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isxy,jev fmd;
3 fY%a‚h
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ii
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiskarcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:dfõ
uqøKh lrjd m%ldYhg m;a lrk ,È'
m<uq uqøKh - 2017
fojk uqøKh - 2018
f;jk uqøKh - 2019
ISBN 978-955-25-0235-4
iii
iv
v
vi
vii
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl - wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
fufyhùu
ví,sõ' tA' ks¾u,d mshiS,s ñh - wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ^ixj¾Ok&
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
iïnkaëlrKh
m%.S;sld chfialr ñh - iyldr flduidßiawOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ixialdrl uKav,h
fÊ' î' Èidkdhl uhd - iïudks; uydpd¾h
tï' wd¾' ví,sõ' uoaÿu uhd - wOHlaI"
uq,a <udúh yd m%d:ñl wOHdmk
fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
fÊ' tA' ks¾u,d ouhka;s chisxy fuh - lÓldpd¾h"
uq,a <udúh yd m%d:ñl wOHdmk
fomd¾;fïka;=j"
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh"
uyr.u'
ta' ã' nd,mgne¢f.a ñh - iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI
m%d:ñl wOHdmk YdLdj"
wOHdmk wud;HdxYh'
viii
viii
f,aLl uKav,h
tÉ' iqis,a isßfiak uhd - lÓldpd¾h ydmsá.u úoHdmSGh óß.u
ví,sõ' lreKdr;ak uhd - lÓldpd¾h" .srd.u .=re uOHia:dkh" .srd.u" ms<su;,dj'
frdaysKS Ñ;%,;d ñh - m%d:ñl .=re WmfoaYl" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" .sßW,a," jhU m<d;'
úmq,s ksfrdaIsKS fyÜáwdrÉÑ fuh - rdcH iïudk ,dNS f,aÅld ^<ud idys;Hh&
;kQcd ksYdka;s wh.u fuh - rdcH iïudk ,dNS f,aÅld ^<ud idys;Hh&
mS' jhs' ÈfkaIa Oïñl l=udr uhd - .=re fiajh O¾udfYdal úÿy,
wïn,kaf.dv
NdId ixialrKh
uydpd¾h r;ak úfÊ;=x. uhd
fidaÿ m;a lshùu
ch;a mshoiqka uhd - ksfhdacH Wm l¾;D" is¿ñK" ,xldfõ iSudiys; tlai;a m%jD;a;s m;% iud.u
Ñ;% yd msgljr ks¾udKh
iuka l¿fndaú, uhd - .=re fiajh" wkqr uOH uyd úoHd,h"
hlal,
mß.Kl wlaIr ixfhdackh yd msgq ieliqu
tia' ù' Ô' trx.d È,arelaIs ñh - mß.Kl wxYh" wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ix
msgq wxl
1 - 9
10 - 12
13 - 16
17 - 20
21 - 25
26 - 29
30 - 31
32 - 37
38 - 41
42 - 43
44 - 47
48 - 52
53 - 56
57 - 61
62 - 65
66 - 68
mgqk
1' fldrjla meálalsg wl=re lshjmqod
2' ;re leg
3' wfma ksoyia W;aijh
4' uf.a rg
5' yß mqÿuhs
6' iNdfjka wjirhs
7' f;arú,s
8' fkd.e<fmk frdao
9' uqyqÿ fjr<g pdßldjla
10' ðxð nria nria nria
11' rc;=udf.a Tgqkak
12' yefouq wms;a fï jdf.a
13' nÿ¨ .uk
14' wYaj meáhd
15' w. uq, fijQ yeá
16' wyiska .sh fidfydhqfrda
ms,s iys; wl=re 69 .=re Wmfoia 70
x
1
fldrjla meálalsg
wl=re lshjmq od
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjkak' W;a;r ,shkak'
1' fldrjlaflda ysáfha fldfya o@
2' wl=re lshjkak lSfõ ldg o@
3' wl=re lshùfï W;aijhg meñ‚ l=re,a,ka ;=ka fofkl=
kï lrkak'
1
2
ls%hdldrlu 2
my; i|yka jpk .<md jels ilia lr ,shkak'
1' l;d l<d$ fldrjlald$ fldrjlalsg
2' wlSlrehs$ meálals$ álla$ fldrjla
3' le,E frdol$ ysáhd$ fldrjlaflda $ f,dl=
4' tkak$ kel;g$ lreKdlr,d$ wl=re lshjk
5' Tlafldu$ kel;g$ wdjd$ wl=re lshjk$ l=re,af,da
6' lE.eyqjd$ fldrjla meálals$ lsh,d$ fldjdla fldjdla
3
ls%hdldrlu 3
my; oelafjk fldgqfõ we;s ms,a, iys; jpk mdvfuka fidhd
,shkak'
ms,a, jpkh
d
e
E
s q
Q
=
+
f
f a
f d
f da
ld f,
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4
ls%hdldrlu 4
fldgqfõ by<ska we;s ms,a, tla tla jpkfha uq,a wl=rg fhdod
kej; ,shkak'
E ^§¾> weoh&
rka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
o; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ih ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
