ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo univrsiteti ramaz

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo univrsiteti

ramaz gerliani

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gavlena ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebze

d i s e r t a c i a

ekonomikis doqtoris

akademiuri xarisxis mosapoveblad

- 2 -

mecnier_xelmZRvaneli: eTer xaraiSvili

Tsu sruli profesori

Tbilisi 2013

S i n a a r s i

Sesavali . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Tavi I. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da ekonomikuri

zrdis Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi . . 16

1.1 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis Sefasebis

Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi . . . . . 16

1.2 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi ekonomikis

sxvadasxva doneze . . . . . . . . . 30

Tavi II. ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri

krizisebi . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.1 ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, recesiebi და maTi axsnis

mecnieruli gzebi . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.2 ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikis cikluri

ganviTareba . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

2.3 ekonomikuri Tavisufleba - globaluri krizisidan

lokalur warmatebamde . . . . . . . . . 57

Tavi III. kerZo sakuTrebis analizi da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxi . . . . . . . . . 62

3.1 kerZo sakuTreba - ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

garanti . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

- 3 -

3.2 kerZo sakuTreba saqarTveloSi da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis Ddone . . . . . . . . . . 72

Tavi IV. ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da

ekonomikuri zrda . . . . . . . . . 113

4.1 ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebisa da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis urTierTdamokidebuleba . . . . 113

4.2 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis Sefaseba . . . 113

4.3 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebisa da mSp

urTierTdamokidebulebis analizi . . . . . . 158

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi . . . . . . . 172

gamoyenebuli literatura . . . . . . . . 184

- 4 -

S e s a v a l i

problemis aqtualuroba. kacobriobis ganviTareba Tavisuflebas da

Sesabamisad ekonomikur Tavisuflebas ukavSirdeba. Tavisufleba iyo

mTavari motivi da piroba, ris gamoc adamianTa sazogadoeba veluri

cxovrebidan istoriuli ganviTarebis stadiebis gavliT dRemde, civilur

samyaromde movida da misi udidesi nawili Camoyalibda kidec Tavisufal

sazogadoebad; ekonomikur Tavisuflebac mudmivi da ganuyreli Tanmxlebi

moTxovna iyo Tavisuflebis maZiebeli sazogadoebisTvis.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

samyaros mamoZravebeli Zala Tavisufal adamianTa sazogadoebaa,

saxelmwifo ekonomikuri politika ki, mis dasacavad da gasamtkiceblad

arsebul qmedebaTa erToblioba. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad efeqtianad

axerxebs amas esa Tu is saxelmwifo.

miuxedavad sazogadoebriv politikuri wyobilebebis cvlilebebisa,

romlis mudmivi Tanmdevi procesia Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba, maTdami moTxovna ar Semcirebula. piriqiT, Tavisufleba

ikavebs centralur adgils civilur samyaroSi - pirovnuli

Tavisuflebidan saxelmwifoebriv Tavisuflebamde, masTan erTad

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebac centraluri faseulobaa Tanamedrove

sazogadoebisTvis.

swored ekonomikur Tavisuflebas unda umadlodes mTeli samyaro

saqonelTa gacvlisa da vaWrobis ganviTarebas, romelmac ganapiroba

saerTaSoriso urTierTobebi, Sesabamisad, samyaro ufro erTiani da

srulfasovani gaxada.

Tanamedrove etapze msoflioSi ekonomikuri Tvisufleba

- 5 -

gansakuTrebiT sabazro ekonomikam wamowia wina planze da is sadReisod

warmoadgens qveynebis ekonomikuri warmatebis miRwevis umTavres pirobas.

amrigad, msoflioSi yvela politikosi Tu mTavroba mudmivad iRvwis da

saubrobs Tu rogor izruneben sazogadoebis ekonomikur damoukideblobasa

da Tavisuflebaze.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba Tavisi farTo gagebiT sazogadoebis

yvela fenisa da civilizaciis moTxovna gaxda. misi aqtualuroba

erTmniSvnelovani da faseulia, rogorc TiToeuli rigiT adamianisTvis,

aseve saxelmwifosa da globaluri samyaros yvela ekonomikuri

segmentisTvis.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba miCneulia ekonomikuri keTildReobis

zrdis faqtorad, sazogado sikeTeTa zrdasa da ganviTarebis

maxasiaTeblad, amitomac is mTavari miswrafebaa yvela saxelmwifos,

romelasc surs iyos civiluri samyaros nawili da qondes maRali

cxovrebis done. Sesabamisad ekonomikuri Tavisufleba Sejibrisa da

jansaRi konkurenciis mTavari faqtoria saxelmwifoebsa da regionebs

Sorisac ki.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis aqtualuroaba ganpirobebulia social-

ekonomikuri problemebiTac, romelTa daZlevis SesaZleblobebsac zrdis

is. amiT ekonomikuri Tavisufleba socialuri fenomenic ki gaxda, rac

uzrunvelyofs adamianTa cxovrebis donis amaRlebas da socialuri

pirobebis yvela maxasiTebliT gaumjobesebas.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvlevis aqtualuroba ar eqvemdebareba

droTa cvalebadobas, mas ar aqvs zRvari da raRac konkretuli idealuri

mdgomareoba, romlis miRwevis Semdegac SesaZlebeli iqneba TamamadD Tqma

imisa, rom ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis etapi miRweulia da gavlili. is aris

ekonomikuri moRvaweobisa da saxelmwifoebrivi cxovrebis Tanmxlebi

procesi, fenomeni, romelic droSi progresirebadia da sazogadoebis,

ekonomikis ganviTarebasTan erTad viTardeba. amasTan, yvela ekonomikur

gamowvevasTan erTad axal sicocxles iZens. amitom ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba aris sakiTxi, romlis kvleva Tanamedrove ekonomikur

urTierTobebSi aucilebeli da saWiroa.

zogadad ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis roli mniSvnelovania

- 6 -

saxelmwifoebisa da sazogadoebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. upirveles

yovlisa, Tavisufali neba qmnis sazogadoebas mTeli Tavisi materialuri

da sulieri faseulobebiT. xolo saxelmwifo ver iarsebebs sazogadoebisa

da materialuri faseulobebis gareSe.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba esaWiroeba yvela qveynis ekonomikas,

romelic aRiarebs saqonelTa Tavisufali gacvlisa da bazris arsebobis

aucileblobas, romlis mizanic aris ekonomikuri aRmavloba, ekonomikuri

zrda da keTildReobis maCvenebelTa amaRleba.

saqarTvelosTvis rogorc axalgazrda sabazro ekonomikaze

orientaciis mqone qveynisTvis ekonomikuri Tavisufleba gansakuTrebulad

mniSvnelovania. miT umetes, rom qveynis ekonomikas mZime xvedrad xvda

yofiliyo araTavisufali mbrZanebluri sabWoTa ekonomikis nawili.

postsabWoTa sivrcisTvis gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba da misi mTavari elementebi: kerZo sakuTreba, misi gankargva,

floba da dacva; aseve, yvela ekonomikuri sfero, raSic ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba gamoixateba - Tavisufali fasebidan Tavisufal

faswarmoqmnamde; saxelmwifo bazridan kerZo Tavisufal bazramde;

direqtiuli dagegmvidan indikatorul programebamde; saxelmwifo

biurokratiidan demokratiamde; SezRuduli finansuri SesaZleblobidan

farTo sainvesticio Tavisuflebamde da a.S.; lokaluri ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis amaRlebiT globaluri konkurentunarianobis xelSewyoba,

ekonomikuri zrda da moqalaqeTa keTildReoba.

sabazro ekonomika, uwinares yovlisa, ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da

kerZo sakuTrebas emyareba, rac arCevanis TavisuflebaSi gamovlindeba.

arCevani jansaRi konkurenciis umTavresi winapirobaa, xolo konkurencia -

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTadi mamoZravebeli Zala.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, rac mTavaria, qmnis niadags novaciebisa da

progresisTvis, ekonomikis mdgradi ganviTarebisTvis rogorc mokle aseve

grZelvadiani periodSi.

yovelive zemoxsenebulis gareSe SeuZlebelia ama Tu im

saxelmwifom globalizaciis pirobebSi ekonomikur warmatebas miaRwios

qveynis SigniT Tu saerTaSoriso doneze.

gardamavali tipis da ganviTarebadi qveynebis ekonomikebisTvis

- 7 -

gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxs

sabazro sistemis CamoyalibebaSi. faqtobrivad is warmoadgens mTavar

faqtors axali TviTganviTarebadi, Zlieri, regeneraciis unaris mqone

ekonomikuri sistemis Camosayalibeblad.

amrigad, problemis aqtualuroba ganisazRvreba ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxis kvlevis aucileblobiT, Tanamedrove pirobebSi

ekonomikis strategiuli gansazRvris mimarTulebebis SemuSavebisa da

mdgradi ekonomikuri zrdis misaRwevad ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

aucileblobiT.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis arsi sazogadoebis keTildReobis

zrdaSia da Sesabamisad mas ekonomikur zrdasac ukavSireben. es ori

mWidro kavSirSi myofi fenomeni mniSvnelovani sakiTxebia Yyvela

sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifosTvis, rac kidev ufro sainteresos xdis

ekonomikur Tavisuflebis problemis kvlevas.

problemis Seswavlis mdgomareoba. Tanamedrove sabazro

urTierTobebidan gamomdinare, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba gaxda mecnierTa

kvlevis da sazogadoebrivi ganxilvis farTo sagani, gansakuTrebiT gasuli

saukunidan. ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis mniSvnelobisadmi mecnieruli

interesi dRiTidRe izrdeba, mas ikvlevs uamravi mecnieri, romelTagan

aRsaniSnavia: f. a. fon haeki, l. fon mizesi, m. fridmeni, l. erhardi, mari n.

roTbardi, r. lousoni da sxvebi. mkvlevarebma didi wvlili Seitanes ara

marto ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis arsis mecnierul axsnaSi, aramed

daasabuTes ekonomikis ganviTarebisTvis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

xarisxis mniSvneloba, aseve aCvenes Tavisuflebis roli socialuri

keTildReobis amaRlebaSi.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba uamravi saerTaSoriso kvleviTi

institutis interes iwvevs, aRniSnuli institutebi TiToeuli qveynis

Ddoneze axdenen ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis gazomvas da SemdgomSi mis

sazogado produqtad qcevas. es gamomdinareobs sxvadasxva qveynis

mTavrobisa da investorebis interesebidan, raTa gaerkvnen da dagegmon

Sesabamisi samoqmedo starategia Tavisufali ekonomikuri urTierTobebis

Sesabamisad.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis principebs eyrdnoba uamravi

- 8 -

ganviTarebuli qveyana Sesabamisi politikis gatarebisas, rac xels uwyobs

ekonomikuri keTildReobis zrdas biznes saqmianobis gamartivebiTa da

Tavisufali bazris xelSewyobiT.

qarTvel mecnierTagan aRsaniSnavia: r. gvelesiani, m. TeTruaSvili, e.

meqvabiSvili, g. RaRaniZe, g. jandieri, i. CxaiZe, e. xaraiSvili da sxvebi,

romlebsac ekonomikuri Tavisufleba konkurenciis, sakuTebisa da

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis TvalTaxedvidan aqvT Seswavlili.

saqarTveloSi, iseve rogorc postsabWoTa sivrceSi, sabazro

urTierTobebi da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba damkvidrebis stadiazea.

Sesabamisad, problema naklebadaa Seswavlili ekonomikur realobasTan

mimarTebaSi.

amrigad, mkvlevarebis mier problema metwilad Seswavlilia

ganviTarebuli qveynebis analogze, Sesabamisad maTze Teoriuli codna da

praqtikuli gamocdilebac metia dagrovili, vidre axalgazrda sabazro

ekonomikaze orientaciis mqone qveynebze. garadamavali tipis qveynebisTvis

saTanado doneze araa gamokvleuli ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

uzrunvelmyofi faqtorebi, romlebic mniSvnelovania ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis dasadgenad da ekonomikuri zrdisTvis.

miuxedavad imisa, rom uamrav qveyanaSi, maTSoris saqarTveloSic

saerTaSoriso organizaciebi axorcieleben ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

kvlevas, gardamavali tipis qveynebisTvis araa gamokvleuli sakuTrebis,

aqtivebis bazrebis formirebis problemebi.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelmyofi maCveneblebisa da

ekonomikur zrdasTan maTi damokidebulebis siRrmiseuli kvleva

saqarTveloSi ar ganxorcielebula, Sesabamisad problema naklebada

Seswavlili.

kvlevis mizani da amocanebi. kvlevis mizania ekonomikur

Tavisuflebis xarisxis gavlenis Sefaseba ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebze

da Sesabamisi saxelmwifo ekonomikuri strategiisTvis winadadebebis

SemuSaveba.

kvlevis miznidan gamomdinare ganisazRvra Semdegi amocanebi:

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis definiciis mecnieruli

Sefaseba da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mniSvnelobis dadgena sabazro

- 9 -

ekonomikis formirebis procesSi; ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxobrivi

zrdis kvalobaze saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikuri regulirebis

sferoebis gansazRvra;

- sazogadoebrivi, ekonomikuri, da politikuri Tavisuflebis

urTierT damokidebulebis optimaluri arealis dadgena;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gavlena makroekonomikur cvladebze

(investiciebi, danazogi, Semosavlebi, danaxarjebi da a.S.);

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofiT ekonomikuri krizisebis

da Sokebis Serbilebis meqanizmebis gamovlena;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da kerZo sakuTrebis

urTierTdamokidebulebis gansazRvra;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis, ekonomikuri ciklebis da recesiebis

urTierT damokidebulebis mecnieruli analiziT maTi gamomwvevi zogierTi

mizezis axsna;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis uzrunvelmyofi mTavari

faqtoris sakuTrebis Seswavla, kerZo da saxelmwifo sakuTrebis

Tanafardobis dadgena saqarTveloSi; kerZo sakuTrebis mniSvnelobis axsna

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT;

- saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo sakuTrebis gankerZoebis xarvezebis

Cveneba da praqtikuli rekomendaciebis Camoyalibeba, kerZo sakuTrebis

swrafi formirebisa da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarixis amaRlebisaTvis;

- aqtivebis bazrebis Seswavla da maTi urTierTdamokidebulebis

axsna, Tavisufali kerZo bazris uzrunvelmyofi da xelmSemSleli

faqtorebis gamovlena;

- aqtivebis likvidurobis Seswavla sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis

magaliTze, aqtivis Rirebulebaze moqmedi faqtorebis gamovlena;

- saxelmwifo sakuTrebis gankerZoebis zegavlena kerZo garigebebis

Tavisuflebaze, saxelmwifo sakuTrebisa da kerZo sakuTrebis upiratesi

efeqtianobis gansazRvra;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis, kerZo sakuTrebisa da sabazro

motivaciebis urTierTSeTanwyobis optimizacisTvis praqtikuli

rekomendaciebis Camoyalibeba;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis da ekonomikuri zrdis

- 10 -

maCveneblebis urTierTdamokidebulebis dadgena;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis meTodologiisa da

kriteriumebis srulyofis winadadebebis SemuSaveba; ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebis ganxilva sxvadasxava ganviTarebis mqone

qveynebisTvis;

- ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da ekonomikuri zrdis urTierT

damokidebulebis Teoriuli axsna;

- praqtikuli kvlevis safuZvelZe ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis

cvalebadobis Seswavla qveynebis mixedviT da maTi Sedareba ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebis maCveneblebTan;

- kvleviT miRebuli Sedegebis analizi da qveynebis Sesabamisi

jgufebisTvis miRebuli Sedegebis mecnieruli axsna. ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis ideqsebis da mSp-s monacemTa korelaciis gziT gansxvavebis

Tu identurobis dadgena.

kvlevis obieqti. kvlevis obieqtia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis maCvenebleblebis urTierTdamokidebuleba zogad

ekonomikur WrilSi da saqarTvelos magaliTze. mikro, makro da mega

doneze ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis uzrunvelmyofi ekonomikuri

faqtorebis kvleva.

kvleva moicavs ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mniSvnelobis Sefasebas

Sokebis Tavidan asacileblad da Sesarbileblad; ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis mTavari faqtoris - kerZo sakuTrebis da aqtivebis bazris

mniSvnelobas ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT

(zogadad da saqarTveloSi). kerZo sakuTreba da aqtivebis kerZo

sakuTrebad formirebis procesis kavSiri ekonomikur TavisuflebasTan.

kvleva, agreTve, moicavs msoflio avtoritetuli ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis kvleviTi organizaciebis, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis oTxi

indeqsis analizs; ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mixedviT msoflio qveynebis

oTxi jgufis mSp-is (rogorc ekonomikuri zrdis mTavari faqtoris) da

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis reitingebis urTierT damokidebulebis axsnas,

urTierTDSedarebis (monacemTa korelaciis) gziT.

kvlevis Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZvlebi. kvlevis

Teoriuli da meTodologiuri safuZvelia Tanamedrove ekonomikuri

- 11 -

Teoriebi, samecniero-praqtikuli kvlevebi da naSromebi, ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis saerTaSoriso kvleviTi organizaciebis ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis sakiTxebSi Catarebuli kvlevebi, ekonomikuri skolebis da

institutebis (organizaciebis) zogadi da samecniero krebulebi,

koncefciebi, monacemebi da saarqivo masalebi.

naSromSi gamoyenebulia sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis kvleviT sakiTxebze arsebuli Tanamedrove literatura,

saqarTvelos finansTa saministros `momsaxurebis saagentos” da

`saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros

privatizebis departamentis~ oficialur eleqtronul masalebi da

monacemebi, arsebuli samTavrobo dokumentebi; agreTve, statistikis

erovnuli samsaxuris, msoflio bankis da msoflios savaluto fondis,

oficialur eleqtronuli gverdebidan mopovebuli monacemebi da masalebi.

samaoqalaqo sazogadoebis da damoukidebeli eqspertebis mier

gamoqveynebuli ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis analizTan dakavSirebuli

masalebi. msoflioSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvleviTi organizaciebis

angariSebi, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis, biznesis keTebis da globaluri

konkurentunarianobis ganmsazrvreli indeqsebi;

kvlevebis periodi moicavs 2000-2012 wlebs.

naSromSi gamoyenebulia dialeqtikuri, analizis, sinTezis,

statistikuri da Sedarebis meTodebi; empiriuli meTodi TviTdakvirvebisa

da praqtikuli monawileobis gziT miRebuli Sedegebis mecnieruli

SeswavlisTvis, kvleviT monacemebs Soris urTierdamokidebulebis

asaxsnelad veyrdnobiT monacemTa korelacias da SedarebiTi analizs.

naSromis mecnieruli siaxle. naSromis mecnierul siaxles

warmoadgens, sazogadoebrivi, ekonomikuri da politikuri Tavisuflebis

urTierTdamokidebulebis modelis Sesabamisad ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis

gavlenis dadgena ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebze; sabazro

urTierTobebis pirobebSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xelSewyobiT

krizisuli ciklebis Serbilebis meqanizmebis SemuSaveba; kerZo bazris

ganviTarebis faqtorebis SeswavliT postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebis, maT

Soris saqarTvelos, Tavisuflebis mTavari faqtoris kerZo sakuTrebis

formirebisa da ganviTarebis meqanizmebis Seqmna; kerZo sakuTrebis

- 12 -

formirebis da ganviTarebis mniSvnelobis axsna ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

uzrunvelyofis TvalsazrisiT.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis meTodologiis srulyofis

winadadebebi postsbWoTa qveynebisaTvis; ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebis da ekonomikuri zrdis urTierT damokidebulebis mecnieruli

Seswavla.

naSromis mecnierul siaxleTa Soris aRsaniSnavia:

• Seswavlilia sazogadoebrivi, ekonomikuri, da politikuri

Tavisuflebis zemoqmedeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis

cvlilebaze, SemuSavebulia Sesabamisi sferoebis

urTierTdamokidebulebis modeli;

• ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis Seswavlis safuZvelze

gaanalizebulia Semosavlebis da danaxarjebis urTierTdamokidebuleba

da danazogis formireba-dagrovebis SesaZleblobebi;

• gaanalizebulia ekonomikur erTeulTa saqmianobis Tavisufali

arealis mniSvneloba da cvlilebis Sedegebi;

• ganxilulia saxelmwifo monopoliuri regurirebis aucilebloba

da dasabuTebulia misi damokidebuleba ekonomikur TavisuflebasTan

doneebis mixedviT;

• axsnilia sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi recesiis gamomwvevi

mizezebi sasaqonlo doneze da SemoTavazebulia recesiis siRrmis

Semcirebis rigi sakiTxebi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gziT;

• saqonelTa sasicocxlo ciklebis analizis meSveobiT axsnilia

cikluri vardnis gamomwvevi mizezebi; gaanalizebulia danazogis

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da cikluri vardnis urTierD damokidebulebis

segmentebi; ekonomikuri Tvisuflebaze dayrdnobiT mocemulia globaluri

krizisis lokalur warmatebad qcevis xedva;

• Seswavlilia aqtivebis bazrebi da maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis uzrunvelsayofad; dasabuTebulia ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis asamaRleblad kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis aucilebloba,

saqarTvelosa da postsabWoTa qveynebisTvis;

- 13 -

• miwis sami eleqtronuli bazris magaliTze Catarebulia kvleva

aqtivebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebis procesze da gamovlenilia

Tavisufali kerZo bazris Semaferxebeli faqtorebi;

• grafiikis meSveobiT axsnilia saxelmwifo da kerZo bazris

urTierTdamokidebuleba; aqtivebze Tavisufali faswarmoqmnis

problemebis SeswavliT axsnilia aqtivebis gankerZoebis upiratesoba

saxelmwifosTvis misaRebi finansuri Semosavlebis mxriv;

• SemuSavebulia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis

meTodologiis srulyofis winadadebebi postsabWoTa qveynebisTvis;

• dasabuTebulia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsa da ekonomikur

zrdas Soris logikuri kavSirebi;

• korelaciis gziT gamovlenilia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebis da ekonomikuri zrdis mTavari faqtoris mSp-is

urTierTdamokidebuleba msoflio qveynebis magaliTze, dadgenilia

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gavlena ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebze.

naSromis Teoriuli da praqtikuli mniSvneloba. naSromSi miRebuli

Teoriuli da praqtikuli Sedegebi zogadad xels Seuwyobs ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxis dadgenasa da amaRlebas, ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebis analizSi Tavisuflebis rolis Sefasebas, mosaxleobis

keTildReobis zrdas.

kvlevis Teoriuli da praqtikuli Sedegebis gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia

qveynebis (gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelos) samTavrobo struqturebis mier

ekonomikuri politikis dagegvmisas.

praqtikuli kvlevis Sedegebi aqtivebis bazrebTan da kerZo

sakuTrebis formirebasTan dakavSirebiT SeuZliaT gamoiyenon rigma

saxelmwifoebma, rogorc saqarTveloSi aseve ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

gardamaval etapze myofma saxelmwifoebma gansakuTrebiT

postsocialisturma sivrcem, sadac sakuTrebis formireba jer kidev ara

dasrulebuli.

miwis bazris praqtikuli kvlevis Sedegebisa da monacemebis

gamoiyeneba SesaZlebelia agralur seqtorSi CarTuli an am sferoTi

dainteresebuli nebismieri piris mier rigiTi moqalaqieebidan iuridiul

- 14 -

pirebis CaTvliT, agreTve potenciuri investorebis da samTavrobo

agraluri politikis damgegmav struqturebSi.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis da ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebTan dakavSirebuli winadadebebis gamoyeneba SeuZliaT

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvleviT organizaciebs, ekonomikurad naklebad

ganviTarebuli qveynebisTvis (postsabWoTa sivrce) maTi meTodologiis

dasaxvewad da srulfasovani suraTis misaRebad rig kategoriis qveynebTan

mimarTebaSi.

naSromSi mocemuli praqtikuli da Teoriuli informaciis

gamoyeneba SeuZlia ganxiluli sakiTxebiT dainteresebul specialistebs,

umaRlesi saswavleblis studentebs da mecnier-mkvlevarebs.

naSromSi mocemuli daskvnebi, winadadebebi da praqtikul-Teoriuli

rekomendaciebi SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos, sxvadasxva qveyanaSi

(gansakuTrebiT, postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebSi) ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

xarisxis amRlebas da ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis gaumjobesebas;

sabazro ekonomikuri sistemis Camosayalibeblad Rrma reformebis

ganxorcielebas; agreTve ekonomikuri mdgradobis gaumjobesebas qveynebisa

da regionebis doneze.

kvlevis Sedegebis aprobacia da publikacia. sadisertacio naSromis

kvlevis Sedegebi moxsenda iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis mikroekonomikis kaTedras, agreTve

arasamTavrobo organizacia èkonomikuri politikis eqspertTa centri~-s

eqspertTa klubs. naSromis rigi sakiTxebi moxsenebiT wardgenili iqna

samecniero koloqviumebze iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetSi, aseve saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikul

konferenciaze.

kvlevis ZiriTadi Sedegebi avtoris mier gamoqveynebulia Semdeg

publikaciebSi:

1. èkonomikuri Tavisuflebis roli da farglebi ekonomikur

politikaSi”, Jurnali àxali ekonomisti~, #4, Tb., 2010.

2. ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri krizisebi”,

,,globalizacia, saerTaSoriso biznesis Tanamedrove

- 15 -

problemebi da ganviTarebis tendenciebi”, saerTaSoriso

samecniero praqtikuli konferencia 6-7 aprili, Tb., 2012.

3. èkonomkuri Tavisuflebisa da ekonomikuri krizisebis

zogierTi aspeqtebi~, Jurnali èkonomika~, #3, Tb., 2013.

4. `kerZo sakuTreba rogorc ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis

ganmsazRvreli faqtori~, Jurnali àxali ekonomisti~, #1, Tb.,

2013.

struqtura da moculoba: naSromi Sedgeba Sesavlis, oTxi Tavis, aTi

paragrafis, daskvnebisa da rekomendaciebisagan.

naSromi moicavs eleqtronulad nabeWd 194 gverds (furclis zoma A4;

Sriftis saxeoba – AcadNusx-i (12); striqonebs Soris manZili – 1,5; gverdis

sazRvrebi: marcxnidan 3 sm., marjvnidan – 1 sm., zemodan – 2,5 sm., qvemodan –

2,5 sm).

- 16 -

Tavi I. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da ekonomikuri

zrdis Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi

1.1 Tavisuflebis meTodologiuri safuZveli

„saxelmwifos RerZi aris Tavisufali adamiani, ekonomikuri

sistemisa ki - ekonomikuri Tavisufleba’’ /avtori/

Tavisufleba is ZiriTadi elementia, romelmac mTeli kacobriobis

istoriaSi progresi warmoSva da sazogadoeba dRemde moiyvana.

Tavisufleba swored is ZiriTadi qvakuTxedia, romelic aerTianebs

personebs da qmnis sazogadoebas, erTobas, Zalas. amasTan, mas

SemoqmedebiTi Zala aqvs, xolo sazogadoebis gareSe ver Seiqmneba

saxelmwifo, miT umetes, ver ganviTardeba SemoqmedebiTi sulis gareSe,

romelic warmoebis faqtorTa umTavresi SemakavSirebeli rgoli da

Sesabamisad materialuri keTildReobis wyaroa.

adamianSi Tavisufleba badebs pirovnebas, romelsac surs yvela

sikeTes Tavisuflad flobdes. imisaTvis, rom viyoT Tavisufalni,

aucilebelia, gvqondes sxva adamianebisadmi siyvarulisa da solidarobis

Sinagani RvTiuri Tavisufleba da grZnoba. sxva saxis Tavisufleba Sinagani

sulieri Tavisuflebis anareklia, misi ubralo gamovlinebaa. ,,Tavisufleba

es unikaluri sityvaTa Serwymaa da uflebamosilebas gamoxatavs”.1

Tavisufleba pirvel rigSi sakuTar Tavze uflebamosileba da

sakuTari Tavis gankargvaa, qarTul enaze es gansakuTrebulad kargad da

1 buTxuzi T., `SesaZleblobis aRsruleba~, Tb., 2008. gv. 250.

- 17 -

Sinaarsianad gamoixateba `Tavis~-ùfleba” anu Cven vflobT sakuTar Tavs

da misi ùfalni~, ganmkargavni varT.

Tavisufleba agreTve udidesi madlia, Tumca, ar SeiZleba igi

yvelafris uflebad aRviqvaT. Tavisufleba niSnavs movaleobasac, rac

sakuTari Tavis gankargvisa da sxvisi Tavisuflebis aRiarebaSi,

pativiscemaSi gamoixateba, moraluri sazRvari Tavisuflebis an

Tavisufali nebis iqneba - nu inebeb sxvisTvis imas, rac sakuTari TavisTvis

ar gnebavs - anu gaazrebaSi mdgomareobs, (mxolod amis Semdeg modis

samarTali da kanonebi) gaazreba imisa, rom Tu „me” vinmes („mis”) adgilas

vyofilviyavi misaRebi iqneboda Tu ara, is rac „me” mnebavs, anu sakuTari

Tavis sxvis adgilas dayeneba.

„adamiani gonieri arsebaa, romelic sxva ZuZumwovrebisgan azrovnebis

unariT gansxvavdeba. adamianis saqmianobis mTavar mimarTulebas swored

azrovneba warmoadgens. misi pirovnuli Tavisuflebis didi nawili swored

azrovnebis Tavisuflebaa da Sesabamisad, rac metadaa SezRuduli adamianis

azrovneba, miT ufro araa Tavisufalia igi da, piriqiT.” 2 amrigad,

mivdivarT logikur daskvnamde, azrovnebisa da gaazrebis gareSe

Tavisufleba ar arsebobs.

Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba

da kerZo sakuTreba centralur adgils ikaveben, aZliereben Tavisufal

arCevansa da Tavisufal konkurencias, romlebic uzrunvelyofen

ekonomikur progressa da keTildReobis zrdas.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxs gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba sabazro sistemis CamoyalibebSi gardamavali tipis ekonomikis

qveynebisTvis. faqtobrivad is warmoadgens mTavar faqtors axali

TviTganviTarebadi, Zlieri, regeneraciis unaris mqone ekonomikuri sistemis

Camosayalibeblad.

amrigad, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi da mis mniSvneloba

Tanamedrove sabazro ekonomikuri urTierTobebisTvis ganmsazRvreli

faqtoria. saWiroa ganisazRvros saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikuri

regulirebis sferoebi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxobrivi zrdis

2 jandieri g., ,,kerZo sakuTreba da saqarTvelo“, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis

krebulis III wigni, `liberalizmi da sakuTreba~, Tb., 2005. gv. 5.

- 18 -

kvalobaze.

TavisuflebasTan da ekonomikuri TavisuflebasTan dakavSirebiT rig

gamokvlevebia Catarebuli, naSromebSi mkvlevarebi pirdapir Tu iribad

saubroben ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis rolsa da zomebis kvlevis

aucileblobaze, asaxaven ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi ekonomikuri Tvisebebis

mniSvnelobas.

kvlevebSi ZiriTadaT moyvanilia Tavisuflebis gagebis Zveli

definiciebi, magaliTad, ,,Cemi Tavisufleba iwyeba iq, sadac sxvisi

Tavisufleba mTavrdeba”, 3 an piriqiT. aRniSnul definicias ver

daveTanxmebiT.

xatovnad, rom vTqvaT, Tavisufleba gavs sanTlis naTebas, mis

gamosxivebas, Suqs - da rac metia manaTobeli sanTlebis raodenoba miT

metia naTebis siZliere, anu Cvens SemTxvevaSi T a v i s u f l e b a, misi

siZliere. amrigad, WeSmariti Tavisufleba iq ki ar iwyeba, sadac sxvisi

Tavisufleba mTavrdeba, aramed - Cemi Tavisufleba ufro Zlierdeba sxvisi

TavisuflebiT.

am logikiT vagnebT Tanamedrove Tavisuflebis mTavar elements

`sazogadoebriv Tavisuflebas~, Tu sazogadoeba araa Tavisufali iq

faqtiurad SeuZlebelia cal-calke personebis Tavisuflebis arseboba.

amrigad, damkvidrebuli Zveli definiciisgan gansxvavebiT Cveni

kvleviTi definicia ufro farTo da yovlismomcvelia. Tavisufleba

mxolod im SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba SeizRudos, Tu is winaaRmdegobaSi modis

sxvaTa TavisuflebasTan.

gonieri, Tavisuflebis arsSi Caxeduli adamianebi xvdebian Tavad

SeizRudon Tu sxvebi SezRudon, imis mixedviT, Tu romeli adamianis amagi,

Rvawlia ufro saWiro sazogadoebis keTildReobisa da ganviTarebisTvis.

Sesabamisad, adamianebi aRmoCndebian arCevanis winaSe. swored ase ikveTeba

Tavisuflebis pirveli maxasiaTebeli, ,,arCevani”. Tavis mxriv, gonivruli

arCevani ukve Tavisuflebas warmoadgens, 4 romelic gajerebulia

3 buTxuzi T., `SesaZleblobis aRsruleba~, Tb., 2008. gv. 251. mizesi l. f., haeki f. f., `liberalizmis safuZveli~, Tavisuflebis biblioTeka.

wigni I. Tb, 2004. gv. 65. 4 buTxuzi T., `SesaZleblobis aRsruleba~, Tb., 2008. gv. 251.

- 19 -

solidarobiTa da samarTlianobiT.

zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

samyaros mamoZravebeli Zala Tavisufal adamianTa sazogadoebaa,

saxelmwifo politika ki, sazogadoebis dasacavad da gasamtkiceblad

arsebul qmedebaTa erToblioba. sxva sakiTxia, ramdenad efeqtianad

axerxebs amas esa Tu is saxelmwifo.

arss mowyvetili da aramarTebulia saubari Tavisuflebis zomier

miwodebaze 5 , Tumca es ar exeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis farglebs.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, Tavisi arsiT yovelTvis regulirebadia da

garkveul sazRvrebSia moqceuli, rogorc mikro ise mezo, makro da mega

doneebze.

Tavisuflebis SezRudva marTebuli ar aris (Tavisuflebisa, romelsac

aqvs aramaterialuri RvTiuri safuZveli). rogorc ki Tavisuflebis

gamovlineba anu misgan gamomdinare neba nivTobriv xasiaTSi gadadis, is

iZens ekonomikur xasiaTs, amitom aucilebelia maregulirebeli rolis

Semsrulebeli instituti. aqedan gamomdinare, swored materialur sferoSi

SeiZleba moxdes ekonomikur interesTa dapirispireba, maTi gadakveTa, an

SekavSireba.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi ekonomikuri saqmianobis Tavisufleba

ganpirobebulia kerZo sakuTrebis arsebobiT, rac arCevanis Tavisuflebas

zrdis, xels uwyobs Tavisufal konkurencias da Tavisufal gacvlas

bazarze.

imisaTvis, rom sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi realur ekonomikur

Tavisuflebaze visaubroT, unda gvqondes dominirebadi kerZo sakuTreba,

radgan kerZo sakuTrebis dominirebis principzea agebuli sabazro

ekonomika, Tundac ,,socialuri sabazro ekonomika” (,,socialurad

pasuxismgebeli Tavisufali bazari”).6

m. fridmenis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, ,,istoriuli faqtebi politikur

Tavisuflebasa da Tavisufal bazars Soris urTierTdamokidebulebaze

Sexmatkbilebulad metyvelebs. arasdros da arsad ar arsebula

5 buTxuzi T., `SesaZleblobis aRsruleba~, Tb., 2008. gv. 251. 6 hendersoni d. r., ,,germaniis ekonomikuri saswauli”, Tavisuflebis biblioTeka.

krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba~, Tb. 2008. gv. 17.

- 20 -

sazogadoeba, romelsac didi politikuri Tavisuflebis niSnebi hqondes da,

amave dros, mTeli ekonomikuri saqmianobis mosawesrigeblad Tavisufali

bazris msgavs rames ar iyenebdes”.7

saerTod rogorc ukve vaxseneT, rodesac idealuri faseulobebi

iReben materialur xasiaTs, Cndeba zRvari Tavisuflebasa da ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas Soris. Tumca isini gamijnuli ar arian erTmaneTisagan,

aramed mWidrod arian SekavSirebuli. metic, sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi

isini cal-calke, erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad ar arseboben.

swored am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi gvaqvs saqme ekonomikur

TavisuflebasTan da ukve saWiro xdeba misi rolisa da zomis gansazRvra

saxelmwifo ekonomikuri politikis meSveobiT.

zogadad ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis roli udidesia saxelmwifoebisa

da sazogadoebis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. upirveles yovlisa,

Tavisufali neba qmnis sazogadoebas materialuri da sulieri

faseulobebiT. saxelmwifo ver iarsebebs verc sazogadoebisa da verc

materialuri faseulobebis gareSe (igulisxmeba sazogadoebis mier

Seqmnili dovlaTi).

`Tavisufali meurneoba Seesabameba Tavisufal mewarmeobas,

Tavisufleba erTiani da ganuyofelia – politikuri, sameurneo

Tavisufleba da pirovnebis Tavisufleba iseTi rTuli dialeqtikuri

erTianobaa, rom misgan Tundac erTi nawilis gamijvniT, yvela danarCeni

daiSleba~. 8

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba TavisTavSive gulisxmobs garkveul

SezRudvebsa da zomebs, romlebic saxelmwifom unda areguliros

politikuri, ekonomikuri da sazogadoebrivi (TviTmarTvelobebi,

asociaciebi, fondebi) meqanizmebiT, institutebiT.

idealur sazogadoebaSi zemoT xsenebuli regulirebis zomebi, Cveni

azriT, ar iqneboda saWiro. saxelmwifo, rogorc ekonomikis

makontrolebeli, ar iarsebebda im ubralo mizezis gamo, rom misi

7 fridmeni m., èkonomikuri, pirovnuli da politikuri Tavisufleba~, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, wigni IV ,,inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da Tavisufleba”. Tb., 2007. gv. 107. 8 gogoxia r., Sereuli ekonomikuri sistema: arsi, modelebi, ganviTarebis

tendenciebi. Tb., 2004. gv. 150.

- 21 -

saWiroeba ar iqneboda, vinaidan sazogadoebaSi Camoyalibdeboda imdenad

maRali TviTSegneba, rom ekonomikur subieqtebs ar eqnebodaT gare da Siga

,,Tavdasxmebis” saSiSroeba. Sesabamisad, gaqreboda saxelmwifos ekonomikuri

rolic, magram es yovelive dRevandeli realuri gadasaxedidan

imfantilur da utopiur azrad SeiZleba moinaTlos, rameTu unda

ganisazRvros Tvalsawieri, momavlis realuri ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

perspeqtivebi.

saxelmwifoSi, da gansakuTrebiT gardamavali tipis ekonomikis mqone

qveynebSi, ekonomikuri reformis periodSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

zomebi saWiroa, vinaidan arss moklebulia zogadad Tavisufleba warTmeul

adamianebs mxolod da mxolod ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze maqsimaluri

dayrdnobiT moTxovo ekonomikuri aRmavloba da ekonomikuri ganviTareba 9 .

amitomac ikveTeba ekonomikis zomieri regulirebisa da masSi Carevis

saWiroeba saxelmwifos mxridan.

a. ilarionovis azriT - ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, Tanamedrove

gagebiT, gulisxmobs xelSeuxebel kerZo sakuTrebaze dafuZnebuli

warmoebis, vaWrobis, dagrovebis, investirebis, gamomuSavebis da Seqmnilis

gamoyenebis, TanamemamuleebTan Yanda ucxoelebTan ekonomikur kontaqtSi

Sesvlis, fasebis dawesebis, kontraqtSi monawile pirTa urTierTTanxmobis

Sedegad nebismieri fuladi erTeulis gamoyenebis Tavisuflebas.10

amgvarad xsnian ekonomikur TavsuflebasLliberalizmis poziciebidan,

rac sabazro ekonomikis principebs yvelaze metad Seesatyviseba, agreTve

liberalizmi (misi mimdevrebi) logikurad xsnis ekonomikuri zrdas da mis

xelSemwyob faqtorebs, romlebic saboloo jamSi ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebSi dadebiTad aisaxeba da uzrunvelyofs sazogadoebrivi

keTildReobis zrdas.

ekonomikuri Tvaisuflebis da ekonomikuri zrdis axsnis safuZveli

adam smitis klasikur naSromSic Cans ,,xalxTa simdidris bunebis Sesaxeb”,

sadac saubaria karg kanonebze, gadasaxadebze, romlebic ar amZimeben

mosaxleobis mdgomareobas da mSvidobaze. ekonomikuri politikis mTavar

9 buTxuzi T., `SesaZleblobis aRsruleba~, Tb., 2008. gv. 251. 10 ilarionovi a., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”,ATb., 2008. gv. 64.

- 22 -

wesad ki miCneulia Semdegi ,,rac ufro naklebad ereva saxelmwifo

ekonomikur saqmianobaSi, miT ufro ukeTesia ekonomikisTvis”.11

marTlac mravali ekonomikuri gamokvleva adasturebs, ekonomikur

saqmianobaSi saxelmwifos Carevasa da ekonomikur zrdas Soris uaryofiT

kavSirebs, ra saxiTac ar unda ganaxorcielos saxelmwifom CarTulobis

ekonomikuri politika (sagareo vaWrobis, saxelmwifo mewarmeobis

monetaruli da fiskaluri politika, saxelmwifo kreditebi), misi Careva

ekonomikur aqtiurobaSi zRudavs ekonomikas.

avtoritarizmisken da diqtaturisken midrekili saxelmwifo–

saxelisuflebo mmarTvelobisa da administrirebis SemTxvevaSi

ekonomikuri sistema centralizdeba, is nebsiT Tu uneblied ekonomikuri

Tvaisuflebis winaaRmdeg moqmedebs, amas ganapirobebs marTvis sistema,

romelic zemodan qvemoTaa mimarTuli da is nebismier SemTxvevaSi ra

demokratiuli sarCulic ar unda daedos, mbrZaneblur-administraciul

xasiaTs iZens.

Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis SemTxvevaSi ekonomikuri sistema -

qvemodan rigiT momxmareblebidan da mwarmoeblebidan imarTeba:

momxmarebeli karnaxobs gamyidvels, gamyidveli – momwodeblebs,

momwodeblebi – mwarmoebels da mwarmoebeli awvdis bazrs moTxovnad

produqcias. sxva sistemebs (samxedro mmarTveloba, avtoritaruli,

socialisturi) sabazro ekonomikis da Tavisufali kerZo bazris

sapirispiro principebi udevs safuZvlad.12

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gasaZliereblad saWiroa ekonomikuri

sistema, sadac sakuTreba sruladaa formirebuli (naTladaa gansazRvruli

esa Tu is aqtivi vis sakuTrebas warmoadgens, saxelmwifos da mis

daqvemdebarebaSi myof iuridiul pirebs, Tu kerZo mesakuTreebs) da kerZo

mesakuTreeebze dafuZvnebuli bazari, sadac adamianebi garigebebs

damoukideblad piradi sargeblianobis mixedviT deben da ara saxelmwifos

direqtivebis zegavleniT, rame Tu aseTi garigebebi xdeba konkurenciis

11 ilarionovi a., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”,ATb., 2008. gv. 61. 12 fridmeni m., èkonomikuri, pirovnuli da politikuri Tavisufleba~, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, wigni IV ,,inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da Tavisufleba”. Tb., 2007. gv. 109.

- 23 -

safuZveli, xolo konkurencia xarisxis da progresis mTavari pirobaa,

romelsac xeli unda Seuwyos saxelmwifo ekonomikurma politikam.

profesor r. gvelesianis ganmartebiT - `konkurenciis politikiT

zogadad xeli unda Seewyos ekonomikur Tavisuflebas. konkurenciis

Tavisufleba aris individualuri Tavisuflebis gamoxatuleba da amdenad

mas gaaCnia individualuri sargebeli, romelic magaliTad, pirovnebis

Tavisufal ganviTarebaSi vlindeba. Tu konkurenciis Tavisuflebas

mivyavarT ekonomikur optimalurobasTan da zrdasTan, igi TavisTavad

gulisxmobs, rom sabazro ekonomikaSi yvelaferi unda gakeTdes

konkurenciis dacvisTvis, da kerZod, yvelgan sadac konkurencias Tavisi

funqciebis ganxorcielebisas safrTxe emuqreba. ~13

is aseve xsnis, rom `Tanamedrove ekonomikuri politikis pirveli

mizani konkurenciis dacva unda iyos, radagan yovel sazogadoebaSi

arsebobs ekonomikis dargebi romelSic ar funqcionirebs an nawilobriv

moqmedebs konkurencia, xolo ekonomikuri politikis meore mizani

konkurenciis ganviTarebis xelsewyoba xdeba (magaliTad, monopoliebis

arsebobisas).~14

m. fridmenis ganmartebiT ,,kerZo bazari Zalian gansxvavdeba

saxelmwifo bazrisgan. absoluturad kerZo bazarze ori adamiani

erTmaneTs Soris yvela operacias sakuTari keTildReobisTvis awarmoebs

an garkveul adamianTa agentebs warmoadgenen”.15

rasakvirvelia saxelmwifo bazarzec orive mxare zrunavs sakuTar

keTildReobaze, magram umetes SemTxvevaSi es iZleva saSualebas

saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebis mxridan piradi keTildReobis mzrunveloba

gaaZlieron da ase warmoiSoba Tavisuflebis da konkurenciis

damakninebeli elementebi korufcia da Crdilovani sfero ekonomikaSi.

rig mkvlevarebs miaCniaT, rom bazris monawileTa ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas zRudavs saxelmwifo da aseve masTan konkurirebadi

13 gvelesiani r., `konkurenciis politikis amocanebi da problemebi~, Jurnali ,,axali

ekonomisti’’, #3, Tb., 2010. http://www.loi.ge/2010-3.html 14 gvelesiani r., `konkurenciis politikis amocanebi da problemebi~, Jurnali ,,axali

ekonomisti’’, #3, Tb., 2010. http://www.loi.ge/2010-3.html 15 fridmeni m., èkonomikuri, pirovnuli da politikuri Tavisufleba~, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, wigni IV ,,inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da Tavisufleba”. Tb., 2007. gv. 110.

http://www.loi.ge/2010-3.html


- 24 -

arasaxelmwifo pirebi. saxelmwifo ekonomikur Tavisuflebas iseTi

instrumentebis saSualebiT zRudavs, rogorebicaa kerZo sakuTrebis

konfiskacia, kontraqtebis Seusrulebloba, sameurneo saqmianobis

araTanabari da araprognozirebulad cvalebadi pirobebi, pirdapiri

saxelmwifo gadasaxadebi, saxelmwifo sesxebi, saxelmwifo inflaciuri

gadasaxadebi, saxelmwifo xarjebi, sabiujeto deficiti da saxelmwifo

valebi, inflacia, regresuli savaluto-fuladi politika, saxelmwifo

regulireba, proteqcionizmi.16

amrigad, bazris arseboba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom am bazarze

Tavisufali gacvla xorcieldeba, Tundac is kerZo bazari iyos. kerZo

bazris Tavisufleba damokidebulia damoukidebel da nebayofilebiT

gacvlaze, garigebebze romlebzec zegavlenas ar axdens (pirdapir Tu

iribad) arasabazro sxva garemoeba.

zemoT CamoTvlilis garda (nebayofilobiTi garigeba da gacvla, anu

Tavisufali bazari) sxvadasxva regionisa da qveynisTvis ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis sxva SemzRudavi faqtorebic ikveTeba, magaliTad,

postsocialistur sivrceSi ekonomikur Tavisufleba izRudeba aqtivebze

sakuTrebis formirebis SeferxebiT da gaurkvevlobiT, kerZod

socialisturi sistemidan memkvidreobiT miRebuli saxelmwifo qonebis

kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadasvlis gaWianurebiT, aqtivebis kerZo bazarTan

SedarebiT saxelmwifo bazris didi wiliT.

Tumca rigi Lliberalebis azriT, yvelaze seriozuli problema

mainc sakuTrebiTi uflebebis dacvaa. samxreTis qveynebis umetesobaSi

sakuTrebiTi uflebebi an cudadaa gansazRvruli, an cudadaa daculi, anda

maTi sxva pirebze gadacemaa Zneli. am qveynebSi sakuTrebiTi uflebebis

sistema zedmetad garTulebulia, ar asaxavs im realobas, romelSic

Raribebi cxovroben da absoluturad araefeqtianad imarTeba. bevrgan

RaribTa sakuTrebis uflebac sadavoa. sakuTrebis bazris araefeqtianobas

imisken mivyavarT, rom qalaqebisaken migrirebad adamianTa mzard ricxvs

aRar yofnis miwa da saxlebi. amitom isini, rogorc wesi, miwas mis

mflobels — mTavrobas arTmevs, romelmac ar icis ra uyos mas da rogor

16 ilarionovi a., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 64.

