23

izdj.k nqljs

izkFkfed lgdkjh ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkakph ‘kaHkj o”ksZ

2-1 izkLrkfod

HkkaMoykph derjrk vlysY;k Hkkjrkr ‘ksrh gsp ijaijsus pkyr vkysys

eq[; miftohdsps lk/ku vkgs- 19 O;k ‘krdkP;k mRrjk/kkZr ‘ksrhyk ‘ksdMks o”ksZ

dtZiqjoBk dj.kkÚ;k lkodkjkaP;k Qlo.kqdhyk daVkGwu ‘ksrdÚ;kauh mBko dsys ;k

mBkokaph n[ky Hkkjrkoj jkT; dj.kkÚ;k baxztkauk ?;koh ykxyh- mik;

‘kks/k.;klkBh rTKkapk lYyk ?ksÅu lgdkjh iriqjoBk laLFkkaph fufeZrh dj.kkjk

dk;nk ¼ b- l- 1904 e/;s ½ djkok ykxyk R;k vxksnjp Hkkjrkr laLFkk fufeZrhps

iz;ksx lq# >kys gksrs- ;kyk dk;n;kpk vk/kkj feGkyk- laLFksps Lo#i o dk;Z

fuf’pr >kys- iq<s cnyysY;k ifjfLFkrhuqlkj o xjtkauqlkj laLFkkaP;k dk;Zi/nrhr

cny gksr xsyk- ;k laLFkk Hkkjrkrhy xzkeh.k Hkkxkr fuekZ.k >kY;k- baxzt Hkkjrkr

vlsIk;Zar toG &toG 30 VDds yksdkai;Zar laLFkkaps dk;Z xsys- Lokra=kuarj

Hkkjrkus vkfFkZd fu;kstukaarxZr ;k laLFkkaP;k ok<hps o fofo/k vaxkuh fodflr

dj.;kps iz;Ru dsys- Hkkjrh; ‘ksrdÚ;kauk 100 o”kaZkis{kk tkLr dkG dtZiqjoBk

dj.;kps dk;Z ;k laLFkk djhr vkgsr- ljdkj] rTK] dk;sZdrsZ o ‘ksrdjh ;kaP;k

lgHkkxkrwu laLFkkaps dk;Z foLrkjhr gksr vkgs laLFkkaP;k fodklkcjkscj R;kaP;kr

vusd nks”k o mf.kok fuekZ.k >kY;k- R;k deh dj.;kps iz;Ru dsys tkr vkgsr-

HkkjrkP;k vkfFkZd bfrgklkr izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkauk egRokps LFkku vkgs-

2-2 Lokra«;iqoZ dkGkrhy izxrh

baxztkaps jktoVhP;k dkGkr Hkkjrkr izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkaph LFkkiuk

>kyh- fczVh’kkauh laLFkkP;k fodklklkBh iz;Ru dsys- Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; feGkY;kuarj

Hkkjrkus vkiys Lor%ps ufou vkfFkZd /kksj.k vk[kys- ;k /kksj.kkrgh ;k laLFkkaP;k

izxrhyk egRo fnys xsy-s ljdkj] fopkjoar] dk;ZdrsZ] ‘ksrdjh ;kauh Lokra«;kuarj

laLFkkaP;k fodklklkBh iz;Ru dsys- gh pGoG Hkkjrkr 100 o”kkaZis{kk tkLr

dkyko/khr dk;Z djhr vkgs- laLFkkaP;k izxrhpk vk<kok ?ks.;klkBh Lokra«;iwoZ

dkyko/kh o Lokra«;ksRrj dkyko/kh vls nksu Hkkx izLrqr izdj.kkr dsys vkgsr-

izFke Lokra«;iwoZ dkyko/khpk vk<kok ?ksryk vkgs-

24

1½ ‘ksrdÚ;kapk mBko

baXyMe/;s vkS|ksfxd dzkarh >kyh- baXyaMe/;s dkj[kkU;kr r;kj >kysyk

eky Hkkjrkr fodyk tkÅ ykxyk- eksB;k dkj[kkU;kae/;s r;kj >kysY;k

dkiMklkj[;k ekyk’kh Li/kkZ dj.;kr Hkkjrh; mn;ksx vleFkZ Bjys- Li/ksZeqGs

Hkkjrkrhy y?kq o dqVhj mn;ksx can iMys- R;k O;olk;krhy dkjkxhj o dkexkj

csdkj >kys- rs mnjfuokZgklkBh ‘ksrhdMs oGys- ifj.kkeh ‘ksrhoj voyacwu

vl.kkjkaph la[;k ok<yh- okjaokj iM.kkÚ;k nq”dkGkeqGs gyk[khps thou tx.kkÚ;k

‘ksrdÚ;kaph fLFkrh vf/kdp fcdV >kyh- ‘ksrdÚ;kaps lkodkjkadMwu dtZ ?ks.;kps

izek.k ok<ys- lkodkj ‘ksrhP;k rkj.kkoj dtZ nsr gksrs- ‘ksrhr gks.kkÚ;k rksV;keqGs

dtZ fQVr uOgrs- dtZ u fQVY;kl lkodkj tehu rkC;kr ?ksr gksrs- tfeuhps

ekyd vlysys ‘ksrdjh Hkwfeghu >kys tfeuhoj ‘ksretqj] xqyke Eg.kwu dke d#

ykxys- ;k fLFkrhps o.kZu lj MWfu;y gWfeLVu ;kauh R;kaps o.kZu ^d”khiz/kku Hkkjr

egktukaP;k foG[;kr lkiMyk* vls dsys gksrs-

nf{k.k fganqLFkkukr b- l- 1875 e/;s lkodkj’kkghfo#/n caM >kys-

v’kkizdkjph caMs egkjk”Vªkr iq.ks o uxj ftYg;krgh >kyh- caMkeqGs ljdkjps

y{k ‘ksrdÚ;kadMs os/kys xsys- b- l- 1879 e/;s [kktxh dtkZrhy Qlo.kwd deh

dj.;klkBh ljdkjus MsDDu vWfxzdYpfjLV yksu vWDV eatwj dsyk i.k ;k

dk;n;kapk mi;ksx >kyk ukgh-

2½ irlaLFkk fuekZ.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru

1882 e/;s lj osMjcuZ vkf.k U;k;ewrhZ jkuMs ;kauh ‘ksrdÚ;kaph

lkodkjkaP;k dtkZrwu eqDrrk dj.;klkBh ‘ksrdh caWadsph ;kstuk vk[kyh- ;k

;kstuspk ljdkjoj eksBk vkfFkZd ckstk iMsy vls okVY;kus gh ;kstuk fLodkjyh

xsyh ukgh iq<s 1884 e/;s ljdkjus ,d dk;nk d#u ‘ksrdÚ;kauk ljdkjdMwu

mRiknuklkBh dtZ ns.;kl lq:okr dsyh ek= gs dtZ viqjs gksrs- Eg.kwu ;k

dtkZpk fo’ks”k mi;ksx >kyk ukgh- ;k dkGkr dkgh fopkjoarkuh ‘ksrdÚ;kauk enr

dj.;klkBh iq.ks ftYg;krhy iqjanj rkyqD;kr ‘ksrdh cWaad LFkkiu dj.;kpk iz;Ru

dsyk] i.k R;kyk ;’k vkys ukgh- dtZcktkjhi.kkph leL;k lksMfo.;klkBh o

;ksX; i/nrhus dtZiqjoBk dsyk tkok ;klkBh yksdkadMwu fofo/k fBdk.kh iz;Ru

25

dsys tkr gksrs- iatkce/;s b- l- 1891 e/;s ,d lgdkjh laLFkk LFkkiu >kyh-

gh laLFkk b- l- 1922 Ik;aZar dk;Z djhr gksrh- EgSlqje/;s b- l- 1894 e/;s ,d

d”kh caWad LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh ijarq ;k caWadsyk ‘ksrdÚ;kadMwu iqjslk izfrlkn

feGkyk ukgh-

3½ fczVh’kkadMwu rTK O;DrhaP;k vH;klklkBh fu;qDR;k

Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k vf/kdr mxekckcrps Js; R;k osGsP;k enzkl

