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1. Identifikasi alkaloid Most alkaloids are precipitated from neutral or slightly acid solution by Mayer’s reagent (potassiomercuric iodide solution), by Wagner’s reagent (solution of iodine in potassium iodide), by solution of tannic acid, by Hager’s reagent (a saturated solution of picric acid), or by Dragendorff ’s reagent (solution of potassium bismuth iodide). These precipitates may be amorphous or crystalline and are of various colours: cream (Mayer’s), yellow (Hager’s), reddish-brown (Wagner’s and Dragendorff ’s).Caffeine and some other alkaloids do not give these precipitates Caffeine, a purine derivative, does not precipitate like most alkaloids. It is usually detected by mixing with a very small amount of potassium chlorate and a drop of hydrochloric acid, evaporating to dryness and exposing the residue to ammonia vapour. A purple colour is produced with caffeine and other purine derivatives 2. Ekstraksi dan pemurnian Method I: The powder is treated with alkalis to liberates the free bases that can then be extracted with water immiscible organic solvents. Method II: The powdered material is extracted with water or aqueous alcohol containing dilute acid. Alkaloids are extracted as their salts together with accompanying soluble impurities. Method III:

Identifikasi Alkaloid

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Page 1: Identifikasi Alkaloid

1. Identifikasi alkaloid

Most alkaloids are precipitated from neutral or slightly acid solution by Mayer’s reagent (potassiomercuric iodide solution), by Wagner’s reagent (solution of iodine in potassium iodide), by solution of tannic acid, by Hager’s reagent (a saturated solution of picric acid), or by Dragendorff ’s reagent (solution of potassium bismuth iodide). These precipitates may be amorphous or crystalline and are of various colours: cream (Mayer’s), yellow (Hager’s), reddish-brown (Wagner’s and Dragendorff ’s).Caffeine and some other alkaloids do not give these precipitates Caffeine, a purine derivative, does not precipitate like most alkaloids. It is usually detected by mixing with a very small amount of potassium chlorate and a drop of hydrochloric acid, evaporating to dryness and exposing the residue to ammonia vapour. A purple colour is produced with caffeine and other purine derivatives

2. Ekstraksi dan pemurnian

Method I:The powder is treated with alkalis to liberates the free bases that can then be extracted withwater immiscible organic solvents.Method II:The powdered material is extracted with water or aqueous alcohol containing dilute acid.Alkaloids are extracted as their salts together with accompanying soluble impurities.Method III:The powder is extracted with water soluble organic solvents such as MeOH or EtOH whichare good solvents for both salts and free bases.

3. Ekstraksi of alkaloid

The powdered material is moistened with water and mixed with lime which combines with acids, tanin and another phenolic substances and sets free the alkaloids (if they exist in the plant as salts)

Extraction is then carried out with organic solvents such as ether or petroleum spirit. The concentrated organic liquid is then shaken with aqueos acid and allowed

Page 2: Identifikasi Alkaloid

to separate. Alkaloid salts are now in the aqueous liquid, while many impurities remain behind in the organic liquid

The powdered material is extracted with water or aqueous alcohol containing dilute acid. Pigments and other unwated materials are remove by shaking with chloroform or other organic solvents

The free alkaloids are then precipitated by the addition of excess sodium bicarbonate or ammonia and separated by filtration or by extraction with organic solvents

1. Identifikasi alkaloid

Kebanyakan alkaloid yang diendapkan dari larutan netral atau sedikit asam dengan reagen Mayer (kalium merkuri solusi iodida), dengan reagen Wagner (larutan yodium dalam kalium iodida), dengan larutan asam tannic, dengan reagen Hager (suatu larutan jenuh asam picric), atau dengan reagen Dragendorff 's (larutan kalium iodida bismut). Endapan ini mungkin amorf atau kristal dan berbagai warna:. Cream (Mayer), kuning (Hager itu), coklat kemerahan Kafein (Wagner dan Dragendorff 's) dan beberapa alkaloid lain tidak memberikan ini endapan Kafein, turunan purin, tidak mengendap seperti kebanyakan alkaloid. Hal ini biasanya dideteksi dengan mencampur dengan jumlah yang sangat kecil dari potasium klorat dan setetes asam klorida, penguapan sampai kering dan mengekspos residu uap amonia. Sebuah warna ungu diproduksi dengan kafein dan turunan purin lainnya

2. Ekstraksi Dan pemurnian

Metode I:

Serbuk diperlakukan dengan alkali untuk membebaskan dasar gratis yang kemudian dapat diekstraksi dengan

air pelarut organik larut.

Metode II:

Bubuk bahan diekstraksi dengan air atau alkohol berair yang mengandung asam encer.

Page 3: Identifikasi Alkaloid

Alkaloid yang diambil sebagai garam mereka bersama-sama dengan disertai kotoran larut.

Cara III:

Serbuk diekstraksi dengan air pelarut organik larut seperti MeOH atau EtOH yang

adalah pelarut yang baik untuk kedua garam dan basa gratis.

3. Ekstraksi alkaloid

Bubuk materi dibasahi dengan air dan dicampur dengan kapur yang menggabungkan dengan asam, tanin dan fenolik zat lain dan set membebaskan alkaloid (jika mereka ada di pabrik sebagai garam)

Ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan dengan pelarut organik seperti eter atau petroleum spirit. Cairan organik pekat kemudian dikocok dengan asam aqueos dan memungkinkan untuk memisahkan. Garam alkaloid sekarang dalam cairan berair, sementara banyak kotoran tetap di belakang dalam cairan organik

Bubuk bahan diekstraksi dengan air atau alkohol berair yang mengandung asam encer. Pigmen dan bahan unwated lainnya hapus dengan gemetar dengan kloroform atau pelarut organik lainnya

The alkaloid bebas kemudian diendapkan dengan penambahan kelebihan natrium bikarbonat atau amonia dan dipisahkan dengan filtrasi atau ekstraksi dengan pelarut organik