2

ikMnU dw kyrw - kwrx qy rokQwm

lyKk: AYc.AYs.rqnpwl

gurqyg isMG AnIqw AroVw sMdIp isMG

pMjwb AYgrIklcrl XUnIvristI luiDAwxw - 141 004

3

pihlw AYfISn: sqMbr 2019

ISBN: 978-93-86267-99-3

pRkwSk: AYfISnl fwierYktr (sMcwr) ny pMjwb AYgrIklcrl XUnIvristI, luiDAwxw leI pRkwSq kIqw

eI myl: adcomm@pau.edu

pMjwb dIAW KyqI-BUgoilk hwlwqW inMbU jwqI dy &lW dy auqpwdn leI sB qoN v`D Fu`kvIAW hn[ dUjy &lW dy mukwbly AwpxI au~c AwriQk auqpwdkqw kwrn inMbU jwqI dy &lW dI KyqI ikswnW leI vrdwn is`D hoeI hY[ ieh &l rkbw Aqy auqpwdn donW iv`c nMbr ie`k dy qOr qy auBry hn Aqy pMjwb rwj ivc ‘sunihrI kRWqI’ ilAwey hn[ pr Pu`l pYx qoN &l dy p`kx smyN q`k &ulW Aqy &lW dw BwrI mwqrw iv`c JV jwxw inMbU dy &lW ivc ie`k gMBIr sm`isAw hY[

Awm qOr 'qy, inMbU jwqI dy dr`Kq bsMq ru`qy bhuq izAwdw iKV au~Tdy hn[ bUtw &l auhI r`Kdw hY ijnHyN nMU AKIr p`kx q`k lY ky jw skdw hovy, bwkI swry &l kudrqI qOr qy JV jWdy hn[ ikMnU ivc, audwhrn leI 1 pRqISq qoN vI G`t Pu`l quVweI Xog &l iv`c bdldy hn[ &u~l qoN &l bxn dI Asl pRqISq hr swl bdldI rihMdI hY[ ijsdy nwl vDyry Pul-Pulwky vwly swl dy mukwbly G`t Pu`l-Pulwky vwly swl &l v`D bYTdw hY[ swry &l ie`k vwr nhIN pr v`K-v`K smyN qy if~gdy hn[ v`K-v`K smyN dOrwn vDyry jW G`t kyrw dyiKAw jw skdw hY[ ieh kyrw v`K-v`K inMbU jwqI dy &lW iv`c v`Ko-v`Kry lihrW dI lVI iv`c AwauNdw hY[ mu~K qOr qy swrw swl &lW dy kyry dIAW iqMn v`K-v`K lihrW AwauNdIAW hn ijnHW nUM &u`l pYx qoN bwAd dw kyrw, jUn dw kyrw Aqy quVweI qoN pihlW dw kyrw ikhw jWdw hY [

pihlI lihr (Pul pYx qoN bwAd dw kyrw)

ieh kyrw Pu`l Awaux qoN bwAd CyqI hI SurU ho jWdw hY Aqy bhuq Coty &lW dy if`gx dw kwrx bxdw hY[ ieh kyrw kudrqI qOr qy vDyry &uL lgx krky huMdw hY Aqy auqpwdk nUM ies dI bhuqI icMqw nhIN huMdI[ ies kyry krky bUty au~pr &lW dw vwDU Bwr G~t jWdw hY [

dUjI lihr (grmIAW jW jUn dw kyrw) &l kyry dI ieh lihr, pihlI lihr qoN lgBg ie`k qoN do mhIinAW bwAd

SurU huMdI hY[ jUn iv`c vD rhy Coty &l ru`KW qoN JV jWdy hn (ieh kyrw pMjwb iv`c Aksr meI iv`c vwprdw hY), jo ik ku~l kyry dw lgBg 10 pRqISq ih`sw huMdy hn[ ikMnU ivc, ies pVwA iv`c JV rhy &lW dw Awkwr k`c dy bMty dy Awkwr (lgBg 1 sYNtImItr Gyrw) dw huMdw hY[ mu`K rUp ivc ieh kyrw, vD rhy