e ^weoh&
kj ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
l| ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ri ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
d ^we, ms,a,&
or odr
u, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
., ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
s ^biams,a,&
,iaik ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
u, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
.uka ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
S ^§¾> biams,a,&
lr ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
i; ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ug ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
= ^jla mdms,a,&
lv ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
., ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;ud ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5
q ^fldka mdms,a,&
u, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mia - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
or - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
+ ^§¾> jla mdms,a,&
lr - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lvh - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lg - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
f a ^fldïnqj iu. y,a
,l=K&
lcq - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
oi - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ko - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
f ^fldïnqj iys; y,a
,l=K&
uia - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
n;a - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
j, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Q ^§¾> fldka mdms,a,&
k, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ir - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
uo - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
f ^fldïnqj&
nr - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ok - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
;,a - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
6
f d ^fldïnqj iu. we,ms,a,&
m; - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lk - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
or - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
f da ^fldïnqj we,ms,a, iu. y,a
lsÍfï ,l=K&
u, - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
uv - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
o; - ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ls%hdldrlu 5
my; i|yka jpk lshjkak¦ ,shkak'
uDÿ lD;sh jD;a;h
ySnDD nDDkdhs mDÓúh
ffu;s%h ffY,uh ffO¾hh
fk!ldj fi!LHh ufy!IO
7
ls%hdldrlu 6
my; ±lafjk l;dfjys we;=<;a úrdu ,l=Kq" § we;s Wmfoia
wkqj i,l=Kq lrkak'
;s; ' WodyrK
fldudj " WodyrK
m%Yakd¾: ,l=K @ WodyrK @
Wvqfldud “ ” WodyrK “ ”
ksu,a" lu,a hd¿fjd fokafkla' ojila fï fokakd le,hla
ueÈka .ukla .shd' ál ÿrla hoa§ biairyg yuq jqfKa
ljqo@ j,fyla' lu,a ÿj,d .syska .ylg ke.a.d' j,yd <`.
<`. u tkjd' “oeka uu fudlo lrkafka@” ksu,a weyqjd'
“blaukg .ylg k.skak” lu,a lsjqjd' “wfka ug .ia k.skak
nE fka” ksu,a lsjqjd' “tfykï lrkak fohla kE” lu,a ;j
álla Wvg ke.a.d' ksu,a uereKd jf.a ysgmq ;ek u ìu
ydkais jqKd' j,yd ksu,a <Õg wdjd' ksu,ag <x fj,d bj
lr,d ne¨jd' fyñysg wdmyq hkak .shd' lu,a .fyka neye,d
ksu,a <`.g wdjd' “ksu,a" j,yd Thdf.a lkg <x lr,d lsjqfj
fudkj o@” lu,a weyqjd' “úmf;a § yer hk ñ;=rka
weiqre lrkak tmd lsjqjd” ksu,a W;a;r ÿkakd'
"
8
ls%hdldrlu 7
my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
l
lE l+
. .e .+
; ;=
o È ¥
g
v vq
n
u
j
w wd we wE b B W W!
