声明：本资料由 考试吧（Exam8

解读真题

考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记

众所周知，考研是人生的一次重新洗牌和重大机遇，而在考研的四门课程中，英语成了许多考生前进征途上的一只凶猛拦路虎和十分困难的羁跘与障碍。

详细分析历年考研英语试卷，又可以发现主要矛盾在于阅读（占60%的分数），故可谓：得阅读者得天下。阅读的60分细分为Part A、Part B 和Part C，其中Part A为四篇阅读理解，占40分，是阅读理解考试中的主战场。那么，阅读Part A有没有什么技巧呢？

技巧一：看懂

阅读理解其实主要考的是“阅读”之后的“理解”，所以，看得懂乃是第一项技巧。

任何一篇文章，若要能看懂它，至少需要两个条件：认识单词和看明白句子。单词就像盖房的砖瓦，考研词汇大约为5500个，这不是一个小数字，也并非三两天时间可以记住的，所以，考生必须先买一本考研英语词汇书进行系统、长期的学习和记忆。（推荐《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》，该书打破了传统考研词汇书按字母顺序排序的做法，而是采用历年真题作为单词出现频率的统计依据，将所有大纲单词及超纲单词按照历年真题出现的频率从高到低排列，而且全部按照考过的不同词义配不同的真题例句，可以使学生用最少的时间获得最好的学习效率）.

拿到词汇书之后，首先用大约一周的时间把这些单词中你根本不认识的挑出来，如rear, tedious, deteriorate, plausible, jargon, isotope, ……, （因为这些单词你可能完全不认识，看到之后两眼漆黑，所以称之为“黑”字）. “黑”字是阅读的头一个障碍，单词不认识，句子当然看不懂，所以，消灭“黑”字是当务之急。（争取用一个月左右的时间消灭它们！)

考研词汇中，除“黑”字外，还有大量意思非常明白的所谓“白”字，如：able, benefit, culture, space, topic, ……。此类单词可一掠而过，除“黑”（完全不认识）和“白”（完全明白）字两类外，还有许多似会不会的“灰”字，如：treaty, tutor, sample, saddle, fuss, ……。甚至还有大量你觉得会但其实并非如此的“灰”字，如：spring 除了“春天”之外，还当“泉水”、“弹簧”讲;account除了“帐户”，还作“原因;理由;解释;说明;报告;占……”解。 affect除了“爱，深情”之外，还有“做作……”之义。背诵单词时，一定要多看词汇书中所给的例句才能牢记其意义。

除单词外，有时句子太长也会对阅读造成致命的伤害，如：

If you add to this the effects of a sonar set mounted in the small nose of a torpedo rushing through the water at speeds up to 80 miles per hour with its consequent noise and vibration, plus hullborne vibrations from the power plant, it can be seen that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chance of success.

看完此句，很多考生如坠五里雾中，不知所云。其实，看懂长难句有点像撒网捕鱼，收网时应收紧网绳（叫纲），渔网自然会合拢。不要去乱抓网眼（那叫目）。看长难句亦应该做到“纲举目张”，先找句子的骨架（主＋谓＋宾），再解决修饰成份（定、状等）.

此句it后为主句，但it不是其真正主语，叫形式主语，真正主语为后边的that从句，一般来说，英语的“主＋谓＋宾”也应像汉语那样按顺序放好，主语放谓语前，即：“只有最先进的电子过滤器才有成功的可能这一点可以被看得很明白。" （形式主语it不必译）但英译汉中，应尽量少用被动句型。所以，此句可译为：“可以很清楚地看出：只有最先进的电子过滤器才有可能获得成功”. （形式主语it不必译）

it前边不是句子的主要部分，而是一个由if 所引领的长长的状语从句。（如果说主＋谓＋宾是树干的话，定、状则像树叶，要繁杂和麻烦得多。）在整个if...这样一个句子构成的状语中，if you（主语） add （谓语）the effect to this（双宾语）为基本框架;那第二个宾语为何要倒过来呢？因为第一个宾语effects 后面跟了那么长那么多的定语。（注意：英语常将定语写在名词后，这一点与中文大相径庭：中文的定语一律放在名词前）

第一个定语为介词词组“of a sonar set " ，修饰effects，译为：“一套声纳设施的效果”;第二个定语为“mounted in the small nose" ，过去分词当定语：“被安装在一个小鼻子上的”;第三个定语“of a torpedo" : “一个鱼雷的”;第四个定语“rushing...”译为：“以每小时80英里速度穿行于水里的”;后边还有一个“with..." ( "plus...”为两逗号间的插入语) 英文定语在名词后，中文却将定语放在名词effects前边。若定语不止一个，常采用倒着翻译的方法，我们称之为“倒解连环”.

故整句意思为：

“如果你把带着巨大噪音和震动的、以每小时80英里速度穿过水中的一个鱼雷的鼻尖部位上所安装的一套声纳设备的效果也加进去考虑的话，再加上还有由电机部分所造成的外壳的震动，那么，可以清楚地看到：只有最先进的电子过滤器才有可能获得成功。"

这就是考研英语的实情，怪不得每年的百万考研大军中，过60分者寥寥无几，每年也只有18%左右，英语考得好的同学，前途自然也比其他人更为光明。

大家切记，英语的句子中，“主＋谓＋宾”基本与中文一致，是按顺序摆放的，而定、状语经常倒着放，又长又多，比主、谓、宾要难很多。定、状语放好了，句子才能看明白，想看懂阅读理解中的长难句，语法基本功一定要扎实。

技巧二：选题

看懂文章之后，还有一个如何选题的问题，所以第二项技巧是选题问题。

众所周知，读完文章之后就要对文章后面的问题作出选择：是选A呢？还是选B、C？还是选D？许多考生说，文章有时看懂了，题就是选不对。其实选题也是大有技巧的，阅读的问题基本上分为五大类：

1.主旨题（又称中心思想题）: 这类题基本上是问main idea, 或best title是什么；也可以问作者写此文章的purpose何在；或问此文的conclusion可总结为什么。碰到这类题最简单的方法是把文中每段的首句串起来考虑。若是仅问其中某一段的中心思想为何，则可将该段的首、尾句加起来考虑。

2.词汇题（又称词语释义题）: 这类题常问考生一些不认识、从未见过的一些生词或词组的意思是什么。解题技巧为参考上、下文，尤其是下文。因为下文常常是对该词的解释、说明、举例等等。

3.作者态度题：常问作者对某事是什么态度：主观（subjective）还是客观（objective) ;肯定（positive）还是否定（negative) ;赞成（approval）还是反对（opposition）等等。解题的关键是要看作者在文中用了什么样的口气。若用褒义词，显然是赞成。若用贬义词，显然是反对。若客观陈述，则是中性的立场，不偏不倚。注意：作者态度常常在转折词后表明出来。所以，but一词至关重要（还有类似的yet, however, although, nevertheless等）.

4.推理性问题：其典型词有两个：infer和imply。如：What can you infer from the story? 或What is the implied meaning of this sentence?