2

&u`l pYx qoN bwAd dw kyrw

&u~l iKVx qoN QoVHI dyr bwAd bhuq swry &u~l Aqy Coty &l mwVy prwgx dy kwrn jW pOSitk q~qW dI Gwt kwrn jW vwqwvrx dy qxwA kwrn JV jWdy hn[ ies pVwA qy if`gy Pu~lW Aqy &lW dI fMfI huMdI hY[

3

&lW leI cwhIdI aUrjw (kwrbohweIfryts) leI mukwbly dw nqIjw huMdw hY[hwlWik inMbU jwqI dy PlW iv`c, jUn dI kyr nUM ivSyS qOr 'qy &l ivkws dy dOrwn ie`k kudrqI Gtnw mMinAw jWdw hY[ pr CyqI grmI iv`c au~c qwpmwnW dy nwl-nwl pwxI dI Gwt kwrn &lW dw kyrw vD jWdw hY[

qIjI lihr (quVweI qoN pihlW dw kyrw)

qIsrI lihr, ijs iv`c quVweI qoN pihlW dw kyrw huMdw hY, &lW dy p`kx qoN pihlW SurU huMdI hY[ ieh kyrw Agsq ivc SurU huMdw hY Aqy quVweI q`k jwrI rihMdw hY[ ieh kyrw &l dI fMfI vloN SurU huMdw hY Aqy ifgx vwly &l ibnW fMfI dy ikrdy hn[ ieh kyrw auqpwdkW leI bhuq AwriQk mh`qv r`Kdw hY ikauNik ies kyr nwl v`fy &l JV jWdy hn Aqy JwV qy bhuq mwVw Asr pYNdw hY ijs kwrn bwgbwnW nMU kw&I iv`qI nukswn huMdw hY[ izAwdwqr ieh kyrw ibmwrI Aqy &l dI m`KI dy hmly kwrn huMdw hY[ jdik dsMbr-jnvrI iv`c ieh kyrw G`t qwpmwn Aqy DuMdly mOsm kwrn vI huMdw hY[

inMbU jwqI dy bUitAW iv`c &lW dw kyrw keI AMdrUnI Aqy bwhrI kwrnW qy inrBr krdw hY[ ienHW kwrnW iv~c AsMquilq ivkws dr, ibmwrI, kIVy-mkOiVAW dw hmlw, Aiq dw qwpmwn, pwxI dw AsMquln, vDyry nmI, hVH, Awid Swml hn[

SrIrk BOiqk pRikirAw kwrn &l dw kyrw (Physiological fruit drop) bUty dI srIrk BOiqk pRikirAw kwrn ijhVy &l JVdy hn, aus nUM AYbisSn

vI ikhw jWdw hY[ ieh kyrw vwqwvrx jW bUty dy AMdrUnI kwrnW kwrn huMdw hY [

SrIrk BOiqk pRikirAw &l kyr dy muK kwrn

pwxI dw kmIN au~cw qwpmwn KurwkI q`qW dI Gwt lMby smyN leI korw bUty dI mwVI ishq jdoN auprokq iksy vI kwrn krky bUty qxwA iv`c huMdw hY, qW bUitAW dy

srIr iv`c ieQlIn pYdw huMdI hY[ ieQlIn dw auqpwdn SwKw Aqy &l dy ivckwr dI prq nUM kmzor bxw idMdw hY[ ies dy PlsrUp PlW dw kyrw huMdw hY[ ies leI bUitAW nUM vDIAw ishq ivc sMBwlxw Aqy pOdy nUM qxwApUrn hwlqW ijvyN ik

4

grmIAW jW jUn dw kyrw

Pu`l pYx qoN iek qoN do mhIinAW bwAd, nvyN ivkws kr rhy &l dr~KqW qoN JVdy hn[ ies pVwA qy if`gy &l ibnW fMfI qoN huMdy hn[