9
R RD t ta T ´ ft T!
lD lDD fld ffl fl!
f.!
f;a ff;
fod fo!
gD gDD ffg fg!
fv!
10
;re leg
2
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd m%Yakj,g W;a;r ,shkak'
1' ;re leg jf.a fmkqfKa ljqreka o@
2' kQ,a fmdgla f.k .i <Õg .sfha wehs@
3' ks,a ;re leg b.s,a¨fKa fldfydu o@
11
ls%hdldrlu 2
mdvu lshjd ysia;eka mqrjkak'
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ks,a ;re leg
mshdU,d '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''' u,a .y Wv
È,sfikjd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ud, fmdgla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' mq¿jks ug
4' kQ,a mgla '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .y .djg
5' ir ir .d '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ks,a ;re leg
6' lKdueÈßhks '''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''' tkak ìug
12
ls%hdldrlu 3
ysia;ekaj,g .e<fmk mo fhdod my; oelafjk lú
iïmq¾K lrkak'
² iuk, u,a ud,hhs
l=re¨ .S; kdohhs
kgk mksk ud¿fjdhs
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
²
/,s /,s /,s ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' /,s
is,s is,s is,s ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fyñysg ie,s ie,s
yskefyñ ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' fj,a t<s
² mdg mdg foaÿkakla
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' wdldfia
mdg l+re fma<shla u
<`. <`. .Eú,d jf.a
ta mdg o u,a j;af;a
u,a Tlafldu mdg lf<a
iuk,hskaf.a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' yev;, wekafoa
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Ñ;% fmdf;a
msgq w;f¾ mdg oud
yev lrkak ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' foaÿkafka
13
wfma ksoyia W;aijh
3
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' rEmjdysksh n,ñka isáfha ljqo@
2' rEmjdysksfha fmkajñka isá W;aijh l=ula o@
3' wfma rg 1948 ksoyi ,enqfõ l=uk cd;slhkaf.ka o@
14
4' wms yeu wjqreoaol u ksoyia Èkh iurkafka ljod o@
5' ksoyia W;aijhg m%o¾Ykh flfrk fldäh kï lrkak'
ls%hdldrlu 2
.e<fmk jpk fhdod ysia;eka mqrjkak'
^iurkjd$ m%o¾Ykh lrkjd$ hg;a jqKd$ f,<fokjd&
1' yuqod fm<md<s" hqoaO gexls rEmjdysksfha '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' wfma rg ì%;dkH cd;slhkag ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' fmnrjdß y;r fjksod wms ksoyia Èkh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ksoyia Èkhg yeu f.orl u cd;sl fldä '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
15
ls%hdldrlu 3
my; i|yka tla tla fldgqj, we;=<;a jpk Ndú; lr
jdlHhla ne.ska ,shkak'
WodyrK(
ksoyi
1948 fmnrjdß 4 jeksod wfma rgg ksoyi ,enqKd'
wfma rfÜ cd;sl W;aijh
ksoyia Èkhg cd;sl fldäh
YS% ,xldfõ wNsudkh
1948 fmnrjdß 4
16
ls%hdldrlu 4
ksjerÈ j¾K Ndú; lr cd;sl fldäh
mdg lrkak'
17
uf.a rg
4
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' mdkaorg wefikafka fudkjd o@
2' jku,a fm;s mdfjkafka fldfya o@
3' Wig Wfia fmfkkafka fudkjd o@
4' fï lú mka;sfhka lshfjkaafka l=ula .ek o@
uf.a rg
18
ls%hdldrlu 2
mdvu lshjd yß kï 3 ,l=K o jerÈ kï × ,l=K o jryka
;=< fhdokak'
1' isß ,xld §mh mqxÑ wmg isß iem fohs' ^ &
