ITALIC Latin Pfvhrases

8/9/2019 ITALIC Latin Pfvhrases

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Latin Translation

a caelo usque ad centrum "from the sky to the center"

a capite ad calcem "from head to heel"

a contrario "from the opposite"

A Deo rex,a rege lex "The king from God,The law from king."a Deucalione "since Deucalion"

ad majorem Dei gloriam "for the greater glory of God"

a fortiori "from the stronger"

a mari usque ad mare "from sea to sea"

a pedibus usque ad caput "from feet to head"

a posse ad esse "from being able to being"

a posteriori "from the latter"

a priori "from the former"

ab absurdo "from the absurd"

ab abusu ad usum non valet consequentia "a consequence from an abuse to a use is

ab aeterno "from the eternal"

ab antiquo "from the ancient"

ab extra "from beyond"

ab hinc "from here on"

ab imo pectore "from the bottom of my heart"

ab inconvenienti "from an inconvenient thing"

ab incunabulis "from the cradle"

ab initio "from the beginning"

ab intestato "from an intestate"ab intra "from within"

ab irato "from an angry man"

ab origine "from the source"

ab uno disce omnes "from one, learn all"

ab urbe condita (a.u.c.) "from the founding of the city"

ab utili "from utility"

absens haeres non erit "an absent person will not be an heir"

absente reo (abs. re.) "with the defendant being absent"

absit iniuria verbis "let injury by words be absent"

absit invidia "let ill will be absent"

absit omen "let an omen be absent"

absolutum dominium "absolute dominion"

absolvo " acquit"

abundans cautela non nocet "abundant caution does no harm"

abusus non tollit usum "misuse does not remove use"

accusare nemo se debet nisi coram Deo "no one ought to accuse himself e!cept in

acta est fabula plaudite "The play has been performed applaud#"

Acta Sanctorum "Deeds of the $aints"

actus reus "guilty act"ad absurdum "to the absurd"



adaequatio intellectûs nostri cum re "conformity of our minds to the fact"

ad abundantiam "to abundance"

ad astra "to the stars"

ad captandum vulgus "in order to court the crowd"

ad eundem"to the same"

ad fontes "to the sources"

ad fundum "to the bottom"

ad hoc "to this"

ad hominem "to the man"

ad honorem "to the honor"

ad infinitum "to in%nity"

ad interim (ad int) "for the meantime"

ad alendas !raecas "to the Greek &alends"

ad libitum (ad lib) "toward pleasure"

ad litem "to the lawsuit"ad maiorem Dei gloriam (A"D!) "To the greater glory of God"

ad multos annos "To many years#"

ad nauseam "to the point of disgust"

ad oculos "'ith your own eyes."

ad pedem litterae "to the foot of the letter"

ad perpetuam memoriam "to the perpetual memory"

ad pondus omnium (ad pond om) "to the weight of all things"

ad quod damnum "to what damage"

ad referendum "to that which must be brought back"(ad ref)

ad rem "to the matter"

ad undas "to the waves"

ad usum Delphini "for the use of the Dauphin"

ad usum proprium (ad us. propr.) "for one(s own use"

ad valorem "to the value"

ad victoriam "to victory"

ad vitam aeternam "to eternal life"

ad vitam aut culpam "for life or until fault"

addendum "thing to be added"adequatio intellectus et rei "correspondence of the mind and reality"

adsum " am here"

adversus solem ne loquitor "Don(t speak against the sun"

aequitas ")ustice, or equality."

aetatis suae "of his own age"

affidavit "he asserted"

age quod agis "Do what you are doing."

agenda "things to be done"

Agnus Dei "*amb of God"alea iacta est "the dice is cast"



alias "otherwise"

alibi "elsewhere"

alis aquilae "on eagles wings"

Aliquantus "+ather big"

Aliquantulus"ot that big"

aliquid stat pro aliquo "something that stands for something els

alma mater "nourishing mother"

alter ego "other "

alterius non sit qui suus esse potest "*et no man belong to another that can b

alterum non laedere "to not wound another"

alumna or "pupil"

alumnus

amicus curiae "friend of the court"

amiterre legem terrae "to lose the law of the land"

amor et melle et felle est fecundissmismus "love is rich with both honey and venom"Amor fati "love of fate"

amor omnibus idem "love is the same for all"

amor vincit omnia "love conquers all"

anno (an.) "in the year"

Anno Domini (A.D.) "in the -ear of the *ord"

anno regni "n the year of the reign"

annus horribilis "horrible year"

annus mirabilis "wonderful year"

annus terribilis "dreadful year"ante bellum "before the war"

ante cibum (a.c.) "before food"

ante litteram "before the letter"

ante mortem "before death"

apparatus criticus "critical apparatus"

aqua (aq.) "water"

aqua fortis "strong water"

aqua pura "pure water"

aqua regia "royal water"

aqua vitae "water of life"arbiter elegantiarum "judge of tastes"

arcus senilis "senile bow"

Argentum album "white money"

arguendo "for arguing"

argumentum "argument"

ars celare artem "art is/ to conceal art"

ars gratia artis "art for art(s sake"

ars longa vita brevis "art is long, life is short"

Auctoritas "authority"audentes fortuna iuvat "fortune favors the bold"



audere est facere "to dare is to do"

audi alteram partem "hear the other side"

auri sacra fames "accursed hunger for gold"

auribus teneo lupum " hold a wolf by the ears"

aut #aesar aut nihil"either 0aesar or nothing"

aut concilio aut ense "either by meeting or by the sword"

aut pax aut bellum "either peace or war"

aut vincere aut mori "either to conquer or to die"

ave atque vale "1ail and farewell#"

Ave #aesar morituri te salutant "1ail, 0aesar# The ones who are about to

ave $uropa nostra vera %atria "1ail, 2urope, our true 3atherland#"

Ave "aria "1ail, 4ary"

&eata 'irgo "aria (&'") "5lessed 6irgin 4ary"

beatae memoriae "of blessed memory"beati pauperes spiritu "5lessed in spirit are/ the poor."

beati possidentes "blessed are/ those who possess"

bella gerant alii "let others wage war"

bellum omnium contra omnes "war of all against all"

bis dat qui cito dat "he gives twice, who gives promptly"

bis in die (bid) "twice in a day"

bona fide "in good faith"

bona notabilia 7

bona officia "good services"bona patria 7

bona vacantia "vacant goods"

boni pastoris est tondere pecus non deglu "t is of a good shepherd to shear his 8ock

bonum commune communitatis "common good of the community"

bonum commune hominis "common good of a man"

busillis 7

cacoethes scribendi "bad habit of writing"

cadavera vero innumera "truly countless bodies"

calix meus inebrians "my cup makes me drunk"camera obscura "dark chamber"

caput inter nubila (condit) "head in the clouds"

carpe noctem "sei9e the night"

#arthago delenda est "0arthage must be destroyed"

casus belli "event of war"

causa mortis "cause of death"

cave laborem "beware of work"

caveat emptor "let the buyer beware"

caveat lector "let the reader beware"caveat venditor "let the seller beware"



caveat utilitor "let the user beware"

certum est quod certum reddi potest "t is certain if it is capable of being rende

cessante ratione legis cessat ipsa lex "'hen the reason for the law ceases, the l

cetera desunt "the rest are missing"

ceteris paribus"with other things equal"

charta pardonationis se defendendo "a paper of pardon to him who defended h

charta pardonationis utlagariae "a paper of pardon to the outlaw"

#hristo et Doctrinae "3or 0hrist and *earning"

#hristus ex "0hrist the &ing"

circa (c.) or (ca.) "around"

circulus vitiosus "vicious circle"

civis omanus sum " am a +oman citi9en

#lamea admittenda in itinere per atturnatum

clausum fregit

claves Sancti %etri "the keys of $aint :eter"clavis aurea "Golden key"

clerico admittendo "about to be made a clerk"

clerico capto per statutum mercatorum

clerico convicto commisso gaolae in defectu ordinarii deliberando

clerico intra sacros ordines constituto non eligendo in officium

#odex uris #anonici "5ook of 0anon *aw"

cogito ergo sum " think, therefore am."

coitus more ferarum "congress in the way of beasts"

communibus annis "in common years"communibus locis "in common places"

communis opinio "generally accepted view"

compos mentis "in control of the mind"

concordia salus "salvation through harmony"

condemnant quod non intellegunt "They condemn what they do not underst

condicio sine qua non "condition without which not"

confer (cf.) "bring together"

#onfoederatio *elvetica (#.*.) "1elvetian 0onfederation"

coniunctis viribus "with connected strength"

#onsuetudo pro lege servatur "0ustom is kept before the law"consummatum est "t is completed."

contemptus saeculi "scorn for the times"

contra spem spero "hope against hope"

contradictio in terminis "contradiction in terms"

contraria contrariis curantur "the opposite is cured with the opposite"

contra bonos mores "against good morals"

contra legem "against the law"

cor ad cor loquitur "heart speaks to heart"

coram Deo "in the :resence of God"coram populo "in the presence of the people"



coram nobis, coram vobis "in our presence", "in your presence"

#orpus #hristi "5ody of 0hrist"

corpus delicti "body of the o=ence"

#orpus uris #anonici "5ody of 0anon *aw"

#orpus uris #ivilis"5ody of 0ivil *aw"

corpus vile "worthless body"

corrigenda "things to be corrected"

corruptio optimi pessima "the corruption of the best is the worst"

#orruptissima re publica plurimae leges "'hen the republic is at its most corrupt t

#ras amet qui nunquam amavit+ quique am"4ay he love tomorrow who has never lov

credo quia absurdum est " believe it because it is absurd"

cui bono "Good for whom?"

cui prodest "for whom it advances"

cuius est solum eius est usque ad coelum "'hose the land is, all the way to the sky

cuius regio, eius religio "whose region, his religion"#uiusvis hominis est errare, nullius nisi in "@nyone can err, but only the fool persists

culpa "fault"

cum gladiis et fustibus "with swords and clubs"

cum grano salis "with a grain of salt"

cum laude "with praise"

cum mortuis in lingua mortua "with the dead in a dead language"

cura personalis "care for the whole person"

cura te ipsum "take care of your own self"

curriculum vitae "course of life"custos morum "keeper of morals"

damnatio memoriae "damnation of memory"

damnum absque injuria "damage without injury"

data venia "with due respect" or "given the e!cuse"

de bonis asportatis "carrying goods away"

Decus $t utamen "@n ornament and a safeguard"

de dato "of the date"

de facto "in fact"

de fideli "with faithfulness"de futuro "regarding the future"

de gustibus non est disputandum "there is not to be discussion regarding ta

de integro "again" or "a second time"

de jure "by law"

de lege ferenda "from law to be passed"

de lege lata "from law passed" or "by law in force"

de minimis non curat praetor "The commander does not bother with the

de mortuis aut bene aut nihil "about the dead, either well or nothing"

de mortuis nil nisi bonum "about the dead, nothing unless a good thde nobis fabula narratur "about us is the story told"



de novo "from the new"

de omni re scibili et quibusdam aliis "about every knowable thing, and even ce

De -ppresso iber "3ree 3rom 1aving 5een Appressed"

de profundis "from the depths"

de re"about the matter"

Dei !ratia egina "5y the Grace of God, Bueen"

delectatio morosa "peevish delight"

deliriant isti omani "They are mad, those +omans#"

Deo gratias "thanks be/ to God"

Deo -ptimo "aximo (D-") "To the 5est and Greatest God"

Deo vindice "with God as protector"

Deo volente "with God willing"

deus ex machina "a god from a machine"

Deus vult "God wills it#"

Dicto simpliciter "3rom/ a ma!im, simply"dictum meum pactum "my word is/ my bond"

diem perdidi " have lost the day"

Dies rae "Day of 'rath"

differentia specifica "speci%c di=erences"

dirigo " direct"

dis aliter visum "it seemed otherwise to the gods"

dis manibus sacrum (D.".S.) "$acred to the ghost>gods"

divide et impera "divide and rule"

dixi " have spoken"do ut des " give that you may give"

Docendo disco, scribendo cogito learn by teaching, think by writing.

Domine dirige nos "*ord guide us"

Dominus illuminatio mea "the *ord is my light"

Dominus vobiscum "*ord be with you"

dona nobis pacem "give us peace"

donatio mortis causa "giving in e!pectation of death"

dramatis personae "the parts of the play"

Duae tabulae rasae in quibus nihil scriptu "Two minds, not one single thought"

Ductus exemplo "*eadership by 2!ample"dum spiro spero "while breathe, hope"

dum oma deliberat Saguntum perit "while +ome debates, $aguntum is in dan

dura lex sed lex "the law is/ harsh, but it is/ the law"

dura mater "tough mother"

dum vita est, spes est while there is life, there is hope

e pluribus unum "3rom many, ;comes< Ane."

editio princeps "%rst edition"

e.g. "for the sake of e!ample"ego te absolvo " absolve you"



ego te provoco " dare you"

ens causa sui "e!isting because of oneself"

eo ipso "by that very act"

eo nomine "by that name"

ergo"therefore"

erga omnes "in relation to everyone"

errare humanum est "to err is human"

erratum "error"

esse quam videri "to be, rather than to seem"

esto perpetua "let it be perpetual"

et alibi (et al.) "and elsewhere"

et alii (et al.) "and others"

et cetera (etc.) or (/c.) "@nd the rest"

et hoc genus omne "@nd all that sort of thing"

et in Arcadia ego "and in @rcadia am/ "et nunc reges intelligite erudimini qui judic "@nd now, kings, understandC be instructe

et sequentes (et seq.) "and the following"

ex abundantia enim cordis os loquitur "for out of an abundance of the heart, th

ex abundanti cautela "from abundant caution"

ex aequo "from the equal"

ex animo "from the heart"

ex ante "from before"

ex cathedra "from the chair"

ex Deo "from God"ex dolo malo "from fraud"

ex facie "from the face"

ex gratia "from kindness"

ex h0pothesi "from the hypothesis"

ex lege "from the law"

ex libris "from the books"

ex nihilo nihil fit "nothing may come from nothing"

ex officio "from the oce"

ex opere operato "from the work that worked"

ex oriente lux "from the 2ast, the light"ex parte "from a part"

ex post "from after"

ex post facto "from a thing done afterward"

ex silentio "from silence"

ex tempore "from time"

ex vi termini "from the force of the term"

ex vivo "out of or from life"

ex voto "from the vow"

excelsior "higher"exceptio firmat regulam in casibus non ex "The e!ception con%rms the rule in cases



excusatio non petita accusatio manifesta "an e!cuse that has not been sought is an

exeat "let him leave"

exempli gratia (e.g.) "for the sake of e!ample"

exercitus sine duce corpus est sine spiritu "an army without leader is like a body wit

exeunt"they leave"

exit "he leaves"

experimentum crucis "crucial e!periment"

experto crede "trust the e!pert"

expressio unius est exclusio alterius "the e!pression of the one is the e!clusion

$xtra $cclesiam 1ulla Salus "o $alvation Autside the 0hurch"

$xtra omnes "@ll away"

extra territorium jus dicenti impune non pa "he who administers justice outside of his

2aber est suae quisque fortunae "2very man is the artisan of his own fortu

fac simile "make a similar thing"falsus in unum, falsus in omnibus "false in one thing, false in everything"

felo de se "felon from himself"

fere libenter homines id quod volunt credu "as a rule, men willingly believe that whic

festina lente "hurry slowly"

fiat iustitia et pereat mundus "let justice be done, even should the worl

fiat justitia ruat caelum "let justice be done should the sky fall"

fiat lux "let light be made"

2iat 'oluntas Dei "4ay God(s will be done"

