごz7z B且珈R)

2.肱翻s腿es服see瞬騨童ty撚夢s

  This map shows the areas of susceptibble to lands-

1iding.The map has been constructed using a geolog-

ical map;inventory of landsli(iesl a slope mapl and soil

and rock properties.The map is presented in scale1:

100,000and is designed for public as simple,easily

mderstoo(1statement on the susceptibility of specific

areas to landsliding.

2.1肱認s髄es眼sce瞬髄旦ityzo醜e Landslide susceptibility zone is determine by index

of local lan(islide occurrences on each lithologic unit

in certain slope interval an(i slope stability analaysis.

Parameters applied for considering the degree of

susceptibility are based on factors causing the occur-

rence of landsli(1e,i.e.:

 Geology   :physical an(1engineering properties

             of rock and soil,stratigraphy an(i

             rock structure,

  Morphology:steepneSs of the slope,

  Rainfall   :intensity and duration of rainfa11,

  Lan(iuse    :1an(iuse  practice  and  vegetation

             cover7

 Earthquakes=intensity of earthquakes.                               (Figs.5and6)

  (1)Zone of very low susceptibility to landslide

  The degree of susceptibility to landside is very low.

The zone was rarely or never been subjected to lan(is-

1i(1.There is no landmark of old or new landslide

found in this zone,except on the small area on the

river side.

  The area is mostly flat to gentle undulating areas

with natural slope less than15%(8.5),and the slope is

not formed by landslide deposits,filling material or

plastic and swelling clay.

  (2)Zone of low susceptibility to lan(islide

  The zone has low susceptibility of landsli(1e evi-

dences. Landslides rarely occur unless the slope is

disturbed, an(i old landslides have been stabilized

during the past period.Sma111andslide my occur,

especially on the river side of gulley.

  Interval of the natural slope is gentle (5-15%) to

steep (30-50%),depending on the physical and engi-

neering properties of rock and soil forming the slope.

On the steep slope area,slope is mostly composed of

rock with thin soi1,and covered by dense vegetation in

the form of forest or tea plantaion.

  (3)Zone of mo(ierate susceptibility to landslide

  The zone has moderate susceptibility to landslide

evidences.Landsli(1e may occur inthis zone,especially

along the river si(1e,scarp,road cut,or the slope to be

disturbed.01d landslides may be activited especially

when induced by high rainfall or strong erosion proc-

eSS.

  Interval of natural slope is gentle (5-15%)to very

steep(more than70%),depending on the physical and

engineering properties of rock and soil forming the

slope.、The slope is mostly covere(1by poor to very

poor vegetation.

  (4)Zone of high susceptibility to lan(1slide

  The zone has high degree of susceptibility to land-

slide.In this zone landslides occur very frequently.01d

and new landslides still occur in(1uced by high rainfall

or strong erosion process.

 Interval of the natural slope is moderate(30-50%)

to very steep(more than70%),(1epending on the

physical an(I engineering Properties of rock an(1soil

forming the slope.The slope mostly has no cover

vegetation.

 2.2 The夢rogreSS(亘脳丑ex m理}亘醜e且服ded)

  Map of susceptibility to landslides,scale1=100,000.

The activity of lan(islide susceptibility mapping has

been intensively done since1989,and10sheets of map

have been intensively done since1989,and10sheets of

map have been finished and60f those have beenpublished.(Fig.7)

3.Se亘艦ote伽謡e灘夢s-se亘s緬c  塩&Z麗観ZO盛聡9撚聖S

 This kind of maps are prepare(ibased onthe geolog-

ical conditioms and baseline data of recor(1ed earth-

quake occurrence presented in scale l二250,000.This

map provides information about the geographicad

location and space distdbution of the earthquakes

ground rupturing,ground faulting,active faults,and

liquefaction distributions.The seismotectonic maps

is very useful for regional development plaming(macrozoning).

  Location of seismotectonic maps will cover the

twenty five area in In(10nesia which was classifie(1

high risk in seismic hazard(Figs.8and9)

  This map consists three important informations as

follows:

  (1)Geology an(1topography showing morphology

and the general geology of the area,with lithologic

and physical properties of the rocks against landslide

susceptibility.

  (2)Isoseismal and structure map showing the epi-

center and magnitude of seismics generated in the

areas.Information of neotectonics express the recent

geologic evi(1ence related with the seismic events such

as landsli(ies,folding,active fault,subsidence,frac-

ture,failure and liquefactions.