5

ikMnU dy pkx qoN pihlW dw kyrw

ikMnU dI quVweI qoN pihlW dw kyrw

6

nmI dI vwD-Gwt, pOSitk q`qW dI kmI kwrn p`qy pIly hoxw, ibmwrIAW Aqy kIVy-mkOiVAW qoN inrMqr bcwauxw bhuq zrUrI hY [

inMbU jwqI dy bUitAW iv`c leI &lW dy vwDy leI Aqy nvyN p`qy bxwaux leI v~fy Aqy sUKm q`qW dy cMgy sMquln dI loV huMdI hY[ ies leI bUitAW nUM qMdrusq r`Kx Aqy ivkws nUM kwiem r`Kx leI iSPwirS kIqI ^wd-^urwk pwauxI cwhIdI hY[ pwxI dI KVoq nUM rokx leI shI inkws pRbMD kIqy jwxy cwhIdy hn[ &sl dOrwn inMbU jwqI dy bUitAW nUM sokw nhIN lgx dyxw cwhIdw ikauNik pwxI dI kmIN AYbisisk AYisf nUM vDwaudI hY Aqy &lW dI kyr nUM qyz krdI hY[ SrIrk BOiqk pRikirAw kwrnW qoN ielwvw, &lW dw kyrw ibmwrI Aqy kIVy-mkOiVAW kwrn vI huMdw hY[

ibmwrI vwlI &l kyr inMbU-jwqI dy bUitAW dI ibmwrI vwlI &l kyr ie`k gMBIr sm`isAw hY[ ies

nwl &lW dI pYdwvwr qy mwVw Asr pYNdw hY[ &l byru`qy ikrn kwrn mMfIkrnXog nhIN rihMdy, ijs vjoN bwgbwnW dw bhuq BwrI-mwlI nukswn huMdw hY[ ies leI ieh zrUrI ho jWdw hY ik au~icq smyN qy srvp`KI nukqy vrq ky &l kyr duAwrw hox vwly nukswn qoN bicAw jwvy[ &l kyr dIAW inSwnIAW, kwrn Aqy srvp`KI rokQwm dy FMg d`sy gey hn, qW jo bwgbwn shI smyN qy ies dI rokQwm kr skx Aqy inMbU-jwqI dy bUitAW qoN v`D qoN vD JwV qy munw&w lY skx[ ieh &l kyr au~lI dy hmly kwrn huMdI hY[ ieh Agsq dy mhIny SurU ho ky quVweI q`k jwrI rihMdI hY[ pr sB qoN izAwdw kyr sqMbr qoN lY ky AKIr AkqUbr q`k pYNdI hY[

inSwnIAW SurU iv`c ieh ibmwrI p`iqAW Aqy tihxIAW qy hmlw krdI hY[ p`iqAW au~qy BUry rMg dy D`by nzr AwaudyN hn, ijhVy ik iv`ckwroN AsmwnI

ho jWdy hn[ iehnW DibAW dI AsmwnI QW au~qy kwly rMg dy itmkxy ckrW iv`c nzr AwaudyN hn[

twhxIAW au~proN hyTW nUM su`kx l`g jWdIAW hn[ iehnW su`kIAW hoeIAW twhxIAW au~qy au~lI dy kwly itmkxyy ijhy pYdw ho jWdy hn[

ibmwrI vwlI &l kyr dy hmly nwl &l dI fMfI dy Awly-duAwly golwkwr BUry rMg dy D`by bx jWdy hn[

7

ibmwrI vwlI &l kyr dI mu`K inSwnI-&l dI fMfI dy Awly-duAwly golwkwr Bury rMg dy Dby bxnw

8

ieh D`by vD ky is`ky vwly rupey dI Skl vWg l`gx l`g pNYdy hn[ ieh glHxw &l dI fMfI vwly pwsy qoN SurU ho ky &l dI DuMnI q`k phuMc jWdw

hY[ ijs nwl swry dw swrw &l au~lI nwl F`ikAw jWdw hY[ fMfI dy &l nwl l`gdy ih`sy qy sukI prq bx jWdI hY Aqy &l suMgV ky if`g

pYNdy hn[ jykr ibmwrI dw hmlw lyt hovy qW &l suMgV ky kwly rMg dy ho jWdy hn Aqy

bUty dy nwl hI ltkdy rihMdy hn[ rogI &lW dIAW fMfIAW slytI rMg dIAW ho jWdIAw hn, aunHW au~qy au~lI dy

kwly rMg dy itmkxy ijhy idKweI dyx l`g pYNdy hn Aqy twhxIAW vI suk jWdIAW hn[

ibmwrI dy vwDy leI AnukUl hwlqW

bUitAW au~qy rogI twhxIAW dw hoxW ibmwrI vwlI &l kyr leI bhuq hI AnukUl huMdw hY[

rogI twhxIAW, piqAW Aqy &lW dIAW fMfIAW qy l`gy au~lI dy kwly itmkxy ibmwrI dy &YlwA Aqy Agly swl ibmwrI dI lwg lwaux iv`c shweI huMdy hn[

