ANOIKTO InS U n n s ~ TOUS l s s Copyright "2001 & 26222 (061) 314094,314206, (061) 317244 EAIIJl997200l 960-538-294-6 Set: 960-538-296-2 2121/1993 ; Camhridgc Univcrsity Pross1990 Pounds, J.G, Gcography ofEuropc i \Prcss Syndicatc of Univcrsity of Camhridgc ANOIKTO .JG.Pounds , , 2001 ........................................................11 ......................................................................15 ...... : ..........................................................17 ..................................20 ............................................................23 1 ................. , .. ' ......... , ..25 .... , ..... , ... , ........ , ... , .. 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' .. , ....................... ,67 ...............................................69 ' ...............................70 . .................................................71 ' ...................................73 . ................. , ................ , .................. , ...76 ....... , ................... , ............ , ......77 ... , ............ , .......... , ................................87 . 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"., .... , .....132 , ..... , , , .... , , ................. , .. , ... , . , .. , . , ........ , .. , ... 136 ...................... , ........................ 142 ............ , ..... , .............. , .................. , ......... 144 ..................... "........................ 148 5 < 1 { 1 ......... ,., ............. "...149 .... , , .. , .... , . , ..... , , ......... , .... ".. , ............ , ... ,149 ........... ".......... "......... , ... , ......... , ... 153 .............................................. , ............157 ' .. '............ , .................................. , .. , .... , ....160 .......... , .......................... , ............... , , ... 160 , ....................... , .................. , ..168 '... ' .. ' ......................................... ' ............ 170 ' ..............................................173 ........ , .. , ............ , .............. ".. "...177 .............. , ............................ , ...181 6 ~ ~ < 1 { 1 .............. , .........183 ......... ,., ....... , .... "............. , ....... , ...183 '....... , , . , ....... , ... , , ............. , ... , ................188 \ ...................................................194 .................................................196 ....................................................200 ..............................................................209 ......................................................... .216 .......................................... .216 .............................................219 ..............................................................222 ............................................... .222 . .....................................225 . ...............................................228 . ...........................................229 ...............................................232 7 .................................................233 f f i ...........................................................233 : m J ......................................................239 ....................................................240 ..........................................................242 ...............................................250 ...............................................251 .....................................................253 .....................................................255 ...............................................258 1.1 .............................................30 1.2 ...................34 1.3 ...................................35 1.4 ....... , .................. , .. , ....... .36 2.1 ............... ' ............ .49 2.2 .... , ... , ....... , .. , ..... , .50 2,3 ..... ' .. ' .. ' ... .53 2.4 ........ ' ........ ' .. ' .......60 2.5 ............ "........... , .63 2.6 .......... , ................. , .... , .. , ..64 2,7 ............ , ........... , .. , ..65 2.8 ., ......... , .................. , ........72 2.9 ......... , ...... , ..... , .. ,., ..73 2.10 .. , , ... , ....74 2.11 ..... , ... , ". , ...81 2.12 ........................................ , ..82 2.13 forma urbis hocrea loHiana, ... , .84 2,14 .. , ...................... , ......... , ............ , ... , ...85 2.15 , .................................. , ..............90 3.1 ... , .......... , ...... , ............... , ....106 3.2 .... , .. , ... , .......... , .. , ......... ,109 3.3 ........ , .............................. , .......110 3.4 ............. ' ............. , , ... , .... ' ...... , .122 4.1 .. , .......... , , .126 4.2 ......... , .....129 4.3 ........ , "'"... 131 4.4 ...........................134 4.5Valhagar, Gotland, ,.136 4.6 ........... ,. ,137 11 4.7 .................................................146 5.1 ....................................150 5.2 .........................................151 5.3 ......153 5.4 ..............................................154 5.5 ..................156 5.6 ..... 159 5.7 .......................................... 160 5.8 ....................................... 161 5.9 ............. 165 5.10 Hildesheim............................. 166 5.11 - .....................................167 5.12 .............. 169 5.13 190 ..... 171 5.14 .............. 173 6.1 ................ 184 6.2 Rouergue (departement Aveyron), 1341.....................................190 6.3 ..............................................197 6.4 ..........................................198 6.5 Haufendorf, Rundling, Angerdorf.......................... .199 6.6 VJatva .........203 6.7 Rheinfelden...............205 6.8 ..................................205 6.9 ................ .207 6.10 140 150 ... .217 6.11 ...........221 12 6.12 140 150 ............... ' .. "....... ""' ...... '''.223 6.13 Bruges, Bruges,., ...... , ....... , ............. , ... '.' ...........226 7.1 ............. ""...... ".... "' "................234 7.2 ...................... , .................235 7.3 Volterra San Gimignano .............. , ...........................235 7.4 ...............236 7.5 7.6 .........................244 7.7 ..........................254 7.8 ......... , ....................................256 13 1973 1985 Cambridge University Press J.O.M. Broek Santa H.C. Darby NewGeography EngIand after 1600 (1986), nnals Ihe Association American Geographers, Joumal Social Revue Belge de Cambridge Unjversity Indiana University Nonnan J. G. Pounds 15 2.500 EUQ;b- ) ..... 17 .. 9 Stuart Piggott StUCll1Ptggotl,Ancicnt Europc fromthc Bcginnings of AgricuJturc to C1assicalAntiquity (Edinburgll,18 1 11). . . ( , / 6). \ i f 19 ", ',,...'! rjruv . 20 190 150 21 ! 190 22 ! L Grime's Graves Spines 2.500 20 23 "__._____ .",,,_--", - .... _,.-.-',,---', # , ',',.- ""',,"'. -... ------>" ... J 1) Adam Smith, 24 1 r 1 60 25 1 ... ... ... ota 1.TO)'llbee,GrcekfromHomcr (he Agc ot" Hcraclius (Lorumn,1924),1656. 26 1 1315-17 00-27 1 , 1789 1848 1816-17, 1880 28 1 11) 1.1). 29 1 1.1. \. 30 1 1 D. Lawrence, ... 31 1 Lawrence 218 11). Thc Posthumous Papcrs D. Lawrcncc /936),49. (/. /32-/39. 32 r 1 5000-2500 1.2). 33 1 ... . . . 256-258 1.2. \ , 34 ! 1 1.3), . r:;::' 1876; :!-..J4. 1.3. 1 35 1 1.4. 1.4). 36 i 1 37 1 11). 190 180 50 38 [ 1 1 Bradford, J. S. Landscapes;Studies;n London 1957. Bunbury, Geography. London, 1879, 1959. Garnett, The Loess Regions of Cenlral Europe Prehistoric Times. Geographical Joumal106 (1945) :132-41. Smith, C. o/Westem Europe before 1800.London, 1967. Thompson, J. Ancient Geography, Cambridge, 1948. Wright, J. Geographical European New York, 1928. 39 'Y.ac 41 ! La Tene avd},Dya 42 i , ( l r. 43 , ! \ 44 ::. , 1 .. 45 2 . . , - , . , , . , . . . , , . La Tcne , . , . , , , . , . . ' , . . , . -47 2 , 343 1.500 4.500 51 150 45 : 2.1 1. JT.16-17, \ \ 48 J 2 2.2). . >t. J> , , 3 390 102 Sextiae Aix) 107 3 rqteot Gottland - rt' \ 108 3 YIJJ. ---- __ _ &._._,_ __ &. 3.2. 3.2) 4-5% Bardengau 109 3 476, 3,3), 3.3, \ 110 3 Jazdzewski 11 451 1 1 3 vrav 790 Pliska. 1241, 5, . 112 3 -Wessex, Mercia Northumbria- 1. Charles Martel, 800. 113 3 , mare nostrum, Henri Pirenne, Pirenne, 640 711 732 114 3 Pirenne, 600 100 28, Gildas, 140. 115 3 1.000