切记，推理性问题原文中没有现成的答案。答案是你自己推想出来的，但不能凭空瞎想，必须以原文中某句话或某个词语为依据去合理推测才能找到合适的答案。

注意：以上四种题型顶多占阅读理解考试总分的1/4左右，而其他约30分的题都属于以下提到的：细节性问题！

5.细节性问题：（声明：本书中没有指出题型的，大多为细节题）

此类题占阅读总分40分中的30分左右，因此十分重要。注意，这类问题与推理性问题截然相反，都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。

除了将文章看懂，把题目选对之外，阅读理解还有两个非常重要的注意事项：速度与步骤。

技巧三：速度

大家都知道，仅仅把题选对是不够的，因为考试还有时间的限制。（你就算选对，每篇文章花一个小时那能行吗？！）记住，考试总共180分钟，四篇阅读最多占70～80分钟（即17～20分钟一篇），其余时间还要写作文、做翻译、英语知识运用等。

那么，对于速度过慢的考生，郭老师有什么建议呢？

第一、加大词汇量，这样读起来才会势如破竹，一气呵成。若生词太多，自然会磕磕跘跘，走不了太快。

第二、阅读中最忌讳的是一个字一个字地去读，那样又慢又差。正确的方法是用眼去抓句子的大致结构（叫意群阅读法）。还记得前面那个长难句吗？郭老师并没有孤零零地去看每一个词，而是先找到了it后面的主句，前头的if句虽然很长，只不过是个状语而已。而在主句中，我又抓住了它的主语that only the most advanced electronic filtering gives any chance of success和谓语can be seen。这种提纲挈领的读法，不仅可以使速度加快，更可以使准确率提高。

第三、考研是一场艰苦卓绝的拼搏。考研英语又比四、六级要难，所以保持头脑清醒和旺盛的斗志也至关重要。因此，考试前一天晚上的充足睡眠十分重要，可以在考场上保持敏锐、清醒的头脑，这对提高速度和专注精力大有裨益！

技巧四：步骤

阅读的步骤也十分重要。许多考生拿到文章之后从头读起，读完再去一个一个选答案。这种方法十分传统，叫整体阅读法。其优点是可以有一种全局感或整体感。缺点是文章太长，读后细节记不住，再去找答案又费劲又容易出错，许多细节都混淆在一起了，得分经常不高。郭老师建议同学们用一下查找阅读法：读完第一段就做第一题。然后看第二个问题问的什么，带着这个问题去看第二段，然后是第三段、第四段，依此类推。（注意，有一种问题可能此方法不太适用，那就是：主旨性问题）。查找式阅读法虽然把文章看得支离破碎，但得分往往很高，因为你刚看一段就去做一道题，这样记得住细节，抓得很准，广大考生不妨一试！

在开始研究历年真题阅读理解之前，有一件特别重要的事必须提醒广大读者：要使自己的阅读水平真正提高，必须先做题，后看答案和解析。如果顺序倒过来，阅读水平丝毫得不到提高。做题时间为一篇文章17至20分钟，Part A四篇文章时间控制在70~80分钟。下面，以最近考过的2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题中的阅读理解题为开篇，请同学们以这几篇真题阅读文章为练习，在规定的时间内，检测自己的真实水平。无论做的结果如何，都保持一种从零开始的心态，认真研读此书，一定会获益匪浅！

2007考研英语真题阅读理解

TEXT 1

If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006's World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.

What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d)none of the above.

Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in "none of the above." Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. "With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20," Ericsson recalls. "He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers."

This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person "encodes" the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.

Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers-whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming-are nearly always made, not born.

21. The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to

［A］stress the importance of professional training.

［B］spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.

［C］introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.

［D］explain why some soccer teams play better than others.

22. The word "mania" (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means

［A］fun.

［B］craze.

［C］hysteria.

［D］excitement.

23. According to Ericsson, good memory

［A］depends on meaningful processing of information.

［B］results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.

［C］is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.

［D］requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.

24. Ericsson and his colleagues believe that

［A］talent is a dominating factor for professional success.

［B］biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.

［C］the role of talent tends to be overlooked.

［D］high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.

25. Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?

［A］ "Faith will move mountains."

［B］ "One reaps what one sows."

［C］ "Practice makes perfect."

［D］ "Like father, like son."

Text 2

For the past several years, the Sunday newspaper supplement Parade has featured a column called "Ask Marilyn." People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an IQ of 228-the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as. What's the difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence? It's not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we learn about it from neurology, genetics, computer science and other fields?

The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales (both come in adult and children's version) . Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and World Wide Web. Superhigh scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam (GRE), capture the main aspects of IQ tests.

Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article "How Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?" , Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions, but under high-stress conditions. IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.

26. Which of the following may be required in an intelligence test?

［A］ Answering philosophical questions.

［B］ Folding or cutting paper into different shapes.

［C］ Telling the differences between certain concepts.

［D］ Choosing words or graphs similar to the given ones.

27. What can be inferred about intelligence testing from paragraph 3?

［A］ People no longer use IQ scores as an indicator of intelligence.

［B］ More versions of IQ tests are now available on the Internet.

［C］ The test contents and formats for adults and children may be different.

［D］ Scientists have defined the important elements of human intelligence.

28. People nowadays can no longer achieve IQ scores as high as vos Savant's because.

［A］ the scores are obtained through different computational procedures.

［B］ creativity rather than analytical skills is emphasized now.

［C］ vos Savant's case is an extreme one that will not repeat.

［D］ the defining characteristic of IQ tests has changed.

29. We can conclude from the last paragraph that

［A］ test scores may not be reliable indicators of one's ability.

［B］ IQ scores and SAT results are highly correlated.

［C］ testing involves a lot of guesswork.

［D］ traditional tests are out of date.

30. What is the author's attitude towards IQ tests?

［A］ Supportive.

［B］ Skeptical.

［C］ Impartial.

［D］ Biased.

Text 3

During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.

In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today's families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback-a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This "added-worker effect" could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner.

During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risen-and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families' future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parent-and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.

31. Today's double-income families are at greater financial risk in that

［A］ the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.

［B］ their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.

［C］ they are more vulnerable to changes in family economics.

［D］ they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.

32. As a result of President Bush's reform, retired people may have

［A］ a higher sense of security.

［B］ less secured payments.

［C］ less chance to invest.

［D］ a guaranteed future.

33. According to the author, health-savings plans will

［A］ help reduce the cost of healthcare.

［B］ popularize among the middle class.

［C］ compensate for the reduced pensions.

［D］ increase the families' investment risk.

34. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that

［A］ financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.

［B］ the middle class may face greater political challenges.

［C］ financial problems may bring about political problems.

［D］ financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.

35. Which of the following is the best title for this text?

［A］ The Middle Class on the Alert

［B］ The Middle Class on the Cliff

［C］ The Middle Class in Conflict

［D］ The Middle Class in Ruins

Test 4

It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn them-especially in America-the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data insecurity. Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to put right, and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel, information protection in now high on the boss's agenda in business of every variety.

Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.

"Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other asset," says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University's business school. "The ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders" . Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. "Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a management issue, not a technical one," he says.

The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economics assets, is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.

The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until California recently passed a law, American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the victim, when data went astray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June 17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.

36. The statement: "It never rains but it pours" is used to introduce

［A］ the fierce business competition.

［B］ the feeble boss-board relations.

［C］ the threat from news reports.

［D］ the severity of data leakage.

37. According to Paragraph 2, some organizations check their systems to find out

［A］whether there is any weak point.

［B］what sort of data has been stolen.

［C］who is responsible for the leakage.

［D］how the potential spies can be located.

38. In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that

［A］shareholders' interest should be properly attended to.

［B］information protection should be given due attention.

［C］businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.

［D］ the market value of customer data should be emphasized.

39. According to Paragraph 4, what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to

［A］ see the link between trust and data protection.

［B］ perceive the sensitivity of personal data.

［C］ realize the high cost of data restoration.

［D］ appreciate the economic value of trust.

40. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that

［A］data leakage is more severe in Europe.

［B］ FTC's decision is essential to data security.

［C］ California takes the lead in security legislation.

［D］ legal penalty is a major solution to data leakage.

下面对1994年-2006年的考研英语真题阅读理解Part A部分进行深度剖析:

2006考研英语真题阅读理解 精读笔记

TEXT 1

In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular culture.People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite" these were stores "anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act." The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.

Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000.Now, consider three indices of assimilation -language, home ownership and intermarriage.