  (3)Geographic information showing the infras-

tructure(road,high way,bri(1ges,health facilities)l

province and district borderline an(1important city,

village,and rivers in the area.In addition the(i(lnsity

of population of the area from the recent statistic

natiOnal reCOrd.

  The progress(lndex maps included)

一137一

Page 4: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

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Page 5: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

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。穂』遠       l       l     ■ 慧

EXPLANATION:  Location of landslide hazard

  (471Locations)

Fig.6 Location map of landslide hazard,Indonesia(1970-1994)

96  98  100 102 104 106 108 1五〇 112 114 116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 1428

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Fig.7 Status of landsli(ie susceptibility map,Indonesia(1994)

一139一

Page 6: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

B%1彪痂z(1ゾ6h¢G60109づoσl Sz67∂¢ly(ゾノ4ψα%,▽ioJ.49,.〈b.2/3,ヱ998

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Fig.8 Name of potential seismic hazards area

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Fig.9 1ndex map of seismotectonic map publication progress

一140一

Page 7: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

G60109乞αzl hごzz召名4sηzごz1)(ゾ乃z40n6s宛 (Z7zoごzηB/1枷R)

1.Potential Seismic Hazards Area in Indonesia.

2.Seismotectonic Map scale1:5,000,000 (publi-

  shed).

3.Database Earthquake Epicenters in Indonesia.

4.Seismotectonic Map scale1:250,000(published

  and open file report):12sheets.

                                 (Table1)

4.Vo且総醜互eぬaz&雌m即s

 This map showing the information of the volcanic

deposit (types and their extents)l the ages an(i the

characters of previous eruptionsl and the influence by

the emptions.The map is presented in scale1:100,000

an(1is designed for public as simple and easily un(ier-

standing and also to be used as a consi(ieration in

lan(1use management.

 4.1 Vo亘総贈c H我z麗dl Zo魍寵量o聡

 Zonation of hazard determine from the statistic

record have showed by the historic eruption.There

are divided into:

  (1)Forbidden Zone,that is areαfrequently or often

affected by pyroclastic flows,falls or lava(or dome).

Therefore this zone is recommended to be emptied

from any human activity.Practically this term is

subjected to the volcanoes are showing continuous

magmatic activity such as Merapi and Semem.For-

bid(ien zone is also used for hazar(ious volcanic gases,

Table l List of seismotectonic maps and open filereports

No. SEISMOTECTONIC MAP SCALE PUBLICAT【ONTITLE PROGRESS

1. S¢i5motcctonic Map ・f 1   5.000.000 PubU5hedIndonc519

2。 ScEsmo色ect・nic Map ・f 1   250.000 Pub1L5h¢dTarutu“区 Arca,North

Sum飢cr“

3. Soi瓢otccto“葦c Map of 一   250,000 Pub監蓋6hcd

Bi巳ロgkcjcrcn ArGa,Aceh

4. Sdsmotccto“ic Map of 1   250.OOO opcn fUcMaja電engka Ar¢a,Wc5しJawa

5. Sc貰5motcctonic Map of 1   250.000 opcn 『1ic

Lampung Ar。a,SouthSumatera

6. Sci5moしoct・nic M“P ・f 1   250.000 open 刷eA星or Area,N“5a亀c“呂gara

7。 So篭5m・tecton、c Map of 一   2SO.000  ’

opcn “IOP“聖u Ar¢a,Ce“tm!

Su!亘we8i

8。 SeI6motocしo既ic Map of 1   250.000 open f1ヒ

Solok Arca3Wc5tSumatcra

9. Sc…5m・tcctonic M巳P ・f 1   250.000 opcn 印eGoron回o Arca2No曲Sdowc51

10。 Sd5motcctonic MRP ・f 1   250.000 open n!eFIore5 Area,

Nu5gteng8ar巳

11. S¢15motcctonic Map ・f 1   250。000 opcn 匠IGHalmghcra Aro“置Mgluku

12. Sci8mot。cto“ic Map of 1   250.000 open 刷eLiwa Area,SouthS臨matcra

as manifeste(1in Dieng,Central Java.

  (2)Danger Zone I is an area that is most likely

affected by pyroclastics(flow and fall and lava flows)

when an eruption occurs.People has to be evacuated

from this zone,when precursory sings for an eruption

is obvious.No permanent building is allowed).