ljdkjyk fnys ikfgts- enzkl jkT;kr Hkw&caWadk fdaok ‘ksrh caWaadk LFkkiu dj.ks

fdrir ‘kD; vkgs ;k ckcrpk vH;kl dj.;klkBh enzkl ljdkjus 1882 e/;s

lj QszMjhd fudksylu ;k vf/kdkÚ;kph fu;qDrh dsyh- fudksylu ;kauh teZuhpk

nkSjk dsyk- Hkkjrkr teZu jQk;>u /krhZoj lgdkjh iriqjoBk laLFkk LFkkiu dsY;k

tkO;kr o ;k laLFkkaP;k ek/;ekrwu ‘ksrdÚ;kauk dtZiqjoBk dsyk tkok vls

lqpfoys-

Jh- fudksylu ;kapk vH;kl lq# vlrkukp M;wijusDl ;kauh mRrj izns’kkr

‘ksrh cWaadsph LFkkiuk dsyh gksrh-1 R;kauh vkiY;k vuqHkokoj vk/kkjhr People’s

Bank for Northern India’ gs iqLrd izdkf’kr dsys- ;k ekfgrhpk o iz;Rukapk mi;ksx

lgdkjh ir laLFkkaP;k fufeZrhyk >kyk-

4½ 1904 pk ifgyk dk;nk %

fudksylu ;kapk vH;kl o M;wijusDl ;kapk vuqHko ;kdMs ljdkjps y{k

os/kys xsys ifj.kkeh ljdkjus ;k fo”k;k laca/kh vH;kl d#u ;ksX; f’kQkjlh lknj

dj.;klkBh 1901 e/;s ,dk lferhph fu;qDrh dsyh lferhps izeq[k lnj ,MoMZ

yk gksrs-2 lferhus xzkeh.k o ‘kgjh Hkkxkrhy nqcZy o dtZcktkjh O;Drhauk

dtZiqjoBk dj.;kdfjrk teZuhrhy jQk;>u i/nrhoj vk/kkjhr lgdkjh

dtZiqjoBk laLFkk LFkkiu dj.ks vko’;d vlY;kpk fu”d”kZ dk<yk o R;klaca/khP;k

f’kQkj’khoj vk/kkjhr lgdkjh laLFkkapk dk;nk dj.;kpk ljdkjus fu.kZ; ?ksryk-

Hkkjrkr 1904 e/;s ifgyk lgdkjh dk;nk vfLrRokr vkyk- ;k dk;n;keqGs

‘ksrhyk laLFkkRed ekxk±uh dtZiqjoBk dj.;kps uos ioZ lq# >kys- ;k dk;n;kuqlkj

dsanz ljdkjdus lgdkjh laLFkk LFkkiu dj.;klaca/kh lkekU; rRos fuf’pr dsyh o

izkafrd ljdkjkauk LFkkfud ijfLFkrhuqlkj dk;n;kr ;ksX; rks cny dj.;kpk

vf/kdkj fnyk- ;k dk;n;kusp Hkkjrkr [kÚ;k vFkkZus lgdkjh pGoGhyk lq#okr

26

>kyh- ;k dk;n;kps o.kZu gsUjh oqYQ ;kauh vkfFkZd vkf.k lkekftd bfrgklkyk

oG.k yko.kkjk dk;nk* vls dsys vkgs- MWfu;y gWfeYVu ;kauh ;k dk;n;kps

o.kZu ^^ nkfjnz;kdMwu le/nhdMs us.kkjk ,d egRokpk ekxZ ** vls dsys vkgs-

1904 P;k ifgY;k lgdkjh dk;n;krhy rjrqnh

1- ,dkp [ksM;krhy fdaok VkÅu e/khy 10 fdaok 10 is{kk tkLr O;Drhauk

lgdkjh irlaLFkk lq# dj.;kpk vf/kdkj ns.;kr vkyk-

2- dk;n;kuqlkj QDr dtZiqjoBk dj.kkÚ;k laLFkk dk<.;klp ijokuxh ns.;kr

vkyh-

3- lgdkjh laLFkkaps xzkeh.k o ‘kgjh vls oxhZdj.k dj.;kr vkys-

4- xzkeh.k lgdkjh laLFkaklkBh ve;kZfnr nkf;Ro o ukxjh Hkkxkrhy laLFkkalkBh

e;kZfnr fdaok ve;kZfnr nkf;Ro fuf’pr dj.;kr vkys-

5- 1000 laLFkkais{kk tkLr HkkxHkkaMoy dks.kR;kgh lHkklnkyk ?ksrk ;s.kkj ukgh gh

e;kZnk fuf’pr dj.;kr vkyh-

6- xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy loZ laLFkkauh feGkysyk loZ uQk jk[kho fuf/kr tek dsyk

ikfgts] ‘kgjh Hkkxkrhy laLFkkauh 25 VDds u¶;kpk fgLlk jk[kho fu/khr Vkd.ks

vko’;d vkgs v’kh vV ?kky.;kr vkyh-

7- dtZ QDr lHkklnkaukp oS;fDrd fdaok okLro rkj.kkoj fnys tkbZy-

8- laLFkkaph fg’kksc rikl.kh o laLFkkaoj fu;a=.k Bso.;klkBh jftLVªkjph fu;qDrh dj.;kpk vf/kdkj ljdkjyk ns.;kr vkyk

9- lgdkjh laLFkkalkBh ;ksX; rs dk;ns dj.;kpk vf/kdkj ljdkjyk ns.;kr vkyk-

10-laLFkkauk LVWEi M;qVh] mRiUu dj o jftLVªs’ku Qhe/;s loyr ns.;kr vkyh

gksrh- ;k dk;n;kUo;s LFkkiu >kysY;k laLFkkauk gh loyr feG.kkj gksrh-

5½ cgqmn~ns’kh; laLFkkaph LFkkiuk

1904 P;k dk;n;kus lgdkjh irlaLFkk LFkki.;kyk izksRlkgu feGkys- ;k

dk;n;kus laLFkkaps mn~ns’k o jpuk Li”V >kyh- laLFkkauk dkgh loyrh feGkY;k

R;keqGs ns’kkr lgdkjh irlaLFkk LFkkiu gksÅ ykxY;k-laLFkk LFkkiu gksr vlrkukp

laLFkkauh iriqjoB;kcjkscjp ‘ksrdÚ;kauk enr dj.;klkBh brj dk;sZ djkohr gh

dYiuk iq<s vkyh R;keqGs laLFkkaps Lo#i cnyw ykxys o cgqmns’kh; laLFkk

LFkkiu gksÅ ykxY;k- 1912 e/;s cMksnk laLFkkukrhy dksfnukj ;k rkyqD;kr

iriqjoB;kf’kok; brj dk;sZ dj.kkjh laLFkk LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh- v’kh

cgqmn~ns’kh; laLFkk LFkkiu dj.;kpk rks Hkkjrkrhy ifgyk iz;ksx gksrk- ;k laLFksP;k

LFkkiusr lj euhyky ukukoVh ;kauh iq<kdkj ?ksryk gksrk- R;kuarj ;k laLFkkae/;s

27

ok< gksÅ ykxyh- cgqmn~ns’kh; laLFkk ‘ksrh ir iqjoB;kcjkscjp ‘ksrdÚ;kauh

mRiknhr dsysY;k ‘ksrekykps ,df=dj.k d#u ‘ksrekykph fodzh dj.;kps o

‘ksrekykoj izfØa;k dj.;kps dk;Z djhr gksR;k-3 Ogksjsl IyWdsV ;kauh ^mRre d”kh]

mRre O;olk; vkf.k mRre thouLrj* gh mfn~n”Vs lk/; d# ‘kdrhy

v’kkizdkjP;k laLFkkauk cgqmn~ns’kh; laLFkk vls lacks/kys vkgs-

6½ 1910&11 Ik;±rpk laLFkkaP;k izxrhpk ifgyk VIik

Hkkjrkr 1904 uarj ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkkaph ok< gksÅ ykxyh 1910& 11

i;±r laLFkkaph >kysyh izxrh rDrk dza-2-1 e/;s n’kZfoyh vkgs- ;k dkGkr

laLFkkauh osxkus izxrh dsY;kps Li”V gksrs-

rDrk dza-2-1

Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh pGoGhph izxrh

¼1906&7 rs 1910&11½

v-

ua-

o”kZ laLFkkaph

la[;k

lHkkln

¼gtkjkr½

[k [ksGrs HkkaMoy

¼y ¼yk[kkr½

1 1906&07 843 90-84 23-72

2 1907&08 1357 149-16 44-14

3 1908&09 1963 180-34 82-32

4 1909&10 3428 224-40 124-68

5 1910&11 5321 305-08 203-05

lanHkZ %& dks&vkWijs’ku bu bafM;k ch-,l ekFkqj ¼1986½ lkfgR;

Hkou vkxzk iku ua-67

1904 P;k vxksnjp lgdkjh laLFkk LFkki.;kl lq#okr >kyh gksrh-

1904 P;k dk;n;kus R;kyk osx vkyk o 1906&07 rs 1910&11 Ik;±r

izfro”khZ la[;k ok<r xsyh vkgs- 1906&07 rs 1910&11 ;k ikp o”kkZps

dkyko/khr laLFkkaph la[;k lgk iVhis{kk tkLr ok<yh QDr laLFkkaph

la[;kp ok<yh ukgh] rj lHkklnla[;k o [ksGR;k HkkaMoykrgh ok< >kyh

1906&07 e/;s laLFkkaps ,dw.k lHkkln 90-84 gtkj gksrs- R;krp rhu

iVhis{kk tkLr ok< gksÅu gh la[;k 305-08 Ik;Zar ok<yh 1906&07

e/;s laLFkkaps [ksGrs HkkaMoy 23-72 yk[k gksrs- 1910&11 Ik;Zar R;kr

toGtoG vkBiV ok< gksÅu [ksGrs HkkaMoy 203-05 yk[k brds >kys-

28

[ksGR;k HkkaMoykr >kysyh ok< laLFkkaP;k O;ogkjkr ok< gksr gksrh- gs Li”V

djrs-

1904 P;k lgdkj dk;n;keqGs Hkkjrkr lgdkjh irpGoGhyk

dk;ns’khj vf/k”Bku izkIr >kY;keqGs HkkjrkP;k cgqrsd loZp izkarkr lgdkjh

pGoGhyk lq#okr >kyh- lgdkjh pGoGhP;k ok<hcjkscjp lgdkjh

laLFkkaP;k xjtk ok<w ykxY;k ok<R;k xjtkeqGs 1912 pk dk;nk laer

dsyk xsyk- 1904 P;k dk;n;krhy dkgh rjrqnh dk;e Bso.;kr vkY;k

ek= dkgh uohu rjrqnh dj.;kr vkY;k

1912 P;k dk;n;keqGs lgdkjh pGoG dsoG irpGoG vkgs gs

Lo#i u”V >kys o lgdkjh pGoGhph O;kIrh ok<yh- ;k dk;n;keqGs

lgdkjh laLFkkaph la[;k] laLFkaP;k lHkklnkaph la[;k o HkkxHkkaMoykr ok<

>kyh- lgdkjh pGoGhph la[;kRed ok< gksr gksrh i.k ;k pGoGhph

fuf’pr fn’kk Bjfo.ks vko’;d gksrs Eg.kwu 1914 e/;s ljdkjus

eWDysxu ;kaps v/;{krs[kkyh lferh useyh- ;k lferhus Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh

pGoGhpk vH;kl dsyk- lferhyk lgdkjh pGoGhr iq<hy nks”k fnlwu

vkys- rs deh dj.;klkBh ;k lferhus dkgh f'kQkj'kh dsY;k gksR;k-

eWDysxu lferhus dsysY;k f’kQkjlh lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k fodklklkBh vR;ar

egRoiw.kZ gksR;k ;k f’kQkjlhae/;s nksu egRokP;k f’kQkjlh gksR;k-

1- lgdkjh irpGoGhph jpuk rhu&ikrGhoj vlkoh-

2- rkyqdk ikrGhoj ns[kjs[k la?kkph LFkkiuk djkoh-

f=&ikrGh lgdkjh irlaLFkkP;k jpusr ifgyh ikrGh Eg.kts [ksM;kP;k

ikrGhoj izkFkfed lgdkjh irlaLFkk vlkO;kr nqljh ikrGh Eg.kts

ftYg;kps ikrGhoj ftYgk e/;orhZ lgdkjh cWaad vlkoh o frlÚ;k

ikrGhoj jkT; ikrGhoj jkT; lgdkjh caWad vlkoh vls lferhus lqpfoys-

lferhP;k ers [ksM;krhy ‘ksrdÚ;kauh feGwu izkFkfed lgdkjh irlaLFkk

LFkkiu djkoh- ftYg;krhy loZ lgdkjh laLFkk o O;Drhauh feGwu ftYgk

ikrGhoj cWaad LFkkiu djkoh- ftYgk ikrGhojhy cWaadkauh o O;Drhauh feGwu

jkT; ikrGhoj jkT; lgdkjh cWaadsph LFkkiuk djkoh-

rkyqD;krhy izkFfed lgdkjh laLFkkauh ,d= ;sÅu rkyqdk ikrGhoj

ns[kjs[k la?kkph LFkkiuk djkoh gk la?k rkyqD;krhy laLFkkaoj ns[kjs[k

dj.;kps o R;kauk enr dj.;kps dk;Z djsy- eWDysxu lferhP;k

f’kQkjlhapk ljdkjus fLodkj dsyk o R;kizek.ks lgdkjh irpGoGhph

29

f=&ikrGhoj jpuk dj.;kr vkyh- rkyqdk ikrGhoj izkFkfed laLFkkauh

,d= ;sÅu ^ns[kjs[k la?kkph* LFkkiuk dsyh-

ftYgk ikrGhoj dsanzh; caWad vlkoh ;k eWDysxu lferhP;k

f’kQkjlhaps vxksnjp ns’kkr ftYgk ikrGhoj dsanzh; cWaadkaP;k LFkkiusyk

lq#okr >kyh gksrh- 1906 e/;s mRrj izns’kkr ftYgk ikRkGhojhy ifgyh

lgdkjh cWaad LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh gksrh- rlsp 1910 e/;s jktLFkkue/khy

