Ivyokorwa Nyamukuru mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu ...caregroupinfo.org/docs/(2010)_TUBAR_Mod_2_ENHA_Preg_KRNDI_L… · Rutonde rw’Ivyigwa vy’Agatabo ka kabiri (Module 2). Mworaba

Ivyokorwa Nyamukuru mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe

c’Imbanyi

Integuro y’Ivyigwa

Agatabo ka 2 muri 5

2

Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu

Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi

Ibirimwo:

Icugwa ca 1: Umwitwarariko w’imbere yo Kwibaruka no Kwibarukira kwa Muganga.......8

Icigwa ca 2: Ingaburo y’Umuvyeyi.........................................18

Icigwa ca 3: Ivyunyunyu vyo mu Ngaburo (Fer na Iyode) ..................27

Icigwa ca 4: Gukaraba n’Isabune (canke Umunyota) ..................37

Icigwa ca 5: Gushiraho Igikarabiro mu Rugo................47

Icigwa ca 6: Kwikingira Malariya.........................................56

Icigwa c’7: Kwitegurira Kwibaruka n’Ivuka.....................66

Icigwa ca 8: Kwonsa Umwana Ubwo Nyene Akivuka .........................76

Icigwa c’9: Ivyokorwa mu Kwitwararika Akayoya ..............................86

Integuro y’Ivyigwa y’Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi ifise intumbero yo kwunganira ivyashikirijwe mu Gitabo

Mfashanyigisho c’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure kidondora Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi.

Gutahura Integuro y’Ivyigwa

Icigwa cose gitangurira ku ntumbero. Izo nazo zikaba ari intumbero zijanye n’inyifato, ubumenyi n’ivyizerwa biba bishikirizwa muri ico cigwa. Ni mwitwararike kuraba ko

imwe yose muri izo ntumbero ishizweko akatuzo muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa. Hariho ubwoko bune

bw’intumbero. Kandi imwe yose muri zo yaradondowe aho musi.

Intumbero zijanye n’inyifato: Intumbero nyinshi ni intumbero zijanye n’inyifato zanditswe nk’amajambo yo kwiyemeza igikorwa. Ivyo ni ivyokorwa vyitezwe ko umurezi w’umwana yokurikiza yishimikije ubutumwa nyamukuru bwashikirijwe mu

gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Intumbero z’ubumenyi: Nk’akarorero, twifuza ko abavyeyi boshobora gutondagura ibimenyetso vyo kugeramirwa hamwe n’inzira zitanu z’ukuntu imigera

itera gucibwamwo ihererekanywa. Ivyo ni ibintu abarezi b’abana bategerezwa gufata ku mutwe muri uwo mwanya w’icigwa, bagakoresha amasanamu mu kwiyibutsa.

Intumbero z’ivyo twizera: Turazi ko ivyo twizera n’inyifato zacu bigira ingaruka

ku bikorwa vyacu. Kenshi wama usanga ivyo twizera bitari vyo canke ingene dusanzwe tubona ibibazo vy’ubuzima n’isi ari vyo bitubuza gushikira ihinduka ryogira akamaro k’amagara meza.

3

Intumbero z’Ibituma vy’Inyifato: Intumbero z’ibituma vy’inyifato ni imvo zituma abantu bagendera (canke batagendera) mu nyifato ivuzwe. Hariho ibituma

vy’inyifato munani bishoboka nk’uko vyashizwe ahabona mu vyigwa vy’umwihwezo w’intambamvyi (analyse des barrières) vyakorewe muri buri ntara. Ivyo vyigwa birerekana ibituma bihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri buri nyifato.1 Mu gushimikira ku

bituma vyafashije abakora (ni ukuvuga abarezi b’abana ku mutumba basanzwe bagendera muri iyo nyifato nshasha) turashobora guhimiriza abadakora (abarezi b’abana batagendera muri izo nyifato nshasha) ngo batsinde inzitizi zababujije

kugerageza canke gushishikara iyo ngendo muri kahise.