- 25 -

daicvas igi (rac gavs saqarTvelos realobas). miwis amgvari miTvisebis

organizeba e.w. ,,araformaluri mewarmeebis” mier xdeba. isini arakanonieri

dasaxlebebis politikur da fizikur dacvas uzrunvelyofs. aseT axal

qoxmaxebSi mcxovrebi Raribebi maT qiras uxdian, arCevnebze TavianTi xmebis

gamoyenebis uflebas aZleven da politikuri RonisZiebebis dros garkveuli

raodenobis masas qmnian. es ra Tqma unda zians ayenebs, demokratias da

ekonomikur zrdas, magram Raribebs sxva arCevani ar gaaCniaT.17

zemoT xsenebulidan Cans, rom rig SemTxvevebSi ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba gansazRvravs pirovnul Tavisuflebas, xolo orive erTad

qmnian politikur Tavisuflebas.

liberalebi (liberalizmi) mudmivad gansakuTrebuli yuradRebas

aqceven kerZo sakuTrebis stabilurobisaken mimarTul politikas, kerZo

sakuTreba xom pirovnuli Tavisuflebis sadarajoze dgas, maTi azriT

saxelmwifom saSualeba unda misces yvela moqalaqes, gansakuTrebiT

Raribebs, rom kerZo sakuTreba iqonion da gaafarToon.18

maTi azriT aRwerili mdgomareobis ekonomikuri Sedegebi ukiduresad

seriozulia. iseTi qoneba, rogoricaa saxlebi, qoxebi an miwa, romelzec

sakuTrebis ufleba gaurkveveli an sakamaToa, ver gadaiqceva kapitalad. 19

rogorc ki sakuTrebis mflobeli naTlad aris gansazRvruli da

kanoniT aris daculi, xolo qonebis gadacema usafrTxo da efeqturia,

sakuTreba SeiZleba Semosavlis zrdis damatebiTi wyaro gaxdes.

amgvarad, qoneba, misi kapitalad qcevis saxiT, meore virtualur

SesaZleblobebs iZens. sazogadoebis Raribi fenebi, Cveulebriv, aRniSnul

uflebas arian moklebulni: isini floben qonebas, magram ar miuwvdebaT

xeli im samarTlebriv instrumentebTan, romlebic maT qonebas sakuTrebad

da, maSasadame, kapitalad aqceven. de soto wers, rom samxreTul qveynebSi

araefeqturi sakuTrebiTi uflebebis Sedegad formirebuli da

gamouyenebeli `mkvdari” kapitalis jamuri Rirebuleba, romlis didi

17 Olamsdorfi o., ,,Tavisufleba _ siRaribis saukeTeso wamali”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 127. 18 Olamsdorfi o., ,,Tavisufleba _ siRaribis saukeTeso wamali”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 120. 19 Olamsdorfi o., ,,Tavisufleba _ siRaribis saukeTeso wamali”, Tavisuflebis


- 26 -

nawili Raribebs ekuTvnis, cxra trilion dolars aRemateba. kapitalis

formirebis aseT potencials verc erTi ucxouri daxmareba ver Seedreba.

garda amisa, am gziT Raribebi fiqsirebuli simdidris gacilebiT met wils

miiRebdnen 20 . amrigad, Tu samxreTis qveynebSi problema sakuTrebis dacva

da mflobelobaSi arsebuli qonebis dasakuTrebaa, postsabWota sivrceSi

da maT Soris saqarTveloSi, problema sxvagvarad dgas: erTi mxriv,

TiTqosda xelSeuxebelia kerZo sakuTreba, meore mxriv, saxelmwifo

sakuTrebaSi aqtivebis (qonebis) arseboba zRudavs Tavisufal faswarmoqmnas

aqtivebze. am gziT, kerZo sakuTrebis wilobrivi upiratesobis (dominirebis)

da Tavisufali faswarmoqmnis gareSe, zogadad Tavisufali bazris cneba da

sabazro sistema Sinaars kargavs.

analogiurs gvamcnoben ekonomikis praqtikosi mkvlevarebi ,,sabWoTa

periodSi kerZo, Tavisufali bazridan kapitalis saxelmwifo CarCoSi

gadanacvlebiT, marqsizmma sabazro brunvidan misi gaqroba, masTan erTad

ki biznesinciativebis TviTdafinansebis gaqrobac gamoiwvia. dRes maT

aRdgenas ukuprocesi sWirdeba, Tu kapitali saxelmwifo sakuTrebaa an sxva

mizeziTaa moklebuli Tavisufali bazris mxridan obieqtur Sefasebas,

maSin misi sabazro fasi da likviduroba ucnobia, mas gamoclili aqvs

sainvesticio mimzidveloba. is mowyvetilia finansur brunvas, cdeba an

sulac usargeblod nadgurdeba. aseTi kapitali, rogorc wesi, piriqiT,

problemebis wyarod gardaiqmneba~.21

~sanam saxelmwifosagan ZiriTadi fondebis xelovnuri Warbi miwodeba

da miwodebis Yyovelgvari molodini mTlianad da pirwmindad ar

amoiwureba, manamde swori da Rirseuli wonasworuli sabazro fasi, kerZo

bazarze arafriT aRdgeba”.22

zustad analogiurs azrs gamoTqvamda jer kidev gasuli sukunis

bolosTvis, legendaruli amerikeli ekonomisti m. fridmeni - ,,Tavisufali

sazogadoeba sruliad sxvdasxva gziT SemTxveviT Camoyalibda, magram

20 Olamsdorfi o., ,,Tavisufleba _ siRaribis saukeTeso wamali”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 127. 21 CxaiZe i., ,,gvaklia kapitalizacia”.

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=223606184338603 22 CxaiZe i., `rogor gavmdidrdeT anu Cveni gza ekonomikur keTildReobisaken~, Tb.,

1999. gv. 28.

http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=223606184338603

- 27 -

aqamde ar arsebobs imis magaliTi, rom totalitaruli qveyana Tavisufal

sazogadoebad warmatebiT gardaqmniliyo. amitom aris ase saintereso is,

rac aRmosavleT evropaSi xdeba. iseTi ramis mowme gavxdiT, rac aqamde ar

gvinaxavs. Cvenc viciT da maTac ician, rom Zalian martivi ram aris

gasakeTebeli. rodesac aRmosavleT evropis xalxs vxvdebi, sami sityviT

veubnebi ra aris saWiro: privatizacia, privatizacia da privatizacia.

mTavaria, amisTvis politikuri neba arsebobdes da es swrafad moxdes.

sainteresoa, SeZleben Tu ara amis gakeTebas”?23

dRevandeli realobidan NnaTlad Cans, rom saqarTvelom (maT Soris

postsabWoTa sivrcem) ver SeZelo ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mosapoveblad

mTavari gadamwyveti faqtoris, kerZo sakuTrebis srulad Camoyalibeba,

verc swrafad da verc droSi gaWianurebulad.

aRniSnuli garemoeba samwuxarod dRemde yuradRebis miRma rCebaT

ekonomikur Tavisuflebis xarisxis SemzRudav garemoebebze momuSave

organizaciebs da mkvlevarebs.

amrigad, ,,mkvdari” kapitalis gamouyenebloba ar iZleva saSualebas

namdvili sabazro ekonomikis formirebisaTvis, romlis mTavari

mamoZravebeli faqtoria kapitali, xolo simZlavre ekonomikuri

Tvisufleba.

es ori umTavresi piroba iZleva saSualebas dinamiurad mzardi

ekonomikis Camoyalibebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis, liberlur ekonomikur

politikaze dayrdnobiT, Tavisufali vaWrobis gaaqtiurebiTa da

konkurenciis xelSewyobiT.

f. naumanis fondis da saxva Tanagamomcemlebis `msoflio

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis“ gamokvlevis Sedegebis Sedareba cxovrebis

donis sxva kriteriumebTan, da ara mxolod zrdis tempebTan, aseve aCvenebs,

rom msoflios yvelaze ufro Tavisufal qveynebSi siRaribis da

gaunaTleblobis procenti ufro dabalia, naklebadaa ganviTarebuli

korufcia da ufro maRalia sicocxlis xangrZlivoba. 24

23 fridmeni m., èkonomikuri, pirovnuli da politikuri Tavisufleba~, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, wigni IV. ,,inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da Tavisufleba”. Tb., 2007. gv. 111. 24 Olamsdorfi o., ,,Tavisufleba _ siRaribis saukeTeso wamali”, Tavisuflebis


- 28 -

yovelivedan gamomdinare, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba iZleva maRal

grZelvadian ekonomikuri zrdis saSualebas, zrdis keTildReobis

resursebs sazogadoebis yvela fenisTvis, Tavisufali vaWrobis pirobebSi

garigebaSi monawile yvela mxare mogebuli rCeba. amgvarad, sazogadoebrivi

keTildReobis saerTo maCvenebelic izrdeba, miuxedavad imisa, rom

erTeulebisTvis es maCvenebeli maRali tempiT xasiaTdeba xolo zogisTvis

dabali tempiT, keTildReobaDmainc yvelasTvis zrdadia.

rogorc wesi, ekonomikaSi saxelmwifo Careva ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas zRudavs, Tumca, garkveul etapze, roca ekonomikuri sistemis

formireba mimdinareobs, saxelmwifo rols da mis monawileobas ekonomikis

formirebaSi dadebiTi Sedegebi moqvs, rasakvirvelia swori ekonomikuri

politikis SemTxvevaSi. roca gansazrvrulia Tu sad imyofeba esa Tu is

saxelmwifo (ekonomikuri ganviTarebis romel etapze) da rogori

ekonomikuri sistema unda rom qondes, mxolod amis Semdgom unda

xorcieldebodes Sesabamisi ekonomikuri politika, romelic pirvel rigSi

im aucilebel moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes, rac iZleva Sesabamisi

arCeuli sistemis GCamoyalibebis saSualebas da garants.

marTlac mravali ekonomikuri gamokvleva adasturebs, ekonomikur

saqmianobaSi saxelmwifos Carevasa da ekonomikur zrdas Soris uaryofiT

kavSirebs, ra saxiTac ar unda ganaxorcielos saxelmwifom CarTulobis

ekonomikuri politika (sagareo vaWroba, saxelmwifo mewarmeobis

monetaruli da fiskaluri politika), ekonomikur aqtiurobaSi misi

CareviT izRudeba ekonomika.25

samwuxarod, msoflioSi bolodroindeli ekonomikuri krizisebi da

globaluri ekonomikuri politika metwilad ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis

SezRudviskenaa mimarTuli, antikrizisuli regulatorebis gamo.

saxelmwifo regulirebis gaaqtiureba imiTac aris ganpirobebuli,

rom XX saukunis bolomde Tavisufali bazris principebze moqmedi

ekonomikis mqone qveynebi aqcents mTlianad ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze

akeTebdnen. bolo 22 wlis manZilze maT TviTkmayofa mohgvara da moaduna

sabWouri direqtiul modelze damyarebuli sistemis daSlam (konkurentis

25ilarionovi a., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis


- 29 -

gaqrobam) da amJamad umetesi maTgani samTvrobo ekonomikaSi gazrdili

Carevis politikiT xelmZRvaneloben (aSS, evrokavSiris qveynebi rig

SemTxvevaSi, swored am CareviT warmoqmnili krizisis gadavadebas da misgan

Svelas bazarze zewoliT cdiloben), rac safrTxis qveS ayenebs rogorc

pirovnul, aseve ekonomikur Tavisuflebas.

aRniSnuli albaT imiTac aris gamowveuli, rom konkurenti

socialisturi sistema damarcxda da isini damarcxebuli sistemisgan

polarizebas ukve aRar eswrafvian ise rogorc manamde.

analizis Sedagad SegviZlia davaskvanT, rom ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxi damokidebulia ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis

alternativebis simravleze, xolo kerZo sakuTreba afarToebs asarCevi

alternativebis areals, xels uwyobs konkurencias da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxis zrdas.

- 30 -

1.2 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi ekonomikis

sxvadasxva doneze

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxs gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba

eniWeba sabazro sistemis danergvaSi gardamavali tipis ekonomikis mqone

qveynebisTvis.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi damokidebulia Tavisufali

arCevanis xarisxze. aq igulisxmeba ara yovelgvari arCevani, aramed

ekonomikur aqtiurobaTa optimaluri arCevani. amrigad, Cveni definicia

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxisa aris Semdegi: rac metia optimalur

alternativaTa raodenoba (ricxvi), romelTa cal-calke arCevas SeuZlia

optimaluri da racionaluri (momgebiani) Sedegis motana, miT metia

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi.

Tanamedrove sazogadoeba Tanxmdeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

aucileblobaSi. Tumca, ismis bunebrivi kiTxva, Tu rodis unda

ganxorcieldes ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dasacavad saxelmwifos

ekonomikuri politikis meSveobiT ekonomikis regulireba. pasuxi erTi

SexedviT martivia – maSin, rodesac Tavisufali konkurencia da

Tavisufali arCevani izRudeba.

rogorc profesori r. gvelesiani gangvimartavs `Tanamedrove

ekonomikuri politikis pirveli mizani konkurenciis dacva unda iyos,

radagan yovel sazogadoebaSi arsebobs ekonomikis dargebi romelSic ar

funqcionirebs an nawilobriv moqmedebs konkurencia, xolo ekonomikuri

politikis meore mizani konkurenciis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba xdeba

(magaliTad, monopoliebis arsebobisas).~26

26 gvelesiani r., `konkurenciis politikis amocanebi da problemebi~, Jurnali

,,axali ekonomisti’’, #3, Tb., 2010.



- 31 -

aqedan gamomdinare, saxelmwifos mxridan xorcieldeba ekonomikis

regulireba, roca izRudeba Tavisufali konkurencia da (alternatiuli

da optimaluri) arCevani. anu izRudebian ekonomikaSi moqmedi erTeulebi

ise, rom sabazro regulatorebiT (moTxovna, miwodeba, jansaRi

konkurentuli garemo daAa.S.) ver regulirdeba.27

amrigad, aucilebeli xdeba Tavisuflebis SezRudva saxelmwifos

mxridan da amis magaliTia monopoliebi. monopolia aris ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis yvelaze didi gamovlineba da mniSvneloba ar

aqvs monopoliis saxeobas. garda bunebrivi da wminda inteleqtualuri

SesaZleblobebisa, es ukanaskneli samomavlo ganviTarebisa da progresis

wyaroa da amavdroulad samarTlianic.28

rasakvirvelia ekonomikuri regulireba saWiroa, Tumca regulirebis

SemTxvevaSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis areali (optimaluri

alternativebis) unda narCundebodes, areali, romelsac avsebs

sazogadoebis, saxelmwifos da ekonomikuri erTeulTa Tanaarseboba,

maTSoris interesTa dabalanseba.

rodesac saubaria optimalur arCevansa da racionalur

alternativebze, romelTac SeuZliaT ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis pirobebSi

ekonomikurad dadebiTi Sedegebis motana, unda warmovidginoT Sesabamis

garemos, sadac saqmiani sasworis principiT sazogadoebrivi interesebia

gawonasworebuli da qmnian Tavisufali arealis:

a) adamianis, sazogadoebis keTildReoba;

b) ekonomikur erTeulTa arsebobis zRvruli areali (romlis miRmac

isini ver warmarTaven ekonomikur saqmianobas, winaamRdeg

SemTxvevaSi likvidacias ganicdian);

g) saxelmwifos sazogadoebrivi interesi. 29

27 gerliani r., èkonomikuri Tavisuflebis roli da farglebi ekonomikur

politikaSi~, Jurnali àxali ekonomisti~. Tb., 2010. #4. 28 miminoSvili T., qaTamiZe a., èkonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi~, ,,biuleteni”,

saqarTvelos strategiuli kvlevebis da GganviTarebis centri, Tb., 2000. #40.

TeTruaSvili m., `saxelmwifos ekonomikuri roli Tavisuflebis pirobebSi~,

,,socialuri ekonomika”. Tb., 2007. #4. 29 fridmeni m., èkonomikuri, pirovnuli da politikuri Tavisufleba~,

Tavisuflebis biblioTeka, wigni IV, ,,inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da

Tavisufleba” Tb., 2007. gv. 107.

- 32 -

swored am sam mxares Soris unda moxdes wonasworulad yvelas

interesebis dabalansebuli dakmayofileba, iseTi ekonomikurad

optimaluri arealis Seqmna, sadac maqsimalurad iqneba ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba da amavdroulad saxelmwifosa da sazogadoebis (personebis)

interesebi da Tavisufleba daculi, naxazze 1.2.1 SevecdebiT aRniSnulis

modelirebas.

naxazze 1.2.1 ,,a”, ,,b” da ,,g” areebs Soris saerTo TanakveTa gvaZlevs

saerTo ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xelsayrel areals. rac metia es `F”

areali, miT metia ekonomikuri Tvaisufleba.

sazogadoebrivi, ekonomikuri da politikuri Tavisuflebis

urTierTdamokidebulebis modeli

am F arealSi igulisxmeba - saxelmwifos mxridan Tavisufali

ekonomikuri garemo biznes saqmianobis uzrunvelsayofad, sazogadoebrivi

keTildReoba (meti Semosavlebi, meti moxmareba da a.S), ekonomikur

- 33 -

erTeulTa moRvaweobis simartive (farTo biznes da samewarmeo arCevani),

rac gamoixateba mcire sagadasaxado tvirTiT, Tavisufali da

konkurentuli bazriT, Tavisufali fasebiT, momgebianobiT.

modelSi naxazis 1.2.1 Tanaxmad cal-calke ganyenebulad am sami

erTeulidan (saxelmwifo, sazogadoeba da ekonomikuri erTeulebi) ar

ganixileba. naxzze mocemulia sxvadasxva feriT da asoebiT areTa

TanakveTebi. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis optimaluri are F-iT da mkveTri

mwvane feriTaa aRniSnuli anu esaa moRvaweobisa da garigebebis

optimaluri areali, ekonomikurad, rom avxsnaT formalur ekonomikaSi

srulyofilad Tavisufali da konkurentuli, bazari sadac samive mxaris

interesebia Sejerebuli da yoveli maTgani am areSi Rebulobs misTvis

damakmayofilebel racionalur Sedegs.

lurji ferebiT aRniSnulia ori àris~ urTierTkveTa. maggaliTad

,,ab” areTa TanakveTaSi xorcieldeba iseTi pirdapiri ekonomikuri

urTierTobebi rigiT moqalaqeebsa da ekonomikur erTeulebs Soris, sadac

saxelmwifo ar an ver ereva (mag., Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonebi,

Crdilovani ekonomika da a.S).

,,ag” TanakveTa warmoadgens moqalqeTa da saxelmwifos piradapir

urTierTobas, saidanac orive mxare Rebulobs sargebels (magaliTad,

policieli, sajaro moxele, saxelmwifo sakontraqto samsaxuri da a.S)

,,gb” arealSi ki xorcieldeba saxelmwifos da ekonomikur erTeulebs

Soris ekonomikuri urTierTobebi. es sferoc, rogorc moqalaqeebs da

saxelmwifos Soris ekonomikuri urTierToba ekonomikuri TavisuflebiT,

konkurentuli bazriT da sabazro principebiT ar moqmedebs (magaliTad,

saxelmwifo qvotirebuli sawarmoebi samxedro sferoSi, saxelmwifo

samewarmeo pirebi, kerZo samewarmeo iuridiuli pirebi, romlebic

saxelmwifo programis farglebSi saqmianoben).

yovelive am msjelobiT gvinda avxsnaT naxazis 1.2.1 meSveobiT, rom

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis optimaluri arealis sidides, upirveles

yovlisa, gansazRvravs saxelmwifo administrirebis done. naxaxazis 1.2.1

mixedviT rac metad gaizrdeba ,,g” (wiTeli feri) saxelmwifo arealis

- 34 -

moculoba vertikalze moZraobiT, miT metad mcirdeba Tavisuflebis

optimaluri are. maSasadame, mcirdeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi.

amrigad, saxelmwifo administrireba (samTavrobo Tavisufleba) da

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba (pirovnuli da ekonomikur erTeulTa

Tavisufleba) `g~ da `F~ ukuproporciul mimarTebaSia erTmaneTTan.

saxelmwifo administrirebis `g~ aris à~ da `b~ areebTan TanakveTis

Semcireba, pirdapir proporciul mimarTebaSia saerTo àb~ aris

zrdasaTan, anu saxelmwifo administrireba ukeTes SemTxvevaSi

astimulirebs Tavisufali saqmianobis sferoebSi gadanacvlebas (mag.

ekonomikurad Tavisufali zonebi), xolo uares SemTxvevaSi formaluri

ekonomikidan Crdilovan ekonomikaSi gadasvlas (naxazis 1.2.1 mixedviT àb~

ares zrdas).

sazogadoebrivi, ekonomikuri da politikuri Tavisuflebis

zegavlena erTmaneTze da ekonomikur mCveneblebze

- 35 -

R- Semosavlebi;

E-mTliani danaxarjebi;

F 1 – ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis misaRebi done; (FOPT - optimaluri

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba;)

Fg-samTavrobo Tavisufleba;

Fab - pirovnuli da ekonomikuRi Tavisufleba.

( CPI- samomxmareblo fasebis indeqsi, P- mogeba).

saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis SezRudvis

SenmTxvevSi anu rodesac izrdeba saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikuri

administrireba ,,a,b,g” areTa TanakveTa naxaze 1.2.2 FOPT anu optimaluri

garemo ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa mcirdeba. ,,g” are gadaadgildeba zemoT

F 1 - Fგ- mimarTulebiT, xolo ,,a” are qveviT da marcxniv Sesabamisad

klebulobs adamianebis keTildReoba, is miiswrafis 0-ken anu mcirdeba

sazogadoebis (moqalaqeebis) Semosavlebi R1-dan R2-mde, mcirdeba maTi

Tavisuflebis done F1-dan Fab-mde da zogadad sazogadoeba naklebad

msyidvelobiTunariani xdeba (anu Raribdeba), aRniSnuli zegavlenas

axdens mTel rig makroekonomikur maCveneblebze gansakuTrebiT ki

danazogze (i).

Semosavlebs da mTliani danaxarjebis RE- RerZze Cans danazogis

grafiki, romelic ,,+” da ,,_”-i; niSnebiTaa aRniSnuli da gviCvenebs

Sesabamis fazaSi ramdenad axerxeben moqalaqeebi da ekonomikuri

erTeulebi danazogis dagrovebas. R1-dan R2-mde fazaSi uaryofiTia

moqalaqeTa danazogisadmi swrafva analogiuri viTarebaa E1- E2-mde fazaSi,

romelTa gamomwvev mizezebi qvemoT iqneba axsnili.

naxazi 1.2.2 gviCvenebs, rom R1-dan E1-mde fazaSi dagrovebis

SesaZlebloba dadebiTia, vinaidan am areSi Tavisufali da

gawonasworebuli fasebis pirobebSi, rogorc moqalaqeebs aseve ekonomikur

erTeulebsac mogebisa da Semosavlebis miReba aZlevs saSualebas

dazogon, anu ekonomikuri Tavisufleba axdens mogebis diferencirebas

horizontalurad ekonomikur agentebs Soris, rac iwvs jamuri (saerTo)

- 36 -

danazogis zrdas, agreTve danazogebis optimalur investirebasac.

miRebulia, rom danazogi investiciis formirebis wyaroa, amrigad,

TvalnaTliv ikveTeba ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da investiciebs Soris

urTierTganmapirobebeli kavSiri, romelsac momdevno Tavis erT-erTi

qveTavi daeTmoba.

mocemul situaciaSi ,,b” arec gadainacvlebs qveviT da marjvniv,

risi mastimulirebelic aris saxelmwifo administrirebis wnexi, ramac

gazarda mTliani danaxarjebi E1-dan E2-mde (naxazi 1.2.2) warmoebasa da

momsaxurebaze. mcirdeba maTi saqmianobis Tavisufleba F1-dan Fab-mde da

zogadad umcirdebaT mogebis norma arapirdapiri xarjebis zrdis

kvalobaze.

mocemul viTarebaSi ekonomikuri erTeulebi iZulebulni arian jer

gazardon fasebi arapirdapiri danaxarjebis zrdis gamo, xolo Semdgom

myidvelTa Semosavlebis Semcirebis kvalobaze moTxovnis Semcirebis gamo

Seamciron warmoeba, Sesabamisad fasebis zrdis miuxedavad umcirdebaT

mogeba, rac aseve amcirebs dazogvis potencials da Sesabamisad mcirdeba

investiciebic.

zemoT aRniSnul viTarebaSi ekonomikuri erTeulebi, romlebic ver

axerxeben ekonomikur saqmianobas (ver Rebuloben mogebas) eTiSebian

bazars, likvidirdebian an gadadian srulad Tu nawilobriv

formaluridan Crdilovan ekonomikaSi.

vinaidan ekonomikuri Tavisufleba gansazRvravs Tavisufali bazris

Camoyalibebisa da Tavisufali faswarmoqmnis process, misi SezRudva

iwvevs farul (Crdilovan) konkurencias, bazris gaorebuli araTanabrad

konkurentuli pirobebis Sedegad da kidev ufro zRudavs formalur

ekonomikaSi moqmed biznes erTeulTa (patiosan gadamxdelTa) ekonomikur

Tvisuflebas. zustad analogiur uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens Tavisufali

bazarze ara jansaRi elementebis - monopoliebis gamovlinebac,

Sesabamisad Crdilovani ekonomika da monopoliebi amcireben ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebas.

,,a” da ,,g” areTa gadaadgileba zegavlenas axdenen ekonomikur

maCveneblebze, rac aisaxeba erTiani keTildReobis cvlilebaSi. amrigad,

naxazze 1.2.1 modelirebul areTa gadaadgileba gviCvenebs Tu rogor

- 37 -

SeiZleba gaauaresos an gaaumjobesos ekonomikuri keTildReoba

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis cvlilebam, aseve naTlad Cans, Tu

raoden did rols TamaSobs am mimarTulebiT saxelmwifos

maregulirebeli funqcia da ekonomikuri politika.

msjelobidan vaskvniT, rom Tu saxelmwifo atarebs sabazro

ekonomikis pirobebSi liberalur-ekonomikur, Tavisuflebis

mastimulirebel politikas, izrdeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi,

rac dadebiT zegavlenas axdens makroekonomikur maCveneblebze, romlebic

gansazRvraven ekonomikur keTildReobas da ekonomikur zrdas.

rogorc ukve avRniSneT, monopoliebis SemTxvevaSi marTebulia

konkurenciisa da Tavisufali bazris principebidan gamomdinare,

saxelmwifos Careva da ekonomikuri regulireba. Tumca, Tu amave

pirobebSi davakvirdebiT sakredito sferos, ukve saxelmwifo gvevlineba

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis SemzRudvelad.

rodesac Tavisufal bazars daregulirebuli aqvs kreditze

saprocento ganakveTi da saxelmwifo Tavisi administraciuli politikiT

zemoqmedebs masze (igulisxmeba aramarto monetaruli da fiskaluri

politika), irRveva Tavisufali bazris wonasworoba da winaaRmdegobaSi

modis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis Tavisufali arCevanis principTan. 30

ra zomiT unda areguliros saxelmwifom ekonomikuri procesebi da

sad iqneba misi Careva sasargeblo zogadad ekonomikisTvis da ekonomikuri

TavisuflebisTvis? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad saWiroa misi

regulaciis sferoebis gansazRvra ekonomikis segmentebisa da misi

doneebis mixedviT.

monopoliebis da sakredito sferos magaliTebma gvaCvena, rom

saxelmwifo regulireba saWiroa ekonomikis maRal doneze. maSasadame,

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba unda ganvixiloT vertikaluri da

horizontaluri ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis sferoebis mixedviT.

30 fridmeni m., èkonomikuri, pirovnuli da politikuri Tavisufleba~,

Tavisuflebis biblioTeka, wigni IV, ,,inteleqtualebi, ganaTleba da

Tavisufleba” Tb., 2007. gv. 107.

gvelesiani r., gogoriSvili i., èkonomikuri politika~, wigni I. Tb., 2008.

Tavi 2; 3.

- 38 -

vertikalis mikro doneze saxelmwifos Careva ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis maqsimums ver mogvcems. amitom am donem saxelmwifo

regulaciebis gareSe unda imuSaos. dasaSvebia TviTmarTvelobis CarTva

aRniSnuli sferos ekonomikur aqtiurobaSi, ramac unda gaafarToos

arCevanis areali da Sesabamisad, horizontalur doneze gazardos

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi.

regionul doneze anu mezo doneze, saWiroa ekonomikaSi Careva,

rogorc TviTmarTvelobis, ise ekonomikuri strategiidan gamomdinare.

saxelmwifos (saxelisuflebo) mxridan TanaCarTuloba, es aris done,

sadac vertikalSi Semodis saxelmwifo regulatori da am vertikalis

horizontalur donezec erTveba saerTo ekonomikuri viTarebis

Sesabamisad.

makro doneze saxelmwifos Careva ara marto saWiroa, aramed

aucilebelic. vinaidan Tu makro sfero gamovida wanasworuli

mdgomareobidan, adgili eqneba ekonomikur destabilizaciasa da

stagnacias, rac gacilebiT metad SezRudavs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas

mTel ekonomikur vertikalze, vidre makro regulaciis Sedegad

gamowveuli aucilebeli SezRudvebi. metic, umravles arastabilur

viTarebaSi makro sferos monopolizeba xdeba oligarqTa mier, romlis

Sedegadac viRebT ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis absolutur ignorirebasa da

mis nacvlad monuri elementebis momZlavrebas (rogorc xdeba

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dabali donis mqone qveynebSi, sadac kapitalisa

da Sromis urTierTkavSirSi monopoliuri wili modis kapitalze da

izRudeba Tavisufali arCevanis principi, alternatiuli arCevanis

ararsebobis gamo).

ekonomikis yvelaze msxvili donea mega done, igi pirdapir aris

dakavSirebuli saxelmwifosTan, masTan uSualod unda moqmedebdes

mZlavri ekonomikuri regulatorebi, rig SemTxvevebSi ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis SezRudvis xarjzec. aRniSnuli imiT aris gamowveuli,

rom saWiroa iseT globalur problemebTan brZola, rogorebicaa:

ekologiuri problemebi, terorizmi, msxvili monopoliuri warmonaqmnebiT

- 39 -

gamowveuli saSiSroeba da a.S.31

amrigad, ekonomikuri keTildReoba iwyeba ekonomikuri TavisuflebiT.

es, upirveles yovlisa, moicavs Tavisufal arCevans, solidarobas

socialuri keTildReobis TvalsazrisiT da sikeTeTa samarTlian

gadanawilebas, rac iZleva sastarto pirobebSi Tanasworobis da

Tavisufali optimaluri arCevanis gakeTebis saSualebas.32

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba aucilebeli pirobaa Sereuli tipis

sabazro ekonomikis formirebisTvis. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

uzrunvelmyofia saxelmwifos ekonomikuri politika, romlis

Sesabamisadac unda ganisazRvros saxelmwifos ekonomikuri roli da misi

Carevis masStabebi ise, rom mogvces ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da

sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis maqsimumi, da imavdroulad

makroekonomikuri stabilizaciac.

31 gvelesiani r., gogoriSvili i., èkonomikuri politika~, wigni I. Tb., 2008. Tavi

2; 3. 32 hendersoni d. r., ,,germaniis ekonomikuri saswauli”, Tavisuflebis biblioTeka.

krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 17.

- 40 -

Tavi II. ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri krizisebi

2.1 ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, recesiebi da maTi axsnis mecnieruli gzebi

cikluri ryevebi da recesiebi ekonomikis Tanmdevi procesia,

ekonomikis ganviTarebis nebismier etapze arsebobda da momavalSic

iarsebebs misi araTanabari cikluri ganviTareba. ekonomikis krizisuli

gamovlinebebic araerTgvarovania da isini sxvadasxva dros sxvadasxva

faqtorebiTa da garemoebebiT SeiZleba iyos gamowveuli.

ekonomikis araTanabari ganviTarebis fenomenis kvleva da

Seswavla uamravi mkvlevarisa da mecnieris interesis sferoSi eqceoda,

Sesabamisad araerTgvarovania mis asaxsnelad SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi

da Teoriuli daskvnebic, miuxedavad mecnier-ekonomistTa mravali

mcdelobisa es problema drosa da sivrceSi mudmivad gvaxsenebs Tavis

Tavs saxecvlili gamovlinebebiT da sabolood globaluri Tu lokaluri

ekonomikis finansur krizisamde mivyavarT.

pol samvelsonis sityvebiT rom vTqvaT: ,,rac Cven viciT globalur

finansur krizisTan dakavSirebiT, aris is, rom bevri ar viciT”.33

ekonomistTa mravalwliani davis sagania cikluri ryevebisa da

recesiebis gamomwvevi mizezebis axsna. ra iwvevs erToblivi moTxovnisa da

miwodebis radikalur cvlilebebs? ratom dgeba sabazro ekonomika aseTi

ryevebis winaSe? aRniSnul kiTxvebze calsaxa pasuxi, ra Tqma unda, ar

arsebobs, radagan TviT recesiebic ar hgvanan erTmaneTs.

zogierTi mecnieri krizisebs sxvadasxva faqtoriT xsnis, zogi

33 samuelsoni p., nordhausi v., ,,ekonomika” tomi 3. Tb., 2000. gv. 78.

- 41 -

miiCnevs, rom is gare globaluri faqtorebiT aris gamowveuli, rigi

maTgani mTavrobebis da saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri organizaciebis

politikis Secdomebs miiCnevs mTavar mizezad. CvenTvis krizisis axsna

sainteresoa Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis mxridan wminda ekonomikuri

faqtorebis gaanalizebiT, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da ekonomikuri

krizisebis zogierTi aspeqtebis axsniT, romlebic gavlenas axdenen

ekonomikis ciklur ganviTarebaze da maT gaanalizebas SeuZlia recesia

Seamsubuqos.

rogorc sayovelTaod cnobilia, 1929 wlis seqtemberSi, amerikis

SeerTebul StatebSi daiwyo msoflio istoriaSi yvelaze xangrZlivi da

Rrma ekonomikuri recesia, romelic imave wlis 29 oqtomberSi gagrZelda

safondo birJis yvelaze didi vardniT. Tanamedrove ekonomikis istoriaSi

am dRes „Sav samSabaTad” moixsenieben, xolo procesi, romelic ramdenime

weli gagrZelda da msoflios uamrav qveyanaSi mZime ekonomikuri krizisi

gamoiwvia – istorias „didi depresiis” saxeliT SemorCa.

depresiis mizezebis axsnis Teoria, romelmac yvelaze didi

popularoba moipova, britanel jon meinard keinss ekuTvnis. keinsis azriT,

yvelafris mizezi produqciasa da momsaxurebaze moTxovnis klebaa,

romelic Sedegad iwvevs miwodebis klebas. amas saboloo jamSi mivyavarT

ekonomikuri aqtivobis SemcirebasTan da umuSevrobis zrdasTan. sxva

sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, adamianebi ratomRac erToblivad iReben

gadawyvetilebas, aRar SeiZinon sxvadasxva produqti da momsaxureba. am

produqtebisa da momsaxurebis mimwodeblebi kargaven klientebs da

Sesabamisad amcireben miwodebas (radgan myidveli ar hyavT). Sedegad ki

klebulobs warmoeba da dasaqmeba. 34

miuxedavad imisa, rom keinsis receptma im etapze gaamarTla

(SesaZloa imitom, rom rogorc instrumenti is politika sworic iyo),

magram mecnierma ver gaiTvaliswina ekonomikur ciklze teqnologiuri

progresisa da inovaciebis gavlena, romlebic winmswreb moTxovnilebebs

aCenen. realurad keinsma Sedegi mizezad aRiqva da ar CaRrmavebia imas, Tu

araefeqtiani moTxovna riT iyo gamowveuli.

34 CalafeiqriSvili v., ,,saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigis gavlena msoflio

ekonomikur krizisze”, Jurnali ,,ekonomika da biznesi”, # 4. Tb., 2011. gv. 33.

- 42 -

j. keinsis Teoriaze ieriSi miitana Cikagos skolis ekonomistma

milTon fridmenma da man fulis raodenobrivi klasikuri Teoria

ganamtkica, uzrunvelyo ra imis damamtkicebeli sabuTebi, rom federaluri

mTavrobis deficits ar aqvs mastimulirebeli efeqti. man agreTve ganmarta,

Tu ra zegavlenas axdens fulis miwodebis cvlileba ekonomikaze.35

m. fridmenis mixedviT, 1929 wels safondo birJis kolafsi ara

federaluri sarezervo sistemis, aramed mTavrobis mier daSvebuli

Tanmimdevruli Secdomebis brali iyo. am Secdomebma gamoiwvia krizisi,

romelic Semdgom did depresiaSi gadaizarda. amis mizezi misi mtkicebiT

iyo cudi anu araswori monetaruli politika. realurad 1928 wels

federalurma serezervo sistemam Semakavebeli monetaruli politikis

gatareba daiwyo spekulaciebis moTokvis mizniT, vinaidan safondo

birJaze bumi iyo, aman gamoiwvia ekonomikis Seneleba da ekonomikur

agentebs Seaxsena, ekonomikuri krizisi axlovdeboda. SemdgomSi mcdari

politikis Sedegad fulis masa erTi mesamediT Semcirda, ramac sabanko

sistemis marcxi da danazogebis ganadgureba gamoiwvia. 36

ekonomikuri recesiebs xsnis kidev erTi Teoria, romelsac TiTqmis

saukunovani istoria aqvs. es ukanaskneli 2007 wels dawyebuli finansuri

krizisis fonze (romrlic DdRemde grZeldeba) sul ufro meti ekonomistis

interesis sagani xdeba. vsaubrobT ekonomikis e.w. avstriuli skolis mier

Camoyalibebul Teoriaze, romelis Tanaxmad pirdapiri kavSiri arsebobs

bazarze fulis miwodebasa da ekonomikur aqtivobas Soris. rodesac

mTavroba zrdis mimoqcevaSi arsebuli fulis odenobas, iqneba es axali

fulis dabeWdvis Tu fulze xelmisawvdomobis gazrdis (mag. saprocento

ganakveTis xelovnurad dawevis) gziT, xdeba kreditebis moculobis

arabunebrivi zrda.37

xsenebuli Teorebi cdiloben axsnაn krizisisa da recesiis

mizezebi rasakvirvelia, maTSi WeSmaritebis marcvlebi namdviladaa, Tumca,

35 iunksi e., ,,milTon fridmenis pragmatuli liberTalianizmi”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, krebuli VI, ,,Tavisuflebis moazrovneebi”, Tb., 2009. gv. 153. 36 iunksi e., ,,milTon fridmenis pragmatuli liberTalianizmi”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka, krebuli VI, ,,Tavisuflebis moazrovneebi”, Tb., 2009. gv. 154. 37 CalafeiqriSvili v., ,,saerTaSoriso ekonomikuri wesrigis gavlena msoflio


- 43 -

erTiani recepti krizisidan umtkivneulod gamosvlisa jer vercerT

skolas Tu mecniers ver SeumuSavebia.

rig mkvlevarTa azriT krizisul fonze ikveTeba tendenciebi,

romlebic winaaRmdegobaSi modis Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis

principebTan. krizisSi mTavar damnaSaved erTxmad acxadeben finansuri

seqtoris kontrolis meqanizmebis araefeqtianobas, TiTqosda Tavisufali

sabazro ekonomikis principebze dafuZnebulma ekonomikam ver uzrunvelyo

im recesiis SeCereba, risi erT-erTi gamomwvevi mizezic TiTqosda TviTon

iyo.38

aRniSnul TeoriebSi ZiriTad SedegTan brZolis meqanizmebzea

saubari da ar Cans krizisis gamomwvevი mizezebis aRmofxvris an

ganeitralebis winadadebebi.

TiTqmis yvela antikrizisuli politika, zrdis samTavrobo

administrirebis dones, Sesabamisad is zRudavs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas,

ramac SesaZloa gamoiwvios vardnis siRrmis gazrda da depresia. garda

aRniSnulisa, TviT krizisis umTavresi mizezi swored, rom ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis araTanabari arsebobaa, lokalur Tu globalur doneze, rac

damoukideblad ama Tu im qveynis (regionis) gadasawyvetia.

swored qveynebs Soris ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis araTanabari

arseboba, sxvadasxva dargisa Tu ekonomikur segmentebSi ganapirobebs

ararealur ekonomikuri warmodgenebs e.w ,,buStebis bervas”. vinaidan

sainvesticio Tanxebi ver realizdeba realur ekonomikaSi, sxva ukeTesi

racionaluri alternativebis ar arsebobis gamo (romelsac mxolod

realuri ekonomikuri Tavisufleba iZleva), danazogebi ver gardaiqmnebian

diferencirebul investiciebad da isini konkretul regions, konkretul

sferos (mag. safondo birJas) awvebian, Sedegad garkveul wamyvan qveynebsa

da regionebSi, rig ekonomikur segmentebSi ararealuri (aqtivebiT

gaumyarebeli) finansuri saxsrebi koncentrirdeba, maSin rodesac rigi

regionebi finasuri saxsrebis SimSils ganicdis da aqtivebs realurze


ekonomikur krizisze”, Jurnali ,,ekonomika da biznesi”, # 4. Tb., 2011. gv. 43. valerStaini i., ,,globaluri krizisis dinamika (dausrulebeli): ocdaaTi wlis

Semdeg” http://leftists.wordpress.com/2010/10/18/

http://leftists.wordpress.com/2010/10/18/

- 44 -

ramdenjerme naklebi Rirebuleba aqvs, rac aseve ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

dabali maCvenebliTaa gamowveuli.

ekonomikis xelovnuri stimulireba arc ise kargad muSaobs.

miviCnevT, rom ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis pirobebSi SesaZlebelia

recesiebisadmi SedarebiT mdgradi ekonomikuri sistemis marTva, romelic

sabazro principebiT imoqmedebs, vidre xelovnuri CarevebiT, gadavadebuli

krizisebiT, romlebic sabolood mainc kraxamde miiyvanen ekonomikas da

krizisuli vardnac ufro mZime da damangreveli aRmoCndeba globaluri

ekonomikisTvis. am ukanasknelis naTeli magaliTia 2007 wlis krizisis

evropuli viTareba, sadac swored ineqciebiT stimulirebam mTlianad

evrokavSiri CaiTria, ramdenime mis wevr qveyanas DdResac umZimesi viTareba

aqvs (espaneTi, saberZneTi, italia da a.S). aRniSnulma TviT msoflio

valutis pretenziis mqone fulsac ki (evro-dolari) safrTxe Seuqmna da

sakiTxi dResac sakmaod aqtualuria. SeZlebs, Tu ara evro Tavisi funqciis

SenarCunebas darCes evrokavSiris fulad erTeulad Tu Sewyveits

arsebobas rogorc mTliani evro sivrcis erTaderTi oficialuri valuta?

amas regionis momavali ekonomikuri politikis siswore gviCvenebs.

rig mkvlevarTa azriT krizisul fonze ikveTeba tendenciebi,

romlebic winaaRmdegobaSi modis Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis

principebTan. krizisSi mTavar damnaSaved erTxmad acxadeben finansuri

seqtoris kontrolis meqanizmebis araefeqtianobas, TiTqosda Tavisufali

sabazro ekonomikis principebze dafuZnebulma ekonomikam ver uzrunvelyo

im recesiis SeCereba, risi erT-erTi gamomwvevi mizezic TiTqosda TviTon

iyo.39

krizisebis ganeitralebis TvalsazrisiT zusti Teoriebi ar

arasebobs, gansakuTrebiT iseTi, romelic ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

safuZvlebidan amova da ara gardauvali SezRudvebisa da regulirebis

politikidan. Tumca, arseboben gamocdilebebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen

ZiriTad mimarTulebebs da romlebic aucileblad daexmarebian mkvlevarebs

mimdinare periodSi sxva drosa Tu sivrceSi ekonomikur recesiebs



- 45 -

Seexidon, ipovon swori gamosavali, romlis mignebisTvisac mudmivi

mecnieruli kvleva da muSaobaa saWiro.

globaluri krizisebis fonze izrdeba ekonomikuri regulirebis

done (qveynebSi, regionebSi), rac amcirebs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da

zRudavs ekonomikuri erTeulebis saqmianobas, Sesabamisd iwvevs

ekonomikuri aqtiurobis Semcirebas da kapitalis gadaadgilebas.

kapitalis gadaadgileba gamowveulia ara imdenad uSualod

ekonomikuri krizisiaT, ramdenadac krizisis dros regulirebiT

gamowveuli ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis SezRudviT da amis gamo agentebis

ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis ufro Tavisufali garemosken miswrafebiT.

amrigad, ekonomikuri krizisi da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba mizez

Sedegobriv kavSirSi imyofebian erTmaneTTan da urTierTanmdev procesebs

warmoadgenen. erTi mxriv, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dabalma donem

SeiZleba migviyvanos ekonomikur krizisamde da, meore mxriv, krizisis

saSiSroebidan gamomdinare ekonomikurma SezRudvebma da gamkacrebulma

regulirebam SeiZleba gamoiwvios ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis daqveiTeba.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, Semdgom qveTvebSi warmogidgenili

iqneba xedva ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da ekonomikuri krizisebis

urTierTkavSiris rig aspeqtebze.

- 46 -

2.2 ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikis

cikluri ganviTareba

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri krizisi ekonomikis ciklur

ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT mWidro kavSirSi imyofebian.

mocemul qveTavSi SevexebiT Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis

pirobebSi krizisis da cikluri vardnis gamomwvevi mizezebs da maT

urTierTkavSirs. aseve, vimsjelebT makroekonomikuri wonasworobis mTavari

problemis – erTobliv miwodebas da erTobliv moTxovnas Soris

wonasworuli Tanafardobis darRvevis mizezebze.

sayovelTaod cnobilia, rom ekonomikis wonasworuli mdgomareoba

ar aris mudmivi, ucleli procesi. ekonomikuri praqtika istoriulad amis

magaliTia. makroekonomikuri wonasworobis darRveva iwvevs ekonomikis

stagnacias, kriziss, Semdgom ki mimdinareobs misi reabilitaciis procesi,

vidre isev ar Camoyalibdeba wonasworoba ekonomikis axali aRmavlobis

gziT.

Cven ukve ekonomikuri Tu araekonomikuri literaturidan viciT, rom

stagnaciis process Tan axlavs iseTi uaryofiTi movlenebi, rogorebicaa:

danazogis, mSp-is, dasaqmebis da Semosavlebis Semcireba, umuSevrobis da

inflaciis zrda da sxva. sabolood ki isev regulirdeba stagnaciiT

gamowveuli probremebi da ekonomikuri krizisi cikluri vardna ubrundeba

wonasworul mdgomareobas, es ki xorcieldeba ciklurad misi Sesabamisi

fazebiT, romelsac Tan sdevs saxelmwifos Tu saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mxridan globalur Tu lokalur doneze ekonomikuri

regulirebis politikis gamkacreba (bankebis, safondo BbirJebis SezRudva

da sxva).

Sesabamisad antikrizisuli regulaciebidan gamomdinare ekonomikuri

- 47 -

Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri krizisi mWidro kavSirSia erTmaneTTan da

ekonomikis ciklur ganviTarebis fazebis Sesabamisad zemoqmedeben

erTmaneTze.

Tavisufali sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi SevecdebiT avxsnaT

krizisis da cikluri vardnis gamomwvevi rigi mizezebi, romlebic

Tanamedrove pirobebSi ikveTeba.

rogorc ukve sayovelTaod cnobilia, ekonomikur krizis gamosaxaven

ciklurad, xolo cikls yofen 4 ZiriTad fazad: mwvervali (piki), fskeri

(krizisi), dacema (daqveiTeba), aRmavloba (gamococxleba).

makroekonomikuri wonasworobis mTavari problema mdgomareobs

erToblivi miwodebis da erToblivi moTxovnas Soris wonasworuli

Tanafardobis darRvevaSi. Tumca, rogorc CvenTvis cnobilia, is moicavs

agreTve:

1. danazogebis da investiciebis Tanafardobas;

2. Sromaze moTxovnisa da miwodebis Tanafardobas;

3. inflaciisa da umuSevrobis Tanafardobas.

erToblivi moTxovnis da erToblivi miwodebis Tanafardobis

Seusabamoba arRvevs makroekonomikur wonasworobas, iwvevs ekonomikur

kriziss da ciklur ryevas. xolo Tu ratom irRveva maT Soris

wonasworoba, amaze gvaqvs Semdegi axsna – moqmedebs Warbi danazogi (Savi

dRisTvis), romelic j. m. keinss axsnili aqvs ,,fsiqologiuri kanonis” 40

meSveobiT, rac ganapirobebs danazogis dagrovebas. danazogis siWarbe ki

rogorc mecnierTa umravlesoba Tanxmdeba, warmoadgens ekonomikuri

krizisis cikluri vardnis wanamZRvars.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi, roca adgili aqvs faseulobaTa cvlas,

albaT ekonomistebs mocemuli viTarebis yuradRebiT mecnieruli gaazreba

gvmarTebs. vTanxmdebiT, rom gamouyenebadi danazogis zrda aris

ekonomikuri krizisis wanamZRvari. Tumca ver daveTanxmebi mosazrebas, rom

40 svaniZe s., disertacia, àrapirdapiri gadasaxadebi misi srulyofis ZiriTadi

mimarTulebebi~, àkaki wereTlis saxelmwifo universiteti~, quT., 2009.

http://www.atsu.edu.ge/geo/sadoqtoro%20disertacia/disertacia_svanadze.pdf


- 48 -

Tanamedrove pirobebSi danazogis zrda mxolod ,,fsiqolofiuri

faqtoriT” SeiZleba aixsnas.

aRniSnuli problemis Sefasebas exeba swored Cveni analizi kerZod

SeviswavleT damatebiT is faqtorebic, romlebic moqmedeben ,,dagrovebaze”

da maTi gavlena angariSgasawevia Tanamedrove ekonomikis pirobebSi.

agreTve, visaubrebT imazec, rom danazogis zrda aucileblia miviCnioT

Tu ara krizisis da cikluri ryevis gardauval pirobad - wanamZRvrad.

amrigad, imisaTvis, rom danazogisken swrafvis mizezs daubrundeT

erToblivi moTxovnisa da erToblivi miwodebis urTierTkavSirSi unda

CaveZioT.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi adamianis zrdadi moTxovnilebebi atareben

warmoebaze winmswreb tendenciebs – rac warmoSobs daxvewil maRal

moTxovnas, xolo am mocemulobas miwodebam adeqvaturad Tu ver upasuxa

ukve maT Soris adgili aqvs Tanxvedri garigebebis darRvevas anu

,,disbalans”, es ar aris situacia bazarze saqonlis siWarbis aramed

bazarze ,,X” axalgazrda saqonlis deficitia, romelzec winmswrebi

moTxovnaa warmoSobili.