2' ´¨ fk¨ï .x.dj, msmS jefkhs' ^ &
3' Wi l÷ j,dl=¿j, .Efjhs' ^ &
4' iuka msÉp fmdl=re y|mdfka ke<fjhs' ^ &
5' m,;=re meiS b§ iqj| fkd fohs' ^ &
19
ls%hdldrlu 3
<ud .S;hlg ijka § my; f;dr;=re iïmQ¾K lrkak'
.S;h .dhkd lrkafka ljqreka o@
.S;h ,shd we;af;a fudkjd .ek o@
.S;fha we;=<;a Tn leu;s jpk myla ,shkak'
20
ls%hdldrlu 4
mska;+rhg .e<fmk bfí isÿ jk ls%hdldrlu
§ we;s fldgqfjka f;dard ysia ;eka mqrjkak'
´¨ fk¨ï ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
jk u,a fm;s '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
uqyqfoa r< '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
j,dl=¿ l÷j, ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
mdfjkjd" .Efjkjd" msfmkjd" fmrf<kjd
21
yß mqÿuhs
5
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' mdvfuka lshfjkafka ljqreka .ek o@
2' o<Uqjd i;s folla ysáfha fldfya o@
3' w;a;gq i,ñka mshEUqfõ ljqo@
22
4' u,a fm;s jf.a isks÷ fudkjd o@
5' o<Uq hd¿jkag iuk,hd y÷kd .kak neß jqfKa wehs@
ls%hdldrlu 2
§ we;s jpk fhdod rEmhg wkqj ysia;eka mqrjkak'
lkjd' nv msreKd u
yod .kakjd'
bmÿfKa
l'
23
we;=f<a i;s folla ú;r
ysáhd u thd fjkia fjkjd'
yefokafka tfyu hs'
Wv jy,d
me‚ fndkjd'
o<Uqfjda" fldaIh" fld<h"
iuk,a¨" o<Uqjd" fld<"
iuk,hd" u," fldaI" u,a
24
ls%hdldrlu 3
iuk,hl=f.a l;dj f.dvk.kak'
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ì;a;r
25
ls%hdldrlu 4
my; i|yka ud;Dldjla f;dard f.k jels myla lshkak'
uu irex.,hla
uu mekai,la
uu f,afkla
,shkak'
26
iNdfjka wjirhs
6
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' iñ;sh mgka .ekSug l,ska yefudau lf<a l=ula o@
2' ukqlf.a úfkdaodxYh l=ula o@
3' i÷ks .dhkd l< lúh ,shkak'
27
4' kdgH .S;hla .dhkd lf<a ljqo@
5' .=re;=ñh w.h lf<a fudkjd o@
ls%hdldrlu 2
mdvfï i|yka iñ;sfha isÿ l< foaj,a wkqms<sfj<ska ,shkak'
1' wd.u isyslsÍu
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
28
ls%hdldrlu 3
my; i`oyka ud;Dldj,ska tlla f;dard f.k
mka;sh bÈßfha l;djla lrkak'
uf.a mdi, udf.a fyd| u hy¿jd$ fhfy<sh
uf.a iqr;,d uf.a úfkdaodxYh
ls%hdldrlu 4
ysia;ekg iqÿiq jpk fhdod iqn me;=ï m; iïmQ¾K lrkak'
iqn me;=ï
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' Èk
''''''''''''''''' jk
Wmka Èkh iurk
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
iqn Wmka Èkhlg
wdisß m;kafka
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
29
ls%hdldrlu 5
iqn me;=ï m;la ilia lr w,jkak'
30
f;arú,s
7
² wjfndaOh
mdvfï i|yka f;arú,sj,g W;a;r ,shkak'
1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ls%hdldrlu 2
Tn okakd f;arú,a,la ,shkak' th mka;shg bÈßm;a lr
W;a;rh wikak'
31
ls%hdldrlu 3
.e<fmk jpk f;dard ysia ;eka mqrjkak'
W;a;rh ,shkak' fldgqj ;=< Ñ;%h w¢kak'
u,a me‚" yß u rihs" ux wdj u"
okakjd o" wl=re" md fjkafka" Èhfjhs"
? fjkjd" jeiai odg" mqxÑ <uhs
1' Wfoa fjkafka '''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''' ux .shd u
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
2' ;=vla we;;a kE
''''''''''''''''''''''''' fndkafka
Tn tlalhs ux
''''''''''''''''''''''''' ,shkafka
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
3' iqog iqfoa '''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''' l¿ fjkafka