The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence." The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. "By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families." Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.

Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do US-born whites and blacks." By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.

Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power."

Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.

21. The word "homogenizing" (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means .

［A］ identifying ［B］ associating ［C］ assimilating［D］ monopolizing

22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century .

［A］ played a role in the spread of popular culture

［B］ became intimate shops for common consumers

［C］ satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite

［D］ owed its emergence to the culture of consumption

23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the US .

［A］ are resistant to homogenization

［B］ exert a great influence on American culture

［C］ are hardly a threat to the common culture

［D］ constitute the majority of the population

24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?

［A］ To prove their popularity around the world.

［B］ To reveal the public's fear of immigrants.

［C］ To give examples of successful immigrants.

［D］ To show the powerful influence of American culture.

25. In the author's opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is .

［A］ rewarding［B］ successful ［C］ fruitless［D］ harmful

大纲单词注：1.本书单词右上角标注的数字是该单词在历年真题（1994年-2007年）中出现的次数。

2.单词词义前标注的“①、②”等数字表示该单词同一词性的不同词义。

3.在《考研英语词汇真题词频语境记忆》精读版中本书单词均配有真题例句。

absence1 ［5AbsEns］n.①缺席，不在场；②缺乏，没有

act9［Akt］v.①行动，做事；② (on）起作用；③表演；④ (for）代表，代替；n.①行为，动作；②（一）幕；③法令，条例

amaze5［E5meiz］v.使惊奇，使惊愕，使惊叹

array2［E5rei］n.①一系列，大量；②排列；v.排列

assimilate2［E5simileit］v.①（被）吸收，（被）消化；②（使或被）同化

associate3［E5sEuFieit］v.① (with）使联系，使联合；②交往，结合；n.合作人，伙伴，同事，同行；a.副的

atmosphere3［5AtmEsfiE］n.①大气（层）; ②空气；③气氛，环境

author65［5C:WE］n.①作者；②创始人

background6［5bAkgraund］n.背景，经历

cater1［5keitE］vi.备办食物，满足（需要），投合

census4［5sensEs］n.人口普查（调查）

constitute4［5kCnstitju:t］v.组成，构成

consumption4［kEn5sQmpFEn］n.消费（量），消耗

culture19［5kQltFE］n.①修养，教养；②文化，文明

democratic6［7demE5krAtik］a.民主的

department5［di5pB:tmEnt］n.①部，局，处，科，部门；②系，学部

description6［dis5kripFEn］n.①描写，形容；②种类

deteriorate1［di5tiEriEreit］v.（使）恶化，（使）变坏

discourse1［dis5kC:s,5diskC:s］n.演讲，论述，论文，讲道，谈话，谈论；vi.谈论，演说

elegant3［5eligEnt］a.优雅的，优美的，精致的

elevate2［5eliveit］v.抬起，升高

elite3［ei5li:t］n.①［总称］上层人士，掌权人物，实力集团；②出类拔萃的人（集团），精英

environment12［in5vaiErEnmEnt］n.环境，外界

exert3［ig5zE:t］v.尽（力），施加（压力等）

forum1［5fC:rEm］n.论坛，讨论会

goods9［gudz］n.商品，货物

hence6［hens］ad.①从此，今后；②因此

identify9［ai5dentifai］v.①识别，鉴别；② (with）把……和……看成一样，打成一片

immigrant10［5imigrEnt］a.（从国外）移来的，移民的；n.移民，侨民

immune3［i5mju:n］a.①免疫的，有免疫力的；②有受影响的；③免除的，豁免的

index3［5indeks］n. (［pl.］indexes, indices) ①索引；②指数，指标，标志；v.附以索引，编入索引

influence16［5influEns］n.① (on）影响，感化；②势力，权势；v.影响，感化

intimate1［5intimit］a.亲密的，密切的

issue16［5iFu:］v.①流出，放出；②发行，发表，颁布；n.①发行（物）, （报刊）期号；②问题，争论点，争端

launch4［lC:ntF］v.①发射；②使（船）下水；③发动，开展；n.发射，下水

origin3［5CridVin］n.①起源，由来；②出身，来历

original2［E5ridVEnEl］a.①最初的，原始的，原文的；②新颖的，有独创性的；n.原物，原作，原文

ownership4［5EunEFip］n.所有（权），所有制

poisonous2［5pCiznEs］a.有毒的

powerful10［5pauEful］a.强大的，有力的，有权的

prior1［5praiE］a./ad.①优先的，在前的；② (to）在……之前

rate30［reit］n.①比率，率；②等级；③价格，费用；v.①估价；②评级，评价

regardless1［ri5gB:dlis］a.①不留心的，不注意的；② (of）不管

remote1［ri5mEut］a.①远的，长久的；②偏远的，偏僻的；③关系疏远的

residence1［5rezidEns］n.住处，住宅

resident4［5rezidEnt］n.居民，常住者；a.居住的

resistant2［ri5zistEnt］a. (to）抵抗的，有抵抗力的

reveal8［ri5vi:l］v.展现，显示，揭示，揭露，告诉，泄露

role19［rEul］n.①角色；②作用，任务

social36［5sEuFEl］a.①社会的；②交际的；n.社交活动

spite1［spait］n.①恶意；②怨恨；③（来自despite）不管，不顾

tend24［tend］v.①趋向，往往是；②照料，看护

threat8［Wret］n.①恐吓，威胁；②坏兆头，危险迹象

turbulent1［5tE:bjulEnt］a.狂暴的，无秩序的

view24［vju:］n.①景象，风景；②观点，见解；③观察，观看；④眼界；v.看待，观察，考虑超纲单词absorption1 ［Eb5sC:pFEn］n.吸收

according43［E5kC:diN］ad.依照，根据

advertising11［5AdvEtaiziN］n.广告；a.广告的

assimilation3［E7simi5leiFEn］n.同化，同化作用

assimilative1［E5similEtiv］a.同化的

bilingual1［bai5liNgwEl］a.能说两种语言的

casualness1［5kAVjuElnis］a.偶然的，不经意的

consumer20［kEn5sju:mE］n.消费者

democratize1［di5mCkrEtaiz］v.（使）民主化

divisive1［di5vaisiv］a.分裂的

emergence5［i5mE:dVEns］n.浮现，出现

graveyard1［5greivjB:d］n.墓地

harmful5［5hB:mful］a.有害的，伤害的

homogenization1［7hEumEdVEnai5zeiFEn］n.（均）匀化，同质化

homogenize1［hE5mCdVEnaiz］v.均质化

immigration1［7imi5greiFEn］n.外来的移民，移居入境

intermarriage2［7intE(:)5mAridV］n.联姻，异族结婚

knowledgeable1［5nClidVEbl］a.知识渊博的，有见识的

media8［5mi:djE］n.媒体

monopolize1［mE5nCpElaiz］vt.独占，垄断

particularly8［pE5tikjulEli］ad.独特地，显著地

popularity5［7pCpju5lAriti］n.普及，流行

proficient1［prE5fiFEnt］a.熟练的，精通的

rewarding2［ri5wC:diN］a.有益的，值得的

seething1［5si:TiN］a.沸腾的，火热的

superstar1［5sju:pEstB:］n.超级明星

uniformity1［7ju:ni5fC:miti］n.统一，一致

unprecedented1［Qn5presidEntid］a.空前的难句剖析难句1There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular culture.

［语法分析］本句是there is 结构，引号内的两个名词词组是characteristic of popular culture的具体说明，为定语；

［本句难点］定语部分较长，由两个名词词组构成；

［方法对策］本句there is结构中，主语为characteristic of popular culture，然后再分析其他部分；

［例句精译］（在美国）有人们在服装和谈吐上平民化的一致，也有美国在流行文化漫不经心、随心所欲的典型风格上的一致。

难句2Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.