2idei Defensor (2id Def) or (fd) "Defender of the 3aith"fides qua creditur "the faith by which it is believed"

fides quae creditur "the faith which is believed"

fides quaerens intellectum "faith seeking understanding"

fidus Achates "faithful @chates"

finis vitae sed non amoris "The end of *ife is not the end of *ove"

flagellum dei "scourge of god"

flectere si nequeo superos, Achaeronta m "f cannot move heaven will raise hell"

floruit "one 8ourished"

fons et origo "the spring and source"

fortes fortuna adiuvat "fortune favours the brave"fortis est veritas "truth is strong"

gaudium in veritate "joy in truth"

generalia specialibus non derogant "universal things do not detract from spec

genius loci "spirit of place"

!loria in $xcelsis Deo "Glory to God in the 1eights"

gloriosus et liber "glorious and free"

graviora manent "heavier things remain"

gutta cavat lapidem non vi sed saepe cade "a drop hollows a stone not by force, but b



habeas corpus "you may have the body"

habemus papam "we have a pope"

hac lege "with this law"

haec olim meminisse iuvabit "one day, this will be pleasing to rememb

haud ignota loquor " speak not of unknown things"

hic abundant leones "here lions abound"

hic et nunc "here and now"

hic manebimus optime "here we(ll stay e!cellently"

hic sunt dracones "here there are dragons"

hic sunt leones "here there are lions"

hinc illae lacrimae "hence those tears"

historia vitae magistra "history, the teacher of life"

homo homini lupus "man is a/ wolf to man"

homo sum humani a me nihil alienum puto " am a human being nothing human is st

homo unius libri (timeo) "; fear< a man of one book"honeste vivere "to live virtuously"

honor virtutis praemium "esteem is the reward of virtue"

honoris causa "for the sake of honor"

hora somni (h.s.) "at the hour of sleep"

hortus in urbe "@ garden in the city"

horribile dictu "horrible to say"

hostis humani generis "enemy of the human race"

h0potheses non fingo " do not fabricate hypotheses"

ibidem (ibid.) "in the same place"

id est (i.e.) "that is"

idem (id.) "the same"

idem quod (i.q.) "the same as"

esus 1a3arenus ex udaeorum (1) ")esus of a9areth, &ing of the )ews"

igne natura renovatur integra "through %re, nature is reborn whole"

igni ferroque "with %re and iron"

ignis aurum probat "%re tests gold"

gitur qui desiderat pacem, praeparet bell "f you desire peace, prepare for war"

ignoratio elenchi "ignorance of the issue"ignotum per ignotius "unknown by means of the more unknown

ignotus (ign.) "unknown"

llegitimi non carborundum "Don(t let the bastards grind you down"

imago Dei "image of God"

imitatio dei "imitation of a god"

imperium in imperio "an order within an order"

imperium sine fine "an empire without an end"

imprimatur "let it be printed"

in absentia "in the absence"in actu "in act"



in articulo mortis "at the point of death"

in camera "in the chamber"

in casu "in the event"

in Deo speramus "in God we hope"

in dubio pro reo"in doubt, on behalf of the alleged/ culpri

in duplo "in double"

in effigie "in the likeness"

in esse "in e!istence"

in extenso "in the e!tended"

in extremis "in the furthest reaches"

in fidem "into faith"

in fieri "in becoming"

in fine (i.f.) "in the end"

nfinitus est numerus stultorum. "n%nite is the number of fools."

in flagrante delicto "in a bla9ing wrong", "while the crime is blin flore "in blossom"

in foro "in forum"

in girum imus nocte et consumimur igni "'e enter the circle at night and are cons

in hoc signo vinces "by this sign you will conquer"

in hunc effectum "for this purpose"

in illo tempore "in that time"

in limine "at the outset"

in loco "in the place"

in loco parentis "in the place of a parent"in manus tuas commendo spiritum meum "into your hands entrust my spirit"

in medias res "into the middle of things"

in memoriam "into the memory"

in necessariis unitas, in dubiis libertas, in "in necessary things unity, in doubtful thin

in nuce "in a nut"

n omnibus requiem quaesivi, et nusquam "2verywhere have searched for peace an

in partibus infidelium "in the parts of the in%dels"

in pectore "in the heart"

in personam "into a person"

in posse "in potential"in propria persona "in one(s own person"

in rerum natura "in the nature of things"

in retentis "among things held back"

in saeculo "in the times"

in salvo "in safety"

in situ "in the place"

n specialibus generalia quaerimus "To seek the general in the speci%cs"

in statu nascendi "in the state of being born"

in toto "in all"in triplo "in triple"



in vino veritas "in wine there is/ truth"

in vitro "in glass"

in vivo "in life" or "in a living thing"

incredibile dictu "incredible to say"

ndex ibrorum %rohibitorum"nde! of 3orbidden 5ooks"

infra dignitatem (infra dig) "beneath one(s dignity"

instante mense (inst.) "in the present month"

inter alia "among other things"

inter alios "among others"

inter arma enim silent leges "n the face of arms, the law falls mute,"

inter spem et metum "between hope and fear"

inter vivos "between the living"

intra vires "within the powers"

ipsa scientia potestas est "knowledge itself is power"

ipse dixit "he himself said it"ipsissima verba "the very words themselves"

ipso facto "by the fact itself"

ra Deorum "'rath of the Gods"

ita vero "thus indeed"

ite missa est "go, the things have been sent"

iter faciamus "+oad trip#"

iura novit curia "the court knows the laws"

juris ignorantia est cum jus nostrum igno "it is ignorance of the law when we do not jus accrescendi "right of accrual"

jus ad bellum "law towards war"

jus cogens "compelling law"

jus in bello "law in war"

jus primae noctis "law of the %rst night"

lapsus linguae "slip of the tongue"

lapsus memoriae "slip of memory"

laus Deo "praise be to God"

lectori salutem "greetings reader"

lege artis "according to the law of the art"legem terrae "the law of the land"

leges humanae nascuntur, vivunt, et moriu "laws of man are born, live and die"

legitime "lawfully"

lex artis "law of the skill"

lex ferenda "the law that should be borne"

lex lata "the law that has been borne"

lex loci "law of the place"

lex non scripta "law that has not been written"

lex rex "the law is/ king"lex scripta "written law"



lex talionis "the law of retaliation"

ibertas 4ustitia 'eritas "*iberty )ustice Truth"

ibertas 5uae Sera amen "freedom which is/ however late"

libra (lb) "scales"

loco citato (lc)"in the place cited"

locus classicus "a classic place"

locus minoris resistentiae "place of less resistance"

lorem ipsum 7

luceat lux vestra "*et your light shine"

luctor et emergo " struggle and emerge"

lucus a non lucendo "it is/ a grove by not being light"

lupus in fabula "the wolf in the story"

lux et lex "light and law"

lux et veritas "light and truth"

lux hominum vita "life the light of men"lux sit "let there be light"

magister dixit "the master has said it"

"agna #arta "Great :aper"

magna cum laude "with great praise"

"agna $uropa est %atria 1ostra "Great 2urope is Aur 3atherland"

magna est vis consuetudinis "great is the power of habit"

magno cum gaudio "with great joy"

magnum opus "great work"maiora premunt "greater things are pressing"

mala fide "in bad faith"

mala tempora currunt "bad times are upon us"

male captus bene detentus "wrongly captured, properly detained"

"alo periculosam libertatem quam quietu " prefer liberty with danger to peace with

malum quo communius eo peius "the more common an evil is, the worse it

malum in se "wrong in itself"

malum prohibitum "wrong due to being prohibited"

manu militari "with a military hand"

manu propria (m.p.) "with one(s own hand"manus celer Dei "the swift hand of God"

manus manum lavat "one hand washes the other"

mare clausum "closed sea"

mare liberum "free sea"

mare nostrum "our sea"

materfamilias "the mother of the family"

materia medica "medical matter"

me vexat pede "it annoys me at the foot"

"ea #ulpa "4y 3ault""edia vita in morte sumus "n the midst of our lives we die"



memento mori "remember that you will/ die"

memento vivere "a reminder of life"

memores acti prudentes futuri "mindful of what has been done, aware of

mens agitat molem "the mind moves the mass"

mens rea"guilty mind"

mens sana in corpore sano "a sound mind in a sound body"

meminerunt omnia amantes "lovers remember all"

"iles !loriosus "Glorious $oldier"

mirabile dictu "wonderful to tell"

mirabile visu "wonderful by the sight"

"iscerique probat populos et foedera jung "1e approves of the mingling of the peopl

miserabile visu "terrible by the sight"

miserere nobis "have mercy upon us"

missit me Dominus "the *ord has sent me"

mittimus "we send"mobilis in mobili "moving in a moving thing" or, poetically

modus operandi (".-.) "method of operating"

modus ponens "method of placing"

modus tollens "method of removing"

modus vivendi "method of living"

"ontis nsignia #alpe "5adge of the +ock of Gibraltar"

more ferarum "like beasts"

morituri te salutant "those who are about to die salute thee"

mors tua vita mea "your death, my life"mors vincit omnia "death conquers all" or "death always win

mos maiorum "the custom of our ancestors"

motu proprio "on his own initiative"

multum in parvo "much in little"

mundus vult decipi "the world wants to be deceived"

1asciturus pro iam nato habetur, quotiens "The unborn is deemed to have been born

natura non contristatur "nature is not saddened"

natura non facit saltum ita nec lex "nature does not make a leap, thus neithe

ne plus ultra "nothing more beyond"ne sutor ultra crepidam "0obbler, no further than the sandal#"

nec dextrorsum, nec sinistrorsum "either to the right nor to the left"

nec spe, nec metu "without fear, without hope"

nec temere nec timide "neither reckless nor timid"

neca eos omnes, deus suos agnoscet "kill them all, god will know his own."

nemine contradicente (nem. con.) "with no one speaking against"

nemo dat quod non habet "no one gives what he does not have"

nemo iudex in sua causa "no man shall be a judge in his own cause

nemo nisi per amicitiam cognoscitur "o one learns e!cept by friendship"nemo tenetur seipsum accusare "no one is bound to accuse himself"



nihil ad rem "nothing to do with the point"

nihil dicit "he says nothing"

nihil novi "nothing of the new"

nihil obstat "nothing prevents"

nil admirari"be surprised at nothing"

nil desperandum "nothing must be despaired at"

nil nisi bonum ";about the dead say< nothing unless ;it is

nil nisi malis terrori "no terror, e!cept to the bad"

nil sine numine "nothing without the divine will"

nil volentibus arduum "othing is/ arduous for the willing"

nisi Dominus frustra "if not the *ord, it is/ in vain"

nisi prius "unless previously"

nolens volens "unwilling, willing"

noli turbare circulos meos "Do not disturb my circles#"

nolle prosequi "to be unwilling to prosecute"nolo contendere " do not wish to contend"

nomen dubium "doubtful name"

nomen est omen "the name is a sign"

nomen nescio (1.1.) " do not know the name"

nomen nudum "naked name"

non bis in idem "not twice in the same thing"

non causa pro causa "not the cause for the cause"

non compos mentis "not in control of the mind"

non facias malum ut inde fiat bonum "you should not make evil in order that gnon in legendo sed in intelligendo legis co "the laws depend not on being read, but o

non liquet "it is not proven"

non nobis solum "not for ourselves alone"

non obstante veredicto "not standing in the way of a verdict"

non olet "it doesn(t smell"

non omnis moriar " shall not all die"

non plus ultra "nothing further beyond"

non possumus "not possible"

non progredi est regredi "to not go forward is to go backward"

non prosequitur "he does not proceed"1on scholae sed vitae discimus "'e learn not for school, but for life."

non sequitur "it does not follow"

non serviam " will not serve"

non sum qualis eram " am not such as was"

1on teneas aurum totum quod splendet ut "Do not hold as gold all that shines as gol

non vi, sed verbo "ot through violence, but through the wo

nosce te ipsum "know thyself"

noster nostri "Aur 1earts 5eat @s Ane"

nota bene (n.b.) "mark well"1ovus -rdo Seclorum "ew Arder of the @ges"



1ulla poena sine lege no penalty without a law

nullam rem natam "no thing born"

1ullius in verba "An the word of no man"

nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege "no crime, no punishment without law"

numerus clausus"closed number"

nunc dimittis "now you are sending away"

nunc est bibendum "now is the time to drink"

nunc pro tunc "now for then"

nunc scio quid sit amor "now know what love is"

nunquam minus solus quam cum solus "never less alone than when alone."

- homines ad servitutem paratos "4en %t to be slaves#"

- tempora - mores "A, the times# A, the morals#"

obiit (ob.) "one died"obiter dictum "a thing said in passing"

obscuris vera involvens "the truth being enveloped by obscure thi

obscurum per obscurius "the obscure by means of the more obscu

odi et amo " hate and love"

odium theologicum "theological hatred"

omnes vulnerant, postuma necat or omnes"@ll the hours/ wound, last one kills".

omne ignotum pro magnifico "every unknown thing is taken/ for great"

omnia dicta fortiora si dicta atina "everything said is/ stronger if said in *ati

omnia vincit amor "love conquers all".omne vivum ex ovo "2very living thing is from an egg"

omnia munda mundis "everything is/ pure to the pure men/"

omnia praesumuntur legitime facta donec "all things are presumed to be lawfully do

omnium gatherum "gathering of all"

onus probandi "burden of proof"

onus procedendi "burden of procedure"

opera omnia "all works"

opera posthuma "posthumous works"

opere citato (op. cit.) "in the work that was cited"

operibus anteire "leading the way with deeds"ora et labora "pray and work"

ora pro nobis "pray for us"

oratio directa "direct speech"

oratio obliqua "indirect speech"

orbis non sufficit "the world does not suce"

ordo ab chao "Aut of chaos, comes order"

pace "with peace"

pace tua "with your peace"

pacta sunt servanda "agreements must be kept"palma non sine pulvere "no reward without e=ort"



panem et circenses "bread and circuses"

para bellum "prepare for war"

parens patriae "parent of the nation"

pari passu "with equal step"

parva sub ingenti"the small under the huge"

passim "here and there"

pater familias "father of the family"

%ater %atriae "3ather of the ation"

pater peccavi "father, have sinned"

%atriam fecisti diversis de gentibus unam "3rom di=ering peoples you have made on

pauca sed matura "few, but ripe"

pauca sed bona "few, but good"

pax aeterna "eternal peace"

%ax Aut &ellum ":eace or 'ar"

%ax &ritannica "5ritish :eace"pax Dei "peace of God"

%ax Domine ":eace, lord"

pax et bonum "peace and the good"

pax vobiscum "peace be/ with you"

pecunia, si uti scis, ancilla est+ si nescis, "if you can use money, money is your slav

pendent opera interrupta "the work hangs interrupted"

per "5y, through, by means of"

per annum (p.a.) "through a year"

per aspera ad astra "through hardships to the stars"per capsulam "through the small bo!"

per capita "through the heads"

per contra "through the contrary"

per curiam "through the senate"

per definitionem "through the de%nition"

per diem "through a day"

per mensem "through a month"

per procura (p.p.) or (per pro) "through the agency"

per quod "by reason of which"

per rectum (pr) "through the rectum"per se "through itself"

per stirpes "through the roots"

persona non grata "person not pleasing"

petitio principii "request of the beginning"

pia desideria "pious longings"

pia fraus "pious fraud"

pia mater "pious mother"

pinxit "one painted"

pluralis majestatis "plural of majesty"pollice verso "with a turned thumb"



%ontifex "aximus "Greatest 1igh :riest"

posse comitatus "to be able to attend"

post aut propter "after it or by means of it"

post mortem (pm) "after death"

%ost mortem auctoris (p.m.a.)"after the author(s death"

post prandial "after the time before midday"

post scriptum (p.s.) "after what has been written"