vtesj ;sFks ftYgk ikrGhoj dsanzh; caWad LFkkiu dj.;kr vkyh- 1912

e/;s >kysY;k lgdkjh dk;n;keqGs ftYgk cWaadk LFkkiu dj.;kl enr

>kyh gksrh- ek= eWDysxu lferhus v’kk cWaadkaph f’kQkjl dsY;keqGs ns’k

ikrGhoj dsanzh; caWadk LFkkiu gks.;kl lq#okr >kyh- ek= ns’kkP;k loZp

Hkkxkr eWDysxu lferhP;k f’kQkjlhaph vaeyctko.kh ;ksX; i/nrhus >kyh

ukgh-

7½ 1911&12 rs 1917&18 ;k dkyko/khrhy izxrh

1904 P;k dk;n;kus lgdkjh irlaLFkkaph izxrh dk;ns’khji.ks lq#

>kyh o ns’kkP;k fofo/k Hkkxkr lgdkjh irpGoG iksgpyh- 1912 P;k

dk;n;kus ns’kkr iriqjoBk dj.kkÚ;k laLFkkcjkscjp brj {ks=kr dk;Z

dj.kkÚ;k lgdkjh laLFkk fuekZ.k gks.;kl lq#okr >kyh- ;k dk;n;kus

ns’kkrhy lgdkjh irpGoG o brj lgdkjh laLFkkaph izxrh >kyh- ;k

dky[kaMkrhy izxrh rDrk dza- 2-2 e/;s n’kZfo.;kr vkyh vkgs-

rDrk dz-2-2 Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh pGoGhph izxrh

¼1911&12 rs 1917&18½

o”kZ laLFkkaph la[;k lHkkln ¼yk[kkr½ [ksGrs HkkaMoy

¼yk[kkr½

1911&12 8177 4-7 335-7

1917&18 25192 10-9 760-09

lanHkZ %& dks&vkWijs’ku bu bafM;k] ch-,l ekFkqj ¼1986½] iku ua- 68

1911&12 e/;s ns’kkr 8177 lgdkjh laLFkk gksR;k] R;krp 1917&18

Ik;Zaar rhu iVhais{kk tkLr ok< >kyh- 1917&18 e/;s laLFkakph la[;k 25192

brdh >kyh- laLFkkaP;k la[;srhy ok<hcjkscjp lHkkln la[;srgh ok< >kyh-

30

laLFkkaph ,dw.k lHkklnla[;k 1911&12 e/;s 4-7 yk[k gksrh- 1917&18 Ik;aZar

R;kr toG &toG vMhpiV ok< gksÅu gh la[;k 10-9 yk[k >kyh-

1911&12 e/;s laLFkkaps [ksGrs HkkaMoy 335-7 yk[k gksrs- 1917&18 Ik;aZar

R;kr nqiVhis{kk tkLr ok< gksÅu [ksGrs HkkaMoy 760-09 yk[k #i;s >kys ;ko#u

Li”V gksrs dh] 1911&12 rs 1917&18 e/;s lgdkjh pGoGhph lokZaaxh.k ok<

>kyh ek= 1906&07 rs 1910-11 ;k dkyko/khr >kysY;k ok<hP;k rqyusus gh

ok< deh gksrh- 1917&18 e/;s ,dw.k lgdkjh laLFkk 25192 gksR;k- R;kr

23741 laLFkk ‘ksrhyk foRriqjoBk dj.kkÚ;k gksR;k-

8½ 1919 rs 1929&30 e/khy izxrh

1919 uarj lgdkjh pGoGhyk uoh fn’kk feGkyh 1919 e/;s

lgdkjfo”k;d lq/kkj.kk dk;nk dj.;kr vkyk- ;k dk;n;kus lgdkj [kkrs jkT;

¼izkafrd½ ljdkjdMs lksifo.;kr vkys- jkT; ljdkjkauh lgdkj gs Lora= [kkrs

fuekZ.k d#u lgdkj [kkR;klkBh Lora= ea«;kaph fu;qDrh dsyh- dkgh dk;ZdR;kZuh

yksdfiz; laLFkkuh ;k dk;kZyk fo’ks”k egRo fnys- R;krwu lgdkj pGoGhus xrh

?ksryh ifj.kkeh izkFkfed lgdkjh irlaLFkkaP;k fodklkyk enr >kyh o 1918&19

rs 1929&30 ;k dkyko/khr laLFkkae/;s osxkus ok< >kyh- gk dkyko/kh ifgY;k

egk;q/nkruarjpk dkyko/kh vkgs ;q/nkeqGs vusd oLrwaph VapkbZ fuekZ.k >kyh]

oLrwaP;k fdaerhr ok< >kyh ;k loZ ckchapk ifj.kke gksÅu lgdkjh pGoG

ok<yh- lgdkjh pGoGhps egRo yksdkauk iVY;keqGs pGoGhP;k ok<hl mRrstu

feGkys R;keqGs ;k dkyko/khr ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkkaph ok< >kyh] R;kaP;k

HkkaMoykr o O;ogkjkr ok< >kyh-4 ;k dkyko/khr lgdkjh pGoGhpk fodkl

fo”ke gksrk ;k dkyko/khrhy lgdkjh pGoGhpk vH;kl vusd lfeR;kauh dsyk

R;kr caWadhax pkSd’kh lferh o jkW;y dfe’ku vkWu vWfxzdYpj ;kapk lekos’k gksrk-

jkW;y dfe’kuus ^ lgdkjh laLFkk xzkeh.k Hkkjrh;kaps vk’kkLFkku* vlY;kps mn~xkj

dk<ys-5 ;k dkyko/khr lgdkjh pGoGhr ok< >kyh vlyh rjh vH;kldkauk

vusd nks”k vk<Gys- laLFkkauh lgdkjh rRokadMs nqyZ{k dsys gksrs- lgdkjh

laLFkkaph vkfFkZd enr /kekZnk; enr vlY;kps Hkklfoys gksrs- laLFkke/;s dke

dj.kkjk deZpkjh oxZ lgdkjh rRokafo”k;h vKkuh gksrk- pGoGhr nks”k vlys rjh

gk dkG pGoGhP;k n”Vhus izxrhpk gksrk- ;k dkyko/khr 1925 e/;s eqacbZ izkarkr

izFke lgdkjh dk;nk dj.;kr vkyk- ;k dk;n;kuarj enzkl] fcgkj] vksfjlk]

caxky] bR;kfn izkafrd ljdkjkauh dk;ns dsys- ;keqGs lgdkjh pGoGhP;k

31

fodklkyk enr >kyh- 1919&20 rs 1929&30 ;k dkyko/khr Hkkjrkr

izkFkfed lgdkjh irlaLFkkapk osxkus fodkl >kyk- 1919&20 e/;s ;k laLFkkaph

la[;k 28873 gksrh- 1929&30 Ik;Zar R;kr 83093 brdh ok< >kyh-6

Eg.ktsp toG toG rhuiV la[;k ok<yh lHkkln la[;k 903000 o#u

2792000 Ik;Zar ok<yh lHkkln la[;srgh rhu iV ok< >kyh- ;k dkyo/khr

olwy Hkkx HkkaMoykr pkj iV ok< >kyh-

9½ 1929&30 rs 1949&50 ;k dky[kaMkrhy izxrh

tkxfrd egkeanhuarjpk gk dkG Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh pGoGhP;k n”Vhus

vMp.khpk gksrk- izkFkfed lgdkjh irlaLFkkaph Fkdckdh ok<yh o laLFkkapk

fodkl [kqaVyk- vusd laLFkk can iMY;k- Hkkjrkrhy dkgh jkT;kr lgdkjh

pGoG dksyeMyh mnk- fcgkj] vksfjlk] caxky ;k jkT;kr tkxrhd egkeafneqGs

lgdkjh laLFkk vMp.khr vkY;kps lkafxrys tkr gksrs ek= ts-ih-fu;ksxh ;kauh

;kckcr vH;kl d#u lgdkjhrRokps ikyu u dsY;keqGs laLFkk vMp.khr vkY;kps

izfriknu dsys- ;k dkyko/khr laLFkkaP;k fodklklkBh izkafrd ljdkjkauh vkfFkZd

lkgk¸; iqjfo.;kl lq#okr dsyh- laLFkkaP;k dk;kZoj izkafrd ljdkjkauh dkgh

fucs±/k vk.kys- ;k loZ mik;;kstukaeqGs lgdkjh laLFkkaph vkfFkZd fLFkrh lq/kkj.;kl

enr >kyh- ;k dkyko/khr Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd bfrgklkrhy egRokph ?kVuk ?kMyh]

