i×pe% ikB%

if.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZif.Mrk jekckbZ

L=khf'k{kk{ks=ks vxzx.;k if.Mrk jekckbZ 1858 res f[kz"VkCnstUe vyHkrA rL;k% firk vuUr'kkL=kh Mksaxjs ekrk py{ehckbZ vkLrke~A rfLeu~ dkys L=khf'k{kk;k% fLFkfr%fpUruh;k vklhr~A L=kh.kka Ñrs laLÑrf'k{k.ka izk;% izpfyrauklhr~A fdUrq Mksaxjs :f<c¼ka èkkj.kka ifjR;T; LoiRuhaLkaLÑreè;ki;r~A ,rnFk± l% lektL; izrkj.kke~ vfivlgrA vuUrja jek vfi Loekrq% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorhA

dkyØes.k jek;k% firk foiÂ% l×tkr%A rL;k% firjkS T;s"Bk Hkfxuh pnqfHkZ{kihfMrk% fnoÄõrk%A rnuUrja jek Lo&T;s"BHkzk=kk lg in~H;ka lexza Hkkjre~vHkzer~A Hkze.kØes lk dksydkrka izkIrkA laLÑroSnq";s.k lk r=k ^if.Mrk* ^ljLorh*psfr mikfèkH;ka foHkwf"krkA r=kSo lk czãlektsu izHkkfork osnkè;;ue~ vdjksr~Ai'pkr~ lk L=kh.kka Ñrs osnknhuka 'kkL=kk.kka f'k{kk;S vkUnksyua izkjC/orhA

1880 res f[kz"VkCns lk fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg ckdhiqj&U;k;ky;s fookge~vdjksr~A lk/SZdo"kkZr~ vuUrja rL;k% ifr% fnoÄõr%A

rnuUrja lk iq=;k euksje;k lg tUeHkwfea egkjk"Vªa izR;kxPNr~A ukjh.kkalEekuk; f'k{kk;S p lk Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorhA g.Vj&f'k{kk&vk;ksxL;le{ka ukjhf'k{kkfo"k;s lk Loera izLrqrorhA lk mPpf'k{kkFkZe~ baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhAr=k bZlkbZ/eZL; L=khfo"k;oSQ% mÙkefopkjS% izHkkfork tkrkA

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#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

26

baXyS.Mns'kkr~ jekckbZ vejhdkns'ke~ vxPNr~A r=k lk HkkjrL; foèkokL=kh.kkalgk;rkFkZe~ vFkZl×p;e~ vdjksr~A Hkkjra izR;kxR; eqEcbZuxjs lk ^'kkjnk&lnue~*vLFkki;r~A vfLeu~ vkJes fuLlgk;k% fL=k;% fuolfUr LeA r=k fL=k;%eqnz.k&VÄï.k& dk"Bdyknhuk×pizf'k{k.kefi yHkUrs LeA ije~bna lnua iq.ksuxjs LFkkukUrfjratkre~A rr% iq.ksuxjL; lehisosQMxk¡o& LFkkus ^eqfDrfe'ku*uke laLFkkua r;k LFkkfire~Av=k v/quk vfi fujkfJrk%f L = k;% llEe ku a thou a;ki;fUrA

1922 res f[kz"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A lk ns'k&fons'kkuke~vusdklq Hkk"kklq fuiq.kk vklhr~A lektlsok;k% vfrfjDra ys[ku{ks=ks vfi rL;k%egÙoiw.kZe~ vonkue~ vfLrA ^L=kh/eZuhfr* ^gkbZ dkLV fgUnw foesu* bfr rL;k%izfl¼a jpuk};a orZrsA