%ost enebras ux, post tenebras spero lu "after darkness, hope for/ light"

%raemonitus praemunitus "forewarned is forearmed"

prima facie "at %rst sight"

prima luce "at dawn"

primus inter pares "%rst among equals"

principia probant non probantur "principles prove they are not proved"

prior tempore potior iure "earlier in time, stronger in law"

pro bono "for the good"pro forma "for form"

pro hac vice "for this occasion"

%ro multis "for many"

pro patria "for country"

pro rata "for the rate"

pro re nata (prn) "for a thing that has been born"

pro se "for oneself"

pro tanto "for so much"

pro tempore "for the time"probatio pennae "testing of the pen"

propria manu (p.m.) "by one(s own hand"

propter vitam vivendi perdere causas "to destroy the reasons for living for the s

proxime accessit "he came ne!t"

proximo mense (prox.) "in the following month"

punctum saliens "leaping point"

quaere "seek"

quaerite primum regnum Dei "seek ye %rst the kingdom of God"

qualis artifex pereo "@s what kind of artist do perish?"quamdiu bene gesserit *egal *atinC "as long as he shall have beha

quantum libet (q.l.) "as much as pleases"

quantum sufficit (qs) "as much as is enough"

quaque hora (qh) "every hour"

quare clausum fregit "wherefore he broke the close"

quater in die (qid) "four times a day"

quem deus vult perdere, dementat prius "'hom the gods would destroy, they %rst

quem di diligunt adulescens moritur "he whom the gods love dies young"

questio quid iuris " ask what law?"qui bono "who with good"



qui pro quo literally qui instead of quo ;medieval *atin

qui tacet consentire videtur "he who is silent is taken to agree"

qui tam pro domino rege quam pro se ipso "he who brings an action for the king as w

qui transtulit sustinet "he who transplanted still sustains"

quia suam uxorem etiam suspiciore vacar"because he should wish even his wife to

quid est veritas "'hat is truth?"

quid pro quo "what for what"

quid nunc "'hat now?"

quidquid atine dictum sit altum videtur "whatever has been said in *atin seems d

quo errat demonstrator "where the prover errs"

quo usque tandem "3or how much longer?"

quo vadis "'here are you going?"

quod erat demonstrandum (5.$.D.) "which was to be demonstrated"

quod erat faciendum (5.$.2) "which was to be done"

quod est (q.e.) "which is"quod gratis asseritur, gratis negatur "what is asserted without reason may be

quod me nutrit me destruit "what nourishes me destroys me"

quod natura non dat Salmantica non praes "what nature does not give, $alamanca do

quod vide (q.v.) "which see"

quomodo vales "how are you?"

quorum "of whom"

quot homines tot sententiae "how many people, so many opinions"

ara avis "+are bird"ratio decidendi "reasoning for the decision"

ratio legis "reasoning of law"

ratione soli "by account of the ground"

re "in/ the matter of"

rebus sic stantibus "with matters standing thus"

recte et fideliter "Epright and 3aithful"

reductio ad absurdum "leading back to the absurd"

reductio ad infinitum "leading back to the in%nite"

repetitio est mater studiorum "repetition is the mother of study"

requiescat in pace (..%.) "let him rest in peace"res gestae "things done"

res ipsa loquitur "the thing speaks for itself"

res judicata "judged thing"

respice adspice prospice "look behind, look here, look ahead"

respice finem "look back at the end"

respondeat superior "let the superior respond"

res nullius "nobody(s thing"

rex regum fidelum et "king even of faithful kings"

rigor mortis "sti=ness of death"oma invicta "Enconquerable +ome



omanes eunt domus "+omanes go the house"

saltus in demonstrando "leap in e!plaining"

salus populi suprema lex esto "the welfare of the people is to be the hig

salva veritate"with truth intact"

Salvator "undi "$avior of the 'orld"

salvo errore et omissione (s.e.e.o.) "save for error and omission"

salvo honoris titulo (S*) "save for title of honor"

Sancta Sedes "1oly 0hair"

Sancta Simplicitas "1oly nnocence"

Sanctum Sanctorum "1oly of 1olies"

sapienti sat "enough for the wise"

scio " know"

seculo seculorum "3orever and 2ver"

sedes apostolica "apostolic chair"sedes incertae seat ;i.e. location< uncertain

sede vacante "with the seat being vacant"

Semper ad meliora "always towards better things"

semper eadem "always the same"

semper excelsius "always higher"

semper fidelis "always faithful"

semper reformanda "always reforming"

Senatus %opulusque omanus (S%5) "The $enate and the :eople of +ome"

sensu stricto cf. stricto sensu "with the tight meaning"Servo %ermaneo &ovis %rovestri "$ave the *ast 5ullet for -ourself"

servus servorum Dei "servant of the servants of God"

s.f. "sub %nem," which see

Si hoc legere scis nimium eruditionis habe"f you can read this, you have too much e

Si tacuisses, philosophus mansisses "f you had kept your silence, you would h

si vales valeo (S'') "if you are well, am well"

si vis pacem para bellum "if you want peace, prepare for war"

sic et non "thus and not"

sic infit "so it begins"

sic itur ad astra "thus you shall go to the stars"sic transit gloria mundi "thus passes the glory of the world"

sic utere tuo ut alienum non laedas "use what is/ yours so as not to harm wh

sic vita est "thus is life"

silentium est aureum "silence is golden"

similia similibus curantur "similar things take care of similar things"

simplex sigillum veri "simplicity is the sign of truth"

sine anno (s.a.) "without a year"

sine die "without a day"

sine ira et studio "without anger and fondness"sine loco (s.l.) "without a place"



sine nomine (s.n.) "without a name"

sine qua non "without which not"

sine scientia ars nihil est "without knowledge, skill is nothing"

sit venia verbo "may there be forgiveness for the word"

sola fide"by faith alone"

sola gratia "by grace alone"

Sola lingua bona est lingua mortua "the only good language is a dead langua

sola scriptura "by scripture alone"

soli Deo gloria (S.D.!.) "glory to God alone"

solus ipse " alone"

spiritus mundi "spirit of the world"

spiritus ubi vult spirat "the spirit spreads wherever it wants"

splendor sine occasu "brightness without setting"

stante pede "with a standing foot"

stare decisis "to stand by the decided things"statim (stat) "immediately"

status quo "the state to which"

status quo ante bellum "let(s pretend this war didn(t happen"

stercus accidit "shit happens"

stricto sensu cf. sensu stricto "with the tight meaning"

stupor mundi "the wonder of the world"

6sub finem "toward the end"

sub judice "under a judge"

sub poena "under penalty"sub rosa "under the rose"

sub specie aeternitatis "under the sight of eternity"

Sub tuum praesidium "5eneath thy compassion"

sub verbo+ sub voce

Sui generis "Af its own kind"

sui iuris "Af one(s own right"

sum quod eris " am what you will be"

summa cum laude "with highest praise"

sunt lacrimae rerum "there are tears for things"

sunt omnes unum "they are all one"suo jure "in one(s own right"

suo moto "upon one(s own initiative"

tabula gratulatoria "congratulatory tablet"

talis qualis "just as such"

taliter qualiter "somewhat"

temet nosce "know thyself"

empora *eroica "1eroic @ge"

tempora mutantur et nos mutamur in illis "the times are changing, and we change itempus edax rerum "time, devourer of all things"



tempus fugit "time 8ees"

tempus rerum imperator "time, commander of all things"

tempus volat hora fugit "time 8ies, the hour 8ees"

terminus ante quem "limit before which"

terra australis incognita"unknown southern land"

terra firma "solid land"

terra incognita "unknown land"

terra nova "new land"

terra nullius "land of none"

terras irradient "let them illuminate the lands"

tertium non datur "a third is not given"

tertium quid "a third something"

translatio imperii "transfer of rule"

reuga Dei "Truce of God"

tu autem "you indeed"tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito "you should not give in to evils, but proc

uberrima fides "most abundant faith"

ubi bene ibi patria "where it is/ well, there is/ the fatherland

ubi libertas ibi patria "where there is/ liberty, there is/ the fat

ubi caritas et amor Deus ibi est "where there is charity and love, God is th

ubi concordia,ibi victoria "where there is a harmony,there is victory

ubi mel ibi apes "where there is/ honey, there are/ bees"

ubi dubium ibi libertas "where there is/ doubt, there is/ freedomubi jus ibi remedium "'here there is/ a right, there is/ a reme

ubi non accusator ibi non iudex "where there is/ no accuser, there is/ no

7bique, quo fas et gloria ducunt "2verywhere, 'here +ight @nd Glory *ead

ubi re vera "when, in a true thing"

ubi solitudinem faciunt pacem appellant "They make a desert and call it peace"

ubi sunt "where are they?"

una hirundo non facit ver "Ane $wallow does not make $ummer"

una salus victis nullam sperare salutem "the only safety for the conquered is to ho

ultima ratio "last method"

ultimo mense (ult.) "in the last month"ultra vires "beyond powers"

uno flatu "in one breath"

unus multorum "one of many"

7rbi et -rbi "To the 0ity and the 0ircle of the lands/"

ut incepit fidelis sic permanet "as she began loyal, so she persists"

ut desint vires tamen est laudanda volunta "though the power be lacking, the will is t

ut infra "as below"

7t proverbium loguitur vetus... "-ou know what they say..."

ut res magis valeat quam pereat "That the matter may have e=ect rather tut retro "as backwards"



ut sit finis litium "$o there might be an end of litigation"

ut supra "as above"

ut tensio sic vis "as the e!tension, so the force"

vade mecum"go with me"

vae victis "'oe to the conquered#"

vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas "vanity of vanities everything is/ vanity"

vaticinium ex eventu "prophecy from the event"

vel non "or not"

'enisti remanebis donec denuo compeltus "3rom whence you came, you shall remain

vera causa "true cause"

verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis va "words are to be understood such that the

verba volant, scripta manent "words 8y away, writings remain"

verbatim "word for word"

verbatim et litteratim "word for word and letter by letter"'erbi divini minister "servant of the divine 'ord"

'erbum Dei "'ord of God"

'erbum sap 8sapienti9 "@ word to the wise"

'erbum sat 8satienti9 "@ word is enough"

veritas odit moras "Truth hates delay"

versus (vs) or (v.) "towards"

veto " forbid"

vi et animo "'ith heart and soul"

via "by the road"vice "in place of"

vice versa "with position turned"

victoria aut mors "6ictory or death#"

victrix causa diis placuit sed victa #atoni "the victorious cause pleased the gods, b

video meliora proboque deteriora sequor " see and approve of the better things, bu

video et taceo " see and keep silent"

video sed non credo " see it, but don(t believe it"

vincit qui se vincit "he conquers who conquers himself"

virtus unita fortior "virtue united is/ stronger"

vis legis "power of the law"visio dei "6ision of a god"

vita ante acta "a life done before"

vita incerta, mors certissima "*ife is uncertain, death is most certain"

vivat crescat floreat "may it live, grow, and 8ourish#"

'ivat ex 4ay the &ing live#"

'ivere est cogitare "To live is to think"

'ivere militare est "To live is to %ght"

'ive ut vivas "live so that you may live"

vocatus atque non vocatus Deus aderit "called and not called, God will be presentvolenti non fit injuria "to one willing, no harm is done" or "to h



vox clamantis in deserto "the voice of one shouting in the desert" ;

vox nihili "voice of nothing"

vox populi "voice of the people"



otesAr "from heaven all the way to the center of the earth". n law, can refer to the obsolete cuius est solum eiu

3rom top to bottom all the way through. 2qually a pedibus usque ad caput.

2quivalent to "on the contrary" or "au contraire". @n argumentum a contrario is an "argument from the con

@ long time ago. 3rom Gaius *ucilius ;$atires, , HIJ<

4otto of the 0rusaders, who were 0hristian knights also the motto of the )esuit order. 3ound on the seal of

*oosely, "even more so" or "with even stronger reason". Aften used to lead from a less certain proposition t

3rom :salm KHCI, "2t dominabitur a mari usque ad mare, et a 8umine usque ad terminos terrae" ;&)6C "1e s

0ompletely. $imilar to the 2nglish e!pressions "from tip to toe" or "from top to toe". 2qually a capite ad calc

"3rom possibility to being" or "from being possible to being actual"

5ased on observation ;i.e., empirical knowledge<, the reverse of a priori. Esed in mathematics and logic to

:resupposed, the reverse of a posteriori. Esed in mathematics and logic to denote something that is known

$aid of an argument that seeks to prove a statement(s validity by pointing out the absurdity of an opponen

nferences regarding something(s use from its misuse are invalid. +ights abused are still rights ;cf. abusus n

*iterally, "from the everlasting" or "from eternity". Thus, "from time immemorial", "since the beginning of ti

3rom ancient times.

@ legal term meaning "from without". 3rom e!ternal sources, rather than from the self or the mind ;ab intra

Aften rendered abhinc ;which in *atin means simply "since" or "ago"<.

4ore literally, "from the deepest chest". @ttributed to )ulius 0aesar. 0an mean "with deepest a=ection" or "

ew *atin for "based on unsuitability", "from inconvenience" or "from hardship". @n argumentum ab inconv

Thus, "from the beginning" or "from infancy". ncunabula is commonly used in 2nglish to refer to the earlies

"@t the outset", referring to an inquiry or investigation. n literature, refers to a story told from the beginnin

3rom someone who dies with no legal will ;cf. e! testamento<.3rom the inside. The opposite of ab e!tra.

5y a person who is angry. Esed in law to describe a decision or action that is detrimental to those it a=ects

3rom the origin, beginning, source, or commencement7i.e., "originally". The source of the word aboriginal.

3rom 6irgil(s @eneid. +efers to situations where a single e!ample or observation indicates a general or univ

+efers to the founding of +ome, which occurred in KMF 50 according to *ivy(s count. Esed as a reference po

Esed of an argument.

n law, refers to the principle that someone who is not present is unlikely to inherit.

n the absence of the accused.

2!presses the wish that no insult or wrong be conveyed by the speaker(s words, i.e., "no o=ense". @lso ren

@lthough similar to the 2nglish e!pression "no o=ense", absit invidia is not a mere social gesture to avoid c

n other words, "let there not be an omen here". 2!presses the wish that something seemingly ill>boding do

Total power or sovereignty.

@ legal term said by a judge acquitting a defendant following a trial. Te absolvo or absolvo te, translated, "

Thus, one can never be too careful even e!cessive precautions don(t hurt anyone.

@n a!iom stating that just because something can be, or has been, abused, does not mean that it must be,

@ legal ma!im denoting that any accused person is entitled to make a plea of not guilty, and also that a wit

@ common ending to ancient +oman comedies, also claimed by $uetonius in *ives of the Twelve 0aesars to

@lso used in the singular, @cta $ancti ;"Deeds of the $aint"<, preceding a speci%c $aint(s name. @ common t

The actual crime that is committed, rather than the intent or thought process leading up to the crime. Thusn logic, to the point of being silly or nonsensical. $ee also reductio ad absurdum. ot to be confused with a



@ phrase used in 2pistemology regarding the nature of understanding.

n legal language, used when providing additional evidence to an already sucient collection. @lso used co

ame or motto ;in full or part< of many organi9ationsOpublicationsOetc.

To do something to appeal to the masses. Aften used of politicians who make false or insincere promises to

@n ad eundem degree, from the *atin ad eundem gradum ;"to the same step" or "to the same degree"<, is

@ motto of +enaissance humanism. @lso used in the :rotestant +eformation.

$aid during a generic toast, equivalent to "bottoms up#" n other conte!ts, generally means "back to the ba

Generally means "for this", in the sense of improvised on the spot or designed for only a speci%c, immediat

0onnotations of "against the man". Typically used in argumentum ad hominem, a logical fallacy consisting

Generally means "for the honor", not seeking any material reward.

