Internationalization in Indonesia Higher Education Challenges and Opportunities case of Institut Teknology Bandung

Edwan Kardena

Director of Partnership and International Relations INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG

2016 The Executive Conference on International and Cross-strait Affairs

Kaohsiung, 14 June 2016

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Global & National Challenges for HEI in Indonesia

AEC

2

Regional Challenges for HEI in Indonesia

3

Higher Education in Indonesia

4 Around 30%) (Around 30%)

5 types of Higher Education Institutions: University, Institute, Polytechnics, College (Sekolah Tinggi), Academy.

Academic, Vocational, and Professional tracks

Diploma (1-4), Professional, Masters, Doctorate, & Islamic specialist

Gross Enrollment Rate in HE

2014: around 29 %

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Collaboration in HE

AIMS: ASEAN Mobility Internasional for

Students

• Academic Collaboration: Joint Degree, Double Degree, Credit Transfer/Earning, Twinning

• Joint Research & Publication

• Students Exchanges & Faculty Exchanges

• Crossborder education: Mobility without Movement (Online courses)

• No physical presence of foreign

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Toward the future

Quality Innovation Competitiveness

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8

Research

Education

Community

Services

Innovation

Skilled Worke

rs

Industrial Community with Competitiveness

HEI

Strategic Plan: Higher Education in Indonesia 2015-2019

NAWA CITA – HE sector 9

Internationalization of Higher Education

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Globalization vs Internationalization (of Higher Educations)

• Internationalization, after all, had gained a typical meaning in this field (Beerkens, 2004)

• Knight and De Wit (1995, in Beerkens, 2004)

– “Internationalization of higher education is the process of integrating and international dimension into the teaching, research and service functions of a higher education institution”.

• Peter Scott (1998, in Beerkens, 2004)

– “Globalization can not be regarded simply as a higher form of internationalization. Instead of their relationship being seen as linear or cumulative, it may actually be dialectical. In a sense the new globalization may be the rival of old internationalization”

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• Simon Marginson (2000): – “The term globalization does not refer to the growing

importance of international relations, relations between nations, per se. The term internationalization describe the growth of relations between nations and between national cultures. Rather, the term of globalization is reserved here for the growing role of world system”

• Currie et al, 2003: – “…globalization represents neo-liberal, market-oriented

forces enabling a borderless world, and internationalization represent arrangement between nation-states primarily cultivating greater tolerance and

exchange of idea”

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Have universities always been international in nature? Or Not?

• One side (Yes)

– Scholar in medieval time wandering from one place to another seeking to extend his academic knowledge…..internationalization has been started at the very beginning of the development of university

• Other side

– Higher education institutions are very much national institution as they are governed by national law, rely primarily on national source of funding

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• Although the contemporary university was born from the nation state…not from medieval civilization, however International outlook of the university stays, and with the fading of national borders in other sectors, Internationalization of Higher Education even growing and growing….

• European Union--------.Bologna process..in Europe…ECTS

• ASEAN Community 2015….ACTS

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• Internationalization now days:

– Significant increase in the mobility of students, scholars and research

– The broadening range of activities associated with internationalization

• Global Credit Transfer

• Joint Programs

• Joint management, branch campus, transnational virtual university

• Global Ranking

– Shifting from internationalization as a marginal concern toward more central institution issue

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General condition of university in the developing country (Indonesia)

Good academic behavior (atmosphere) is an important aspect in the university. It makes the university member become creative and innovative in creating a new science as well as a new development of an industrial product.

Nevertheless, it should be understood that most of university in Indonesia are not really running as a university as they only perform the teaching. Of course, in some major university, research is also performed in line with teaching.

Access to higher education is still need to be improved. At the moment around 7 million students are enrolled within more than 4000 higher educations institution in Indonesia.

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International Challenges

• "Nearly one-third of the world's population (29.3%) is under 15. Today there are 158 million people enrolled in tertiary education1. Projections suggest that participation will peak at 263 million2 in 2025. Accommodating the additional 105 million students would require more than four major universities (30,000 students) to open every week for the next fifteen years.