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
4' iS;, uu '''''''''''''''''''''''''
br t<shg kï
'''''''''''''''''''''''''' ug leu;shs
'''''''''''''''''''''' uu ljqoehs
^''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''&
32
fkd.e<fmk frdao
8
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' hd¿fjda y;r fokd le,Ejg .sfha wehs@
2' hd¿jka ÿgq lr;a;h ldf.a o@
3' fï lr;a;h f.or f.k huq lsh,d lsjqfõ ljqo@
33
4' hd`Mfjda y;r fokdg lr;a;h ;,a¨ lrkak neß jqfKa
wehss@
5' mskqï ydñg ,eÊcd ys;=fKa wehs@
ls%hdldrlu 2
.e<fmk fia hd lrkak'
rexrex mexpd b;a;Ejd
nl nl wmamqydñ ueiaid
b¢lgq uqÈhkafia l=l=<d
y~,k rd, ydjd
mskqï ydñ f.ïnd
34
ls%hdldrlu 3
frdaoj,ska hd¿jka ye¥ foaj,a ,shkak'
rexrex mexpd
nl nl wmamqydñ
b¢lgq uqÈhkafia
y~,k rd,
ls%hdldrlu 4
.e<fmk ls%hdldrlu jryka ;=<ska f;dard ysia;eka mqrjkak'
^kQ,a weUrejd$ yskd jqKd$ t<j¿ fldgqjg j;=r oeïud$ or
lvdf.k wdjd$ msá weUrejd&
¸' nl nl wmamqydñ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸' b¢lgq uqÈhkafia ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¸¸' y~,k rd< ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¸¹' rex rex mexpd '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
¹' mskqï ydñ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
35
ls%hdldrlu 5
hd¿jka mskqï ydñg ÿka foaj,a ksjerÈj hd lrkak'
rexrex mexpd ri leú,s
nl nl wmamqydñ lerÜ w,hla
b¢lgq uqÈhkafia fïia l=Ügula
y`v,k rd, wem,a f.ähla
ls%hdldrlu 6
Ñ;%j,g .e<fmk j.ka;s fhdod l;dj lshjkak'
w,a, .kak yok fldg u
ne¨ï fndaf, msmsreKd
ne¨ï fndaf, yq<x je§
fïfi hgg fmr¿Kd
n¨ meáhd nh ù,d
fodr uq,af,a yex.=Kd
n¨ meáhd th ±l,d
fyñka fyñka <x jqKd'
36
ne¨ï fndaf, yq<x je§
fïfi hgg fmr¿Kd
37
38
uqyqÿ fjr<g pdßldjla
09
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd ms<s;=re imhkak'
1' jre‚ tl;= lr .;af;a fudkjd o@
2' fjr< whsfka msmS ;snqKq u,a j¾.h l=ula o@
3' fjrf<a kj;ajd ;snqfKa fudkjd o@
4' uqyqohs uqyqÿ fjr<hs ,iaik jkafka wehs@
39
ls%hdldrlu 2
Tn .sh pdßldjl f;dr;=re weiqfrka
my; oelafjk ldâm; mqrjkak'
msg;a jQ fõ,dj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
.sfha ljqreka iu. o@ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
pdßldj .sfha ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
^mhska$ nia ßfhka$ jEka ßfhka$ ÿïßfhka$ nhsisl,fhka$
;s%frdao ßfhka$ ldrfhka$ leí ßfhka$ wyia hdkfhka&
kerUQ ia:dk ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Tn jvd;a leu;s ia:dkh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
tu ia:dkhg jvd;a leu;s wehs@ '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
Tn .sh pdßldjl f;dr;=re weiqfrka
my; oelafjk ldâm; mqrjkak'
msg;a jQ fõ,dj '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
40
ls%hdldrlu 3
mqia;ld,fhka fmd;la f.k lshjkak' ta weiqfrka my;
oelafjk f;dr;=re iïmQ¾K lrkak'
fmdf;a ku (
,sjqfõ ljqo@
fmd; .ek jels y;rla ,shkak'
41
ls%hdldrlu 4
Tn lshjQ fmd;a myla weiqfrka my; f;dr;=re iïmQ¾K
lrkak'
fmdf;a ku l;=jrhd
1 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5 ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