Going on forever. Esed to designate a property which repeats in all cases in mathematical proof.

@s in the term "chargP d(a=aires ad interim" for a diplomatic ocer who acts in place of an ambassador.

@ttributed by $uetonius in *ives of the Twelve 0aesars to 0aesar @ugustus. The phrase means "never" and i

*oosely, "according to what pleases" or "as you wish" libitum comes from the past participle of libere, "to p

@ legal term referring to a party appointed by a court to act in a lawsuit on behalf of another party who is d

4otto of the $ociety of )esus ;)esuits<. )ohann $ebastian 5ach dedicated all of his work with the abbreviatio

2!presses a wish for a long life. $imilar to the 2nglish e!pression "4any happy returns#"

*iterally, "to the point of nausea". $ometimes used as a humorous alternative to ad in%nitum. @n argument

4eaning "obvious on sight" or "obvious to anyone that sees it".

Thus, "e!actly as it is written". $imilar to the 2nglish idiom "to the letter", meaning "to the last detail".

Generally precedes "of" and a person(s name, and is used to wish for someone to be remembered long afte

4ore loosely, "considering everything(s weight". The abbreviation was historically used by physicians and o

4eaning "according to the harm" or "in proportion to the harm". The phrase is used in tort law as a measur

*oosely "subject to reference", meaning that something has been approved provisionally, but must still rec

Thus, "to the point". 'ithout digression.

2quivalent to "to hell".

$aid of a work that has been e!purgated of o=ensive or improper parts. The phrase originates from editions

@ccording to an object(s value. Esed in commerce to refer to ad valorem ta!es, ta!es based on the assesse

4ore commonly translated into "for victory" this is a battlecry of the +omans.

@lso "to life everlasting". @ common 5iblical phrase.

Esually used of a term of oce.

@n item to be added, especially a supplement to a book. The plural is addenda.

Ane of the de%nitions of the truth. 'hen the mind has the same form as reality, we think truth. @lso found

2quivalent to ":resent#" or "1ere#" The opposite of absum ;" am absent"<.

.e., don(t argue the obvious

Thus, "at the age of". @ppeared on portraits, gravestones, etc. $ometimes e!tended to anno aetatis suae ;

@ legal term from 4edieval *atin referring to a sworn statement. 3rom %des, "faith".

Ariginally comparable to a to>do list, an ordered list of things to be done. ow generali9ed to include any pl

*atin translation from )ohn LCF, where )ohn the 5aptist e!claims "2cce @gnus Dei#" ;"5ehold the *amb of G$aid by )ulius 0aesar upon crossing the +ubicon in JR 50, according to $uetonius. The original meaning wa



@n assumed name or pseudonym. $imilar to alter ego, but more speci%cally referring to a name, not to a "s

@ legal defense where a defendant attempts to show that he was elsewhere at the time a crime was commi

taken from the 5ook of saiah, 0hapter JN. "5ut those who wait for the *ord shall %nd their strength renewe

@ foundational de%nition for semiotics

Term used for the university one attends or has attended. @nother university term, matriculation, is also de

@nother self, a second persona or alias. 0an be used to describe di=erent facets or identities of a single cha

3inal sentence from @esop ascribed fable ;see also @esop(s 3ables< "The 3rogs 'ho Desired a &ing" as appe

Ane of )ustinian (s three basic legal precepts.

$ometimes rendered with the gender>neutral alumn or alum in 2nglish. @ graduate or former student of a s

@n adviser, or a person who can obtain or grant access to the favour of powerful group, like a +oman 0uria.

@n obsolete legal term signifying the forfeiture of the right of swearing in any court or cause, or to become

iet9scheian alternative world view to memento mori remember you must die/. iet9sche believed amor f

from 6irgil(s Georgics .

'ritten on bracelet worn by the :rioress in 0haucer(s The 0anterbury Tales. $ee also veritas omnia vincit a

@lso used in such phrases as anno urbis conditae ;see ab urbe condita<, @nno Domini, and anno regni.

$hort for @nno Domini ostri esus 0hristi ;"in the -ear of Aur *ord, )esus 0hrist"<, the predominantly used s

:recedes "of" and the current ruler.

@ recent pun on annus mirabilis, %rst used by Bueen 2li9abeth to describe what a bad year LRRH had bee

Esed particularly to refer to the years LMSL, during which saac ewton made revolutionary invention

Esed to describe LFJI, the year the 5lack Death began to aict 2urope.@s in "status quo ante bellum", "as it was before the war". 0ommonly used in the $outhern Enited $tates a

4edical shorthand for "before meals".

$aid of an e!pression or term that describes something which e!isted before the phrase itself was introduc

$ee post mortem ;"after death"<.

Te!tual notes. @ list of other readings relating to a document, especially in a scholarly edition of a te!t.

+efers to nitric acid.

Ar "clear water", "clean water".

refers to a mi!ture of hydrochloric acid and nitric acid.

"$pirit of 'ine" in many 2nglish te!ts. Esed to refer to various native distilled beverages, such as whisky in

Ane who prescribes, rules on, or is a recogni9ed authority on matters of social behavior and taste. $aid of :

@n opaque circle around the cornea of the eye, often seen in elderly people.

@lso "silver coin". 4entioned in Domesday, signi%es bullion, or silver uncoined.

3or the sake of argument. $aid when something is done purely in order to discuss a matter or illustrate a po

Ar "reasoning", "inference", "appeal", "proof". The plural is argumenta. 0ommonly used in the names of log

@n aesthetic ideal that good art should appear natural rather than contrived.

Translated into *atin from 5audelaire(s "*(art pour l(art". 4otto of 4etro>Goldwyn>4ayer.

The *atin translation by 1orace of a phrase from 1ippocrates, often used out of conte!t. The "art" referred t

+eferred to the general level of prestige a person had in @ncient +oman society.3rom 6irgil, @eneid Q, HIJ ;where the %rst word is in the archaic form audentis<. @llegedly the last words of



The motto of Tottenham 1otspur 3ootball 0lub, the famous professional @ssociation 3ootball ;soccer< team

@ legal principle of fairness. @lso worded as audiatur et altera pars ;"let the other side be heard too"<.

3rom 6irgil, @eneid F,MK. *ater quoted by $eneca as "quod non mortalia pectora coges, auri sacra fames"C "

@ common ancient proverb, this version from Terence. ndicates that one is in a dangerous situation where

ndicates that the only valid possibility is to be emperor, or a similarly prominent position. 4ore generally, "

Thus, either through reasoned discussion or through war. @ former motto of 0hile, replaced by post tenebra

The motto of the Gunn 0lan.

@ general pledge of "victory or death" ;cf. victoria aut mors<.

3rom 0atullus, carmen LNL, addressed to his deceased brother.

3rom $uetonius( *ives of the Twelve 0aesars, 0laudius HL. The traditional greeting of gladiators prior to batt

@nthem of :an>2uropeanists.

@ +oman 0atholic prayer to 4ary, the mother of )esus.

@ common name in the +oman 0atholic 0hurch for 4ary, the mother of )esus. The genitive, 5eatae 4ariae

$ee in memoriam.

6ulgate, 4atthew MCF. The full quote is "beati pauperes spiritu quoniam ipsorum est regnum caelorum" ;"5l

Translated from 2uripides.

Ariginally from the 1absburg marriages of LJKK and LJR, written as bella gerant alii tu feli! @ustria nube ;

@ phrase used by Thomas 1obbes to describe the state of nature.

Thus haste is itself a gift.

4edical shorthand for "twice a day".

n other words, "well>intentioned", "fairly". n modern conte!ts, often has connotations of "genuinely" or "si

n law, if a person dying has goods, or good debts, in another diocese or jurisdiction within that province, b

@ nation(s o=er to mediate in disputes between two other nations.@ jury or assi9e of countrymen, or good neighbors.

Enited &ingdom legal term for ownerless property that passes to The 0rown.

Tiberius reportedly said this to his regional commanders, as a warning against ta!ing the populace e!cessiv

Ar "general welfare". +efers to what bene%ts a society, as opposed to bonum commune hominis, which ref

+efers to an individual(s happiness, which is not "common" in that it serves everyone, but in that individual

:seudo>*atin meaning "baing pu99le" or "dicult point". )ohn of 0ornwall ;ca. LLKN< was once asked by a

3rom $atires of )uvenal. @n insatiable urge to write. 1ypergraphia

Esed by the +omans to describe the aftermath of the 5attle of the 0atalaunian 3ields.

@n optical device used in drawing, and an ancestor of modern photography. The source of the word camera

$o aggrandi9ed as to be beyond practical ;earthly< reach or understanding ;from 6irgil(s @eneid and the sho

@n e!hortation to make good use of the night, often used when carpe diem, q.v., would seem absurd, e.g.,

3rom +oman senator 0ato the 2lder, who ended every speech of his between the second and third :unic '

+efers to an incident that is the justi%cation or cause for war.

The purchaser is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need.

Esed when the writer does not vouch for the accuracy of a te!t. :robably a recent alteration of caveat emp The person selling goods is responsible for providing information about the goods to the purchaser.



The user is responsible for checking whether the goods suit his need.

Aften used in law when something is not known, but can be ascertained ;eg. the purchase price on a sale

@ rule of law becomes ine=ective when the reason for its application has ceased to e!ist or does not corres

The rest is missing

diomatically translated as "all other things being equal". @ phrase which rules out outside changes interferi

The form of a pardon for killing another man in self>defence. ;see manslaughter<

The form of a pardon of a man who is outlawed. @lso called perdonatio utlagariae.

The motto of 3urman Eniversity.

@ 0hristian title for )esus.

n the sense of "appro!imately" or "about". Esually used of a date.

n logic, begging the question, a fallacy involving the presupposition of a proposition in one of the premises

@ writ whereby the king of 2ngland could command the justice in eyre to admit one(s claim by an attorney,

@n action of tresspass thus called, by reason the writ demands the person summoned to answer to wheref

@ symbol of the :apacy.

The means of discovering hidden or mysterious meanings in te!ts, particularly applied in theology and alch

n law, a writ directed to the bishop, for the admitting a clerk to a bene%ce upon a ne admittas, tried, and f

n law, a writ for the delivery of a clerk out of prison, who is imprisoned upon the breach of statute mercha

n law, a writ for the delivery of a clerk to his ordinary, that was formerly convicted of felony by reason tha

n law, a writ directed to the baili=s, etc, that have thrust a bailiwick or beadleship upon one in holy orders

The ocial code of canon law in the +oman 0atholic 0hurch ;cf. 0orpus uris 0anonici<.

@ rationalistic argument used by 3rench philosopher +enP Descartes to attempt to prove his own e!istence.

@n medical euphemism for the doggy>style se!ual position.

Ane year with another on an average. "0ommon" here does not mean "ordinary," but "common to every si@ term frequently used among philosophical and other writers, implying some medium, or mean relation be

Describes someone of sound mind. $ometimes used ironically. @lso a legal principle, non compos mentis ;"

4otto of 4ontreal.

nd" or "They condemn because they do not understand" ;the quod is ambiguous<

@ required, indispensable condition. 0ommonly mistakenly rendered with conditio ;"seasoning" or "preservi

Thus, "compare". Esed as an abbreviation in te!t to recommend a comparison with another thing ;cf. citatio

The ocial name of $wit9erland, hence the use of "01" for its $A country code, ".ch" for its nternet domai

Ar "with united powers". $ometimes rendered conjunctis viribus.

@n inconsistently applied ma!im. $ee also consuetudo est altera le! ;custom is another law< and consuetud

The last words of )esus on the cross in the *atin translation of )ohn LRCFN.

Despising the secular world. The monk or philosopher(s rejection of a mundane life and worldly values.

@ word that makes itself impossible

3irst formulated by 1ippocrates to suggest that the diseases are cured with contrary remedies. @ntonym of

A=ensive to the conscience and to a sense of justice.

3rom @ugustine(s 0onfessions, referring to a prescribed method of prayerC having a "heart to heart" with Go

@ phrase from 0hristian theology which summari9es the idea of 0hristians living in the :resence of, under t Thus, openly.



Two kinds of writs of error.

The name of a feast in the +oman 0atholic 0hurch commemorating the 2ucharist. t is also the name of a ci

The fact that a crime has been committed, a necessary factor in convicting someone of having committed t

The ocial compilation of canon law in the +oman 0atholic 0hurch ;cf. 0ode! uris 0anonici<.

The body of +oman or civil law.

@ person or thing %t only to be the object of an e!periment.

e laws are most numerous">>Tacitus

t(s the refrain from the (:ervigilium 6eneris(, a poem which describes a three day holiday in the cult of 6enu

@ very common misquote of Tertullian(s et mortuus est Dei 3ilius prorsus credibile quia ineptum est ;"and th

"'ho bene%ts?" @n adage in criminal investigation which suggests that considering who would bene%t from

$hort for cui prodest scelus is fecit ;"for whom the crime advances, he has done it"< in $eneca(s 4edea. Thu

3irst coined by @ccursius of 5ologna in the LFth century. @ +oman legal principle of property law that is no l

The privilege of a ruler to choose the religion of his subjects. @ regional prince(s ability to choose his people

7 4arcus Tullius 0icero, :hilippica Q, ii, M

@lso "blame" or "guilt". n law, an act of neglect. n general, guilt, sin, or a fault. $ee also mea culpa.

3rom the 5ible. Accurs in 4atthew HCJK and *uke HHCMH.

ot to be taken too seriously or as the literal truth.

The standard formula for academic *atin honors in the Enited $tates. Greater honors include magna cum la

4ovement from :ictures at an 2!hibition by 4odest 4ussorgsky

@n e!hortation to physicians, or e!perts in general, to deal with their own problems before addressing thos

@ rPsumP.@ censor.

@ +oman custom in which disgraced +omans ;particularly former 2mperors< were pretended to have never

@ loss that results from no one(s wrongdoing. n +oman law, a man is not responsible for unintended, conse

Esed before disagreeing with someone.

Trespass de bonis asportatis was the traditional name for larceny, or wrongful taking of chattels.

nscription on one pound coins. originally on LKth century coins, this refers to the inscribed edge as a prote

Esed in the conte!t of "@s we agreed in the meeting d.d.Hth 4ai HNN.

$aid of something that is the actual state of a=airs, in contrast to something(s legal or ocial standing, whi

@ clerk makes the declaration De %deli on when appointed, promising to do his or her tasks faithfully as a s

Esually used in the conte!t of "at a future time"

*ess literally "n matters of taste there is no dispute" or simply "There(s no arguing taste". @ similar e!press

"Acial", in contrast with de facto. @nalogous to "in principle", whereas de facto is to "in practice". n other

@lso "The chief magistrate does not concern himself with tri8es." Trivial matters are no concern of a high o

*ess literally, "speak well of the dead or not at all" ;cf. de mortuis nil nisi bonum<.

3rom de mortuis nil nisi bonum dicendum est, "nothing must be said about the dead e!cept the good", attri Thus, "their story is our story". Ariginally referred to the end of +ome(s dominance. ow often used when c



"@new" or "afresh". n law, a trial de novo is a retrial. n biology, de novo means newly>synthesi9ed, and a d

@ LMth>century talian scholar wrote the De omni re scibili portion, and a wag added et quibusdam aliis.

0ommonly mistranslated as "To *iberate the Appressed". The motto of the Enited $tates @rmy $pecial 3orc

Aut of the depths of misery or dejection. 3rom the *atin translation of :salm LFN.

n logic, de dicto statements ;about the truth of a proposition< are distinguished from de re statements ;abo

@lso Dei Gratia +e! ;"5y the Grace of God, &ing"<. @bbreviated as D G +2G preceding 3idei Defensor ;3 D< o

n 0atholic theology, a pleasure taken in sinful thought or imagination, such as brooding on se!ual images.

