I Traci Tra Geografia e Storia Ed. Arist

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I RACI RA GEOGRAFIA E SORIA

ARISONOHOSScritti per il Mediterraneo antico

Vol. 9(2015)


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I raci tra geografia e storiaA cura del Dipartimento di Beni Culrurali e ambientali dellUniversit degli Studi di MilanoCopyright 2015 angram Edizioni ScientificheGruppo Editoriale angram Srl Via Verdi, 9/A 38122 rento

www.edizioni-tangram.it [email protected]

Prima edizione: ottobre 2015,Printed in EUISBN 978-88-6458-142-2

Collana ARISONOHOS Scritti per il Mediterraneo antico NIC 09

DirezioneFederica Cordano, Giovanna Bagnasco Gianni, eresa Giulia Alfieri onini.

Comitato scientificoCarmine Ampolo, Pierina Anello, Gilda Bartoloni, Maria Bonghi Jovino, Giovanni Colonna,im Cornell, Michel Gras, Pier Giovanni Guzzo, Jean-Luc Lamboley, Mario Lombardo, NotaKourou, Annette Rathje, Henri rziny

La curatela di questo volume di Paola Schirripa

In copertina: Il mare e il nome di Aristonothos.Le o sono scritte come i cerchi puntati che compaiono sul cratere.

Stampa su carta ecologica proveniente da zone in silvicoltura, totalmente priva di cloro.Non contiene sbiancanti ottici, acid free con riserva alcalina.


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Questa serie vuole celebrare il mare Mediterraneo e contribuire asviluppare temi, studi e immaginario che il cratere firmato dal grecoAristonothos ancora oggi evoca. Deposto nella tomba di un etrusco,racconta di storie e relazioni fa culture diverse che si svolgono inquesto mare e sulle terre che unisce.


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Introduction and acknowledgements11

Paola Schrripa

Limage grecque de la Trace entre barbarie et fascination.Pour une remise en question 15Paola Schirripa

Strabone e il monte Emo 53Federica Cordano

Krenides: una curiosit storiografica 67Maria Mainardi

Un protectorat thrace? Les relations politiques entre Grecset Traces autour de la baie de Bourgas (IIIe-IIes. Av. J.-C.) 81Tibaut Castelli

raci romani: diffusione della civitas e romanizzazionenei centri costieri della racia 109

Francesco Camia

Te Roman Conquest of Trace (188 B.C. 45 A.D.) 129Jordan Iliev

Aspects de la colonisation des Daces au sud du Danube par les Romains 143Alexandru Avram

Auteurs grecs de : questions autour dhistoires fragmentaires 161Dan et Madalina Dana

Selvagge e crudeli, femmine tracie nellimmaginario figurativo greco 187Federica Giacobello

Notes upon the distribution of spectacle fibula betweenCentral Europe and Balkan Peninsula in the Late Bronzeand beginnings of the Early Iron Age 197Simone Romano e Martin ren

Te white lotus (nelumbo lucifera) decorated, silver jug from Naipin local context 227otko Stoyanov


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I RACI RA GEOGRAFIA E SORIA


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11

I

Paola Schrripa

In February 2004, thanks to the generous support o Proessor FedericaCordano, I organized a Symposium on Trace and the Tracians at the Uni-

versity o Milan. Te Proceedings o this Symposium have known a relative-ly widespread success, even abroad, although the contributions were entirely

written in Italian. It was with pride and pleasure that we heard that the volumehad become popular in Bulgaria as well, the homeland o the ancient Traces.

During these last ew years the University o Milan has not neglected itslong-running interest in Trace: in 2012 proessor Cordano organized a Semi-nar on Greek cults in Trace and, as editor, I assembled the contributions intoa miscellaneous volume. We tried to adopt a different perspective to look atthe Tracian world rom the one we had previously, and we ocused on theGreek cities ounded in Trace, by analyzing Greek cults in the area through across-cultural approach.

Over the last decade scholars have engaged in lively debates about the cul-ture, the history and diachronic development o Tracian civilization. akinginto account new archaeological data, scholars have investigated historical andreligious aspects o that civilization, its material culture, and Greek and Romaninteraction with the Tracians. Nevertheless, i we consider the double mean-ing o the word in its concrete and metaphorical shade, the Tracian space

is still worthy o exploration, and we are pleased to present to the reader thisnew interdisciplinary and diachronic volume that sets out to reconstruct theascinating world o the Tracians, taking advantage o the results o recentscholarship, and o the intertwining o different domains and fields o researchsuch as epigraphy, history, archeolog y, geography.

Te contributors o this volume work in Italy, France, Greece, the CzechRepublic and Bulgaria, respectively. Tey are Romanians, Bulgarians, French,Czechs and Italians. Te international milieu o the authors seems to us to be

the best way to deal with a key topic that entails a philosophical challenge tothe notion o identity and, in particular, barbarian identity across the agesand viewed through its transormations and its elusive nature, despite everyeffort to find a definitive classification (and recent scholarship has ofen given


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12 Paola Schrripa

proo o ailing in this sense). Interdisciplinary methods, various human andacademic experiences and deeply rooted scientific interests may give us the op-

portunity to find an intermediate way to work together, to have a dialoguetogether, in many languages, in many ways.