42
ðxð nria nria nria
10
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' w¨;a fi,a,fï ku l=ula o@
2' ta lS%vdj lrk yeá lshd ÿkafka ljqo@
3' fmd,a .y yeÿfõ fldfydu o@
4' ck lS%vd folla kï lrkak'
43
ls%hdldrlu 2
fmd,a leãfï lS%vdfõ isÿùï wkqms<sfj<g wxl fhdokak'
fmd,a levqjd
keÜg lerfljqjd
fmd,a .Ejd
fmd,a ìkaod
fmd,a j;=r ìjqjd
fmd,a f,,s .eyqjd
fmd,a ñßl=jd
1
44
rc;=udf.a Tgqkak
11
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' hd¿fjda iji mdi,g wdfõ wehs@
2' kdgHfha rc;=udg rÕmdkafka ljqo@
3' Tgqkakla ;snqfKa ld <Õ o@
4' mis÷ bÈßfha oK kud oE;a È.= lf<a ljqo@
45
rc;=udf.a Tgqkak
11
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' hd¿fjda iji mdi,g wdfõ wehs@
2' kdgHfha rc;=udg rÕmdkafka ljqo@
3' Tgqkakla ;snqfKa ld <Õ o@
4' mis÷ bÈßfha oK kud oE;a È.= lf<a ljqo@
ls%hdldrlu 2
my; i|yka m%ldY isÿ lf<a ljqo@
1' “wms kï .fï hkjd”
2' “mis÷ tkl,a uu rc fjkakï”
3' “ta ñksyd ufâ ysgjmq bkak jf.hs”
4' “fj,djg jev lrkak mqreÿ fjkak ´kE'”
5' “fukak rc;=uks rclu Ndr .kak'”
46
ls%hdldrlu 3
mdvfuys i|yka m%ia;dj msre¿ myla ,shkak'
1
2'
3'
4'
5'
47
ls%hdldrlu 4
my; i|yka woyig .e<fmk m%ia;dj msre¿ ,shkak'
i. iaÓr ;SrKhl fkdisàu
ii. b;d ÿr mdrlskaa .ukla hdu
iii. wjg iudch ms<sn| jegySula fkdue;s ùu
iv. tlg u isák hd¿jka fofofkla
v. ,nd .; fkdyels fohla b,a,Su
48
yefouq wms;a fï jdf.a
12
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r imhkak'
1' jev mud jkafka ldf.a o@
2' wreKg m<uqj hkq l=ula o@
3' wdydr .ekSfï § ms<smeÈh hq;= fyd| mqreÿ folla
,shkak'
49
yefouq wms;a fï jdf.a
12
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r imhkak'
1' jev mud jkafka ldf.a o@
2' wreKg m<uqj hkq l=ula o@
3' wdydr .ekSfï § ms<smeÈh hq;= fyd| mqreÿ folla
,shkak'
4' wka wh iu. iu.sfhka lghq;= l< hq;= nj lshfjk
lúh ,shkak'
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
ls%hdldrlu 2
my; oelafjk lúj, b;sß mo iïmQ¾K lrkak'
1' uõmsh .=rejrhka yg
lSlre úh hq;= ieu úg
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ul=¿ oe,a o fjk;a li<
iqoao lrkq f,iska ksu,
3' ;nd ;sfnk ms<sfj<skd
lsishï nvqjla fidnkd
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
50
ls%hdldrlu 3
mska;+rhg .e<fmk lrk foa my; fldgqfjka f;dard ysia ;eka
mqrjkak'
Wfoka u ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
uÈkjd" lkjd" ke.sákjd" fidaokjd
o;a ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
uqyqK ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
lEu '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
51
ls%hdldrlu 4
rEm n,d l;kaorh lshkak" ,shkak'
52
53
nÿ¨ .uk
13
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' nÿ¨ hEu i|yd meñ‚fha fldfyag o@
2' Yío úldYk hka;%fhka oekqï ÿkafka fudkjd o@
3' kx.S igyka fmdf;a ,shd .;af;a fudkjd o@
54
4' ÿïßh kshdul udud fld< fldähla jkkafka wehs@
5' ?g úÿ,s mkaoï t<sj,ska ix{d fokafka wehs@
ls%hdldrlu 2
ixfla;hg .e<fmk úia;rh my; fldgqfjka f;dard ,shkak'
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
55
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
ls%hdldrlu 3
mdvfuka Wmqgd .;a my; i`oyka mo ia;S% ,sx." mqreI ,sx.