1ISCED levels 5 & 6 UNESCO Institute of Statistics figures 2British Council and IDP Australia projections

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Strategy

Let us learn what would be our strategy by looking at several country leader statements upon internationalization of higher education:

• “We want the best university in the world...How many universities do we have? 83? We are not going to divide the money by 83” (Nicholas Sarkozy, President of France, 2009)

• “The higher Education Endowment Fund...(will) support the emergence of world-class institutions;.. We are trying to leapfrog university above the norm” (Juie Bishop, Federal Education, Science and Training Minister, Australia, 2007)

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• “Work (is underway) on establishing the country’s first “research-intensive” university...universities which earned a place in the top 500 rankings..were entitled to financial support” (Jurin Laksanavisit, Education Minister, Thailand, 2009)

• “The price tag to get one Nigerian university into the global top 200 is put at NGN 5.7 Billion (Euro 1 million) annually for at least ten years” (National University Commission, Nigeria)

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ITB 2015-2020 visions

Institut Teknologi Bandung

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Faculties and Schools

within

ITB

Faculty of

Art and Design

Faculty of

Civil & Environmental

Engineering

Faculty of Math and

Natural Sciences

School of

Architecture, Planning

And policy Development

School of

Pharmacy

Faculty of Mechanical

And Aeronautical

Engineering

Faculty of

Industrial

Engineering

Faculty of

Mining and Petroleum

Engineering

School of

Electrical Engineering

And Informatics

School of

Business and

Management

Faculty of

Earth Sciences

And Technology

School of

Life Sciences

And Technology

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Characteristics of the Generation of Universities

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE GENERATIONS OF UNIVERSITIES

Indicators 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation

Objective Education Education +

research

Education +

research + know-

how exploitation

Role Defending the truth Discovering nature Creating value

Method Scholastic Modern science,

Monodisciplinary

Modern science,

Interdisciplinary

Creating Professionals Professionals +

scientists

Professionals +

scientists +

entrepreneurs

Orientation Universal National Global

Language Latin National languages English

Organization Nationes, faculties, colleges

Faculties University institutes

Sumber: 3RDGENERATION UNIVERSITIES - A.Demir November 4, 2013

ITB FUTURE DIRECTION

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AGENT OF EDUCATION

AGENT OF RESEARCH

AGENT OF CULTURE, KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER

AGENT OF ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

PEOPLE EXPECTATION

MAIN PERFORM. INDICATOR

ULTIMATE CONTRIBUTION

EDUCATING PEOPLE

RESEARCHING BASIC AND APPLICATIVE PROBLEMS

TRANSFERING CULTURE, KNOWLEDGE, TECHNOLOGY TO SOCIETY AND INDUSTRY

INNOVATING TO DEVELOP LOCAL AND NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS

# INNOVATION, # EMPLOYMENT # INDUSTRY # Rp GENERATED

# INNOVATION, # EMPLOYMENT # INDUSTRY # Rp GENERATED

# PUBLICATION # PATENT # CITATION UNIVERSITY RANKING # GRADUATE EMPLOYABILITY WAITING TIME

SHIFTING PARADIGM OF THE ROLE OF UNIVERSITY “ ….university encompasses a ‘third-mission’ of economic development in addition to research and teaching.” Readings (1996)

PERLU REFORMASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI (TERMASUK RESTRUKTURISASI DIKTI) SEHINGGA DISAMPING MENGHASILKAN LULUSAN, RISET, TRANSFER TEKNOLOGI KE MASYARAKAT, PERGURUAN TINGGI JUGA MENGHASILKAN INOVASI YANG BISA

MENINGKATKAN DAYA SAING DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DAN BANGSA 23

Internationalization

• 3 Exellences

– Exellence in Research

– Exellence in Education

– Exellence in Community Services

• International Accreditation

– ABET, ASSIN, RSC

• Support Mobility activities

• Support joint education (Joint-Double Degree)

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Rector ITB Decree No:300/SK/K.01/OT/2008

“ITB Internationalization Statement”

• Provide students with opportunities to study and engage in experiential learning outside Indonesia and wherever possible to give students a more international atmosphere in the campus by inviting foreign students, researchers and professors to study and to have activities in ITB.