Te volume opens with what is nothing more than a general retrospectivere-reading o my study o 2004; on the basis o the analysis o Tracian mythsin Attic drama, I then argued that the Athenians across the classical age regard-ed the Tracian world as primitive and violent, a eature that has been ofenunderlined by scholars. Afer a ew years I would like to challenge my ownargumentation by giving the reader a provocative view o the notion itsel oTrace and Tracian scholarship, in the light o the ollowing crucial ques-tion: is it possible to get rid o the prejudices and the bias hidden or maniestlyshown in ancient Greek and Roman sources in order to give a reliable portraito Trace? A ew recent scholarly contributions are stimulating in this respectbecause they still seem to be deeply indebted to the ancient imagery createdby Greek myth and by Greek historiography, as is the case with the socio-eco-nomic analysis o the Odrysian kingdom and the royal system o taxation. Teimagerie and the imaginaire o Tace and the ways through which these havebeen conceptualized have ofen revealed themselves to be misleading, but theyhave influenced, consciously or unconsciously, the modern reading o Traceand Tracian culture, the complexity o which, on the contrary, cannot beoversimplified.

Te other contributions can be divided into these ollowing categories andstrands o discussion:

1) Te geography o Trace.2) Te diachronic history o the region.

3) Te literary aspects.4) Te material culture.

Within this ramework, Federica Cordano analyses the topography o MontHaemus by ollowing, in particular, the narrative o Strabo and o the late com-mentaries, and she argues that Mont Haemus played a pivotal role in the his-tory o the Tracian tribes, by identiying it as a crucial crossing towards theBlack Sea. Te syntax o space and geography helps us reconstruct the human

and historical experience and Federica Cordano assesses how the configurationo space over the decades affected the history o the populations o the area.In more historical terms, the contributions o Maria Mainardi, Tibault Cas-

telli, Francesco Camia, Jordan Iliev and Alexandru Avram, here cited accord-


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Introduction and acknowledgements 13

ing to a mere chronological order, ocus on more specifically historical top-ics. Maria Mainardi starts rom the historical premise that the mining site oKrenides was attacked by a Tracian King in 356 B.C. Krenides asked the helpo Philip II rom Macedonia, and Mainardi canvasses a well-cut history o thescholarship devoted to the subject in order to assess the historical events and togive an identity to the Tracian king.

Tibault Castellis article points to the political and economical relation-ships between the Greeks and the Tracians around the bay o Bourgas acrossthe 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C. He emphasizes the ortified nature o this site,and, in order to classiy the political status o the settlement, he offers a signifi-cant overview o the numismatic evidence and o the huge amount o arteactsounded in the area in light o a critical reading o past theoretical works ondefining, classiying, and interpreting the historical and ethnic identity o thesite, thus drawing attention right rom the beginning to the interdisciplinarynature o his work. Camias and Ilievs contributions can be read as stronglylinked to each other: they deal with the theme o the Roman conquest o theregion rom two different perspectives. Jordan Iliev draws the long history oTracians and Roman contacts rom the 2nd century B.C. to the atal date o46 AD when the northern region o Mont Haemus became a Roman province.Francesco Camia is more interested in the process o the Tracians Romani-zation rom 46 AD and in the percentage o the distribution o citizenship tothe Tracian people, an historical and political phenomenon which entailed amassive and irreversible change in the lie o the region and a crucial crisis othe notion o Tracian sel-identity. Alexandru Avram examines the conditionsand the historical effects o the Roman conquest across the Danube provincesby analizying the distribution o the ethnic names o the Daces in the Danube

region to better define the relations between the so-called Daces and the otherpeoples settled in the region. In this light, the relations within the Daces, theRomans and the declining Odrisian kingdom are careully investigated.

Moving towards more historiographical and cultural aspects, Dan andMadalina Dana careully analyse the ragments o the authors o the so-calledTrakik. Te ortune o recent scholarship engaged with the re-discovery oragmentary history does not hide the intrinsically magmatic and elusive na-ture o this kind o sources, and the survey given by D. and M. Dana challenge

the crucial question linked to the actual existence o a local history in Trace.Te contributions o Federica Giacobello, Simone Romano, Martin renand okto Stoyanov deal with the material culture o the region orm different

perspectives: F. Giacobello analyses the imagerie o Tracian women in Greek


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iconography with special regard to Attic and Italic pottery. Simone Romanoand Martin ren examine the model o spectacle fibulae between central Eu-rope and the Balkanic peninsula. . Stoyanov analyses the archaeological con-text o the decoration o the silver jug rom Naip with a White Lotus and hecareully investigates the decorative details o the jugs coming rom Naip that

present remarkable novelties in style. A Greek workshop was probably at workto satisy the Tracian taste.

Te overall view o the contents o the volume is not exhaustive in itsel andrisks undermining the scientific value o each contribution. Tus, I would liketo warmly thank every single author o this small book or taking part in this

publication with enthusiasm. Most o them have been riends or long; othershave become riends thanks to this common project and I am pleased to havehad the academic and cultural opportunity to cross their paths.

Milan, July 2015


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ARISTONOTHOSScritti per il Mediterraneo antico

1. Strumenti, suono, musica in Etruria e in Grecia: letture tra archeologia efonti letterarie

2. Mythoi siciliani in Diodoro

3. Aspetti nellorientalizzante nellEtruria e nel Lazio

4. Convivenze etniche e contatti di culture

5. Il ruolo degli oppida e la difesa del territorio in Etruria: casi di studio eprospettive di ricerca

6. Culti e miti greci in aree periferiche

7. Convivenze etniche, scontri e contatti di culture in Sicilia e Magna Grecia

8. La cultura a Sparta in et classica

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I Traci Tra Geografia e Storia Ed. Arist