1935 e/;s fj>OgZ caWad vkWQ bafM;kph LFkkiuk >kyh-

1946 e/;s lgdkj fu;kstu lferhus izkFkfed ‘ksrdh lgdkjh laLFkkaps

cgqmns’kh; lgdkjh laLFkkae/;s #ikarj dsys tkos v’kh f’kQkjl dsyh- 1912

iklwup Hkkjrkr cgqmn~ns’akh; Lo#ikP;k izkFkfed lgdkjh laLFkk LFkkiu gksr gksR;k-

lferhus cgqmn~nsf’k; lgdkjh laLFkkauh dks.krh dkes djkohr gs Li”V dsys o

iq<hy dk;sZ djkohr v’kh f’kQkjl dsyh-

1- laLFkkauh ‘ksrdÚ;kauk fidkalkBh dtZiqjoBk djkok-

2- lHkkln ‘ksrdÚ;kaP;k fidkaph fodzh dj.;klkBh ,taV Eg.kwu dk;Z djkos-

3- ch&fc;k.ks] ‘ksrh votkjs o tukojkaP;k [kk|kpk iqjoBk laLFkkaekQZr dsyk

tkok-

4- ‘ksrdÚ;kauk nSuafnu miHkksX; oLrwapk iqjoBk djkok mnk- dkiM] jkWdsy] ehB]

vkxisVh b-

5- nqX/k mRiknu O;olk; dj.kkÚ;k lHkklnkaps nw/k ,df=r d#u rs fod.;kps

dsanz Eg.kwu dk;Z djkos-

32

6- tukojkalkBh izkFkfed oS|dh; enr iqjfo.;kps dk;Z djkos- nqX/k

O;olk;kP;k fodklklkBh oGw ikyu dj.;kdfjrk vkfFkZd enr djkoh-

7- lHkkln lkeqnk;hdi.ks mi;ksx djhr vlysY;k ;a=kaph fuxk o nq#Lrh

dj.;kps dk;Z djkos ;klkBh gs dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k dasnzkph LFkkiuk djkoh-

8- lHkklnkauk ‘ksrh’kh iwjd vlysys O;olk; dj.;klkBh izksRlkfgr djkos-

1947 e/;s fj>OgZ caWadsus laiw.kZ ns’kkr cgqn~ns’kh; lgdkjh laLFkkaph ;kstuk

jkcfoyh tkoh v’kh f’kQkjl dsyh- fj>OgZ cWaadsP;k f’akQkjlhaeqGs ns’kkr loZ= izkFkfed

lgdkjh irlaLFkkaps cgqn~ns’kh; laLFkkae/;s #ikarj dsys tkÅ ykxys- mRrjizns’k]vklke]

EgSlwj] eqacbZ ;k jkT;kae/;s #ikarj dj.;kl fo’ks”k pkyuk ns.;kr vkyh-

cgqn~ns’kh;lgdkjh laLFkkauh [ksMsxkokr pkaxys vkjksX;] pkaxys jkg.kheku] izkS< f’k{k.k

bR;kfn dk;sZ djkohr vls fj>oZ cWaadsus lqpfoys- laLFkkauh vkiys iriqjoB;kps dk;Z

ok<okos- iriqjoB;kP;k dk;Z {ks=kr ok< dsY;kl ;k laLFkkauk ^Oghyst cWad* Eg.kwu

lacks/krk ;sbZy- v’kh f’kQkjl fj>OgZ cWaadsus dsyh-

izkFkfed ‘ksrdh lgdkjh laLFkkauh 1929&30 rs 1950 ;k dkyko/khr dsysY;k

izxrhph ekfgrh rDrk dza-2-3 e/;s n’kZfoyh vkgs- 1929&30 e/;s Hkkjrkr 83093

,dw.k izkFfed ‘ksrdh lgdkjh laLFkk dk;Z djhr gksR;k- ;k la[;sr 1949&50 Ik;±r

133616 brdh ok< >kyh Eg.kts ;k dkyko/khr laLFkkaP;k la[;sr 60 VDds ok<

>kyh- 1929&30 e/;s ,dw.k laLFkkaps lHkkln 2792000 brds gksrs- 1949&50

e/;s lHkkln la[;sr ok< gksÅu ,dw.k lHkkln la[;k 6560000 brdh >kyh-

Eg.ktsp ;k dkyko/khr 2-34 VDds brdh ok< >kyh- ,dw.k laLFkkaP;k la[;srhy ok<h

is{kk lHkkln la[;sr >kysY;k ok<hps izek.k tkLr vkgs-

1929&30 e/;s laLFkkauh 2044 yk[k #i;kaps dtZokVi dsys- 1949&50

e/;s dtZokVikr ok< >kysyh fnlrs- laLFkkauh ;k o”khZ 5214 yk[k #i;kaps dtZokVi

dsys- ;k dkyko/khr dtZ okVikr vMhpiVhis{kk tkLr ok< >kyh- dtZokVikrhy

ok< laLFkkaP;k la[;srhy ok<his{kk o lHkklnla[;srhy ok<hP;k rqyusus tkLr vkgs-

laLFkkauh vkiY;k iriqjoB;krhy ok<hoj tkLr Hkj fnY;kps ;ko#u Li”V gksrs-

1929&30 P;k rqyusus 1949&50 e/;s ;s.ks dtkZps izek.k tkLr fnlrs vkgs-

Fkdckdh ;k dkGkr ok<yh vkgs- ek= Fkdckdhrhy ok<hps izek.k vR;Yi vkgs-

dtZiqjoBk ok<r vlrkuk laLFkkauh vkiyh olqyh ok<oyh vkgs gh ckc fuf’prp

pkaxyh gksrh- laLFkkaP;k fodklklkBh mi;qDr Bjyh-

33

rDrk Ø- 2-3 izkFkfed ‘ksrdh lgdkjh laLFkkaph izxrh

1929&30 rs 1949&50

Ok”kZ la[;k

lHkkln

la[;k

gtkjkr

dtZokVi

yk[k

;s.ks dtZ

Ykk[k

Fkdckdh

Ykk[k

1929&30 83093 2792 2044 3421 723

1934&35 93149 3064 1704 4188 1405

1939&40 101507 3438 2110 4454 1415

1944&45 129698 4768 2694 4288 1154

1949&50 133616 6560 5214 5438 747

lanHkZ & LVWVhLVhdy LVsVesaV fVysVhOg Vw fn dks&vkWijsVhOg eqOgesaV bu bafM;k

1960&61 rDrk ua- 1 iku ua-4

brj dk;sZ

izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkauh dtZiqjoB;k cjkscjp brj dk;sZ dsyh- laLFkkauh lHkklnkauk

vko’;d vlysY;k oLrawwph fodzh dsyh- ‘ksrdjh lHkklnkadMwu ‘ksrekykph [kjsnh d#u

‘ksrekykph fodzh dsyh- rDrk dza- 2-4 e/;s laLFkkauh 1939&40 rs 1945&46 ;k

dkyko/khr dsysY;k ;k dk;kZph ekfgrh ns.;kr vkyh vkgs-

rDrk dz- 2-4 lHkklnkauk fodzh dsysY;k oLrw o R;kaP;k ‘ksrekykph [kjsnh

¼vkdMs dksVh #i;s½

lanHkZ %& Review of the Co-opeerative Moverment in India-1939,46 TABLE NO. 2 R.B.I. Agriculural Credit Department Bomobayo May 1948.

laLFkkauh 1939&40 e/;s 2-6 dksVh #i;kaP;k oLrwaph fodzh lHkklnkauk

dsyh- 1941&42 e/;s 2-1 dksVh #i;kaph] 1943&44 e/;s 7-3 dksVh #i;kaph

1945&46 e/;s 17-5 dksVh #i;s fdaerhP;k oLrwaph fodzh lHkklnkauk dsyh

o”kZ lHkklnkauk fodzh dsysY;k

oLrwaph fdaer

[kjsnh dsysY;k ‘ksrekykph

fdaer

1939&40 2-6 3-2

1941&42 2-1 2-3

1943&44 7-3 6-2

1945&46 17-5 11-3

34

1941&42 ;k o”kkZpk viokn oxGrk izR;sd o”khZ fodzhr ok< vkgs-

1939&40 ;k o”kkZ’kh rqyuk djrk 1945&46 e/;s oLrwaP;k fodzh fdaerhr

toG toG rhuiVhauh ok< >kyh- laLFkkauh cgqmn~ns’kh; dk;Z dj.;kpk iz;Ru

dsyk vkgs-

lHkklnkauk vko’;d vl.kkÚ;k fofo/k oLrwapk iqjoBk dj.;kcjkscjp

laLFkkauh lHkklnkaP;k ‘ksrekykph [kjsnh dsyh- O;kikjh] nyky bR;kfn e/;LFkkaeqGs

‘ksrekykyk ;ksX; Hkko feGr uOgrk- ‘ksrdÚ;kauk R;kaP;k ekykyk cktkjisB

miyC/k d#u ns.;klkBh o Qlo.kwd u djrk ;ksX; Hkko feGowu ns.;klkBh

alaLFkkauh Lor% ‘ksrekykph ‘ksrdjh lHkklnkadMwu [kjsnh dsyh- 1939&40 e/;s

3-2 dksVh #i;kapk ‘ksreky [kjsnh dj.;kr vkyk- 1941&42 e/;s 2-3 dksVh

#i;kapk 1943&44 e/;s 6-2 dksVh #i;kapk o 1945&46 e/;s 11-3 dksVh

#i;kapk ‘ksrekyk [kjsnh dsyk xsyk- 1941&42 pk viokn oxGrk ‘ksreky

[kjsnhr ok< gksr xsyh- 1939&40 ;k o”kkZrhy [kjsnh’kh rqyuk djrk 1945&46

e/;s iVhuh [kjsnh ok<fo.;kr vkyh-

deh mRiUu vlysY;k lHkklnkauk fuHkZy o ntsZnkj oLrwapk ;ksX; fdaerhr

iqjoBk dj.ks gs lgdkjkpsdp egRokps rRo veykr vk.k.;kpk laLFkkauh

Lokra«;kiwoZ dkGkrgh iz;Ru dsyk- ‘ksrekykph [kjsnh d#u ‘ksrdÚ;kauk ;ksX;

mRiUu feGowu ns.;kpk laLFkkauh iz;Ru dsyk gs laLFkk lHkklnkalkBh mRre dk;Z

dj.;kpk iz;Ru djhr gksR;k gs Li”V gksrs-

2-3 laLFkkaph 1951 uarjph izxrh

Lokra«;kuarj HkkjrkP;k jktdh; usR;kauh] lgdkjh pGoGhr dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k

dk;ZdR;kaZauh] lgdkjfo”k;d rTKkauh lgdkjh irpGoGhyk xrh ns.;kps dk;Z dsys-

Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh pGoGhr ljdkjus iq<kdkj ?ksÅu irpGoG fodflr dj.;kpk iz;Ru

dsyk- ‘ksrhpk fodkl >kyk rjp ns’kkpk fodkl gksbZy ;kckcr loZ {ks=krhy rTKkaps o

jktdh; inkf/kdkjh o usR;kaps ,der gksrs- lkoZf=d nkfjnz; vlysY;k ns’kkr ‘ksrh gkp

miftohdk o fodklkpk vk/kkj gksrk- ‘ksrhyk HkkaMoykP;k leL;sus xzklys gksrs- ;k

leL;soj mik; Eg.kwu ‘ksrhyk dtZiqjoBk dj.;kpk laLFkkapk fodkl gkp egRokpk Ik;kZ;