• Establish institutional partnerships with national and international peer and institutions.

• Support programs in education and also in research that have international dimensions.

• Establish the necessary infrastructures to support the internationalization programs

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NO STUDY PROGRAM YEAR ACCREDITATION

NAME DESCRIPTION

1 PHYSICS 2008 AUN-QA Expired

2 PHARMACY 2008 AUN-QA Expired

3 ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING 2010 ABET

Accredited

4 OCEANOGRAPHY 2010 ABET Accredited

5 ENGINEERING

PHYSICS 2011 ABET

Accredited

6 CHEMICAL

ENGINEERING 2011 ABET

Accredited

7 ARCHITECTURE 2013 KAAB Substantial Equivalent

8 CHEMICAL 2013 RSC Accredited

9 ENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING

2013 ABET Accredited

10 INDUSTRIAL

ENGINEERING 2013 ABET

Accredited

INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION

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NO Study Program Year Accreditation

Body Description

12 TEKNIK GEODESI 2013 AUN-QA Assessed 13 MBA 2013 ABEST21 Accredited 14 FISIKA 2014 ASIIN Accredited (Juli2015)

15 MATEMATIKA 2014 ASIIN Accredited (Juli2015)

16 ASTRONOMI 2014 ASIIN Accredited (Juli2015)

17 BIOLOGI 2014 ASIIN Accredited (Juli2015)

18 MIKROBIOLOGI 2014 ASIIN Accredited (Juli2015)

19 SAINS & TEKNOLOGI

FARMASI 2014 ASIIN Accredited (Juli2015)

20 FARMASI KLINIK &

KOMUNITAS 2014 ASIIN Accedited (Juli2015)

21 TEKNIK SIPIL 2014 ABET Accredited

22 TEKNIK

PERMINYAKAN 2014 ABET Accredited

INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION

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NO Study Program Year Accreditation

Body Description

23 TEKNIK GEODESI 2014 ASIIN Under evaluation

24 TEKNIK GEOFISIKA 2014 ASIIN Under evaluation

25 TEKNIK MESIN 2014 ASIIN Under evaluation

26 TEKNIK

AERONAUTIKA & ASTRONAUTIKA

2014 ASIIN Under evaluation

27 TEKNIK MATERIAL 2014 ASIIN Under evaluation

28 MANAJEMEN

REKAYASA INDUSTRI 2014 ABET Under evaluation

29 TEKNIK

PERTAMBANGAN 2014 ABET Under evaluation

INTERNATIONAL ACCREDITATION

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105 117 142 182

299 316

535 568 653

731

75

217

124 121 68

119 97

189 136

250

120

520

314 383

272

389

530 552

908 956

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

International Publications indexed in Scopus National Journal Presentation in International Conferences

Scientific Publication

International Journal

353

1236

692 902

659

1004 981 1136

1657

1950

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Titl

e N

um

be

r

Year

Total Scientific Publication

29

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

FITB FMIPA FSRD FTI FTMD FTSL FTTM SAPPK SBM SF SITH STEI

Conference

Journal

Recap Publications Scopus year 2014 Per Faculty at ITB

(recorded untill 15 Juni 2015 with institution ITB)

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Publications (Scopus)

31

NUMBER OF FOREIGN STUDENTS IN ITB BY 2015

Mahasiswa Asing per Faluktas/Sekolah Mahasiswa Asing per Negara

32

NUMBER OF FOREIGN PARTNERS BASED ON MOU UNTIL 2015

Total 256 MoU

33

QS Rank 2015 (by Subject & by Faculty)

34

Thank You

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