@ translation into *atin from +enP Goscinny(s "ils sont fous, ces romains#", frequently issued by Abeli! in th

The semi>1ispanici9ed form Deogracias is a :hilippine %rst name.

Derived from the :agan upiter Aptimo 4a!imo ;"To the best and greatest )upiter"<. :rinted on bottles of 5e

4otto of the 0onfederate $tates of @merica. @n alternate translation is "'ith an avenging God".

3rom the Greek VWX YZ[\]^_ `X_ ;@po mchans Theos<. @ contrived or artificial solution, usually to a lite

The principal slogan of the 0rusades.

.e. "3rom a rule without e!ception." $hort for @ dicto simpliciter, the a often being dropped by confusion wi

4otto of the *ondon $tock 2!change

3rom the +oman 2mperor Titus. :assed down in $uetonius(s biography of him in *ives of the Twelve 0aesars

+efers to the )udgment Day in 0hristian eschatology. The name of a famous LFth>century 4edieval *atin hy

n 0lassical *atin, " arrange". $tate motto of 4aine. 5ased on a comparison of the state of 4aine to the sta

n other words, the gods have di=erent plans than mortals, and so events do not always play out as people

+efers to the 4anes, +oman spirits of the dead. *oosely "To the memory of". @ conventional inscription prec

@ +oman ma!im adopted by )ulius 0aesar, *ouis Q and 4achiavelli. 0ommonly rendered "divide and conqu

@ popular eloquent e!pression, usually used in the end of a speech. The implied meaning isC " have said allAften said or written for sacri%ces, when one "gives" and e!pects something back from the gods.

4otto of the 0ity of *ondon.

4otto of the Eniversity of A!ford.

:hrase used during and at the end of 0atholic sermons, and a general greeting form among and towards m

famous in choir songs, also an ending in the video game 1aunting Ground.

@ legal concept where a person in imminent mortal danger need not meet the requisite consideration to cr

4ore literally, "the masks of the drama" more %guratively, "cast of characters". The characters represente

$tan *aurel, inscription for the fanclub logo $ons of the Desert.

This is the motto for the Enited $tates 4arine 0orps( Acer 0andidates $chool located at 4arine 0orps 5as

$tate motto of $outh 0arolina. 3rom 0icero.

Esed when someone has been asked for urgent help, but responds with no immediate action. $imilar to 1a

Auter covering of the brain.

Esually translated "Aut of many, ;is< Ane.". 4otto of the $port *isboa e 5en%ca :ortuguese soccer club. ns

The %rst printed edition of a work.

@bbreviation for e!empli gratia, below.4ore literally, " free you" or " acquit you". :art of a traditional blessing given by a 0atholic priest at the en



Ar "being one(s own cause". Traditionally, a being that owes its e!istence to no other being, hence a God or

eo ipso is a technical term used in philosophy. t means "by that very act" in *atin. $imilar to ipso facto. 2!a

Esed to show a logical conclusion ;cf. cogito ergo sum<.

3rom $eneca the -ounger. The full quote is "errare humanum est perseverare diabolicum"C "to err is human

Ar "mistake". *ists of errors in a previous edition of a work are often marked with the plural, errata ;"errors"

Truly being something, rather than merely seeming to be something. $tate motto of orth 0arolina and aca

$aid of 6enice by the 6enetian historian 3ra :aolo $arpi shortly before his death. @lso the state motto of da

@ less common variant on et cetera used at the end of a list of locations to denote unlisted places.

Esed similarly to et cetera ;"and the rest"<, to stand for a list of names. @lii is actually masculine, so it can

owadays also used to mean "and so on" or "and more".

@bbreviated to e.h.g.o. or ehgo

n other words, ", too, am in @rcadia". $ee memento mori.

3rom :salms H, J.F.

:lurali9ed as et sequentia ;"and the following things"<, abbreviationsC et seqq., et seq.., or sqq.

3rom the Gospel of 4atthew, LHCFJ, and the Gospel of *uke, CJM. $ometimes rendered without enim ;"for"<

"An equal footing", i.e., "in a tie".

Thus, "sincerely".

"5eforehand", "before the event". 5ased on prior assumptions. @ forecast.

@ phrase applied to the :ope when he is speaking infallibly and, by e!tension, to anyone who is perceived a

*iterally "from harmful deceit", dolus malus being the *atin legal term for "fraud". The full legal phrase is e

diomatically rendered "on the face of it". @ legal term typically used to note that a document(s e!plicit ter

4ore literally "from grace". +efers to someone voluntarily performing an act purely out of kindness, as opp

Thus, "by hypothesis".

:recedes a person(s name, with the meaning of "from the library of..."

3rom *ucretius, and said earlier by 2mpedocles. ts original meaning is "work is required to succeed", but it

5y virtue of oce or position "by right of oce". Aften used when someone holds one position by virtue of

@ theological phrase that refers to the notion that the act of receiving a sacrament actually confers the pro

$uper%cially refers to the sun rising in the east, but alludes to culture coming from the 2astern world.

@ legal term meaning "by one party" or "for one party". Thus, on behalf of one side or party only.

"@fterward", "after the event". 5ased on knowledge of the past. 4easure of past performance.

$aid of a law with retroactive e=ect.

n general, the claim that the absence of something demonstrates the proof of a proposition. @n argumentu

"This instant", "right away" or "immediately". @lso written e!tempore.

Thus, "by de%nition".

Esed in reference to the study or assay of living tissue in an arti%cial environment outside the living organis

Thus, in accordance with a promise. @n e! voto is also an o=ering made in ful%llment of a vow.

"2ver upward#" The state motto of ew -ork. @lso a catch phrase used by 4arvel 0omics head $tan *ee.@ juridical motto which means that e!ception, as for e!ample during a "state of e!ception", does not put in



4ore loosely, "he who e!cuses himself, accuses himself"7an unprovoked e!cuse is a sign of guilt. n 3rench

@ formal leave of absence ;cf. e!it<.

Esually shortened in 2nglish to "for e!ample" ;see citation signal<. Aften confused with id est ;i.e.<F/.

An a plaque at the former military sta= building of the $wedish @rmed 3orces.

The plural of e!it. @lso e!tended to e!eunt omnes, "everyone leaves". $ee below.

0ommonly used in theatrical stage directions to note where an actor or actress should leave the stage. The

*iterally "e!periment of the cross". @ decisive test of a scienti%c theory.

*iterally "believe one who has had e!perience". @n author(s aside to the reader.

"4entioning one thing may e!clude another thing". @ principle of legal statutory interpretationC the e!plicit

@ teaching from +oman 0atholic theology, referring to absolution, meaning that there can be no salvation i

t is issued by the 4aster of the :apal *iturgical 0elebrations before a session of the conclave electing a ne

+efers to e!traterritorial jurisdiction. Aften cited in law of the sea cases on the high seas.

@ppius 0laudius 0aecus. 4otto of 3ort $treet 1igh $chool in :etersham, $ydney , @ustralia.

Arigin of the word facsimile, and, through it, of fa!.

@ +oman legal principle indicating that a witness who willfully falsi%es one matter is not credible on any ma

@n archaic legal term for one who commits suicide, referring to early 2nglish common law punishments, su

:eople believe what they wish to be true, even if it isn(t. @ttributed to )ulius 0aesar.

@n o!ymoronic motto of @ugustus. t encourages proceeding quickly, but with calm and caution. 2quivalent

3rom 3erdinand .

@ttributed to *ucius 0alpurnius :iso 0aesoninus.

*ess literally, "let light arise" or "let there be light" ;cf. lu! sit<. 3rom the *atin translation of Genesis, "di!itq

@ title given to 1enry 6 of 2ngland by :ope *eo Q on Actober LK, LMHL before 1enry became a heresiarchthe personal faith which apprehends, contrasted with %des quae creditur

the content of "the faith," contrasted with %des qua creditur

the motto of $aint @nselm, found in his :roslogion

@ faithful friend. 3rom the name of @eneas(s faithful companion in 6irgil(s @eneid.

6irgil(s @eneid > 5ook K

ndicates the period when a historical %gure whose birth and death dates are unknown was most active.

"The fountainhead and beginning". The source and origin.

"3ortes 3ortuna )uvat" is the motto of the Fd +egiment of the Enited $tates 4arine 0orps

4otto on the coat of arms of A!ford, 2ngland.

@ principle of legal statutory interpretationC f a matter falls under a speci%c provision and a general provisi

The unique, distinctive aspects or atmosphere of a place, such as those celebrated in art, stories, folk tales,

Aften translated "Glory to God on 1igh". The title and beginning of an ancient +oman 0atholic do!ology, th

4otto of 4anitoba

n other words, "more severe things await" or simply "the worst is yet to come".

3rom Avid, 2pistulae e! :onto 6, LN, M.



@ legal term from the LJth century or earlier. +efers to a number of legal writs to bring a person before a c

Esed after a +oman 0atholic 0hurch papal election to announce publicly a successful ballot to elect a new

0ommonly rendered in 2nglish as "Ane day, we(ll look back on this and smile". 3rom 6irgil(s @eneid L.HNF.

Thus, " say no things that are unknown". 3rom 6irgil(s @eneid, H.RL.

'ritten on uncharted territories of old maps.

@ccording to Titus *ivius the phrase was pronounced by 4arcus 3urius 0amillus, addressing the senators w



3rom Terence, @ndria, line LHM. Ariginally literal, referring to the tears shed by :amphilus at the funeral of 0

3rom 0icero, Tusculanas, H, L. @lso "history is the mistress of life".

3irst attested in :lautus( @sinaria ;"lupus est homo homini"<. The sentence was drawn on by 1obbes in *evi

3rom Terence, 1eautontimoroumenos. Ariginally "strange" or "foreign" ;alienum< was used in the sense of "

@ttributed to Thomas @quinas

Ane of )ustinian (s three basic legal precepts.

$aid of an honorary title, such as "Doctor of $cience honoris causa".

4edical shorthand for "at bedtime".

4otto of the 0hicago :ark District, a playful allusion to the city(s motto, urbs in horto, q.v.

That is, "a horrible thing to relate". @ pun on mirabile dictu.

0icero de%ned pirates in +oman law as being enemies of humanity in general.

3rom ewton, :rincipia. *ess literally, " do not assert that any hypotheses are true".

Esually used in bibliographic citations to refer to the last source previously referenced.

"That is ;to say<", "in other words", or sometimes "in this case", depending on the conte!t. ever equivalen

Esed to refer to something that has already been cited. $ee also ibidem.

ot to be confused with an intelligence quotient.

5ased on the 5ible. "This Ane is &ing of the )ews" was written in *atin, Greek and @ramaic at the top of the

@n alchemical aphorism invented as an alternate meaning for the acronym +.

@ phrase describing scorched earth tactics. @lso rendered as igne atque ferro, ferro ignique, and other varia

@ phrase referring to the re%ning of character through dicult circumstances.

:ublius 3lavius 6egetius +enatus, 2pitoma rei militaris ;$ee also in this list $i vis pacem, para bellum<

The logical fallacy of irrelevant conclusionC making an argument that, while possibly valid, doesn(t prove or

@n e!planation that is less clear than the thing to be e!plained. $ynonymous with obscurum per obscurius.

4ock *atin originating during 'orld 'ar , used and known in many forms since then.

3rom the religious concept that man was created in "God(s image".

@ principle, held by several religions, that believers should strive to resemble their god;s<.

L. @ group of people who owe utmost fealty to their leader;s<, subordinating the interests of the larger grou

n 6irgil(s @eneid, )upiter ordered @eneas to found a city ;+ome< from which would come an everlasting, nev

@n authori9ation to publish, granted by some censoring authority ;originally a 0atholic 5ishop<.

Esed in a number of situations, such as in a trial carried out in the absence of the accused."n the very actOn reality".



3iguratively, "in secret". $ee also camera obscura.

"n this case".

4otto of 5rown Eniversity.

2!presses the judicial principle that in case of doubt the decision must be in favor of the accused ;in that a

"n duplicate".

"n ;the form of< an image", as opposed to "in the 8esh" or "in person".

n actual e!istence as opposed to in posse.

"n full", "at full length", "completely", "unabridged".

n e!tremity in dire straits. @lso "at the point of death" ;cf. in articulo mortis<.

To the veri%cation of faith.

Thus, "pending".

@t the end.

2quivalent to the 2nglish idiom "caught red>handed"C caught in the act of committing a crime. $ometimes c

5looming.

*egal term for "in court".

@ palindrome said to describe the behavior of moths. @lso the title of a %lm by Guy Debord.

'ords 0onstantine claimed to have seen in a vision before the 5attle of 4ilvian 5ridge.

Describes a meeting called for a particular stated purpose only.

"at that time", found often in Gospel lectures during 4asses, used to mark an undetermined time in the pas

:reliminary, in law referring to a motion that is made to the judge before or during trial, often about the ad

That is, "at the place".

@ legal term meaning "assuming parental ;i.e., custodial< responsibility and authority".@ccording to *uke HFCJ, the last words of )esus on the cross.

3rom 1orace. +efers to the literary technique of beginning a narrative in the middle of, or at a late point in,

2quivalent to "in the memory of". +efers to remembering or honoring a deceased person.

"0harity" ;caritas< is being used in the classical sense of "compassion" ;cf. agape<. 4otto of the 0artellverb

.e. "in potentiality." 0omparable to "potential", "to be developed".

Buote by Thomas a &empis.

That is, "in the land of the in%dels", in%dels here referring to non>0hristians. @fter slam conquered a large p

@ 0ardinal named in secret by the pope. $ee also ab imo pectore.

"Directed towards a particular person". n a lawsuit in which the case is against a speci%c individual, that p

n the state of being possible as opposed to in esse.

":ersonally", "in person".

$ee also *ucretius( De +erum atura ;"An the ature of Things"<.

Esed to describe documents kept separately from the regular records of a court for special reasons.

"n the secular world", that is, outside a monastery, or before death.

n the original place, appropriate position, or natural arrangement. n medical conte!ts, it implies that the c

That is, to understand the most general rules through the most detailed analysis.

)ust as something is about to begin.

"Totally", "entirely", "completely"."n triplicate".



That is, wine loosens the tongue.

@n e!perimental or process methodology performed in a "non>natural" setting ;e.g., in a laboratory using a

@n e!periment or process performed on a living specimen.

@ variant on mirabile dictu.

@ list of books considered heretical by the +oman 0atholic 0hurch.

3ormerly used in formal correspondence to refer to the current month. $ometimes abbreviated as instant.

@ term used in formal e!tract minutes to indicate that the minute quoted has been taken from a fuller recor

Aften used to compress lists of parties to legal documents.

$aid by 0icero in :ro 4ilone as a protest against unchecked political mobs that had virtually sei9ed control

$aid of property transfers between living persons, as opposed to inheritance often relevant to ta! laws.

That is, "within the authority".

3amous phrase written by $ir 3rancis 5acon in LMRK.

0ommonly said in 4edieval debates referring to @ristotle, who was considered the supreme authority on m

"$trictly word for word" ;cf. verbatim<.

Ar "by that very fact".

*ike the vast majority of inhabitants of the ancient world, the ancient +omans practiced pagan rituals, belie

@ useful phrase, as the +omans had no word for "yes", preferring to respond to questions with the armati

The %nal words of the +oman 4issal, meaning "leave, the mass is %nished".