Asl iv`c jykr bhwr smyN bwrS ho jwvy, qW ieh ibmwrI &rvrI-mwrc iv`c hI rogI twhxIAW qoN SurU ho jWdI hY, pr ApRYl-jUn dy mhIny grmI dOrwn ies dw vwDw ru`k jWdw hY Aqy vrKw r`uq iv`c ieh rog A`gy &Ylxw SurU ho jWdw hY[

vwqwvrx iv`c bhuqI is`lH, izAwdw qwpmwn Aqy mOnsUn dI vrKw ikMnU dI ies kyr dy vwDy leI bhuq AnukUl huMdy hn[ AijhIAW hwlqW kwrn ieh &l kyr sqMbr-AkqUbr dy mhIinAW dOrwn bhuq v`D jWdI hY[

srvp`KI rokQwm

hyT ilKy srvp`KI nukqy vrq ky ikMnU dI &l kyr nMU GtwieAw jw skdw hY: bwg iv`c sw&-s&weI r`Ko[ &l kyr dw vwDw su`kIAW Aqy rogI twhxIAW qoN SurU huMdw hY[ ies leI &l

qoVx qoN bwAd jnvrI-&rvrI iv`c swrI sok k`t ky swV idau Aqy borfo imSrx (2:2:250) jW kOpr AOksIklorweIf (3 gRwm pRqI iltr pwxI) dw iCVkwA kro[ ies qoN bwAd borfo imSrx (2:2:250) jW kOpr

9

ikMnU dIAW twhxIAW dw sukxw

10

rogI twhxIAW qy pl rhy au~lI dy kwly rMg dy itmkxy

bUty au~qy ltkdy rogI &l

11

ikMnU dy fMfI vwly pwsy qy au~lI dy hmly dIAW inSwnIAW

vlYnSIAw dy fMfI vwly pwsy qy au~lI dy hmly dIAW inSwnIAW

musMmI dy fMfI vwly pwsy qy au~lI dy hmly dIAW inSwnIAW

12

AOksIklorweIf (3 gRwm pRqI iltr pwxI) dy iqMn hor iCVkwA mwrc, julweI Aqy sqMbr iv`c zrUr kro, qW ik twhxIAW dw sokw GtwieAw jw sky[

swrI sok nUM iekTw kr ky swV idau[ ies g`l dw Kws iDAwn r`Ko ik k`tI hoeI sok nUM kdy vI bUitAW dy hyTW jW

bwg dy nyVyy nw r`Ko, ikauNik ies qoN ibmwrI vrKw dOrwn swry bUitAW qy &Yl skdI hY[

hyTW if`gy rogI &lW nMU Aqy bUty au~`qy ltkidAW &lW nMU qoV ky Aqy zmIn iv`c toey put ky d`bxw jW swVxw lwhyvMd huMdw hY[

rogI &lW dy Fyr nMU bwg iv`c nw r`Ko ikauNik ienHW rwhIN ibmwrI dy &YlwA iv`c vwDw huMdw hY[

bUty dI ishq brkrwr r`Kx leI is&wrS kIqIAW hoeIAW KwdW Aqy lGU q`qW dI vrqoN smyN isr kro[

bwg iv`c kdy vI pwxI KVHw nw rihx idau Aqy pwxI dy inkws dw pUrw pRbMD r`Ko[

kIiVAW krky &l dw kyrw &l dIAW m`KIAW (&rUt &lweIz) Aqy &l cUsxy pqMgy inMbU jwqI dy &lW dy

kyry dy m`uK kwrnW iv`coN iek hn[

&l dIAW m`KIAW (&rUt &lweIz) pMjwb iv`c inMbU jwqI dy &lW qy &l dI m`KI (&rUt &lweI) dIAW do jwqIAW,

bYktrosYrw fwrsYils Aqy bYktrosYrw zonwtw dw hmlw dyiKAw igAw hY[ mwdw jvwn m`KI Awpxy AMfy dyx vwlI sUeI vrgy iq`Ky Bwg (EvIpozItr-