［语法分析］1. 本句结构为：主句+从句，which引导的定语从句修饰this common culture;

2. 定语从句中包含了一个not... but... 结构；

［本句难点］本句相对简单；

［方法对策］找出主句从句，然后分析各自主干部分；

［例句精译］外国来的移民很快就融入了这种文化，这（对美国文化）也许无甚大助，但起码也无甚大害。

难句3By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.

［语法分析］1. 本句主干为：... foreign-born immigrants ... had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent... ;

2. immigrants后面是who引导的定语从句修饰immigrants, who在从句中作主语；

3. higher than是比较结构，做a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent的后置定语；

［本句难点］主要是从句关系复杂；

［方法对策］首先找出主句主干，然后再分析从句和其他修饰成分；

［例句精译］到1996年为止，1970年前来到美国的外国出生的移民拥有75.6%的住宅率，这比美国本国人的69.8%的拥有率还高。

难句4Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation's assimilative power."

［语法分析］1. 本句是用转折词yet连接的两个分句；

2. 第一个分句主干结构是：Rodriguez notes + that引导的宾语从句；宾语从句的主干结构是：children ... are fans of superstars ... ;

3. 第二个分句主干结构是：some American fear + that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的结构比较简单；

［本句难点］主要是句子结构和从句关系复杂；

［方法对策］看到转折词yet把句子分成前后两个分句，再分别找出各自的主句主干和从句主干，即可比较好的理解本句；

［例句精译］Rodriguez指出，世界边远地区的孩子都崇拜阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯那样的超级明星，然而“还有部分美国人担心，住在美国国内的移民仍然不为国家的融合力所动。"

答案解析21.［答案］C

［解析］本文讲了美国在同化移民方面的成功。文章开始就谈到了：“虽然有关于差异的无休止的谈论，但是美国社会其实是一部令人吃惊的同化人的机器”。这就使我们联想到美国这个移民国家的多元化和统一性（例如：政治上有共和党和民主党；左派有共产党，右派有三K党；人种上有白人、黑人、黄种人；文化上有欧洲文化、亚洲文化、非洲文化等等。表面上不可调和，但身为美国人之后，又有着某种形式上多么奇妙的统一：大家都讲着美式英语，穿着牛仔裤，吃着麦当劳，看着好莱坞大片和NBA篮球赛等等。)

根据查找阅读法看完首段，大家应马上来做21题。这时，如果有点构词法常识，该多么好！（这也是考研英语大纲中的基本要求）。根据构词法，homo表示“共同，同化”，如homology, homologue, homograph, homogenize，最常见的是homosex：同性恋。这样，我们基本上可排除A: “辨认”和B: “联系”。至于D: monopolizing, mono这个前缀表示“单独”，例如：monobloc：单块的，monochrome：单色，monocyte：单核细胞，monolog：独白……，而选项D“垄断”也基本上可以排除了。故正确选项为C: assimilating。众所周知，similar为“相似的”，又知某个单词前加“a”在构词法上表示加强语气“使劲做”，即“使相同或相似，同化”.

万一不会构词法也没关系，笔者在《考研英语历年真题阅读理解精读笔记》一书中讲解阅读技巧时谈到过“词汇类选项”应该看上、下文。从上文看：虽然人们在谈论着美国的巨大差异，但是美国相当地统一（In spite of=Although) ，所以homogenizing必然与上文的difference相反，因为这两个词在“虽然……，但是……”中一前一后，意思必然截然相反。而从下文看，homogenizing又与uniformity是一致的： (form为“形式”, uni为“一”；如：unify：统一；unique：惟一的；unite, union, unity……等等。所以，uniform为“形式的统一”, “同一”等）。所以，考研大纲中的常见构词法还是要看一看的。

22.［答案］A

［解析］问题是：“按作者说法，19世纪的百货商场……" 。大家知道，第一段主要谈美国表面上有差异，好像一盘散沙，实质上非常一致，举例子时谈到了美国人服装的统一（牛仔裤等），谈吐上的统一（美式英语），也谈到了购物作风上的统一（美国人购物普遍是大大咧咧、随心所欲）--而这种作风正是19世纪产生的大众化百货商场所培养起来的，所以选A。至于选项B：这种19世纪的商场“对平民大众消费者有亲和力”是不对的，因为原文的intimate是指对elite有亲和力的那种商店，而非这种商场。选项C：这种19世纪的商场“满足有知识的精英们的需求”，这不对，原文的intimate shops才满足精英们的需求。而选项D错在它说：这种19世纪的商场是由“一种平民消费文化的出现所促生的。”错！先有了这种商场，才促生了美国平民的大众消费文化，而不是相反，所以，此题错在把因果弄颠倒了。仅看完了第一段，就可以回答两道问题了，可见查找式阅读法是多么省时而又高效啊！

23.［答案］C

［解析］第二段开头就谈到了“外国来的移民很快就溶入了这种文化，这对（美国文化）也许无甚大助（elevating) ，但起码也无甚大害（hardly poisonous) " 。所以选C，只不过把形容词poisonous换成了名词threat而已，记住：越换同义词的细节题，越可能是答案。选项A、B明显不对。至于D，从第二段数字中也可以看出是错误的。

24.［答案］D

［解析］看完第二段后，先不急于看三、四段，而应先看24题问的是什么？这就是查找阅读法。24题问：“第五段中，为什么要提（美国影星）施瓦辛格和布鲁克斯？”这就等于告诉我们，第三、四段基本上可以不看，（至少也应该看得快点！尽量一掠而过。因为它们与问题无关！）而细看第五段后我们发现：施瓦辛格等甚至受到了世界遥远角落里农村孩子们的喜爱，可见美国文化的影响是多么强大啊！但是（yet) ，还是有美国人担心它不够强大，怕新来的移民不受其影响。故选D，提到施瓦辛格是表明美国文化影响力之强大。可见“但是” (but , yet, however, although, nevertheless）一词的份量是很重的。“但是”前后，一定要仔细品味。

25.［答案］B

［解析］最后一段谈到：美国人就那么统一，难道没有分歧意见吗？当然了，美国这么大，不可能是铁板一块。但是（又是这个“但是”) , （请注意本题问作者的态度，而作者的意思常常藏在But后面），跟过去的动荡相比较（如南北战争，黑人的民权运动等等），今日的美国社会并未呈现出更黑暗和更恶化的社会环境--言外之意，我们的社会统一做得还是蛮成功的！故选B. C、D为否定，当然不对。至于A，与第二段首句冲突，也是不对的。

全文精译 尽管人们在无休止地谈论着美国社会的差异，但美国社会其实是一部能够同化人的神奇机器。（在美国）有人们在服装和谈吐上平民化的一致，也有美国在流行文化漫不经心、随心所欲的典型风格上的一致。同时，美国人也都（一致地）沉醉于一种由19世纪的百货商场所发端的“消费文化”。这类的百货商场在优雅的环境中给顾客提供大量的商品。它们不同于过去那种仅迎合有知识的精英并使他们感到亲切的商店，而是为大众而设：任何人都可以进去，不分阶级和背景。这就把消费变成了一种大众化的平民行为。大众传媒、广告和体育运动则是另类的同化力量。

外国来的移民很快就溶入了这种文化，这（对美国文化）也许无甚大助，但起码也无甚大害。Gregory Rodriguez为《国家移民论坛》撰写文章，他在报道中指出，如今移民人数既没有创新高，也不拒绝被同化。1998年，移民占美国人口总数的9.8%，而1990年移民人口所占比例是13.6%。在1990年前的十年间，每1,000名居民中有3.1个移民，而在1890年前的十年中，每1,000个居民中有9.2个移民。现在要考虑一下同化的三个指数：语言，住房拥有情况和通婚。

