Isdcs Lca PDF

8/10/2019 Isdcs Lca PDF

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ISDCS

Group 4

PGDM (evening) 13-16

19thDecember 2013


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What is LCA? Technique for investigating and valuating the

environmental load associated with a product or

service due to its existence

Provides more quantitative and scientific basis for the

sustainability aspect of any process or technology

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LCA in life cycle thinking Life cycle thinking:becoming aware of the effect of

human activities on environment

Social Environment CostSLCA LCCLCA

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Why LCA? Considers the complete life cycle of a product/process

chain thereby avoiding shifting of loads/impacts in the

process chain

Source: Integration of life cycle thinking in the steel industry by Clare Broadbent, Worldsteel Association 4


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Why LCA? Environmental impact of product/process chain

Tool for decision making in new product design

Inform customers/product manufacturers/consumers

Environmental product declarations

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Why LCA? Can be used for CO2calculations

Benchmarking (internally to company, regionally, globally)

Env Impact in terms of global (global warming), regional

(acidification) and local effect (human toxicity)

Emissions hotspot identification

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Life Cycle Assessment Study based on

ISO: 14040 and

14044

Four stages of LCA

study

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Goal and Scopedefinition

Life cycle Inventory(LCI)

Life cycle impactassessment

Life cycle interpretation


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Life Cycle Assessment Goal of the study

Sr No Definition For Example

1 Intended application EPD development

2 Reason for carrying out the study For marketing communications to caterto the needs of the growing customersegment

3 Intended audience LP marketing and TG GWL

4 Comparative assertions Yes (Benchmarking)

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Life Cycle Assessment Scope of the study

Sr No Category Definition

1 Product system For example: Rebars

2 Functions of the product system For example: Rebars from BF route

3 Functional unit For example: 1 ton rebar

4 Data quality Data quality parameters

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Life Cycle Assessment Scope of the study

Sr No Category Definition

5 Types of impacts Global warming potentialAcidification potential Eutrophication potential Embodied energy Embodied water

Photochemical oxidation potential Resource depletion potential Soil ecotoxicity

6 Allocation Incase of multiple products

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Scope of the study (system boundary)

Transport

Production

Process1

Process2

Process3

MiningCoalmine

Oremine

Refinary

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Use phase End ofLife

Cradle to Grave


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Transport

Production

Process1

Process2

Process3

MiningCoalmine

Oremine

Refinary

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Cradle to Cradle


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Transport

Production

Process1

Process2

Process3

MiningCoalmine

Oremine

Refinary

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Cradle to Gate


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Transport

Production

Process1

Process2

Process3

MiningCoalmine

Oremine

Refinary

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Gate to Gate


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Transport

Production

Process1

Process2

Process3

Mining

Coalmine

Oremine

Refinary

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Gate to Grave


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Life Cycle Assessment Life cycle inventory Input/Output data collection

Data sheets will be designed based on the goal and scope of the study

Data can be measured/estimated/calculated/literature

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Inputs

1. Raw Materials X Tonnes

2. Energy Y Gcal

3. Ancillaries Z m3

Outputs1. Products X Tonnes

2. By-products Y Gcal

3. Emissions to air, water & soil Z m3


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Life Cycle Assessment Development of LCA Model

Why do we need a model?

Why a software for modeling? What value does it add to the study?

Life cycle impact assessment

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LCA softwares: GaBi, Sima Pro etc


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Life Cycle Assessment Life cycle impact assessment

Classifying the inputs and outputs in different environmental

impact categories

SrNo

Pollutant Factor Unit

1 Carbon dioxide 1

Kg eq. CO2

2 Methane 24

3 R 116 (hexafluoroethane) 12200

4 Carbon monooxide 0

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Life Cycle Assessment Typical LCA based product declarations

Source:Environmental product declaration for Trinsul Wall (cladding system) Tata Steel Europe

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LCA in Industries Indian industry is warming up to LCA

Tata Motors: LCA of components (Gate to Gate)

Tata Steel Europe: Environmental productdeclarations of most of their products

SABIC have done many LCA studies of theirproducts and processes

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LCA in Industries: Walmart Global Responsibility : Thought process.

In response to growing consumer demand for environmentally responsibleproducts, Walmart examined the life cycle of products to find ways to conservenatural resources.

As per Walmart : By looking at the supply chain as a whole, we can find waysto makes products more sustainable -- from farm to shelf and ahead

Walmart Supplier GHG Innovation Program: Ambitious GHG reduction goal

Walmart initiated a Sustainable Product Index program in early 2009 with thegoal of examining its supply chains and creating

The index that will rank products on multiple measures of environmentalimpact.

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From 2010 to 2015Reduce 20 million metrictonnes of CO2 Eq.


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An initial SupplierSustainabilityAssessment

program

The creation of aLifecycle Analysis

Database

The finalization ofthe Index and apresentation to

customers.

LCA in Industries: Walmart Customers want products that are more efficient, that last longer and perform better, he

said And increasingly they want information about the entire lifecycle of a product so

they can feel good about buying it. They want to know that the materials in the product

are safe, that it was made well and that it was produced in a responsible way.

Wal-Mart initiated a Sustainable Product Index program in early 2009 with the goal of

examining its supply chains and creating an index that will rank products on multiple

measures of environmental impact.

The Index initiative will proceed in three stages,

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LCA in Industries: Walmart

Wal-Mart, Seventh Generation, and Tetra Pak collaborating with Earthsterto create an open,

data commons and lifecycle assessment (LCA) toolfor product designers, manufacturers,

suppliers and sustainability experts looking for information on materials, energy, water, social

and climate impacts through out the product life cycle

Earthster is the first open source platform to measure and manage a products social

and environmental impacts throughout the supply chain

Wal-Mart contributed funding to the Earthster project to support a number of pilot LCAs of

their private brand products.

LCA software that creates value and makes measuring practical improves the effectiveness of

reporting standards, like those of the Sustainability Consortium and the Global Packaging

Project, especially when those tools are integrated with existing industry platforms like GS1,

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LCA at Tata Steel Ltd. Mostly Gate to Gate studies

LCA study for coal mining and washing at West Bokaro (2003) & Jharia(2006)

Identification of the environmental impact in terms of depletion of naturalresources and air pollution for one ton of clean coal mined

LCA study for cold roll sheets was carried out in 2004

Environmental impact in terms of water and air pollution for one ton of coldroll sheet produced was studied

Env. Impact assessment of the coke plant at Tata Steel, Jamshedpur in2010.

Development of Environmental product declaration for rebars has beencarried out in 2013-14.

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