Ovipositor) nwl rMg bdl rhy &lW iv`c Cyd krky au~prlI qih dy Q`ly AWfy idMdIAW hn[ nr m`KIAW koeI nukswn nhIN krdIAW[ Cyd kIqy &lW iv~c EvIpozItr krky fUMGW bx jWdIAW hn qy iehnW dw rMg gUVw hrw idsdw hY [ hOlI-hOlI &LW qy hoey CydW dy duAwly dw Krwb ih`sw PYlx lg jWdw hY Aqy pIlw ho jWdw hY[ ic`ty pIly rMg vwlIAW suMfIAW AMifAW iv~coN inkl ky &l dy gu`dy iv~c vV jWdIAW hn qy aus nUM AMdroN Kwxw SurU kr idMdIAW hn[ jykr hmly vwly &lW nUM k`t dy dyiKAw jwvy qW auhnW iv`c bhuq swrIAW ibnW l`qW qoN suMfIAW nzr AwauNdIAW hn[ hmly vwly &lW qy m~KI dy fMgx krky morIAW ho

13

a

e s

A

&l dIAW m`KIAW: a. ikMnU dy &l qy &l dIAW m`KIAW AWfy idMdIAW hoeIAW, A. mwdw m`KI, e. ikMnU dy &l dy AMdr AWfy dyx leI m`KI dw viDAw hoieAw auvIpozItr, s. &l dy AMdr m`KI AWfy idMdI hoeI

14

a A e

s h

&l dIAW m`KIAW: a. inMbU dy &l AMdr &l dI m`KI dy AWfy, A. ikMnU dy &l dy AMdr &l dI m`KI dy AWfy, e. m`KI dIAW suMfIAW ikMnU dy &l dy gu`dy nUM KWdIAW hoeIAW, s Aqy h. ikMnU dy &l qy m`KI dy hmly dy l`Cx

15

&l dI m`KI dw hmlw

ckoqry dy &lW qy mKI dw hmlw

fblXU mrkt iksm dy &lW qy m`KI dw hmlw

16

jWdIAW hn ijs krky &lW qy jIvwxUAW Aqy au~lIAW dw hmlw ho jWdw hY[ Aijhy &l gl jWdy hn qy hOlI-hOlI DrqI qy if`g pYNdy hn Aqy Kwx Xog nhIN rihMdy[ brswqW dy mOsm iv~c ies dw hmlw bhuq gMBIr huMdw hY[ nukswny &l nUM dbwaux nwl aus iv`coN rs dIAW keI ipckwrIAW bwhr inkldIAW hn[ ikMnU dy &lW qoN ielwvw ienHW m`KIAW dw hmlw hmlw gryp&rUt, mosMmI Aqy inMbU qy vI dyiKAw igAw hY[ inMbU jwqI dy PlW qoN ielwvw ienHW m`KIAW dw hmlw AmrUd, AwVU, nwSpwqI, AMb, AlUcw, lukwT, AMgUr, cIkU Aqy hor &lW qy vI dyiKAw igAw hY[ nIm-phwVI Aqy kMFI dy bwgW iv`c hmlw kyNdrI izilAW Aqy KuSk syNjU izilAW dy mukwbly vDyry huMdw hY[ jykr ikMnU dy bwgW dy nyVy AmrUd, nwSpwqI, AwVU, AlUcy Aqy AMb dy bwg hox qW au~Qy &l dI m`KI dw gMBIr hmlw huMdw hY[ inMbU jwqI dy bwgW iv`c hmly dw m`uK smW Awm qOr qy Agsq qoN AkqUbr q`k huMdw hY[

