Imam Malik مالك بن أنس نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة Lives of The Great Four Imams

Imam MalikImam Malikأنس بن أنس مالك بن مالك

األربعة األئمة حياة عن األربعة نبذة األئمة حياة عن نبذة

Lives of The Great Four Lives of The Great Four ImamsImams

Imam Malik (93-179 H)Imam Malik (93-179 H)

Born in MedinaBorn in Medina

His familyHis family

His parents roleHis parents role

His teachersHis teachers

His life in MedinaHis life in Medina Relationship with the rulersRelationship with the rulers His life style: His home, His life style: His home,

appearance, etc.appearance, etc. His teachingHis teaching Political lifePolitical life His advice to the rulersHis advice to the rulers


Imam Malik (93-179 H)Imam Malik (93-179 H) His attributes and talentsHis attributes and talents

Strong memoryStrong memory

Endurance and perseveranceEndurance and perseverance

Sincerity Sincerity

PresencePresence

Imam Malik: Sources of Imam Malik: Sources of KnowledgeKnowledge

His teachers:His teachers: Ibn Hirmez Ibn Hirmez هرمز هرمز ابن ابن Nafe’ Nafe’ عمر ابن مولى عمر نافع ابن مولى نافع Al-Zuhri Al-Zuhri الزهري شهاب الزهري ابن شهاب ابن

Abu Az-Zinad Abu Az-Zinad الزناد الزناد أبو أبو Yahya bin Sa’d Yahya bin Sa’d سعد بن سعد يحيى بن يحيى Rabi’a Rabi’a الرأي الرأي ربيعة ربيعة

His connection with scholars His connection with scholars

His Time:His Time:Political LifePolitical LifeSocial LifeSocial LifeReligious LifeReligious Life

Opinion vs. TextOpinion vs. TextGroups and SectsGroups and Sects


His Opinions:His Opinions:

Opinions in CreedOpinions in Creed

Opinions in PoliticsOpinions in Politics


Al-Muwatta’ Al-Muwatta’ الموطأالموطأ

The first known book in Islamic The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today.Knowledge that survived till today.

Based on a request from Al-MansoorBased on a request from Al-Mansoor Purpose is to collect Madani Purpose is to collect Madani

JurisprudenceJurisprudence Not intended as a Hadith Collection Not intended as a Hadith Collection

only.only.

Jurisprudence of Imam Jurisprudence of Imam MalikMalik

Al-Muwatta’ Al-Muwatta’ الموطأالموطأ

The first known book in Islamic The first known book in Islamic Knowledge that survived till today.Knowledge that survived till today.

Based on a request from Al-MansoorBased on a request from Al-Mansoor Purpose is to collect Madani Purpose is to collect Madani

JurisprudenceJurisprudence Not intended as a Hadith Collection Not intended as a Hadith Collection

only.only.


MalikMalikمالكمالك

AhmadAhmadأحمدأحمد

Shafe’iShafe’iالشافعيالشافعي

Abu HanifahAbu Hanifahحنيفة حنيفة أبو أبو

QuranQuran القرآن القرآن

SunnahSunnahالسنةالسنة

SahabaSahabaالصحابي الصحابي قول قول



AgreementAgreementاإلجماعاإلجماع




ComparisonComparisonالقياسالقياس



Practice inPractice in MedinaMedina

المدينة أهل المدينة عمل أهل عمل


PreferencePreferenceاإلستحساناإلستحسان

CommonCommon PracticePractice

العرفالعرف



PreservingPreserving Status QuoStatus Quo

االستصحاباالستصحاب

General BenefitGeneral Benefitالمرسلة المرسلة المصالح المصالح

Sources of Maliki SchoolSources of Maliki School المالكي المذهب في الفقهية المالكي األدلة المذهب في الفقهية األدلة







QuranQuranالقرآن القرآن

















Sources of JurisprudenceSources of Jurisprudence The First and The First and

Essential source.Essential source.QuranQuranالقرآنالقرآن













Sources of JurisprudenceSources of Jurisprudence

The Sunnah:The Sunnah:

Hadith: Words the Prophet PBUH Hadith: Words the Prophet PBUH said.said.

Actions of the Prophet PBUH.Actions of the Prophet PBUH.

Action the Prophet PBUH approved or Action the Prophet PBUH approved or disapproved.disapproved.

Actions the Prophet PBUH saw or Actions the Prophet PBUH saw or knew about and did not comment on.knew about and did not comment on.