@ legal principle in civil law countries of the +oman>German tradition ;e.g., in $pain,Germany, taly and 5ra

know our own rights"0ommonly referred to as "right of survivorship"C a rule in property law that surviving joint tenants have righ

+efers to the "laws" that regulate the reasons for going to war. Typically, this would address issues of self>d

+efers to a fundamental principle of international law considered to have acceptance among the internatio

+efers to the "laws" that regulate the conduct of combatants during a con8ict. Typically, this would address

The droit de seigneur.

@ "proglossis", "tip of the tongue" or "ape! of the tongue". Aften used to mean "linguistic error" or "languag

$ource of the term memory lapse.

This is written on the 2ast side at the peak of the 'ashington 4onument in 'ashington D.0.

Aften abbreviated to *.$., used as opening words for a letter.

Describes something genuine, true, real, tested, proven, not assumed, not placebo. Esed especially in a m

@ legal term describing a "forced share", the portion of a deceased person(s estate from which the immedia

The rules that regulate a professional duty.

The law as it ought to be.

The law as it is.

Enwritten law, or common law.

@ principle of government advocating a rule by law rather than by men. The phrase originated as a double$tatute law. 0ontrasted with le! non scripta.



+etributive justice ;cf. an eye for an eye<.

4otto of the &orea Eniversity.

Thus, "liberty even when it comes late". 4otto of 4inas Gerais, 5ra9il.

*iterally "balance". ts abbreviation, lb, is used as a unit of weight, the pound.

4ore fully written in loco citato. $ee also opere citato.

@ quotation from a classical te!t used as an e!ample of something.

@ medical term to describe a location on or in a body that o=ers little resistance to infection, damage, or inj

@ mangled fragment from 0icero(s De 3inibus 5onorum et 4alorum ;"An the *imits of Good and 2vil", JM 50

4ay be found in 4atthew 0h. M 6. L. :opular as a school motto.

4otto of both the Dutch province of eeland to denote its battle against the sea, and the @thol 4urray 0oll

3rom late Jth>century grammarian 1onoratus 4aurus, who sought to mock implausible word origins such a

'ith the meaning "speak of the wolf, and he will come". Accurs in Terence(s play @delphoe.

4otto of the prestigious liberal arts school, 3ranklin 4arshall 0ollege. *ight in reference to 5enjamin 3ran

@ translation of the 1ebrew Erim and Thummim. 4otto of -ale Eniversity and ndiana Eniversity. @n e!pand

0anonical medieval reference to @ristotle, precluding further discussion

@ set of documents between :ope nnocent , &ing )ohn, and 2nglish barons.

@ common *atin honor, above cum laude and below summa cum laude.

:olitical motto of pan>2uropeanists ;cf. ave 2uropa nostra vera :atria<

$aid of someone(s masterpiece.Esed to indicate that it is the moment to address more important, urgent, issues.

$aid of an act done with knowledge of its illegality, or with intention to defraud or mislead someone. Appos

@lso used ironically, e.g.C ew teachers know all tricks used by pupils to copy from classmates? Ah, mala te

@n illegal arrest will not prejudice the subsequent detentionOtrial.

slavery"

is"

@ legal term meaning that something is inherently wrong ;cf. malum prohibitum<.

@ legal term meaning that something is only wrong because it is against the law.

Esing armed forces in order to achieve a goal.

'ith the implication of "signed by one(s hand". ts abbreviated form is sometimes used at the end of typew

Ariginally used as the name of a ship in the 4arathon game series, its usage has spread. n the :lay$tation

famous quote from The :umpkini%cation of 0laudius, ascribed to $eneca the -ounger.L/ t implies that one

n law, a sea under the jurisdiction of one nation and closed to all others.

n law, a sea open to international shipping navigation.

@ nickname given to the 4editerranean $ea during the height of the +oman 2mpire, as it encompassed the

The female head of a family. $ee paterfamilias.

The branch of medical science concerned with the study of drugs used in the treatment of disease. @lso, th

*ess literally, "my foot itches". +efers to a trivial situation or person that is being a bother, possibly in the s

Esed in 0hristian prayers and confession to denote the inherently 8awed nature of mankind. 0an also be e@ well>known sequence, falsely attributed to otker during the 4iddle @ges. t was translated by 0ranmer a

@ more literal *atini9ation of the phrase "let there be light", the most common translation of %at lu! ;"let lig



3iguratively "be mindful of dying" or "remember your mortality", and also more literally rendered as "reme

@lso, "remember that you have to live." *iterally rendered as "remember to live."

Thus, both remembering the past and foreseeing the future. 3rom the orth 1ertfordshire District 0ouncil c

3rom 6irgil. 4otto of +ossall $chool, the Eniversity of Aregon, the Eniversity of 'arwick and the 2indhoven

@lso "culprit mind". @ term used in discussing the mindset of an accused criminal.

Ar "a sensible mind in a healthy body".

Ar "5oastful $oldier". Title of a play of :lautus. @ stock character in comedy, the braggart soldier. ;t is said

@ +oman phrase used to describe a wonderful eventOhappening.

*atin @eneid of 6irgil, 5ook 6, line LLH, "he" refering to the great +oman god, who approved of the settlem

@ terrible happening or event.

@ phrase within the Gloria in 2!celsis Deo and the @gnus Dei, to be used at certain points in 0hristian religi

@ phrase used by )esus 0hrist.

@ warrant of commitment to prison, or an instruction for a jailer to hold someone in prison.

The motto of the autilus from the )ules 6erne novel HNNNN *eagues Ender the $ea.

Esually used to describe a criminal(s methods.

*oosely "method of arming", a logical rule of inference stating that from propositions : and if : then B on

*oosely "method of denying", a logical rule of inference saying that from propositions not B and if : then B

@n accommodation between disagreeing parties to allow life to go on. @ practical compromise.

used to describe any se!ual act in the manner of beasts

Esed once in $uetonius( *ife of the Divine 0laudius, chapter HL, by the condemned prisoners manning galle

3rom medieval *atin, it indicates that battle for survival, where your defeat is necessary for my victory, sur@n a!iom often found on headstones.

an unwritten code of laws and conduct, of the +omans. t institutionali9ed cultural traditions, societal mores

Ar "by his own accord." denti%es a class of papal documents, administrative papal bulls.

0onciseness. The motto of +utland, a county in central 2ngland.

3rom )ames 5ranch 0abell.

+efers to a situation where an unborn child is deemed to be entitled to certain inheritance rights.

That is, the natural world is not sentimental or compassionate.

$hortened form of "sicut natura nil facit per saltum ita nec le!" ;"just as nature does nothing by a leap, so n

@lso ne plus ultra or non plus ultra. @ descriptive phrase meaning the best or most e!treme e!ample of so

Thus, don(t o=er your opinion on things that are outside your competence. t is said that the Greek painter

Do not get distracted. This *atin phrase is also the motto for 5ishop 0otton 5oys $chool and the 5ishop 0ot

The motto of the Dutch LLth air manoeuvre brigade LL @ir 4anoeuvre 5rigade

said by @rnaud @maury, the @bbot of 0iteau!, the :apal *egate. +ecorded by a monk who was present at th

*ess literally, "without dissent". Esed especially in committees, where a matter may be passed nem. con.,

Thus, "none can pass better title than they have".

*egal principle that no individual can preside over a hearing in which he holds a speci%c interest or bias.

Esed to imply that one must like a subject in order to study it.@ ma!im banning mandatory self>incrimination. ear>synonymous with accusare nemo se debet nisi coram



That is, in law, irrelevant and O or inconsequential.

n law, a declination by a defendant to answer charges or put in a plea.

Ar just "nothing new". The phrase e!ists in two versionsC as nihil novi sub sole ;"nothing new under the sun

@ notation, usually on a title page, indicating that a +oman 0atholic censor has reviewed the book and foun

That is, "never despair".

$hort for nil nisi bonum de mortuis dicere. That is, "Don(t speak ill of anyone who has died". @lso "il magn

The motto of &ing(s $chool, 4accles%eld.

Ar "nothing without providence". $tate motto of 0olorado, adopted in LIL. :robably derived from 6irgil(s @

"othing is impossible for the willing"

That is, "everything is in vain without God". $ummari9ed from :salm LHK, "nisi Dominus aedi%caverit domu

n 2ngland, a direction that a case be brought up to 'estminster for trial before a single judge and jury. n t

That is, "whether unwillingly or willingly". $ometimes rendered volens nolens or aut nolens aut volens. $imi

That is, "Don(t upset my calculations#" $aid by @rchimedes to a +oman soldier who, despite having been gi

@ legal motion by a prosecutor or other plainti= to drop legal charges, usually in e!change for a diversion p

That is, "no contest". @ plea that can be entered on behalf of a defendant in a court that states that the acc

@ scienti%c name of unknown or doubtful application.

Thus, "true to its name".

Thus, the name or person in question is unknown.

@ purported scienti%c name that does not ful%ll the proper formal criteria and therefore cannot be used unl

@ legal principle forbidding double jeopardy.

@lso known as the "questionable cause" or "false cause". +efers to any logical fallacy where a cause is inco

$ee compos mentis. @lso rendered non compos sui ;"not in control of himself"<. $amuel )ohnson, author of t

4ore simply, "don(t do wrong to do right". The direct opposite of the phrase "the ends justify the means". n being understood"

@lso "it is not clear" or "it is not evident". @ sometimes controversial decision handed down by a judge whe

@ppears in 0icero de ociis, LCHH in the form non nobis solum nati sumus ;"we are not born for ourselves al

@ judgment notwithstanding verdict, a legal motion asking the court to reverse the jury(s verdict on the gro

$ee pecunia non olet.

"ot all of me will die", a phrase e!pressing the belief that a part of the speaker will survive beyond death.

0an be used to describe the point of no return, or the point at which one cannot or should not go further. "T

@ judgment in favor of a defendant when the plainti= failed to take the necessary steps in an action within

from $eneca

n general, a non sequitur is a comment which is absurd due to not making sense in its conte!t ;rather than

:ossibly derived from a 6ulgate mistranslation of the 5ook of )eremiah. 0ommonly used in literature as $at

Ar " am not the kind of person once was". 2!presses a change in the speaker.

@lso, "@ll that glitters is not gold." :arabolae. @lso used by $hakespeare in The 4erchant of 6enice

4artin *uther on 0atholic church reform. ;see +eformation<

3rom 0icero, based on the Greek ] \X] ;gnothi seauton<, inscribed on the Temple of @pollo at Del

That is, "please note" or "note it well".3rom 6irgil. 4otto on the Great $eal of the Enited $tates. $imilar to ovus Ardo 4undi ;"ew world order"<.



+efers to the legal principle that one cannot be punished for doing something that is not prohibited by law,

That is, "nothing". t has been theori9ed that this e!pression is the origin of talian nulla, 3rench rien, and $

4otto of the +oyal $ociety.

*egal principle meaning that one cannot be penalised for doing something that is not prohibited by law. t a

@ method to limit the number of students who may study at a university.

n the Gospel of *uke, spoken by $imeon while holding the baby )esus when he felt he was ready to be dis

0arpe>Diem>type phrase from the Ades of 1orace, "unc est bibendum, nunc pede libero pulsanda tellus" ;

$omething that has retroactive e=ect, is e=ective from an earlier date.

3rom 6irgil, 2clogues 6.

@ttributed ;in Tacitus, @nnales, , M< to the 2mperor Tiberius, in disgust at the servile attitude of +oman s

@lso translated "'hat times# 'hat customs#" 3rom 0icero, 0atilina , L, H.

"1e died" or "she died", an inscription on gravestones. ob. also sometimes stands for obiter ;"in passing" or

n law, an observation by a judge on some point of law not directly relevant to the case before him, and thu

3rom 6irgil.

@n e!planation that is less clear than what it tries to e!plain. $ynonymous with ignotum per ignotius.

The opening of 0atullus IM. The entire poem reads, "odi et amo quare id faciam fortasse requiris O nescio se

@ name for the special hatred generated in theological disputes.

Esual in clocks, reminding the reader of death.

Ar "everything unknown appears magni%cent".

Ar "everything sounds more impressive when said in *atin". @ more common phrase with the same meanin

3rom Avid.@ foundational concept of modern biology, opposing the theory of spontaneous generation.

3rom The ew Testament.

n other words, "innocent until proven guilty".

@ miscellaneous collection or assortment. Aften used facetiously.

5urden of a party to adduce evidence that a case is an e!ception to the rule

The collected works of an author.

'orks published after the author(s death.

Esed in academic works when referring again to the last source mentioned or used.

To speak with actions instead of words.

The 4otto of Arder of $aint 5enedict as well as the motto for $t. )oseph(s nstitution, Dalhousie *aw $chool,

@n e!pression from *atin grammar. cf. "oratio obliqua."

@n e!pression from *atin grammar. cf. "oratio directa."

Ariginates from )uvenal(s Tenth $atire, referring to @le!ander the Great. )ames 5ond(s adopted family motto

The phrase is one of the oldest mottos of 0raft 3reemasonry.citation needed/

*oosely, "be at peace", "with due deference to", "by leave of" or "no o=ense to". Esed to politely acknowle

Thus, "with your permission".

@lso "contracts must be honoured". ndicates the binding power of treaties.@lso "dare to try". 4otto of &orowa @nglican Girls( $chool, $tratford 1igh $chool ;ew ealand<, 3riends $ch



3rom )uvenal, $atire Q, line IL. Ariginally described all that was needed for emperors to placate the +oman

3rom "$i vis pacem para bellum" if you want peace prepare for war since if you are ready for war your ene

@ public policy requiring courts to protect the best interests of any child involved in a lawsuit. $ee also :ate

Thus, "moving together", "simultaneously", etc.

mplies that the weak are under the protection of the strong, rather than that they are inferior. 4otto of :rin

*ess literally, "throughout" or "frequently". $aid of a word that occurs several times in a cited te!t. @lso use

Ar "master of the house". The eldest male in a family, who held patria potestas ;"paternal power"<. n +om

@lso rendered with the gender>neutral parens patriae ;"parent of the nation"<.

The traditional beginning of a +oman 0atholic confession.

e native land"

3rom The &ing and by +odgers and 1ammerstein. $aid to be one of 0arl Gauss(s favorite quotations.

$imilar to "quality over quantity" though there may be few of something, at least they are of good quality.

@ common epitaph.

The motto of 0lan Gunn.

@ euphemism for the 5ritish 2mpire. @dapted from :a! +omana.

Esed in the :eace and Truce of God movement in LNth>0entury 3rance.

lord or master used as a form of address when speaking to clergy or educated professionals.

4otto of $t. 3rancis of @ssisi and, consequently, of his monastery in @ssisi, in the Embria region of taly. Tra

@ common farewell. The "you" is plural ;"you all"<, so the phrase must be used when speaking to more than

'ritten on an old *atin tablet in downtown 6erona ;taly<.

3rom the @eneid of 6irgil, 5ook 6.

$ee speci%c phrases below.

Thus, "yearly"7occurring every year.

3rom $eneca the -ounger. 4otto of @$@ and the $outh @frican @ir 3orce. @ common variant, ad astra per a That is, "by letter".

":er head", i.e., "per person". The singular is per caput ;"through a head"<.

Ar "on the contrary" ;cf. a contrario<.

*egal term meaning "by the court", as in a per curiam decision.

Thus, "by de%nition".

Thus, "per day". @ speci%c amount of money an organi9ation allows an individual to spend per day, typicall

Thus, "per month", or "monthly".

@lso rendered per procurationem. Esed to indicate that a person is signing a document on behalf of anothe

n a E& legal conte!tC "by reason of which" ;as opposed to per se which requires no reasoning<. n @merican

4edical shorthand. $ee also per os.