gksrk Eg.kwu lokZauh dsysY;k iz;Rukrwu ns’kkr izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkke/;s la[;kRed o

xq.kkRed ok< dj.;kpk iz;Ru dj.;kr vkyk- ;keqGs >kysY;k izxrhpk vk<kok iq<s

?ks.;kr vkyk vkgs-

35

fofo/k lfeR;kauh o rTKkauh dsysY;k vH;klkeqGs o dsysY;k fofo/k f’kQkjlhP;k

vaeyctko.kheqGs izkFkfed laLFkkaph ;ksX; fn’ksus izxrh gks.;kl enr >kyh- ;k izxrhpk

vk<kok rDrk dza- 2-5 e/;s ?ksryk vkgs-

rDrk dz-2-5

izkFkfed lgdkjh iriqjoBk laLFkkaph izxrh

1950&51 rs 1969&70

v-ua- ri’khy 1950&51 1955&56 1960&61 1966&67 1969&70

1 la[;k 104]998 159939 212129 178735 162700

2 lHkkln ¼gtkjkr½ 4408 7791 17041 26709 29766

3 HkkaMoy ¼dksVh½ 7-6 16-8 57-8 128-6 181-1

4- ,dq.k

dtZiqjoBk dksVh 22-9 49-6 202-8 366-5 540-1

lanHkZ % fn xWf>Vhvj vkWWQ baMh;k] bdkWukWfed LVªDpj vWUM vWDVhOghVht

V III iku ua- 170

Hkkjrkr fu;kstukl izkjaHk >kY;kiklwu gjhrdzakrh Ik;ZaarP;k dkyko/khr izkFkfed

lgdkjh irlaLFkkaP;k la[;sr] lHkkln la[;sr] HkkaMoykr o ,dw.k dtZiqjoB;kr ok<

>kY;kps rDrk dza-2-5 o#u Li”V gksrs- 1950-51 e/;s ns’kkr 104998 lgdkjh laLFkk

gksR;k- 1969&70 Ik;Zar laLFkkaP;k la[;sr 55 VDds ok< >kyh o lgdkjh laLFkkaph

la[;k 162700 brdh >kyh- ek= vls fnlys dh 1950&51 rs 1960&61 pk dkGkr

laLFkkaph la[;k nqIiV >kyh gksrh- oSdqaByky esgrk lferhus laLFkk vFkZ{ke dj.;klkBh

laLFkakph Qsjjpuk djkoh v’kh f’kQkjl dsyh- rhu rs pkj fdyksehVjP;k ifjljkr rhu

gtkjIk;Zr yksdoLrh vlsy rj v’kk HkkxklkBh izR;sdh ,d laLFkk vlkoh v’kh lferhus

f’kQkjl dsyh R;keqGs izkFkfed lgdkjh laLFkkaph ljdkjus Qsjjpuk dsyh- ygku lLFkkaps

,d=hdj.k dj.;kr vkys Eg.kwu 1950&51 iklwu 1960&61 Ik;Zar toG toG nqIiV

>kysyh laLFkkaph la[;k 1960&61 uarj deh >kyh 1969&70 e/;s ,dw.k lLFkkaph

la[;k 162700 brdh >kyh- ,d=hdj.k d:u laLFkkaph Qsjjpuk dsyh vlyh rjh

1950&51 rs 1969&70 ;k dkGkr toGtoG laLFkkaP;k la[;sr 55 VDds ok<

>kyh-

36

1950&51 e/;s laLFkkaP;k ,dw.k lHkklnkaph la[;k 4408 gtkj gksrh-

1969&70 Ik;Zar R;kr lgk iVhis{kk tkLr ok< >kyh- 1969&70 e/;s ,dw.k

lHkklnla[;k 29766 gtkj brdh >kyh- 1950&51 e/;s laLFkkapsdMs 7-6 dksVh #i;kaps

HkkaMoy gksrs- 1969&70 Ik;Zr R;kr toGtoG 24 iV ok< >kyh- HkkaMoykrhy

ok<hps izek.k y{k.kha; gksrs- 1969&70 e/;s HkkaMoy 181-1 dksVh brds >kys laLFkkauh

1950&51 e/;s 22-9 dksVh #i;kapk dtZiqjoBk dsyk- R;kuarj izrho”khZ dtZiqjoB;kr

ok< gksr xsyh- 1969&70 e/;s laLFkkauh 540-1 dksVh #i;kapk dtZiqjoBk dsyk

1950&51 rs 1969&70 ;k dkyko/khr dtZ iqjoB;kr 23 iVhis{kk tkLr ok< >kyh-

laLFkakP;k la[;srhy ok<] lHkkln] HkkaMoy o dtZiqjoB;krhy ok< ;ko#u Li”V gksrs dh]

laLFkkauh ‘ksrdÚ;kauk tkLrhr tkLr enr dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk vkgs-

1960&61 e/;s Hkkjrkrhy 75 VDds [ksM;ki;Zaar izkFkfed lgdkjh ‘ksrh irlaLFkk

dk;Zjr gksR;k- ,dw.k xzkeh.k yksdla[;sP;k 24% yksdla[;kIk;Zar laLFkkaph lsok iksgpyh

gksrh 14-59 dksVh #i;kaP;k Bsoh laLFkkauh tek dsY;k gksR;k-

1962&63 e/;s Hkkjrkr mRrj izns’k e/;s ns’kkr lokZf/kd 49617 laLFkk dk;Zjr

gksR;k- lokZr deh tEew vkf.k dk’ehj e/;s gksR;k] tEew&dk’ehje/;s 1166 laLFkk

dk;Zjr gksR;k- dsanz ‘kklu vlysY;k izns’kkrgh 1920laLFkk dk;Zjr gksR;k-7 ns’kkr iatkc]

egkjk”Vª] e/;izns’k] fcgkj ;k pkj jkT;kr vuqdzes 19389] 19794] 17950] 19950

laLFkk dk;Zjr gksR;k-

1970&71 uarjph izxrh

rDrk dza-2-6 e/;s 1973&74 rs 2001&02 ;k dkyko/khr laLFkkapk >kysyk

fodkl n’kZfoyk vkgs- rDrk dza-2-5 e/;s n’kZfoY;kizek.ks 1969&70 ;k o”khZ ns’kkrhy

,dq.k laLFkkaph la[;k 162700 gksrh- 1973&74 Ik;Zar ;k la[;sr 20200 laLFkkaph Hkj

iMyh o ,dw.k la[;k 191900 >kyh- lHkklnla[;sr ok< >kyh- 1969&70 e/;s

lHkklnla[;k 2-97 dksVh gksrh R;ke/;s ok< gksÅu 1974&74 e/;s gh la[;k 3-5 dksVh

>kyh-

laLFkkaP;k la[;sr 1984 &85 Ik;Zar ok< gksr xsyh- 1973&74 e/;s

191900vlysyh laLFkkaph la[;k 1984&85 e/;s 153800 >kyh- R;kuarj l{ke

ulysY;k laLFkkaps ,df=dj.k dj.;kr vkys- R;keqGs ,dq.k la[;sr ?kV >kyh- 1994&85

e/;s laLFkkaph la[;k 91700 >kyh 1994&95 ;k dkyko/khr laLFkkaP;k la[;sr ?kV

>kY;kps fnlrs- ;k dkyko/khr 800 laLFkk deh >kY;k- R;keqGs ,dw.k la[;k 91100

>kyh- laLFkkaph la[;k izkeq[;kus ,df=dj.kkeqGs deh >kyh- vYi’kk izek.kkr vdk;Z{ke

37

la[;k can iMY;keqGsgh laLFksr ?kV >kyh- jkT; ljdkjkus dk;ns d#u laLFkkauk loyrh

fnY;k gksR;k- loyrhapk Qk;nk ?ks.;klkBh la[;kRed ok< >kyh gksrh- uarj

,df=dj.kkP;k fu.kZ;keqGs la[;sr ?kV >kyh- laLFkkaP;k la[;sr 1973&74 rs

2001&2002 ;k dkyko/khr ?kV >kyh vlyh rjh lHkkln la[;sr ok< >kyh vkgs-

;k ohl o”kkZP;k dky[kaMkr lHkklnla[;sr 3-5 dksVhiklwu 10-28 dksVhIk;Zar ok< >kyh-

gh ok< toGtoG rhu iV gksrh-

laLFkkaP;k HkkxHkkaMoykeqGs R;kaphp vkfFkZd dqor letrs- 1984&85 e/;s 778-

66 dksVh #i;kaps HkkxHkkaMoy laLFkkadMs gksrs- 1994&95 Ik;Zar ngk o”kkZr HkkxHkkaMoykr

ok< gksÅu HkkxHkkaMoy 1997-79 dksVh #i;s >kys- HkkxHkkaMoykr vMhp iV ok<

>kyh- 1994&95 rs 2001&02 ;k dkyko/khrgh Hkkx HkkaMoykr ok< >kyh-

laLFkkauh 1994&95 e/;s 10794-71 dksVh #i;kapk dtZiqjoBk dsyk- R;k

dtkZr vYieqnr dtkZpk okVk 9517-32 dksVh o e/;e eqnr dtkZpk okVk 1277-39

dksVh #i;s gksrk-

rDrk dz-2-6

Hkkjrkrhy izkFkfed ‘ksrh lgdkjh ir laLFkkaph izxrh

¼1973&74 rs 2001&02½

lanHkZ% Indian co-operative Movoement a Profile 2004 P.No.17

vYieqnr dtZiqjoB;kojp Hkj fnyk gksrk- ,dw.k dtZiqjoB;kr 88 % okVk

vYieqnr dtkZpk gksrk- 2001&02 e/;s laLFkkauh 23543-62 dksVh #i;kapk vYieqnr

dtZiqjoBk dsyk 5283-38 dksVh #i;kapk e/;e eqnr dtkZpk iqjoBk dsyk- vYi o

1973&74 1984&85 1994&95 2001&02

laLFkkaph la[;k 191900 153800 91700 91100

lHkkln la[;k

yk[kkr

350 692 906 1028

laLFkkaps Hkkx

HkkaMoy dksVhr

& 778-66 1997-79 2443-33

dtZokVi

dksVhr

v- vYieqnr

c- e/;e eqnr

,dq.k

&

&

9517-32

1277-39

10794-71

23543-62

5283-38

28827-00

38

e/;e feGqu 28827-00 dksVh #i;kaps ,dw.k dtZ fnys xsys- 82% dtZ vYieqnrhps

o 18% dtZ e/;e eqnrhps fnys xsys- 1994&95 P;k rqyusus ,dq.k dtZiqjoB;krhy

e/;e eqnr dtkZpk okVk vYilk ok<yk- laLFkkauh vYieqnr dtZiqjoB;kykp izk/kkU;