jYfhka fjka fldg ,shkak'
^;d;a;d" kx.S" wdÉÑ wïud" wïud" whshd" wd;d" ÿj" mq;d&
ia;S% ,sx. mqreI ,sx.
jeisls<sh" ÿrl:k Ndú;h ;ykï" ÿïßh f.aÜgqj"
wdmK Yd,dj" li< n÷kg oukak
56
ls%hdldrlu 4
mdvfï we;=<;a mqoa., kdu" ia:dk kdu yd øjH kdu 5 ne.ska
fjka fldg ,shkak'
mqoa., kdu
ia:dk kdu
øjH kdu
57
wYaj meáhd
14
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' wYaj meáhdf.a msg Wv ;snqfKa fudkjd o@
2' f.daKd lrñka isáfha l=ula o@
3' .fÕka tf.dv fjkak mq¿jka nj lsjqfõ ljqo@
58
4' .Õ .eUqre nj lsjqfõ ljqo@
5' wYaj meáhd .Õg fkdneiafia wehs@
ls%hdldrlu 2
i;=kaf.a kï mdvfuka f;dard ,shkak'
59
ls%hdldrlu 3
.e<fmk fonia mdvfuka f;dard ,shkak'
mq;d fuÉpr blaukg .sys,a,;a
wdjd o@
wfmdhs
fudlo neß" Thdg fmakafk
keoao .Õ tÉpr .eUqre ke;s
nj
60
ls%hdldrlu 4
fmd; iy mekai, w;r fonila f.dv k.kak
b;sx fldfydu o hd¿fõ @
wehs tfyu
lshkafka @
61
tfykï wms huq'
62
w. uq, fijQ yeá
15
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' ñhq¨ kqjr rc;=udf.a ku l=ula o@
2' ufy!IO l=uref.a uõmshkaf.a kï ,shkak
3' rc;=ud ufy!IO l=udrhdf.a kqjK mÍlaId lsÍug tjQfha
l=ula o@
63
4' ufy!IO l=ure lsysß oKafâ w. uq, fijQ wdldrh
,shkak'
ls%hdldrlu 2
uq,ska we;s mohg úreoaO woyi fok moh f;dard hd lrkak'
jerÈ fyñka
iudk uq,
blauka W;a;r
w. wiudk
m%Yak ksjerÈ
64
ls%hdldrlu 3
jpkj, f;areu .fiys we;s fldgqj,ska f;dard ,shkak'
1' ìß| ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' mÍlaId lrkjd ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' n÷k ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' m%lg ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5' Èh ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
6' ksfhda.h ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
m%isoaO
Ndckh
fidhd n,kjd
j;=r wK
Nd¾hdj
65
ls%hdldrlu 4
j,dl=f<ys we;s moj,ska mK we;s wh y÷kajk mo 1 rEmfha o
mK ke;s foaj,a y÷kajk mo 2 rEmfha o ,shkak'
1 rEmh
mK ke;s
2 rEmh
rc;=ud"
;E.s" foaúh" ,Kqj"
.ïjeisfhda" meka n÷k"
lsysß oKav"
l=ure"
mK we;s
66
wyiska .sh fidfydhqfrda
16
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' .=jka hdkh uq,ska u ks¾udKh lf<a ljqreka o@
2' .=jka hdkh ;ekSfï wmQre is;=ú,a, Tjqkaf.a is;g
we;=¿ ùug n,mE fya;=j l=ula o@
3' c¾uka cd;slhd ;ekQ by< hd yels hka;%h ìu jegqfKa
wehs@
wyiska .sh fidfydhqfrda
67
wyiska .sh fidfydhqfrda
16
² wjfndaOh
mdvu lshjd W;a;r ,shkak'
1' .=jka hdkh uq,ska u ks¾udKh lf<a ljqreka o@
2' .=jka hdkh ;ekSfï wmQre is;=ú,a, Tjqkaf.a is;g