ifjR;T; & NksM+dj giving up

vè;ki;r~ & i<+k;k taught

izrkj.kke~ & rkM+uk torture

vlgr & lgu fd;k endured

'kCnkFkkZ%

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if.Mrk jekckbZ

27

Loekrq% & viuh ekrk ls from her own mother

foiÂ% & fu/Zu poor

nqfHkZ{kihfMrk% & vdky ihfM+r victims of famine

fnoÄõrk% & eR;q dks izkIr gks x, died

mikf/H;ke~ & mikf/;ksa ls with honourary titles

izkjC/orh & vkjEHk fd;k initiated

lk/SZdo"kkZr~ & Ms<+ o"kZ one and half year

izR;kxPNr~ & ykSV vkbZ returned

(izfr$vkxPNr~)

vFkZl×p;e~ & /u l×p; accumulation of wealth

izR;kxR; & ykSVdj returning

(izfr$vkxR;)

eqnz.ke~ & NikbZ printing

VÄï.ke~ & VÄï.k typing

fujkfJrk% & cslgkjk helpless

(fuj~$vkfJrk%)

;ki;fUr & fcrkrs@fcrkrh gSa spend

vonkue~ & ;ksxnku contribution

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#fpjk & f}rh;ks Hkkx%

28

1- ,dinsu mÙkjr&

(d) ^if.Mrk* ^ljLorh* bfr mikf/H;ka dk foHkwf"krk\

([k) jek oqQr% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorh\

(x) jekckbZ osQu lg fookge~ vdjksr~\

(?k) dklka f'k{kk;S jekckbZ Lodh;a thoue~ vfiZrorh\

(Ä) jekckbZ mPpf'k{kkFk± oqQ=k vxPNr~\

2- js[kkfÄïrinkfu vk/`R; iz'ufuekZ.ka oqQ#r&

(d) jek;k% firk lektL; izrkj.kke~ vlgrA

([k) iR;q% ej.kkuUrja jekckbZ egkjk"Vªa izR;kxPNr~A

(x) jekckbZ eqEcbZuxjs ^'kkjnk&lnue~* vLFkki;r~A

(?k) 1922 res f–"VkCns jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A

(Ä) fL=k;% f'k{kka yHkUrs LeA

3- iz'ukukeqÙkjkf.k fy[kr&

(d) jekckbZ fdeFkZe~ vkUnksyua izkjC/orh\

([k) fu%lgk;k% fL=k;% vkJes ¯d ¯d yHkUrs Le\

(x) dfLeu~ fo"k;s jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% ;ksxnkue~ vfLr\

(?k) osQu jpuk};su jekckbZ iz'kaflrk orZrs\

vH;kl%

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if.Mrk jekckbZ

29

4- v/ksfyf[krkuka inkuka funsZ'kkuqlkja inifjp;a fy[kr&

inkfu ewy'kCn% fyÄõe~ foHkfDr% opue~

;Fkk& osnkuke~ osn iq¡fYyÄõe~ "k"Bh cgqopue~

firk ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

f'k{kk;S ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

dU;k% ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

ukjh.kke~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

euksje;k ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

5- v/ksfyf[krkuka /krwuka ydkja iq#"ka opu×p fy[kr&

/krq% ydkj% iq#"k% opue~

;Fkk&vklhr~ vl~ yÄ~ izFkeiq#"k% ,dopue~

oqQoZfUr ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

vkxPNr~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

fuolfUr ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

xfe";fr ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

vdjksr~ ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ----------------

6- v/ksfyf[krkfu okD;kfu ?kVukØekuqlkja fy[kr&

(d) jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fofiufcgkjhnklsu lg fookg% vHkor~A

([k) 1858 res f–"VkCns jekckbZ tUe vyHkrA

(x) lk mPpf'k{kkFkZe~ baXyS.Mns'ka xrorhA

(?k) 1922 res f–"VkCnsss jekckbZ&egksn;k;k% fu/ue~ vHkor~A

(Ä) lk eqEcbZuxjs 'kkjnk&lnue~ vLFkki;r~A

(p) lk Loekrq% laLÑrf'k{kka izkIrorhA

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