fnY;kps Li”V gksrs- 1994&95 rs 2001&02 ;k dkyko/khr ,dw.k dtZiqjoBk vMhp

iVhauh ok<yk-

‘ksrdÚ;kauk izR;{ki.ks dtZiqjoBk dj.;kpsp izkFkfed ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkk dk;Z

djrkr ;k laLFkkauk ftYgk cWadk ekQZr enr dsyh tkrs- jkT; ikrGhoj ;k loZ

irpGoGhps usrRo dj.kkÚ;k jkT; lgdkjh cWadkaph ;k laLFkkauk enr gksrs- jkT;

lgdkjh cWad dk;Z{ke vlsy rj jkT;krhy ,dw.k irpGoGhyk tkLr enr gksrs-

izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkauk enr dsyh tkrs- R;keqGs ;k laLFkkapk fodkl gks.;kl enr >kyh

vkgs-

f’k[kj lgdkjh cWdkaph izxrh

ns’kkr 1950&51 e/;s f’k[kj cWaadkaph la[;k 15 gksrh- ;k cWadkaP;k lHkklnkaph

la[;k 20932 gksrh 1950&51 ;k o”kkZr ;k cWadkauh 42-1 dksVh #i;kapk dtZiqjoBk

dsyk- ;k cWadkaps ,dw.k [ksGrs HkkaMoy 305 dksVh #i;s brds gksrs- 1956 e/;s

Hkkjrkr fofo/k jkT;kaph fufeZrh dj.;kpk dk;nk >kyk o Hkk”kkokj izkarjpuk dj.;kps

fuf’pr >kys R;keqGs uohu jkT;kaph fufeZrh >kyh- ek= ;k dkGkr vktP;k egkjk”Vªkph

fufeZrh >kyh ukgh izFke egkjk”Vª o xqtjkr vls egkSsHkkf”kd jkT; dj.;kps Bjys ;k

jkT;kyk egkjk”Vª o xqtjkr izkarkr fojks/k >kyk R;kuarj 1 es 1960 jksth vktP;k

egkjk”Vªkph fufeZrh >kyh o jkT;klkBh Lora= f’k[kj cWad Eg.kwu egkjk”Vª jkT; lgdkjh

cWad dk;Z d# ykxyh- Hkkjrkrhy ;k cnyysY;k ifjfLFkrheqGs ns’kkrhy jkT;ikrGhoj

f’k[kj cWadk LFkkiu >kY;k- ns’kkr 1950&51 e/;s ,dw.k 15 f’k[kj cWadk gksR;k-

1960&61 e/;s ,dw.k ns’kkr 21 f’k[kj cWadk dk;Z djhr gksR;k- R;kaP;k lHkkln

la[;sr o [ksGR;k HkkaMoykr ok< >kyh- 1960&61 e/;s jkT; lgdkjh cWadkaph

lHkkln la[;k 30000 >kyh- [ksGR;k HkkaMoykr ok< gksoqu [ksGrs HkkaMoy 22165

yk[k #i;s brds >kys- 1970&71 e/;s ;k cWadkaph la[;k 25 >kyh- ;k cWadkaph

lHkkln la[;k ftYgk e/;orhZ lgdkjh cWadk o oS;fDrd lHkkln vlkos vlk cny

dj.;kr vkyk- ;k cnykrwu lHkkln la[;k ?kVyh- ;k cWdkaps 1971&72 e/;s

6]85]21 yk[k #i;s brds [ksGrs HkkaMoy gksrs- 1971&72 e/;s ;k cWadkuh 7]47]59

yk[k #i;kapk dtZiqjoBk dsyk- 1990&91 e/;s ;k cWadkaph ,dw.k la[;k 28 >kyh-

cWadkaph ,dw.k lHkklnla[;k 65481 Ik;Zar ok<yh- ;k cWadkauh 1990&91 e/;s 8463

dksVh #i;kaph dtsZ fnyh- ;k cWaadkph lrr izxrh gksr vlY;kps fnlrs- 2001&02 e/;s

39

;k cWadkaph la[;k 30 >kyh o lHkkln la[;k 13390 yk[k >kyh- ;k cWadkauh ;k o”khZ

39355 dksVh #i;kapk dtZiqjoBk dsyk- ns’kkr lgdkjh irpGoGhph jpuk fru

ikrGhoj dj.;kps fu;kstu >kY;kuarj ns’kkr f’k[kj ikrGhojhy cWadkapk fodkl gksÅ

ykxyk- Hkkjrkr Hkk”kkokj izkarjpuk >kY;kuarj jkT; ikrGhoj loZ ns’kkr ;k cWadk dk;Z

d# ykxY;k- R;kuarj ns’kkr uohu jkT;kaph fufeZrh >kyh o R;k jkT;ke/;s jkT; ikrGhoj

dk;Z dj.kkjh f’k[kj cWad LFkkiu >kyh R;keqGs f’k[kj cWadkaph la[;k cnyr xsyh- ;k

cWadkuh vkiY;k HkkaMoykr o dtZiqjoB;kr lrr ok< dsyh- f’k[kj cWadkaP;k izxrheqGs

,dw.k lgdkjh pGoGhP;k fodklkyk enr >kyh-

2-4 lgdkjh ir iqjoBk pGoGhoj ifj.kke dj.kkjs ?kVd

baxzt jktoVhr lgdkjh pGoG lq# >kyh- HkkaMoykph VapkbZ vl.kkÚ;k]

vf’k{khr o ekxklysY;k ns’kkr lgdkjh pGoG fodklkps egRokps lk/ku Bjyh- baXyM]

teZu ;k ns’kkr fofo/k izdkjP;k lgdkjh laLFkk fuekZ.k >kY;k- ;k ns’kkrhy laLFkkapk

vkn’kZ leksj Bsowu dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k Hkkjrkr fofo/k izdkjP;k laLFkk fuekZ.k >kY;k i.k

lokZf/kd fodkl irpGoGhpk >kyk- lgdkjh pGoGhph lq#okr irpGoGhus >kyh o

ghp pGoG tkLr fodflr >kyh- Hkkjrkr Lokra«;y<k lq# vlrkuk fczfV’kkauh la?kVuk

dj.ks] ,d= ;s.ks ;koj dMd fucaZ/k ?kkrys ijarq lgdkjh irpGoGhP;k ek/;ekrwu ,d=

;s.kkÚ;k dk;ZdR;kaa Zoj o laLFkkoj canh ?kkryh ukgh ;k /kksj.kkrwu lgdkjh laLFkkaps egRo o

laLFkkaph yksdkauk vlysyh xjt baxztkauh vksG[kyh gksrh- gs Li”V gksrs- ‘kaHkj o”kkZr ‘ksrh

iriqjoBk laLFkkaph la[;kRed ok< >kyh R;kizek.ks xq.kkRed ok< >kyh- xzkeh.k Hkkkxkr

tkLrhrtkLr yksdkai;aZr tk.;kpk] Bsoh tek dj.;kpk] HkkxHkkaMoy ok<fo.;kpk] ‘ksrhyk

vYi o e/;e eqnr dtZ iqjoB;kpk] fofo/k izdkjP;k lsok iqjfo.;kpk laLFkkauh iz;Ru

dsyk- ok<rh Fkdckdh] dtZ okijkojhy viqjs fu;a=.k] Hkz”Vkpkj] lgdkjkph rRos

tuek.klkr #tfo.;kr vkysys e;kZfnr ;’k] viqjk o lnks”k dtZiqjoBk] ;k mf.kok

irlaLFkkaP;k fodklkrhy vMFkGk BjY;k- Hkkjrkrhy izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkaP;k fodklkoj

o ,dw.kp lgdkjh pGoGhP;k fodklkoj dkgh ?kVdkapk ifj.kke >kyk- rs ?kVd iq<hy

izek.ks

Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh pGoGhoj ifj.kke dj.kkÚ;k dkgh egRokP;k ?kVdkapk fopkj

dsY;kl ;k pGoGhP;k ;’kki;’kkph dkj.ks y{kkr ;srkr-

40

1- rRdkyhu ifjfLFkrh

lgdkjh pGoGhph lq#okr baXyMe/;s >kyh- vkS|ksfxd dzkarhuarj baXyaMe/;s

dkexkj oxZ mn;kyk vkyk- HkkaMoynkj o dkexkj vls nksu oxZ fuekZ.k gksÅu dkexkj

oxkZleksj vusd leL;k fuekZ.k >kY;k- vkiY;k e;kZfnr mRiUukrwu Lor%P;k xjtk

Hkkxfo.;klkBh ,d= vkys ikfgts] o ,desdkauk lkgk¸; dsys ikfgts vlk fopkj iq<s

vkyk- jkWcVZ vksosu ;kauh izFke dkexkjkalkBh lgdkjh laLFkkapk dsysyk iz;ksx ;’kLoh

>kyk- R;kuarj 1844 e/;s jkWÚMsy ;sFks ijr vk/kqfud lgdkjh pGoGhph lq#okr >kyh-

;kuarj txkrhy vusd ns’kkae/;s lgdkjh pGoGhyk izkjaHk >kyk- Hkkjrkrgh dkgh o”kkaZauh

lgdkjh pGoGhyk izkjaHk >kyk- ek= Hkkjrkrhy ifjfLFkrh osxGh gksrh- R;k dkGkr

Hkkjrkr dkexkj oxkZpk mn; >kysyk uOgrk- baXyaMe/;s r;kj gks.kkjk iDdk eky

Hkkjrh; cktkjisBsr fodzhlkBh ;sr vlY;keqGs Hkkjrkrhy ijaijsus oLrw r;kj dj.kkjs

O;olk; vMp.khr vkys gksrs- xzkeh.k Hkkxkr oLrw mRiknu dj.kkjs dykdqljhps dke

dj.kkjs dkjkxhj csdkj >kys gksrs R;kapk rk.k ‘ksrhoj iMyk o ‘ksrhe/;s vusd leL;k

fuekZ.k >kY;k- lkodkjh dtZ ‘ksrdjh ?ksÅ ykxys- lkodkjkadMwu ‘ksrdÚ;kaph Qlo.kwd

gksÅ ykxyh- ‘ksrhoj vkysY;k vfrjhDr rk.kkeqGs ‘ksrh rksV;kr gksrh] vusd leL;kauh

xzLr >kysY;k ‘ksrdÚ;kapk dtZ cktkjhi.kk ok<rk gksrk] R;krqu ‘ksrdÚ;ake/;s vlarks”k

fuekZ.k >kyk- ‘ksrdjh caM d# ykxys- R;kosGsl Hkkjrkr jkT; dj.kkÚ;k baxztkauk

dkghrjh mik;;kstuk dj.ks vko’;d gksrs Eg.kwu ljdkjus ‘ksrdÚ;kauk vYi’kk enr

dsyh ijarq ;k O;frjhDr izHkkoh mik; ;kstus vko’;d gksrs- baxzt vf/kdkjh o rTKkauh