Musi y’izo ntumbero, ibikoresho vyose bikenewe muri ico cigwa vyashizwe ku

rutonde. Uwurongoye icigwa akwiye kwitwararika kuzana ibikoresho vyose bikenerwa muri ico cigwa. Mu cigwa kigira gatanu, twinjijemwo iciyumviro c’Umurongozi w’Ibikorwa azoshira umwitwarariko ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu

Rutonde rw’Ivyigwa vy’Agatabo ka kabiri (Module 2). Mworaba ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

Umwimenyerezo wose (ni igice c’integuro y’icigwa) werekanwa n’agasanamu gato. Ayo masanamu akoreshwa mu kwibutsa Abavyeyi Tubaramure batazi gusoma urukurikirane rw’ibiza gukorwa mu cigwa. Nk’akarorero, ni hagera ko

Umuvyeyi Tubaramure abarongora mu gukina agakino, integuro y’icigwa yerekana isanamu y’umuntu atwenze aboneka nk’uwuryohewe n’ako gakino

(raba aho musi). Amasanamu yo mu nteguro y’icigwa afasha Abavyeyi Tubaramure kumenya igikorwa baza gukurikizako. Ni mwihweze ivyadondowe ngaho musi kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi gusumba.

Igikorwa ca mbere muri buri cigwa ni agakino. Utwo dukino tugafasha abitavye gutwenga, kuja mu

kamwemwe no kwitegurira igikorwa. Hariho udukino tumwe tumwe dusubiramwo kwihweza inyigisho nyamukuru abitavye bamaze kwiga. Utundi dukino

tugashira imbere intumbero z’ivyizerwa. Mwitwararike kuraba ko bose bakina muri ako gakino.

Inyuma y’agakino haca hakurikira igice co guhamagara amazina no Gutora umuti w’ingorane. Abarongozi b’ivyigwa bose bazohamagara amazina y’abitavye.

Ibibazo vyo gutorera umuti vyerekeye gusa abarongoye ivyigwa (Abapromoteri) basanzwe bajejwe kwigisha

abandi.2 Umupromoteri ni we akurikirana ingorane izo ari zo zose Abavyeyi Tubaramure bagize mu kwigisha ivyigwa vyatambutse. Ni murabe ivyo gukina wishira mu kibanza

c’umuntu biri mu cigwa ca 4 (c’Agatabo ka 1) kugira ngo mutahure vyinshi.

1 See http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net for more information. 2 In the Tubaramure program, paid staff are called promoters. The role of the promoters is to train Mother Leaders to facilitate lessons with their neighbors. A few exercises, noted above, are only for promoters and do not need to be used by the Mother Leaders when sharing with their neighbors.

http://barrieranalysis.fhi.net/

4

Ivyo biheze uwo arongoye icigwa aca yugurura igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho kw’isanamu ya mbere y’icigwa. Agaheza agasoma n’inkuru

yanditse inyuma y’urupapuro rw’isanamu, yongerezako ibindi vy’ido n’ido n’ibindi vyo kudondora nk’uko biba bikenewe.

Inkuru iboneka muri buri cigwa ikurikirwa n’ibibazo vyo kuyagako. Ivyo bibazo bigafasha uwo arongoye icigwa

kumenya ingiro y’abarezi b’abana muri ico gihe (nk’uko iba ijanye n’ico cigwa). Ico gice kikaba cerekanwa n’ijambo Gutohoza.3 Ico gice cashiriweho guhanahana

ivyiyumviro, si ico kwigisha. Witwararike guha umuntu wese akaryo ko gushikiriza iryo agona.

Isanamu igira kabiri, n’iya gatatu hamwe n’iya

kane muri buri cigwa ni ayo kwigishirizako intumbero nyamukuru y’icigwa. Mumaze gusanzurura ku rupapuro rugira kabiri rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho

[ngaho ni muri ya ntambuko yitwa Kwerekana], baza uti “mubona iki muri iyi sanamu?” Abahari ni bishure

kandi badondore ico biyumvira ko ayo masanamu yo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho ubashikiriza.