Sesabamisad am process, erTi mxriv, saqonlis siWarbe axasiaTebs,

sinamdvileSi ki saqme gvaqvs erToblivi ,,miwodebis daberebasTan”

(moZvelebasTan, mocemulis mimarT adeqvaturi termini jer ekonomikur

litereturaSi ar gxvdeba amitom ase movixseniebT ,,erToblivi miwodebis

sibere”), romelzec axali erToblivi moTxovna ara adeqvaturad anu

uaryofiTad reagirebs. am dros aRmavlobis fazaSi Semosavlebi izrdeba

da aZlierebs ,,novaciuri” saqonlis molodins.

zemoT aRniSnul SemTxvevaSi momxmareblebs meti stimuli eZlevaT

dazogvisaken. aris fuli, aris saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SeZenis

survilic, Tumca bazarze mocemuli saqoneli ver pasuxobs winmswreb

axal sasurvel moTxovnilebebs da Sesabamisad moTxovnac sustdeba (amis

magaliTad arc Tu ise Soreuli warsuli komunisturi periodi SegviZlia

moviyvanoT).

davediT iqamde, rom dazogvis mniSvnelovan mizezad CavTvaloT

erToblivi `miwodebis sibere”. axla ganvmartoT Tu ratom xorcieldeba

erToblivi `miwodebis dabereba”.

- 49 -

mogexsenebaT, rom nebismier saqonels an saqonelTa jgugs axasiaTebs

bazarze sasicocxlo periodi /cikli/, anu periodi erTi saxeobis saqonlis

bazarze Sesvlis, damkvidrebis, simwifis, bazridan gasvlis (aRniSnuli

ufro naTlad Cans naxazze 2.2.1).

amrigad, 2.2.1 naxazze mocemulia ama Tu im saqonlis (momsaxurebis)

bazarze arsebobis sasicocxlo periodi, Tu miwodebam droulad ver

upasuxa ,,A” `daberebuli saqonlidan~ ,,B” axal novaciur saqonelze

gadasvla misi Canacvleba, maSin adgili eqneba ,,miwodebis siberes” da

Sesabamisad gadaxdis unariani moTxovnis klebasac, Tundac Semosavlebis

zrdis kvalobaze. aRniSnuli iwvevs sabazro wonasworobis darRvevas. Cven

ar uarvyofT imas, rom dazogvisadmi ,,zRvruli midrekileba” arsebobs

Semosavlebis zrdis paralerurad, magram mxolod danazogis zrdis axsna

,,dazogvisadmi zRvruli midrekilebis” TeoriiT Tanamedrove pirobebSi

sruli WeSmariteba ver iqneba.

- 50 -

• CPI - fasebi (P - mogeba);

• T - droTi periodi;

• ,,a” da ,,b” ciklis monakveTi;

• A; B; C; D. da a.S sxvadasxva saqonlisa da momsaxurebis sasicocxlo ciklis mrudebi;

• Q1 – saqonlis sasicocxvlo zRvari;

• Q2 – saqonlis bazarze damkvidrebis periodi;

• Q3 – saqonlis simwife- momgebianobis periodi.

vinaidan igive fsiqologiuri faqtoria isic, rom ,,adamiani rac

ufro mets moixmars, miT metis moxmarebis survili uCndeba” oRond

Tvisobrivad ukeTesi da ufro Tanamedrove saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze.

amrigad, mzardi Semosavlebis Sesabamisad izrdeba moxmarebac,

magram Tu ,,miwodeba daberebulia”, maSin Tanxebi (Semosavali) ar ixarjeba

Semosavlis zrdis proporciulad. vinaidan Tanamedrove progresul

pirobebSi, rodesac bazarze uamravi saxis sqoneli iyris Tavs, es

asustebs gajerebis faqtors da Sesabamisad zRvrul moxmarebasac.

SeiZleba Tvisobrivad erTi saqoneli (momsaxureba) mravali

gaumjobesebiTa da sxvadasxva formiT Segvxvdes drois mcire periodSi

xarisxisTvis da gemovnebisTvis ukeTesi maxasiaTeblebiT, rom Cven

gajerebis grZnobis aRqmac ki ar gvxvdes wilad. es im SemTxvevaSi, Tu

bazari Tavisufalia da miwodeba moqmedebs adeqvaturad anu axerxebs

bazris, momxmareblebis moTxovnilebaTa zust ganWvreta-prognozirebas da

bazars Tavisuflad awvdis novaciur saqonels (momsaxurebas).41

magram ismis kiTxva: rogor moaxerxos moTxovnilebebi gamoicnos

mimwodebelma (mwarmoebelma)? aq ki unda daubrundeT danazogebs da

ekonomikur Tavisuflebas. danazogi ekonomikuri aRmavlobisas izrdeba –

xolo ekonomika mudmivad ganuxreli aRmavali xaziT viTardeba. Tumca,

41 gerliani r., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri krizisebi”, ,,globalizacia, saerTaSoriso biznesis Tanamedrove problemebi da ganviTarebis

tendenciebi”, saerTaSoriso samecniero praqtikuli konferencia 6-7 aprili, Tb.,

2012. gv. 140.

- 51 -

zogjer ufro neli tempiT, zogjer ufro daCqarebulad da amas

wonasworobis darRvevas, krizis vuwodebT da avsaxavT ciklurad. amrigad

danazogi ciklis Sesabamisad izrdeba, magram ara Tanabarzomierad.

miuxedavad imisa, rom Cven ukve vaxseneT cikluri vardnis

wanamZRvars warmoadgens danazogis zrda, yovelTvis rodia danazogis

zrda krizisis saSiSroebis matarebeli. aRniSnuls maSin aqvs adgli, Tu

misi investireba ar moxda optimalurad axal novaciur dargSi, mtp

gasaviTareblad da axali intensiuri winsvlis mastimurilebrad.

rogors paragrafSi $1.2 avxseniT ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze

mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli danazogis diferencireba sazogadoebasa da

ekonomikur erTeulebs Soris, amavdroulad misi erToblivi odenobac.

Tu danazogi ar aris diferencirebuli, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba

dabalia, Tavisufali investireba ver xorcieldeba da Tu xorcieldeba

ara im mimarTulebiT, razec sazogadoebrivi anu momxmarebelTa interesebia

mimarTuli.

rom daubrundeT wonasworobas danazogsa da investiciebs Soris

makroekonomikuri doneze, is Seesabameba danazogsa da optimalurad

(sworad) dabandebul investiciebs Soris Tanafardobas. anu realurad ras

niSnavs es? Tu investireba ar iqna droulad axal optimalur sferoSi, is

mxolod ,,daberebuli miwodebis” zrdas iwvevs da daarRvevs wonasworobas

(harmoniul proporcias) erTobliv moTxovnasa da erTobliv miwodebas

Soris, rac winapirobas qminis ekonomikuri krizisis da cikluri vardnis.

es viTareba Semdegnairad isaxeba naxazze 2.2.1, naxazis Sesabamisad,

Tu ,,A” saqonlis miwodebis simwifis periodSi, Tu ukve ar ganxorcielda

Tavisufali investireba ,,B” axalgazrda saqonlis warmoebaze da ar

ganxorcielda bazarze miwodeba, romlis Sesabamisi moTxovnad

gardasaqmneli moTxovnileba (molodini) arsebobs, maSin ,,miwodebis sibere“

gardauvalia, rac, rogorc ukve avRniSneT, mxolod sawyis etapze gazrdis

danazogebs, imis gamo, rom `daberebuli saqonliT” gajerebulia bazari da

qveiTdeba moTxovna.

Tu investireba ganxorcielda, magram ara optimalurad (ara

ekonomikurad Tavisufal garemoSi) am SemTxvevaSic moTxovnasa da

miwodebas Soris harmoniuli kavSiri mainc dairRveva” anu Tu simwifis

- 52 -

periodaSi investireba ganxorcielda `mwife” ,, A” saqonlis (momsaxurebis)

warmoebaze (,,A”–s da ,,B”–s miviCnevaT saqonelTa erTobad) am SemTxvevaSic

disbalansi mainc gadauvalia da marTlac ukve iqneba siWarbe ,,daberebuli

miwodebis”, rac an ekonomikas krizisul viTarebamde migviyvans

saerTaSoriso globalur doneze an investiciebis gadadinebas gamoiwvevs

lokalurad (mag: qveynidan-qveyanaSi an regionidan regionSi).

yovelivedan gamomdinare vaskvniT, rom saWiroa investiciebis

dabandeba novaciebisa da mtp-Si. vinaidan axal ,,B” saqonlis (momsaxurebis)

miwodebaze gadasvla moiTxovs, upirveles yovlisa, ,,A” daberebuli

saqonlis sawarmoo ukve moralurad gacveTili fondebis modernizeba-

gadaiaraRebas da momsaxureTa kvalifikaciis amaRleba-gadamzadebas, an

kidev axali profesiebis dauflebas. umetes SemTxvevaSi sruliad axal

novaciur teqnologiebze gadasvlas, axal fondebis Seqmnas da Tvisobrivad

axali kvalifikaciis an srulad gadamzadebuli personalis mozidvas

moiTxovs.

zemoT aRniSnuli, Tavis mxriv, arCevanis mravalferovnebas,

uzrunvelyofs, xolo arCevanis mravalferovneba mTavari maxasiaTebelia

ekonomikuri TavisuflebisTvis. anu rac metia asarCevi racionaluri

alternativebi miT metia ekonomikuri Tvaisufleba.42

analogiuri msjeloba SeiZleba Sromis moTxovna-miwodebis

Tanafardobis cvlilebazec. Tu droulad ver miewoda moTxovnis

Sesabamisad kvalificiuri Sromis resursi, es ukve zegavlenas moxdens

erTobliv miwodebaze uaryofiTad, gazrdis umuSevrobas (gvaqvs samuSao

Zalis siWarbe kvalificiuri samuSao Zalis deficitis fonze), rac

uaryofiTad imoqmedebs Semosavlebze da rasakvirvelia dazogvis

potencialzec. aq ki uSualod unda erTvebodes saxelmwos politika

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis amaRlebisa da ganaTlebis sferoSi, vinaidan

ganaTleba da Tavisufleba es is sferoa, romelsac Wirdeba saxelmwifos

poliikis mxardaWera.

sabolood Cvens mier Catarebuli analizi gviCvenebs, rom

42 gerliani r., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis roli da farglebi ekonomikur

politikaSi”, Jurnali, àxali ekonomisti~. Tb., 2010. #4.

- 53 -

danazogis zrda srulebiTac ar aris savalalo da saSiSi, Tu is

investirebuli iqneba optimalutad progresirebad dargebSi winsmwrebi

moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad. Tumca, danazogis zrda, Tavis mxriv, signali

unda iyos rogorc saxelmwifosTvis, aseve kerZo samewarmeo

erTeulebisTvis imisa, rom investireba ver xorcieldeba optimalurad da

saWiroa saxelmwifos mxridan mis xelT arsebuli berketebis (fiskaluri,

monetaruli da sxva) amoqmedeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mxardasaWerad,

xolo kerZo ekonomikuri agentebisTvis bazarze mdgomareobis gadaxedvaa

saWiro, vinaidan maTvis es aris axali SesaZlo moTxovnilebis gamocnobisa

da mis dasakmayofileblad axali saqmianobisTvis Tavisufal niSis

mopovebas SesaZlebloba.

ekonomikuri saqmianobisaTvis axali niSis mopovebas ki Wirdeba

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, Tavisufali kerZo bazari, mZlavri marketinguli

samsaxurebi da Zlieri Tanamedrove menejmentis safuZvelze moqmedi kerZo

sfero. aRsaniSnavia, rom Tanamedrove Tavisufali ekonomikis

progresisTvis da ekonomikis wonasworuli mdgomareobis SesanarCuneblad

didi mniSvneloba eniWeba axali ekonomikuri saqmianobebis sferoebis

warmoSobas, rasac yvelaze metad Tavisufali ekonomikuri garemo uwyobs

xels.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi sabanko sferosa da kerZo subieqtebs Soris

TanamSromlobis mravalferovnebis kvalobaze SeiZleba kidev erTi aspeqtis

axsna, romelsac uSualo kavSiri aqvs krizisTan da Sesabamisad ekonomikur

TavisuflebasTan.

dazogvisadmi adamianTa midrekilebis Teoriis Tanaxmad – erT-erTi

dazogvisadmi swrafvis mizezad Zveli midgomiT SeiZleba dagvesaxelebina

Semosavlebis akumulireba iseTi saqonlisa da momsaxurebis SesaZenad,

romelsac subieqtTa erTjeradi Semosavali ver yofnis (vTqvaT, erTi Tvis

Semosavali, xelfasi, da a.S) Tanamedrove pirobebSi SesaZlebelia

nebismieri saxis produqtis (dovlaTis) SeZena kreditis saxiT anu

dauSvaT 200 lariani SemosavliT, Cven raRac ,,X” saqonels SesaZenad,

romlis fasic 1600 lars warmoadgens gvixdeboda danazogis dagroveba

garkveuli drois (vTqvaT 10 Tve) ganmavlobaSi.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi zemoaRniSnuli procesi SeiZleba

- 54 -

Canacvldes kreditiT da SeviZinoT misi meSveobiT. rac zrdis ekonomikur

subieqtTa arCevanis Tavisuflebas da moTxovnilebis msyidvelobiTunarian

moTxovnad gardaqmnis Tavisuflebs, Tavis mxriv amcirebs dazogvisadmi

midrekilebas da abaTilebs midgomas danazogis akumlirebisa saqonlis

SesaZenad.

aRniSnul viTarebas rasakvirvelia aqvs dadebiTi da uaryofiTi

mxareebic ekonomikuri krizisis gamowvevisa da cikluri vardnis

TvalsazrisiT (gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa binaTmSeneblobisa da sabinao

uzrunvelyofis sferoSi).

vardnis procesze umetes wilad moqmedebs ara uSualod danazogi,

aramed ararentabeluri investiciebi. rodesac ukve iwyeba vardna, im

periodisTvis ukve arsebobs stimuli umuSevrobis gaRvivebisTvis is ukve

• QF- saqonlis raodenoba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis pirobebSi;

• CPI - fasebi (P - mogeba);

• T - droTi periodi;

- 55 -

• “a’ da “b” ciklis sruli (4 faziani) monakveTi.

vardnis dasawyiSive scildeba bunebriv dones da iwyeba CvenTvis nacnobi

cikluri umuSevroba (ix. naxazi 2.2.2). am periodisTvis adgili aqvs

arCevanis SezRudvas (maSasadame Tavisuflebis) da rogorc ukve viciT

fasebis dacemas ,,daberebul saqonelze”. fskerze yofnisas ki umuSevroba

maqsimums aRwevs, agreTve mimdinareobs inflaciuri procesi, romelic

zomierze metia, xolo am SemTxvevaSi ,,filipsis mrudis” Sesabamisad

umuSevroba iwyebs Semcirebas inflaciis zrdis kvalobaze.

inflacia dartymas ayenebs, upirveles yovlisa, danazogebs da amis

kvalobaze dazogvisadmi stimuli mcirdeba, rac reanimaciis dadebiT

instrumentad SeiZleba CaiTvalos, aseve SeuZlia astimuliros dasaqmeba.

miviCnevT, rom vardnis procesSi investiciebis zrdisas izrdeba

multiplikatori da aqseleratori, rac kidev ufro amZafrebs vardnis

simZimes, multiplikators zrdis agreTve samTavrobo finansuri ineqciebi

(TiTqmis yevela antikrizisuli Teoria ineqciur politikas gvTavazobs).

es agreTve damokidebulia imaze, Tu investireba vardnis fazaSi ramdenad

sworad iqneba ganxorcielebuli anu intensiuri gziT Tu gamoviyenebT

novaciebis investirebisTvis, is aucileblad Tundac vardnis fazaSic

krizisis daZlevas Seuwyobs xels. am SemTxvevaSi vardnis siRrme iqneba

naklebi da maleve daiwyeba reanimaciuli procesi.

amrigad, Tu swori ekonomikuri politika tardeba monetarul da

fiskalur sferoSi, SesaZlebelia maTi meSveobiT ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofa da cikluri krizisis marTva.

gvinda gamovTqvaT mosazreba antikrizisuli politikebis gavlenaze

ekonomikur TavisuflebasTan mimarTebaSi. j. m. keinsis ,,antikrizisuli

recepti”, ekonomikuri krizisisas, mizanSewonilia mxolod moklevadian

periodSi 43 . miuxedavad imisa, rom erTis SexedviT is ewinaRmdegeba

ekonomikuri Tvaisuflebis principebs, misi gamoyeneba ar aris gaTvlili

grZelvadian periodze da is moklevadian periodSi krizisidan gamoyvanas

emsaxureba. grZelvadian periodSi ufro efeqtiania, maT Soris ekonomikuri

43 http://giorgibenashvili.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/e18394e18395e183a0e1839de18399e18390e18395

e183a8e18398e183a0e18398e183a1e18394e18399e1839de1839ce1839de1839be18398e18399e183a3e183a0.pdf

http://giorgibenashvili.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/e18394e18395e183a0e1839de18399e18390e18395%20e183a8e18398e183a0e18398e183a1e18394e18399e1839de1839ce1839de1839be18398e18399e183a3e183a0.pdf




- 56 -

Tavisuflebis TavalsazrisiTac ,,laferis efeqtad“ 44 wodebuli politikis

gamoyeneba (amcirebs administaraciul wnexs), 45 rac gaaxangrZlivebs

aRmavlobis periods meti ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da ekonomikis

stabilurobis /wonasworobis/ gziT xangrZlivi periodis manZilze. is

iZleva meti ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis saSualebas da realurad mas

gaaCnia depresiis Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobebi.

laferis politikis paralelurad Tavisufali investirebis

xelSewyobiT novaciur saqmianobis sferoebSi, SesaZlebelia cikluri

ryevis amplidudis Semcireba, ekonomikis pikuri mdgomareobis

gaxangrZliveba da amiT Rrma ekonomikuri krizisis arideba.

amrigad, ekonomikis cikluri cvalebadoba gardauvalia.

ekonomistebis rogorc ekonomikis strategebis mizani araaa da verc iqneba

cikluri svlis SeCereba, aramed mizani unda iyos krizisis (dacemis)

Semsubuqeba da vardnis ciklis siRrmisa da droiTi xangZliobis Semcireba,

ris saSualebasac iZleva ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xelSewyoba da misi

uzrunvelmyofi politikis gatareba, ramac unda mogvces axali ekonomikuri

saqmianobis wamosawyebad Tavisufali garemo, Tavisufali investirebis

SesaZleblobebi. amiT SesaZlebelia bazarze saqonelTa sasicocxlo

periodisa da ekonomikis aRmavlobis periodis gaxangrZliveba.

44 http://myvuvuzela.wordpress.com/2012/06/21/reaganomics/ 45 ananiaSvili i., `laferis mrudi Tu mrudebis ojaxi~, Jurnali èkonomika da

biznesi~, #3, Tb., 2009. gv. 70-88.

http://myvuvuzela.wordpress.com/2012/06/21/reaganomics/

- 57 -

2.3 ekonomikuri Tavisufleba - globaluri krizisidan

lokalur warmatebamde

msoflio krizisuli viTareba, miuxedavad misi didi masStabebisa

mTlianad yvela qveynis an regionis krizis ar iwvevs, SesaZlebeblia

globaluri krizisi lokaluri warmatebis faqtoric ki iyos. amrigad, rigi

qveynebis swor ekonomikur politikas ekonomikuri Tvaiuflebis

uzrunvelyofis gziT, SeuZlia gazardos ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebi,

ekonomikuri zrdis tempi da ekonomikuri aRmavloba.

rogor SeiZleba ganxorcieldes es? rogorc viciT, krizisis wina

periodSi iwyeba daRmavloba e.w. ,,gaberili buStebis gaskdoma” 46 , rac

gamowveulia aqtivebis ararealurad maRali RirebulebiT anu maTi fasi

bevrad aRemateba maTi likvidurobis realur SesaZleblobebs,

amavdroulad, miuxedavad msoflio ekonomikuri sivrcis erTianobisa da

masSi metwilad Ria ekonomikebis arsebobisa (yvela qveynis ekonomika

kavSirSia sxva qveynebis ekonomikebTan da a.S), 47 arian qveynebi da

regionebi, romlebSic ekonomkuri aqtivebi sxvadasxva ekonomikuri da

araekonomikuri mizezebidan gamomdinare, realur Tavisufal sabazro

fasTan SedarebiT ramdenjerme naklebi Rirs an gacilebiT meti, vidre

realuri Tavisufali Rirebuleba. aRniSnuli viTareba zog regionebSi

xdeba kapitals da fuladi resursebis Warbad koncentrirebis (rac droTa

ganmavlobaSi ekonomikuri krizisis winapirobas qmnis), 48 zogSi ki maTi

`SimSilis~ mizezi, aRniSnulis ganmapirobebeli erT-erTi seriozuli

faqtoria ekonomikuri Tavisufleba.

krizisis wina periodSi, rogorc ki finansuri aqtivebis mflobelni

igrZnoben mcired ryevas, (Tundac ekonomikis gadaxurebas, erToblivi

miwodebis gadaberebas, mTavrobis administraciuli regulirebis simZimes)

46 http://geurasia.org/panel/uploads/documents/Laisser%20faire.doc

http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/business/2010-01-18/2778 47 http://sdasu.edu.ge/pub/eko/4.pdf 48 http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/politics/2009-09-22/128

http://geurasia.org/panel/uploads/documents/Laisser%20faire.doc

http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/business/2010-01-18/2778

http://sdasu.edu.ge/pub/eko/4.pdf

http://24saati.ge/index.php/category/news/politics/2009-09-22/128

- 58 -

anu Tu daiwyo ,,ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis” SezRudva, finansebi (fuli)

tovebs mimoqcevis sferos da is droebiT SesaZlo riskebis Tavidan

acilebis mizniT, Cerdeba (konservdeba) bazarze an ekonomikaSi xelsayreli

axali viTarebis Seqmnamde, rig SemTxvevaSi is gaedineba im regionebidan da

qveynebidan, sadac `saqmianobis Tavisufleba izRudeba”, krizisuli

viTarebiT Tu zogadad ekonomikuri politikiT.

aRniSnuli qmedeba xels uwyobs krizisis gaRrmavebas da aCqarebs

ekonomikuri daRmavlobis process, am fonze mTavari moTamaSe qveynis(ebis)

mTavroba(ebi) iZulebulni arian gazardon administraciuli Carevis done

ekonomikaSi, misi regulirebis TvalasazrisiT. amgvari regulaciuri

politikis gamo kidev ufro mcirdeba ekonomikuri Tvaisufleba.

Seqmnil viTarebaSi sainvesticio saxsrebis (fulis) mqone agentebi

eZeben `gაCerebuli” fulis dabandebis adgilebs, vinaidan investiciebi

moZraoben mogebisaken da Tavisufali moRvaweobis adgilebisken. aseTi

alternativis gamoCenis udidesi SesaZleblobebi aqvT ekonomikurad

naklebad ganviTarebuli regionebis qveynebs, sadac aqtivebi realurze

naklebi Rirs da es mimzidvelia mniSvnelovani dabandebebis mozidvis

TavalsazrisiT, Tu ra Tqma unda, isini SeZleben SesTavazon Tavisufali

ekonomikuri garemo ekonomikuri saqminobisTvis. anu subaria im faqtorebis

moxsnaze, ris gamoc investiciis mflobelni Sesabamis krizisul regionebs

da qveynebs gaurbian.

globalur doneze ekonomikis krizisuli viTareba xatovnad rom

warmovidginoT, gavs oqros qviSis mTebis CamoSlas, romlebic wamyvani

krizisuli qveynebis farglebSia ganlagebuli. krizisi erTgvari biZgi,

ryevaa, ris Sedegadac oqros mTebi CamoiSleba da oqros qviSac

dadablebuli adgilebisken daiZvreba, da is aucileblad am dadablebul

adgilebs avsebs, Tu ra Tqma unada, mas winaRoba da xelovnuri barierebi

ar daxvdeba, rac Seaferxebs mis Tavisufal moZraobas.

globaluri ekonomikis SemTxvevaSi dadablebul cariel adgilebs

swored dabali ekonomikuri ganviTarebis qveynebi warmoadgenen (romelTa

rigSic postsocialisturi qveynebi da maT Soris saqarTveloc moiazreba),

am qveynebis mimzidvelobas ekonomikuri Tavisufleba ganapirobebs, vinaidan

is niSnavs xelovnuri barierebis arqonas da racionaluri alternativebis

- 59 -

simravles biznes saqmianobisTvis, swored es aris SesaZlebloba

uzarmazari krizisuli aqtivebi daiZras Cvenairi (dabali ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis) qveynebis mimarTulebiT.

amrigad, globaluri krizisisas ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvis, sadac

jer kidev eqstensiuri ekonomikuri zrdis faqtorebic ki ar aris

gamoyenebuli, did SesaZleblobas iZleva miaRwios maRali zrdis temps da

gadavides intensiur ekonomikur zrdaze, globaluri krizisis gamoyenebiT

lokaluri warmatebis misaRwevad.

musirebs azri, rom globaluri krizisi, recesia azaralebs yvelas -

ganviTarebul, Tu ganviTarebad qveynebs. agreTve mohyavT eqstensiuri

ekonomikuri zrdis stadiaSi myofi qveynebisTvis damaxasiaTebeli

viTarebebi. saqarTvelos magaliTze amis argumentia sazRvargareT

(ganviTarebul regionebSi) samuSaod wasuli moqalaqeebi da maTi

anazRaureba, rame Tu isini samSobloSi mniSvnelovan finansur aqtivebs

agzavnian49. es faqtori namdvilad arsebobს, zogi maTgani ekonomikuri

krizisis mqone qveynebSi saqmianoben, Tumca am qveynebSi, rogorc wesi, isini

arakvalificiur samuSaoebs asruleben da amitom krizisuli viTareba

naklebad aisaxeba maTze.

sazRvargareT dasaqmebuli moqalaqeebi gamonaklis SemTxvevaSi Tu

iZulebuli gaxdebian samuSaos uqonlobis gamo dabrundnen samSobloSi,

esec dadebiTad imoqmedebs qvveynis ekonomikaze, mcired danazogTan erTad

(es mcire saqarTvelosTvis saSualoa) isini ucxour gamocdilebasac

Camoitanen mcire saqmianobis TvalsazrisiT. anu amiT qveyanas ubrundeba

ara inertuli aramed motivirebuli adamianuri resursi, romelsac SeuZlia

gadaiqces biznesis Tu sxvasaxis ekonomikuri saqmianobis warmatebul

fenad. sabolood ki qveynis ekonomikur potencials aamaRlebs raoden

arasasurveladac ar unda Candes es.

jamurad amdagvari argumentebiT moyvanili danakargebi mcirea im

SesaZleblobebTn da potencialTan SedarebiT, risi gamoyenebac

globaluri krizisuli viTarebisas SeiZleba didi moculobis

sainvesticio dabandebebiTa Tu sxva sikeTeebis saxiT, risi miRebac

sruliad aris damokidebuli ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxze da mis

49 http://www.bfm.ge/banks/2402-crisis.html

http://www.bfm.ge/banks/2402-crisis.html

- 60 -

amaRlebaze.

garda zemoxsenebulisa, eqstensiuri dabali ekonomikuri zrdis

qvveynebis Sida socialuri SesaZlebloba, anu sazogadoebrivi

msyidvelobiTi unari gacilebiT mdgradia globaluri krizisebisadami

(samwuxarod es misi simwiriTaa ganpirobebuli), is faqtiurad minimalur

Semosavals Seadgens cxovrebisTvis.

am fonze, sxva Tanabar stabilur viTarebaSi, im sikeTeebis miReba,

rac ekonomikurad mowinave regionebis Tu qveynebis mosaxleobis saSualo

fenas SeuZlia, CvenisTana qveynebis moqalaqeebis 90%-s SeuZlia miiRos

mxolod 7-10 wlis perspeqtivaSi.

globalur krizisul viTarebaSi es sikeTeebi (mag. avtomanqana,

sayofacxovro teqnika, momsaxurebisa da warmoebis danadagarebi)

SesaZlebelia krizisuli fonidan gamomdinare ,,gaiafdes” dabal

ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone qveynebisTvis maTi Semosavlebis ufro

metad stabilurobis gamo.

zemoxsenebulidan gamomdinare, 7-10 wlian perspeqtivaSi misaRebi

sikeTeebi savsebiT realuria miiRon 1-2 welwadSi, rac ekonomikuri Tu

socialuri winsvlis daCqarebul temps warmoadgens da rasakvirvelia

swraf svlas cxovrebis donis gamoTanabrebisken ekonomikurad

ganviTarebul da naklebad ganviTarebul regionebs Soris.

ar vamtkicebT, rom zogadad globaluri krizisi dadebiTi movlenaa,

magram realurad krizisebis arseboba saxezea da am fonze saWiroa swori

politika, romelic yvelaze dadebiTad imoqmedebs, erTi mxriv,

ekonomikurad CamorCenili qveynis(ebis) wamowevisTvis da, meore mxriv,

mowinave qveynebis krizisidan gamosayvanad.

amrigad, ekonomikurad dabalganviTarebul qveynas (regions)

globaluri krizisis fonze, SeuZlia gacilebiT meti miiRos, vidre

dakargos, ufro metic - swori ekonomikuri politikisa da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis uzrunvelyofiT, SesaZlebelia ufro adre gadainacvlon

maRali ekonomikuri zrdis da ganviTarebis mqone qveynebis rigSi.

amavdroulad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom maTTvis es SesaZleblobebi gacilebiT

metia msoflio krizisis fonze vidre sxva Tanabar pirobebSi.

ganvmeordebi, rom aRniSnulisTvis saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisufleba

- 61 -

da misi xarisxis amaRleba, rac xels uwyobs kapitalis koncentracias,

(ucxouri Tu adgilobrivi) dabandebas da ekonomikuri saqmianobis

warmarTvas, Tavis mxriv, fuladi kapitalis koncentracia zrdis saerTo

msyidvelobiT unars da SesaZleblobebs aqtivebis Tavisufali

damkvidrbisTvis (SeZenisTvis), aRniSnuli ki xdeba winapiroba ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis uzrunvelmyofi mTavari faqtoris kerZo sakuTrebis

(zogadad sakuTrebis saxelmwifo Tu kerZo) saTanado doneze arsebobis da

misi xelSeuxeblobis.

Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom swori ekonomikuri politikiT

globaluri krizisis fonze, roca globalur doneze izRudeba nebsiT Tu

uneblied ekonomikuri Tavisufleba (krizisebi da misi samTavrobo

regulirebebi) gvaZlevs unikalur Sanss ekonomikis naxtomisebri

ganviTarebisa, da amavdroulad krizisuli wamyvani qveynebisTvis Tu

damatebiTi barierebi moixsneba (Semsubuqdeba) qveynebs Soris, ekonomikurad

dabalganviTarebuli qveynebi SesaZloa iqcnen maSvel rgolebad maTi

ekonomikebis krizisidan gamoyvanis TvalsazrisiT (krizisis gamo

gaCerebuli sxvadasxva saqonelisa da momsaxurebis, teqnikisa da

teqnologiebis moTxovnis stimulirebiT).

epoqa uamrav SesaZleblobebs iZleva da am fonze SesaZlebelia isic,

rom ,,caTambjenebi darCnen mxolod istoriul maRal nagebobebad, rogorc

egviptis piramidebi”, 50 xolo finansuri da ekonomikuri simZlavreebis

epicentrma gadainacvlos sxva regionebSi.

50 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sV_RVtdkkpQ

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sV_RVtdkkpQ

- 62 -

Tavi III. kerZo sakuTrebis analizi da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxi

3.1 kerZo sakuTreba _ ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis garanti

`kerZo sakuTrebis gareSe Tavisufleba ar arsebobs~ a. baqraZe

adamianis Tavisufleba da kerZo sakuTreba odidganve filosofiur

urTierTkavSirSi imyofeba, xolo Tanamedrove ekonomikuri politikis

pirobebSi kerZo sakuTreba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis maxasiaTebeli da

mTavari pirobaa.

kerZo sakuTreba aris safuZveli, razec unda daSendes sabazro

ekonomika. kerZo sakuTrebis gareSe sabazro ekonomikis Seneba an masze

saubari ubralod fiqciaa da emsgavseba frinvels frTebis gareSe.

gamoCenili ingliseli moazrovnis jon lokis azriT: `dedamiwa

adamianisa da masze dabla mdgomi yvela qmnilebisTvis saerToa, Tumca

arsebiTia is garemoeba, rom adamiani sakuTar Tavs ganagebs, anu sakuTari

Tavi mas ekuTvnis da arc erT sxva adamians masze ufleba ar gaaCnia

(qarTul enaze es gansakuTrebulad kargad gamoixateba `Tavisufleba~ anu

`Tavis~-ùfleba~, sakuTari Tavis floba). Sesabamisad, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

adamianis sxeulis ZaliT da misi xeliT Seqmnili nivTebi mis

damsaxurebul sakuTrebas warmoadgens. Sesabamisad, yvelaferi, rasac

adamiani bunebidan iRebs an rasac masSi debs, raSic Tavis Sromas aqsovs

da an amatebs imas, rac ukve misia da am gziT Tavis sakuTrebad gardaqmnis,

misi kanonieri kuTvnilebaa.~ 51

ekonomikuri istoriis ganviTarebis manZilze msoflio ekonomikam

sakuTrebis mravali forma gamoscada (saxelmwifo, saerTo koleqtiuri,

kerZo). Tumca, Tavisuflebas da ekonomikur Tavisuflebas yvelaze metad

kerZo sakuTreba amyarebs misi mravalferovnebiT.

51 loki j., sakuTreebis Sesaxeb `meore Txzuleba samoqalaqo xelisuflebis

Sesaxeb~, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis krebuli III. `sakuTreba da Tavisufleba~.

http://nesgeorgia.org/publicationst3.php


- 63 -

kerZo sakuTreba msoflio ekonomikis yvela epoqis da agreTve

sxvadasxva qveynebis ekonomikuri politikis mTavar sazrunavs warmoadgens,

jer kidev mimdinareobs azrTa Widili sxvadasxva sakuTrebis formebis

ekonomikur efeqtianobaze, maT Soris TviT kerZo sakuTrebis formebis

efeqtianobazec.

hans herman hopes azriT, kerZo sakuTrebis idea Seesabameba Cvens

moralur intuicias da is sazogadoebrivi wyobisa da winaaRmdegobebis

mogvarebis erTaderT swor gzas warmoadgens. xolo kerZo sakuTrebis

instituti ekonomikuri aRmavlobisa da „sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis~

safuZvelia. Tuki adamianebi kerZo sakuTrebis institutiT gansazRvrul

wesebs icaven, sazogadoebrivi keTildReoba izrdeba. 52

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da kerZo sakuTrebis sakiTxi,

gansakuTrebiT saintereso da aqtualuria postsocialisturi sivrcisTvis,

rame Tu aq politikur da ekonomikur wyobilebis cvlilebas Tan sdevs

sakuTrebis formacvalebac saxelmwifo sakuTrebidan kerZo sakuTrebaSi

gadasvlis saxiT, rac SeiZleba CaiTvalos erT-erT mTavar movlenad

postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebis ekonomikur politikaSi.

am qveyanaTa rigSi gamonaklisi arc saqarTveloa da aqac

mimdinareobs rogorc ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis, aseve saxelmwifo

sakuTrebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebis procesi (zogadad aqtivebze

sakuTrebis formebis misadageba aramxolod kerZo sakuTrebis saxiT) da

Sesabamisad sakiTxi metad aqtualuria.

saqarTveloSi saerTo qonebis mniSvnelovani nawili jer kidev

saxelmwifo skuTrebaSia, am mxriv Zalze TvalsaCinoa miwis resursi da

gansakuTrebiT sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi. romelTa kerZo sakuTrebad

formirebis da Tavisufal ekonomikur brunvaSi CarTvis kvlevis magaliTze.

Cven SegviZlia zogadi ekonomikuri kanonzomierebebi gamovikvlioT da

vaCvenoT misi gavlena Tavisufali bazris da Tavisufali mewarmeobis

funqcionirebaze, agreTve ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxze.

aqedan Cans Tavisuflebisa da sakuTrebis aqtualuroba rogorc

52 hope h. h., ,,kerZo sakuTrebis eTika da ekonomika”, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis

krebuli III, `liberalizmi da sakuTreba~, punqti IV, Tb., 2005.

http://nesgeorgia.org/files/III-160-hoppe.pdf


- 64 -

saqarTveloSi ise mTeli msaoflios maStabiT, sazogadoebas aqvs

moTxovnileba sakuTrebis damkvidrebis, misi mSvidobiani da Tavisufali

floba, gamoyeneba, gankargvis.

kvlevis meSveobiT SevecdebiT ganvsazRvroT ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxis uzrunvelmyofi erT-erTi mTavari faqtoris, kerZo

sakuTrebis ekonomikuri upiratesoba saxelmwifo sakuTrebasTan (sakuTreba

saSualebas iZleva ekonomikuri agentebis moRvaweobisTvis sxvadasxva

alternativebis racionaluri arealis gafarToebis, maSasadame ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxis amaRlebisaTvis). am mxriv mniSvnelovania aixsnas

kerZo sakuTrebis da ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis urTierTdamokidebuleba,

agreTve ganvsazRvroT saxelmwifo sakuTrebis da kerZo sakuTrebis

efeqtianoba. marTlac saintereso iqneba miwis resursis klasifikacia da

masze kerZo sakuTrebis analizi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis bazris

magaliTze, zogadad ekonomikuri aqtivebis, Tavisufali investirebisa da

ekonomikuri efeqtianobis amaRlebis CvenebiT.

saqarTveloSi saxelmwifo sakuTrebis gankerZoebis xarvezebis

Cveneba da praqtikuli rekomendaciebis Camoyalibeba mniSvnelovania kerZo

sakuTrebis swrafi formirebisa da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarixis

amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT. aseva mniSvnelovania sabazro ekonomikis

pirobebSi SevafasoT kerZo sakuTrebis mniSvneloba ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis amRlebis TvalsazrisiT.

sakiTxis kvlevisas daveyrdeniT saqarTvelos finansTa saministros

`momsaxurebis saagentos~ www.eauction.ge -s da `saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da

mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros privatizebis departamentis~ oficialur

eleqtronul http://privatization.ge-s monacemebs.

kerZo sakuTrebasa da ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze uamravi naSromi Tu

samecniero analitikuri kvlevaa gamoqveynebuli, romlebic ZiriTadad

saerTaSoriso Teoriul doneze xsnian sakiTxs an romeliRac sxva qveynis

konkretuli problemis magaliTze gvaZleven praqtikul Tu Teoriul

daskvnebs. bolo periodSi ZiriTadad mainc sakuTrebis uflebebzea

yuradReba koncentrirebuli, is aramarto mkvlevarTa aramed politikosTa

da sazogadoebrivi seqtoris erT-erT mTavar aqtiurobis sferos

warmoadgens, rogorc calkeuli qveynis aseve saerTaSoriso doneze.

http://www.eauction.ge/

http://privatization.ge/

- 65 -

swored arsebul mosazrebze da naSromebze dayrdnobiT SevecdebiT avxsnaT

zogadi kanonzomierebebi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da kerZo sakuTrebis

mxriv, agreTev vaCvenoT konkretuli mdgomareoba aqtivebis bazris

Tavisufal funqcionirebasTan dakavSirebiT.

kerZo sakuTrebisa da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mkvlevarTagan erT-

erTi TvalsaCino warmomadgenelia meoce saukunis udidesi ingliseli

moazrovne da ekonomisti fridrix a. fon haeki, romelsac Tavis naSromebSi

kerZo sakuTrebis da Tavisuflebis genezisi da misi meTodologiuri

safuZvlebi farTod aqvs ganxiluli. mkvlevari Tavis midgomebTan erTad

yvela drois did moazrovneTa Sexedulebebsac gviziarebs.

a. haeki sakuTrebas antikuri fesvebidan gvacnobs da moyavs

mosazreba maszed, rom `berZnul-romauli samyaro upiratesad da upirveles

yovlisa kerZo sakuTrebis samyaro iyo – iqneboda es sakuTreba miwis

ramdenime akrisa, Tu senatorebis da imperatorebis uzarmazari

samflobeloebisa; es iyo kerZo vaWrobisa da xelosnobis samyaro~, 53

romelmac safuZveli daudo Tavisufal saerTaSoriso savaWro

urTierTobebs da maSindeli samyaros ekonomikur Tu politikur wesrigs.

rogorc CvenTvis cnobili xdeba berZenma, stoelma filosofosebma

pirvelebma Camoayalibes zneobrivi tradiciebi, rac Zlier winaaRmdegobebs

iwvevda jer kidev saberZneTSi vaWrobis mowinamRdege spartelaTa mxridan,

romlebic ar scnobdnen kerZo sakuTrebas. spartaSi piriqiT, qurdoba

nebadarTuli da waxalisebulic ki iyo.

stoeli filosofosebis zneobrivi tradiciebi Semdgom romis

imperiaSic farTod gavrcelda, xolo romis imperia, romelsac komerciul

moRvaweobasTan dakavSirebuli interesebis mqone senatorebi marTvdnen,

kerZo sakuTrebis formaTa kerZo samarTlis simbolod iqca54.

a. haekis azriT, kerZo sakuTreba, romelsac is ìndividualizebul

sakuTrebad~ moixseniebs, nebismieri ganviTarebul civilizaciis zneobrivi

53 haeki f. a., – `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000,

gv. 44. 54 haeki f. a., – `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000.

gv. 47-48.

- 66 -

normebis birTvia. 55 normebisa, romlebic uzrunvelyofs, erTi mxriv,

Tavisuflebis areals, meores mxriv mis sazRvrebs.

misive TqmiT `civilizacia SeiZleba vrceldebodes, magram ar

SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad waiwios win iseTi xelisuflebis pirobebSi,

romelic moqalaqeebs yoveldRiuri saqmeebiT xelmZRvanelobis uflebas

CamoarTmevs da mas TviTon aiRebs. jer arcerT ganviTarebul civilizacias

ar miuRwevia warmatebisTvis iseTi xelisuflebiT, romlis umTavares

mizans kerZo sakuTrebaze zrunva ar Seadgenda~.56

swored kerZo sakuTrebis gafarToeba uwyobs xels ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas (Tavisufal fasebs, Tavisufal bazras, konkurencias) iwvevs

saerTo keTildReobis amaRlebas, uzrunvelyofs ekonomikur zrdas da

saerTo sazogadoebrivi sikeTis matebas.

zemoaRniSnuls Semdegnairad gvixsnis hans herman hope – sakuTrebis

damkvidrebis TiToeuli SemTxveva mepatronis keTildReobas zrdis,

winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi es qmedeba arc ki ganxorcieldeboda. imavdroulad,

am qmedebiT ziani aravis ar adgeba. amis asaxsnelad mas paretos piroba

moyavs („sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis~ zrdaze saubari mxolod im

SemTxvevaSia mecnierulad gamarTlebuli, rodesac garkveuli cvlilebis

Sedegad Tundac erTi adamianis yofa umjobesdeba, xolo sxvebis

mdgomareoba ar uaresdeba).57

Tavdapirveli dapatronebis nebismieri SemTxveva am moTxovnas

akmayofilebs. igi ise zrdis erTi adamianis anu mesakuTris keTildReobas,

rom sxvebis dovlaTs (sakuTrebas) ar xelyofs. yvelas iseTive raodenobis

sakuTreba rCeba, rac manamde gaaCnda, xolo mimTvisebeli axal, manamde

ararsebul qonebas iZens. Sesabamisad, damkvidreba yovelTvis zrdis

sazogadoebriv keTildReobas, anu Tu warmoeba da moxmareba ar iwvevs sxva

adamianTa mflobelobaSi myofi qonebis fizikur dazianebas an Semcirebas,

55 haeki f. a., – `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000.


gv. 48. 57 hope h. h., ,,kerZo sakuTrebis eTika da ekonomika”, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis




- 67 -

igi yovelTvis sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis amaRlebas emsaxureba.58

marTlac, hopes es mosazreba naTlad asaxavs axali kerZo

sakuTrebis damkvidrebis meSveobiT rogorc keTildReobis amaRlebas, aseve

sabazro brunvaSi axali aqtivis Cabmasac, rac, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs

konkurencias, ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da aZlierebs ekonomikuri zrdis

SesaZleblobebs.

sazogadoebis amdagvari axali sakuTrebis damkvidrebis

moTxovnileba Sobs swored Tavisuflebas da Tavisufali qmedebis

aucileblobas, rac pirdapir exmianeba TiToeuli adamianis miswrafebas

gaiumjobesos da aimaRlos keTildReoba. swored es miswrafeba amoZravebs

Tanamedrove sazogadoebasac da amoZravebda antikuri xanis adamianebs Tu

maT erTobebs, rac Tavis mxriv garkveul wes-Cveulebebis da moralur Tu

samarTlebriv SeTanxmebebSi aisaxeboda.

Tavisuflebis, sakuTrebis da wesrigis arsebobis winapiroba Zveli

berZnebidan dRemde igive rCeba, Sesabamisi kanonzomierebis saxiT, rodesac

garkveuli wesebis erTianoba yvela personas aZlevs saSualebas, nebismier

dros darwmundes vis SeuZlia konkretuli nivTis floba.59

mesakuTreoba gansazRvruli pirovnebis mier garkveuli sagnebisa da

sivrcis erTpirovnul ganmgeblobas gulisxmobs. amis sapirispirod,

qonebrivi uflebis darRveva sxva piris mflobelobaSi arsebuli

sakuTrebis unebarTvo xelyofas niSnavs.60

antikuri xanidan dRemde sakuTrebis cneba ixveweba drosa da

sivrceSi Tavisi mravalferovnebiT, verc dRes da verc momavalSi ver

CaiTvleba dasrulebulad, rame Tu is Tavisufali ekonomikis ganuyofeli

nawilia da masTan erTad progresirebs, amasTan cnebiTi midgomebic

gadaxalisebas eqvemdebareba.

sakuTrebis uflebrivi sakiTxi jer kidev XVII saukuneSi mwyobradaa

58 hope h. h., ,,kerZo sakuTrebis eTika da ekonomika”, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis


http://nesgeorgia.org/files/III-160-hoppe.pdf 59 haeki f. a., `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000.

gv. 45. 60 hope h. h., ,,kerZo sakuTrebis eTika da ekonomika”, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis

krebuli III, `liberalizmi da sakuTreba~, punqti III, Tb., 2005.