‘ksrdÚ;kauk lkodkjkaP;k =klkrwu eqDr dj.;klkBh lgdkjh irpGoGhph ladYiuk

ekaMwu R;klkBh ljdkjh ikrGho#u mRrstu ns.;kl lq#okr dsyh R;k dkGkr Hkkjrh;

lekt lsodkauk lq/nk lgdkjh pGoG ;ksX; vlY;kps okVys R;kauh lgdkjh pGoGhyk

izksRlkgu fnys- R;krwu ,dks.khlkO;k ‘krdkP;k mRrjk/kkZr lq# >kysY;k ;k pGoGhyk

folkO;k ‘krdkP;k lq#okrhyk fof’k”V Lo#i izkIr >ky-s Hkkjrkr jktdha; Lokra«;kfo”k;h

tkx#drk ok<w ykxyh- R;k dkGkrhy jktdh; o lkekftd {ks=kr dk;Z dj.kkÚ;k

dk;ZdR;kaZauh ‘ksrdÚ;kapk Qk;nk gksr vlysY;k o baxzt ljdkjpk ikfBack vlysY;k ;k

pGoGhyk ikfBack fnyk- dkgh dk;ZdR;Zkauh pGoGhph mHkkj.kh dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk-

Hkkjrkrhy rRdkyhu ifjfLFkrheqGs lersps rRo vl.kkÚ;k i.k HkkaMoy’kkghayk iw.kZr%

fojks/k u dj.kkÚ;k lgdkjh pGoghpk Hkkjrkr fodkl >kyk-

fczVh’k jktoVhrp lgdkjh pGoGhph lq#okr >kyh gksrh- iq<s 1947 e/;s

Hkkjrkyk Lokra«; feGkys-

41

Hkkjrkus Lokra«;kuarj yksd’kkghpk fLodkj dsyk- yksd’kkgh gh jkT;iz.kkyh o

thouiz.kkyh vlY;keqGs ns’kkrhy jkT;O;oLFksf’kok; brj laLFkk] la?kVuk] yksd’kkgh

rRokapk fLodkj dj.kkÚ;k vl.ks xjtsps gksrs- lgdkjh pGoG yksd’kkgh rRokaoj vk/kkjhr

vlY;keqGs ;k pGoGhyk mRrstu feGkys- Hkkjrkus vkfFkZd vk/kkjkoj feJ vFkZO;oLFkspk

fLodkj dsyk gksrk ;k vFkZiz.kkyhr lektoknh o HkkaMoy’kkgh rRokaps ,d=hdj.k gksrs-

lgdkjh pGoGhrgh ;k nsku ijLijfojks/kh rRoiz.kkyhaps ,d=hdj.k vkgs- nksUgh fopkj

iz.kkyhae/khy dkgh rRos lgdkjkr vkgsr Eg.kwu Hkkjr ljdkjus fLodkjysY;k ;k

vFkZO;oLFksr lgdkjh pGoG mi;qDr gksrh Eg.kwu ljdkjus ;k pGoGhyk izksRlkgu fnys

vkfFkZd enr dsyh vko’;drh enr dsyh- ;k loZ ckchapk ifj.kke gksÅu lgdkjh

irpGoG o brjgh {ks=ke/;s lgdkjkpk fodkl >kyk- Hkkjrkr 1991 uarj mnkfudj.kkyk

izkjaHk >kyk- tkxfrd vFkZO;oLFkka’kh tqGowu ?ks.kkÚ;k ;k [kktxhdj.k] mnkjhdj.k o

tkxfrdhdj.kkP;k vkfFkZd /kksj.kkr lgdkjh pGoGhleksj vusd leL;k fuekZ.k >kY;k

vkgsr- ek= ;k fLFkrhrgh gh pGoG fVdwu vkgs- cnyR;k dkGkr pGoGhr eksB;k

izek.kkoj cny gks.ks vijhgk;Z vkgs-

2- lkodkjhckcrps dk;ns

1937 uarj Hkkjrkr lkodkjkoj fu;a=.k Bso.;klkBh dkgh dk;ns dj.;kr vkys-

R;keqGs lkodkjkaP;k Qlo.kqdhoj ljdkjyk fu;a=.k Bsork vkys- lkodkjkauk O;olk;klkBh

ljdkjh ijokuk ?ks.ks ca/kudkjd >kys- lkodkjkauk ljdkjus dsysY;k fu;ekuqlkj dtZ ns.ks]

dtkZps fg’kksc Bso.ks] O;ktnjkaph fu;ekuqlkj vaeyctko.kh dj.ks bR;kfn fu;aekaps ikyu

ca/kudkjd >kys- ;k fucZ/kkapk ifj.kke lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k fodklkoj >kyk- lkodkjkaojhy

fucZ/kkeqGs lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k ok<hl o fodklkl enr >kyh-

egkjk”Vªkr 1975 e/;s lkodkjh fu;a=.k dk;nk >kyk- R;kuqlkj xzkeh.k Hkkxkrhy yksdkauh

lkodkjh dtZ ?ksrys vlsy o R;kaps ekfld mRiUu 400 #i;kaP;k vkr vlsy rj R;kauh

?ksrysys lkodkjh dtZ iw.kZi.ks jn~n dj.;kr vky]s ;keqGs lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k fodklkyk

enr >kyh-

3- lgdkjh dk;n;kae/;s ,dlw=rk

lgdkj gk fo”k; izkafrd ljdkjdMs ns.;kr vkyk- R;keqGs jkT; ljdkjkauh

jkT;aklkBh Lora= dk;ns dsys ;k dk;n;ake/;s ,dlw++=rk uOgrh R;keqGs lgdkjh laLFkakuk

dsanzh; ikrGho#u enr dj.;kr vusd vMp.kh gksR;k- ljdkjus ds ,u~- jkt ;kaps

v/;{krs[kkyh 1957 e/;s ,d rTK lferh useyh- ns’kkrhy loZ jkT;krhy lgdkjh

dk;n;kr ,dlw=rk vk.k.;klkBh ;k lferhph fu;qDrh dsyh gksrh- lferhus 1959 e/;s

42

vkiyk vgoky dsanz ljdkjyk lknj dsyk- jkT; lferhus vkn’kZ dk;n;kps Lo#i

lqpfoys gksrs- R;kuqlkj jkT; ljdkjkauh jkT;ke/;s ;k lwpukae/;s dkgh cny d#u dk;ns

dsys- ;k dk;n;kaeqGs lgdkjh pGoGhr ns’k ikrGhoj ,dlw=rk vk.k.;kpk iz;Ru >kyk-

R;keqGs jktdh; ikrGho#u lgdkjh laLFkkauk ;ksX; enr dj.ks ‘kD; >kys- R;keqGs

izkFkfed ikrGhoj dke dj.kkÚ;k lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k fodklkyk ;k f’kQkjlhapk mi;ksx

>kyk-

4- ljdkjh Hkkxhnkjh

vf[ky Hkkjrha; iriqjoBk lferhus ljdkjus lgdkjh laLFkkaps Hkkx HkkaMoy [kjsnh

djkos v’kh lwpuk dsyh- ljdkjus HkkxHkkaMoy [kjsnh dsY;kl laLFkakph vkfFkZd {kerk

ok<sy] yksdkapk laLFkkaojhy fo’okl ok<sy gh lferhph Hkwfedk gksrh- frlÚ;k iapokf”kZd

;kstuk dkGkr ljdkjus Hkkx HkkaMoy [kjsnh djkos gs rRo ekU; dj.;kr vkys- ljdkjus

Hkkx&HkkaMoykph [kjsnh dsY;keqGs lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k fodklkyk enr >kyh-

5- ljdkjph geh

lgdkjh laLFkk HkkaMoy mHkkj.khlkBh dtZ jks[;kaph fodzh djrkr dtZ jks[;kaP;k

eqn~nykph ijrQsM djrkuk jDde o okf”Zkd O;ktkph jDde tj lgdkjh laLFkkauh dtZjks[ks

?ks.kkjkauk fnyh ukgh rj rh jDde Lor% ns.;kph geh ljdkjus ?ksryh R;keqGs lgdkjh

laLFkkaP;k HkkaMoy mHkkj.khl enr >kyh R;keqGs laLFkkaP;k ,dw.k ok<hyk]fodklkyk enr

>kyh- v’kh enr izFke jkT; lgdkjh cWadkauk >kyh- R;keqGs jkT; lgdkjh caWadkpk fodkl

>kyk- ;k fodklkpk Qk;nk izkFkfed ‘ksrh lgdkjh laLFkkauk >kyk-

6- lgdkjfo”k;d ijh{k.k

lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k vH;klklkBh fu;qDr dsysY;k lfeR;kauh laLFkke/;s lgdkjh

rRokaps Kku vlysyk] lgdkjh laLFkkaph dk;Zi/nrh o dk;n;kps Kku vlysyk vf/kdkjh

o lsod oxZ ulY;kps Li”V dsys gksrs- ljdkjus iq<kdkj ?ksÅu ;k loZ ckchaps Kku ns.kkjh

izf’k{k.k dsanzs lq# dsyh lgdkjh irpGoGhP;k fodklkyk ;k ekxZn’kZukpk Qk;nk >kyk-

7- djfo”k;d loyr

ljdkjus lgdkjh laLFkkaP;k mRiUukoj izkIrhdj loyrh fnY;k fofo/k izdkjP;k

‘kqYdkae/;s loyrh fnY;k lgdkjh irpGoGhP;k fodklkyk ;k /kksj.kkpk Qk;nk >kyk-

43

8- fofo/k lfeR;kaP;k f'kQkjlh

Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh irpGhckcr vH;kl d#u pGoGhr lq/kkj.kk dj.lkklkBh

dkgh lfeR;kauh f'kQkjlh dsY;k- lj QsMfjd fudksylu lferh ¼1882½ ] ,MoMZ yk

lferh ¼ 1901½ ] eWdysxu lferh ¼1912½] lgdkj fu;kstu lferh ¼1946½] vkf[ky

Hkkjrh; irikg.kh lferh ¼1951½] oSdqaBHkkbZ esgrk lferh ¼1960½] lgdkj fo"k;d

lferh ¼1964½] O;adVi¸;k lferh ¼1966½] v/kZukjhuVs'oju lferh ¼1987½] ukckMZ

rTK lferh ¼2001½] izk- ,- oS|ukFku lferh ¼2004½ ;k lfeR;kauh dsysY;k f'kQkjlh

egŸokP;k gksR;k] R;keqGs lgdkjh pGoGhr lq/kkj.kk d#u ;ksX; fn'kk ns.;kpk iz;Ru

dj.;kr vkyk-

9- rTKkaps ekxZn’kZu

lgdkjh irpGoGhP;k fodklklkBh ns’kkrhy vFkZrTKkauh cWadhaxfo”k;d rTKkauh

lYyk ns.;kps o ekxZn’kZu dj.;kps dk;Z dsys vkgs lgdkjh laLFkkP;k fodklklkBh

ljdkjus rKk O;DrhaP;k lfeR;k useY;k rTKkauh dsysY;k f’kQkj’khpk ir pGoGhP;k

fodlkr egRokpk okVk vkgs- egkRek xka/kh] fudksYlu] ,MoMZyk eWDysxu xksikG d”.k

xks[kys] ,-Mh- xksjokyk /kuat;jko xkMxhG] vkj-th- lSj¸;k] oSdqaBHkkbZ esgrk] Mh-th-dosZ]