Sources of Jurisprudence: SunnahSources of Jurisprudence: Sunnah

Authentication of SunnahAuthentication of Sunnah

المتن

السند

راويNarrator

الله (رسول ص)

The Prophet PBUH

صحابيCompanion

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

TextText

ChainChainOfOf

NarrationNarration

Authentication of SunnahAuthentication of SunnahRepeatedly Connected Repeatedly Connected المتواترالمتواتر


The Prophet PBUH

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

Authentication of SunnahAuthentication of SunnahFamous Famous المشهورالمشهورالله (رسول ص)

The Prophet PBUH

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

Authentication of SunnahAuthentication of SunnahSolitary Narration Solitary Narration

اآلحاداآلحاد


The Prophet PBUH

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

Authentication of SunnahAuthentication of SunnahLoose-end Chain Loose-end Chain

المرسلالمرسلالله (رسول ص)

The Prophet PBUH

راويNarrator

صحابيCompanion

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

تابعيFollower

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator

راويNarrator


























Definition:Definition:

) عصر ) في ص محمد أمة من المجتهدين ( اتفاق عصر ) في ص محمد أمة من المجتهدين اتفاقشرعي حكم شرعي على حكم على

Agreement of the Scholars in a certain Agreement of the Scholars in a certain time on a ruling..time on a ruling..


If anyone contends with the Messenger even after guidance has been plainly conveyed to him, and follows a path other than that becoming to men of Faith, We shall leave him in the path he has chosen, and land him in Hell, what an evil refuge! 4:115

























Definition:Definition:

حكمه علة في لألصل الفرع حكمه مساواة علة في لألصل الفرع مساواة. والحكم: والعلة، واألصل، الفرع، .أركانه والحكم: والعلة، واألصل، الفرع، أركانه

Extrapolating a Extrapolating a rulingruling on a on a new new issueissue (branch(branch) after a comparison ) after a comparison with an with an original ruling (originoriginal ruling (origin), ), because of because of mutual linkmutual link in the reason in the reason behind the original ruling.behind the original ruling.















Sources of JurisprudenceSources of Jurisprudence Definition:Definition:

. الترك هذا اقتضى لدليل القياسالظاهر ترك . هو الترك هذا اقتضى لدليل القياسالظاهر ترك هو( مسعود بن الله عبد مسعود )عن بن الله عبد فهو عن حسنا المسلمون رآه فهو ما حسنا المسلمون رآه ما

) حسن الله (عند حسن الله عند Preference: to leave the ruling of Preference: to leave the ruling of

Comparison for a better reason.Comparison for a better reason. Used by Imam Malik. Mostly in the context Used by Imam Malik. Mostly in the context

of General Benefit.of General Benefit. Example: Cleanliness of water used by Example: Cleanliness of water used by

meat-eating birds, compared with animals. meat-eating birds, compared with animals. الطير سباع الطير سؤر سباع سؤر
















Rulings based on Rulings based on assuring General assuring General Benefit to people Benefit to people and avoiding and avoiding unnecessary unnecessary hardships.hardships.

Example: Collection Example: Collection of the Quran by of the Quran by Abu Bakr (ra).Abu Bakr (ra).



General Benefits:General Benefits: Methodology:Methodology:

GreaterGreater benefit benefit before before smallersmaller ones. ones.

GeneralGeneral benefit benefit before before privateprivate ones. ones.

Permanent Permanent benefit benefit beforebefore temporary temporary ones.ones.

CertainCertain benefit benefit before before controversial controversial or doubtfulor doubtful ones. ones.

:المصالح:المصالح على الكبرى المنفعة على تقديم الكبرى المنفعة تقديم

الصغرىالصغرى

على العامة المنفعة على تقديم العامة المنفعة تقديمالخاصةالخاصة

على الدائمة المنفعة على تقديم الدائمة المنفعة تقديمالمؤقتةالمؤقتة

على المؤكدة المنفعة على تقديم المؤكدة المنفعة تقديمفيها فيها المشكوك المشكوك

Characteristics of Maliki Sources:Characteristics of Maliki Sources:

FlexibilityFlexibility

Aiming at achieving General BenefitAiming at achieving General Benefit

Based on solid references in SunnahBased on solid references in Sunnah

Complement each otherComplement each other


Stedents of Imam MalikStedents of Imam Malik Abdullah bin Wahab Abdullah bin Wahab وهب بن الله وهب عبد بن الله عبد Abdur-Rahaman bin Al-Qasim Abdur-Rahaman bin Al-Qasim الرحمن الرحمن عبد عبد

القاسم القاسم بن بن Ashhab bin Abdul-Aziz Ashhab bin Abdul-Aziz العزيز عبد بن العزيز أشهب عبد بن أشهب Asad bin Al-Furat Asad bin Al-Furat الفرات بن الفرات أسد بن أسد Sahnoon Sahnoon سحنونسحنون

Spread of the Maliki SchoolSpread of the Maliki School


Documents

Imam Malik مالك بن أنس نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة نبذة عن حياة الأئمة الأربعة Lives of The Great Four Imams