- 68 -

axsnili gamoCenili ingliseli moazrovnis j. lokis mier 1690 wels

gamoqveynebul naSromSi òri traqtati xelisuflebis Sesaxeb~, sadac is

aRniSnavs, rom qonebrivi ufleba saerTo sargeblobis sagnis miTvisebisa

(dauflebis) da misi bunebrivi mdgomareobis SecvlisTanave warmoiSveba. am

uflebis gareSe saerTo mflobelobaSi myofi sagani usargebloa.61

swored aseT saerTo sakuTrebad SeiZleba CaiTvalos dRevandeli

saxelmwifo sakuTrebac, romelsac gansazRvruli mesakuTre ar yavs (kerZo

an saxelmwifo delegirebuli pirebis saxiT), xolo aseTi aqtivebi sabazro

ekonomikis pirobaSi usargeblo Tu ara, ekonomikurad araefeqtiani da

wamgebiani xdeba.

h. h. hope xsnis, rom aristotele Tavis „politikaSi~ kerZo

sakuTrebis upiratesobebze gvesaubreba. upirveles yovlisa, kerZo

sakuTreba ufro nayofieria. „is, rac mravali adamianis erTobliv

sakuTrebaSia, yvelaze naklebadaa movlili. adamianebi yvelaze met

yuradRebas imas uTmoben, rac maT ekuTvniT da naklebad zrunaven imaze,

rac sazogadoa. an Tu mainc zrunaven, mxolod imdenad, ramdenadac es

TiToeul maTTagans piradad exeba. maSinac ki, rodesac uyuradRebobis sxva

mizezi ar arsebobs, adamianebi maTze dakisrebuli movaleobebis

Sesrulebas Tavs mainc aarideben, Tuki fiqroben, rom maTi saqme SeiZleba

sxvam gaakeTos.~ 62

a. haeki gamoTqvams varauds, rom nayofieri miwis nakveTebis

xelSeuxeblobis uzrunvelyofis aucileblobam ganapiroba miwis saerTo

jgufuri sakuTrebidan kerZo personalur sakuTrebaze gadasvla, sadac

gadamwyvet garemoebad miiCnevs, rom kerZo sakuTrebis ganviTareba vaWrobis

ganviTarebis aucilebeli winapirobaa da sxva ufro didi urTierT

TanamSromlobaze dafuZvnebuli struqturebis Camoyalibebisa, maT Soris

iseTi signalebis warmomSobic, rogoricaa fasebi da sakuTrebis floba-

61 loki j., sakuTreebis Sesaxeb `meore Txzuleba samoqalaqo xelisuflebis

Sesaxeb~ Tavisuflebis biblioTekis krebuli III. `sakuTreba da Tavisufleba~.

http://nesgeorgia.org/publicationst3.php 62 hope h. h., ,,kerZo sakuTrebis eTika da ekonomika”, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis

krebuli III, `liberalizmi da sakuTreba~, punqti V, Tb., 2005.




- 69 -

gamoyenebis sakiTxebi63.

j. loki ambobs, `miwa adamianis sakuTreba imdenadaa, ramdenadac igi

xnavs, Tesavs, anoyierebs, amuSavebs da nayofs imkis~ 64 . anu ekonomikur

aqtiurobasa da brunvaSia Cabmuli, dRevandel saqarTvelos realobaSi

ZiriTadi mesakuTre saxelmwifo miwis ekonomikur brunvaSi Cabmas ver

axerxebs, Sesabamisad ekonomikurad araefeqtianobasTan erTad

sazogadoebrivi keTildreobis TvalsazrisiT wamgebiania aseT aqtivze

saxelmwifo sakuTrebis uflebac. is zegavlenas axdens TiTeuli moqalaqis

Tavisuflebaze, radgan sakuTreba mTavari faqtoria ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis.

Tavisufleba asaxavs rogorc calkeuli adamianis mdgomareobas

aseve adamianTa mTeli jgufis mdgomareobasac. 65 aqedan gamomdinareobs

swored sazogadoebrivi wesrigis aucilebloba, sadac adamianTa interesebi

unda iyos SeTanawyobili, maT Soris kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidrebis,

skuTrebis qonis, misi Semdgomi Tavisufali gankargvisa da sakuTrebis

xelyofisagan dacvis garemo.

f. bastias azriT, sazogadoeba, adamianebi da sakuTreba kanonis

Camoyalibebamde arsebobda. ,,me ase vityodi: sakuTreba imitom ki ar

arsebobs, rom kanoni arsebobs, aramed kanoni arsebobs imitom, rom

sakuTreba arsebobs”66.

bastia ambobs - ,,sakuTreba me mesmis, rogorc mSromeli adamianis

ufleba yovelive imaze, rac man Tavisi SromiT Seqmna”. misi azriT

sakuTreba RvTis nebiT aris gaTvaliswinebuli da kanonis daniSnuleba

swored sakuTrebis dacvaa - ekonomistebs miaCniaT, rom sakuTreba iseTive

da imTaviTve arsebuli faqtia, rogorc adamiani. adamiani kanons ar

63 haeki f. a., – `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000.

gv. 46-47. 64 loki j., sakuTreebis Sesaxeb `meore Txzuleba samoqalaqo xelisuflebis

Sesaxeb~, Tavisuflebis biblioTekis krebuli III, `sakuTreba da Tavisufleba~.

http://nesgeorgia.org/publicationst3.php 65 balceroviCi l., `saxelmwifo gardamaval periodSi~, (a. griSikaSvilis Targmna)

Tb., 2002. gv. 13. 66 bastia f., ,,sakuTreba da kanoni“. `Tavisuflebis biblioTekis krebuli~ III.

`liberalizmi da sakuTreba~

http://nesgeorgia.org/files/III-30-bastiai.pdf



- 70 -

Seuqmnia, iseve rogorc ar Seuqmnia sakuTreba. sakuTreba adamianis

arsebobis bunebrivi Sedegia. SegviZla vTqvaT, rom adamiani mesakuTred

ibadeba, radganac mas dabadebisTanave garkveuli moTxovnilebebi gaaCnia,

romelTa dakmayofileba misTvis sasicoxlod mniSvnelovania. 67

marTlac sakuTrebis arseboba iTxovs wesrigs da misi Tavisufali

gankargva samarTlianobas, swored wesrigi da samarTlianoba udevs

safuZvlad yvela kanons organizebul sazogadoebaSi.

d. iumisaTvis sakuTrebis maregulirebeli wesebi imdenad gadamwyveti

Canda zneobrivi normebis sistemaSi, rom maT àdamianis bunebis Sesaxeb

traqtatis~ Ddidi nawili miuZRvna. is miiCnevda, rom kerZo sakuTrebis

damkvidreba civilizaciis dawyebas mianiSnebda.68

d. iumis azriT, yvelasaTvis maqsimaluri Tavisufleba TiToeulis

Tavisuflebis SezRudvas moiTxovda. am SezRudvebs is sam ,,ZiriTad

bunebriv kanons” uwodebs. esenia ,,sakuTrebis stabilurobis, misi

SeTanxmebis saSualebiT gadacemisa da pirobis Sesrulebi~ Sesaxeb

kanonebi. is pirveli iyo vinc gaiazra, `rom sayovelTao Tavisufleba

SesaZlebelia mxolod im pirobiT, Tu TanSobili zneobrivi instinqti

,,Sekavdeba da SeizRudeba momdevno debulebiT” da ,, samarTlianoba an sxva

pirovnebis sakuTrebisadmi pativiscema, erTguleba an pirobis Senaxva

aucilebeli gaxdeba da Zalauflebas moipovebs adamianebze”.69

a.FEfergiusoni ambobs: ,,cxadi unda iyos, rom sakuTreba progresis

pirobaa”.70 marTlac yovlad warmoudgenelia ekonomikuri progresi

sakuTrebis gareSe, mis gareSe ekonomika safuZvel gamoclili iqneboda,

amitomac Tanamedrove pirobebSi kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidrebisa da misi

dacvis meqanizmebis srulyofaa saWiro. sakuTrebis uflebebis

srulyofasTan dakavSirebiT haeki gvawvdis Semdeg mosazrebas: imisTvis,

67 bastia f., ,,sakuTreba da kanoni“, `Tavisuflebis biblioTekis krebuli~ III.

`liberalizmi da sakuTreba~. http://nesgeorgia.org/files/III-30-bastiai.pdf 68 haeki f. a., – `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000.


gv. 52-53. 70 haeki f. a., – `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~ Tb., 2000.

gv. 53.


- 71 -

rom kerZo sakuTrebis instituti ufro sasargeblo gaxdes, kulturuli

da evoluciuri nabijebia gadasadgmeli, magaliTad, sakuTrebis uflebis

xelyofis aRsakveTad, konkurenciis sayovelTao gavrcelebaa saWiro.71

marTlac konkurencia da agreTve sakuTrebis diversificirebac

mTavari garanti da sakuTrebis xelyofisagan dacvis efeqtiani meqanizmebia.

rac Seexeba sakuTrebis diversificirebas Tanamedrove sakuTrebis formebis

mravalferovneba iZleva saSualebas, ama Tu im qonebas, aqtivs (materialur

da aramaterialur) mravali mesakuris saxiT gauCndes mravali damcveli,

rac Tavismxriv konkurentul garemos uwyobs xels da ra sakvirvelia

ekonomikur Tvisuflebasac.

cnobilia, rom ekonomikuri Tavisufleba Tanamedrove gagebiT

gulisxmobs xelSeuxebel kerZo sakuTrebaze dafuZnebuli warmoebis,

vaWrobis, dagrovebis, investirebis, gamomuSavebis da Seqmnilis gamoyenebis

Tavisuflebas.72

amrigad, kerZo sakuTreba xels uwyobs ekonomikuri Tavisuflebas,

radgan pirma Tavisuflad SeiZleba gamoiyenos, gacvalos da awarmoos is

rac kerZo sakuTrebaSia, xolo is, rac araa sakuTreba, mas Tavisuflad ver

awarmoeb da verc gacvli (sxva saxis sakuTrebas damatebiTi SezRudvebi

aqvs). faswarmoqmnaSic kerZo sakuTreba metad Tavisufalia bazris

moTxovnebis mixedviT lavirebisTvis, amitomac Tavisufal bazars swored

kerZo sakuTreba amyarebs da mis gareSe Tavisufali bazari ar arsebobs,

miuxedavad imisa, rom bazars SeiZleba yavdes moTamaSeebi, romlebic kerZo

mesakuTreebs ar warmoadgendanen.

SeiZleba iTqvs, rom rac meti aqtivia (qoneba) kerZo sakuTrebaSi miT

metia ekonomikuri Tavisufleba (kerZo sakuTrebis maRlia wili

`gaCerebul~ saxelmwifo sakuTrebasTan mimarTebaSi zrdis ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas), rogorc TiToeuli personis, aseve saerTo sazogadoebriv

doneze. rameTu kerZo sakuTrebis zrda afarToebbs alternatiuli

arCevanis areals ekonomikuri saqmianobisTvis da zrdis rogorc

personebis aseve sazogadoebis ekonomikur damoukideblobas (ekonomikur

71 haeki f. a., `sabediswero Tavdajerebuloba socializmis Secdomebi~, Tb., 2000.

gv. 54. 72 ilarionovi a., ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis biblioTeka, krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”,ATb., 2008. gv. 64.

- 72 -

Tavisuflebas), maT materialur keTildReobas.

3.2 kerZo sakuTreba saqarTveloSi da ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis Ddone

Cven mier zemoT moyvanili ganxilvebi, Teoriebi da daskvnebi

yovelive imisTvis ganvixileT, rom mocemuli kvlevis mizani da amocanebi

dagvekmayofilebina, rasac kerZo sakuTrebis mxriv saqarTveloSi arsebuli

realobis ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi unda daedgina.

mocemul qveTavSi Teoriuli, ekonomikuri reformebis istoriuli da

kvleviT Sedegebis analizis safuZvelze gvinda vaCvenoT realuri suraTi

sakuTrebisa da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mdgomareobisa; pasuxi gavceT

kiTxvebs: dasrulda Tu ara kerZo sakuTrebis formireba? SeZlo Tu ara

mis safuZvelze amoqmedeba kerZo Tavisufalma bazarma?

saqarTveloSi socializmis marcxis Semdgom, damoukideblobis

mopovebis da mis momdevno periodSic kerZo sakuTreba, misi arseboba da

ganmtkiceba erT-erTi mTavari mesiji iyo TiTqmis yvela xelisufalis Tu

xelisuflebaSi mosvlis pretendentTaTvis.

vinaidan kerZo sakuTreba axali cneba iyo da is faqtobrivad ar

arsebobda, manamde arsebuli komunisturi wyobis Sedegad kerZo

mesakuTreobis gageba saqarTvelos mosaxleobis umravlesobaSi an saerTod

gaqra an sakmaod Sesustda da maxinji formebiT SenarCunda. qarTuli

cnobierebac da yofac mniSvnelovnad daSorda kerZo sakuTrebiT

urTierTobebs da Sedegad miviReT sazogadoeba, romelSic CaxSobilia

jansaR sabazro saqmianobis motivacia73.

rasakvirvelia, ar arsebobda Sesabamisad misi formirebis da

sabazro marTvis Sesabamisi gamocdileba, miT umetes ar arsebobda

samarTleblivi baza kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis, dacvis da gankargva

73 jandieri g., ,,kerZo sakuTreba da saqarTvelo“ , Tavisuflebis biblioTekis

krebulis III wigni, `liberalizmi da sakuTreba~.

http://nesgeorgia.org/files/III-10-gia.pdf


- 73 -

gamoyenebis Sesaxeb.

miuxedavad yovelive aRniSnulisa, saqarTveloSi odidganve,

arsebobda kerZo sakuTrebis niSnebi, Tumca, yvelaze mkeTrad saqarTveloSi

kerZo sakuTreba XIX saukuns bolos da XX saukunis dasawyisSi Cndeba,

ramac Seqmna saqarTveloSi biznesis safuZvlebis da Tavisufali vaWrobis

piroba, Semdgom periodSi 1921 wlidan 70 wlis manZilze sakuTrebis cneba

rogorc biznes saqmianobis safuZveli faqtiurad gamqrali iyo.

gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebis saqarTveloSi sakuTrebis

mniSvneloba ZiriTadad zedapirulad da xSirad sityvis masalad

gamoiyeneboda, vidre misi arsobrivi mniSvneloba iyo.

aRniSnulis dasturia Sesabamisi samarTleblivi baza da maT Soris

konstituciis 1995 wlis redaqcia, romelic kerZo sakuTrebis srulfasovan

garantiasa da instituciur garemos ar gvTavazobda. konstituciis mixedviT

Cvens qveyanaSi `sakuTreba da memkvidreobis ufleba aRiarebuli da

uzrunvelyofilia~ 74 . am muxlidan Cans, rom sakuTrebiTi uflebebis wyaro

saxelmwifa. 75 aseTi mcdari midgoma arc aris gasakviri im periodis

realobidan gamomdinare, vinaidan mTeli qoneba marTlac saxelmwifos

xelSi iyo da kerZo sakuTrebis miRebis erTaderTi gzac saxelmwifo

`nebaze~ iyo mibmuli, es `neba” ki aRqmuli iyo rogorc sakuTrebis

damkvidrebis wyaro.

rac Seexeba Tavisuflebisa da kerZo sakuTrebis

urTierTdamokidebulebas saqarTveloSi, faqti erTia - sakuTreba

TavisuflebasTan erTad gaCnda, romelic aseve ucxo gasuli saukunis 90-

iani wlebis periodisTvis da masac uamravi winaaRmdegoba xvda wilad,

umetesad ki es winaamRdegobebi sakuTrebis gagebis ara saTanado doneze

gaazrebiT iyo gamowveuli.

amrigad, gasuli saukunis 90-iani wlebidan moyolebuli uamravi

problemis, warmatebuli Tu warumatebeli reformis fonze moxerxda kerZo

skuTrebis nawilobrivi formireba, Tumca, ver moxerxda kerZo sakuTreba

74 `saqarTvelos konstitucia~, muxli 21 Tb,. 1995. 75 jandieri g., ,,kerZo sakuTreba da saqarTvelo“ , Tavisuflebis biblioTekis




- 74 -

gamxdariyo kapitaluri aqtivi, formirebuliyo Tavisufali kerZo bazari am

aqtivebisa da Tavisufali faswarmoqmnis procesi Seuferxeblad

daZruliyo. Sesabamisad sustia kerZo sakuTrebis dacvis Sesabamisi

samarTlebrivi garantiebic, maT Soris konstituciis donezec ki

miuxedavad misi axali redaqciisa, romlis saboloo redaqtirebac dRemde

ar dasrulebula.

kerZo sakuTreba sabazro ekonomikis mimdevari qveynebisTvis

sasicocxlod mniSvnelovania. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT ucxoeli

gamoCenili mkvlevarebis naazrevis garda, rigi qarTveli mkvlevarebic

gamoTqvamen mosazrebebs.

g. jandieri aRniSnavs: `pirvel rigSi kerZo sakuTreba sabazro

ekonomikis safuZvelia. kidev ufro swori iqneba, rom iTqvas: sakuTreba

ekonomikis safuZvelia. mis gareSe nebismieri ekonomikuri urTierToba

mizans kargavs – aba risTvisaa saWiro sameurneo garigeba, Tu ara kerZo

interesebis dakmayofilebis mizniT sakuTrebiTi uflebebis gacvla-

gadacema? am safuZvelze martivia imis axsnac, Tu ratom ar gaamarTla

utopiurma saerTo-saxalxo sakuTrebam yofil socialistur banakSi” 76.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvlevam aqamde aqsiomurad gaazrebul

kerZo sakuTvrebis formirebis praqtikul kvlevamde migviyvana. imisaTvis,

rom realur ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze visaubroT, unda gvqondes

dominirebadi kerZo sakuTreba, radgan kerZo sakuTrebis dominirebis

principzea agebuli Tavisufali ekonomika, gansakuTrebiT ki sabazro

ekonomika, Tundac socialurad orientirebuli.

gamomdinare iqidan, rom saxelmwifo qonebas araefeqtianad

gankargavs, ase vTqvaT is sustia ekonomikuri efeqtianobis da menejmentis

TvalsazrisiT, ekonomikur brunvas akldeba mis xelT arsebul aqtivTa

simZlavre, rac sabolood sazogadoebriv keTildReobas akldeba.

aRniSnuls mravali mkvlevari adasturebs sxvadasxva qveynis magaliTze.

moviyvanT q. salemis kolejis asistent-profesori g. j. riCardsoni

kvlevidan magaliTs Tu `rogor gamoiwvia sakuTrebis uflebebis dakargvam





- 75 -

zimbabves kolafsi~. aRniSnuli naSromi axlos dgas Cveni kvlevis

sakiTxTan, vinaidan miwaze sakuTrebas exmianeba.

g. j. riCardsoni wers, rom yvela, vinc dRisiT gadaufrenda

zimbabves, miwis nakveTebs Soris udides gansxvavebas dainaxavda da

SesaZloa ukeT gaigebda kidec miwis reformisadmi qveynis grZelvadian

damokidebulebas. qveynis zogierT raionSi kargad irigirebuli uzarmazari

teritoriebi komerciul fermebs eWiraT, romlebic aTasobiT akrze

awarmoebdnen Tambaqos, bambas an sxva sasaqonlo kulturebs. sxva

regionebSi patara uRimRamo koleqtiuri fermebi kompaqturad iyvnen

ganlagebulni da wylis naklebobisgan masiurad itanjebodnen 77.

garkveuli periodi amas miwis nayofierebas da Sesabamis gruntis

xarisxs abralebdnen, Tumca, aseTi viTareba iyo zimbabves mTel

teritoriaze miuxedavad kerZo da koleqtiuri fermebisa, geografiuli

adgilmdebareobisa.

,,koleqtiuri miwebis raRac nawili SedarebiT ufro mSral

regionebSi iyo ganlagebuli, umetesoba ki komerciul fermebs

esazRvreboda an wvimian regionebSi mdebareobda. aseve arsebobda

komerciuli fermebi, romlebic zimbabves Zalian mSral regionebSi

mdebareobda. magram TiTqmis yvela SemTxvevaSi koleqtiuri teritoriebi

iyo mSrali da gadamwvari, xolo komerciuli miwebi _ morwyuli da

gamwvanebuli”78.

moyvanili magaliTebi sruliad sakmarisia imisTvis, rom TvalnaTliv

davinaxoT koleqtiur (saxelmwifo) da kerZo sakuTrebis sxvaoba

ekonomikuri efeqtianobis TvalsazrisiT.

marTlac saxelmwifo (saerTo, koleqtiuri, sajaro) sakuTrebis

obieqtebi yovelTvis cud mdgomareobaSia, xolo kerZo pirebi (kerZo

mesakuTreebi) axerxeben analogiuri aqtivebis ukeTesad movla-patronobas

da ufro efeqtianad gamoiyeneben, Sesabamisad, maRalia sazogadoebrivi

77 riCardsoni g. j., -“rogor gamoiwvia sakuTrebis uflebebis dakargvam zimbabves

kolafsi”, Tavisuflebis biblioTeka. krebuli V. `reformebi da Tavisufleba”,

Tb., 2007. gv. 151. 78 riCardsoni g. j., -“rogor gamoiwvia sakuTrebis uflebebis dakargvam zimbabves

kolafsi”, Tavisuflebis biblioTeka. krebuli V. `reformebi da Tavisufleba”,

Tb., 2007.gv. 151.

- 76 -

keTildReobac. es sakiTxi saqarTveloSic da yvela sxva danarCen

qveynebSic mwvaved dgas. marTlac gamodis, rom ,,sakuTrebis is forma,

romelic adamians sakuTar qonebaze sruli kontrolis saSualebas ar

aZlevs, dovlaTis gamravlebas xels veranairad ver Seuwyobs”79.

amaSi dasarwmuneblad kacobriobis Tanamedrove safexurze,

sulac araa saWiro zimbabves magaliTidan gamomdinare saqarTvelosac

gadaufrinoT da davinaxoT gansxaveba kerZo sakuTrebaSi arasebul miwis

nakveTebsa da dRemde saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwis nakveTebs

Soris. sruliad sakmarisia `google-s~ monacemebSi SesvliT saqarTvelos

teritoriaDdaaTvaliero da naTlad dainaxo aramarto sxavaoba, aramed is

radikaluri gansxvaveba nakveTebs Soris, rac pirdapir sazogadoebriv

keTildReobaze uaryofiTad aisaxeba.

aq ar SevxvdebiT cudad da ukeTesad movlil fermebs, samagierod

arsebobs damuSavebuli kerZo saojaxo meurneobebis nakveTebi da

buCqnarad da jagnarad qceuli saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi myofi miwis

nakveTebi, saidanac pirdapir miRebuli sazogdoebrivi keTildReoba ,,0”-s

utoldeba.

swored am magaliTis safuZvelze, Sedga Cemi, rogorc doqtorantis,

27 Tviani erT-erTi praqtikuli kvleva, romelzec III Tavis dasawyiSi

mokled visaubreT. praqtikuli kvlevis safuZvelze vadgenT, saqarTveloSi

miwis Rirebulebas 1 kv. m-ze, kerZo da saxelmwifo sakuTrebis urTierT

damokidebulebas da sxva tendenciebs, romlebic zegavlenas axdenen

TiToeuli personis da mTlianad sazogadoebis ekonomikur

Tavisuflebaze.

kvleviTi dakvirvebis Sedegad saqarTvelos realobaSi ikveTeba

miwis (aqtivebis) sami bazari:

1) ,,saxelmwifo bazari~ (pirveladi);

2) ìZulebiTi bazari~ (aRmasruleblis mier CamorTmeuli qonebis);

3) ,,kerZo bazari~ (kerZo mesakuTre fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis

qonebis anu meoradi bazari) .





- 77 -

swored am bazrebis (aramarto miwis) arseboba da

urTierTdamokidebuleba gansazRvravs kerZo sakuTrebis rogorc,

ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis uzrunvelmyofi mTavari faqtoris formirebis

sakiTxs da mis Semdgomi Tavisufali gamoyeneba-gankargvis sakiTxsac,

agreTve sakuTrebis Tavisufali damkvidrebis SesaZleblobebsac, rasac

Tavis mxriv mivyavarT ekonomikur Tavisuflebamde da mis xarisxamde.

kvlevis periodad aRebulia `pirveladi bazrisTvis~ 2010 wlis 15

noembridan 2012 wlis 15 noembramde saxelmwifos sakuTrebaSi myofi

aqtivebis (miwis) saprivatizacio auqcionebi. `kerZo~ da ìZulebiT bazris~

auqcionebi 2011 wlis 1 ianvridan 2012 wlis 15 noembramde. mocemuli

periodis ganmavlobaSi ganxorcielebul iqna praqtikuli kvleva. `samagido

kvleva~ aqtivebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebis procesis da amavdroulad

kerZo sakuTrebis Tavisufali gankargvis, misi Tavisufali sabazro

likvidurobisa da RirebulebiT sakiTxebze.

rogorc sakuTrebas daqvemdebarebuli aqtivi kvlevisTvis

SerCeuliqna sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi, romelic saukeTesod asaxavs kerZo

sakuTrebis formirebis process, kerZo sakuTrebis Tavisufali

gankargvisas warmoqmnil dadebiT Tu uaryofiT faqtorebs. garda amisa

miwis aqtivze Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis sxva ekonomikur aqtivebze

ganzogadoeba, yvelaze kargad asaxavs Tavisuflebis da kerZo sakuTrebis

urTierT damokidebulebas, da maTze uaryofiTad moqmed faqtorebsac

mkveTrad gamoavlens.

kvlevis periodSi eleqtronuli auqcionebis meSveobiT (romelic

,,saqarTvelos finansaTa saministros momsaxurebis saagento”-s mier

eleqtronulad imarTeba) Seswavlili da gaanalizebuli iqna saxelmwifo

miwis privatizebis 1631 auqcionis Sedegi, 382 ìZulebiTi bazris” auqcionis

da kerZo mesakuTreTa 73 `meoradi bazris” garigebebi 80 . maT Soris 87

auqcionSi piradad iqna monawileoba miRebuli, arsebuli sakuTrebis

formirebis procesis ukeT gacnobisa da konkurenciis faqtoris

gansazRvrisaTvis.

mocemulma kvlevam saSualeba mogvca gangvesazRvra: sxvadasxva

80 `saqarTvelos finansaTa saministros momsaxurebis saagento”-s eleqtronuli auqcionebi www.eauction.ge-is.

http://www.eauction.ge-is/

- 78 -

ekonomikuri Tu araekonomikuri faqtorebis zegavlena miwis (aqtivebis)

kerZo sakuTrebad formirebasa da mis RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi;

gayiduli miwis raodenoba da miRebuli Tanxebis Tanafardoba; miwis

auqcionebis raodenoba da miwis 1 kv.m-s Rirebulebis

urTierTdamokidebuleba.

kvlevis periodSi auqcionebiT privatizebuli iqna 19 346 heqtari

sasoflo-sameurneo miwa, jamurma saprivatizacio Tanxam Seadgina 21,498

mln. lari 81 . am monacemebidan gamomdinare saSualod miwis 1 kv.m-is

Rirebulebam 0.11 lari Seadgina.

aRsrulebis mier sasoflo-sameurneo miwebze Catarda 382 iZulebiT

auqcioni, iZulebis wesiT gaiyida 2 818 heqtari sasoflo sameurneo miwa,

sarealizacio Tanxam Seadgina jamurad 5 125 aTasi lari. saSualod 1 kv.m-s

Rirebulebam 0.18 lari Seadgina.

garada mocemulisa sainteresoa miwis Rirebuleba kvlevis periodSi

Tveebis mixedviT (ix. cxrili 3.2.1. à~).

cxrilSi mocemuli monacemebis Sesabamisad SegviZlia gavecnoT

diagramas 3.2.1 82 sadac mkveTrad ar Cans miwis 1 kv.m-s fasis zdrdis an

klebis tendencia, magram droiTi periodebis Sesabamisad Seswavlili miwis

kerZo sakuTRebad formirebis procesi garkveul kiTxvebze pasuxobs.

Sesabamisad privatizebuli miwis raodenobis mixedviT Tavisufal

bazarze moTxovna-miwodebis urTierTdamokidebulebis ekonomikuri

kanonzomierebebi ar ikveTeba, maT Soris moTxovna-miwodebis sezonurobac

miuxedavad imisa, rom sasoflo-sameurneo miwa da misi fasi pirdapir

dakavSirebulia sasoflo-sameurneo warmoebis ciklTan. aRniSnuli

metyvelebs miwis pirveladi bazris araelastikurobasa da konkurenciis

dabal maxasiaTeblebze, aqtivebis naklebad Tavisufal bazarze.

kerZo sakuTrebis formireba mimdinareobs arakonkurentul garemoSi,

rasac sasoflo-sameurneo miwaze Semdgomi TvalsaCinoebebis meSveobiT

81 `saqarTvelos finansaTa saministros momsaxurebis saagento”-s eleqtronuli auqcionebi www.eauction.ge-is.

82 `saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros privatizebis

departamenti~, http://privatization.ge-s oficialur eleqtronul monacemebis

mixedviT


http://privatization.ge-s/

- 79 -

vaCvenebT.

83 `saqarTvelos finansaTa saministros momsaxurebis saagento”-s www.eauction.ge-is da `saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros privatizebis


mixedviT.

saxelmwifo miwis privatizebis da aRsrulebis auqcionebi 2010 – 2012 ww-Si 83

droiTi periodi farTobi kv.m-Si

Tanxa larebSi

1 km.m-s fasi

uqcionebis raodenoba

P,,pirveladi bazari” 2010.12.01– 2012.11. 15 193 46 1086 21 497 923 0.111 1631

,,iZulebiTi bazari” 2011.01.01 -2012.11.30 28 18 6462 5 125 391 0.181 382

2010-2012 ww-s saprivatizacio auqcionebi droiTi periodebis mixedviT

2010w dekemberi 2011w Tebervali 2467853 154532 0.063 22

2011 w marti-aprili 9267571 968118 0.104 155

2011 w maisi-ivnisi 8784419 1132961 0.129 107

2011 w ivlisi- agvisto 13074091 1811313 0.138 282 2011 w seqtember- oqtomberi 19135237 2030400 0.107 230 2011 w noember -dekemberi 17009076 2181854 0.128 283 2012 w ianvar-Tebervali 17774089 2040140 0.115 330

2012 w marti 7590727 981296 0.129 146

2012 w april-maisi - - - -

2012 w ivlisi- ivlisi 4330275 393218 0.09 51 2012 w agvisto-noemberi 1097244 183089 0.168 21

cxrili 3.2.1 à~



- 80 -

diagrama 3.2.2-ze 84 mocemulia 1 kv.m miwis Rirebulebis damokidebuleba

mis miwodebasTan (aTas heqtrebSi). diagramidan naTlad Cans, rom pirvelad

bazarze Rirebulebas da sarealizacio fass gansazRvravs ara moTxovna,

aramed miwodeba. Sesabamisad, diagrama 3.2.2 gvaCvenebs aqtivis Warb

miwodebas, ris gamoc fasi araelastiuri da xistia sakvlevi periodis

manZilze.



mixedviT.

0.06

0.10

0.13 0.14

0.110.13

0.120.13

0

0,09

0.17

auqcionebiT gayiduli saxelmwifo miwebis fasi Tveebis mixedviT 1 kv.m-ze larebSi 2010-2012 ww-Si

(privatization.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT)


- 81 -

,,pirvelad bazarze” miuxedavad miwis cvalebadi maRali miwodebisa,

fasi mis mimarT sustad reagirebs, rac sabazro kanonzomierebebs ar

pasuxobs. miRebuli saprivatizacio saxsrebisa da miwis odenoba kv.m-Si

gamosaxuli diagramaze 3.2.3-s85.

bazris gajerebis Tvalsazrisisa da miwodebis siWarbis dasadgenad

aseve mniSvnelovania Catarebuli auqcionebis raodenobis damokidebuleba

miwis 1 kv.m.-s fasTan. konkurentuli bazris SemTxvevaSi Catarebuli

auqcionebis raodenoba ukuproporciulad unda moqmedebdes fasze. Tumca,

kvlevam gviCvena, rom aseTi mkveTri kanonzomieri damokidebuleba ar



mixedviT.

0.06 0.10 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.130

0,09 0.170.25

0.93 0.88

1.31

1.91 1.701.78

0.76

0

0.430.11

auqcionebiT gayiduli saxelmwifo miwis 1k.m. fasi da raodenobis (1000 h-Si) Tanafardoba

2010-2012 ww-Si(privatization.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT)

1kv.m.-s fasi miwis saerT farTobi 1000 ha-Si


- 82 -

ikveTeba. Sesabamisad auqcionebis raodenoba ,,pirvelad bazarze” ver axdens

zegavlenas 1 kv.m-is Rirebulebaze. aRniSnuli monacemebis

urTierTdamokidebuleba TvalsaCinod mocemulia diagramaze 3.2.4. 86

Sesabamisad, am monacemebis mixedviTac vaskvniT, rom pirveladi bazari

naklebad Tavisufali da arakonkurentunariania, is saxelmwifos mxridan

monopoliur xasiaTs atarebs.

sakvlev periodSi gamovlinda saprivatizacio auqcionebiT

garigebebis wyveta `pirvelad bazarze”. 2012 wlis 26 martidan 31 maisamde

ar ganxorcielebula miwis saprivatizacio auqcionebi, rac faqtiurad



mixedviT.

2467853

92675718784419

13074091

19135237

1700907617774089

7590727

0

4330275

1097244154532

9681181132961

18113132030400

2181854

2040140 9812960 393218

183089

auqcionebT gayiduli saxelmwifo miwis raodenoba da miRebuli Tanxebis Tanafardoba (Tveebis mixedviT)

2010-2012 ww-Si


farTobi kv.m fasi larebSi


- 83 -

niSnavs, rom 65 dRis ganmavlobaSi SeCerebuli iyo ,,pirveladi bazari~.

swored es periodia mniSvnelovani ,,iZulebiTi” da ,,meoradi” bazrebis

funqcionirebis arsis axsnisTvis. es mcire periodi aisaxa Tavis mxriv

`kerZo~ da ìZulebiTi bazris~ gaaqtiurebasa da maTi konkurentunarianobis

amaRlebis TvalsazrisiT.

,,iZulebiT bazris” monacemebi moyvanilia cxrilSi 3.2.1. `b~, sadac

Cans, rom pirveladi bazris SeCerebis gamo 1 kv.m. sasoflo-sameurneo miwis

fasma mniSvnelovnad moimata, agreTve misca stimuli konkurenciis zrdas

auqcionSi monawileTa aqtiurobis saxiT (gaizarda bijebis raodenoba).

`pirveladi bazris~ fasebis tendenciasTan ìZulebiTi bazris~

fasebis Sesadareblad vaCvenoT diagrama 3.2.1. à~ da SevadaroT zemoT

mocemul diagramis 3.2.1 maCveneblebs (Sedarebidan Cans ori bazris uku

0.06 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.130

0,09 0.170,22

1,55

1,07

2,82

2,3

2,83

3,3

1,46

0

0,51 0,21

2010-2012 ww saxlmwifo miwis auqcionebs raodenoba da 1kv.m-s Rirebulebis urTierT damokidebuleba


1 km.m-s fasi raoden 100 auqcionis mixedviT

- 84 -

urTierT zemoqmedeba).

iZulebiTi auqcionebi Tveebis mixedviT 2011-2012 ww-Si 87

# drois periodi

miwis saerT farTob kv.m-Si

jamuri fasi

1.kv.m. fasi larSi

auqc raodenoba

bijebis saerTo jami

1 2011w Tebervali 2601005 145395 0.056 7 55

2 2011 w marti-aprili 1075567 59216 0.055 16 706

3 2011 w maisi-ivnisi 471754 93800 0.198 17 376

4 2011 w ivlisi- agvisto 1414385 203726 0.14 24 1143

5 2011 w seqtemb-oqtomberi 151299 18126 0.11 15 197

6 2011 w noember -dekemberi 1541696 165105 0.11 22 942

7 2012 w ianvar-Tebervali 7842537 619550 0.079 42 521

8 2012 w marti 2661763 126383 0.047 21 113

9 2012 w april-maisi 222630 117573 0.528 35 2963

10 2012 w ivnisi- ivlisi 3937298 498495 0.12 55 1029

11 2012 w agvisto-seqtemberi 1265159 132436 0.105 36 678

12 2012 w oqtomber-noemberi 4146162 1128646 0.272 23 1111

cxrili 3.2.1 `b~

diagramebidan naTlad Cans, rom saxelmwifo miwis (sasoflo-

sameurneo) privatizebis auqcionebis SeCerebam, anu Warbi miwodebis

gaqrobam myisieri stimuli misca aweuliyo 1 kv.m. miwis fasi 0.53 laramde

sabazro konkurenciis gziT. ekonomikurad aseT mcire periodSi, im fonzec

ki roca garantirebulad saxelmwifo miwebis miwodebis molodini kvlav

arsebobda, sasoflo-sameurneo miwis fasma mainc aiwia. winaswar cnobili

iyo, rom saxelmwifo miwebis privatizeba kvlav gagrZeldeboda rac

87 wyaro: `saqarTvelos finansaTa saministros momsaxurebis saagento”-s

www.eauction.ge-s monacemebi.

http://www.eauction.ge-s/

- 85 -

Semdgom marTlac ase moxda. diagramidan 3.2.1. à~ Cans, rom 1 kv. m. fasi

iZulebiT bazarze isev daeca.

rasakvirvelia, fasis zrdaze iZulebiTi bazris miwodeba reagirebas

ver moaxdenda, ramdenadac is raodenobrivad SezRuduli bazaria da

damokidebulia aRmasrulebelTan arsebul SemTxvevebze (CamorTmeuli

miwebi). sxva periodebTan SedarebiT auqcionebis raodenobrivad mkveTri

sxvaoba ar gvaqvs, amis dasturad moviyvanT diagramas 3.2.2 à~.

gamodis, rom maRalma konkurenciam ganapiroba 1 kv.m. miwaze maRali

Rirebuleba. es marTalac asea, rac dasturdeba sakvlev periodSi

Catarebuli aRsrulebis auqcionebis raodenobis da maTze jamuri bijebis

grafikulad Sedarebisas (diagrama 3.2.3. à~). monacemTa TvalsaCino

SesatyvisobisTvis bijebis raodenoba mogvyavs yoveli 10 bijis mixedviT.

zustad analogiuri viTarebaa mocemuli `meorad bazarzec~ drois

Sesabamisi periodisTvis, sadac miwis fasma myisierad aiwia da iZulebiTi

bazrisgan gnsxvavebiT mas miwodebis reagirebac moyva, vinaidan swored

meoradi bazaria namdvili bazari da sabazro principebiTa da meqanizmebiT

0.06 0.06

0.190,14 0,11 0,11 0.08 0.05

0.53

0,12 0.11

0.27

iZulebiTi auqcionebiT gayiduli miwebis fasi Tveebis mixedviT 1 kv.m-ze 2010-2012 ww-Si

(www.eauction.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT)1.kv.m. fasi

- 86 -

moqmedebs.

0.06 0.06

0.2

0,14 0,11 0,11 0.08 0.05

0.53

0,12 0.10

0.27

0,07

0,16

0.18

0,240,15

0,22

0,42

0,21 0,35

0,55

0,36

0,23

aRsruleblis auqcionebis raodenoba da 1kv.m miwis Rirebulebis urTierT damokidebuleba 2011-2012 ww-Si

(www.eauction.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT)

1.kv.m. fasi raoden 100 auqcionis mixedviT

- 87 -

yovelive xsenebuls ukve mecnierul kanonzomierebaSi gadayvaniT

amave Tavis boloSi daubrundebiT da grafikulad vaCvenebT aqtivebis

bazarze arsebul viTarebas.

Semdgari auqcionebis Sedegebis gaanalizebiT nakveTebis

farTobebis sididis mixedviT dajgufebis Sedegad gamovlinda agreTve

gasayidi aqtivis sididis (nakveTis farTobis) da fasis

urTierTdamokidebuleba.

nakveTebis sididis mixedviT gamoiyo monacemta 10 jgufi, Sesabamis.

kvlevis Sedegebis diferencirebuli dajgufebiT miRebuli monacemebi

mocemula cxrilebSi 3.2.2 da 3.2.3

2010-2012 wwPprivatizebuli nakveTebis sididis mixedviT 1 kv. m-s Rirebuleba da gayidvebis odenoba88


www.eauction.ge-is monacemebze dayrdnobiT

7 16 17 24 15 22 42 21 3555

36 235,5

70,637,6

114,3

19,7

94,252,1

11,3

296,3

102,9

67,8

111,1

aRsruleblis auqcionebis raodenoba da auqcionebze bijebis jamuri raodenoba 2011-2012 ww-Si


auqcionebis raodenoba bijebis raodnoba 10 bijis mixedviT


- 88 -

N nakveTebi sididis

kv.mSi

jamuri

raodenoba

kv.m-Si

Tanxa

larebSi

auqcionebis

raodenoba

1kv. me

fasi

larebSi

1 0 -dan 5 000-mde 668809 308341 230 0.46

2 5000 dan 10000-mde 1601468 263182 212 0.164

3 10000-dan 20000-mde 4166205 812811 280 0.195

4 20001-dan 40000-mde 9807265 1279177 328 0.13

5 40001-dan 80000-mde 16261186 2029869 287 0.125

6 80001-dan 160000-mde 19485933 2547647 176 0.13

7 160001-dan 500000-mde 19701972 2195564 73 0.11

8 500001-dan 1000000-mde 11672133 1180142 17 0.1

9 100 0001-dan 500 0000-mde 17165611 1131588 12 0.066

10 500 0000 da meti 92930504 9749602 3 0.105

cxrili 3.2.2

2010-2012 wwP iZulebiTi auqcionebi, nakveTebis sididis mixedviT 1 kv. m-s Rirebuleba da gayidvebis odenoba89

N nakveTebi sididis kv.mSi

jamuri raodenoba kv.m-Si

Tanxa larebSi

auqcionebis raodenoba

1kv. me fasi larebSi

1 0 -dan 5 000 419556 1049472 211 2.25

2 5000 dan 10000-mde 282936 199463 39 0.71

3 10000-dan 20000-mde 87349 14864 7 0.17

4 20001-dan 40000-mde 229025 40720 9 0.18

5 40001-dan 80000-mde 922608 88845 15 0.10

6 80001-dan 160000-mde 1136607 83245 10 0.07

7 160001-dan 500000-mde 8000186 587214 24 0.07

8 500001-dan 1000000-mde 6139902 563386 10 0.10

9 100 0001-dan 500 0000-mde 10098000 1178360 6 0.12

10 500 0000 da meti -- -- -- --




- 89 -

cxrili 3.2.2

SeviswavleT ra miwis 1 kv.m-s Rirebuleba nakveTebis sididis

mixedviT aRmoCnda, rom miwis nakveTis sidide (lotis sidide) zemoqmedebs

mis fasze. amasTan, is pirvelad bazarze konkurenciis ganmsazRvreli

faqtoria, rac, Tavis mxriv, miwis Rirebulebaze aisaxeba. mocemul

cxrilze dayrdnobiT Sesabamisi TvalsaCino monacemebi gvaqvs diagramaSi

3.2.5. monacemebi gviCvenebs, rom nakveTis sididesTan 1 kv.m. miwis Rirebuleba

cvalebad mimarTebaSia. rig SemTxvevebSi rac metia gasayidi aqtivis (miwis)

farTobi, miT naklebia 1 kv.m. Rirebuleba. Tumca, arsebobs gadaxrebic.

Rirebulebis klebadi tendencia fiqsirdeba diagramaze 3.2.5.

gadaxrebi gamowveulia Sesabamisi sididis miwis nakveTebze maRali

moTxovniT da am nakveTebis auqcionebSi monawileTa simravliT, rac iwvevs

konkurencias SeZenis msurvelebs Soris da sabolood aisaxeba 1kv.m-is

Rirebulebis zrdaSi.

agreTve unda aRvniSnoT, rom auqcionis wesiT privatizebis procesSi

gamokveTilia msxvilmaStabiani (500 ha-ze zemoT) `gadaxrebi”, romlebic

- 90 -



0,46

0,160.19

0,13 0.13 0,13 0,11 0,10.07

0.11

Pprivatizebuli nakveTebis sididis mixedviT 1kv.m-is Rirebuleba 2010-2012 ww-Si


1 kv.m-is fasi larebSi

gadaxrebi 500 0000 kv.m -dan zemoT (sul 3 auqcioni)90

SeniSvna farTobi kv. m-ebSi

gadaxdili Tanxa r/n

auqcionis Ddro

gadaxra 51794128 5084469 sagarejos soflebi 16.12.2011 17:00

gadaxra 35497274 2635050 dedofliswyaro 15-04-2011

gadaxra 5639102 2030083 dedofliswyaro 1/7/2011 cxrili 3.2.4


- 91 -

konkurenciis gareSe ganxorcielda. Cveni kvlevis SemTxvevaSi gamovlinda 3

aseTi mniSvnelovani `gadaxara~ (ix. cxrili 3.2.4). kvlevis raodenobrivi

maxasiaTeblebi rogorc gadaxrebis CaTvliT aseve maT gareSec mogvyavs

garigebaTa tendenciisa da ekonomikuri kanonzomierebis ukeTesad

dasadgenad.

sabazro TvalsazrisiT mniSvnelovani es 3 gadaxraa, sadac TiTo

auqcioniT ganxorcielda 500 heqtarze meti miwis farTobebis privatizacia,

ramac kvlevis manZilze privatizebuli miwebis 48%-i Seadgina (ix.

diagramebi 3.2.7 à~ da 3.2.7 `b~). am SemTxvevaSi marTalia, myidveli kerZo

seqtori iyo, magram SeZenas axorcielebdnen iuridiuli pirebi. ar yofila

SeZenis msurvelebs Soris konkurencia, Sesabamisad, es garigebebi miviCnieT

gadaxrebad. gadaxra aseve mkveTardaa gamokveTili miRebuli Tanxebis

TanafardobaSic, sadac 3 auqcionidan miRebulma Tanxam mTliani Tanxis

45% Seadgina (ix. diagrama 3.2.7 `g~).

2,5

0.71

0,17 0.18 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.120,46

0.160.19 0,13 0.12 0,13 0,11 0.10 0.07

0.10

pirvelad da iZulebiT bazarze gayiduli nekveTebi dajgufebuli sididis mixedviT da 1 kv.m-s Rirebulebis

Tanafardoba(privatization.ge-s da www.eauction.ge-ს monacemebze dayrdnobiT)

iZulebiTi bazari pirvelad bazari

- 92 -

(wyaro: privatization.ge-s oficialur monacemebze dayrdnobiT)

1% 1%

4%6%

10%

12%

10%

6%5%

45%

2010-2012 wwPprivatizebidan miRebuli Tanxebis %-uli Sefardeb dajgufebuli farTobebis mixedviT kv.m-Si


0 -dan 5 000-mde

5000 dan 10000-mde

10000-dan 20000-mde

20001-dan 40000-mde

40001-dan 80000-mde

80001-dan 160000-mde

160001-dan 500000-mde

500001-dan 1000000-mde

100 0001-dan 500 0000-mde

500 0000 da zemoT (gadaxara)

0% 1%2%

5%

9%

10%

10%

6%9%

48%

2010-2012 wwPprivatizebuli nakveTTebis %-uli Sefardeba farTobebis sididis mixedviT

(kv.m-Si). 0 -dan 5 000-mde

5000 dan 10000-mde

10000-dan 20000-mde

20001-dan 40000-mde

40001-dan 80000-mde

80001-dan 160000-mde

160001-dan 500000-mde

500001-dan 1000000-mde

100 0001-dan 500 0000-mde

500 0000 da meti

52%

48%

2010-2012 ww Pprivatizebuli nakveTTebTan gadaxrebis (3

auqcionis) Tanafardoba sxva danarCenTan

sxva danarCeni500 0000 h. da meti

- 93 -

kvlevaSi cal-calkea naCvenebi auqcionebiT gayiduli miwis

raodenoba, miwis Rirebuleba raionebis mixedviT gansxvavebulia

`gadaxrebiT~ da gadaxrebis gareSe, Sesabamisad sxvaobaa raodenobrivadac

privatizebul miwis farTobebsa da saerTo TanxebSi. gadaxrebis

SemTxvevebis Cvenebisas sxvaoba raionebis mixedviT Zalzed didia, rogorc

miwis raodenobriv aseve privatizebis Sedegad Semosuli Tanxebis

odenobebSi (ix. diagrama 3.2.8 à~ da 3.2.8 `b~).

diagramze 3.2.8 à~ naCvenebia, rom sagarejosa da dedofliswyaros

raionebSi erTjeradi msxvili privatizaciis Sedegad (`gadaxrebi”)

privatizebuli miwa da Semosuli Tanxa sakmaod uswrebs sxva raionebs.

diagramaze 3.2.8 `b~ ki naCvenebia mocemuli `gadaxrebis~ gareSe

privatizebuli miwisa da miRebuli Tanxebis Tanafardobebi raionebis

mixedviT. maT Soris sxvaoba arsebiTad TavalsaCinoa pirvel SemTxvevaSi.

Tu sagarejo gamoirCeoda yvelaze maRali maCveneblebiT, meore SemTxvevaSi

bolnisis raioni liderobs. aRniSnuli diagramebidan Cans Tu ramdenad

konkurireben raionebi erTmaneTTan da romel raionSia miwis aqtivi ufro

metad likviduri.

analogiuri maCvenebeli mkveTrad gansxvavebulia ,,iZulebiT bazarze”

romlis monacemebic mocemulia 3.2.9 diagramis saxiT.

sakvlev periodSi iZulebiT bazarze raionebis naklebi raodenobaa,

mocemul bazarze yvela raioni ar dafiqsirebula, ris gamoc zusti

Sedareba pirvelad bazarTan raionebis mixedviT naklebadaa SesaZlebeli

(ix. diagrama 3.2.9). Tumca qveynis maStabiT Sedarebisas es kvlevis Sedegbze

naklebad aisaxeba da gvaZlevs ìZulebiTi~ da `pirveladi bazris~

Sedarebis saSualebas.

kvlevam gviCvena, rom mxolod raionebis mixedviT Catarebuli

auqcionebis raodenoba zegavlenas ver axdens miwis 1 kv. m-s Rirebulebaze

am maxasiaTebelSi auqcionTa raodenobis da miwis Rirebulebis

urTierdamokidebulebis tendencia ar ikveTeba, rac ukve naxsenebi miwis

bazarze Warbi miwodebiT da moTxovnis araelastikurobiTaa

ganpirobebuli. aRniSnuli cifrobrivi maCveneblebi mocemulia digramebze

3.2.10 à~ da 3.2.10 `b~.