1990年的人口普查表明，“十五个最主要的移民来源国中的大部分移民，定居美国十年后就能将英语说的‘好’或‘很好’" 。移民的孩子往往讲双语，精通英语。“到了第三代，母语就在大多数家庭中消失了。”因此，美国被说成是“语言的墓地”。到1996年为止，1970年前来到美国的外国出生的移民拥有75.6%的住宅率，这比美国本国人的69.8%的拥有率还高。

国外出生的亚裔和西班牙裔“异族通婚率也比美国出生的白人和黑人高”。到了第三代，三分之一的西班牙裔女性嫁给了非西班牙裔男士，而41%的亚裔女性与非亚裔人结婚。

Rodriguez指出，世界边远地区的孩子都崇拜阿诺德·施瓦辛格和加思·布鲁克斯那样的超级明星，然而“还有部分美国人担心，住在美国国内的移民仍然不为国家的融合力所动。"

美国存在分裂问题和骚乱地区吗？没错。这个国家太大，以至于样样东西都会有一点的。但是，当我们审视美国过去的动乱时，今天的各项社会指标并没有表明（更）黑暗和恶化的社会环境。

21.（首段2行） "homogenizing”一词最可能的意思是：.

［A］辨认 ［B］联系 ［C］同化 ［D］垄断

22.按照作者的说法，19世纪的大百货商场（stores) .

［A］ 在大众流行文化的传播方面扮演着重要角色

［B］ 成了对普通消费者有亲和力的商店（shops)

［C］ 满足了有知识的精英阶层的需要

［D］ 把它的出现归因于大众消费文化（的出现）

23.本文表明美国现在的移民.

［A］ 抵制同化

［B］ 对美国文化施加巨大影响

［C］ 对（美国的这种）大众文化几乎不构成什么威胁

［D］ 构成了（美国）人口的大多数

24.为什么第5段中提到施瓦辛格和布鲁克斯？

［A］（为了）证明他们在世界各地都受欢迎。

［B］（为了）表明公众对移民们的担心害怕。

［C］（为了）举一些成功移民的例子。

［D］（为了）表明美国文化具有的强大影响力。

25.在作者看来，美国社会对移民的吸纳是.

［A］ 有报答的［B］ 成功的［C］ 毫无成果的［D］有害的

TEXT 2

Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry - William Shakespeare - but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.

The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus - and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side - don't usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.

The townsfolk don't see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.

Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they'll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.

It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford's most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that .

［A］ the townsfolk deny the RSC' s contribution to the town's revenue

［B］ the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage

［C］ the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms

［D］ the townsfolk earn little from tourism

27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that .

［A］ the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately

［B］ the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers

［C］ the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers

［D］ the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater

28. By saying "Stratford cries poor traditionally" (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author implies that .

［A］ Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects

［B］ Stratford has long been in financial difficulties

［C］ the town is not really short of money

［D］ the townsfolk used to be poorly paid

29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because .

［A］ ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending

［B］ the company is financially ill-managed

［C］ the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable

［D］ the theatre attendance is on the rise

30. From the text we can conclude that the author .

［A］ is supportive of both sides

［B］ favors the townsfolk's view

［C］ takes a detached attitude

［D］ is sympathetic to the RSC

大纲单词afford4 ［E5fC:d］v.①担负得起，买得起，花得起（时间）; ②供给，给予

alike2［E5laik］a.相同的，想像的

attendance1［E5tendEns］n.到场，出席

attitude13［5Atitju:d］n.① (to, towards）态度，看法；②姿势

attractive3［E5trAktiv］a.有吸引力的，引起兴趣的，动人的

author65［5C:WE］n.①作者；②创始人

banquet1［5bANkwit］n.宴会；v.赴宴

beard2［biEd］n.胡须

behavior21［bi5heivjE］n.①行为，举止；②（机器的）特性

cash4［kAF］n.现金，现款；v.兑现，付（或收）现款

conclude3［kEn5klu:d］v.①结束，终结；②断定，下结论；③缔结，议定

contend3［kEn5tend］v.①竞争，斗争；②坚决主张，声称，认为

contribute5［kEn5tribju:t］v.① (to）贡献，捐助，捐献；②投稿

contribution4［7kCntri5bju:FEn］n.①贡献；②捐献（物）; ③作用，影响；④因素，成分

cost33［kCst］n.成本，费用，代价；v.价值为，花费

council2［5kaunsEl］n.理事会，委员会，议事机构

decorate1［5dekEreit］v.装饰，装潢，布置

dedicate5［5dedikeit］v.奉献，把……用在

deny5［di5nai］v.①否认，否定；②拒绝

deserve4［di5zE:v］v.应受，值得

detach2［di5tAtF］v.分开，拆开

directly9［di5rektli］ad.①直接地，径直地；②马上，立即

dislike1［dis5laik］n./v.不喜欢，厌恶

doubt8［daut］n./v.怀疑，疑虑

expansion2［iks5pAnFEn］n.①扩张，膨胀；②张开，伸展

financial7［fai5nAnFEl］a.财政的，金融的

forth2［fC:W］ad.向前，向外

hamburger1［5hAmbE:gE］n.汉堡包，牛肉饼

hostile1［5hCstail］a.敌对的，敌方的，敌意的

imitate2［5imiteit］v.①模仿，仿效；②仿造，伪造

imply12［im5plai］v.意指，含……意思，暗示

increasingly11［in5kri:siNli］ad.不断增加地，日益

infer18［in5fE:］v.推论，推断

jeans1［dVi:ns］n.斜纹布裤，牛仔裤

lean2［li:n］v.①倾斜，屈身；②倚，靠，依赖；a.瘦的，无脂肪的

local9［5lEukEl］a.①地方的，当地的；②局部的

lounge2［laundV］n.休息室，起居室，客厅

memorial1［mi5mC:riEl］a.记忆的，纪念的；n.纪念物，纪念碑，纪念馆

nevertheless7［7nevETE5les］conj./ad.虽然如此

occupy2［5Ckjupai］v.①占，占用；②占据，占领；③使忙碌，使从事

present16［pri5zent,5prezEnt］a.①出席的，到场的；②现在的，目前的；n.①现在，目前；②礼物，赠品；v.①赠（送），呈献；②介绍，陈述；③提出，呈交；④上演

project8［5prCdVekt］n.方案，计划，项目；v.①投射，放映；②（使）凸出，（使）伸出；③设计规划

reason26［5ri:zn］n.①理由，原因；②理性，理智；v.①推论，推理；②说服，评理；③讨论，辩论

resident4［5rezidEnt］n.居民，常住者；a.居住的

revenue6［5revEnju:］n.财政收入，税收

rocket1［5rCkit］n.火箭；v.迅速上升，猛涨

royal4［5rCiEl］a.①王室的，皇家的；②第一流的，高贵的

side6［said］n.①侧面，旁边；②坡，岸；③一边，一方；v. (with）同意，站在……的一边

stream3［stri:m］n.①小河，溪流；②流，一股，一串；v.流出，涌

subsidy2［5sQbsidi］n.补助金，津贴

superb1［sju:5pE:b］a.极好的，高质量的

sympathetic1［7simpE5Wetik］a.同情的，共鸣的

view24［vju:］n.①景象，风景；②观点，见解；③观察，观看；④眼界；v.看待，观察，考虑

worthy2［5wE:Ti］a.① (of）值得……的，配得上……的；②可尊敬的，有价值的超纲单词according43 ［E5kC:diN］ad.依照，根据

birthplace1［5bE:Wpleis］n.诞生地

bun1［bQn］n.小圆面包

clientele1［7kli:B:n5teil］n.客户

cocktail1［5kCkteil］n.鸡尾酒

deliciously1［di5liFEsli］ad.美味地，芬香地

distinctly2［dis5tiNktli］ad.清楚地，显然

financially1［fai5nAnFEli］ad.财政上，金融上

flagstone1［5flAgstEun］n.石板

frankly2［5frANkli］n.坦白地，真诚地

ironic1［aiE5rCnik］a.说反话的，讽刺的

nightfall1［5naitfC:l］n.黄昏

noisiness1［nCiznis］n.吵闹

playgoer2［5pleigEuE(r)］n.爱看戏的人

playgoing1［5pleigEuiN］n.看戏

sandal2［5sAndl］n.凉鞋，便鞋

sightseer2［5saitsi:E(r)］n.观光客

socially2［5sEuFEli］ad.在社交方面，在社会地位上

theater2［5WiEtE(r)］n.①戏院；②戏剧；③阶梯教室

tourism1［5tuEriz(E)m］n.观光事业，游览

townsfolk3［7taunz5fEuk］n.市民，居民

traditionally2［trE5diFEnEli］ad.传统地，惯例地难句剖析难句1Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry - William Shakespeare - but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.