@lso "by itself" or "in itself". 'ithout referring to anything else, intrinsically, taken without quali%cations, et

Esed in wills to indicate that each "branch" of the testator(s family should inherit equally. 0ontrasted with p

@n unwelcome, unwanted or undesirable person. n diplomatic conte!ts, a person rejected by the host gove

5egging the question, a logical fallacy in which a proposition to be proved is implicitly or e!plicitly assumed

Ar "dutiful desires".

Ar "dutiful deceit". 2!pression from Avid. Esed to describe deception which serves 0hurch purposes.

Ar "tender mother". Translated into *atin from @rabic. The delicate innermost of the three membranes that

Thus, "he painted this" or "she painted this". 3ormerly used on works of art, ne!t to the artist(s name.

The %rst>person plural pronoun when used by an important personage to refer to himself or herself also knEsed by +oman crowds to pass judgment on a defeated gladiator. The type of gesture used is uncertain. @l



Ar "$upreme :onti=". Ariginally an oce in the +oman +epublic, later a title held by +oman 2mperors, and

Thus, to be able to be made into part of a retinue or force. n common law, posse comitatus is a sheri=(s rig

0ausality between two phenomena is not established ;cf. post hoc, ergo propter hoc<.

Esually rendered postmortem. ot to be confused with post meridiem.

The phrase is used in legal terminology in the conte!t of intellectual property rights, especially copyright,

+efers to the time after any meal. Esually rendered postprandial.

@ postscript. Esed to mark additions to a letter, after the signature. 0an be e!tended to post post scriptum

@ motto of the :rotestant +eformation inscribed on the +eformation 'all in Geneva, $wit9erland from )ob L

The motto that to be forewarned is to be forearmed.

Esed to designate evidence in a trial which is suggestive, but not conclusive, of something ;e.g., a person(s

*iterally "at %rst light"

@ title of the +oman 2mperors ;cf. princeps<.

3undamental principles require no proof they are assumed a priori.

@ legal principle that older laws take precedent over newer ones. @nother name for this principle is le! post

The full phrase is pro bono publico ;"for the public good"<. $aid of work undertaken voluntarily at no e!pens

Ar "as a matter of form". :rescribing a set form or procedure, or performed in a set manner.

+equest of a state court to allow an out>of>state lawyer to represent a client.

t is part of the +ite of 0onsecration of the wine in the 'estern 0hristian tradition, as part of the 4ass.

:ro :atria 4edalC> for operational service ;minimum MM days< in defence of the +epublic $outh @frica or in t

i.e., proportionately.

4edical shorthand for "as the occasion arises" or "as needed". @lso "concerning a matter having come into

to defend oneself in court without counsel ;"pro per" >persona>in 0alifornia<

Denotes something that has only been partially ful%lled. @ philosophical term indicating the acceptance of

2quivalent to 2nglish phrase "for the time being". Denotes a temporary current situation.@ 4edieval *atin term for breaking in a new pen.

That is, to squander life(s purpose just in order to stay alive, and live a meaningless life. 3rom )uvenal, $aty

The runner>up.

3ormerly used in formal correspondence to refer to the ne!t month. Esed with ult. ;"last month"< and inst. ;

Thus, the essential or most notable point.

Ar "you might ask..." Esed to suggest doubt or to ask one to consider whether something is correct. Aften i

@lso quaerite primo regnum dei. 4otto of ewfoundland and *abrador. 4otto of $helford Girls( Grammar, $t

Ar "'hat an artist dies in me#" @ttributed to ero by $uetonius.

.e., "while on/ good behavior." 3rom which 3rank 1erbert e!tracted the name for the sisterhood in the Dun

4edical shorthand for "as much as you wish".

4edical shorthand for "as much as needed" or "as much as will suce".

4edical shorthand. @lso quaque die ;qd<, "every day", quaque mane ;qm<, "every morning", and quaque no

@n action of tresspass thus called, by reason the writ demands the person summoned to answer to wheref

4edical shorthand.

make insane"

Ather translations of diligunt include "pri9e especially" or "esteem". 3rom :lautus, 5acchides, 6, K, LI. n t

3rom the $ummoner(s section of 0haucer(s General :rologue to the 0anterbury Tales, line JI.0ommon nonsensical Dog *atin misrendering of the *atin phrase cui bono ;"who bene%ts?"<.



Enused in 2nglish, but common in other modern languages ;for instance talian and :olish<. Esed as a noun

Thus, silence gives consent. $ometimes accompanied by the proviso "ubi loqui debuit ac potuit", that is, "w

Generally known as (qui tam,( it is the technical legal term for the unique mechanism in the federal 3alse 0l

Ar "he who brought us across still supports us", meaning God. $tate motto of 0onnecticut. Ariginally writte

@ttributed to )ulius 0aesar by :lutarch, 0aesar LN. Translated loosely as "because even the wife of 0aesar

n the 6ulgate translation of )ohn LICFI, :ilate(s question to )esus.

@lso translated "this for that" or "a thing for a thing". $igni%es a favor e!changed for a favor.

0ommonly shortened to quidnunc. @s a noun, a quidnunc is a busybody or a gossip. :atrick 0ampbell work

Ar "anything said in *atin sounds profound". @ recent ironic *atin phrase to poke fun at people who seem to

@ pun on quod erat demonstrandum.

3rom 0icero(s @d 0atilinam speech to the +oman $enate regarding the conspiracy of 0atilineC quo usque ta

@ccording to 6ulgate translation of )ohn LFCF, $aint :eter asked )esus Domine, quo vadis ;"*ord, where are

The abbreviation is often written at the bottom of a mathematical proof. $ometimes translated loosely into

Ar "which was to be constructed". Esed in translations of 2uclid(s 2lements when there was nothing to prov

f no grounds have been given for an assertion, there is no need to provide grounds for contradicting it.

Thought to have originated with 2li9abethan playwright 0hristopher 4arlowe. Generally interpreted to mea

+efers to the $panish Eniversity of $alamanca, meaning that education cannot substitute the lack of brains

Esed after a term or phrase that should be looked up elsewhere in the current document or book. 3or more

The number of members whose presence is required under the rules to make any given meeting constitutio

Ar "there are as many opinions as there are people".

@n e!traordinary or unusual thing. 3rom )uvenal(s $atiresC rara avis in terris nigroque simillima cygno ;"a ra The legal, moral, political, and social principles used by a court to compose a judgment(s rationale.

@ law(s foundation or basis.

Ar "according to the soil". @ssigning property rights to a thing based on its presence on a landowner(s prop

4ore literally, "by the thing". 3rom the ablative of res ;"thing" or "circumstance"<. Aften used in e>mail repli

The doctrine that treaty obligations hold only as long as the fundamental conditions and e!pectations that

@lso "just and faithful" and "accurately and faithfully". 4otto of +uyton Girls( $chool

@ common debate technique, and a method of proof in mathematics and philosophy, that proves the thesis

@n argument that creates an in%nite series of causes that does not seem to have a beginning. @s a fallacy, i

Ar "may he rest in peace". @ benediction for the dead. Aften inscribed on tombstones or other grave marke

@ phrase used in law representing the belief that certain statements are made naturally, spontaneously an

@ phrase from the common law of torts meaning that negligence can be inferred from the fact that such an

@ matter which has been decided by a court. Aften refers to the legal concept that once a matter has been

i.e., "e!amine the past, the present and future". 4otto of 00-.

i.e., "have regard for the end" or "consider the end". Generally a memento mori, a warning to remember on

+egarded as a legal ma!im in agency law, referring to the legal liability of the principal with respect to an e

Goods without an owner. Esed for things or beings which belong to nobody and are up for grabs, e.g., uninh

*atin motto that appears on the crest of the Trinity 5roadcasting etwork of :aul and )an 0rouch.

The rigidity of corpses when chemical reactions cause the limbs to sti=en about FSJ hours after death. Athnspirational motto inscribed on the $tatue of +ome.



@n intentionally garbled *atin phrase from 4onty :ython(s *ife of 5rian. ts intended meaning is "+omans, g

3rom 0icero(s De *egibus, book , part , sub. 6. Buoted by )ohn *ocke in his $econd Treatise, An 0ivil G

0hristian epithet, usually referring to )esus. The title of paintings by @lbrecht Drer and *eonardo da 6inci.

@ppears on statements of "account currents".

4ore literally, "$acred $eat". +efers to the :apacy or the 1oly $ee.

Ar "$acred $implicity".

referring to a more sacred andOor guarded place, within a lesser guarded, yet also holy location.

3rom :lautus. ndicates that something can be understood without any need for e!planation, as long as the

in seculo seculorum, amen. 2nd of :ater oster

$ynonymous with $ancta $edes.

Esed in biological classi%cation to indicate that there is no agreement as to which higher order grouping a t

The "seat" is the 1oly $ee, and the vacancy refers to the interregnum between two popes.

4otto of +avenswood $chool for Girls and 2tobicoke 0ollegiate nstitute.

personal motto of 2li9abeth , appears above her royal coat of arms.

4otto of the &[email protected]. *ovania *euven.

4otto of 2!eter and several other cities more recently has become the motto of Enited $tates 4arine 0orp

@ shortened form of a motto of the :rotestant +eformation, 2cclesia reformata semper reformanda est secu

The ocial name of the +oman +epublic. "$:B+" was carried on battle standards by the +oman legions. n

*ess literally, "in the strict sense".4eaning "@fter giving it everything you(ve got against the enemy, save the last e=ort to save yourself".

@ title for the pope.

ducation."

This quote is often attributed to the *atin philosopher 5oethius of the late %fth and early si!th centuries. t t

@ common beginning for ancient +oman letters. @lso e!tended to si vales bene est ego valeo ;"if you are w

3rom 6egetius, 2pitoma rei militaris. Arigin of the name parabellum for some ammunition and %rearms, suc

4ore simply, "yes and no".

3rom 6irgil, @eneid book Q, line JL. :ossibly the source of the ad astra phrases.

@ reminder that all things are 8eeting. During :apal 0oronations, a monk reminds the pope of his mortality

Ar "use your property in such a way that you do not damage others(". @ legal ma!im related to property ow

Ar "such is life". ndicates that a circumstance, whether good or bad, is an inherent aspect of living.

*atini9ation of the 2nglish e!pression "silence is golden". @lso *atini9ed as silentium est aurum ;"silence is

Ar "like cures like". $aid by $amuel 1ahnemann, founder of homeopathy.

*atin forC &eep t $imple, $tupid

Esed in bibliographies to indicate that the date of publication of a document is unknown.

Ariginally from old common law te!ts, where it indicates that a %nal, dispositive order has been made in th

Thus, impartially. 3rom Tacitus, @nnals L.L.Esed in bibliographies to indicate that the place of publication of a document is unknown.



Esed in bibliographies to indicate that the publisher of a document is unknown.

Esed to denote something that is an essential part of the whole. $ee also condicio sine qua non.

$imilar to the 2nglish idiom "pardon my 3rench".

The material principle of the :rotestant +eformation and one of the %ve solas, referring to the :rotestant cl

@ motto of the :rotestant +eformation and one of the %ve solas, referring to the :rotestant claim that salvat

2!ample of dog *atin humor.

The formal principle of the :rotestant +eformation and one of the %ve solas, referring to the :rotestant idea

@ motto of the :rotestant +eformation and one of the %ve solas, referring to the idea that God is the creato

3rom The $econd 0oming ;poem< by 'illiam 5utler -eats. +efers to -eats( belief that each human mind is li

3rom 2l espiritu donde quiera se infunde by 3ernando :orturas ;httpCOOwww.cayetano>pae.orgO$piritus.htm<.

*oosely "splendour without diminishment" or "magni%cence without ruin". 4otto of 5ritish 0olumbia.

"mmediately".

To uphold previous rulings, recogni9e precedent.

4edical shorthand used following an urgent request.

The current condition or situation. @lso status quo ante ;"the state to which before"<, referring to the state

@ common term in peace treaties.

@ttributed to David 1ume.

*ess literally, "in the strict sense".

The title by which 3rederick , 1oly +oman 2mperor, was known. 4ore literally translated "the bewildermen

Esed in citations to refer to the end of a book, page, etc., and abbreviated (s.f.( Esed after the page number

$aid of a case that cannot be publicly discussed until it is %nished. @lso sub iudice.

0ommonly rendered subpoena. $aid of a request, usually by a court, that must be complied with on pain of"n secret", "privately", "con%dentially" or "covertly". n the 4iddle @ges, a rose was suspended from the cei

Thus, "from eternity(s point of view". 3rom $pino9a, 2thics.

ame of the oldest e!tant hymn to the Theotokos ;5lessed 6irgin 4ary<. @lso "under your protection". @ po

Ender the word or heading, as in a dictionary abbreviated s.v.

n a class of its own.

0apable of responsibility. 1as both legal and ecclesiastical use. 0ommonly rendered sui juris.

@ gravestone inscription to remind the reader of the inevitability of death ;cf. memento mori<. @lso rendere

3rom 6irgil, @eneid. 3ollowed by et mentem mortalia tangunt ;"and mortal things touch my mind"<. @eneas

Esed in the conte!t of titles of nobility, for instance where a wife may hold a title in her own right rather th

@lso rendered suo motu. Esually used when a court of law, upon its own initiative, ;i.e., no petition has bee

@ list of congratulations.

"$uch as it is" or "as such".

+ecently amalgamated into popular culture by a character, The Aracle, in the 'achowski 5rothers( LRRR %l

*iterally "1eroic Times". +efers to the period of time between the mythological Titanomachy and the ;relati

3rom *othair .@lso "time, that devours all things", or more literally, "time, devouring of things". 3rom Avid.



0ommonly mistranslated as "time 8ies" due to the similar phrase tempus volat hora fugit.

Ar "time speeds while the hour escapes".

n archaeology or history, refers to the date before which an artifact or feature must have been deposited.

3irst name used to refer to the @ustralian continent.

Aften used to refer to the ground.

@lso *atin name of ewfoundland ;island portion of 0anadian province of ewfoundland and *abrador, capi

That is, no man(s land. @ neutral or uninhabited area, or a land not under the sovereignty of any recogni9ed

Ar "let them give light to the world". @n allusion to saiah .FC plena est omnis terra gloria eius ;"the whole

@ logical a!iom that a claim is either true or false, with no third option.

L. $omething that cannot be classi%ed into either of two groups considered e!haustive an intermediate thi

Esed to e!press the belief in the transfer of imperial authority from the +oman 2mpire of antiquity to the 4

@ decree by the medieval 0hurch that all feuds should be cancelled during the $abbath7e=ectively from '

@lso "even you" or "yes, you", in response to a person(s belief that he will never die. @ memento mori epita

3rom 6irgil, @eneid, , RM.

Ar "utmost good faith" ;cf. bona %de<. @ legal ma!im of insurance contracts requiring all parties to deal in g

Ar "where prosper, there is my country". :atriotic motto.

Ar "where there is liberty, there is my country". :atriotic motto.

re"

@nonymous proverb.dy"

Thus, there can be no judgement or case if no one charges a defendant with a crime. The phrase is someti

4otto of the +oyal +egiment of @rtillery and most other @rtillery corps within the armies of the 5ritish 0om

Ar "whereas, in reality..." @lso rendered ubi revera ;"when, in fact" or "when, actually"<.

from a speech by 0algacus reportedOconstructed by Tacitus, @gricola, ch. FN.

ostalgic theme of poems yearning for days gone by. 3rom the line ubi sunt qui ante nos fuerunt ;"'here a

@ single e!ample of something positive does not necessarily mean that all subsequent similar instances wil

*ess literally, "the only safe bet for the vanquished is to e!pect no safety". :receded by moriamur et in me

3rench cannon.

3ormerly used in formal correspondence to refer to the previous month. Esed with inst. ;"this month"< and

"'ithout authority". Esed to describe an action done without proper authority, or acting without the rules.