- 94 -

abaSaadigeni

ambrolaaspinZa

axalcixeaxalqal…

axmetabaRdaTibolnisicageri

Coxatau…Cxorowyu

dmanisiduSeTi

dedofl…gardabani

gorigurjaani

kaspilagode…

lanCxuTimarneulimartvili

mcxeTaninowmin…

oni

qarelisaCxere

sagarejosamtred…

senakisiRnaRi Telavi

Terjola

TianeTityibuli

vaniwalenji…waslka WiaTurawyatyubo

xobixoni

yazbegi yvarliszestafo…zugdidi

2,60,20,8

3,51,0

0,50,6

0,39,3

0,20,10,3

2,70,8

45,94,5

3,35,5

1,52,0

2,81,92,02,5

0,30,4

1,42,5

0,7 54,3

1,81,3

2,41,21,2

4,70,40,10,6

3,15,5

0,92,0

2,90,10,2

3,51,9

4,9

0,20,00,10,10,10,10,10,0

1,60,00,00,00,10,1

5,20,60,40,7

0,10,30,20,6

0,20,5

0,00,20,20,30,0

5,40,20,10,10,5

0,10,7

0,10,00,10,20,5

0,00,30,20,00,10,40,20,7

auqcionebT privatizebuli miwis raodenoba da Tanxebis Tanafardoba (raionebis mixedviT gadaxrebiT)

2010-2012 ww_Si wyaro: (privatization.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT)

Tanxa mln. larebSi farTobi mln. kv.m

- 95 -

abaSaadigeni

ambrolaaspinZa

axalcixeaxalqalaqi


CoxatauriCxorowyu

dmanisiduSeTi

dedofliswyar…gardabani

gorigurjaani

kaspilagodexilanCxuTimarneulimartvili

mcxeTaninowminda

oniozurgeTi

qarelisaCxere

sagarejosamtredia

senakisiRnaRi Telavi

TerjolaTeriwyaro

TianeTityibuli

vaniwalenjixa

waslka WiaTurawyatyubo

xobixoni

yazbegi yvarlis

zestafonizugdidi

2,60,2

0,83,5

1,00,50,6

0,39,3

0,20,1

0,32,7

0,84,8

4,53,3

5,51,5

2,02,8

1,92,0

2,50,30,4

1,42,5

0,72,51

1,81,3

2,41,21,2

4,70,40,1

0,63,1

5,50,9

2,02,9

0,10,2

3,51,9

4,9

0,20,00,10,10,10,10,10,0

1,60,00,00,00,1

0,10,50,6

0,40,7

0,10,3

0,20,6

0,20,5

0,00,20,20,3

0,00,30,2

0,10,1

0,50,1

0,70,10,00,1

0,20,5

0,00,30,2

0,00,1

0,40,2

0,7

auqcionebT privatizebuli miwis raodenobis da Tanxebis Tanafardoba (raionebis mixedviT ) 2010-2012 ww-Si

wyaro: (privatization.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT)

Tanxa mln. larebSi farTobi 100 heqtari

- 96 -

abaSa

aspinZa


Coxatauri

duSeTidedofliswyaro

gardabanigori

gurjaanikaspi

lagodexilanCxuTimarneulimartvili

mcxeTa

ozurgeTi qareli

sagarejo

siRnaRi Telavi

Terjola

TianeTityibuli

vani

WiaTurawyatyubo

xobi

yazbegi yvarli

zestafoni

TuSeTilentexixaSuri

0,31

0,5

2,870,12

67,95

1,27

4,53138,87

19,980,84

110,91459,56

6,991,98

58,49

27,96

0,432,4

1,4

1407,6

293,427

1,8

111,5

0,335,7

0,7

0,22,43,2

6,50,59,3

aRsrulebis auqcionebT miwis raodenoba da Tanxebis Tanafardoba (raionebis mixedviT ) 2010-2012 wlebSi


Tanxa aTasi lari farTobi ha-Si

- 97 -

abaSa

adigeni

ambrola

aspinZa

axalcixe

axalqalaqi

axmeta

baRdaTi

bolnisi

cageri

Coxatauri

Cxorowyu

dmanisi

duSeTi

dedofliswyaro

gardabani

gori

gurjaani

kaspi

lagodexi

lanCxuTi

marneuli

martvili

mcxeTa

ninowminda

oni

ozurgeTi

qareli

saCxere

sagarejo

samtredia

senaki

siRnaRi

Telavi

Terjola

Teriwyaro

TianeTi

tyibuli

vani

walenjixa

waslka

WiaTura

wyatyubo

xobi

xoni

yazbegi

yvarlis

zestafoni

zugdidi

0,10,0

0,10,0

0,10,10,1

0,10,2

0,10,00,10,1

0,10,10,10,10,1

0,10,2

0,10,3

0,10,2

0,20,6

0,20,1

0,10,10,1

0,10,1

0,40,1

0,10,1

0,00,1

0,10,1

0,00,1

0,10,1

0,20,10,1

0,1

0,330,150,120,14

0,220,140,3

0,142,09

0,060,050,090,090,09

0,26

0,190,76

0,440,25

0,450,37

0,550,35

0,110,1

0,080,290,31

0,430,25

0,510,13

0,20,260,28

0,730,09

0,060,130,28

0,530,48

0,870,38

0,040,08

0,350,49

1,16

პრივატიზების auqcionebის raodenobა da fasi 1 kv.m-ze Tanafardoba (raionebis mixedviT) 2010-2012 ww-Si

(privatization.ge-s monacemebze dayrdnobiT) raoden 100 auqcionis mixedvit fasi 1 kv.m-ze

- 98 -

abaSa

aspinZa

axmeta

baRdaTi

bolnisi

cageri

Coxatauri

duSeTi

dedofliswya…

gardabani

gori

gurjaani

kaspi

lagodexi

lanCxuTi

marneuli

martvili

mcxeTa

ozurgeTi

qareli

sagarejo

siRnaRi

Telavi

Terjola

TianeTi

tyibuli

vani

WiaTura

wyatyubo

xobi

yazbegi

yvarli

zestafoni

TuSeTi

lentexi

xaSuri

0,05

0,22

0,150,63

0,06

0,43

1,110.02

1.020,66

0.060.09

0,190,130,15

4,13

1,040,44

0,58

0.13

0.030,14

0,15

0.08

0,110.05

0,22

1,530,270,05

0,240,090,18

0,01

0,02

0,050,01

0,03

0,04

0,130,04

0,320,07

0,180,26

0,060,070,12

0,41

0,050,05

0,06

0,180,21

0,03

0,05

0,15

0,030,060,03

0,010,04

0,02

0,010,01

0,14

aRsrulebis auqcionebs raodenobis da 1 kv.m-ze fasis Tanafardoba (raionebis mixedviT) 2011-2012 ww-Si


raodenoba 100 auqcionis mixedviT 1 km.m-s fasi

- 99 -

,,iZulebiT bazarze” metwilad iseTi nakveTebi xvdeba, romelTa

likvidurobac maRalia. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia gansakuTrebuli molodinis

(xelsayreli mdebareoba, turistuli zona, savaWro perspeqtiva da a.S)

raionebi, sadac 1 kv. m. miwis fasi TiTqmis 100–jer aRemateba sxva raionebis

miwis Rirebulebis saSualo maCvenebels (ix. diagrama 3.2.11). (Sesabamisad

monacemTa damuSavebisas (garda saerTo raodenobrivis), mocemuli

maRallikviduri raionebis monacemebi saerTo ekonomikuri kanonzomierebis

dasadgenad ar gamoviyeneT).

sainteresoa agreTve aqtivis (miwis) likvidurobis damokidebuleba

konkurenciasTan mimarTebaSi. aRniSnulis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoikveTa

aqtivis SeZenis msurvelTa 3 kategoria: 1. aqtivi msurvelTa moTxovnis

gareSe (e.i. konkurenciis gareSe klebadi fasiT); 2. aqtivebi msurvelTa

konkurenciis gareSe (auqcionSi monawileobs 1 myidveli); 3. aqtivi

msurvelTa konkurenciiT (auqcionSi monawileoba ori an meti myidveli).

3.4 4.2

13.4

6.3

11.3

2.5

17.6

4.1

aRsrulebis auqcionebi, 1 kv.m. miwis fasi (larSi) gansakuTrebul zonebSi


1km.m.-s fasi

- 100 -

auqcionSi monawileobis miRebis msurvelTa raodenobaze

(konkurenciaze) moqmedebs rogorc aqtivis sawyisi fasis sidide (rig

SemTxvevaSi gasayidi obieqtis sididezea damokidebuli), aseve aqtivze

winaswar Sesatani sagarantio (,,b”-s) Tanxis odenoba.

amrigad, kerZo sakuTrebis Fformirebis procesSi aqtivis (miwis)

fasi privatizebisas ganisazRvreba nakveTis farTobiT (sididiT) da

sagarantio ,,b”-s odenobiT, es ukanaskneli swored sawyis fasTan aris

kavSirSi % -li maCvenebliT.

kvlevam gvaCvena, rom bolo ori wlis manZilze sabazro meqanizmebiT

kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadavida 19 346 heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo miwa, xolo

privatizebiT miRebuli Tanxa Seadgens 21,49 mln. lars, im fonze, rodesac

mxolod srul gankerZoebas daqvemdebarebuli sasoflo sameurneo miwis

fondi (saxnavi, mravalwliani nargavebi, saTibi) 1209 aTasi heqtaria aqedan

sakmaod didi nawili jer kidev saxelmwifos sakuTrebas warmoadgens

(saZovari 1 796 aTasi heqtari metwilad gansakerZoebeli), 91 miwasTan

SedarebiT ufro uaresi mdgomareobaa mTlianad ekonomikuri aqtivebis

sakuTrebis kuTxiT. uamravi aqtivi jer kidev saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSia,

romelic aucileblad unda gasxvisdes. arsebuli tempiT miwaze minimum 20

wli kidev ver ganxorcieldeba sakuTrebis sruli formireba. kerZo

sakuTrebis srulad ar qona ki niSnavs imas, rom arasrulad gamoiyeneba

ekonomikuri simZlavreebi; saqmianobisTvis arasakmarisi ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebaa da ekonomikuri zrdis potencialic arasruladaa

gamoyenebuli. 92

arian mecnier-mkvlevarebi, romlebic postsabWoTa sivrceSi kerZo

sakuTrebis formirebis sakiTxs Teoriulad aanalizebdnen, Tumca

realobis praqtikuli kvleva ufro sainteresoa arsebul mosazrebebsa da

91 oqrocvariZe z., disertacia `sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis gamoyenebis

efeqtianobis amaRlebis gzebi sameurneo meqanizmis srulyofis pirobebSi”,

`saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universisteti~, Tb., 2006. gv. 11.

92 SeniSvna: garda auqcionis wesiT saxelmwifo aqtivebis gankerZoebisa,

privatizeba xorcieldeba pirdapiri miyidvis wesiTac, romlis monacemebic araa

moyvanili. vinaidan amgvari meTodiT SeZenili aqtivebi sabazro garigebis

Tavisufali bazris principebs ar akmayofilebs. aRniSnuli gziT formirebuli

kerZo sakuTreba pirveladi bazris pirobebSi ar monawileobs sabazro brunvaSi

da Sesabamisad Cveni kvlevebis interesis miRmaa.

- 101 -

TeoriebTan mimarTebaSi. aRniSnul sakiTxTan dakavSirebiT jer kidev

gasuli saukunis dasasruls Cveni Tanamemamule, praqtikosi ekonomisti i.

CxaiZe kerZo sakuTrebis formirebasTan dakavSirebiT aRniSnavs –

,,saxelmwifo imdenad dabal fasad yidis Tavis sakuTrebaSi darCenil

saprivatizacio qonebas, rom Seqmnili foni safuZvels aclis meorad

bazarze, ukve kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebis yidava-gayidvis

SesaZleblobasac ki.”93

Tu ekonomikis ganviTarebis Tavisufali sabazro varianti varCieT,

ar SeiZleba warmatebis miRweva fasiani qaraldebisa da miwis bazris

gareSe, anu kerZo sakuTrebis Tavisufali floba gankargvis

gareSe. 94 dRevandel realobaSi ki `gadaxdisunariani moTxovnis nawilSi

raime gaugonari gadaxra ar gvaqvs. gvrCeba erTaderTi daskvna, - miwodebis

nawilSi vuSvebT raRac, miutevebel did Secdomas, normidan raRac

gaugonar da arnaxul gadaxras, radgan faqtia, normalurTan SedarebiT

aTasjer cotaa Cveni sasoflo miwebis fasi, nulia Sesabamisi indeqsi.

sabazro ekonomikis enaze es Sesabamisi dargis gardauvali gacamtverebis

momaswavebeli, yvelaze utyuari winmswrebi indikatoria”.95

marTlac ratomaa CvenTan aqtivebis (miwa) bazari ase ganuviTarebeli,

da ratom Rirs ase iafi (1 kv. m. 10-11 TeTri) Tundac miwa?

aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT vTvliT, rom Cveni qveynis realobaSi

arsebobs gaorebuli bazari, ori gansxvavebuli fasiT, moTxovna miwodebiT.

pirveli fasi, romlis qvemoTac vaWrobaze uars ambobs TviT saxelmwifo,

meore fasi, romlis qvemoTac kerZo subieqti uars ambobs saqonliT

vaWrobaze da ris gamoc saqoneli (momsaxurebac) iqceva arasavaWro

saqonlad. es kanonzomiereba vrceldeba yvela ekonomikur aqtivze maT

Soris miwazec.

93 CxaiZe i., `rogor gavmdidrdeT anu Cveni gza ekonomikur keTildReobisaken~,

Tb., 1999. gv. 25. 94 CxaiZe i., `rogor gavmdidrdeT anu Cveni gza ekonomikur keTildReobisaken~,

Tb., 1999. gv. 25. 95 CxaiZe i., ,,gvaklia kapitalizacia”



- 102 -

yovelive zemoT Tqmuli ganvixiloT grafikuli analizis

saSualebiT96 (ix. grafiki 3.2.1).

mocemuli grafikis horizontalur RerZze mocemulia aqtivebis

(Cvens SemTxvevaSi sasoflo-sameurneo miwebis) raodenoba, xolo

vertikalurze fasi. Pmin-m aris fasi, romlis qvemoTac kerZo subieqtebi

uars amboben miwis (aqtivis) gayidvaze, xolo Pmin-g aris fasi, romlis

qvemoTac mocemuli daniSnulebis miwebis gayidvaze uars ambobs

saxelmwifo. vTvliT, rom Pmin-g < Pmin-m, radgan kerZo piri qonebas ufro

maRal fasad afasebs, vidre saxelmwifo (da amas adasturebs Cveni

praqtikuli kvleva), aseve kerZo subieqti orientirebulia mogebaze,

gansxvavebiT saxelmwifosgan, romelic Tundac minimalur fasSi Pmin-g

qonebis gayidvaze uars ar ambobs. Tumca imasac avRniSnavT, rom arsebobs

raRaca minimumi, romlis qvemoTac TviTon saxelmwifoc ar yidis Tavis

96 gardava m., gerliani r., CalafeiqriSvili v., ,,aqtivebis bazris ganviTarebis

grafikuli analizi miwis bazris magaliTze” http://www.facebook.com/epec.ge?ref=hl

http://www.facebook.com/epec.ge?ref=hl

- 103 -

qonebas. grafikze es fasi aris Pmin-g.97

rogorc viciT mTavrobebma postsabWoTa sivrceSi gasayidad

komunisturi reJimis daSlis Semdeg gamoitana uzarmazari raodenobis

(qoneba, aqtivebi) miwa. am miwodebam fasi dabla dawia da saboloo

angariSiT daiyvana im minimumamde, ris qvemoTac miwas (aqtivebs) TviT

mTavroba ar yidis Pmin-g. rogorc ki erToblivi moTxovnis zrdis Sedegad

fasi gaizrdeba, maSinve pirvelad bazarze Warbi miwodeba fass isev dabla

wevs, rac zegavlenas axens iZulebiT da meoradi bazris fasebze (rac aseve

iZulebiTi bazris magaliTze kvlevam dagvanaxa). es procesi permanentul

xasiaTs atarebs da Sesabamisad grZelvadiani periodis erToblivi

miwodebis mrudi emTxveva Pmin-g -s.98

AD1 mrudiT mocemulia aqtivebze (sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis

miwebze) erToblivi moTxovna, Pmin-g aris erToblivi miwodebis mrudi.

grafikze Tavidan wonasworoba naCvenebia 1 wertilSi. am wertilSi

,,pirvelad bazarze~ da ìZulebiT bazarze~ (aqtivebis) miwebis gamyidveli

aris saxelmwifo, xolo kerZo anu ,,meoradi bazari” (Pmin-g dan Pmin-m -mde)

faqtiurad gamoTiSulia procesidan (mcire raodenobiT sasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebis miwebs kerZo subieqtebic yidian, magram imdenad umniSvneloa

misi gavlena da masStabebi, rom grafikis aRqmisTvis misi asaxva ar aris

sasurveli agreTve es garigebebi xorcieldeba Pmin-m-zemoT). Tu

wonasworoba yalibdeba Tavidan 1 wertilSi, sadac miwis miwodeba da

moTxovna erTmaneTis tolia, maSin bazarze saxelmwifos mier gasayidad

privatizebisTvis gamotanili aqtivebis (sasoflo-sameurneo miwis) mier

Seqmnili Warbi miwodeba QS1 - QD2 aris, grafikze naCvenebia erToblivi

moTxovnis zrdis Sedegebi AD mrudis gadaadgilebiT.

AD mrudis yovel Semdgom gadaadgilebas marjvniv moyveba bazarze

Warbi miwodeba, rac fass inarCunebs mudmiv Pmin-g doneze. es procesi


grafikuli analizi- miwis bazris magaliTze” http://www.facebook.com/epec.ge?ref=hl


grafikuli analizi- miwis bazris magaliTze” http://www.facebook.com/epec.ge?ref=hl



- 104 -

grZeldeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwebis srul amowurvamde,

anu Qg-max-mde.

erToblivi miwodebis mrudi saxelmwifo qonebis amowurvis bolo

segmentSi iqneba aRmavali, anu vTvliT, rom saxelmwifoc Tavis bolo

aqtivebs minimalur fasze maRal fasSi gayidis. amis Semdeg ukve Pmin-m -

mde garigeba ar dgeba miwis yidva-gayidvaze vinaidan pirveladi bazari

Tavisi maStaburobiT ar arsebobs. Sesabamisad nebismieri moTxovna miwaze

(aqtivebze) fass pirdapir awevs Pmin-m-is zeviT, meoradi bazris Tavisufal

PF 2 wonasworul axal wertilSi, aqtivebze fasis myisier zrdas Pmin-m-dan

PF-mde vuwodeT ,,likvidurobis Tavisufali naxtomi”.

amis Semdeg ukve garigebebi bazarze ganxorcielba Cveulebrivi

miwodeba-moTxovnis kanonidan gamomdinare. moTxovnis yoveli zrda ukve

zrdis fass an piriqiT. mas Semdeg, rac aqtivis (miwis) fasi gadaaWarbebs

Tavisufali likvidurobisTvis aucilebel kritikul zRvars im resursis

mosazidad, rac saWiroa aqtivis TviTinvestirebisTvis da saqmianobis

ganviTarebisaTvis, ekonomika (soflis meurneoba) xdeba Tavisuflad

TviTganviTarebadi.

saxelmwifo qonebis amowurvamde pirveladi bazris

funqcionirebisas Qg-max miiswrafis 0-saken, saxelmwifo qonebis (miwis,

aqtivebis) amowurvis Semdeg Qg-max xdeba nulovani (TiTqmis nulis toli),

xolo Tavisufal ,,meorad bazarze” miwodebis da moTxovnis aTvla iwyeba 0

wertilidan.

kerZo sakuTrebis da misi `meoradi bazris~ Tavisufali ganviTarebis

aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens aqtivis realuri fasi (arsebulTan

SedarebiT ufro maRalia). dRes saqarTveloSi 1 kv.m sasoflo-sameurneo

daniSnulebis miwis fasi saSualod ar aRemateba 10-11 TeTrs, maSin rodesac

igive farTobis miwa evropis qveynebSi 20-30 evro Rirs.

saqarTveloSi aqtivis (miwis) Rirebulebis vardna ganapiroba

privatizebis procesma, rac ukve kvleviT monacemebSi vnaxeT. rodesac

bazarze gasayidad gamovida didi raodenobiT (aqtivebi) miwa, masze dabali

moTxovnisa da maRali miwodebis procesma fasebi TiTqmis nulovan donemde

dawia.

- 105 -

mocemuli dabali fasis pirobebSi miwa (aqtivi) ver izidavs

kapitals, romelic saWiroa kvlavwarmoebis procesisaTvis. miwa ver aris

sesxis garanti, rac xdeba Sesabamisi saqmianobisas bankebis gamoTiSvis

mizezi.

kerZo sakuTrebis realurad formirebisaTvis da miwebis (aqtivebis)

fasis zrdisaTvis aucilebelia bazarze privatizebis procesis Sedegad

gaCenili Warbi miwodebis gaqroba, ris Semdegac miwaze moTxovnis zrda

gazrdis maT fass. albaT yvelaze aragonivruli nabiji iqneboda am

procesis SeCereba, amitomac aucilebelia privatizebis procesis swrafi

dasruleba.

imisaTvis, rom saojaxo meurneobebs qondeT normaluri Semosavali

da Rirseulad cxovrebis done, erT saojaxo meurneobas unda gaaCndes 3-

dan 5-mde heqtari miwis farTobi. Mmiwaze aseTi kerZo sakuTrebis pirobebSi

SesaZlebelia, saojaxo meurneobas hqondes aqtiuri SromiTi saqmianobis

motivacia. dRes ki soflad erT komls sakarmidamo nakveTis garda gaaCnia

saSualod 0,5 heqtari sasoflo-sameurneo damiSnulebis miwis farTobi, rac

arasakmarisia soflad zrdadi keTildReobis momtani saqmianobisTvis.

U ubralo dakvirvebac cxadyofs, rom soflad macxovrebelTa

ekonomikuri keTildReoba mTavari aqtivis miwis simciris gamo maRali ver

iqneba da amaSi mniSvnelovani roli miwaze arasrulfasovan kerZo

sakuTrebas miuZRvis. saWiro umokles vadaSi saxelmwifo miwebis

privatizacia miwis mosaxleobaze usasyidlo gadacemis gziT.99

privatizebis (miwebis fulze gayidvis) procesis damatebiT uaryofiT

Sedegs warmoadgens bazridan Tavisufali finansuri saxsrebis amoReba, rac

aseve azaralebs soflis meurneobas.

Tuki privatizebis procesi gagrZeldeba saxelmwifo sasoflo-

sameurneo savargulebis fulze gayidvis gziT, es mniSvnelovanad

azaralebs saojaxo meurneobebs, uaryofiTad imoqmedebs bazris

Tavisuflebasa da mosaxleobis keTildReobaze, radgan Tanxa agraruli

seqtoridan gadainacvlebs sxva sferoSi Tundac saxelmwifo biujetidan

gadanawilebis gziT.

99 CxaiZe i., ,,gvaklia kapitalizacia”.



- 106 -

am sferoSi arsebuli Tanxa unda moxmareboda sasoflo-sameurneo

produqciis Seqmnas, magram saxelmwifo biujetSi gadanacvlebis gamo igi

`ganiwoveba” sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. amgvarad, fuladi SesyidviT

privatizebuli miwa isev da isev dabal likvidurTan erTad daumuSavebeli

darCeba da keTildReobis zrdis maCveneblebze mniSvnelovnad ver

moqmedebs.

privatizebis dasrulebis, anu saxelmwifo miwebis (aqtivebis) kerZo

sakuTrebaSi gadasvlis uswrafes gzad migvaCnia saxelmwifo miwebis

usasyidlod gadacema saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisaTvis 100 . radgan mZime

socialuri fonidan gamomdinare mosaxleobis dabali msyidvelobiTi unari

droSi aWianurebs privatizebis gziT kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis

process. dRevandeli tempiT saxelmwifo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli miwebis

kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadasvlas daaxloebiT 15-20 weli daWirdeba. am drois

ganmavlobaSi miwis fasis zrda realur niSnulamde ver moxdeba da

Sesabamisad ver ganviTardeba soflis meurneobac.

saxelmwifo miwebis moqalaqeebisaTvis usasyidlod darigebis

SemTxvevaSi miwebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi gadasvla damTavrdeba 4-6 TveSi. es

procesi saxelmwifos anu `pirvelad bazars~ gamoTiSavs bazridan, gaaqrobs

Warb miwodebas da srulad aamuSavebs `meorad bazars”. meoradi bazris

monawileebi, rogorc viciT, arian srulfasovani kerZo mesakuTreebi. amis

Semdeg nebismieri moTxovna miwaze ukve xorcieldeba realuri sabazro

meqanizmebiT, izrdeba miwis fasi realur niSnulamde da Sesabamisad

sazogadoebrivi keTildReobac moimatebs. (sul raRac 2-3 weliwadSi 1 kv.m

sasoflo sameurneo daniSnulebis miwa Tavisuflad moizidavs minimum 1

lars, anu soflis meurneobas aqvs potenciali daaxloebiT moizidos 10

miliardi laris investicia).101

fasis aseT zrdis potencials adasturebs Tundac erTi Zalian

martivi Sedareba. miwis fasi evropaSi saqarTveloSi Sesabamis maCvenebels

minimum 550-jer aRemateba, xolo fasebi iseT produqtebze, romelic am

miwebze iwarmoeba saSualod erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba maqsimum 5-10–jer.


http://www.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=223606184338603 101 CxaiZe i., ,,gvaklia kapitalizacia”.




- 107 -

rogorc wesi, saqonlis fasi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi miiltvis

gamoTanabrebisken. 102 imis miuxedavad, rom miwa aratransportirebadi

resursia, misi fasic gamoTanabrebisken miiswrafis. amitom miwaze moTxovna

maRali iqneba Tu moispoba Warbi miwodeba bazarze, es aucileblad

gazrdis miwis (aqtivebis) fass, romelic araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar SeiZleba

Rirdes Tundac evropul miwaze 550-jer naklebi (gansakuTrebiT samomavlo

mosalodneli msoflio sursaTis krizisis fonze).

swored zemoT CamoTvlili mizezebis gamo, Tundac saqarTveloSi

miwis fasi 20-jer, rom Camouvardebodes evropaSi miwis fass, maSin dargi

ukve TviTganviTarebadi iqneba da moizidavs rogorc ukve avRniSneT

daaxloebiT 10 miliardi laris investicias.

saintereso iqneba albaT visaubroT ras kargavs saxelmwifo dRes da

ra saerTo sargebeli iqneba kerZo sakuTrebis droulad formirebiT,

romlis gareSec zedmetia visaubroT ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze.

bolo ori wlis manZilze, rogorc kvlevam gviCvena, Semosavalma

sasoflo-sameurneo miwis privatizebis auqcionebidan daxloebiT 21,626 mln.

lari Sedgina, Sesabamisad nakveTebis registraciis reestris momsaxurebam

daaxloebiT (1700 X 55) 0.093 mln. lari, jamSi saxelmwifom miiRo

daaxloebiT 21.72 mln. lari.

gamodis, rom saxelmwifom potenciuri investiciebi waarTva kerZo

seqtors (21.72 mln. + saprivatizacio aqtivis 10% `miwis momsaxurebis

saagentoze” gadasaxdeli Tanxa, romelsac ixdis myidveli, jamurad es

Tanxa Sedgens minimum 1.7 mln. lars), jamSi 23.42 mln. lari amoRebuli iqna

agraruli seqtoridan.

sinamdvileSi risi miReba SeeZlo da SeuZlia saxelmwifos?

sasoflo-sameurneo miwis fondi ra potencials iZleva saerTo

keTildReobis asamaRleblad?

rogorc wesi, kerZo sakuTrebas eqvemdebareba qoneba, xolo kerZo

sakuTrebaSi myofi qoneba eqvemdebareba dabegvars anu gadasaxadebs, ufro

konkretulad, kerZo mesakuTrem yovel heqtarze unda gadaixados

mosakrebeli, romelsac adgens mTavroba diferencirebulad raionebis




- 108 -

mixedviT.

am mimarTulebiT 2012 wels saqarTvelos mTavrobis #50

dadgenilebis Sesabamisad, Tu msjelobis simartivisTvis raionebis

mixedviT dawesebul gadasaxdebs gavasaSualoebT Semdegi suraTi gveqneba.103

1 heqtar miwaze wliuri gadasaxadi aris: a) saxnavze (maT Soris

mravalwlian nargavebze; sabaRe; sabostne) sakrmidamosaTvis -84 lari; b)

saaTibze -19 lari; g) saZovarze -12 lari (ix. cxrili 3.2.3).

sainteresoa kidev erTi garemoeba. dabegvras eqvemdebareba mxolod

2004 wlidan damkvidrebuli sakuTreba. gamodis, rom daaxloebiT 440 aTasi

heqtari saxnavi, 180 aTasi heqtari mravalwlovani nargavebi, 44 MaTasi

heqtari saTibi da 85 aTasi heqtari saZovari 104 aRar ibegreba. danarCenma

sasoflo sameurneo savargulebis mesakuTreebma gadasaxadi unda

gadauxados saxelmwifos.

magram sainteresoa saxelmwifo ixdis? dRemde Tavis sakuTrebaSi

datovebul miwebze. erTi mxriv, es ucnauri SekiTxva moicavs

samarTlianobis, Tavisuflebis da sastarto pirobebSi Tanaworobis

marcvals da es SekiTxvaa pasuxi ratomaa gansxvavebuli miwis Rirebuleba

saxelmwifo pirvelad bazarze da jer ar Semdgar meorad bazarze. (es

msjeloba vrceldeba kerZo sakuTrebas daqvemdebarebul sxav aqtivebzec).

kerZo sakuTrebis da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis aucileblobas Tavi

rom davaneboT, wminda finansuri TvalsazrisiT saxelmwifo ekonomikuri

danakargi garda Znelad gazomvadi keTildReobisa, aris konkretuli

finansuri saxsrebi. anu saxelmwifos xelSi daaxloebiT 350 aTasi heqtari

(saxnavi, mravlwliani nargavebi) à” kategoris 84 lariT dasabegri miwa,

kerZo sakuTrebaSi, rom yofiliyo jamurad (350X84X1000 = 29 400000) 29,4

milioni lari mosakrebels yovelwliurad miiRebda biujeti; `b”

kategoriiis 19 lariT dasabegri 93 aTasi heqtari jamurad 1.78 milions

(94X19X1000=1 786000) da `g” kategoriis 12 lariT dasbegridan daaxloebiT

103 SeniSvna: raionebis mixedviT mosakreblis gasaSualoeba zusti araa TiToeuli raionis miwis fondis sidididan gamomdinare, Tumca es logikuri msjelobis suraTs ar cvlis.

104 wyaro: oqrocvariZe z., disertacia `sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis

gamoyenebis efeqtianobis amaRlebis gzebi sameurneo meqanizmis srulyofis

pirobebSi”, `saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universisteti~, Tb., 2006.

gv.11

- 109 -

1,5 milioni heqtaridan (mTis SeRavaTiani Temebis, sasazRvro zolebis da

a.S gamoTiSviT) jamSi 18 milion lars (1500X12X1000=18 000000).105

amrigad, miwebis sakuTrebaSi srulad gacemis Sedegad saxelmwifo

miiRebs yovelwliurad miwis mosakreblis saxiT daaxloebiT 49 mln. lars.

saSemosavlo gadasaxadis saxiT `meorad bazarze~ yvela garigebidan 20%,

agreTve miwis rentiT miRebuli Semosavlebis 20%-s. es sakmaod solidur

saxsrebia miT umetes Tu pirveladi bazari gaeTiSeba process.

saxelmwifos Semoua iribi Semosavlebi yoveli nakveTis

gadaformebis an sakuTrebaSi damtkicebis Sedegad sajaro reestris

meSveobiT miRebuli mosakrebeli, romelic aseve soliduri Tanxa iqneba,

Tumca Znelad prognozirebadi.

zemoT moyvanili msjelobis Semdgom, rom aRaraferi vTqvaT kerZo

sakuTrebis damkvidrebis aucileblobasa da ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze,

105 saqarTvelos MmTavrobis dadgenileba #50, `sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebisa da

tyis miwebze qonebis gadasaxadis wliuri sabaziso ganakveTebis damtkicebis

Taobaze~, Tb., 2012. 106 wyaro: oqrocvariZe z., disertacia `sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis miwis

gamoyenebis efeqtianobis amaRlebis gzebi sameurneo meqanizmis srulyofis

pirobebSi”, `saqarTvelos saxelmwifo sasoflo-sameurneo universisteti~, Tb.,

2006. gv.11

sasoflo sameurneo miwis fondi aTas heqtarebSi da saSualo gadasaxadi kategoriebis mixedviT106

ццЦНФКццц

-цц

sul sasoflo miwa sakuTrebis mixloebiTi maCveneblebi

saxnavi mravalwl nargavebi

saTibi saZovari

sul sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi heqtebSi 100% (3026)

802 264 144 1797

gadasaxadis saSualo odenoba 1 h-ze lari - 84 84 19 12

cxrili 3.2.3

- 110 -

gaCerebuli aqtivebis sazogadoebriv keTildReobaSi CarTvaze, sxvadasaxva

irib ekonomikur efeqtze, mraval upiratesobaze. mxolod wminda fuladi

danakargi imdenad didia grZelvadian periodSi, rom saWiroa uswrafesi

tempiT kerZo sakuTrebis sruli formireba (an aqtivebze sabazro

principebiT samarTavad konkretuli mepatronis miCena Tundac arakerZo).

auqcionis wesiT sasoflo-sameurneo miwis privatizebis Sedegad ori wlis

(2011-2012 ww) manZilze saxelmwifom sul raRac 21.7 milioni lari miiRo

(anu wliurad daaxloebiT 11 milioni lari). naTelia Tu raoden did

upiratesobas iZleva kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis dasruleba da

saqmianobis Tavisufleba.

ekonomikur Tavisuflebas uzrunvelyofs kerZo sakuTreba da ara

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi (indeqsebi mxolod zomaven ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas, maT Semdgom TavSi vrclad ganixileba), maTTan mimarTebaSi

paradoqsaluri mdgomareoba aqvs qarTul ekonomikas. ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebiT dRiTi dRe vaumjobesebT reitings, rac

samwuxarod ekonomikur keTildReobaze da ekonomikur zrdaze Sesabamisad

ar aisaxeba, anu ver aisaxeba umTavres SedegSi, rac keTildReobis da

realurad ekonomikuri warmatebis utyuari indikatoria.

yovelivedan gamomdinare, am paradoqsis gasaRebi srulad

formirebul kerZo sakuTrebaSi, dominirebad kerZo sakuTrebaSi devs,

romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia sabazro ekonomikis kanonzomierebebis

morgeba Tu misadageba realuri ekonomikisTvis. am SemTxvevaSi saqme gvaqvs

sruliad sxvagvar ekonomikur warmonaqmnTan, romelic Tvisobrivad

gansxvavdeba aqamde arsebul yvela ekonomikuri sistemisgan da

gansakuTrebiT es sxvaoba saxelmwifo da kerZo sakuTrebas Soris

TanafardobaSi vlindeba.

amrigad, sakuTrebis Seswavlisa da misi TavisuflebasTan kavSirSi

ganxilvis Semdgom, momdevno TavSi globaluri masStabiT ganxiluli

iqneba ekonomikuri zrdis damokidebuleba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebTan, agreTve Tavisuflebis indeqsebSi kerZo sakuTrebis rolis

gansazRvris sakiTxebi.

migvaCnia, rom moqalaqeTa keTildReobas xels uwyobs kerZo

sakuTreba, xolo gardamaval qveynebSi misi droulad formireba zrdis

- 111 -

TiTeuli personis socialur-ekonomikur damoukideblobas, mTlianobaSi

amaRlebs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas.

sakuTrebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT sakuTrebis diversificireba misi

dacvis yvelaze efeqturi meqanizmia anu saxelmwifom unda izrunos

aqtivebis kerZo mesakuTreTa Soris gadanawilebaze.

saxelmwifo qonebis auqcionis wesiT (eleqtronuli auqcioni)

privatizaciis proceze dakvirvebisa da Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegad,

gamovlinda, rom saxelmwifo qonebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebis

efeqtianobis gazdis TvalsazrisiT sagarantio Tanxis dabrunebs droiTi

periodis minimumamde Semcirebaa saWiro. unda Semcirdes da mkacrad

ganisazRvros sagarantio Tanxis `b~ dabrunebis vadebi da daSvebuli iqnas

yvela sabanko dawesebulebisTvis, winamRdeg SemTxvevaSi izRudeba aqtiuri

subieqtebis (potenciuri myidvelebis) Tavisufali monawileoba

auqcionebSi.

A mokle vadaSi (3 samuSao dRe) sagarantios dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi

potenciuri myidvelebi Tanxas gamoiyenebs sxva auqcionSi monawileobis

uflebis mosapoveblad, rac pirdapir emsaxureba auqcionis princips `meti

monawile – meti konkurencia- maRali gasayidi fasi – pirveladi bazris

gaaqtiureba”;

sagarantio Tanxis dabrunebadobis Ddidi periodis da winaswar

ganusazRvreli vadis gamo potencialuri myidvelebi Tavs ikaveben an ver

axerxeben auqcionSi monawileobas rac zRudavs auqcionebSi monawileobis

Tavisuflebas da winamRdegonaSi modis auqcioniT vaWrobis principebTan.

rac Seexeba miwis privatizebis proces, auqcionSi gamarjvebuli

valdebulia aqtivis sawyisi Rirebulebis 10% Suamaval kompanias

gadauxados. roca sawyisi Tanxa dabalia magaliTad 300 lari, es savsebiT

misaRebia, magram Tu sawyisi Tanxa aRemateba 1000 lars es ukve sakmaod

zrdis myidvelis danaxarjebs. MmagaliTad Tu sawyisi Rirebuleba

warmoadgens 5000 lars, realurad damatebiT 500 lari auqcionSi

gamarjvebulma unda gadaixados. Tumca, gaurkvevelia ratom ixdis aseT

solidur Tanxas, maSin rodesac sawyisi fasiT 100 lariani aqtivi da 5000

lariani aqtivic erTnairi danaxarji ujdeba Suamaval kompanias.

aRniSnuli saSuamavlo zrdis myidvelis arapirdapir danaxarjebs

- 112 -

rac Semaferxebeli da ara aucilebeli xarjia saxelmwifo qonebis kerZo

sakuTrebad formirebis procesSi, aferxebs didi da maRali sawyisi fasis

mqone qonebis gankerZoebis process.

saWiroa dawesdes saSuamavlo gadasaxadis Weri, romlis Semdgomac

fiqsirebuli Tanxa iqneba myidvelis mier gadasaxdeli (vTqvaT 300 lari)

anu Tu sawyisi Rirebulebis 10% procenti aRemateba 300 lars, maSin

auqcionSi gamarjvebulma gadaixados fiqsirebuli Tanxa. sxava

SemTxvevaSi darCes 10%-iani saSuamavlo, an sawyisi Tanxis odenobis

Sesabamisad Mmoxdes saSuamavlo procentis diferencireba (mag. pirobiTad

3000 laramde 10%; 3000-dan 6000-mde 7%; 6000-dan 10000-mde 5%). gadasaxedia

sagarantio Tanxis gaangariSebis (dadgenis) principi.

sagarantio Tanxis sidide gansazRvravs auqcionSi monawileTa

raodenobas, konkurencias da monawileobis Tavisuflebas.

konkurentunarianobis amaRleba Tavis mxriv gvaZlevs Tavisufal sabazro

fass.

kvlevam aCvena, raom rac ufro dabalia sagarantio Tanxa sawyis

RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi, miT metia auqcionSi monawileTa raodenoba,

maSasadame, dabali sagarantio Tanxa zrdis monawileobis Tavisuflebas.

zemo aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, umjobesi iqneba sagarantio Tanxis

dadgena sawyis fasTan mimarTebaSi minimaluri procentuli maCvenebliT. es

aamaRlebs konkurentunarianobas, gazrdis auqcionSi monawile pirTa

raodenobas da xels Seuwyobs sakuTrebis Tavisufali formirebis process.

aqtivis (miwis) saprivatizacio auqcionze gamosatanad saWiroa

inicireba, rac dakavSirebulia finansur saxsrebTan (monacemTa bazaSi

moZieba, sakadastro azomva da registracia). aRniSnuls axorcielebs `miwis

mesakuTreTa uflebebis dacvis asociacia~. Tu aRniSnuli xarjebi da

agreTve saZiebo dro iqneba Semcirebuli, gaizrdeba iniciatorTa ricxvi

rac Tavis mxriv dadebiTad imoqmedebs kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis

procesze.

auqcionebis SemTxvevaSi aqtivis Tavdapirveli iniciatori

SesaZlebelia ver gaxdes misi mesakuTre, am SemTxvevaSi inicirebis

danaxarji iniciator pirs ar aunazRaurdeba srulad. saWiroa iniciatoris

piris pirdapiri danaxarjebis sruli anazRaureba, rac gazrdis inicirebis

- 113 -

SemTxvevebs da daaCqarebs kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis process.

kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis procesze dadebiTad imoqmedebs

saxelmwifo mxridan miwis nakveTebis da lotis sididis gansazRvra

optimalur maCveneblebSi. (Seswavlilma monacemebma gviCvena, rom

gasxvisebis efeqtianobis TvalsazrisiT optimalurad SeiZleba CaiTvalos

2-dan 4 –ha-mde miwis nakveTebi).

krZo sakuTrebis formirebis xelSewyobis TvalsazrisiT saWiroa

saxelmwifo politikis gaaqtiureba, magaliTad: eleqtronuli auqcionebSi

monawileobisTvis Zlieri internet-qelis formireba da qselSi

gaaqtiurebuli kompiuterze xelmisawdomoba (codnis garkveuli done). dRes

es qseli miuwvdomelia mTavari dainteresebuli monawilisTvis soflad

mcxovrebi mosaxleobisTvis. mocemuli problemebis gamo izRudeba

auqcionebSi monawileobis Tavisufleba. es problemebi saboloo jamSi

erToblivad qmnian `pirveladi bazris~ Semaferxebel faqtorebs da

zRudaven Tavisufali `kerZo bazris~ amoqmedebas, rac Tavis mxriv

uaryofiTad moqmedebs ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze.

aRniSnuli sakiTxi SesaZlebelia gadaiWras saxelmwifo Sesabamisi

xelSemwyobi politikiT, kerZod, saWiroa Sesabamisi raionuli centrebis

Seqmna, sadac moqalaqeebi Tavisuflad SeZleben mimdinare auqcionebSi

monawileobis miRebas, (mZlavri internet qseliT, sainformacio

uzrunvelyofiT da teqnikuri momsaxurebiT). es gazrdis kerZo sakuTrebis

damkvidrebaze xelmisawvdomobis Tavisuflebas.

- 114 -

Tavi IV. ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri zrda

4.1 ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis urTierTdamokidebuleba

wina TavSi gamovikvlieT ra ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da sakuTreba,

romlebic aRqmulia rogorc ekonomikuri keTildReobis zrdis

maCveneblebi, mocemul TavSi Cven SevexebiT ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis urTierTkavSirs.

albaT aravis ar unda ekonomikuri Tavisufleba mxolod

`TavisuflebisTvis”, vinaidan ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis arsi

keTildReobis zrdaSia, da Sesabamisad, mas unda mohqondes, ekonomikuri

zrdac.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebis urTierTkavSiris analiziT, SevecdebiT realuri suraTi

davsaxoT imisa, Tu ra zegavlenas axdens ekonomikur zrdaze qveynis

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi; SevafasebT am or maCveneblebs Soris

damokidebulebas da gavaanalizebT ucxour gamocdilebebs.

davadgenT aris Tu ara ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi

ekonomikuri zrdis winmswrebi indikatori; indeqsebis erTidaigive klevis

kriteriumebi identuri da marTebulia Tu ara yvela qveynisaTvis; ra

rols TamaSobs sakuTreba ekonomikuri TavisuflebaSi; ramdenad sworia,

rom yvela qveyanaSi gamoiyenebodes ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis

kvlevisas identuri meTodi, identuri kriteriumebiT.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da

ekonomikuri zrdis analizi, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis urTierTdamokidebulebis dadgena,

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis meTodologiisa da kriteriumebis

Sefaseba.

- 115 -

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da ekonomikuri zrdis

urTierdamokidebulebis TvalsazrisiT saintereso iqneba ekonomikuri

zrdis maCveneblebis cvalebadobis Seswavla qveynebis mixedviT da maTi

Sedareba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis cvlilebasTan periodebis

mixedviT. agreTve kvleviT miRebuli Sedegebis identurobis Tu

gansxvavebis mecnieruli axsna qveynebis Sesabamisi jgufebisTvis.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da ekonomikuri zrdis

urTierTdamokidebulebis Teoriuli axsniTa da praqtikuli kvleviT

ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis cvalebadoba SeviswavleT qveynebis

mixedviT. amasTan, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis cvlilebasTan

Sesabamisi maCveneblebis Sedareba warmovadgineT droiTi periodebis

mixedviT, Sedegebis identurobisa Tu gansaxvavebis mecnieruli axsniT

gakeTda daskvnebi.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis gasacnobad ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebis Sesaxeb monacemebi miRebulia 4 ZiriTadi kvleviTi

organizaciis da institutebis oficialur eleqtronul gverdebidan:

`freizeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi~

http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php (analogiur monacemebs eyrdnoba katonis

institutic http://www.cato.org/economic-freedom-world;); `Wall Street Journal & The

Heritage Foundation-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi~

http://www.heritage.org/index/download; msoflio bankis biznesis keTebis indeqsi

http://www.doingbusiness.org/) da `globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi~

(World Economic Forum) http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitiveness-report-2010-

2011-0.

masalebi, agreTve, moviZieT ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebze

msoflio bankis, msoflios savaluto fondis, saqarTvelos statistikis

erovnuli samsaxuris oficialur eleqtronul gverdebidan

http://web.worldbank.org; http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php; (http://geostat.ge).

kvleviT miRebuli Sedegebi arsebul midgomebTan mimarTebaSi

Semowmda SedarebiTi analizis meSveobiT.

ekonomikuri zrda, rogorc ekonomikuri aRmavlobisa da

keTildReobis umTavresi maCvenebeli, miuTiTebs imaze, Tu ekonomika

http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php

http://www.cato.org/economic-freedom-world

http://www.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.org%2Findex%2Fdownload&h=qAQGt2Jz2

http://www.doingbusiness.org/

http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitiveness-report-2010-2011-0


http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL

http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php

http://geostat.ge/

- 116 -

ramdenad progresulad viTardeba.

ekonomikur Tavvisuflebasa da ekonomikuri zrdis

urTierTdamokidebulebas arc Tu ise bevri mecnieri ikvlevs, maTgan

aRsaniSnavia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis erT-erTi avtori

profesori robert lousoni, romelic ikvlevs ekonomikuri Tavisuflebsa

da ekonomikur zrdas politikur da ekonomikur WrilSi. 107 (saerTaSoriso

finansebis da globaluri konkurentunarianobis centris direqtori

oburnis universitetSi aSS), agreTve a. ilarionovi (aSS, q. vaSinqtonis

katonis saxelobis institutis mecnier-TanamSromeli da moskovis

ekonomikuri analizis institutis damfuZnebeli). a. ilarionovma ganixila

pirdapiri kavSiri ekonomikur Tavisuflebasa da ekonomikur zrdas Soris

naSromSi èkonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba~. man

aRniSnuli sakiTxi ganixila 1998 wlamde periodisTvis arsebuli

ekonomikuri indeqsis èkonomikuri mxardaWeris msoflio asociacia”-is

monacemebze dayrdnobiT.

a. ilarionovma gagviziara ramodenime mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, rom

`principulad mniSvnelovania mdgradi statistikuri kavSiris arseboba ara

mxolod, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis da keTildReobis absolutur

maCveneblebs, aseve ekonomikuri zrdis tempebs Soris, aramed maTi nametis

maCveneblebs Sorisac~. 108 a. ilarionovis azriT, qveynebi, romlebic

ekonomikur Tavisuflebas zrdian, xasiaTdebian maRali ekonomikuri zrdis

tempebiT, xolo sadac mTavrobebi ekonomikur Tavisuflebas yvelaze Zalian

zRudavdnen, ekonomikuri zrdis tempi dabalia. is agreTve aRniSnavs, rom

ekonomikurad Tavisufali qveynebi garda ekonomikuri zrdisa, warmatebebs

aRweven sxva socialuri da adamianis ganviTarebis maCveneblebSic

(sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba, Cvil bavSvTa sikvdilianobis

Semcireba, ganaTleba, socialuri diferenciacia da sxva).109

gasuli saukunis bolosTvis msoflioSi ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis

indeqsis mniSvnelobis kvlevas awarmoebda ekonomikuri analizis

107 http://www.divisionoflabour.com/ 108 a. ilarionovi, ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis

biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 66. 109 a. ilarionovi, ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”,

Tavisuflebis biblioTeka. krebuli V. ,,reformebi da Tavisufleba”, Tb., 2008. gv. 66.

http://www.divisionoflabour.com/

- 117 -

instituti, es kvleva gansazRvruli iyo ZiriTadad mxolod 50 qveynisTvis,

monacemTa safuZvelze moaxdines ZiriTadi ekonomikuri kanonzomierebebis

formulirebac.