&l dIAW mKIAW dI rokQwm

ienHW m`KIAW dI rokQwm AOKI hY ikauNik ieh bhuq swry &ldwr bUitAW qy hmlw krdIAW hn, iek swl iv`c iehnW dIAW keI pIVHIAW pYdw ho jWdIAW hn, bwlg m`KIAW lMbI aufwrI mwrn dI smr`Qw r`KdIAW hn Aqy m`KIAW iqMn mhIny qoN vDyry aumr Bog lYNdIAW hn[ ies qoN ielwvw iek mwdw m`KI Awpxy jIvn-kwl iv`c 1000 qoN vDyry AWfy dy idMdIAW hn[ ies dy AWfy Aqy suMfIAW &l dy iv`c huMdIAW hn, suMfIAW &l ivc pUrI qrHW ivksq hox qoN bwAd im`tI iv`c clIAW jWdIAW hn ij`Qy jw ky ieh ipaUpw bx jWdIAW hn Aqy mKIAW bx ky inkldIAW hn[

bwgW dI sw&-s&weI &l dIAW m`KIAW dI suc`jI rokQwm leI bwgW dI sw&-s&weI Aqy nukswny

&lW nUM fMUGy dbw ky nSt krnw jW jlw dyxw bhuq hI lwhyvMd rihMdw hY[ hmly hyT Awey swry &l nSt kr dyxy cwhIdy hn[ suMfI vwly &l jo ik bUty hyTW zmIn qy ifgy huMdy hn, m`KI dI igxqI vDwaux ivc bhuq shweI is`D huMdy hn[ ies leI ienHW suMfIAW vwly &lW nUM nSt krnw bhuq zrUrI hY[ Aijhw krn nwl sIzn dy AKIr ivc mKI dI igxqI kw&I G`t jWdI hY[ ies m`KI dI sucjI rokQwm krn leI zmIn qy if`gy &lW nUM nSt krnw bhuq mh`qvpUrn hY[ nukswny hoey &l 60 sYNtImItr fUMGw toieAw pu`t ky dbw dyxy cwhIdy hn[ toey

17

nUM au~proN im`tI nwl cMgI qrHW bMd kr dyxw cwhIdw hY Aqy bhuqy smyN leI toey AxF`ky nhIN rihx dyxy cwhIdy[ Aijhw krn nwl m`KI dIAW v`K-v`K AvsQwvW im`tI iv`coN bwhr nhIN inkl skdIAW[ bwgW ivc ies qrHW krnw bhuq zrUrI hY nhIN qW ikry hoey &LW dI vwSnw nwl &l dIAW m`KIAW dUr qoN vI ikry &lW v`l iK`cIAW clIAW AwauNdIAW hn ijs nwl hmlw hor gMBIr hox dI sMBwvnw rihMdI hY[

bwgbwn vIrW nUM swvDwnI r`KxI cwhIdI hY ik &lW dI quVweI qoN mgroN bcy hoey bhuq Coty Awkwr dy &LW nUM vI qoV ky nSt kr dyxw[ ies qrHW krn nwl m`KIAW dI jnsMiKAw by-mOsmy &lW qy nhIN pldI[

pI.ey.XU. &rUt &lweI trYp

&l dIAW m`KIAW dI vwqwvrx-shweI rokQwm leI Agsq dy dUjy h&qy pI.ey.XU. PrUt PlweI trYp (16 trYp pRqI eykV dy ihswb nwl) lgwau[ loV pYx qy 30 idnW bwd dubwrw trYp lgwau[

&l cUsxy pqMgy pMjwb ivc XUfosImw mytrnw, XUfosImw &ulonIAw Aqy AkYNQofYltw jwnwtw nW dy

&l cUsxy pqMgy inMbU jwqI dy &lW dw nukswn krdy hn[ ienHW pqMigAW qoN ielwvw kYlIptrw imnUtIkorins Aqy AOrysIAw eImrjInwtw nW dy nvyN pqMigAW dw hmlw sqMbr-AkqUbr 2017 dOrwn izlw huiSAwrpur dy ipMf gVHdIvwlw ivc drj kIqw igAw hY[ ienHW pqMigAW dw hmlw julweI qoN AkqUbr q`k huiSAwrpur dy nIm-phwVI ielwikAW qy pTwnkot iv~c dyKx nUM imldw hY[ ies dIAW suMfIAW bwgW dy duAwly hor jMglI ndIn Aqy vylW Kws krky itMnosporw kwrfIPolIAw (gloA) au~pr pldIAW hn[