［语法分析］1. 本句为but连接的两个分句；

2. 第一个分句主干为：Stratford-on-Avon ... has ... one industry... ，其中，as we know为插入语，两个破折号之间的 William Shakespeare是对one industry的补充说明；

3. 第二个分句为there be结构，句子主干是：there are two ... buanches;

［本句难点］句子关系比较复杂；

［方法对策］根据转折连词but把句子分成前后两个句子，分别找出各自的主干，再分析其他成分；其中，William Shakespeare不是人名或者一个产业，而是一个品牌；

［例句精译］众所周知，Stratford-on-Avon镇只有一个产业--威廉·莎士比亚业--但是，却存在着两个截然不同并且越来越互相敌对的分支。

难句2And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.

［语法分析］1. 本句主干结构为：there are the townfolk ...;

2. townfolk后面是who引导的定语从句修饰townfolk, who在从句中作主语；

3. 此定语从句中还包含了一个who引导的定语从句修饰the tourists，此外本句还包含一个not... but... 结构；Shakespeare's birthplace是Anne Hathaway's Cottage的同位语；

［本句难点］从句关系比较复杂；

［方法对策］首先找出句子的主干结构，然后再分析从句关系；注意从句中的not… but … 结构；

［例句精译］另一边则是靠游客谋生的市民们，那些游客来这儿不是为了看戏，而是为了看Anne Hathaway小屋、莎翁的出生地和其他景点。

难句3It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

［语法分析］1. 本句句子主干结构是：It's... ironic ... ;

2. ironic后面是when引导的状语从句，此状语从句中包含一个that引导的宾语从句，作为consider的宾语；

3. 此宾语从句中包含两个谓语was和did;

4.两个逗号之间的部分是who引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰Shakespeare;

［本句难点］主要是从句关系比较复杂，还有插入语的影响；

［方法对策］找出句子主干，忽略插入语的影响，然后再分析从句结构；

［例句精译］而当你想到为该镇居民创造了谋生手段的莎士比亚本人也是个演员，也留着胡须，也制造噪音时，那就极具讽刺意味了！

难句4It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.

［语法分析］1. 本句是一个强调结构：It is ... who ... ，强调的是主语；

2. because引导原因状语从句，两个逗号之间的 the RSC contends是插入语；

［本句难点］强调结构；插入语的影响；

［方法对策］本句强调结构强调的是主语，本句基本句型为：强调结构+原因状语从句；

［例句精译］因此皇家演出公司的演员们争辩说：正是这些看戏客们带来了小镇的大部分收入，因为他们要过夜（有人甚至住四、五夜），这就把大量的钱财消费在镇旅馆和饭店里。

难句5They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

［语法分析］1. 本句主干结构是：They all seem to look alike ... ，破折号后面的lean,pointed,dedicated faces补充说明这些人的样子；

2. 其后是三个并列的现在分词短语：wearing,eating和bedding down表示伴随的情况；

3. 不定式结构to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets是目的状语；

4.其后是seats和tickets的后置定语：held for the sleepers and sold to them;

5.when引导时间状语从句；

［本句难点］句子比较长，从句关系比较复杂；

［方法对策］首先找出主句和从句的关系，然后找出主句和从句的主干结构，再分析其他修饰成分；

［例句精译］他们看起来都很相像（尽管他们来自各地）--精瘦的、敏锐的、虔诚的脸庞，穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着面包，在剧院外的石板地上打地铺过夜以便购买次日上午10点半剧院售票处开门时专门留给他们的那20张座票和80张站票。

答案解析26.［答案］A

［解析］本文介绍了莎士比亚故乡的情况。

第一段谈到了在莎士比亚的故乡，有两派：一派是剧团的演员；另一派是镇上的居民。看完此段我们来做26题（查找式阅读法），却发现没法做，因为26题问：“从头两段中，……. ”我们只好再看第二段（查找阅读，此之谓也）.

选项B与D均无实事依据，而C也不对：原文是RSC与镇上的townsfolk不和，没讲RSC中又分两派。故只能选A：镇上居民不认为剧团对该镇的经济做出了什么贡献。 (doubt 此处可译为“不相信”，牛津双解字典中为“question the truth of..." )

27.［答案］B

［解析］问题问从第三段得出什么推论，看完第三段可知（又是查找式阅读法）：看戏客们因为看戏而要在这里过夜（有时候甚至三、四夜），所以比观光客们花钱自然要多。

28.［答案］C

［解析］本题问道作者说“Stratford镇（政府）传统上喜欢“哭穷”，意味着什么？

“哭穷”当然不是真穷，这从下文“但是” (Nevertheless）后可以看出。（又是“但是”) ：一边“哭穷”, “但是”却另一边又在大兴土木。所以选C: “哭穷”并不是真缺钱。至于选项D中的poorly是指“差劲地，很少地”，为干扰项。

29.［答案］D

［解析］看完第五段可知：该镇居民并不认为政府应该给剧团补贴，因为他们的上座率很高嘛！故选D.

30.［答案］D

［解析］我们从文中多处可以看出作者并不支持市民们这一方。比如，第二段提到，镇上居民讨厌演员，殊不知为镇上居民们（who earns their living）带来谋生手段的莎翁本人也是个演员。又如：第四段，市政府哭穷不资助剧团，“但是”真穷为什么能大兴土木呢？可见并不穷。（言外之意：那为什么不帮助剧团呢？）注意：作者态度常藏在“但是”一词后面。

全文精译 众所周知，Stratford-on-Avon镇只有一个产业--威廉·莎士比亚业--但是，却存在着两个截然不同并且越来越互相敌对的分支。一边是皇家莎士比亚演出公司（RSC) ，它在该镇莎士比亚纪念剧院上演莎翁最好的戏剧作品。另一边则是靠游客谋生的市民们，那些游客来这儿不是为了看戏，而是为了看Anne Hathaway小屋，莎翁的出生地和其他景点。

Stratford 镇可敬的居民们不相信剧院能给他们带来哪怕是一个便士的收入。他们很坦白自己不喜欢RSC的演员们，那些人留着长发，蓄着胡须，穿着便鞋，吵吵闹闹。而当你想到为该镇居民创造了谋生手段的莎士比亚本人也是个演员，也留着胡须，也制造噪音时，那就极具讽刺意味了！

游客们却并未完全分流。坐大客车来的观光客们（通常也顺道看一下沃里克古堡和布伦海姆皇宫）一般不看戏，其中有些人看到该镇竟然有一个剧场时还会感到吃惊。但是，看戏的人在看戏的同时却总是设法进行一点观光的。因此皇家演出公司的演员们争辩说：正是这些看戏客们带来了小镇的大部分收入，因为他们要过夜（有人甚至住四、五夜），这就把大量的钱财消费在镇旅馆和饭店里。而观光客却能在夜幕降临前看完所有景点，离开城镇。