èkonomikurad Tavisufali qveynebi ufro swrafad viTardebian,

vidre qveynebi, sadac mTavroba zRudavs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da ereva

sameurneo cxovrebaSi. aucilebelia gavamaxviloT yuradReba imaze, rom

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis dabali maCveneblis dros SeuZlebelia

ekonomikuri zrdis maRali tempebis miRweva. imavdroulad, ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsis maRali maCveneblebi faqtobrivad gamoricxavs

ekonomikuri zrdis dabali tempebis albaTobas~.110

vfiqrob, rom aRniSnuli mosazrebis ganxilva dRevandeli

gadasaxedidan saintereso iqneba, radgan (XX saukunis bolomde) arc Tu

bevri organizacia axorcielebda ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis

kvlevas da amavdroulad Sesaswavli qveynebis raodenobac SezRuduli iyo.

sdReisod ZiriTadad ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvlevis

TvalsazrisiT gamoirCeva ramdenime autoritetuli kvleviTi centri Tu

instituti. indeqsebs da maTi Sefasebis kriteriumebs vrclad momdevno

qveTavSi ganvixilavT, agreTve maT monacemebze dayrdnobiT da ekonomikuri

zrdis maCveneblebis monacemTa SedarebiT SevecdebiT dajgufebuli

qveynebis mixedviT, regresiebis gamoyenebiT davadginoT, ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebis cvlilebis zegavlena ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebze rogorc msoflioSi, aseve calkeul qveynaSi.

ekonomikur TavisuflebasTan mimarTebaSi ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebis kvlevisas, yuradReba unda gamaxvildes, upirveles yovlisa,

imaze, rom am ori ekonomikuri fenomenis urTierTdamokidebuleba

sxvadasxvanairia gansxvavebuli ekonomikuri sistemisTvis.

aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT saqarTveloSi samuSao seminarze myofma

profesor lousonma ganacxada - `reformebis tempi saqarTveloSi ueWvod

swrafia, magram Tqven ver SeZlebT mcire droSi ekonomikis ganviTarebas

ise, rom dasavleT evropas gautoldeT, romelsac am ganviTarebisTvis 150

weli dasWirda. Tqven ki oci wlis win yvelaze represiuli reJimis nawili

110 a. ilarionovi, ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis


- 118 -

iyaviT. mcire droSi me vxedav Zalian did progress. cvlilebebi araa iseTi

swrafi, rogorc amas bevri isurvebda, magram vfiqrob, Tqven realisturad

unda SexedoT sakiTxs.”111

misi azriT, CvenisTana qveynebi iseT ZviradRirebul politikas

atareben, romlisTvisac mzad ar arian. Sesabamisad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom

ekonomikuri politika sxvadasxva qveynisTvis unda ganisazRvros imisda

mixedviT, Tu ganviTarebis ra donezea maTi ekonomika da ara pirdapir iqnas

gadmotanili maRalganviTarebuli qveynebis ekonomikuri politika

sxvadasxva ekonomikuri maCveneblebis gansazRvrasTan mimarTebaSi.

r. lousonis Tanamoazre n. kembelma empiriulad daamtkica,

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da uZravi qonebis fasebis

urTierTdamokidebuleba, mecnieris azriT meti ekonomikuri Tavisufleba

ufro maRal fasebs iwvevs uZrav qonebaze.112

kvlevebidan Cans, rom ekonomikuri Tavisufleba ekonomikuri zrdisa

da sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis amaRlebisTvis, erT-erT yvelaze

seriozul da aucilebel elementad iTvleba. ekonomikuri Tavisufleba

iZleva inovaciuri wvdomis saSualebas uamrav saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze

Tavisufali arCevanis gaRrmavebiT, xolo misi SezRudvis mcdelobebi

saerTo jamSi azaralebs sazogadoebas113.

Cvens SemTxvevaSi ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da ekonomikuri zrda

ganixileba `sabazro ekonomikis~ WrilSi, sadac mTavari principia

`Tavisufali bazari~ da `Tavisufali fasebi~. es ukanasknelni qmnian

konkurentul garemos da gvaZleven ekonomikuri TavisuflebisTvis

damaxasiaTebel mTavar elements, rasac Tavisufali arCevani hqvia.

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi, kargad cnobilia, rom arsebobs ori

saxis ekonomikuri zrda: ìntensiuri ekonomikuri zrda~ da èqstensiuri

ekonomikuri zrda~, ZiriTadad ama Tu im qveynis ekonomika am oridan erT-

erTi saxis zrdiT viTardeba.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba zemoT xsenebuli ori saxis ekonomikuri

111 http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/2042690.html 112 http://avtok.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_1427.html 113 http://developmentinstitute.org/member/shikwati_freedom/russian.ph

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/2042690.html

http://avtok.blogspot.com/2010/05/blog-post_1427.html

http://developmentinstitute.org/member/shikwati_freedom/russian.ph

- 119 -

zrdis SemTxvevaSi Zalian mniSvnelovan da farTo xasiaTs atarebs.

eqstensiuri zrdis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

maqsimaluri xelSewyoba im mimarTulebiT, rom ekonomikuri zrdis

eqstensiuri faqtorebi aTvisebuli qnas, raTa winapiroba Seiqmnas

intensiur ekonomikur zrdaze gadasasvlelad.

intensiuri zrdis SemTxvevaSi ki metwilad ekonomikurma

Tavisuflebam unda uzrunvelyos ekonomikuri aqtiurobisTvis

racionaluri alternativebis simravle, aseT pirobebSi sazogadoebas da

ekonomikur subieqtebs SeeZlebaT Tavisuflad marTon TavianTi

SesaZleblobebi (unar-Cvevebi) da sakuTreba, Tavisufalad dasaqmdnen,

awarmoon, moixmaron, daabandon da ivaWron, saxelmwifo xelSewyobiT da

ara saxelmwifos mxridan iZulebiT114.

amrigad, mocemuli sqmianobebis Tavisufleba dadebiT zegavlenas

axdens gansakuTrebiT iseT makroekonomikur maCveneblebze, rogorebicaa

mSp da mep, rogorc saerTo maCvenebliT, aseve 1 sul mosaxleze gaTvliT

rac mTvaria, zrdis saerTo sazogadoebriv keTildReobas.

ekonomikuri Tavaisufleba mTvari xelSemwyob faqtorad iTvleba

sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi ekonomikuri zrdisa da ekonomikuri zrdis

maCvenebleblebze (mSp da mep) dadebiT zegavlenis TvalsazrisiT.

aqcents Tu iseTi qveynebis ekonomikaze gavakeTebT, sadac sabazro

ekonomika jer kidev fexs idgams (mag. postsabWoTa sivrce da maT Soris

saqarTvelo) ufro TvalnaTliv gamoCndeba, rom ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebis cvlilebani mWidro kavSirSia sabazro ekonomikis mTavar

maxasiaTeblebTan: kerZo sakuTrebasTan, Tavisufal bazarTan, Tavisufal

fasebTan.115

am maxasiTebelTagan umTavresia sabazro sistemis CamoyalibebisTvis

kerZo sakuTreba, anu misi formirebis sakiTxi (simartive) da mTlianobaSi

kerZo sakuTrebis Dwili saxelmwifo sakuTrebasTan mimarTebaSi.

yofil postsabWoTa qveynebisTvis da konkretulad saqarTvelos

114 Kim A. B., Miller T., ,,Economic Freedom: Global and Regional patterns”.

http://www.heritage.org/index/book/chapter-1 115 a. ilarionovi, ,,ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da xalxTa keTildReoba”, Tavisuflebis


http://www.heritage.org/index/book/chapter-1

- 120 -

magaliTze kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidrebis sakiTxi aqtualuria, vinaidan

faqtobrivad kerZo da saxelmwifo qonebis mTlianobaSi proporciuli

urTierTdamokidebulebaze dazustebuli informacia ar arsebobs.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis kvelevis indeqsebis aprobirebuli

meTodebi da maCveneblebi srulad ver asaxaven srul realobas

gardamavali tipis qveynebisTvis da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis donis

Sesaxeb arasrul warmodgenas qmnian (zogjer gadaWarbebulad dadebiTs da

zogjer piriqiT). saboloo jamSi aRniSnuls ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da

ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebs Soris paradoqsul damokidebulebamde

mivyavarT. magaliTad, saqarTvelos aqvs ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebis Sesabamisad maRali maCvenebeli da amavdroulad 3-5%

ekonomikuri zrda. 3-5%-iani ekonomikuri zrda ZiriTadad eqstensiuri

zrdis faqtorebiTaa ganpirobebuli, aseTi zrdis tempi misaRebia mxolod

iseTi qveynebisTvis, romlebic intensiuri ekonomikuri zrdis pikze

imyofebian.

Cveni varaudiT, Tu qveyana jer kidev eqtensiuri ekonomikuri zrdis

faqtorebiT viTardeba, maRali ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis pirobebSi misi

ekonomikuri zrdis tempi ufro maRali unda iyos, kerZod orniSna cifrs

unda Seadgendes.

amrigad, saxelmwifo da kerZo sakuTrebas Soris sabazro

ekonomikisTvis damaxasiaTebeli proporciebis darRveva amcirebs (farulad

zRudavs) ekonomikur Tavisuflebas, sakuTrebis formireba-damkvidrebis

proces arCevanis SezRudvis mxriv da rig SemTxvevaSi ugulebelyofs

sabazro ekonomikis principebs, mesakuTreTa fenis ar arsebobis gamo.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dabal dones, rig SemTxvevebSi

astimulirebs saxelmwifo biurokratia, Tumca, umTavresi mizezi

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis daqveiTebisa aris araswori saxelmwifo

ekonomikuri politika.

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba izRudeba saxelmwifo sakuTrebis

dominirebis (didi wilis) gamo, kerZod Tavisufali bazris da Tavisufali

konkurentuli fasebis ar arsebobis gamo. konkretulad es exeba

ekonomikuri aqtivebis bazrebs, Sedegad potenciur SesaZleblobebTan

SedarebiT dabalia mSp da mep zrdis realuri tempi, agreTve, mcirdeba

- 121 -

erovnuli simdidre.

erovnul simdidres amcirebs grZelvadian periodSi ekonomikuri

aqtivebis moraluri da fizikuri cveTa, romlebic ver formirda

sakuTrebad (mravalwliani nargavebi, Senoba nagebobani, sawarmoo cikl

Sewyvetili wiaRiseulis karierebi, da a.S). aqtivebis meoradi bazris

sisuste, saxelmwifo sakuTrebis dabali fasi da kerZo sakuTrebis

formirebis gaWianureba gamomdinareobs sazogadoebrivi keTildreobis

dabali donis gamo dabali myidvelobiTi unarianobidan, anu sazogadoebas

ar aqvs saSualeba iaqtiuros `pirvelad bazarze~ da daimkvidros

sakuTreba.

kerZo sakuTrebis DdacvasTan erTad Zalze mniSvnelovania kerZo

sakuTrebis formirebis done qveyanaSi. saerTaSoriso organizaciebis mier

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis kvlevis Sesabamisi maCveneblebis

(indeqsebis) gaangariSebisas erT-erT mniSvnelovan komponentad, swored

kerZo sakuTrebaa miCneuli. aqedan gamomdinare, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebi ZiriTadad realur da sando informacias iZleva im ekonomikurad

maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi, sadac kerZo sakuTrebis formireba

dasrulebulia da Sesabamisad kerZo sakuTrebac maRal donezea daculi.

qveynebSi (regionebSi), sadac kerZo sakuTrebis formireba jer kidev

araa dasrulebuli da kerZo sakuTrebac naklebad ganviTarebulia,

ferxdeba aqtivebis Tavisufal ekonomikur brunvaSi Cabma, rac zegavlenas

axdens sxva ekonomikur maCveneblebzec. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis

kvlevisas komponentebis Sesaxeb informaciis arasrulyofilebidan

gamomdinare naklebad swori warmodgena iqmneba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

donis Sesaxeb da es ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis

arasrulyofilebaSic aisaxeba.

metwilad postsocialur sivrceSi da maT Soris saqarTveloSic

saxelmwifo sakuTrebasa da kerZo sakuTrebas Soris proporciuli

damokidebulebis Sesaxeb zusti informacia ar arsebobs, Sesabamisad ar

arsebobs informacia imis Sesaxeb Tu kerZo sakuTrebis formireba, romel

etapzea da rodis dasruldeba es procesi.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, sruliad safuZvliania ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebis arasrulyofilebaze saubari, radgan

- 122 -

arasrulyofilad formirebuli kerZo sakuTrebis pirobebSi Sesabamisi

maCveneblebi ver asaxaven arsebul realobas ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebis cifrobriv maCveneblebSi gamosaxatavad, vinaidan ekonomikuri

suraTi mxolod nawilobriv Cans.

vinaidan sabazro ekonomika da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba emyareba

kerZo sakuTrebas da Tavisufal konkurencias, aqtivebze sakuTrebis

gaurkveveli mdgomareoba zegavlenas axdens ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

ganmsazRvrel maCveneblebze, rac sabolood aisaxeba saerTo ekonomikur

keTildReobaze.

SeiZleba iTqvas, rom kerZo sakuTrebis Tavisufali floba-

gankargvis gareSe gvaqvs viTareba, sadac izRudeba Tavisufali arCevani da

Tavisufali bazari, xolo maT gareSe ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi

dabalia. amrigad, kerZo sakuTreba da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba mWidro

urTierTkavSirSi arian da erTmaneTs ganapirobeben.

ekonomikuri zrdis da misi maCveneblebis gaumjobesebis problema

nebismieri sazogadoebisaTvis arsebobs, magram wina planze igi

gansakuTrebiT ganviTarebad qveynebSi sabazro ekonomikam wamowia. amitom,

bunebrivia am problemisadmi gacxovelebuli interesi Tanamedrove

periodSi, rogorc sxvadasxva qveyanaSi aseve saqarTveloSic.

Cveni survilia, rom mokled ganvmartoT gardamavali periodis

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri zrdis Taviseburebani, Tumca aseve

mniSvnelovnad migvaCnia ganvixiloT zogadad ekonomikuri zrda, misi

gazomvis xerxebi da am maCveneblis sxva makroekonomikur maCveneblebze

damokidebulebis sakiTxi.

makroekonomikuri maCveneblebidan ekonomikuri zrdis dasadgenad

umTavresad gamoiyeneba mSp-i da mep-i, agreTve, sazogadoebrivi

keTildreobis dasadgenad orive maCvenebeli mosaxleobis erT sulze

gaangariSebiT. es ori maCvenebeli naTel da myar warmodgenas iZleva

ekonomikuri zrdaze rogorc msoflio masStabiT, aseve calkeuli

qveynisaTvis.

am or makroekonomikur maCvenebels Soris, dasavleTis

ganviTarebuli qveynebis faqtobrivi monacemebiT sxvaoba faqtiurad

- 123 -

umniSvneloa. igi ± 1-is farglebSi meryeobs116.

ekonomikuri zrda sazogadoebrivi masStabiT warmogvidgeba,

rogorc saqonlisa da momsaxurebis wliuri warmoebis moculobis zrda.

swored amitomac ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar maCveneblebad gamodian mep-i da

mSp.

mSp-is da mep moculobis zrda mimdinare periodis ufro maRali

fasebis xarjze anu nominaluri mSp-is da mep-is cvlileba ar SeiZleba

ganxilul iqnas rogorc ekonomikuri zrda, radgan Tu ki mocemuli wlis

saboloo produqciis saerTo moculobaSi aranairi cvlileba ar moxdeba,

xolo fasebi ki 4-jer gaizrdeba, cxadia, aseTi situacia ekonomikuri

keTildReobis zrdis maCvenebeli ver iqneba. amitom mxedvelobaSi miiReba

mxolod realuri mSp-is mep cvlilebebi.

marTalia, ekonomikuri zrda izomeba makroekonomikuri maCveneblebis

meSveobiT. miso zrdis ganmsazRvreli faqtorebia: miwodebis, moTxovnis da

ganawilebis faqtorebi, bunebrivi resursebis raodenoba da xarisxi,

ZiriTadi kapitalis moculoba, warmoebis progresuli teqnologiebi 117 da

saerTo ekonomikuri politika. am faqtorebis wvdoma da efeqtiani

gamoyeneba mniSvnelovanadaa damokidebuli ekonomikur Tavisuflebaze.

Tanamedrove pirobebSi, rodesac resursebis deficitis sakiTxi

mwvaved aris dasmuli, didi mniSvneloba eniWeba aRniSnul faqtorebs

qveynis ekonomikuri zrdisaTvis. kerZod, maTi optimaluri Sexameba da

warmoebaSi CarTvis SesaZlebloba mniSvnelovanwilad gansazRvravs

ekonomikuri zrdis dinamikas.

amavdroulad minda aRvniSno, rom didi bunebrivi resursuli

SesaZlebloba jer kidev ar niSnavs erovnuli ekonomikis warmatebulad

amoqmedebas. im qveynebma, romlebsac ar gaaCndaT didi bunebriv-resursuli

SesaZleblobani, did warmatebas miaRwies ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

sferoSi da piriqiT, bevri qveyana ver iyenebs resursuli SesaZleblobebis

upiratesobebs.

ekonomikuri zrdis gansakuTrebuli faqtoria socialur-ekonomikur

urTierTobaTa xasiaTi, ekonomikuri garemos specifika, romelSic

116 http://www.mof.ge/4827 117 http://www.mof.ge/4827

http://www.mof.ge/4827

http://www.mof.ge/4827

- 124 -

moqmedeben ekonomikuri subieqtebi. aRniSnuli procesi saqarTvelos

magaliTze imiT aris gamorCeuli, rom aq mimdinareobs ekonomikuri

sistemis Camoyalibeba, rac, ra Tqma unda, Taviseburad aisaxeba ekonomikur

zrdaze.

ekonomikuri zrdis wyaroebs Soris unda dasaxeldes ekonomikuri

politika, romelic ekonomikuri zrdis yvelaze rTuli da gazomvas Znelad

daqvemdebarebadi wyaroa118.

saqarTveloSi da rig postsocialisturi qveynebis ganviTarebis

periodi garkveuli sirTuleebiT aris warmodgenili, rac garkveuli

subieqturi Tu obieqturi movlenebisa Sedegia. gamomdinare aqidan, Cvens

qveyanaSi am periodisaTvis arsebobs socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

sirTule. 1990 wlidan sabWouri periodis rRvevis Semdgomi periodi

gamoirCeva krizisuli mdgomareobiTa da ekonomikuri dacemiT, 90-iani

wlebis saqarTvelos ekonomika warmogvidgeba misi aRmavlobis erT-erT

kulminaciur wertilad, swored amitom saintereso iqneboda ekonomikuri

zrdis Sesadarebel sabaziso sidided 1990 w-is erovnuli warmoebis

moculoba iyos aRebuli.

imisaTvis, rom gavaanalizoT 90-iani wlebis Semdgomi saqarTvelos

realuri ekonomikuri zrdis cvalebadoba, daveyrdnobiT rig

makroekonomikur maCveneblebs. Cvens SemTxvevaSi konkretulad gamoviyenebT

ZiriTadSi mSp-s, mis sidides mosaxleobis erT sulze gaangariSebiT, zrdis

indeqsi wina welTan (1990-20012 ww) procentuli gamosaxviT, mSp zrdis temps

(1990=100%).

amrigad, saqarTvelos mSp-is gaangariSebisas misi gamosaxva xdeboda

rogorc 1990 w-is fasebSi (mln. maneTi), aseve 1996 w-lis da 2003 w-lis

fasebSi (mln. larebSi) rac gakveul wilad arTulebs wlebis monacemTa

urTierT Sesatyvisobas. Tumca, mainc SesaZlebelia mSp cvlilebis

tendenciis saCveneblad 1990 wlis maCveneblebTan Sedareba (ix. cxrili

4.1.1).

118 basilia T., silagaZe a., CikvaiZe T, - `postsocialisturi transformacia,

saqarTvelos ekonomika XXI s-is mijnaze”, Tb., 2001.

- 125 -

mSp-s zrdisa tempis tendencia wlebis Sesabamisad TvalsaCinod

mocemulia diagramaSi 4.1.1 sadac mkveTrad Cans zrdis amplitudis swrafi

cvlileba, rac rig SemTxvevaSi istoriuli xolo metwilad ki ekonomikuri

faqtorebiTaa gamowveuli, aRsaniSnavia, rom amdagvari swrafad cavalebadi

suraTi aramdgradi ekonomikis mqone qveynebisTvisa damaxasiaTebeli.

marTalia mTliani Sida produqtis sxvadasxva xerxiT gamosaxva mis

realur moculobas ra Tqma unda ver Secvlis, magram es SesaZlebels xdis

realuri ekonomikuri zrdis tempis dadgenas maTi Sedarebis gziT.

119 wyaro: `saqarTvelos ststistikis erovnuli samsaxuri~ da `msoflio savaluto

fondi~-s oficialuri veb-gverdebi.

http://geostat.ge; http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php.

saqarTvelos mSp-s zrdis indeqsi, zrdis tempi wina da

sabaziso 1990 welTan SedarebiT119

wlebi mSp-is indeqsi

(1990=100)

mSp zrdis

tempi wina

welTan

SedarebiT %

mSp zrdis tempi 1990 welTan

SedarebiT (%)

1990 100 100

100

1991 79.4 -20.6

-20.6

1992 44.5 -43.9

-55.5

1993 31.5 -29.3

-68.5

1994 28.7 -8.9

-71.3

1995 29.4 2.6

-70.6

1996 32.7 11.2

-67.3

1997 36.2 10.5

-63.8

1998 37.3 3.1

-62.7

1999 38.4 2.9

61.6

http://geostat.ge/


- 126 -

dRes saqarTveloSi erovnul valutad da saqonlis fulad sazom

erTeulad miRebulia lari, raskvirvelia marTebulia, rom saSualo

ekonomikuri zrdis tempis gansazRvrisas daveyrdnoT larSi gaangariSebul

mSp-is dinamikas, aseve mSp-is sabaziso da mimdinare fasebSi gaangariSeba

SesaZleblobas iZleva maTi Sesadarisobis sxvaobis dasadgenad. mSp-is erT

sul mosaxleze gaangariSebisas mxedvelobaSia misaRebi mosaxleobis

ricxovnobis cvlileba (kleba), romelic gansxvavdeba periodebis mixedviT.

amrigad, wlebis mixedviT ekonomikuri zrdis realurad warmoCenisaTvis

marTebulia mSp-is gaangariSeba saerTo moculobiT da ara erT sul

mosaxleze.

zrdis indeqsi wina welTan SedarebiT, saqarTvelos magaliTze

sruliad ararealur warmodgenas qmnis ekonomikuri zrdaze, radgan

saqarTvelos ekonomikam 90-iani wlebis Semdgom mkveTri dacema ganicada.

2000 39.1 1.8

-60.9

2001 40.9 4.8

59.1

2002 43.2 5.5

-56.8

2003 48.0 11.1

-52.2

2004 50.8 5.9

-49.2

2005 55.5 9.3

-44.5

2006 60.8 9.4

-39.2

2007 68.2 12.3

-31.8

2008 69.8 2.3

-30.2

2009 67.2 -3.8

-32.8

2010 71.4 6.3

-28.6

2011 76.5 7.2

-23.5

2012 81.1 6.0

-18.9

cxrili 4.1.1

- 127 -

aseve xdeba ekonomikuri zrdis aramarto SeCereba, aramed mkveTri dacema.

zrdis indeqsis gaangariSeba wina welTan SedarebiT, anu sabazisod, roca

aRebulia gasuli wlis monacemebi saqarTvelos magaliTze savsebiT

miuRebelia imis gamo, rom is ekonomikuri zrdis wliur indeqss zedmetad

beravs. aseTi midgoma misaRebia mxolod im qveynebisaTvis, visac gaaCniaT

xangrZlivi periodis ganmavlobaSi myari ekonomikuri zrdis tempebi.

vinaidan isini ekonomikuri SesaZleblobis zeda zRvarTan imyofebian da

maTi yovelwliuri monacemebi umniSvnelod gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisagan.

saqarTvelos magaliTze ki sul sxva suraTi gvesaxeba. magaliTad 2007

wlis zrdis maCvenebeli (tempi) 12.3% Seadgenda (yvelaze maRali

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

saqarTvelos mSp-s zrdis indeqsi, zrdis tempi wina da sabaziso (1990 w) welTan SedarebiT

wyaro: saqarTvelos ststistikis erovnuli samsaxuri da msoflio savaluto fondis oficialuri monacemebi.

mSp-is indeqsi (1990=100)

mSp zrdis tempi 1990 welTan SedarebiT (%)

mSp zrdis tempi wina welTan SedarebiT %

- 128 -

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrdis istoriaSi), rodesac realurad Tu

sabaziso sidided 1990 wels aviRebT igi Seadgens 7.3%-s.120

amrigad, rodesac vakeTebT saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri zrdis

Sefasebebs, sasurvelia sabaziso sidided warmovadginoT 1990 wlis

erovnuli warmoeba, vinaidan es periodi iTvleba saqarTvelos ekonomikis

moculobis yvelaze maRal safexurad (yovel SemTxvevisaTvis jerjerobiT)

Sesabamisad am periodis sabazro sidided miCneva mogvcems ekonomikuri

zrdis realur suraTs.

cnobilia, rom 1990-iani wlebis Semdgom xdeba axali fuladi niSnebis

SemoReba jer kuponi, romelic sensaciuri siswrafiT gaufasurda

(hiperinflacia), xolo Semdgom laris SemoReba romelic sakmaod myari

kursiT gamoirCeva.

gamomdinare AaRnuSnulidan marTebulia, rom 1990-2012 ww. mSp-s

odenobis Sesadareblad gamovsaxoT yoveli wlis mpS mudmiv 2003 w fasebSi,

rac SesaZleblobas mogvcems aseve SevadaroT mSp-is raodenoba 1 sul

mosaxleze. mSp-is 2003 wlis fasebiT gamosaxva imiTac aris marTebuli, rom

am periodSi mniSvnelovnad didi iyo sxva wlebTan SedarebiT ekonomikuri

zrda, rac cxrilSi naTlad aris asaxuli.

1993 wlis Semdeg arsebuli realuri zrdis tempis saSualo wliuri

maCvenebeli mxolod da 2,9%-s aRwevs, rac katastrofulad dabali

maCvenebelia. aseTi zrdis tempi, ra Tqma unda, misaRebia mxolod da

mxolod im ganviTarebuli saxelmwifoebisaTvis, romelTac ekonomikuri

ganviTarebis maRali done axasaTebT da romlebmac ukve amowures

eqstensiuri zrdis faqtorebi da ekonomikur zrdas axerxeben mxolod

intensiuri faqtorebis xarjze. es maCvenebeli savsebiT miuRebelia

saqarTvelosaTvis, romelic ekonomikuri daqveiTebis qveda zRvarTan

imyofeba da romelsac ekonomikuri zrdisa udidesi potenciali gaaCnia,

rogorc eqstensiuri faqtorebis aseve intensiuri faqtorebis srulyofili

gamoyenebiT.

saWiroa amavdroulad aRiniSnos isic, rom aseTi realuri zrdis

120 `saqarTvelos ststistikis erovnuli samsaxuri~-s da `msoflio savaluto

fondi~-s oficialuri eleqtronuli monacemebi.

http://geostat.ge; http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php

http://geostat.ge/


- 129 -

tempiT saqarTvelos kidev daaxloebiT 7 weli dasWirdeba imisaTvis, rom

1990 wlis dones miaRwios. magram Tuki saqarTvelo moaxerxebs bolo

wlebis zrdis maCveneblis SenarCunebas, am SemTxvevaSi qveyana gacilebiT

nakleb droSi miaRwevs 90-iani wlebis dones.

rac Seexeba mSp-is odenobas mosaxleobis erT sulze igi uswrebs

zrdis procentuli maCveneblebiT mSp-is zrdis temps. ismis kiTxva, Tu

riTa aris gamowveuli aRniSnuli sxvaoba? mizezi mxolod is aris, rom

erT sulze am maCveneblebis zrda gamowveulia mosaxleobis SemcirebiT

anu saqarTvelos mosaxleoba 1990 welTan SedarebiT daaxloebiT 10 %-iT

aris Semcirebuli. 121 mosaxleobis raodenobrivi Semcireba ZiriTadSi

gamowveulia migraciiT, rac pirdapir kavSirSia ekonomikur

TavisuflebasTan, rame Tu moqalaqeebi migrireben ukeTesi alternativis

saZieblad (dasaqmeba, socialuri pirobebi) im regionebSi, sadac meti

arCevanis Tavisuflebaa cxovrebis donis gasaumjobeseblad.

nominalur mSp-is zrdaze zegavlenas inflaciuri procesic axdens,

SeswavliT gairkva, rom am periodis ganmavlobaSi es procesi zomierebiT

xasiaTdeboda. Tumca, roca gaangariSeba xdeba, 1996 wlis an 2003 wlis

mudmiv fasebSi mniSvnelovan gansxvavdebas ar gvaZlevs savaluto kursis

gansxvaveba, anu dabali savluto kursi maRla wevs mSp-s maCvenebels

realurTan SedarebiT. es, erTi mxriv, TiTqos gvaaxloebs msoflios

Sesabamis maCvenebelTan, Tumca, zRudavs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas ucxour

bazrebze gamsvleli ekonomikuri subieqtebisa da erovnuli

mwarmoeblebisTvis. es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom saqoneli ucxour

bazrebze icvleba konvertirebad valutaze. aRniSnuli saboloo jamSi

uaryofiTad moqmedebs ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebze.

saqarTvelos gaaCnia Zalian dabali ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebi, cxadia, arsebobs mcire magram realuri ekonomikuri zrdis

tempebi. es mcire ekonomikuri zrda visi meSveobiT da ris xarjzea

ganpirobebuli? amis gaanalizebas SevecdebiT zogadi msjelobiT. -

121 http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=151&lang=geo

saqarTvelos mosaxleoba, 1990 weli 5,459 mln. adamiani, 2012 weli 4,976 mln.

adamiani.

http://geostat.ge/?action=page&p_id=151&lang=geo

- 130 -

filosofiur `me”–s unda, rom dRevandelze xval ukeT icxovros, anu

Sesabamisad meti Semosavali hqondes, meti gaxarjos da meti dazogos.

amrigad, TiTeuli `me”–s personaluri miswrafeba progresisken gvaZlevs

Mmcire zrdas da am ekonomikur zrdaSi naklebad monawileobs umTavresi

faqtori ekonomikuri zrdisa - saxelmwifo ekonomikuri politika Tavisi

xelSemwyobi meqanizmebiT, ekonomikuri aqtivobisTvis Tavisufali garemos

uzrunvelsayofad.

saerTo suraTidan gamomdinare, SemaSfoTebelia mosaxleobis

dabali cxovrebis done, rasac mowmobs mosaxleobis erT sulze mSp-is

dabali maCveneblebi msoflio maCveneblebTan SedarebiT, Tu mosaxleobis

cxovrebis done mkveTrad ar amaRlda SeuZlebeli gaxdeba ekonomikuri

zrdis daCqareba.

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri zrdis erT-erT mTavar Semaferxebel

faqtorad investiciebis simcire gvevlineba, aseve sustia ekonomikur

zrdaze bankebis zemoqmedebac, radgan isini ZiriTadSi mxolod moklevadian

kredits iZlevian, aRniSnuli garemoeba kerZo seqtorisaTvis sakmaod

araxelsayrel pirobebs qmnis, rom araferi vTqvaT kreditis siZvireze, rac

ZiriTadSi arakonkurentuli fulis bazrisa da dabali ekonomikuri

Tvisuflebis mauwyebelia. es maSin rodesac udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba

Tavisufal sainvesticio resursebs ekonomikuri zrdis uzrunvelsayofad,

sainvesticio resursebSi ki didi mniSvneloba eniWeba Sida danazogebis

zrdas da finansuri bazris ganviTarebas, rasac agreTve uzrunvelyofs

Tavisufali garemo.

amrigad, masalebis analizma gviCvena, rom saqarTvelom myar

ekonomikur zrdaze gadasvla ver moaxerxa. aRniSnulis ZiriTadi mizezi

aris is, rom saxelmwifom ver uzrunvelyo saTanado instituciuri da

struqturuli gardaqmnebi. ver Camoayaliba marTvis iseTi sistema, romelic

xels Seuwyobda Tavisufali ekonomikuri garemos Seqmnas da biznesis

ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebis Seqmnas. samomavlod imedia

saxelmwifo SeZlebs masze dakisrebuli funqciis Sesrulebas, rac

aucilebelia ekonomikuri zrdis myari da stabiluri tempis misaRwevad.

qveynis ekonomikuri zrdas udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs misi

ganviTarebisaTvis, socialuri pirobebis gaumjobesebisada saerTod

- 131 -

mosaxleobis keTildReobisaTvis. marTalia, mas SeiZleba hqondes

garkveuli uaryofiTi Sedegebi ekologiuri TvalsazrisiT, magram

ekonomikuri zrdisagan miRebuli sikeTe da sargebeli imdenad aRemateba

mis uaryofiT Sedegebs, rom uaryofiTi faqtorebi umniSvnelo xdeba.

mdgradi da usafrTxo ekonomikuri zrdisTvis ki aucilebelia

saxelmwifos mier ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mxardaWera da efeqtiani

social-ekonomikuri politikis gatareba.

- 132 -

4.2 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis Sefaseba

Tanamedrove msoflioSi globalizaciis fonze ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebs didi mniSvneloba eniWeba. maTi meSveobiT

SesaZlebeli xdeba ama Tu im qveynis (regionis) biznes garemoze

informaciis miReba da Tavisufali sainvesticio dabandebisaTvis

xelsayreli klimatis gansazRvra.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi ama Tu im qveynis

keTildReobas da cxovrebis doneze piradpir ar zemoqmedebs, Sesabamisad

ar cvlis makroekonomikur maCveneblebs, magram maT Sesaxeb informacia

xels uwyobs Sesabamisi ekonomikuri politikis SemuSavebas,

sazoagdoebrivi keTildReobis asamaRleblad122.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi mniSvnelovan sainformacio

wyaros warmoadgens rogorc xelisufalTaTvis, aseve investorebisTvisac.

investorebi akvirdebian ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis reitingebs da cvladebis

tendenciebs. maRali maCvenebeli axalisebs maT samomavlo dabandebebs,

ramac qveyanas unda moutanos axali samuSao adgilebi da ekonomikuri

keTilReobis zrda123.

saqarTvelos arc Tu saxarbielo ekonomikuri mdgomareoba da

mosaxleobis socialuri unari, ekonomikuri zrdis dabali tempi gaaCnia,

amavdroulad qveynis mier ramdenime avtoritetul ekonomikur indeqsSi

maRali adgilis dakaveba, aSkarad qmnis garkveul dabneulobas da xSirad

mosaxleobis udidesi nawilis undoblobas iwvevs indeqsebisadmi124.

èkonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi es aris ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

maCvenebeli, romelsac adgenen saerTaSoriso institutebi saxelmwifos

struqturebTan da sxvadasxva institutebTan mimarTebaSi, aRniSnulis

mixedviT dgindeba qveynebs Soris sxvaoba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

122http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.df 123 http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/economic-review/24716769.html 124 RaRaniZe g., èkonomikuri indeqsebi da ekonomikuri realoba~, `Tbilisis

ekonomikur urTierTobaTa saxelmwifo universiteti” samecniero Sromebis

krebuli, Tb., 2010.

http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.pf

http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.df

http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/economic-review/24716769.html

http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.pf

- 133 -

mixedviT~125.

Cvens mier ganxiluli iqneba Semdegi kvleviTi organizaciebi da

institutebi:

a) freizeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi;

b) `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsi;

g) msoflio bankis biznesis keTebis indeqsi;

d) `msoflio ekonomikuri forumi~-s globaluri konkurentunarianobis

indeqsi .

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebs aqveynebs da maT safuZvelze

sxvadasxva maCveneblebis kvlevas axorcielebs katonis institutic, Tumca

is frezeris institutis monacemebs eyrdnoba aqedan gamomdinare

aucilebeli ar aris maTi calke ganxilva.

msoflio sakredito reitingebs ikvlevs Fitch-is jgufi, is

Sedis `sakredito reitingebis” saagentoebis did sameulSi da axorcielebs

sakredito sareitingo kvlevebs. am jgufma aRiareba moipova 1975 wels

rogorc saerTaSorisao statistikuri sareitingo organizaciam.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebze msjelobisas, Cven am zogadi

informaciiT SemovifarglebiT, radgan is pirdapir ekonomikur

Tavisuflebas ar exeba.

a) frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi efuZneba saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis monacemebs, statistikuri cnobarebisa da qveynebis

oficialur monacemebs126.

is ZiriTadSi efuZvneba Tavisufali arCevanis, Tavisufali gacvlis,

Tavisufali konkurenciis da kerZo sakuTrebis dacvis principebs.

kvlevebis avtorebi arian j. gvarnei (floridis saxelmwifo universiteti),

125http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation%20in

dex%20and%20doing%20business.pdf 126http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation%20in

dex%20and%20doing%20business.pdf

http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation%20index%20and%20doing%20business.pdf




- 134 -

r. lousoni (samxreT meTodisturi universiteti) da joSua holi

(biloiTis koleji). indeqsSi warmodgenilia msoflios 144 qveynis monacemi

maTSorisaa saqarTveloc.

indeqsis SemuSavebisas ganmsazRvrelia xuTi ZiriTadi komponenti:

1. saxelmwifo xarjebis zoma;

2. sawarmoTa samarTlebrivi sistema da sakuTrebis uflebebi;

3. sando da saimedo fulis xelmisawvdomoba;

4. saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Tavisufleba;

5. kreditis, Sromis da biznesis regulireba.

saxelmwifo xarjebis zomis kriteriumiT fasdeba saxelmwifos

xarjebis moculoba, sagadasaxado tvirTi da saxelmwifo sawarmoTa

monacemebi. ufro konkretulad, saxelmwifo moxmarebis procentuli wili

mTlian moxmarebaSi, transferebis da subsidiebis mimarTeba mSp-Tan,

saxelmwifo investiciebis mimarTeba mTlian investiciebTan, saSemosavlo

gadasaxadis yvelaze maRali ganakveTi da Semosavlis zRvari.

sawarmoTa samarTlebrivi sistema da sakuTrebis uflebebis

komponentiT afaseben sasamarTlos damoukideblobas; sasamarTlos

miukerZoeblobis xarisxs; sakuTrebis dacvis mdgomareobas; kanonis

uzenaesobaSi da politikur procesebSi samxedro Carevis xarisxs;

samarTlebrivi sistemis erTianobas; kontraqtebiT aRebuli

valdebulebebis samarTliani Sesruleba; uZravi qonebis gayidvebiT

dakavebuli organizaciebis regulirebas; policiis sandoobas; biznesis

xarjebs danaSaulze.

sando da saimedo fulis xelmisawvdomobis punqtSi Sedis fulis

masis zrda; inflaciis standartuli gadaxrebi; bolo wlis inflaciis

done; ucxouri bankebSi qveynis SigniT da ucxoeTSi ucxour valutaSi

depozitebis flobis Tavisufleba.

saerTaSoriso vaWrobis Tavisuflebis monacemi moicavs tarifebs;

mxedvelobaSi miiReba vaWrobis dabegvridan miRebuli Semosavlebis wili

eqsport-importis jamSi, saSualo saimporto tarifis odenoba da

satarifo gadaxra. agreTve, vaWrobis maregulirebeli arasatarifo

barierebi, imports da eqsports Soris Tanafardoba; sxvaoba oficialur

savaluto kurssa da Savi bazris kurss Soris.

- 135 -

aseve igi iTvaliswinebs saerTaSoriso kapitalis bazrebis kontrols,

romelSic Sedis: adgilobrivi moqalaqeebisaTvis kapitalis ucxour

bazarze da ucxoelebisaTvis kapitalis adgilobriv bazarze daSvebis

akrZalvebi da adgilobrivi moqalaqeebis ucxoelebTan kapitalis

tranzaqciebSi monawileobis Tavisuflebis SezRudvebi127.

biznesis, kreditis da Sromis regulirebis komponenti Sedgeba:

- regulireba sakredito bazarze: es maCvenebeli Tavismxriv fasdeba

kerZo bankebze sakuTrebis uflebiT, kerZo seqtoris dakreditebis

xarisxiT; kreditze sakomisios procentiT/ saprocento ganakveTebis

kontrolis mdgomareobiT da misi Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobebiT,

- Sromis bazris regulireba: daqiravebis praqtika da minimaluri

xelfasis odenoba; samuSaoze daqiravebisa da ganTavisuflebis wesi;

koleqtiuri SeTanxmebebiT dadgenili xelfasebis wili, daxmarebebi

umuSevrebze da samxedro ZalebSi gawvevis mdgomareoba;

- biznesis uflebebi moicavs: fasebze kontrolis mdgomareobas,

administraciuli moTxovnebisa da axali biznesis dawyebis procedurebs,

saxelmwifo biurokratiis xarjebs, licenzirebis SezRudvebs, sagadsaxado

kanonmdeblobis gatarebis danaxarjebs.

zemoT mocemuli indikatorebi fasdeba 10 baliani sistemiT (yvelaze

umaRlesia 10). angariSebi eyrdnoba ori wlis winandel monacemebs, anu 2012

wlis angariSiT gamoqveynebuli monacemebi efuZneba 2010-2011 wlebis

Sesabamis maCveneblebs. aRniSnuli monacemebis safuZvelze saqarTvelom 27-e

adgilidan 42-ze gadainacvla, es adgili yvelaze dabalia bolo periodis

manZilze. rac Seexeba `freizeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsi~-s maCvenebels, Sesabamisi qulebi umniSvnelod aris daklebuli,

Tumca, im fonze, roca sxva qveynebma gaiumjobeses mdgomareoba `freizeris

institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi~-Si saqarTvelo 42-e

adgilze aRmoCnda (ix. cxrili 4.2.2).

saqarTvelo `freizeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsi~-s kvlevaSi figurirebs mxolod 2005 wlidan (Sesabamisad wina

127 http://www.freetheworld.com/2012/EFW2012-complete.pdf


http://www.freetheworld.com/2012/EFW2012-complete.pdf



- 136 -

periodis maCvenebeli ar moipoveba), 2012 wlis angariSi 2010 wlis

monacemebze dayrdnobiT msoflio 144 qveynis mixedviT gvaqvs warmodgenili

cxrilSi 4.2.2. saqarTvelos sareitingo maCveneblebis cvlilebis tendencia

2005-2012 wlebis angariSebis mixedviT ki mocemulia diagramaSi 4.2.2.

128 wyaro: freizeris institutis veb-gverdi


qveynebis reitinguli maCveneblebi 2012 wlis angariSiT128

1 hong-kongi 8.90 48 zambia 7.31 97 kolumbia 6.50

2 singapuri 8.69 50 uganda 7.30 98 haiti 6.50

3 axali zelandia 8.36 51 urugvai 7.29 99 egvipte 6.49

4 Sveicaria 8.24 52 hondurasi 7.24 100 Srilanka 6.48

5 avstralia 7.97 52 israeli 7.24 101 madagaskari 6.42

5 kanada 7.97 52 nikaragua 7.24 102 maroko 6.41

6 ბაჰრეინი (spars.yure) 7.94 55 gvatemala 7.21 103 serbeTi 6.41

8 მავრიტანია 7.90 56 salvadori 7.20 104 bolivia 6.39

9 მავრიტანია 7.88 56 fiji 7.20 105 brazilia 6.37

10 Cile 7.84 58 kamboja 7.16 106 kameruni 6.36

11 arabeTis gaerT.emirat. 7.83 58 CexeTi 7.16 107 CineTi 6.35

12 irlandia 7.75 60 portugalia 7.14 107 tanzania 6.35

12 didi britaneTi 7.75 61 latvia 7.12 109 bangladeSi 6.34

14 estoneTi 7.74 61 filipinebi 7.12 110 nepali 6.33

15 taivani 7.72 63dominikis resp. 7.09 111 indoeTi 6.26

16 dania 7.71 64 ungreTi 7.08 111 nepali 6.26

17 katari 7.70 65 islandia 7.06 111 pakistani 6.26

18 aSS. 7.69 65saudis arabeTi 7.06 114 gaiana 6.24

19 kuveiti 7.66 67 botsvana 7.03 115 benini 6.18

20 kviprosi 7.64 67axali gvinea 7.03 116 azerbaijani 6.17

20 iaponia 7.64 69 monRoleTi 7.01 117 mali 6.12


- 137 -

20 omani (arabeTi) 7.64 70 yazaxstani 6.97 118 burkina-faso 6.09

23 iordania 7.63 71 gana 6.96 119 siria 6.08

24 peru 7.61 71 malaizia 6.96 120 nigeria 6.07

25 malta 7.57 73 barbadosi 6.94 121 siera leone 5.99

25 norvegia 7.57 73 makedonia 6.94 122 ukraina 5.94

27 avstria 7.56 75 TurqeTi 6.92 123 gaboni 5.88

28 litva 7.54 76 indonezia 6.88 123 senegali 5.88

28 montenegro 7.54 76tobago(karibis zRv) 6.88 125 lesoto 5.81

30 Svecia 7.53 78 kenia 6.87 126 ekvadori 5.80

31 germania 7.52 79 iamaika 6.84 127 argentina 5.79

32 luqsemburgi 7.47 80 tunisi 6.81 128 nigeria 5.78

33 slovakeTi 7.45 81 saberZneTi 6.78 129 kodiuari 5.76

34 espaneTi 7.43 81 paragvai 6.78 130 centr.afrika 5.73

35 somxeTi 7.42 83 italia 6.77 131 eTiopia 5.72

36 rumineTi 7.41 84 xorvatia 6.76 132 mavritania 5.67

37 samxr. Korea 7.40 85 moldoveTi 6.75 133 togo 5.59

37 niderlandebi 7.40 85 samxr. afrika 6.75 134 burundi 5.45

37 panama 7.40 87 tailandi 6.70 134 mozambika 5.45

40 bahamis kunZ. 7.36 88 beliza(amerika) 6.68 136 Cadi 5.41

41 belgia 7.35 88 yirgizeTi 6.68 137 alJiri 5.34

42 albaneTi 7.34 88 malavi 6.68 138 gvinea 5.23

42 kosta rika 7.34 91 meqsika 6.66 139 kongo 5.18

42 saqarTvelo 7.34 92 slovakeTi 6.63 140 angora 5.12

45 bulgareTi 7.33 93 bosnia 6.61 141 kongo 4.86

45 ruanda 7.33 94 namibia 6.59 142 zimbabve 4.35

47 safrangeTi 7.32 95 ruseTi 6.56 143 mianmari 4.29

48 poloneTi 7.31 96 vietnami 6.54 144 venesuela 4.07

cxrili 4.2.2

- 138 -

saqarTvelos ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis maCvenebeli 2005-2012 wlebis mixedviT

(2003-2010 ww monacemebiT)129

wlebi

freizeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsi

Aqveynis mier dakavebuli

adgili

indeqsis maCvenebelSiKkleba an zrda wina monacemTa

SedarebiT

2005 6.4 66

--

2006 6.7 53

+0.3

2007 7.1 44

+0.4

2008 7.29 39

+0.19

2009 7.25 42

-0.04

2010 7.47 23

+ 0.22

2011 7.36

27 - 0.11

2012 7.34

42 -0.02 cxrili 4.2.3

129 wyaro: freizeris da katonis institutebis veb-gverdebi http://www.cato.org/economic-freedom-world http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php

6,4

6,7

7,1

7,297,25

7,47 7,367,34

6,2

6,4

6,6

6,8

7

7,2

7,4

7,6

frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis 2005-2012 ww (2003-2010 ww monacemebiT saqarTvelo)

wyaro: freizeris institutis veb-gverdi http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php

saqarTvelo



- 139 -

b) `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-is ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsi;

`Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-i 1995 wlidan aqveynebs

Sesabamis angariSs qveynebis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis Sesaxeb.

Tavisi moRvaweobis manZilze indeqsis gamoTvlis meTodologia

ramodenimejer Seicvala, amJamad 2000-2012 wlebSi Secvlili meTodikiT

fasdeba àTi Tavisufleba~ sadReisod ukve 185 qveynisTvis (manamde

fasdeboda àTi faqtoriT~) meTodologias daemata Sromis Tavisuflebis

Sefaseba da Seicvala monetaruli Tavisuflebis Sefasebis meTodika. aseve

daemata regionebis Sefasebac.