,-,e] [kqL=ks oS|ukFku] O;adVi¸;k ;k rTKkapk o fopkjoarkpk eksBk okVk vkgs-

10- lØh; dk;ZdrsZ

lgdkj dsoG vFkZiz.kkyh ulwu ,d thouiz.kkyh vkg-s dsoG oSpkfjd ekaM.kh

dsY;kus lgdkjh pGoG fuekZ.k gksr ukgh- fopkjkaph izR;{kkr vaey ctko.kh dj.kkj]s

laLFkkaph mHkkj.kh dj.kkjs dk;ZdrsZ egRokps vlrkr Hkkjrkr xksikG d”.k xks[kys] egkRek

xka/kh] Mh-th- dosZ] oSdqBHkkbZ esgrk] /kuat;jko xkMxhG] ;kauh gh pGoG izR;{kkr fuekZ.k

dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- egkjk”Vªkr fo[ks ikVhy] jRukIik dqaHkkj] ;’koarjko pOgk.k]

;’koarjko eksfgrs] olarnknk ikVhy] ‘kjn iokj ;k lkekftd jktdha; {ks=kr dk;Z

dj.kkÚ;k usR;kauh pGoG izR;{kkr fuekZ.k dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk R;keqGs xzkeh.k Hkkxkr

irpGoGhpk fodkl >kyk- lgdkjh laLFkk ygku’kk [ksM;krgh fuekZ.k >kY;k-

11- yksd’kkghpk fLodkj

Hkkjrkr lokra«;kuarj yksd’kkghpk fLodkj dj.;kr vkyk- HkkaMoy’kkghrhy dkgh

pkaxys xq.k o lkaE;oknkrhy dkgh pkaxys xq.k ,d= d#u feJ vFkZiz.kkyh fuekZ.k

44

dj.;kpk iz;Ru dsyk- lgdkj HkkaMoy’kkgh o lkE;okn ;kapk lqo.kZe/; vlY;keqGs

Hkkjrkr ;k pGoGhyk izksRlkgu feGkys- yksd‘kkghrhy lerk] ca/kqRo] Lokra«;k gh

egRokph rRos lgdkjkrgh egRokph ekuyh tkrkr R;keqGs yksd’kkgh ‘kklu o

thouiz.kkyhpk lgdkjh pGoGhoj pkaxyk ifj.kke >kyk- lgdkjh pGoGhpk lokZaxh.k

fodkl >kyk lgdkjh pGoGhr irpGoG tkLr fodflr >kyh- xzkeh.k Hkkxkr izR;sd

[ksM;kr ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkkapk fodkl >kyk-

12- e/;orhZ cWadsph egRokph Hkwfedk

Hkkjrkr irfo”k;d /kksj.k fuf’pr d#u ,dw.k iriqjoB;kps fu;eu o fodkl

dj.;kps dk;Z e/;orhZ cWad djrs- LFkkiusiklwup e/;orhZ cWadsus ‘ksrdÚ;kauk dtZiqjoBk

dj.;klkBh ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkkaP;k fodklkpk iz;Ru dsyk- e/;orhZ cWadsekQZr jkT;

lgdkjh cWadkauk dtZiqjoBk dsyk tkrks jkT; ljdkjh cWadkekQZr e/;orhZ cWadkauk dtZ

iqjoBk dsyk tkrks e/;orhZ cWadk izkFkfed ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkkauk iriqjoBk djrkr izR;{k

‘ksrdÚ;kauk iriqjoBk dj.;kps e/;orhZ cWadk dk;Z djrkr ;k dk;kZr izkFkfed iriqjoBk

laLFkk egRokP;k e/;Lr vkgsr- ‘ksrhyk dtZiqjoBk dj.;klkBh 1982 e/;s e/;orhZ cWadsus

ukckMZph LFkkiuk dsyh- ukckMZ vR;Yi O;ktnjkus jkT; lgdkjh cWaadk o ftYgk e/;orhZ

lgdkjh cWadkuk izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkauk dtZ ns.;klkBh dtZiqjoBk djrs- ;k ddtkZrwu

laLFkk ‘ksrdÚ;kauk dtZ nsrkr- laLFkkaP;k ,dw.k dtZO;ogkjkr ftYgk cWadkauh fnysY;k

dtkZpk okVk lokZf/kd vlrks- irpGoGhph fe=] rRoK o ekxZn’kZd eg.kwu e/;orhZ cWad

dk;Z djrs- izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkaP;k fodklklkBh ;k cWadsuss lkrR;kus iz;Ru dsys- ;k

cWadsph Hkwfedk laLFkkaP;k fodklklkBh lkrR;kus mi;qDr Bjyh vkgs-

13- ljdkjps vkfFkZd /kksj.k

Hkkjr [ksM;kapk ns’k vkgs- [ksM;kapk fodkl Eg.ktsp Hkkjrkpk fodkl gks;-

[ksM;kapk fodkl dj.;klkBh dsanzljdkj o jkT; ljdkj /kksj.kkaph vk[k.kh djrkr-

[ksM;kae/;s ‘ksrh gsp fodklkps egRokps lk/ku vkgs- ‘ksrh fodklklkBh izkFkfed ‘ksrh

irlaLFkkapk fodkl vko’;d vkgs- R;keqGs ljdkjus usgehp ;k laLFkkaP;k fodklkyk egRo

fnys + ljdkjus dk;ns d#u laLFkk LFkki.;kl o enr dsyh fofo/k rTK O;DrhaP;k

lfeR;kekQZr lgdkjh irpGoGhpk vH;kl d#u izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkaP;k izxrhlkBh

/kksj.kkaph vk[k.kh dsyh lgdkjh laLFkkP;k HkkxHkkaMoykph [kjsnh dsyh] laLFkkP;k dtkZph

geh ?ksryh] fofo/k loyrh fnY;k- vMp.khr vkysY;k laLFkkauk enr dsyh- R;keqGs

45

Hkkjrkr lgdkjh irpGoG fodflr >kyh- Hkkjrkrhy lgdkjh irpGoG gh lgdkjh

pGoG ulwu ljdkjh pGoG vkgs v’kh fVdk dsyh tkrs ;krwu ljdkjP;k lgdkjh

pGoGhrhy Hkwfedsps egRo Li”V gksrs- lgdkj jkT; ljdkjkaP;k v[kR;kjhryk fo”k;

vlY;kus jkT; ljdkjkauh lgdkjh irpGoGhyk fo’ks”k enr dsyh vkgs-

14- caWadk o laLFkkaph enr

LVsV cWad o frP;k ‘kk[kk] O;kikjh caWadk ;kapk ‘ksrh iriqjoB;kr egRRokpk okVk

vkgs ;k cWadkaekQZrgh izkFfed ‘ksrh iriqjoBk laLFkkauk vkfFkZd enr dsyh tkrs ;k

/kksj.kkeqGs laLFkkaP;k izxrhyk enr >kyh- jk”Vªh; fodkl egkeaMG o brj lgdkjh laLFkkaph

izkFkfed ‘ksrh irlaLFkkauk enr gksr vkgs-

2-5 lkjka’k

fons’kkrhy laLFkkapk vkn’kZ ?ksÅu fczfV’kkaP;k dkGkr lq# >kysY;k laLFkka vkiys

osxGsi.k fuekZ.k d#u 100 o”kkZis{kk tkLr dkG ‘ksrdÚ;kaph lsok djr vkgsr- Hkkjrkph

yksd’kkgh vf/kd etcwr dj.;kaps dk;Z lgdkjh laLFkkauh dsys- Hkkjrha; usrs] fopkjoar]

dk;ZdrsZ]’ksrdjh] ‘kklu] fofo/k laLFkk ;kaP;k iz;Rukrwu laLFkkaps Lo#i o dk;Z cnyr xsys

;k laLFkkauh Hkkjrklkj[;k [kaMizk; ns’kkr izR;sd [ksM;ke/;s dk;Z dj.;kpk] ‘ksrh] ‘ksrdjh

o vFkZ O;oLFkspk fodkl dj.;kpk lkrR;kus iz;Ru dsyk vkgs- lgkdkjh ir laLFkkae/;s

vusd nks”k vlys rjh Hkkjrha; ‘ksrdÚ;kalkBh ;k laLFkkaps vfLrRo vijhgk;Z vkgs-

lanHkZ 1. Mathur B.S. (1986), ‘Co-operation In India’, Sahitya Bhavan Agra, P.No.66.

2. The Gazetteer of India (Economic Stracture and Activities & Social walcare), (Vo.No.III, 1975),

Government of India (Ministry of Education), P.No. 163.

3. Bedi R.D (1977), ‘ Theory, History and practice of Co-operation,’ International Publishing House, Meerat- U.P. P.No. 227.

4. Hajela T.N. (1987), Principles and problems of Co-operation,’ Shivalal Agarwala & Company, P.No. 262.

5. Mathur B.S. (1974), ‘Co-operation In India’, Sahitya Bhavan Agra, P.No.66.

6. The Gazetteer of India (Economic Stracture and Activities & Social walcare) (Vo.No.III, 1975), Government of India (Ministry of Education), P.No. 169.

7. Co-operetive at a glance, (1964), Ministry of community Development and Co-operation, Government of India, P.No. 4, 6.