Awm qOr qy iqqlIAW Aqy pqMgy &slW/bwgW dw bwlg AvsQw iv`c koeI nukswn nhIN krdy pr &l cUsxw pqMgw bwlg AvsQw iv`c hI nukswn krdw hY[ pqMgy dIAW suMfIAW ikMnU nUM koeI nukswn nhIN phuMcwauNdIAW Aqy ndInW Aqy vylW nUM KWdIAW hn[pqMgy sUrj Cupx qoN bwAd JwVHIAW jW jMglW iv~coN au~f ky Aw ky p`k rhy &lW dw nukswn krdy hn Aqy vwps jMglW iv`c cly jWdy hn[ pqMigAW dw mUMh pUrI qrW pRPulq huMdw hY qy aus dy AKIr iv~c iq`KI cuMJ vrgI nok huMdI hY, ijs nwl pqMgw mUMh nUM p`k rhy &lW iv~c KoB lYNdw hY Aqy &l iv`c morI kr idMdw hY[ &lW dy rs cUsx vwlI jgHw qoN ie`k gol morI nzr

18

pI.ey.XU. &rUt &lweI trYp

19

&l cUsxy pqMgy: a. XUfosImw mytrnw dw bwlg ikMnU dy &l coN rs pINdw hoieAw, A. AkYN-QofYltw jwnwtw dw bwlg ikMnU dy &l coN rs pINdw hoieAw, e. XUfosImw &ulonIAw dw bwlg, s. kYlIptrw imnUtIkorins dw bwlg h. AOrysIAw eImrjInwtw dw bwlg

a A

e s

&l cUsxy pqMgy

h

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&l cUsxy pqMgy dy hmly dy l`Cx: a. pqMgy dy hmly kwrn ikMnU dy &l iv`c hoeIAW morIAW, A. ikMnU dy &l qy pqMgy dw gMBIr hmlw, e Aqy s. ikMnU dy &l qy pqMgy dy hmly dy Kws l`Cx, h. pqMgy dy hmly kwrn ikMnU dy ikry hoey &l.

h

s e

A a

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AwauNdI hY[ ikMnU dy iek &l qy v`D qoN v`D 16 morIAW drj kIqIAW geIAW hn[ Aijhy &lW nUM h`QW nwl dbwaux qy rs bwhr nUM inklx l`gdw hY[ hmly vwly &lW qy jIvwxU qy au~lIAW AswnI nwl hmlw krdy hn Aqy hmly vwly &l p`kx qoN pihlW hI DrqI qy ikr jWdy hn[ Aijhw ies krky huMdw hY Swied iehnW &lW iv~c rs cUsx smyN pqMgw zihrIlw mwdw C`fdw hY[ jykr bwgbwn vIr bwgW dw inrMqr gyVw nw r`Kx qW ies kIVy dy hmly dw cMgI qrW pqw hI nhIN c`ldw[ rokQwm:

ies pqMgy dI rokQwm bhuq AOKI huMdI hY ikauNik: pqMgy sUrj Cupx smyN hmlw krdy hn[ ies dIAW suMfIAW bwgW dy duAwly hor jMglI ndInW, irMf Aqy vylW Kws

krky itMnosporw kwrfIPolIAw (gloA) au~pr pldIAW hn[ bwgW dy duAwly ies kIVy dy hor jMglI ndIn Aqy vylW Kws krky itMnosporw

kwrfIPolIAw (gloA) dw nwS kro[ DqrI qy ikry &lW nUM nSt krnw jrUrI hY, ikauNik ikry &l pqMigAW nMU

bwg iv~c Awaux dw s`dw idMdy hn[ Coty p`Dr qy &lW nUM au~proN k`pVy nwl F`kx nwl ies kIVy dy hmly qoN

bcwA ho skdw hY, pRMqU ieh kMm AOKw qy mihMgw hY[ sUrj iCpx smyN bwgW iv`c DUMAW krn nwl ieh kIVw G`t nukswn krdw hY

[

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if~gy hoey &lW nMU kdy vI Ku~lHy iv~c nw su~to[ ieh &l ibmwrIAW dy sroq Aqy &l-m~KIAW leI pRjxn sQwn vjoN kMm krdy hn[