Sefaseba xorcieldeba 100 baliani sistemiT, sadac TiToeul

komponents Tanabari wona eniWeba, Sesabamisad miRebuli Sedegebis mixedviT

qveynebi 5 jgufad iyofa: Tavisufali (indeqsi 100-80), upiratesad

Tavisufali (indeqsi 79.9- 70), zomierad Tavisufali (indeqsi 69.9-60),

upiratesad araTavisufali (indeqsi 59.9-50), represirebuli (indeqsi 49.9-0).

freizeris institutis indeqsis msgavsad, `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage

Foundation~-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsic miiReba wina wlebis

monacemebze dayrdnobiT. ZiriTadad gamoiyeneba msoflio bankis `biznesis

keTebis” monacemebi.

axali meTodologiis Sesabamisad indeqsi moicavs `10 Tavisufleba~-s:

1) biznesis Tavisufleba; 2) vaWrobis Tavisufleba; 3) fiskaluri

Tavisufleba; 4) saxelmwifosgan Tavisufleba (mTavrobis Carevisgan

Tavisufleba); 5) monetaruli Tavisufleba; 6) sainvesticio Tavisufleba; 7)

finansuri Tavisufleba; 8) sakuTrebis ufleba; 9) korufciisgan

Tavisufleba; 10) Sromis Tavisufleba.

am maCveneblebiT saqarTvelos 2013 wlisTvis sakmaod maRali indeqsi

aqvs. kerZod, msoflio 185 qveynidan me-21-e adgili ukavia da evropaSi me-11-e

adgili, win uswrebs evrokavSiris zogierT qveyanas (safrangeTi, italia,

portugalia, malta, ungreTi, slovenia, poloneTi, slovakeTi, latvia,

bulgareTi, rumineTi), agreTve samxreT koreas, israels, brazilias,

- 140 -

TurqeTs, CineTs, malaizias, meqsikas da a.S.130

saqarTvelos maCvenebeli SegviZlia SevadaroT msoflio aTi qveynis

saukeTeso maCvenebels, agreTve, indeqsis msoflio saSualo dones 185

qveynis mixedviT. monacemebidan Cans, rom saqarTvelos indeqsi

mniSvnelovnad aRemateba msoflo saSualo indeqs. (ix. cxrili 4.2.4)

srulyofili analizisTvis ganvixiloT TiToeuli maCvenebeli (àTi

Tavisufleba~).

biznesis Tavisufleba (90.6), saqarTveloSi biznesis dawyeba da

registracia Zalian gamartivebuli da advilia. aRniSnuli xels unda

uwyobdes mewarmeobis ganviTarebas da axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas.

130 http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information 131 wyaro: `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-is oficialuri veb-gverdi

http://www.heritage.org/index/download

saqarTvelo da msoflio 10 saukeTeso maCvenebeli 2013 wlis ~Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsi (2012 wlis monacemebze dayrdnobiT)131

qveynebi adgili msoflioSi

adgili regionSi

Eekonomikuri Tavisuflebis reitingi

zrda da kleba wina welTan

honkongi 1 1 89.3 -0.6 singapuri 2 2 88 0.5 avstralia 3 3 82.6 -0.5 Aaxali zelandia 4 4 81.4 -0.7 Sveicaria 5 1 81 -0.1 kanada 6 1 79.4 -0.5 Cile 7 1 79 0.7 mauritania 8 1 76.9 -0.1 Ddania 9 2 76.1 -0.1 aSS 10 2 76 -0.3 saqarTvelo 21 11 72.2 2.8 msoflio saSualo -- -- 59.64 __

cxrili 4.2.4

http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information


- 141 -

Tumca, samwuxarod, biznesis daxurvis TvalsazrisiT gvaqvs

administraciul sferoSi problemebi132.

vaWrobis Tavisufleba (89.2), am sferoSic saqarTvelos mniSvnelovnad

dadebiTi maCvenebeli aqvs, ramac unda uzrunvelyos progresi. realurad

ara-satarifo barierebi da sabaJo organoebSi korufciuli garigebeba

amcirebs am Tavisuflebas.

fiskaluri Tavisufleba (88.2), es maCvenebeli sagadasaxado politikis

gaumjobesebis mcdelobis miuxedavad saqarTvelosTvis wina wlebTan

SedarebiT Semcirebulia. miuxedavad imisa, rom sagadsaxado tvirTi arc

ise maRalia, es metwilad gamowveulia administraciuli kontrolis

simZimiT.

saxelmwifosgan Tavisufleba (mTavrobis Carevisgan Tavisufleba)

(68.9). bolo wlebis maCveneblebiT saqarTveloSi saxelmwifosgan

Tavisuflebis sakmaod dabali maCvenebelia, rac politikuri konuqturiTaa

gamowveuli. miuxedavad imasa, rom regulaciebi ar arsebobs sakanonmdeblo

doneze, mTavrobis mxridan biznesis Tavisuflebis SezRudvis tendencia

arsebobs.

monetaruli Tavisufleba (72.6) am mimarTulebiT saqarTvelos

saSualo maCvenebeli aqvs. roca qveyanaSi mimdinareobs inflaciis

kontroli da maT Soris fasebis regulirebac, am maCvenebelSi maRali

Sedegi naklebad misaRwevia.

sainvesticio Tavisufleba (75.0) es maCvenebeli damakmayofilebelia im

fonze, roca sakuTrebis dacvis maCveneblebi Zalian dabalia, aRniSnuli

Tavisuflebis maCveneblis gazrda damokidebulia saxelmwifo ekonomikur

politikaze, gansakuTrebiT aqtivebis Tavisufali floba-gankargva da

sakuTrebis dacvis meqanizmebze.

finansuri Tavisufleba (60.0) aRniSnuli maCvenebeli sakmaod

dabalia. miuxedavad imisa, rom arsebobs kerZo bankebi. am bankebis

Tavisufleba garkveulwilad SezRuduli iyi mTavrobis CareviT.

132 RaRaniZe g., èkonomikuri indeqsebi da ekonomikuri realoba~, `Tbilisis


krebuli, Tb., 2010.

http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.pdf


- 142 -

dasaxelebuli ori maCvenebeli urTierTkavSirSia. miuxedavad imis, rom

ucxouri bankebis da maTi filialebisTvis pirdapiri SezRudva ar

arsebobs da bevri qarTuli bankis aqcionerebs ucxoelebi warmoadgenen.

saxelmwifo wili arcerT bankSi ar aris, mainc iribad izRudebodnen

bankebi. agreTve, uimedo vali da sakredito xelSekrulebebis

Seusrulebloba bevri bankisTvis kvlav seriozul problemas

warmoadgens.133

sakuTrebis ufleba (45.0) es maCvenebeli `korufciisgan Tavisuflebi~-s

Semdgom yvelaze dabalia saqarTveloSi. qveyanaSi mravladaa sakuTrebis

xelyofis faqtebi. samwuxarod, sasamarTlo sistema ver uzrunvelyofs da

ar aris garanti rogorc ucxoeli aseve saqarTvelos moqalaqeebis

sakuTrebiTi uflebis dacvis mxriv. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, eWvqveS dgas

sasamarTlos damoukidebloba da SesaZleblobebi daicvas kerZo sakuTreba

da mesakuTreTa uflebebi.

korufcisgan Tavisufleba (41.0). rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, es

maCvenebeli yvelaze dabalia saqarTveloSi, miuxedavad samTavrobo

gacxadebuli politikis da mcdelobisa, misgan ganTavisufleba ver

moxerxda. es, Tavis mxriv, samTavrobo Carevisagan ara TavisuflebiT aris

ganpirobebuli, korufcia mniSvnelovnad axasiaTebs saxelmwifo

sakuTrebaSi arsebuli aqtivebis gasxviseba-gankargvis sferos134.

Sromis Tavisufleba (91.1) indeqsis mixedviT am maxasiTebelSi maRali

Sedegia saqarTveloSi, rasac samwuxarod arsebuli realobidan

gamomdinare Znelia daveTanxmoT, erTi mxriv, Sromis maRali Tavisufleba

da, meore mxriv, umuSevrobis sakmaod maRli donis gamo. dasaqmebulTaTvis

samuSao drois xangrZlivoba oficialurad xelsayrelia, Tumca, mcire

anazRaurebis gamo da meti xelfasis miRebis mcdelobiT samuSo dro rig

SemTxvevaSi mniSvnelovnad aRemateba 8 saaTian samuSao ganakveTs, rac

uaryofiTi faqtoria Sromis Tvisuflebis TvalsazrisiT.

mocemuli àTi Tavisuflebidan~ mudmivad dabali maCvenebeli gvaqvs

`korufciisgan Tavisuflebis~ reitingSi, xolo kargi maCveneblebi gvaqvs,

gansakuTrebiT bolo periodSiDSromis da biznesis Tavisuflebis mxriv.

133 http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information 134 http://www.heritage.org/index/download



- 143 -

aRniSnuli SegviZlia detalurad vixiloT cxrilSi 4.2.5, sadac `Wall Street

Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-is 1996-2013

saqarTvelo sareitingo maCveneblebi 1996-2013 ww. Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation-is angariSebidan135

wleb

i

saer

To r

eiting

i

saku

Tre b

is

Tavis

ufleb

korufci is

gan

Tavis

ufleba

fis

kaluri

Tavis

ufleba

sax

elmw

ifosgan

Tavis

ufleba

biz

nesis

Tavis

ufleb

Sromis

Tavis

ufleba

monet

aruli

Tavis

ufleb

vaWrobis

Tavis

ufleba

sainves

tic

io

Tavis

ufleb

finans

uri

Tavis

ufleba

1996 44,1 30,0 10,0 92,0 61,3 55,0 Na/m 0,0 69,0 50,0 30,0

1997 46,5 30,0 10,0 92,0 82,3 55,0 a/m 0,0 69,0 50,0 30,0

1998 47,9 30,0 10,0 91,7 95,5 55,0 a/m 0,0 69,0 50,0 30,0

1999 52,5 30,0 10,0 91,3 86,6 55,0 a/mA 50,9 69,0 50,0 30,0

2000 54,3 30,0 10,0 90,8 86,8 55,0 Na/m 67,5 69,0 50,0 30,0

2001 58,3 50,0 23,0 90,9 89,2 55,0 Na/m 61,1 75,6 50,0 30,0

2002 56,7 30,0 23,0 90,7 85,5 55,0 Na/mA 67,4 79,2 50,0 30,0

2003 58,6 30,0 23,0 90,6 88,9 55,0 a/m 74,8 64,8 50,0 50,0

2004 58,9 30,0 24,0 90,6 90,1 55,0 a/m 75,5 65,2 50,0 50,0

2005 57,1 30,0 18,0 89,9 90,5 55,0 66,8 75,9 65,2 30,0 50,0

2006 64,5 30,0 20,0 94,1 90,8 73,9 73,6 75,2 67,6 50,0 70,0

2007 69,3 30,0 23,0 91,2 88,4 80,8 99,9 77,8 71,8 60,0 70,0

2008 69,2 35,0 28,0 90,7 81,2 85,0 100,0 71,4 71,0 70,0 60,0

2009 69,8 35,0 34,0 86.8 74,6 86,6 99,4 70,9 80,6 70,0 60,0

2010 70,4 40,0 39,0 89,1 65,3 87,9 93,7 70,2 89,1 70,0 60,0

2011 70.4 40,0 41,0 87,5 60,3 87,3 92,1 76,7 89,2 70,0 60,0

2012 69,4 40,0 38,0 87,8 55,8 86,9 92,1 74,4 89,2 70,0 60,0

2013 72,2 45,0 41,0 88,2 68,9 90,6 91,1 72,6 89,2 75,0 60,0

cxrili 4.2.5

135 wyaro: The Heritage Foundation-is oficialuri veb-gverdi



- 144 -

wlebis angariSebidaan calkeuli indikatorebis mixedviT saqarTvelosTvis

sruli monacemebia mocemuli. indeqsis zrdis tendencias ki wlebis

mixedviT gviCvenebs diagrama 4.2.3, sadac naTlad Cans grZelvadian

periodSi indeqsis gaumjobesebis procesi.

amrigad, mocemuli `Tavisuflebebi~ UurTierTkavSirSia da

mTlianobaSi qmnis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqss, romelic qveynebSi

da regionebSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dones asaxavs. saqarTveloSi

ramdenad asaxvadia mocemuli maCveneblebis realoba amas kvlevis

saSualebiT SevecdebiT avxsnaT momdevno qveTavSi.

realobidan gamomdinare saWiroa xazi gaesvas im faqts, rom àTi

Tavisufleba” mniSvnelovani da saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

dasadgenad. Tumca, aseve unda aRiniSnos, rom arasakmarisi pirobaa

44,146,5

47,9

52,5

54,3

58,356,7

58,6 58,957,1

64,5

69,3 69,2 69,8 70,4 70,469,4

72,2

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

`Heritage Foundation~-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi 1996-2013 ww saqarTvelos maCveneblebi

wyaro: The Heritage Foundation-is oficialuri veb-gverdi

saqarTvelos reitingi

- 145 -

ekonomikuri keTildReobis misaRwevad.

am da sxva problemebidan gamomdinare, vTvliT, rom marTebuli

iqneboda, ekonomikis srul formirebamde da sabazro ekonomikisTvis

damaxasiaTebeli maCveneblebis miRwevamde, mocemuli ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsis ganmsazRvrel indikatorebs gardamavali tipis

problemebis Sesatyvisad daematos sxva maCveneblebi an gafarTovdes

zogierTi maTgani. magaliTad, marTebulad miviCnevT saqarTvelos tipis

qveynebisTvis daematos Semdegi sruli an qve indikatori: pirveladi

(saxelmwifo) bazrisgan Tavisufleba, kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidrebis

Tavisufleba (SesaZlebelia sakuTrebis uflebis qveindikatorad

gansazRvra) da sakuTrebis formirebis Tavisufleba (anu saxelmwifo

sakuTrebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebis Tavisufleba).

am indikatorebis amuSavebiT (daSvebebiT) ufro srulyofili gaxdeba

gardamavali tipis qveynebisTvis ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis gansazRvra.

radgan ekonomikuri Tavisufleba efuZneba kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidrebis,

flobis da gankargis Tavisuflebebs, romlebic, Tavis mxriv, qmnian

Tavisufali gacvlis da Tavisufali konkurentuli fasebis utyuar

pirobas.

zemoT aRniSnuli pirdapir kavSirSia kriteriumebis dabal

maCveneblebTan, rogorebicaa korufciisgan Tavisufleba, saxelmwifosgan

Tavisufleba (mTavrobis Carevisgan Tavisufleba), sakuTrebis ufleba da

finansuri Tavisufleba.

g) msoflio bankis biznesis keTebis simartivis indeqsi

(Doing Business)

msoflio bankis monacemTa baza uzrunvelyofs biznesis regulirebis

da biznes garemos Sefasebas. `biznesis keTebis~ simartivis indeqss

amuSavebs saerTaSoriso safinanso korporacia - msoflio bankis erT-erTi

Semadgeneli struqtura. biznesis keTebis simartivis (Doing Business) indeqsi

ZiriTadad ikvlevs biznes garemos da orientirebulia potenciur

investorebze, raTa warmodgena qondeT sxvadasxva qveynaSi biznes

- 146 -

saqmianobis procedurebsa da perspeqtivebze136.

mocemuli indeqsi qveyndeba yovelwliur angariSebSi da oficialur

eleqtronul gverdebze (http://www.doingbusiness.org/methodology). is aCvenebs ra

damokidebuleba arsebobs ama Tu im biznesis mimarT da ra procedurebia

gasavleli qveyanaSi biznesis sawarmoeblad, rac investorebs umartivebs

gadawyvetilebis miRebas.

proeqti daiwyo 2000 wels. `Doing Business~-s pirveli angariSi

gamoqveynda 2003 wels, romelic moicavda 5 maCvenebels da 133 qveyanas

(dRemde gamocemuli aqvs 10 angariSi). mimdinare periodisTvis indeqsi ukve

moicavs 11 maCvenebels da maTi meSveobiT xorcieldeba ukve 185 qveynis

Sesabamisi monacemebis Sefaseba, es maCveneblebia:

– biznesis dawyeba;

– eleqtroenergiis miReba;

– qonebis registracia;

– TanamSromlebis daqiravebs;

– investorTa dacva;

– gadasaxadebis gadaxda;

– sagareo vaWroba;

– kontraqtebis aRsruleba;

– biznesis daxurva;

– nebarTvebi da licenziebi mSeneblobaze.

- kreditis miReba (damatebiTi maCvenebli);

- mewarmeoba (damatebiTi maCvenebli).

biznesis dawyeba. angariSis momzadebisas xdeba yvela im proceduris

aRricxva da Sefaseba, rac saWiroa komerciuli an industriuli biznesis

sawarmoeblad. informacia moicavs yvela aucilebeli nebarTvis da

licenziis miRebis SesaZleblobebs. amasTan, gaTvaliswinebulia TiToeuli

procedurisTvis saWiro dro da danaxarjebi, yvela am monacems

adastureben TiToeuli qveynis oficialuri struqturebis warmomadgenlebi


ekonomikur urTierTobaTa saxelmwifo universiteti”, samecniero Sromebis

krebuli, Tb., 2010.


http://www.doingbusiness.org/methodology


- 147 -

da iuristebi. am procesSi TiToeuli qveynidan monawileoben iuridiuli

firmebi. meTodologias gaaCnia Sesafasebeli kompaniisadmi erTiani midgoma,

rasac Seswavlas daqvemdebarebuli sawarmoebi unda akmayofilebdnen137.

gansazRvrulia garkveuli indikatorebi, romlebic aucilebelia

biznesis warmoebisTvis:

- procedura. organizaciis registraciisTvis gasavleli

procedurebis raodenoba, romelic gulisxmobs organizaciis damfuZnebels

da meore mxares (saxelmwifo moxele, iuristi, auditori, notariusi)

Soris garkveul urTierTobebs.

- dro. TiToeuli procedurisTvis daxarjuli dro gansazRvrulia

kalendaruli dReebiT. procedura dasrulebulad iTvleba maSin, rodesac

kompania miiRebs yvela saWiro dokuments.

- Rirebuleba. TiToeuli proceduris oficialuri Rirebuleba, anu

ra Tanxebi ixarjeba am procedurebSi.

- sawyisi kapitali. gulisxmobs imas, rom mwarmoebels sabanko

angariSze depozitis saxiT unda gaaCndes garkveuli Tanxa. Rirebulebis da

sawyisi kapitalis daTvlisas Tanxis odenobis Sedareba xdeba erT sul

mosaxleze arsebul SemosavlebTan.

am maCvenebelSi sakmaod kargi Sedegebi aqvs saqarTvelos, biznesis

dawyeba marTlac Zalian martivia da am maCvenebelSi yvelaze

ganviTarebuli qveynebis rigSi varT. es maCvenebeli aucilebelia, Tumca,

arasakmarisi, radgan biznesisTvis mTavaria ara mxolod registraciis

Tavisufleba aramed saqmianobis Tavisuflebac.

nebarTvebi da licenziebi mSeneblobaze. qveynebSi samSeneblo

saqmianobis dasawyebad aucilebeli nebarTvis an licenziis mopoveba,

romelic gaicema Semowmebisa da garkveuli pirobebis Sesrulebis Semdeg.

mSeneblobisTvis da Sesabamisi licenziis an nebarTvis miRebisTvis

samSeneblo kompania Sesabamis moTxovnebs unda akmayofilebdes (mocemuli

moTxovnilebis gasacnobad rekomenirebulia biznesisa da ekonomikis

137http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation%20in

dex%20and%20doing%20business.pdf



- 148 -

centris informaciis srulad gacnoba)138.

eleqtroenergiis miReba. ganixileba yvela procedurebi rac saWiroa

biznesis uwyvetobisTvis, rogoricaa kavSiris da eleqtro energiis

miwodebis uwyvetoba. aRniSnuli moicavs yvela xelSekrulebas komunaluri

momsaxurebis, agreTve manZils energiis pirvel wyarodan Sesabamis biznes

obieqtebamde. (2013 wlisTvis es maCvenebeli sakmaod maRali aqvs

saqarTvelos da is 38 qulTaa gaumjobesebuli wina periodTan SedarebiT).

TanamSromlebis daqiraveba. biznesis keTeba afasebs dasaqmebis

regulirebas, Tu rogor zemoqmedebs is TanamSromelTa ayvanaze da

ganTavisuflebaze. muSaTa dasaqmebis procesi moicavs pirovnebis

daqiravebas, SromiTi xelSekrulebis safuZvelze garkveuli pirobebis

gaTvaliswinebiT (anazRaureba, samuSao saaTebi da sxva)139.

qonebis registracia. aRiricxeba yvela is aucilebeli procedura,

romelic dakavSirebulia uZravi qonebis SeZenasTan da gadacemasTan.

samwuxarod, am maCvenebelSi uZravi qonebis SeZenaSi ZiriTadSi Sedis

`meorad bazarze~ arsebuli qoneba da mis registraciasTan dakavSirebuli

procedurebi, rac Cveni qveynis magaliTze ver asaxavs obieqtur realobas.

kreditis miReba. `biznesis keTebis simartive” adgens monacemebs

kreditorebis da debitorebis samarTlebriv uflebebze. aRiwereba

kreditebis gacems rogor uwyobs xels Tavdebobis da gakotrebis

kanonmdebloba da rogor icavs kanonmdebloba kreditorebis da

debitorebis samarTlebriv uflebebs. agreTve, fasdeba kreditebis Sesaxeb

informaciis xelmisawvdomoba da xarisxi, rogorc saxelmwifo, aseve

kerZo sakredito registrebis mxridan.

investorTa dacva. aRnisnuli fasdeba aqciaTa umciresobis

mflobelebis uflebebis dacvis mdgomareoba. gamoiyofa investorTa dacvis

3 indikatori: garigebebis gamWirvaloba (saaSkaraoze gamotanis xarisxis

indeqsi), direqtorTa uflebamosilebis xarisxis indeqsi da aqciaTa

mflobelTa uflebamosileba saWiroebis SemTxvevaSi saqme aRZran

138 http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation% 20index%20and%20doing%20business.pdf 139 http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation%2 0index%20and%20doing%20business.pdf

http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information%20of%20frazer%20index%20heritage%20foundation%25%20%0d20index%20and%20doing%20business.pdf




- 149 -

direqtorebis winaaRmdeg140.

gadasaxadebis gadaxda. am SemTxvevaSi igulisxmeba saSualo zomis

kompaniis mier wlis ganmavlobaSi gadaxdili gadasaxadi. maT Soris

administrirebis tvirTi. iangariSeba mTavrobis (biujetis) yvela doneze

gadaxdili gadasaxadi da moicavs mogebis gadasaxads, socialur

gadasaxads, qonebis gadasaxads, gadasaxads qonebis gadacemaze,

dividendebze daricxul gadasaxads, ekologiur gadasaxads da sagzao

gadasaxads.

sagareo vaWroba. am mizniT fasdeba saqonlis eqsportirebisa da

importirebis procedurebi. xdeba yvela Sesabamisi proceduris aRricxva.

saqonlis eqsportirebis procesis aRricxva da Sefaseba xorcieldeba

warmoebis adgilze saqonlis Tavdapirveli SefuTvidan sazRvris

gadakveTamde. xolo importis procedura qveynis sazRvris gadmokveTidan

sawyobamde.

kontraqtebis aRsruleba. kontraqtebis aRsrulebis indikatori

aCvenebs sasamarTlo sistemis efeqtianobas komerciuli davebis

mogvarebaSi. indikatori miiReba samoqalaqo kodeqsiT da sxva Sesabamisi

kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili procedurebis da sasamarTlos maregulirebeli

wesebis SeswavliT.

biznesis daxurva. am maCveneblis miRebisas xdeba gakotrebis drois,

Rirebulebis da Sedegebis Seswavla. imisTvis, rom gakeTdes SedarebiTi

analizi qveynebis mixedviT, gakeTebulia daSveba biznessa (kompania) da

biznesis daxurvis procesze.

yvela mocemul maCvenebelze iTvleba da angariSdeba procedurebi,

Sesabamisi saWiro dro da finansebi.

gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia ori maCvenebeli - biznesis dawyeba

saqarTveloSi sakmaod martivia, magram biznesis daxurvis procedurebia

gaZnelebuli. raodenobrivad uamravi firmaa registrirebuli (daaxloebiT

3,5 aTasi), rac gamowveulia registraciis simartiviT da biznes saqmianobis

Sewyvetis dros mravali procedurebis gamo, saqmianobis iuridiulad

140 http://www.bec.ge/images/doc/information


- 150 -

SeCerebis demotivaciiT 141 . Sesabamisad, firmebs ubralod aCereben da

ixsneba axali firmebi, xolo es gaCerebuli firmebi rCebian monacemTa

bazaSi. ekononomikuri zrdisTvis mTavaria ara ubralod firmebis

ricxovnoba, aramed moqmedi momgebiani firmebis arsebobaa142.

aqedan naTeli xdeba ratom aris saqarTveloSi mSp aseTi dabali

(mosaxleobis erT sulze), im qveynebTan mimarTebaSic ki, romlebsac am

indeqsiT daaxloebiT saqarTvelos msgavsi an ufro uaresi maCveneblebi

aqvT143.



krebuli, Tb., 2010.

http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.pdf 142 http://www.gfsis.org/index.php/ge/activities/projects/view/86/page/111/id/181/print/true 143 http://www.nplg.gov.ge/dlibrary/collect/0001/000764/New%20Microsoft%20Word%20Document.pdf


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 108,111,1 12,2

19,717,7

22,9 24,4 23,826,6

28,5

Doing Business-is ineqsis mixedviT 2013 wlissaukeTeso aTeuli

wyaro: `duing biznesis~ oficialuri veb-gverdi http://www.doingbusiness.org/

dakavebuli adgili jamuri indeqsi


http://www.gfsis.org/index.php/ge/activities/projects/view/86/page/111/id/181/print/true



- 151 -

2013 wlisTvis saqarTvelo pirveli qveyanaa postsabWoTa sivrcidan,

romelic `Doing Business~-is reitingebis pirvel aTeulSi moxda, mas me-9-e

adgili uWiravs jamuri 26.6 quliT (ix. cxrili 4.2.6 da zemoT mocemuli

diagrama 4.2.4). Tumca, is problemebi, romelzec zemod visaubreT kvlav

biznesis problemebad rCeba da biznes saqmianobis sferos Tvisuflebas

zRudavs.

`Doing Business~-is indeqsis mixedviT 2013 wlis saukeTeso aTeuli maCveneblebis mixedviT144

qveynebi

dakaveb

uli ad

gil

i

jamu

ri ind

eqsi

biz

nesis

daw

yeba

eve

d

lic

enzieb

i mS

eneblobaz

e

eleqt

roener

giis

miR

eba

TanamS

roml

ebis

daqir

aveba

qoneb

is r

egis

trac

ia

investorTa d

acva

gad

asax

adeb

is g

adax

da

sag

areo

vaWroba

kont

raqt

ebis

aR

sruleb

a

biz

nesis

dax

urva

singapuri 1 8.1 4 2 5 36 12 2 5 1 12 2

honkongi 2 11.1 6 1 4 60 4 3 4 2 10 17 axali zelandia 3 12.2 1 6 32 2 4 1 21 25 17 13

aSS 4 19.7 13 17 19 25 4 6 69 22 6 16

dania 5 17.7 33 8 14 6 23 32 13 4 34 10

norvegia 6 22.9 43 23 14 7 70 25 19 21 4 3 gaerTianebuli samefo 7 24.4 19 20 62 73 1 10 16 14 21 8

korea, sam. 8 23.8 24 26 3 75 12 49 30 3 2 14

saqarTvelo 9 26.6 7 3 50 1 4 19 33 38 30 81

avtralia 10 28.5 2 11 36 37 4 70 48 44 15 18

cxrili 4.2.6

144 wyaro: `Doing Business~-is oficialuri veb-gverdi.

http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings

http://www.doingbusiness.org/rankings

- 152 -

g) msoflio ekonomikuri forumis globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi

(World Economic Forum)

msoflio ekonomikuri forumi damoukidebeli saerTaSoriso

organizaciaa (adgilsamyofeli SveiCaria, Jeneva), romelic muSaobs sxva

uamrav mimarTulebasTan erTad msoflio ekonomikebis

konkurentunarianobis amaRlebaze.

`msoflio ekonomikuri forumis globaluri konkurentunarianobis

indeqsi~ iTvlis 144 qveynis ekonomikas, 127 maxasiTeblis mixedviT TiToeul

qveyanas eniWeba Sesabamisi sareitingo qula miRebuli Sedegebis mixedviT.

sakmaod mravlricxovani maxasiaTeblebiT sxva indeqsebTan SedarebiT is

gacilebiT ukeT asaxavs qveynebis konkurentunarianobis da rasakvirvelia

ekonomikur Tavisuflebasac145.

ekonomikis profesori x. sola-a-martini (kolumbiis universiteti

aSS) ambobs, rom `globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi aris fanjara

grZelvadiani tendenciebisa, romelic ayalibebs msoflio ekonomikis

konkurentunarianobas. aqedan gamomdinare vTvliT, rom gvTavazobs

sasargeblo informacias gansakuTrebul sferoebSi, sadac qveynebma unda

imoqmedon, Tu maT surT saqmianobis optimizacia, romelic samomavlod

gansazRvravs maT ekonmikur momavals~146.

konkurentunarianobis indeqsi moicavs rogorc mikro aseve makro

maCveneblebs. is iTvlis da gansazRvravs sazogadoebis keTildReobis

faqtorebs. Sesabamisad, sakmaod sainteresoa mocemuli indeqsis mixedviT

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis damokidebuleba ekonomikuri zrdis

maCveneblebTan. radgan ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis Sedegad miiReba

Tavisufali konkurencia anu konkurenciiTvis Tavisufali garemo.

mimdinare 2012-2013 wlis angariSSi kvlav Sveicaria liderobs, xolo

saqarTvelo mniSvnelovnad aumjobesebs sareitingo maCvenebels (11 punqtiT),

Tumca, sxva ekonomikuri indeqsebisgan gansxvavebiT is mxolod 77-e adgils

145 http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitiveness-report-2010-2011-0 146 http://www.weforum.org/news/persisting-divides-global-competitiveness-switzerland-singapore-and-

finland-top-competitiveness


http://www.weforum.org/news/persisting-divides-global-competitiveness-switzerland-singapore-and-finland-top-competitiveness


- 153 -

ikavebs. cxrilSi 4.2.7 SegviZlia vixiloT saukeTeso sareitingo

maCveneblis mqone 20 qveyana da saqarTvelo 147 , dakavebuli adgilebis

cvlilebebi 2011-2012 da 2012-2013 wlebis mixedviT. mocemuli TvalsaCinodaa

gamosaxuli diagramaSi 4.2.5, sadac uaryofiTi niSniTaa ramdenime mowinave

qveyana, maT Soris aSS.

globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi, 2012-2013 ww da 2011-2012 ww angariSebiT saukeTeso oceuli da saqarTvelo148

2012-2013 ww 2011-2012 ww Qqveynebis ekonomikebi adgili

sareitingo angariSi adgili cvlileba

Sveicaria 1 5.72 1 0

singapuri 2 5.67 2 0

finlandia 3 5.55 4 1

SvedeTi 4 5.53 3 -1

holandia 5 5.50 7 2

germania 6 5.48 6 0

aSS 7 5.47 5 -2

gaerTianebuli samefo 8 5.45

10 2

honkongi 9 5.41 11 2

iaponoia 10 5.40 9 -1

yatari 11 5.38 14 3

dania 12 5.29 8 -4

taivani (Cin.) 13 5.28 13 0

kanada 14 5.27 12 -2

norvegia 15 5.27 16 1

Aaustria 16 5.22 19 3

Bbelgia 17 5.21 15 -2

saudis arabeTi 18 5.19 17 -1

korea, smx. 19 5.12 24 5

Avstralia 20 5.12 20 0

saqarTvelo 77 4.07 88 11

cxrili 4.2.7

147 http://www.weforum.org/reports/global-competitiveness-report-2010-2011-0 148 wyaro: `msoflio ekonomikuri forumis~ oficialuri veb-gverdi

www.weforum.org/gcr


http://www.weforum.org/gcr

- 154 -

èkonomikebis~ 127 maxasiaTebeli erTiandeba maCveneblebSi,

Sesabamisad globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi Sedgeba 12

maCveneblisgan:

1. saxelmwifo, sazogadoebrivi da kerZo dawesebulebebis ganviTarebis

xarisxi;

2. satransporto, energetikuli da telekomunikaciis infrastruqtura;

3. makroekonomikuri stabiluroba;

4. jandacva da dawyebiTi ganaTleba;

5. umaRlesi ganaTleba da profesiuli momzadeba;

6. saqonlisa da momsaxurebis bazris efeqtianoba;

7. Sromis bazris efeqtianoba;

8. finansuri bazris ganviTareba;

9. axali teqnologiebiT aRWurva (teqnologiuri mzaoba);

1 2 4 3 7 6 5 10 11 9 148 13 12 16 19 15 17

24 20

88

0 0 1

-1

2 0

-2

2 2

-1

3

-4

0

-2

1 3

-2 -1

50

11

globaluri konkurentunarianobis 2012-2013 ww indeqsis da sareitingo adgilebis cvlileba 2011-2012 ww

mimarTebaSi (pirveli oceuli da saqarTvelo)

wyaro: `msoflio ekonomikuri forumis~ oficialuri veb-gverdi| www.weforum.org/gcr

wina wlis adgili cvlileba

- 155 -

10. bazris sidide;

11. biznesis ganviTarebis done;

12. inovaciebi149.

amrigad, 144 qveynis mixedviT saqarTvelos maCveneblebSi Semdegi

maCveneblebi aqvs.

1. institutebi (4.00 qula) – 61-e adgili. moicavs 22 indikators,

romlis mixedviT saqarTvelos yvelaze kargi pozicia (me-9 adgili 4,6

quliT) mTavrobis regulaciebis simZimes uWiravs, agreTve kargi

poziciebiaa samTavrobo xarjebis diversificirebaSi. araregularuli

gadaxdebis da qrTamis, investorTa dacva, policiis momsaxurebis

saimedooba, xolo yvelaze susti 3,1 quliT da 131-e adgilze sakuTrebis

uflebaa.

2. infrastruqtura (4.35 qula) – 53-e adgili. moicavs 9 indikators.

Zlieri poziciaa (41-e adgili 4.0 qula) rkinigzis infrastruqturis

xarisxi. susti poziciaa (110-e adgili 29.4) adgili qveynis teritoriis

xelmisawvdomoba aviaxazebiT150.

3. makroekonomikuri garemo (4.40 qula) – 88-e adgili. moicavs 5

indikators. saxelmwifo biujetis balansi, %-uli damokidebuleba mSp-Tan

(-0,9 qula 37 adgili); xolo sxva maCveneblebSi susti poziciebia, mTliani

erovnuli danazogi, %-uli damokidebuleba mSp-Tan (10.9 qula 122 adgili);

inflacia, wliuri %-uli cvlileba (8.5 qula 115 adgili); grZelvadiani

mTavrobis vali, %-uli damokidebuleba mSp-Tan (33.9 qula 53 adgili);

qveynis sakredito reitingi (35.7 qula 91 adgili)151.

4. janmrTeloba da dawyebiTi ganaTleba (5.79 qula) – 61-e adgili.

moicavs 10 indikators. wamyvani pozicia me-7 adgiliT dawyebiTi ganaTlebis

xelmisawvdomobis maCvenebels ukavia (99.6-qula), xolo susti pozicia

149 http://www.weforum.org/news/persisting-divides-global-competitiveness-switzerland-singapore-and-

finland-top-competitiveness http://www.radiotavisupleba.ge/content/article/24331224.html

150 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf 151 CuTlaSvili a., `globaluri konkurentunarianoba da saqarTvelo~, `Tbilisis


krebuli, Tb., 2010.gv. 5-7.

http://www.weforum.org/news/persisting-divides-global-competitiveness-switzerland-singapore-and-%20finland-top-competitiveness

http://www.weforum.org/news/persisting-divides-global-competitiveness-switzerland-singapore-and-%20finland-top-competitiveness


http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf

- 156 -

tuberkulozis SemTxvevebi/100.000 kacze (107,0 qula, 96 adgili)152.

5. umaRlesi ganaTleba da profesiuli momzadeba (3.82 qula) – 93-e

adgili. aerTianebs 8 indikators, romelSic saukeTesoa, internetis

xelmisawdomoba skolebSi (4,3 qula, 65 adgili) kvlevis da satreiningo

momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba (3.3 qula, 119 adgili).

6. saqonlisa da momsaxurebis bazris efeqtianoba (4.18 qula) – 82-e

adgili. aerTianebs 16 indikators. aRniSnul maxasiaTebelTa sistemaSi

saqarTvelos maRali aqvs biznesis dawyebisaTvis saWiro dReebi (2 qula, me-

2 adgili), xolo sakmaod susti pozicia soflis meurneobis politikis

xarjebi (3.1 qula, 128 adgili) da antimonopoliuri politikis efeqtianoba

(2.9 qula, 141 adgili).

7. Sromis bazris efeqtianoba (4.67 qula) – 35-e adgili. moicavs 8

indikators. kargi poziciaa samuSaoze miRebisa da gaTavisuflebis praqtika

(5.0 qula, me-9 adgili), sisustea tvinebis gadineba (3.0 qula, 104-e adgili).

8. finansuri bazris ganviTarebuloba (3.79 qula) – 93-e adgili. aq

gaerTianebulia 8 indikatori. kargi maCvenebeli gvaqvs iuridiuli

uflebebis indeqsiT (saukeTeso maCvenebelia 0-dan 10-mde) (24 qula, me-8

adgili), dabali pozicia dafinansebis done adgilobrivi safondo bazris

meSveobiT (2.4 qula, 126-e adgili)153.

9. teqnologiuri ganviTarebis done (3.71 qula) 76-e adgili,

aerTianebs 7 indikators. aqedan SedarebiT ukeTesi maCvenebeli farTo

xelmowerebi abonentebis (mobiluri)/100 kacze. (20.5 qula, 48-e adgili),

dabali maCvenebeli gvaqvs firmebis mier teqnologiebis aTvisebis donis

mxriv (4.0 qula, me-123 adgili)154.

10. adgilobrivi bazris masStabebi (2.87 qula) – 99-e adgili,

aerTianebs 2 indikators. Sesabamisad gvaqvs Sida bazris zomis indeqsi,

(2.7 qula, 96-e adgili) da sagareo bazarze zomis indeqsi (3.2 qula, 114

adgili).

152 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf 153 CuTlaSvili a., - `globaluri konkurentunarianoba da saqarTvelo~, `Tbilisis


krebuli, Tb., 2010.gv. 5-7. 154 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf



- 157 -

11. biznesis warmoebis siZnele (3.40 qula) – 113–e adgili,

aerTianebs 9 indikators, 155 SedarebiT maRali maCvenebli bunebriv

konkurentuli upiratesoba (3.3 qula, 81 adgili), dabalia adgilobrivi

mimwodebelTa raodenoba (3.7 qula, 137-e adgili). am maCveneblidan

gamomdinare sainteresoa msoflio ekonomikuri forumis mier warmodgenili

`biznesis keTebis~ problemuri faqtorebi, romlebic warmodgenilia

diagramaSi 4.2.6.

12. inovaciebi (2.60 qula) – 126-e adgili, moicavs 7 indikators.

SedarebiT Zlieri poziciaa yovel milion mosaxleze patentebis

efeqtianoba (1.5 qula, me-60 adgili) da dabali pozicia gvikavia samecniero

155 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_GlobalCompetitivenessReport_2012-13.pdf

mTavrobis arastabiluroba

24%

biurokratiuli da araefeqturi

mTavroba22%cudi

sazogadoebrivi jandacva

20%

korufcia13%

SezRuduli Sromis

Sinaganawesi12%

valutis regulireba

8%

danaSauli da qurdoba

1%

biznesis keTebis yvelaze problemuri faqtorebi

wyaro: `msoflio ekonomikuri forumis~ oficialuri veb-gverdiwww.weforum.org/gcr


- 158 -

kvleviTi dawesebulebebis xarisxis mixedviT (2.6 qula, 125-e adgili)156.

globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi gviCvenebs im ZiriTad

faqtorebs da maxasiaTeblebs, romlebic biznesis keTebas aferxebs

saqarTveloSi. iseve rogorc biznesis keTebis simartivesa da sxva zemoT

ganxilul indeqsebSi erT-erT mZime problemad gvevlineba sakuTrebis

ufleba, rac niSnavs, rom erT-erTi mTavari faqtori ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebisa kerZo sakuTreba problematikuria, Sesabamisad arc isaa

gasakviri, rom makroekonomikuri garemos TvalsazrisiT qveynis sakredito

reitingi sakmaod dabalia.

sakmaod paradoqsulia roca samuSaoze miRebis da ganTavisuflebis

praqtikaSi maRali Sefaseba gvaqvs, magram amavdrulad qveynidan tvinebis

(kvalificiuri muSaxelis) gadinebis udidesi problema fiqsirdeba,

mocemuli swored ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dabali doniTaa

ganpirobebuli, rac e.w. ùCinari fexis~ meSveobiT ekonomikuri motiviT

uzrunvelyofs mosaxleobis migracias.

aqtivebze sakuTrebis problemebis gamoZaxilia agreTve Zalze dabali

pozicia adgilobrivi safondo bazris meSveobiT finansebis brunvisa da

dafinasebis dabali done. rasakvirvelia Tu safondo bazarze (birJaze)

vaWroba ar mimdinareobs, finasuri brunvac ar iqneba, xolo birJaze

vaWrobas aferxebs sakuTrebis mxriv aqtivebis jer kidev gaurkvevel

mdgomareobaSi yofna.

TiTqmis yvela sxva danarCeni dabali maCveneblebi dabali

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gamoZaxilia da zemoT CamoTvlili (sakuTrebis

problema, safondo bazris da a.S) problemebidan gamomdinareobs.

mocemul indeqsebi da arsebuli monacemebi, romlebic mokled

davaxasiaTeT rasakvirvelia zegavlenas axdenen makroekonomikur

maCveneblebze da Sesabamisad ekonomikur zrdasa da sazogadoebis

keTildReobaze. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare momdevno qveTavSi ganvixilavT

ekonomikuRi Tavisuflebis indeqsebis da ekonomikuri zrdis mTavari

faqtoris mSp-is urTierT damokidebulebis tendenciebs.

156 CuTlaSvili a., `globaluri konkurentunarianoba da saqarTvelo~, `Tbilisis


krebuli, Tb., 2010.gv. 5-7.

- 159 -

4.3 ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebisa da mSp-is

urTierTdamokidebulebis analizi

mocemul qveTavSi warmodgenilia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebsa (`frezeris instituti~da `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~)

da ekonomikuri zrdis mTavar maCvenebels mSp-is urTierTdamokidebulebis

kvleva, rogorc saqarTvelos aseve msoflios sxvadasxva qveynis magaliTze.

kvlevis farglebSi SerCeuli iqna msoflios 12 sxvadasxva qveyana

da saqarTvelo, es qveynebia: singapuri, Sveicaria, aSS, estoneTi, Ggermania,

litva, smxreT korea, somxeTi, tailandi, senegali, togo, Cadi da

saqarTvelo (ix. cxrili 4.3.8 da cxrili 4.3.10).

mocemuli qveynebi ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis indeqsebis mixedviT

ikaveben sxvadasxva pozicias da Sesabamisad gaaCniaT sxvadasxva reitingi.

SerCevis erT-erT kriteriumad gavitvaliswineT sakvlev qveyanaTa rigSi

unda moqceuliyo ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis maCveneblebis

Sesabamisad yvela jgufis warmomadgeneli. amrigad, qveynebis CamonaTvalSi

ganTavsda rogorc mowinave, aseve saSualo da dabali maCveneblebis mqone

qveynebic. garda amisa, sakvlevi qveynebi SeZlebisdagvarad SerCeul iqna

sxvadasxva regionebidan.

SerCeuli qveynebidan umravlesoba sididis da bunebriv-ekonomikuri

potencialiT metwilad Seesatyviseba saqarTvelos potencialur

ekonomikur SesaZleblobebs (teritoria, adgilmdebareoba, mosaxleoba da

sxv.), sakvlev arealSi ganvixileT postsabWoTa sivrcis qveynebic (litva,

estoneTi, somxeTi). amiT SedarebiTi analizis safuZvelze ukeT

gamovavlinoT saqarTvelos potenciuri SesaZleblobebi ara mxolod

ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis reitingebiT, aramed mSp-is zrdis potenciuri

SesaZleblobiTac.

qveynebis CamonaTvalSi moqceulia iseTi qveynebic (aSS, germania)

romelebsac sadReisod ara mxolod reitingebSi ukaviaT maRali pozicia,

aramed msoflio ekonomikis mTavar moTamaSeebsac warmoadgenen.

kvlevis Sesabamisad gvinda avxsnaT saqarTvelos realoba, sadac arc

Tu ise maRalia ekonomikuri keTildReobis maCvenebeli (mSp 1 sulze). riTaa

gamowveuli, rom mas ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsiT ufro maRali

- 160 -

reitingi aqvs, vidre masze ekonomikuri keTildReobis ukeTesi

maCveneblebis mqone qveynebs? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad, upirveles

yovlisa, gavaanalizoT ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi qveynebis

mixedviT (ix. cxrili 4.3.8)

`Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi 2000-2013 wlebSi sakvlevi qveynebis mixedviT157

adgili 2013 w 2 5 10 13 19 21 22 34 38 61 116 158 172

qveyneb

i

sin

gapuri

S

veic

aria

aSS

estoneTi

ger

mani

a

s

aqar

Tvelo

lit

va

korea, smx

somx

eTi

tailandi

seneg

ali

togo

Cadi

2000 87.7 76.8 76.4 69.9 65.7 54.3 61.9 69.7 63 66.6 58.9 46.4 46.8

2001 87.8 76 79.1 76.1 69.5 58.3 65.5 69.1 66.4 68.9 58.7 45.3 46.4

2002 87.4 79.3 78.4 77.6 70.4 56.7 66.1 69.5 68 69.1 58.6 45.2 49.2

2003 88.2 79 78.2 77.7 69.7 58.6 69.7 68.3 67.3 65.8 58.1 46.8 52.6

2004 88.9 79.5 78.7 77.4 69.5 58.9 72.4 67.8 70.3 63.7 58.9 47 53.1

2005 88.6 79.3 79.9 75.2 68.1 57.1 70.5 66.4 69.8 62.5 57.9 48.2 52.1

2006 88 78.9 81.2 74.9 70.8 64.5 71.8 67.5 70.6 63.3 56.2 47.3 50

2007 87.1 78 81.2 78 70.8 69.3 71.5 67.8 68.6 63.5 58.1 49.7 50.1

2008 87.3 79.5 81 77.9 70.6 69.2 70.9 68.6 69.9 62.3 58.3 48.9 47.8

2009 87.1 79.4 80.7 76.4 70.5 69.8 70 68.1 69.9 63 56.3 48.7 47.5

2010 86.1 81.1 78 74.7 71.1 70.4 70.3 69.9 69.2 64.1 54.6 47.1 47.5

2011 87.2 81.9 77.8 75.2 71.8 70.4 71.3 69.8 69.7 64.7 55.7 49.1 45.3

2012 87.5 81.1 76.3 73.2 71 69.4 71.5 69.9 68.8 64.9 55.4 48.3 44.8

2013 88 81 76 75.3 72.8 72.2 72.1 70.3 69.4 64.1 55.5 48.8 45.2

cxrili 4.3.8

157 `Heritage Foundation~-is oficialuri veb-gverdi



- 161 -

amasTan `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation-is ekonomikuri

Tvisuflebis indeqsi”-s da `frezeris institutis ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsi”-s sareitingo maCveneblebs SevadarebT mSp-is zrdis

maCveneblebTan. Sesabamisad, Sedarebis gasamartiveblad mocemuli qveynebis

mSp-is maCvenebeli gadaviyvanT kumlatiur koificientSi, xolo kumlatiur

mSp-is koleracia movaxdineT ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsTan

(sabaziso wlebis monacemebTan). qveynebs Soris Sesadarisobis

TvalsaCinoebisa da analizis aRqmadobis gasaadvileblad miRebuli

Sedegebi gamovsaxeT diagramebis saxiT.

vinaidan èkonomikuri Tvisuflebis indeqsebis” kvleviTi angariSebi

eyrdnoba ori wlis winandel monacemebs, mSp-is monacemebis Sedarebas

movaxdenT angariSebis sabaziso welTan. mSp-is zrdis tendencia qveynebis

mixedviT asaxulia cxrilSi 4.3.9.

realuri mSp-s zrda 1998-2011 wlebSi (sakvlevi qveynebis mixedviT)158

wlebi 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

aSS 4.4 4.8 4.1 1.1 1.8 2.5 3.5 3.1 2.7 1.9 -0 -3.1 2.4 1.8

Cadi 7 -0.7 -0.9 11.7 8.5 14.7 33.6 7.9 0.2 0.2 1.7 -1.2 13 1.8

estoneTi 6.7 -0.3 10 7.5 7.9 7.8 6.3 8.9 10.1 7.5 -4 -14.3 2.3 7.6

saqarTvelo 2.9 3 1.9 4.7 5.5 11.1 5.9 9.6 9.4 12.3 2.3 -3.8 6.3 7.2

germania 1.7 1.7 3.3 1.6 0 -0.4 0.7 0.8 3.9 3.4 0.8 -5.1 4 3.1

Kkorea, sam. -5.7 10.7 8.8 4 7.2 2.8 4.6 4 5.2 5.1 2.3 0.3 6.3 3.6

Llitva 7.6 -1.1 3.3 6.7 6.8 10.3 7.4 7.8 7.8 9.8 2.9 -14.8 1.4 5.9

senegal 5.9 6.3 3.2 4.6 0.7 6.7 5.9 5.6 2.4 5 3.7 2.1 4.1 2.6

singapuri -2.2 6.2 9 -1.2 4.2 4.6 9.2 7.4 8.8 8.9 1.7 -1 14.8 4.9

Sveicaria 2.7 1.4 3.7 1.2 0.2 0 2.4 2.7 3.8 3.8 2.2 -1.9 3 1.9

tailandi -10.5 4.4 4.8 2.2 5.3 7.1 6.3 4.6 5.1 5.1 2.6 -2.3 7.8 0.1

togo -2.3 2.6 -1 -1.6 -0.9 5 2.1 1.2 4.1 2.3 2.4 3.5 4 4.9

somxeTi 6.3 3.2 5.9 9.5 14.8 14.1 10.5 14.1 13.2 13.7 6.9 -14.1 2.1 4.6

cxrili 4.3.9

158 wyaro: msoflios savaluto fondis oficialuri veb-gverdi.