  (3)Danger Zone II is a zone that is most likely

subjecte(1by lahar.People has also evacuated from

this zone during an eruption.By concensus commonly

is taken an area with a radius8km from the vent.For

volcanoes with no historic emption records two zones

are use(1,namely:  (1)Danger Zone,that is a zone most likely subject-

e(1by pyroclastic flows and lava from future eruptions

and it has to be evacuated when precursory trends for

an eruption is certain.Hazards are assessed by

regarding the upper stratigraphic successions.How-

ever,this is very uneasy because of heavy vegetation

and deep soil eliminating information.Therefore

their hazards assessment is hardlyjustified Commonly

the boundary of the zone is taken with an analogy to

similar type of volcanoes that pose historic eruptions.

  (2)Alert Zone is the extension of the danger zone in

a case of increased scale of emption effect.Aconcen-

sus is taken to cover an area of radius8km from the

vent.

  Con(1itions of apPlication of both types of hazard

zonation map are:

  (1)Future eruptions will originate from summit or

main vent.In practice actually the eruption seems to

be magmatic.In manyF cases revisions are possible.

This is caused by lack of data.For instance monitor-

ing result pre(iicts no big eruption because of no

support from(ieformation.The danger area may be

effective in the crater only not as large as in the map.

VSI has experienced a few times for Tangkubanpara-

hu volcano in West Java where only phreatic activ-

ities occurred.

  (2)Future uptions will be vertical in eruptive co1-

1umn an(1consequently the effect on the ground is

radia1.

  (3)The eruption is not an explosive one that lea(1s

to a collapse or the formation of caldera.It means

that field data of large eruptive event(caldera forma-

tion)at this stage is ignore(1.Thus,the map prepar、

ed is at most used for a short-term volcanic hazard

volcanic hazards.

  (4)The morphology of the volcano will not change

appreciably between the㌻ime of hazard zonation map

is establishe(i and when an eruption occurs.

  During an eruption volcanic hazard map may be

modified particularly in supplying other agencies or

civilian bout scale and course of impending hazards

such as lahars and floods.This information is com・

monly directed to public works that(1eals with con・

struction and rehabilitation activities.

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Page 8: Geological Hazard of Indonesia (GSJ)

βz61」6渉勿z(ゾオh6G60104αzl Sz67z7のノ(ゾ血1)ごz物 Vb乙49,ム石o.2/3,ヱ998

940 1020 110Q 1180 1260 1340 1420

60

oo

60

120

10                                               ρ

雰②3 .  ! ◎   一・・ ノ 黛身  4の05 、、   』ち 9          、一!     80

\,謎  一一 、藷嫌竃

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       、飾.齢斜363,   。扉.  .認

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1Seulaw曲Agaml2Peuetsaguel3B㎜iTelongl4Slnabungl5Sibayakl6Sori㎞arapil7Tala㎞aul8MarapilgT㎝dikatl10Talangl ll Kerincil

12Kunyitl13Sumbingl14Belirang Beritil15Bukit Daml16Kabal17Dempol18Sekincaul19R句abasal20Krakataul21Salak;22Gedel23Patuhal

24Tangkuban Parahul25Papandayan326Gunturl27Galmggung;28Ciremail29Slametl30Dieng;31Ungaranl32Sundoro133Sumbingl34

Merbabul35Merapil36Lawul37Wilisl38Kelutl39Ajmo-Welirangl40Semerul41Bromol42Lamonganl431yangl441jenl45Raungl46Batur;

47Agungl48Ri煽anil49Tamboral50Sangeang Api;51Wai Sano152Ranakahl531nieriel541nielikal55Ebulobo;56Mela;571yal58Rokatendal

59Kelimutul6011i Muda;61Lewotobi peremuanl6211i Werungl63Lerebolengl64Lewotobi Laki-1akil65111Boleng;66Baturamul6711i

Lewotolol68Sirungl69Wurlalil70Teonl71Nilal72Serual73BandaApi;74Makian;75Gamalama;76Todokol77Gamkonoral78Malupang

Warirangl79Dukono1801bul81Ambangl82Soputanl83Lokonl84Mahawul85Klabatl86Tongkoko。

Fig.10Status of volcanic hazard map,March1994

4.2恥eProgreSS(亘翻exm蹄S亘遡d翻ed) *Volcanic Hazard Map Zonation:88volcanoes(Fig.10).

Received December1,1998Accepted December15,1998

インドネシアの地質災害図

lrwan BAHAR

要  旨

 インドネシアにおける各種の地質災害図一地すべり・地震・火山災害図一及び関連データ1:250,000及び

1:100,000地質図一の作成・出版の現状が紹介されている.

 地質災害については震源の深さによる区分と,岩層及び活断層が示され,火山災害図では,2種類の

危険地域,地すべり災害図では,3種類の発生予想区域が示されている.

一142一