we;=¿ ùug n,mE fya;=j l=ula o@
3' c¾uka cd;slhd ;ekQ by< hd yels hka;%h ìu jegqfKa
wehs@
4' ñksfil= /.;a .=jka hdkhla .=jkg .sh m<uq Èkh
ljod o@
5' fuu mdvfuka .; yels wdo¾Y folla ,shkak'
ls%hdldrlu 2
mdvu lshjd my; i|yka jpkj, ysia;eka mqrjkak'
^k" K" ," < wl=re fhdod&
ks¾ud h
ud ld h
by wyi
ish . la
oï je
jev fmd
ks OdÍyq
; ìu
68
ls%hdldrlu 3
my; i|yka jdlH ,shk nig yrjd ,shkak'
1' .=jka hdkh wyfia mshdir lrkjd' _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2' .=jka hdkd wyfia mshdir lrkjd'_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3' c¾uka cd;slhd hka;%hla yokjd' _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
4' rhsÜ ifydaorfhda .=jka hdkhla yokjd' __________________________________________________________________________________________
5' uu W;aidyfhka ch .kakjd'__________________________________________________________________________________________
6' wms W;aidyfhka ch .kakjd'__________________________________________________________________________________________
69
2 fY%aKsfha isg 3 fY%aKshg msúfik orejdg isxy, wlaIr ud,dfõ wlaIr o" tA
wlaIr iu. fhfok ms,s o y`ÿkajd § we;s w;r" ta wlaIr yd ms,s fhÿKq jpk
lshùug;a" tn`ÿ jpk fhÿKq jdlH lshùug;a u. fmkaùula ,nd § we;' jpk
iuia;hla f,i y`ÿkd f.k laIKslj lshùfï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu fuka u
ijka §u" l:kh" ,sùu wdÈ wfkl=;a NdId ld¾hhkays kshef,ñka iajlSh NdId
l=i,;d ÈhqKq lr .ekSug orejka fhduq l< hq;= h'
3 fYa%Ksh kj úIh ks¾foaYdkql+,j ilia lr we;s fuu isxy, jev fmd; orejkag
wjfndaOfhka hq;=j lshùug;a ,sùfï yelshdj j¾Okhg;a u. fmkajhs' ta i`oyd
orejkaf.a wjfndaO yelshdj j¾Okh lrk wdldrfha ls%hdldrlï jev fmdf;a
we;=<;a lr we;' tfia u úIh ks¾foaYfha i`oyka lr we;s ksmqK;d iy bf.kqï
m, idlaId;a lr .ekSu i`oyd WmldÍ jk ls%hdldrlï iy wNHdi iuQyhlska o
fuh iukaú; fõ' fuys ls%hdldrlï iy wNHdi ilia lr we;af;a isxy, lshùï
fmdf;a mdvï iy úIh ks¾foaYfha i|yka ksmqK;d mokï lrf.k h' fuu
ls%hdldrlï iy wNHdij, ksr; ùug orejkag wjia:dj ie,iSu u.ska orejkaf.a
wjfndaO yelshdj iy ,sùfï yelshdj we;=¿ NdId yelshd j¾Okh jkq we;ehs
wfmalaId flf¾'
b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh i|yd fuu jev fmd; .=rejrhdg w;aje,la imhkq we;' tfuka
u bf.kqï ls%hdj,sfha § orejdg ksoyia lshjkakl= njg m;a ùug o m%dfhda.sl iy
ks¾udKd;aul ,sùfï yelshdj j¾Okh lr .ekSug o wjYH bf.kqï wjia:d Wod
lr fokq we;'
.=re Wmfoia