- 162 -

qveynebis monacemTa Sedarebis Sedegad ~Wall Street Journal & The Heritage

Foundation~-s ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis da mSp-Tan koleraciT

(SedarebiT), sxvadasxva qveynasTan mimarTebaSi miviReT gansxvavebuli

suraTi, rogorc naCvenebia diagramaSi 4.3.7-i 159 . Tumca, saerTo

maxasiaTebliT qveynebi ZiriTadSi orad, uaryofiTi korelaciis da

dadebiTi koleraciis mixedviTaa dayofili.

rigi qveynebisTvis (saqarTvelo, aSS, senegali, somxeTi, estoneTi,

159 wyaro: msoflios savaluto fondis da Hheritage-is oficialuri veb-gverdebi.

http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php http://www.heritage.org/index/download

-0,27-0,24

-0,15

-0,07-0,01 0,00

0,14 0,14 0,150,20

0,26

0,42

0,58

-0,40

-0,30

-0,20

-0,10

0,00

0,10

0,20

0,30

0,40

0,50

0,60

0,70

korelacia realur mSp-s zrdasa da heritage-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqs Soris 159



- 163 -

Cadi da togo) korelaciis koificienti aris dadebiTi niSniT, rac

niSnavs imas, rom mocemul qveynebSi ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis indeqsis

cvla iwvevs mSp-s cvlilebas Sesabamisi qveynisTvis dafiqsirebuli

korelaciuli maCveneblis Sesabamisad (uaryofiTis SemTxveveSi klebas,

dadebiTis SemTxvevaSi zrdas).

qveynebi, romlebic korelaciis uaryofiTi niSniT arian, `Wall Street

Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsiT ikaveben

sakmaod maRal sareitingo adgils (tailandi, Sveicaria, smxreT korea,

singapuri, litva). es niSnavs imas, rom mocemuli ekonomikuri poziciebidan

mSp-is cvlilebas ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis cvlileba ver iwvevs.

es imiT aixsneba, rom es qveynebi imyofebian eqstensiuri zrdis pikze da

miaRwies maqsimalur maCvenebels `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsSi Semavali faqtorebis gamoyenebis mxriv

da am maCveneblebis amaRleba ekonomikur zrdaze zegavlenas veRar axdens.

germanias korelaciis maCvenebeli aqvs `nulovani~. aqedan

gamomdinare, is arcerT jgufs ar ganekuTvneba, qveyanas sadReisod

Tavisuflebis indeqsis mixedviT mdgradi mdgomareoba ukavia da am

reitingis gaumjobeseba gamoiwvevs korelaciis maCveneblis uaryofiT

damokidebulebas da reitingis gauareseba dadebiTs. Sesabamisad SeiZleba

iTqvs, rom germanias am periodisTvis uWiravs oqros Sualedi.

rac Seexeba dadebiTi korelaciis mqone qveynebis jgufs, am

jgufidan damatebiTi SekiTxvebi SesaZlebelia gaCndes aSS-Tan

dakavSirebiT, romelsac dadebiTi korelacia aqvs da Sesabamisad niSnavs,

rom ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis sareintingo maCveneblebis

amaRleba mSp-is gazrdis TvalsazrisiT dadebiT Sdegs gamoiRebs.

miuxedavad imisa, rom aSS-is ekonomika msoflioSi mowinavea da

ekonomikuri ganviTarebis maRali maCveneblebi gaaCnia, bolo wlebis

manZilze SeiniSneba misi mkveTri daqveiTeba ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis

reitingebSi, rac gamowveulia rigi regulaciebiTa da mkacri ekonomikuri

politikiT, romlis gatarebac aSS-s mTavrobebs bolo aTeuli wlis

ganmavlobaSi mouwia (teroristuli saSiSroebis gamo kontroli, safondo

vaWrobis SezRudvebis gaxmaurebuli politika da a.S). aRniSulidan

gamomdinare, mimdinare periodisTvis aSS-Si mSp–is zrdisTvis dadebiTi

- 164 -

mniSvneloba eqneba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsSi Semavali

komponentebis amaRlebas.

mocemulis TvalsaCinod SegviZlia aSS-Si mSp-is zrdisa da

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis cvlilebis monacemebi gamovsaxoT

diagramis 4.3.8 saxiT, sadac naTlad Cans bolo wlebis sareitingo

maCveneblebis stagnacia, agreTve mSp-is zrdis Senelebac.

aSS-Si ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis sareitingo maCvenebeli

2004 wlidan moyolebuli mudmivi klebadi temdenciisaa, rac ufro

mkveTrad SeiniSneba 2007-2011 wlebSi. rac Sexeba mSp-is zrdis tempis

Senelebas, es damaxaiaTebelia intensiuri ekonomikuri zrdis qveynebis

ekonomikisTvis, xolo mniSvnelovani daqveiTebebi ZiriTadad SesaZlebelia

70,0

75,0

80,0

85,0

90,0

95,0

100,0

105,0

110,0

aSS-s mSp-is da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi 1998-2011 wlebSi

wyaro: msoflios savaluto fondis da Hheritage-is oficialuri veb-gverdebi. http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php


ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi

mSp

- 165 -

davabraloT msoflio krizisul Sokebs 2007-2008 wlebSi. 160 Tumca, aSS-s

Sokebamdec gaaCnia Senelebis tendencia, rac ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsis klebis saxiT asaxulia diagramaSi 4.3.8.

zemo xsenebuli gvaZlevs safuZvels vivaraudoT, rom ekonomikuri

Tvisuflebis daqveiTeba (ara mxolod Tavisuflebis indeqsebSi) gamomwvevia

ekonomikuri zrdis daqveiTebis, miuxedavad qveynis sididisa da ekonomikuri

simZlavrisa.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos mSp-is zrdas, procentuli maCvenebeli

sakmaod maRali aqvs ganviTarebul qveynebTan SedarebiT (garda 2008-2009

wlebisa, rac msoflio ekonomikuri Sokebis periods emTxveva), xolo mSp-s

raodenobrivi sidide bevrad CamorCeba im ganviTarebul qveynebs, romlebic

masStabebiT Seesatyvisebian saqarTvelos (postsabWoTa qveynebidan saSualo

wliuri zrdis tempiT CamovrCebiT litvas da estoneTs). Sesabamisad

ekonomikuri keTildReobis mTavari maCvenebelic _ mSp-i 1 sul mosaxleze

dabalia. miuxedavad amisa `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s

ekonomikuri Tavisjuflebis indeqsis reitingSi, mudmivad zrdadi

monacemebi gvaqvs, rac mkveTrad Cans diagramaze 4.3.9, sadac

saqarTvelosaTan erTad ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis tendenciis

SedarebisTvis kvlevaSi ganxiluli qveynebis maCvenebelebicaa asaxuli.

indeqsis mkveTri zrda SesaZlebeli aixsnas mxolod mocemul indeqsis mier

saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis arasrulfasovani SefasebiT.

mSp-is da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis korelaciisas

saqarTvelos aqvs dadebiTi monacemi (0.14). es niSnavs, rom ekonomikuri

Tvisuflebis indeqsis maCveneblebis 1%-iT gaumjobesebaAMMmSp aumjobesebs

O0.14%-iT. amrigad, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis maxasiaTeblebis

gaumjobeseba dadebiTad aisaxeba ekonomikuri zrdis mTvari maCveneblis

mSp-is zrdaSi.

miuxedavad imisa, rom mxolod `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis reitingis gaumjobeseba ar aris

sakmarisi piroba mdgradi ekonomikuri zrdisTvis, is warmoadgens dadebiT

xelSemwyob faqtors eonomikuri keTildReobis gasaumjobeseblad. sxva

160 http://www.imf.org/external/datamapper/index.php


- 166 -

sakiTxia saqarTvelo Tu sxva qveynebi ramdenad iyeneben am ekonomkuri

Tavisuflebis indeqs ekonomikuri politikis dagegmvisas.

rogorc wina qveTavebSi avxseniT saqarTvelos realobidan

gamomdinare, Tu daemateba an gafarTovdeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebis Sesabamisi kriteriumebi Cveni qveynis specifikis Sesabamisad, es

gaaumjobesebs Sefasebis indikatorebs da Cvens realobasTn metad

daaxloebul Tavisuflebis indeqss miviRebT, rac waadgeba saxelmwifo

ekonomikur politikas. vinaidan ~Heritage-is indeqsSi àTi Tavisuflebidan~

dabali maCveneblebi gvaqvs, korufciisgan Tavisuflebis, saxelmwifosgan

Tavisuflebis (mTavrobis Carevisgan Tavisufleba), aseve yvelaze mTavar

sakuTrebis uflebis da finansuri Tavisuflebis mxriv.

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

Heritage Foundation-s ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi qveynebis mixedviT (2000-2013 ww)

wyaro: Hheritage-is oficialuri veb-gverdi. http://www.heritage.org/index/download

singapuri

Sveicaria

aSS

estoneTi

saqarTvelo

litva

somxeTi

tailandi

senegali

togo

Cadi

- 167 -

damatebiTi indikatorebi daexmareba ekonomikuri politikis

gamtarebel uwyebebs qondeT ufro realuri informacia, ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis asamaRleblad, ekonomikuri keTildReobisa da ekonomikuri

zrdis gasaumjobeseblad.

sakvlevi qveynebis mSp-is monacemTa korelacia movaxdineT agreTve

`frezeris institutis~ ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsTan mimartebaSi

(ix. cxrili 4.3.10), vinaidan frezeris institutis Sefasebis kriteriumebi (5

komponenti da 10 baliani sistema aqvs) 161 da maT Soris miRebuli jamuri

Ffrezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi 2000-2013 ww sakvlevi qveynebis mixedviT162

ret ingi qveynebi 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

2 singapuri 8.53 8.44 8.66 8.57 8.57 8.82 8.75 8.79 8.75 8.73 8.69

4 Sveicaria 8.39 8.14 8.28 8.26 8.21 8.07 8.07 8.11 7.91 7.93 8.69

18 aSS 8.45 8.23 8.22 8.17 8.15 8.07 8.01 8.08 7.89 7.58 7.69

14 estoneTi 7.36 7.42 7.50 7.58 7.57 7.84 7.81 7.77 7.55 7.45 7.74

28 litva 6.28 6.32 6.77 6.74 6.68 7.11 7.09 7.15 7.08 7.02 7.54

34 germania 7.52 7.31 7.39 7.71 7.65 7.64 7.60 7.54 7.47 7.45 7.52

35 somxeTi - - - - 6.46 6.55 6.83 7.17 7.12 7.15 7.42

37 korea, smx. 6.58 6.90 7.00 7.09 7.18 7.36 7.52 7.56 7.39 7.37 7.4

42 saqarTvelo - - - 6.4 6.7 7.1 7.29 7.25 7.47 7.36 7.34

87 tailandi 6.52 6.20 6.67 6.66 6.68 6.92 7.02 7.04 7.04 6.96 6.7

123 senegali 5.90 5.72 5.81 5.70 5.73 5.70 5.61 5.67 5.56 5.67 5.88

133 togo 6.52 6.20 6.67 6.66 6.68 6.92 7.02 7.04 7.04 6.96 5.59

136 Cadi 5.47 5.95 6.06 5.95 5.83 5.69 5.77 5.37 5.28 5.63 5.41

cxrili 4.3.10

161 http://www.heritage.org/index/about 162 wyaro: `frezeris instituti~-s oficialuri veb-gverdi. http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php

http://www.heritage.org/index/about


- 168 -

qulebis cifrobrivi sididec gansxvavedeba `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage

Foundation~-s indeqsisgan. garda amisa, monacemTa korelaciisas ar

gamoviyeneT mSp-is

kumlatiuri (cifrebs Soris gansxvavebis urTierT Sesatyvis sidideSi

gadayvana) maCveneblebi aramed pirdapir ganvaxorcieleT MmSp-is

maCveneblebis Sedareba frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsTan.

amrigad, `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsisagan gansxvaevebiT, `frezeris institutis~

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis da mSp-is korelaciisas gansxvavebuli

Sedegi miviReT, risi axsnac ori mTavari mizeziT SeiZleba: pirveli

aRniSnul or indeqs aqvs Sefasebis gansxvavebuli sistema, ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis sxvadasxva ideqs sxvadasxva damokidebuleba aqvs

faqtorebisadmi, amitomac koleraciis Sedegebi identuri ar aRmoCnda;

meore Cveni kvlevis droiTi periodi gacilebiT mcirea (2000_2010 ww)

gansakuTrebiT saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi (maT Soris somxeTic), vinaidan

2004 welidan monacemebi ar arsebobs.163

mxolod zemoT aRniSnuliT SeiZleba aixsnas Tu ratom aRmoCndnen

rigi Qqveynebi pirvel SemTxvevaSi uaryofiTi niSniT da meore SemTxvevaSi

dadaebiTi korelaciis niSniT (diagrama 4.3.10).

amrigad, realuri mSp-is zrdasa da `frezeris institutis

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi~-s korelacisas, dadebiTi maCvenebliT

aRmoCndnen singapuri, Sveicaria, aSS, estoneTi, Ggermania maT Soris togo

da Cadic. xolo uaryofiTi damokidebulebiT (korelaciiT) litva, smxreT

korea, somxeTi, tailandi, senegali da saqarTvelo.

Tu gavaanalizebT 2000-2010 wlebSi reluri mSp-is zrdis da

frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis indeqsis maCveneblebs,

ikveTeba Semdegi tendencia: yvela qveyanas, romelsac gaCnia ineqsis jaWvis

naklebad gamoxatuli cvlilebis tendencia aseTi qveynebi xasiTdebian

dadebiTi koleraciis maCvenebliT mSp-is mimarT.

163 `frezeris instituti~-s oficialuri veb-gverdi. http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php


- 169 -

qveynebs, romlebic ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis jaWvis

(cvlilebiT) zrdis SedarebiT swrafi aRmavlobiT gamoirCevian (ix.

diagramebi 4.3.11 à~ da 4.3.11 `b~), aqvT uaryofiTi korelacia (diagrama 4.3.11

à~-Si mocemuli pirveli donis, Tavisufali qveynebi da saqarTvelo, xolo

diagramaSi 4.3.11 `b~ II, III daIV donis ekonomikurad naklebad Tavisufali

da araTavisufali qveynebi maT Sorisaa saqarTveloc). maSasadame, frezeris

institutis Tavisuflebis indeqsi indikatorTa specifikidan gamomdinare

metwilad realur suraTs iZleva stabiluri ekonomikuri maCveneblebis

mqone qveynebisTvis.

migvaCnia, rom mSp-sa da `frezeris institutis” ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebs Soris kavSiris ukeT dasadgenad, indeqsis

monacemTa jaWvis Sesabamisi maCveneblebis ufro grZeli periodebia saWiro,

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, es gaxlavaT samomavlo ufro grZelvadiani

dakvirvebisa da kvlevis sagani.

0,230,27

0,69

0,26

0,11

-0,48-0,42

-0,16

-0,47

-0,14 -0,10

0,12

0,44

-0,60

-0,40

-0,20

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

korelacia realur mSp-s zrdasa da frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqs

Soris wyaro: frezeris institutis oficialuri veb-gverdi.


- 170 -

6,00

6,50

7,00

7,50

8,00

8,50

9,00

frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi qveynebis mixedviT (2000-2013 ww) wyaro: frezeris institutis oficialuri veb-gverdi.


singapuri

Sveicaria

aSS

estoneTi

litva

germania

somxeTi

saqarTvelo

5,00

5,50

6,00

6,50

7,00

7,50

8,00

frezeris institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi dabali maCveneblis qveynebis mixedviT

wyaro: frezeris institutis oficialuri veb-gverdi. http://www.freetheworld.com/index.php

37 korea, smx.

42 saqarTvelo

87 tailandi

123 senegali

133 togo

136 Cadi

- 171 -

amrigad, frezeris institutis angariSebi kargad asaxavs im qveynbis

realobas, visac monacemTa xelmisawvdomoba maRali aqvT da miRebuli

informaciac zustad Seesatyviseba am qveynebSi arsebul ekonomikur

realobas, garda amisa, unda aRvniSnoT erTi saintereso faqti - kvlevis

mimdinareobisas Seswavlili angariSebis (2005-2013 ww) mixedviT erTi da

igive wlis maCveneblebiT uamravi qveyana sareitingo cxrilebSi sxva

indeqsiTaa Seyvanili, xolo angariSis mTavar monacemebSi sxva cifrobrivi

monacemia dafiqsirebuli. es cdomileba dids ar warmoadgens, is

meaTedebSia Tumca Tu procentulad SevxedavT, cdomileba mniSvnelovania,

radgan indeqSi Tundac umniSvnelo cvlileba iwvevs qveynis sareitingo

adgilis ramdenime rigiT gadanacvlebas.

rogorc ukve aRvniSneT, damatebiTi sakiTxia kriteriumebis simwire

da gamoyenebuli kriteriumebis yvela qveyanaze identurad misadageba.

`frezeris institutis~ da `Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation~-s

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis urTierT damokidebuleba

warmodgenilia diagramaSi 4.3.12, sadac Cans, rom am ori organizaciis

4,5

5,0

5,5

6,0

6,5

7,0

7,5

8,0

saqarTvelos frezeris institutis da Heritage -s ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi2000-2013 ww (1998-2011 ww monacemebiT)

wyaro: freizeris institutis da Heritage -s veb-gverdebi http://www.freetheworld.com; http://www.heritage.org

herTiji

frezeris instituti

- 172 -

indeqsis cvlileba sxvadasxva tendenciiT mimdinareobs saqarTvelosTvis,

rac maTi gansaxvavebuli meTodologiiT da midgomebiTaa gamowveuli.

kvlevidan gamomdinare naTelia, rom ekonomikur zrdas ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebi ar iZleva, isini mxolod zomavs ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis maxasiTeblebs garkveul indikatorebTan mimarTebaSi.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indieqsebTan mimarTebaSi ukudamokidebulebas

aqvs adgili saqarTvelos ekonomikuri zrdis TvalsazrisiT (ara marto

saqarTvelos), rigi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebiT (mag. `duing

biznesi~) dRiTidRe vaumjobesebT reitings, rac samwuxarod ekonomikur

zradaSi ver aisaxeba, anu ver aisaxeba umTavres SedegSi ekonomikuri

keTildReobis zrdaSi. rac mowmobs da realurad utyuari indikatoria

ekonomikuri warmatebisa da keTildReobisa.

maSasadame, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis reitingis amaRleba aris

aucilebeli, magram ara sakmarisi piroba sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis da

ekonomikuri zrdis maRali Sedegebis misaRwevad. yvelaferi imazea

damokidebuli, rogor gamoiyenebs qveyana ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebiT mocemul maCveneblebs samomavlo ekonomikuri politikis

dagegmvaSi.

miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, romelic

orientirebulia Tavisufal bazarze, (Tavisufal gacvalasada

faswarmoqmnaze) zrdis sazogadoebriv keTildreobas rogorc ekonomikur

maxasiaTeblebSi aseve sazogadoebrivi sikeTeTa cxovrebis kriteriumebiTac

(ganaTlebis xarisxi, demografiuli mdgomareoba, sicocxlis xangrZlivoba

da sxva).

amrigad, ekonomikuri Tavisufleba aris sabazro ekonomikis mimdevari

qveynebisTvis mTavari piroba ekonomikuri warmatebisaTvis, is

uzrunvelyofs aramarto keTildReobis amaRlebas, aramed Tavisuflebis

mopovebasac, romelic ase mniSvnelovania Tanamedrove civilizebuli

samyarosTvis.

- 173 -

daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi

sadisertacio naSromSi Seswavlilma da gaanalizebulma sakiTxebma,

Catarebulma kvlevebma mogvca saSualeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebisa da

ekonomikuri zrdis maCeneblebis urTierTdamokidebulebaze

Camogveyalibebina Semdegi daskvnebi da rekomendaciebi: Tavisuflebis

SezRudva marTebuli ar aris, Tumca, es ar exeba ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

farglebs. ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, Tavisi arsiT yovelTvis

regulirebadia da garkveul sazRvrebSia moqceuli, rogorc mikro ise

mezo, makro da mega doneebze.

• Tavisuflebis gamovlineba anu misgan gamomdinare neba materialur

sferoSi gadadis, amiT is iZens ekonomikur xasiaTs, amitom aucilebelia

maregulirebeli rolis Semsrulebeli institutis arseboba, radgan

materialur sferoSi SeiZleba moxdes ekonomikur interesTa dapirispireba,

maTi gadakveTa, an SekavSireba.

• sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi ekonomikuri saqmianobis Tavisufleba

ganpirobebulia kerZo sakuTrebis arsebobiT, rac arCevanis Tavisuflebas

zrdis, xels uwyobs Tavisufal konkurencias da Tavisufal gacvlas

bazarze.

• sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi realuri ekonomikuri

TavisuflebisaTvis saWiroa gvqondes dominirebadi kerZo sakuTreba. radgan

kerZo sakuTrebis dominirebis principzea agebuli sabazro ekonomika,

Tundac ,,socialuri sabazro ekonomika”. ekonomikuri TavisuflebisTvis

kerZo sakuTrebaze dafuZnebuli bazari, sadac adamianebi garigebebs

damoukideblad piradi sargeblianobis da ara saxelmwifos direqtivebis

zegavlenis mixedviT deben. kerZo garigebebi aris konkurenciis safuZveli,

xolo konkurencia xarisxis da progresis mTavari pirobaa. bazris

arseboba jer kidev ar niSnavs imas, rom am bazarze Tavisufali gacvla

xorcieldeba, Tundac is kerZo bazari iyos. kerZo bazris Tavisufleba

damokidebulia, damoukidebel da nebayofilebiT gacvlaze, garigebebze

romlebzec zegavlenas ar axdens arasabazro sxva garemoeba (pirdapir Tu

iribad).

- 174 -

• saxelmwifo bazarze garigebis orive mxare (myidveli da gamyidveli)

zrunavs sakuTar keTildReobaze, magram umetes SemTxvevaSi es iZleva

saSualebas saxelmwifo warmomadgenlebis mxridan piradi keTildReobis

mzrunveloba gaaZlieron da ase warmoiSoba Tavisuflebis da konkurenciis

damakninebeli elementebi. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis SezRudva iwvevs

ekonomikuri agentebis formaluridan Crdilovan sferoSi gadasvlas an

likvidacias, zRudavs formalur ekonomikaSi moRvawe biznes erTeulTa

ekonomikur Tvisuflebas da amiT astimulirebs korufcias da Crdilovan

sferos ekonomikaSi.

• postsocialur sivrceSi ekonomikur Tavisuflebas saxelmwifo

zRudavs kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis SeferxebiT, kerZod socialisturi

sistemidan memkvidreobiT miRebuli saxelmwifo qonebis kerZo sakuTrebaSi

gadasvlis gaWianurebiT, kerZod, `meoradi bazari~ izRudeba saxelmwifo

`pirveladi bazris~ didi wiliT. aRniSnuli garemoeba samwuxarod dRemde

yuradRebis miRma rCeba ekonomikur Tavisuflebis xarisxis SemzRudav

garemoebebze momuSave organizaciebis da mkvlevarebis mxridan. amrigad

,,mkvdari” kapitalis gamouyenebloba ar iZleva saSualebas namdvil

sabazro ekonomikis formirebisaTvis, romlis mTavari mamoZravebeli

faqtoria kapitali, xolo simZlavre ekonomikuri Tvisufleba.

• ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi damokidebulia Tavisufal

arCevanze. Sesabamisad, Cveni definicia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

xarisxisa aris Semdegi: rac metia optimalur alternativaTa raodenoba

(ricxvi), romelTa cal-calke arCevas SeuZlia optimaluri da

racionaluri (momgebiani) Sedegis motana, miT metia ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxi.

• ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi gansazRvravs pirovnul

Tavisuflebas, xolo orive erTad qmnis politikur Tavisuflebas.

aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, adamianis, sazogadoebis keTildReoba,

ekonomikur erTeulTa arsebobis zRvruli areali, saxelmwifos

sazogadoebrivi interesi, erT saerTo sivrceSia gawonasworebuli. am

interesebs Soris saerTo TanakveTa gvaZlevs saerTo ekonomikuri

- 175 -

Tavisuflebis xelsayrel areals. rac metia es areali, miT metia

ekonomikuri Tvaisufleba.

• saxelmwifos mxridan ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis SezRudvis

SemTxvevaSi, klebulobs adamianebis keTildReoba da Sesabamisad mcirdeba

sazogadoebis (moqalaqeebis) Semosavlebi, mcirdeba maTi Tavisuflebis done

da zogadad sazogadoeba naklebad msyidvelobiTunariani xdeba (anu

Raribdeba), aRniSnuli uaryofiT zegavlenas axdens mTel rig

makroekonomikur maCveneblebze, gansakuTrebiT ki danazogze. ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba axdens mogebis diferencirebas horizontalurad ekonomikur

agentebs Soris, rac iwvs jamuri (saerTo) danazogis zrdas, agreTve

danazogebis optimalur investirebasac, xolo ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

SezRudva, piriqiT, iwvevs danazogebis da investiciebis Semcirebas.

• Tu saxelmwifo atarebs sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi liberalur-

ekonomikur Tavisuflebis mastimulirebel politikas, izrdeba ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis xarisxi da dadebiT zegavlenas axdens makroekonomikur

maCveneblebze, rac gansazRvravs ekonomikur keTildReobas da ekonomikur

zrdas.

• ekonomikuri Tavisufleba izRudeba krizisebis dros. TiTqmis yvela

antikrizisuli politika, zrdis samTavrobo administrirebis dones,

Sesabamisad is zRudavs ekonomikur Tavisuflebas, ramac SesaZloa

gamoiwvios vardnis siRrmis gazrda da depresia. garda aRniSnulisa, TviT

krizisis umTavresi mizezi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis araTanabari arseboba

migvaCni lokalur Tu globalur doneze.

• sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gansxvavebul done,

ekonomikur segmentebSi ganapirobebs ararealur ekonomikuri warmodgenebs

e.w ,,buStebis bervas”. vinaidan sainvesticio Tanxebi ver realizdeba

realur ekonomikaSi, racionaluri alternativebis ar arsebobis gamo.

ekonomikur krizisisas irRveva wonasworoba erTobliv miwodebasa da

erTobliv moTxovnas Soris, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis pirobebSi

SesaZlebelia recesiebisadmi SedarebiT mdgradi ekonomikuri sistemis

marTva, romelic sabazro principebiT imoqmedebs vidre xelovnuri

CarevebiT.

- 176 -

• Tanamedrove pirobebSi adamianis zrdadi moTxovnilebebi atareben

warmoebaze winmswreb tendenciebs – rac warmoSobs maRal moTxovnas,

xolo am mocemulobas miwodebam adeqvaturad Tu ver upasuxa, adgili aqvs

Tanxvedri garigebebis darRvevas anu ,,disbalans”, es ar aris bazarze

saqonlis siWarbis situacia aramed bazarze àxalgazrda saqonlis~

deficitia, romelzec winmswrebi moTxovnaa warmoSobili. Sedegad saqme

gvaqvs erToblivi ,,miwodebis daberebasTan”.

dazogvis mniSvnelovani mizezia erToblivi `miwodebis sibere”.

saerTod mzardi Semosavlebis Sesabamisad izrdeba moxmarebac, magram Tu

,,miwodeba daberebulia”, maSin igi ar ixarjeba Semosavlis zrdis

proporciulad, rac dazogvis midrekilebas zrdis.

danazogis zrda krizisis saSiSroebis matarebelia, mxolod maSin,

Tu ar moxda misi Tavisufali investireba optimalurad, axal novaciur

dargSi. Tavisufali investireba ver xorcieldeba Tu ekonomikuri

Tavisufleba dabalia da Tu xorcieldeba ara im mimarTulebiT razec

sazogadoebrivi anu momxmarebelTa interesebia mimarTuli.

• ekonomikuri vardnis SesaCereblad an Sesarbileblad saWiroa

investiciebis dabandeba novaciebsa da mtp-Si. Cvens mier Catarebuli

analizi gviCvenebs, rom danazogis zrda srulebiTac ar aris savalalo da

saSiSi, Tu is Tavisuflad investirdeba optimalutad progresirebad

dargebSi winsmwrebi moTxovnilebebis Sesabamisad. Tumca, saxelmwifosTvis,

aseve kerZo samewarmeo erTeulebisTvis, danazogis zrda, Tavis mxriv,

signali unda iyos imisa, rom investireba ver xorcieldeba optimalurad

da saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mxardaWera. aucilebelia kerZo

subieqtebima gadaxedon bazarze mdgomareobs, raTa gamoicnon axali

moTxovnilebi da misi dakmayofilebiT daikavon axali saqmianobis niSa.

• ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis pirobebSi globaluri krizisi

lokaluri warmatebis faqtoric aris. rigi qveynebis swor ekonomikur

politikas ekonomikuri Tvaiuflebis uzrunvelyofis gziT SeuZlia

gazardos ekonomikuri keTildReoba. ekonomikurad dabalganviTarebul

qveynas (regions) globaluri krizisis fonze SeuZlia gacilebiT meti

miiRos, vidre dakargos, rac SesaZlebelia ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

- 177 -

uzrunvelyofiT.

globaluri krizisis fonze ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis amaRleba, roca

globalur doneze regulaciebiT izRudeba ekonomikuri Tavisufleba

iZleva saSualebas sainvisticio da materialuri resursebis mozidvisa.

amavdroulad msoflio ekonomikis wamyvani qveynebis maSvel rgolebad

SeiZleba iqcnen dabalganviTarebuli qveynebi maTi krizisidan gamoyvanis

TvalsazrisiT (aiTvison gaiafebuli Cawolili saqoneli).

aRniSnulisTvis saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisufleba da misi xarisxis

amaRleba, misi uzrunvelyofis mTavari faqtorebis uzenaesoba.

• sabazro ekonomika da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba kerZo sakuTrebas

da Tavisufal konkurencias emyareba, aqtivebze kerZo sakuTrebis saerTo

mdgomareoba zegavlenas axdens ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis ganmsazRvrel

maCveneblebze, rac sabolood aisaxeba ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis

cvlilebaSi.

- kerZo sakuTrebis Tavisufali floba-gankargvis gareSe gvaqvs

viTareba, sadac izRudeba Tavisufali arCevani da Tavisufali bazari,

xolo maT gareSe ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxi dabalia. amrigad,

kerZo sakuTreba da ekonomikuri Tavisufleba mWidro urTierTkavSirSi

arian da erTmaneTs ganapirobeben.

• kerZo sakuTrebis damkvidreba iZleva rogorc keTildReobis

amaRlebis aseve, sabazro brunvaSi axali aqtivis Cabmis SesaZleblobas. es

Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs konkurencias, ekonomikur Tavisuflebas da

aZlierebs ekonomikuri zrdis SesaZleblobebs. sazogadoebis axali

sakuTrebis damkvidrebis moTxovnileba aCens Tavisufali qmedebis

aucileblobas, rac pirdapir exmianeba TiToeuli adamianis miswrafebas

gaiumjobesos da aimaRlos keTildReoba.

- saxelmwifo sakuTreba, romelic sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi

usargeblodaa, is ekonomikurad araefeqtiani da wamgebiani xdeba.

saqarTvelos realobaSi aqtivebis ZiriTadi mesakuTre saxelmwifo maT

ekonomikur brunvaSi Cabmas ver axerxebs, Sesabamisad ekonomikurad

araefeqtianobasTan erTad sazogadoebrivi keTildReobis TvalsazrisiT

wamgebiania aseT aqtivze saxelmwifo sakuTrebis uflebac, is zegavlenas

axdens TiTeuli moqalaqis Tavisuflebaze, radgan sakuTrebis Tavisufali

- 178 -

gacvla ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mTavari faqtoria.

- samwuxarod, dRemde ver moxerxda kerZo sakuTreba gamxdariyo

kapitaluri aqtivi, formirebuliyo Tavisufali kerZo bazari da am

aqtivebis Tavisufali faswarmoqmnis procesi Seuferxeblad daZruliyo.

- saqarTveloSi sustia kerZo sakuTrebis dacvis Sesabamisi

samarTlebrivi garantiebic, maT Soris konstituciis donezec.

• sakuTrebis xelyofisagan dacvis efeqtiani meqanizmebia konkurencia

da sakuTrebis diversificireba. sakuTrebis formebis mravalferovneba

iZleva saSualebas ama Tu im qonebas, aqtivs mravali mesakuTris saxiT

gauCndes meti damcveli, rac Tavis mxriv, konkurentuli garemos

formirebas Seuwyobs xels da rasakvirvelia ekonomikur Tvisuflebasac

gaaZlierebs.

• problemis praqtikulma kvlevam mogvca saSualeba gangvesazRvara

sxvadasxva ekonomikuri Tu araekonomikuri faqtorebis zegavlena aqtivebis

kerZo sakuTrebad formirebasa da mis RirebulebasTan mimarTebaSi,

kvleviT dadginda, rom saqarTvelos realobaSi aqtivebis sami bazaria:

,,saxelmwifo bazari~ (pirveladi); ìZulebiTi bazari~ (aRmasruleblis mier

CamorTmeuli qonebis); ,,kerZo bazari~ (kerZo mesakuTreTa meoradi bazari).

am bazrebis arseboba da urTierTdamokidebuleba gansazRvravs kerZo

sakuTrebis formirebis sakiTxs da mis Semdgomi Tavisufali gamoyeneba-

gankargvis sakiTxsac, rasac, Tavis mxriv, mivyavarT ekonomikur

Tavisuflebamde da mis xarisxamde.

• miwis aqtivebze Catarebuli kvlevis safuZvelze, ,,pirvelad bazarze”

miwis cvalebadi maRali miwodebis miuxedavad fasi mis mimarT sustad

reagirebs, rac sabazro kanonzomierebebs ar pasuxobs. konkurentuli

bazris SemTxvevaSi Catarebuli auqcionebis raodenoba ukuproporciulad

unda moqmedebdes fasze, Tumca, kvlevam gviCvena, rom aseTi mkveTri

kanonzomieri damokidebuleba ar ikveTeba. Sesabamisad, auqcionebis

raodenoba ,,pirvelad bazarze” ver axdens zegavlenas aqtivis

Rirebulebaze. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT vTvliT, rom Cvens realobaSi

arsebobs gaorebuli bazari, sadac aqtivebis `pirveladi bazari~ aferxebs

`meoradi baazris~ funqcionirebas.

- 179 -

• saqarTveloSi aqtivebis Rirebulebis vardna gamowveulia

privatizebiT, ramac maRali miwodebiT fasebi TiTqmis nulovan donemde

dawia. mocemuli dabali fasis pirobebSi ekonomikuri aqtivebi ver izidavs

kapitals, romelic saWiroa kvlavwarmoebis procesisaTvis da ver xdeba

sainvesticio garanti.

• kerZo sakuTrebis realurad formirebisaTvis da aqtivebis fasis

zrdisaTvis aucilebelia bazarze privatizebis procesis Sedegad gaCenili

Warbi miwodebis gaqroba, ris Semdegac moTxovnis mateba gazrdis maT fass.

aragonivruli nabiji iqneboda am procesis SeCereba, amitom, aucilebelia

privatizebis procesis swrafi dasruleba.

kerZo sakuTrebis formirebasTan dakavSirebiT gagavaCnia Semdegi

rekomendaciebi:

- ekonomikuri Tavisauflebis xelSewyobis mizniT saxelmwifo

sakuTreba umokles vadaSi formirebuli unda iqnas kerZo sakuTrebad.

- sazogadoebis dabali msyidvelobis unaris gamo saxelmwifo

sakuTrebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebisTvis yvelaze efeqtiani gzaa misi

usasyidlod gadacema qveynis moqalaqeebze.

- sakuTrebis dacvis TvalsazrisiT sakuTrebis diversificireba misi

dacvis yvelaze efeqturi meqanizmia anu saxelmwifom unda izrunos

aqtivebis kerZo mesakuTreTa Soris gadanawilebaze.

• ekonomikur Tavisuflebis da ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebis

kvlevisas yuradReba unda gamaxvildes, rom maTi urTierTdamokidebuleba

sxvadasxvanairia gansxvavebuli ekonomikuri sistemis da ganvierebis

sxvadasxva donis mqone qveynebisTvis. sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi

cnobilia, ori saxis ekonomikuri zrda intensiuri da eqstensiuri.

qstensiuri zrdis SemTxvevaSi saWiroa ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

maqsimaluri xelSewyoba, gansakuTrebiT im mimarTulebiT, rom ekonomikuri

zrdis eqstensiuri faqtorebi aTvisebuli iqnas, raTa winapiroba Seiqmnas

intensiur ekonomikur zrdaze gadasasvlelad.

• ekonomikuri Tavisufleba dadebiT zegavlenas axdens

makroekonomikur maCveneblebze, maT Soris mSp-ze da mep-ze, amasTan rogorc

saerTo maCvenebliT, aseve 1 sul mosaxleze gaTvliT da rac mTvaria

- 180 -

ekonomikuri Tavisufleba zrdis saerTo sazogadoebriv keTildReobas.

aseve ekonomikuri Tavisufleba ekonomikuri zrdis mTvari xelSemwyobi

faqtoria sabazro ekonomikis pirobebSi.

• ekonomikuri zrdisa da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebis

damokidebulebis Seswavlam gviCvena, rom saqarTveloSi ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsebi bolo periodSi gaumjobesebulia, rac samwuxarod

ekonomikur zrdaze Sesabamisad ar aisaxeba. maSasadame, ver aisaxeba

keTildReobis da ekonomikuri warmatebis mTavar utyuar indikatorze.

kvlevaSi ganxiluli indeqsebis analiziT gairkva, rom (freizeris

institutis ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi; Wall Street Journal & The Heritage

Foundation-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsi; msoflio bankis biznesis

keTebis indeqsi; globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi) saqarTvelos

dabali maCveneblebi aqvs kerZo sakuTrebasTan mimarTebaSi (kerZo

sakuTrebis dacva), es gamowveulia imiT, rom yofil postsabWoTa qveynebSi

da konkretulad saqarTveloSi kerZo sakuTrebis formireba-damkvidrebis

procesi gaWianurebulia da mwvaved dgas. faqtobrivad mTlianobaSi kerZo

da saxelmwifo qonebis proporciuli urTierTdamokidebulebaze

dazustebuli informacia ar arsebobs. amrigad, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

indeqsebis gaangarisebis aprobirebuli meTodebi da maCveneblebi srul

realobas ver asaxaven da ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis donis Sesaxeb

arasrul warmodgenebs qmnian (zogjer gadaWarbebulad dadebiTs da

zogjer piriqiT). yovelive aRniSnuli ekonomikur Tavisuflebas indeqsebis

da ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebs Soris arasando damokidebulebaSi

aisaxeba.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis dabal dones, rig SemTxvevebSi

astimulirebs saxelmwifoSi biurokratiis arseboba Tumca, umTavresi

mizezi ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis daqveiTebis aris mcdari saxelmwifo

ekonomikuri politika.

• saxelmwifo sakuTreba (sabazro brunvidan GgaTiSuli) aqveiTebs

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebas, zRudavs Tavisufali bazris da Tavisufali

konkurentuli fasebis arsebobas. konkretulad ki es exeba ekonomikuri

aqtivebis bazrebs, Sedegad dabalia mSp-is da mep-is zrdis realuri tempi,

- 181 -

gansakuTrebiT potenciur SesaZleblobebTan SedarebiT, agreTve, mcirdeba

erovnuli simdidre. amrigad kerZo sakuTrebis DdacvasTan erTad Zalze

mniSvnelovania kerZo sakuTrebis formirebis done. saerTaSoriso

organizaciebis mier ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mniSvnelovan komponentad

kerZo sakuTrebaa miCneuli. ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi ZiriTadad

realur da sando informacias iZlevian im ekonomikurad

maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi, sadac kerZo sakuTrebis formireba

dasrulebulia da Sesabamisad kerZo sakuTrebac maRal donezea daculi.

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis kvlevisas saWiro informaciis

arasrulyofasovnebidan gamomdinare ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis reitingebi

naklebad swor warmodgenebs qmnian ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis donis

Sesaxeb da sabolood ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis mowodbuli informaciis

arasrulyofilebaSi aisaxeba.

• marTebuli iqneboda, ekonomikis srul formirebamde da gardamavali

etapis dasrulebamde `Heritage-is~ ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis

ganmsazRvrel indikatorebs damateboda indikatorebi an rigi maTgani

gafarToebuliyo, gardamavali tipis problemebis Sesatyvisad. vinaidan,

saqarTveloSi kerZo sakuTreba bolomde ar aris formirebuli, aqtivebis

bazarze mniSvnelovani wili ukavia saxelmwifo pirvelad bazars,

sazogadoebis dabali myidvelobiTi unaris gamo mniSvnelovnad

Senelebulia sakuTrebis damkvidrebis (SeZenis) procesi. kvlevidan

gamomdinare `Heritage-is ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsTan~ mimarTebaSi,

gagvCnia Semdegi rekomendaciebi:

_ marTebulia saqarTvelos tipis qveynebisTvis `Heritage-is ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsis~ indikatorebs daematos Semdegi sruli an qve

indikatori: pirveladi (saxelmwifo) bazrisgan Tavisufleba, kerZo

sakuTrebis damkvidrebis Tavisufleba (SesaZlebelia sakuTrebis uflebis

qveindikatorad gansazRvra) da sakuTrebis formirebis Tavisufleba (anu

saxelmwifo sakuTrebis kerZo sakuTrebad formirebis Tavisufleba).

am indikatorebis amuSavebiT ufro srulyofili iqneba gardamavali

tipis qveynebisTvis ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis gansazRvra. aRniSnuli

pirdapir kavSirSia mocemuli kriteriumebis dabal maCveneblebTan,

- 182 -

rogorebicaa korufciisgan Tavisufleba, saxelmwifosgan Tavisufleba

(mTavrobis Carevisgan Tavisufleba), sakuTrebis ufleba da finansuri

Tavisufleba.

_ `duing biznes~-is indeqsSi gansakuTrebiT yuradsaRebia ori

maCvenebeli. biznesis dawyeba saqarTveloSi sakmaod martivia, magram

biznesis daxurvis procedurebia gaZnelebuli. Sedegad raodenobrivad

uamravi firmaa registrirebuli (daaxloebiT 3,5 aTasi), rac gamowveulia

registraciis simartiviT da biznes saqmianobis Sewyvetis oficialuri

procedurebis siZneliT.

_ `globaluri konkurentunarianobis indeqsi~-Si saqarTvelos

samuSaoze miRebis da ganTavisuflebis praqtikaSi maRali Sefaseba aqvs,

magram amavdrulad qveynidan tvinebis (kvalificiuri muSaxelis) gadinebis

udidesi problema fiqsirdeba, mocemuli swored ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

dabali doniTaa ganpirobebuli rac e.w. ùCinari fexis~ damsaxurebaa.

indeqsebSi TiTqmis yvela sxva danarCeni dabali maCveneblebi

saqarTveloSi dabali ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis gamoZaxilia da zemoT

CamoTvlili (sakuTrebis problema, safondo bazris da a.S) problemebidan

gamomdinareobs.

• kvlevisas ~Wall Street Journal & The Heritage Foundation-s ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsi~-s maCveneblTa mSp-Tan korelaciis Sedegad, qveynebi

ZiriTadSi ganixilebian uaryofiTi korelaciis da dadebiTi korelaciis

mixedviT.

_ qveynebi, romlebic korelaciis uaryofiTi niSniT arian, `Heritage-s

indeqsiT~ ikaveben sakmaod maRal sareitingo adgilebs, es niSnavs, rom

mocemuli ekonomikuri poziciebidan mSp-is cvlilebas ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqsis cvlileba ver iwvevs, rac aixsneba imiT, rom es

qveynebi imyofebian eqstensiuri zrdis pikze da miaRwies maqsimalur

maCvenebels ` indesSi~ Semavali faqtorebis gamoyenebis mxriv.

_ mSp-is da `Heritage-s indeqsis~ korelaciisas saqarTvelos aqvs

dadebiTi maCvenebeli (0.14), rac gulisxmobs ekonomikuri Tvisuflebis

indeqsis maCveneblebis Sesabamisi 1%-iT gaumjobesebaAMMmSp-s aumjobesebs

O0.14%-iT.

- 183 -

_ mxolod `The Heritage-s indeqsi~-s reitingis gaumjobeseba ar aris

sakmarisi piroba ekonomikuri zrdisTvis. is warmoadgens dadebiT

xelSemwyob faqtors eonomikuri keTildReobis gasaumjobeseblad. sxva

sakiTxia saqarTvelo Tu sxva qveynebi rogor iyeneben am ekonomkuri

Tavisuflebis indeqs (romelic metwilad sainformacio xasiTisa).

_ `Heritage-s indeqsi~-gan gansxvevebiT `frezeris institutis~

ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsis korelaciisas gansxvavebuli Sedegi

miviReT, risi axsnac ori mTavari mizeziT SeiZleba: pirveli aRniSnul or

indeqs aqvs Sefasebis gansxvavebuli sistema, ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis

sxvadasxva indeqss sxvadasxva damokidebuleba aqvs faqtorebisadmi,

amitomac korelaciis Sedegebi identuri ar aRmoCnda; meore is, rom Cveni

kvlevisas droiTi periodi gacilebiT mcirea (2000_2010 w) gansakuTrebiT

saqarTvelosTan mimarTebaSi (maTSorisaa somxeTic) vinaidan 2004 wels iqiT

monacemebi ar arsebobs.

• 2000-2010 ww-Si reluri mSp-s zrdis da `frezeris institutis

indeqsis~ maCveneblebis analiziT gamoikveTa, Semdegi tendencia - yvela

qveyanas, romelsac gaCnia indeqsis jaWvis naklebad gamoxatuli zrdadi

tendencia an gaaCnia saerTod klebadi tendencia, xasiTdebian dadebiTi

korelaciis maCvenebliT mSp-is mimarT. xolo qveynebi, romlebic indeqsis

jaWvis SedarebiT maRali aRmavlobiT gamoirCevian, aqvT uaryofiTi

korelacia. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, frezeris institutis Tavisuflebis

indeqsi metwilad indikatorTa specifikidan gamomdinare realur suraTs

iZleva naklebad cvalebadi (stabiluri) ekonomikuri maCveneblebis mqone

qveynebisTvis. mSp-sa da `frezeris institutia” ekonomikuri

Tavisuflebis indeqss Soris kavSiris ukeT dasadgenad, indeqsis monacemTa

jaWvis Sesabamisi maCveneblebis ufro grZeli periodebia saWiro.

_ frezeris institutis angariSebi kargad asaxaven im qveynebis

realobas, visac monacemTa xelmisawvdomoba maRali aqvT da miRebuli

informaciac zustad Seesatyviseba am qveynebSi arsebul ekonomikur

realobas.

• ekonomikur zrdas ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis indeqsebi ar iZlevian,

isini mxolod zomaven ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis maxasiTeblebs garkveul

- 184 -

indikatorebTan mimarTebaSi, Tumca, maT mier mowodebuli informacia

SesaZlebalia gamoviyenoT ekonomikuri Tavisuflebis xarisxis

asamaRleblad da ekonomikuri keTildReobis asamaRleblad

kvleva adasturebs, rom ekonomikuri Tavisufleba, romelic

orientirebulia Tavisufal bazarze (Tavisufal gacvlasa da

faswarmoqmnaze), dadebiTad moqmedebs ekonomikuri zrdis maCveneblebze da

zrdis sazogadoebriv keTildReobas, rogorc wminda ekonomikur

maxasiaTeblebSi, aseve cxovrebis zogad sazogadoebriv sikeTeTa

kriteriumebiTac.

- 185 -

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