镇上的市民们可不这么看问题，而镇议政厅（市政府）也不会直接拨款资助补贴演出公司。该镇传统上喜欢哭穷。但是，几乎镇上的每一个旅馆都在大兴土木，扩建新的侧楼或建造鸡尾酒大厅。希尔顿大饭店也正在建自己的旅馆，而且肯定会装潢出像哈姆雷特汉堡酒吧、李尔王休息厅、班柯晏会厅这样的建筑物，其价格将肯定会十分昂贵。

不管怎样，镇上的居民也不能理解为什么皇家莎士比亚演出公司需要财政补贴（剧院已经连续三年打破上座率。去年，它的1431个座位达到全年94%的上座率，今年还会更好）。当然，真实的原因是物价在飞涨而票价却一直维持得很低。

涨价太多将是可耻的，因为这将会赶走对Stratford小镇最着迷的年轻客户。他们完全是为看戏而不是为观光而来的。他们看起来都很相像（尽管他们来自各地）--简朴的，敏锐的，虔诚的脸庞，穿着牛仔裤和便鞋，吃着面包，在剧院外的石板地上打地铺过夜以便购买次日上午10: 30剧院售票处开门时专门留给他们的那20张座票和80张站票。

26.从开头两段中，我们可知：.

［A］镇上的居民们不认为RSC为该镇的收入做出了什么贡献

［B］RSC的演员们在台上台下都模仿莎士比亚

［C］RSC中的两派关系不好

［D］镇上的居民们从旅游业收入不多

27.从第三段中可以推理出：.

［A］游客们不能把古堡和皇宫分开来参观

［B］看戏客比观光客花更多的钱

［C］观光客比看戏客购物更多

［D］看戏客在镇里只去剧院（而并不去观光）

28.（第四段2-3行） "Stratford市（政府）哭穷”是什么意思？

［A］该市拿不出扩建工程的费用。

［B］该市长期处于财政拮据之中。

［C］该市并不是真缺钱。

［D］市民们曾经工资都很低。

29.按照市民的看法，不应该补贴RSC，因为：.

［A］票价可以上涨以填补支出的费用

［B］公司财政上经营不善（干嘛要给他们钱）

［C］演员们的行为是难以接受的（所以不能给他们钱）

［D］剧场上座率还在上升（干嘛还要再给钱）

30.从本文得出结论，作者：.

［A］支持两边 ［B］支持市民们的观点 ［C］对双方争执漠然视之 ［D］同情RSC

TEXT 3

When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction.Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.

That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.

Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.

Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline" . The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.

31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that .

［A］ large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment

［B］ small species survived as large animals disappeared

［C］ large sea animals may face the same threat today

［D］ slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones

32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that .

［A］ the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%

［B］ there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago

［C］ the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount

［D］ the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old

33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (line 1, paragraph 3), Dr. worm means that .

［A］ fishing technology has improved rapidly

［B］ the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded

［C］ the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss

［D］ the data collected so far are out of date

34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that .

［A］ people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time

［B］ fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass

［C］ the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level

［D］ people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.

35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries' .

［A］ management efficiency ［B］ biomass level

［C］ catch-size limits［D］ technological application

大纲单词account17 ［E5kaunt］n.①账（目，户）; ②叙述，说明；③价值，地位；v. (for) ①说明，解释；②占；③ (take into -）考虑；顾及

acknowledge4［Ek5nClidV］v.①承认，认为；②致谢；③确认

adjust3［E5dVQst］v.调节，调整，校正

amount10［E5maunt］n.数量，总额；v. (to）合计，总共达，等于

application3［7Apli5keiFEn］n.①请求，申请（书，表）; ②应用，运用；③施用，敷用

argue18［5B:gju:］v.①争论，辩论；②认为，主张，论证；③说服

attempt6［E5tempt］v. (to）尝试，试图；n. (at）企图，努力

author65［5C:WE］n.①作者；②创始人

available17［E5veilEbl］a.①可用的，可得到的；②可以见到的，随时可来的

average16［5AvEridV］n.平均（数）; a.①平均的；②普通的，一般的；v.平均，均分

bait1［beit］n.诱饵；vt.引诱

business32［5biznis］n.①商业，生意；②事务，业务，职责；③企业；④贸易量；⑤行业，业务

concern19［kEn5sE:n］v.①涉及，关系到；②（常与with, about, in连用）关心，挂念；③担心，担忧；n.①（利害）关系；②关心，挂念；③担心，担忧

conservative4［kEn5sE:vEtiv］a.保守的，守旧的；n.保守主义者

current6［5kQrEnt］n.①电流，水流，气流；②潮流，趋势；a.①当前的，现在的；②通用的，流行的，最近的

data11［5deitE］n. (datum的复数）资料，数据

detect4［di5tekt］v.察觉，发觉，侦察，探测

disappear3［7disE5piE］v.不见，消失

efficiency5［i5fiFEnsi］n.①效率；②功效

environment12［in5vaiErEnmEnt］n.环境，外界

estimate5［5estimeit］v./n.估计，估价

extinct1［iks5tiNkt］a.①灭绝的；②熄灭了的

figure8［5figE］n.①体形；②数字；③图形；④人物；v. (out）算出，估计，推测

furthermore4［fE:TE5mC:(r)］ad.而且，此外

hook2［huk］n.钩，吊钩，钩状物；v.钩住

hunt4［hQnt］v./n.①打猎，猎取；② (for）搜索；③寻找

individual19［7indi5vidjuEl］a.①个人的，单独的；②独特的；n.个人，个体

infer18［in5fE:］v.推论，推断

lead20［li:d］v.①领导，引导；②领先，占首位；③ (to）通向，导致，引起；④经验，过（生活）; n.带领，引导；n.铅

management10［5mAnidVmEnt］n.①经营，管理；②管理部门

marine1［mE5ri:n］a.①海的，海生的；②船舶的，航海的

massive2［5mAsiv］a.①大而重的，厚实的，粗大的；②大规模的，大量的

maximum2［5mAksimEm］n.最大值，极限；a.最大的，最高的

nature13［5neitFE］n.①自然界，大自然；②性质，本性，天性

notion5［5nEuFEn］n.概念，想法，意念，看法，观点

original2［E5ridVEnEl］a.①最初的，原始的，原文的；②新颖的，有独创性的；n.原物，原作，原文

present16［pri5zent,5prezEnt］a.①出席的，到场的；②现在的，目前的；n.①现在，目前；②礼物，赠品；v.①赠（送），呈献；②介绍，陈述；③提出，呈交；④上演

