IT - Ch#1

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By:RahmaAlhajri

I.TChapter #1

Monday, December 3, 12

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Computer

Computer (computing device):-An electronic device which acceptdata as an input process/manipulate & gives information on

output & store it away for further useto communicate.


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Data & Information

Data Raw Facts

Numbers

Text

Images

Sound

Videos

Symbols

Characters

Information Processed data

Numbers

Text

Images

Sound

Videos

Symbols

Characters


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Computer Components1.People.

-Uses & professionals / developers.

2.Hardware.

-Physical mechanical electronic components attached tocomputer to which we can see & touch.

1. Input/Output devices.

2.Processing devices.

3.Storage devices.3.Software.

-Step by step instruction, programs & codes which tellscomputer hardware how to work. which we can see but nottouch.

* People + Hardware + Software = Communication.Monday, December 3, 12

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Hardware

Input

Mic

barcode reader

Keyboard

Mouse

Joystick

Webcam

Scanners

Sensors

Touchpad

...etc

Output

Speakers

Printer

Projector

Monitor

...etc

1.


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Hardware

Processing device.

e.g. CPU (Central Processing Unit).

Storage.

A device that stores information. e.g. RAM, CD, Flash

1.Primary Storage (memory)

a) Temporary memory.

b) Volatile memory. (if power goes off all data will be vanished)

2.Secondary Storage (memory)

a) Permanent memory.

b) Non-Vo. (non-Volatile)

2.

3.


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Communication devices

Through which it communicate with otherComputer.

E.g:.Modem

.NC

.Bluetooth


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Types of Computer

1. Micro Controller.

2. Micro Computer.

3. Hand-held Computer.

4. Mainframes.

5. Super Computer.


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Types of Software

1. Application Software: specific task

Educational. (Microsoft Office , Photoshop)

Entertainment. (Games)

Homedecoration. (Autocade)

Research.

Communications. (Browsers, Youtube, Facebook)

Security/Privacy. (Anti-virus, Firewall)

Business. (Microsoft Office)


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Types of Software

2. System Software:- which enables Application software to work.

(without System software, Application software will Not Work)

Types of System Software:

1.Operating System. (Macintosh, Windows,Cos,Unicos,Linux,Unix)

2. Language translator.

3.Utility Programs.


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Types of Software

1.Operating System:A Master set of programs which perform certainoperations/ functions.

All computing devices have its own operating system depending upon its nature

& configuration.

E.g.: Cray super computer use Cos and Unicos operating system .Apple computer devices use its own Macintosh operating system.

Now a days, IBM, Toshiba, Acer, HP, DELL, use Linux, Unix, and Microsoft

windows.


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Types of Software

2.Utility Programs:Are the programs provided by the Manufacture.i.e error checking programs ,maintenance applications.

3.Language translator:The software which translate data into information.

e.g. 1) Inter-pretor.2) Compiler. / complier use binary system.


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CPU

CPU (Central Processing Unit)- a component (electronic) which process data into

information.

it has 3 Units:

1.Control Unit:An electronic part which controls the flowinstruction during processing.

2.ALU: it perform certain operation:1.Arithmetic Operation.(+,-,,). 2.Logical Operation.(,=,)

2.Register:a temporary memory on CPU chip which storeinstruction during processing.


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Computer Literacy

Awareness.Knowledge.

Interaction.


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Machine Cycle

(How CPU works)C.U A.L.U

2. Decode

1. Fetch

3. Execute

4. Store

Main MemoryOutputInput

Instructio

nTime

(i-Tim

e)

Execu

tionTime

(e-Time)

Register


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Machine Cycle

(How CPU works)Steps:1. CPU will fetch data from Main Memory.

2.CU will decode data into machine language.(Step 1 & 2 is known as Instruction-Time)

3.ALU will perform operation & CU will execute.

4.CU will store result in register.(Step 3 & 4 is known as Execution-Time)


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Speed of Processor

*Speed of processor or Machine Cycle = (i-Time + E-Time)

E.g. Speed of Computer = 1GHz (hertz) = represent 1 Cycle

Bit = Either 0 or 1.Byte = 8 bits.KB = 1024 bytes.

MB = 1024 x 106

{ 1024 kb}GB = 1024 x 109 { 1024 mb}

TB = { 1024 Gb}


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Block Diagram of Computer


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RahmaAhmedAlhajri

The EndChapter #1

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IT - Ch#1