Esed in criticism of inconsistent pleadings, ie. "one cannot argue uno 8atu both that the company does not

@n average person.

4eaning "To +ome and the 'orld". @ standard opening of +oman proclamations. @lso a traditional blessing

Thus, the state remains as loyal as ever. 4otto of Antario.

3rom Avid, 2pistulae e! :onto ;, J, KR<.

*itC @s the old proverb says...

an fail"Ar "as on the back side" thus, "as on the previous page" ;cf. ut supra<.



@ traditional brocard. The full form is nterest reipublicae ut sit %nis litium, "it is in the government(s interes

+obert 1ooke(s e!pression of his discovery of his law of linear elasticity.

@ vade>mecum or vademecum is an item one carries around, especially a handbook.

@ttributed by *ivy to 5rennus, the chief of the Gauls, while he demanded more gold from the citi9ens of the

4ore simply, "vanity, vanity, everything vanity". 3rom the 6ulgate, 2cclesiastes, LCH.

@ prophecy made to look as though it was written before the events it describes, while in fact being written

$ummary of alternatives, ie. "this action turns upon whether the claimant was the deceased(s grandson vel

, until you are complete again"

@ legal ma!im.

+efers to perfect transcription or quotation.

@ priest ;cf. 6erbum Dei<.

$ee sacred te!t.

@ warning to withdraw, implying that if the opportunity is not taken the admonished person will be e!posed

$eneca.

*iterally "in the direction". 4istakenly used in 2nglish as "against" ;probably from "adversus"<, particularly t

The right to unilaterally stop a certain piece of legislation. Derived from ancient +oman voting practices.

Ar "$trength with 0ourage". 4otto of @scham $chool and the 4c0ulloch clan crest.

Thus, "by way of" or "by means of". Thus, "one who acts in place of another". 0an be used as a separate word, or as a hyphenated pre%!C "6ice

Thus, "the other way around", "conversely", etc. 1istorically, vice is more properly pronounced as two sylla

$ee aut vincere aut mori.

*ucanus, :harsalia L, LHI. Dedication on the south side of the 0onfederate 4emorial at @rlington ational

0hoosing to consciously follow the worse of two options.

The motto of Bueen 2li9abeth of 2ngland.

0aspar 1ofmann after being shown proof of the circulatory system by 'illiam 1arvey.

Ar "he who prevails over himself is victorious". Ar "$he conquers who conquers herself" as used in mottos

$tate motto of @ndorra.

Thus, a previous life, generally due to reincarnation.

To make more sense in 2nglish, "The most certain thing in life is death".

Esually translated "*ong live the &ing#" @lso 6ivat +egina ;"*ong live the Bueen#"<.

0icero. 0ompare with "cogito ergo sum".

$eneca ;2pist. R,M<. 0ompare with "militia est vita hominis" 5ook of )ob KCL

The phrase essentially means that one should live life to the fullest and without fear of a possible future co

@ttributed to the Aracle at Delphi. Esed by 0arl )ung as a personal motto adorning his home and grave.used in tort law to delineate the principle that one cannot be held liable for injuries in8icted on an individua



3rom saiah JN, and quoted by )ohn the 5aptist in the Gospels. Esually the "voice" is assumed to be shoutin

Eseless or ambiguous phrase or statement.

$ometimes e!tended to vo! populi vo! Dei ;"the voice of the people is/ the voice of God"<. n its original c



ce.

ay speech, it denotes something occurring or being known before the event.

a valid logical argument.

at an argument from inconvenience has great weight.

hen the court declared it so. @ judicial declaration of the invalidity of a marriage ab initio

r (person( is meant, as the phrase probably elides "homo," not "vir."

unded"<.

verbo, meaning "may ill will be absent from the word" ;cf. absit iniuria verbis<.

the last one, as a fourth would normally be e!pected.



that earned the degree at another college.

ome degree dependent on the qualities of the proponent.

eek &alends" would never occur.

sed when someone improvises or ignores limitations.

it".

ria<.

in"<.

the point of no return on a momentous decision and entering into a risky endeavor where



traditional school anthem.

uted to 0icero.

th males and females. The word derives from alere, "to nourish", a graduate being someo

re )esus( birth were once marked with a. 0.n ;@nte 0hristum atum, "5efore 0hrist was 5o

terrifying year". $ee also annus terribilis.

ince been used to refer to other years, especially to LRNM, when @lbert 2instein made equ

dum ;"to capturing"<, ad consequentiam ;"to the consequence"<, ad crumenam ;"to the p



nging the *atin to nos morituri te salutamus. @lso rendered with imperator instead of 0ae

will belongs to the archbishop of that province.

h the scribe misread as indie busillis magnis plenU ;"in ndia there were plenty of large b

clude "n conclusion, declare that 0arthage must be destroyed." and "3urthermore, mov





ife>giving force behind the natural world.

a matter of belief, rather than reason. The misquoted phrase, however, is commonly use

supervillain group. The opposite is cui malo ;"5ad for whom?"<.

m the verb "to be" is often assumed in *atin, and is rarely required.

imis is a legal term referring to things unworthy of the law(s attention.

e. n other conte!ts, it refers to taboos against critici9ing the recently deceased.



anks are state banks that have been in operation for %ve years or less.

he Dioscuri onto the stage to resolve an insuperable conflict in the plot.

iates is dependent on the presence of e!treme pain. To justify the recreational use of opiat

ments by hic situs est ;1. $. 2.<, "he lies here".



hip"<. 2arlier than 0icero, the phrase had been used by $allust in his 5ellum 0atilinae ;MJ.

r things"<, is also common. @:@ style uses et al. if the work cited was written by more tha

t of law will not assist a man who bases his course of action on an immoral or illegal act.

phy and modern science, while e! nihilo is used in theology to refer to various creationist

st the actions or disposition of the recipient.

l fallacy< that person(s ignorance of the matter or their inability to counterargue validly.

is est".



to e!clude mines other than coal mines. $ometimes e!pressed as e!pressum facit cessare

boration.

ington, @ngelo $tate Eniversity, Eniversity of *ethbridge, +ollins 0ollege, 1iram 0ollege a



r(s legal right to challenge the legality of their detention.

ces appear adverse.

t cultures and being humane in general. :uto ;" consider"< is not translated because it is

ng. 2lenchi is from the Greek elenchos.



lled an "in personam judgment." n personam is distinguished from in rem, which applies

.g. a neutron di=raction study of a metal under thermo>mechanical conditions rather than



term is not speci%c to the materials involved, but rather to the "non>natural" setting empl

from $ection FL in destabili9ing the +omulan $enate.

itism has come to mean any unsupported rhetorical assertion that lacks a logical argume

.

laws"<.

anging social and political attitudes. Generally included are prohibitions on waging aggres



from dolorum ipsum quia, meaning "sorrow because of itself", or less literally, "pain for its

former word is derived from the latter word because of a lack of light in wooded groves.

re isn(t an actual handwritten signature.

s wrote it with his %ngers. @fter the game(s main character surveys the bloody room, ass

saidC (*et there be light.( @nd there was light"<. 4otto of the Eniversity of 'ashington.



ity of death. @ more common theme in 0hristian than in 0lassical art. The motto of the Tra

E$ 4*2$ G*A+A$E$.<

this idea, using a depiction of this phrase inscribed on the :illars7as plus ultra, without t

parts of the painting, @pelles rebuked him with this phrase in Greek, and it subsequently

e replied. The phrase has been adapted to "&ill them all, let God sort (em out" and is a co

endant is not obligated to in any way assist the prosecutor to his own detriment nemo te



ommonwealth and one of the cornerstones of its Golden *iberty.

rk on a useless thing who build it unless the *ord guards the community, he keeps watch

RRN, he is referring to the fact that those who had supported 0ommunism in 2ast 2urope

llow from a premise.



a lege poenali

ade in passing.

nineteenth )ames 5ond %lm, The 'orld s ot 2nough.



s, an Ald *atin e!pression preserving the archaic >as ending.

e $ociety. De :rofundus @d @stra ;"3rom the depths to the stars."< is the motto of the *@$3

ed, sometimes through incorrect translation of the alternative abbreviation per pro. as "fo

h he is sent.



ght to derive from pons facere ;"to make a bridge"<, which in turn is usually linked to their

l. @nother obsolete motto is aut concilio aut ense.

@ngola ;LRKM>K and LRIK>II<

C "concerning a matter having been born"<.

and wise"<.



nt.

! 4a!imus, 0aesar, and hosted by his second wife, :ompeia, the notorious rhetorian 0lodi

ta latina.

sites, anore!ics and bulimics. n this case the phrase is literally describing food.

ing", is 2nglish usage.

in which the logic of an argument is challenged by reducing the concept to its most absu

@n argument which does not seem to have such a beginning becomes dicult to imagine.

by the witness who will later repeat the statement to the court< and thus the courts believ

hat the hell does it say?"<, which serves as a reminder that one must still interpret the si

ll cause the principal ;the employer< to be legally liable, even if the employer did nothing



g the palace walls with this phrase, rather than punish him, the centurion corrects his *ati

s "a word to the wise is enough"<.

per 3i.

h must continually re>e!amine itself, reconsider its doctrines, and be prepared to accept c

od. @mong other functions it e!presses actions contrary to fact. $ir 1umphrey @ppleby tr

lories. This is similar to the tradition of a slave in +oman triumphs whispering "memento



phrase, as well as with @4DG ;ad maiorem Dei gloriam<.

ng(s concept of the collective unconscious.

noise, you don(t know where it comes from or where it goes. The same thing happens to

d subpoena ad testi%candum ;"under penalty to testify"<, a summons to appear and giveology, where @phrodite gave a rose to her son 2ros, and he, in turn, gave it to 1arpocrates



nctual event ;period, era, etc.<, while terminus a quo ;"limit from which"< may refer to the

ion verb, whereas it is actually a present subjunctive %rst>conjugation verb. 4otto of @mh

orse, where character 0lark translates it as "the one hope of the doomed is not to hope f



, correct pronunciation would be 'ee>keh 'ehr>suh/.



eacon of education and culture in the "wilderness" of ew 1ampshire.

arlemagne that nec audiendi qui solent dicere vo! populi vo! Dei quum tumultuositas vulg



is a nullity. n science, refers to the %rst principles. n other conte!ts, often refers to begin



the outcome is left to chance.



e who was raised and taken care of at the school ;cf. alma mater<.

rn"<, but now use the 2nglish abbreviation 50 ;"5efore 0hrist"<.

ally revolutionary discoveries concerning the photoelectric e=ect, 5rownian motion and th

rse"<, ad feminam ;"to the woman"<, ad hominem ;"to the person"<, ad ignorantiam ;"to i



ar.

sillis"<.

e for 0arthage to be destroyed."





to mock the dogmatic beliefs of the religious ;see %deism<. This phrase is commonly sho



es by referring to a cancer patient or to justify arresting said cancer patient by comparing



<, where he wrote that 0ato "esse quam videri bonus malebat" ;"he preferred to be good,

n two authors 4*@ style uses et al. for more than three authors.

eligious traditions that hold that the universe was created by God "out of nothing".



tacitum ;broadly, "the e!pression of one thing e!cludes the implication of something else

d @lfred Eniversity.



meaningless outside of the line(s conte!t within the play.



o property or "all the world" instead of a speci%c person. This technical distinction is impo

post>mortem. n chemical conte!ts, in situ indicates that a reagent had been made in 8as



yed. @lternative e!perimental or process methodologies would include in vitro, in silico, e

t.

sive war, crimes against humanity, war crimes, piracy, genocide, slavery, and torture.



own sake".

ften used as an e!ample of absurd etymology.

ciative logic dictates that the phrase was to deify both the vampire(s wrath on shackled,



pist order.

e negation. This represented $pain(s e!pansion into the ew 'orld.

became a popular *atin e!pression.

monly used military proverb to this day.

etur edere instrumenta contra se ;"no one is bound to produce documents against himsel



in vain who guards it"<. The motto of 2dinburgh.

ere in a position that was uncomfortable for them.





$.

r and on behalf of".



religious authority over the bridges of +ome, especially the :ons $ublicius.



us arrived in disguise. 0aught by the outraged noblewomen, 0lodius 8ed before they coul

d e!treme. Translated from @ristotle(s " _ W] \W\Z" ;hi eis atopon apagogi, "r

e that such statements carry a high degree of credibility.

ni%cance of events that "speak for themselves".

rong.



grammar, e!plaining that +omanus is a second declension noun and has its plural in >i ra

hange, in order to conform more closely to orthodo! 0hristian belief as revealed in the 5ib

nslated it to the :4 asC "f you(d kept your mouth shut we might have thought you were cl

ori".



whomever has been born of the $pirit". t is the motto of 0ayetano 1eredia Eniversity.

ral testimony., the god of silence, to ensure that his mother(s indiscretions7or those of the gods in gen



earliest such date.

rst 0ollege the college(s original mission was to educate young men to serve God.

or safety".





i semper insaniae pro!ima sit, meaning "@nd those people should not be listened to who k



er or training courses. @b initio mundi means "from the beginning of the world".





e special theory of relativity. ;$ee @nnus 4irabilis :apers<

norance"<, ad judicium ;"to judgment"<, ad la9arum ;"to poverty"<, ad logicam ;"to logic"<







rtened to credo quia absurdum, and is also sometimes rendered credo quia impossibile est



him to the recreational user would be a dicto simpliciter.



rather than to seem so"<. 2arlier still, @eschylus used a similar phrase in $even @gainst T



<.





rtant to determine where to %le a lawsuit and how to serve a defendant. n personam mea

k immediately prior to its use in the reaction.



! vivo and in vivo.



owerless humans and the boundless slaughter of his victims.



f", meaning that a defendant is not obligated to provide materials to be used against hims











kill him on the spot for sacrilege. n the ensuing trial, allegations arose that :ompeia and

duction to the impossible"<.



ther than >es that ire or eo ;"to go"< must be in the imperative mood to denote a comman

le. The shortened form, semper reformanda, literally means "always about to be reformed

ever".



ral, in other accounts7were kept under wraps.







eep saying, (The voice of the people is/ the voice of God,( since the riotousness of the cro







, ad metum ;"to fear"<, ad misericordiam ;"to pity"<, ad nauseam ;"to nausea"<, ad novitat







;" believe it because it is impossible"<or, as Darwin used it in his autobiography, credo q





ebes, line MRH, "ou gar dokein aristos, all( enai thelei" ;"his resolve is not to seem the bes







ns that a judgment can be enforceable against the person, wherever he or she is. An the o







elf ;this is true in +oman law and has survived in modern criminal law, but no longer appli











0lodius were having an a=air, and while 0aesar asserted that this was not the case and n



d and that domus takes the accusative case without a preposition as the object. The %nal

, but the usual translation is taken from the full sentence where it is used in a passive per









d is always very close to madness."J/







m ;"to novelty"<, ad personam ;"to the character"<, ad numerum ;"to the number"<, ad od







ia incredibile.





, but in fact to be the best"<.







ther hand, if the lawsuit is to determine title to property ;in rem<, then the action must be







s in modern civil law< and nemo tenere prodere seipsum ;"no one is bound to betray him











substantial evidence arose suggesting otherwise, he nevertheless divorced, with this qu



result of this lesson is the correct *atin phrase +omani ite domum.

iphrastic construction to mean "always reforming."















ium ;"to spite"<, ad populum ;"to the people"<, ad temperantiam ;"to moderation"<, ad ver

















%led where the property e!ists and is only enforceable there.







self"<, meaning that a defendant is not obligated to testify against himself.











tation as e!planation.

















ecundiam ;"to reverence"<, e! silentio ;"from silence"<, and in terrorem ;"into terror"<.



























































































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ITALIC Latin Pfvhrases