prey1［prei］n.①被捕食的动物，捕获物；②受害者；v.猎取食物

proportion3［prE5pC:FEn］n.①比例；②部分，份儿；③均衡，相称

publish4［5pQbliF］v.①出版，刊印；②公布，发表

reason26［5ri:zn］n.①理由，原因；②理性，理智；v.①推论，推理；②说服，评理；③讨论，辩论

restore2［ris5tC:］v.①恢复，使回复；②归还，交还；③修复，重建

satellite4［5sAtElait］n.卫星，人造卫星

saturate1［5sAtFEreit］v.使饱和，浸透，使充满

shark2［FB:k］n.鲨鱼

shift11［Fift］v.①替换，转移；②移动；n.①转换，转变；②（轮）班，（换）班

species7［5spi:Fiz］n.（物）种，种类

stock8［stCk］n.①备料，库存，现货；②股票，公债；③无生命之物；④群，家庭，家系；v.储存

suffer4［5sQfE］v.① (from）受痛苦，患病；②受损失；③遭受；④忍受，忍耐

survive11［sE5vaiv］v.①幸免于，幸存；②比……长命

target5［5tB:git］n.目标，对象，靶子；vt.以……为目标

technology27［tek5nClEdVi］n.工艺，技术

theory20［5WiEri］n.①理论，原理；②学说，见解，看法；③看法，观点

threat8［Wret］n.①恐吓，威胁；②坏兆头，危险迹象

trap2［trAp］n.陷阱，圈套；v.诱捕，使中圈套

underestimate2［5QndEr5estimeit］v.低估

vessel2［5vesl］n.①容器，器皿；②船，舰；③管，血管

vulnerable2［5vQlnErEb(E)l］a.易受攻击的，易受...的攻击

yield3［ji:ld］v.①出产，生长；② (to）屈服，服从；n.产量，收获超纲单词according43 ［E5kC:diN］ad.依照，根据

baseline2［5beislain］n.基准线

biological3［baiE5lCdVikEl］a.生物学的

biologist3［bai5ClEdVist］n.生物学家

biomass3［5baiEumAs］n.生物量

exploitation2［7eksplCi5teiFEn］n.①开发，开采；②剥削，利用

extinction1［iks5tiNkFEn］n.灭绝，消失

fishery4［5fiFEri］n.渔业，渔场

halve1［hB:v］v.平分，减半

latest8［5leitist］a.最近的

longline2［5lCNlain］n.延绳（一种捕鱼工具）

outlive1［aut5liv］vt.比……长寿

predator1［5predEtE］n.食肉动物

prehistoric1［5pri:his5tCrik］a.史前的，陈旧的

relatively4［5relEtivli］ad.相关地

sonar1［5sEunB:］n.声纳

sustainable1［sE5steinEbl］a.可以忍受的，养得起的

technological9［7teknE5lCdVikEl］a.科技的难句剖析难句1Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.

［语法分析］1. 本句主干结构是：Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass ... but rather changes ...，注意句干中包含一个not ... but ... 结构；

2. 本句包含两个介词结构作状语：of fish species in particular parts of the ocean和in that biomass over time;

［本句难点］主要是注意estimate后面的两个宾语：biomass和changes;

［方法对策］找出句子主干，注意双宾语和not ... but ... 结构；

［例句精译］其目的不是要去估算海洋特定区域鱼类的实际存在数量是多少，而是想知道多年来这些鱼类的生物群体增减变化情况。

难句2That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

［语法分析］1. 本句是由连接词so连接的两个表示因果关系的分句构成；

2. 第一个分句主干为:That means ... , means的宾语是省略了that的宾语从句；

3. 第二个分句主干为：the real difference ... is likely to be ... ;

4.in catch size是changes的后置定语；

［本句难点］本句由两个分句构成，结构相对复杂；

［方法对策］分别找出两个句子的主干结构，再分析其他修饰成分；

［例句精译］这意味着海洋中更大数量的鱼类遭到了捕获。因此，现在和过去鱼量的真正差异可能比捕捞量所记载的还要糟糕。

难句3Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.

［语法分析］1. 第一个逗号前为主句主干；

2. since引导一个原因状语从句；

3. 现在分词短语leading... 表示一种伴随的动作；

［本句难点］would表示的是对过去情况的推测；

［方法对策］按照主句、从句、伴随修饰成分分析即可掌握本句；

［例句精译］因为没有更多的带饵鱼钩来捕捉它们，所以有些鱼就没被抓到，这就导致人们对过去鱼量的低估。

难句4The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.

［语法分析］1. 本句主干结构是：The notion is + that引导的宾语从句；

2. 此宾语从句中，which引导的定语从句修饰the massive changes;

3. because引导的原因状语从句，补充说明宾语从句的内容；

［本句难点］主要是从句关系比较复杂；

［方法对策］首先找出主句主干，然后分析从句之间关系，即可掌握理解本句；

［例句精译］意思是：人们没能觉察到海洋中所发生的巨大变化是因为他们仅回顾了过去相对短暂的一段时间里的情况。

难句5That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.

［语法分析］1. 本句主干结构是：That matters ... ;

2. 主干后面because引导的从句主干结构是：theory suggests + that宾语从句；

3. 在此宾语从句中，句子主干结构是：the maximum sustainable yield ... comes ... ; yield后面是that引导的定语从句修饰yield；其后有when引导的时间状语从句；

［本句难点］主要是从句比较多，而且有从句嵌套现象；

［方法对策］找出主句主干，然后再逐层分析其他从句；

［例句精译］这很重要，因为理论表明：当一个特定物种的生物群体总量降到其最初水平的50%时，这就是该渔场可以收获的最大的、可维持的渔业产量的顶峰了。

答案解析31.［答案］C

［解析］本文作者对海洋生物的现状表示了深刻的担忧。这从第一段（尤其是末句）中可以看出。所以，作者通过对陆地大型动物的灭绝的回顾，实际是想提醒我们：今天，大型海洋动物可能会面临着同样的威胁（选项C) .

32.［答案］A

［解析］选项B和D明显不对（见译文原文和选项的中文译文）.

而选项C错在说新渔场的“捕鱼量” (catch-sizes）只有原来的20%。但原文不是“捕鱼量” (catch-sizes) ，而是“大型鱼类的群体总量” (biomass of large predators）只剩20%了。而选项A是正确的。因为：渔场开发的15年内，大型鱼生物群体总量下降80%，也就是说，只剩20%了。而从那以来至今，又下降了一半（it has halved again since then) ，即又下降10%，那不就等于说选A是对的嘛：只剩10%，或者说下降90%！（不要忘了，推理题需要自己推想才行!!!）另外，把原文中的“biomass" (“生物群体总量”）改为选项中的同义词stock (“总的储量”）也同样是为了迷惑考生！切记，越换同义词的题（如原文biomass换成选项中的stock) ，越可能是正确答案。越照抄原文的越可能是干扰项。因为出题人的原则很明确：尽量把正确的答案隐藏起来让考生找不到，而尽量把表面上的东西端上来把考生引入歧途!!!

33.［答案］C

［解析］问题是：（第三段中）Worm博士说：“这些数字还是有些保守”。这是什么意思？从第三段中可知：选项A与D明显不对，B是“当时的捕鱼量比实际记录得要小”也不合情理，而C“海洋生物群体的实际损失（比这些数字）大得多”才是正确答案（因为过去的统计手段比较落后，好多鱼被漏掉了，所以过去鱼类的真实数量应该比记载的还要大。而现在的捕鱼业更发达，捕得更多。所以，现在与过去的真实鱼量差距应比统计的数字更大。)

34.［答案］D

［解析］Myers博士等研究人员并没说：“海洋生物体总量应恢复到它原来的水平” (C) ，也未说“人们应该找到一条能更长时间起作用的底线” (A) 。倒是选项B是一道非常狡滑的问题：渔场应将其捕捞量（yield）控制在鱼群总量的50%以下才行。这完全是在偷换概念。

原文为：当鱼群总量降到其最初水平的50%时（50% of its original levels) ，而不是选项B中的（50% of the biomass) ，这时，就可以考虑该收收手了。（见中文译文），切记切记！照抄原文（50%）的，有时很可能是陷阱。

35.［答案］B

［解析］纵观全文（尤其是每段首句），可知作者主要关心的不是渔场的效益（A) ，技术的运用（D) ，甚至也不是捕鱼量的限度（C) ，而是：海洋生物还有多少？水平降到了何种程度？是否到了危险的地步？ (B)

全文精译 当史前人类来到地球新的角落时，大型动物发生了一些奇怪的事：它们突然灭亡了。小一点的物种得以存活。而大的、生长慢的动物因比较容易被猎取而被迅速地捕杀殆尽，现在，一些类似的事情可能正在海洋中发生。

海洋生物遭到过度