Hanyuma uce usigura inyigisho iri muri ayo majambo yanditse inyuma y’isanamu

mfashanyigisho. Na none kandi incamake y’izo nyigisho yerekanwa mu ryungane rigufi ridondora ibiri mw’isanamu mfashanyigisho riba ryanditse kuri urwo

rupapuro ruriko ico gicapo. Mwitwararike gusigura buri gicapo mukoresheje ayandi mungane atondetse inyuma y’igicapo (canke mu nteguro y’icigwa). Integuro y’ivyigwa isanzwe irimwo ibindi vyiyumviro vyongeweko vyo gufasha

uwigisha. Kandi ivyo vyiyumviro vyongeweko ntibikenewe ko vyozanwa ngo biyagweko mu cigwa.

Inyuma y’isanamu mfashanyigisho igira kane y’icigwa,

hakurikira igikorwa. Ivyo bikorwa ni imyimenyerezo “yo gukora” ifasha abitavye gutahura no gushira mu ngiro ivyo bize. Vyinshi muri ivyo bikorwa bikenera ibikoresho

binaka n’imyiteguro itomoye.

Guhera mu rutonde rw’ivyigwa vyo mu Gatabo ka 2, Uwurongora ibikorwa ajejwe gutegura ibikoresho biza gukenerwa mu Gakorwa kajanye n’ico Cigwa.

Uwuzoba umurongozi w’Igikorwa mu Rutonde rw’ivyigwa vy’Agatabo ka kabiri atorwa mu Cigwa ca 5 (c’Agatabo ka 1). Umurongozi w’Ibikorwa abanza kubonana n’Uwurongora ivyigwa mu minota cumi imbere ya buri cigwa kugira

3 For more information about the ASPIRE method review Lesson 2.

5

ngo bavugane ku bikoresho bizokenerwa mu gikorwa kijanye n’icigwa kizokurikira. Uwo azezwa ibikorwa ni we afise uruhara rwo kuvugana n’abandi

(Abavyeyi Tubaramure canke ababanyi) muri wa mwanya wo “guhamagara amazina no gutora umuti w’ingorane” kugira ngo atunganye ikibazo c’ibikoresho

bizokenerwa mu nama izokurikira, akabasaba ko bokwitanga bakazozana ivyo bikoresho bikenewe. Uwurongoye ivyigwa ni we azobarongora muri ico gikorwa, ariko uwo yajejwe ibikorwa nawe akazoza aramushigikira mu gutegekanya

abitanga no mu gufasha uwurongoye ivyigwa nk’uko biba bikenewe muri ako kanya k’igikorwa.

Ico gikorwa giheze, uwurongoye ivyigwa aca arangura ibijanye no Gucaca hamwe no Gutomora. Ubwo buryo bwo kwigisha bukoreshwa mu gushimikisha

kwigisha gukorana n’uwiga (methode participative). Ubwo buryo burasigurwa ido n’ido mu Rutonde rw’ibiri mu cigwa ca 2 (c’Agatabo ka 1).

Mu gice kijanye n’ijambo Gucaca Uwurongoye ivyigwa

arabaza ko hoba hariho intambamyi zobuza abarezi b’abana kugerageza izo ngendo nshasha. Baraheza

bakayaga kuri izo ntambamyi hanyuma bagaca batandukira igice gikurikira.

Uwurongoye ivyigwa araheza Agatomorera abarezi b’abana uburyo bokoresha mu gutora umuti w’ingorane

zashikirijwe. Uwo Arongoye ivigwa akabashikiriza kandi ibindi vyiyumviro canke ubundi buryo bwo kubona

ibintu bwofasha abo barezi b’abana gutahura ingene boshishikara gutera imbere.

Haca hakurikira Kwimenyereza. Iki gice ni nkenerwa mu kwigisha Abavyeyi

Tubaramure. Dushaka kumenya neza ko batahuye ivyo bazokwigisha kandi ko bashoboye kubishikiriza abandi neza. Muri ico gikorwa co mu mugwi muto,

Umupromoteri arashobora gukurikiranira hafi kandi akaza arakosora abagifise ingorane.

Hanyuma Uwurongoye Ivyigwa aca asozerera ku ntambuko zo Kwiyemeza no

Gusuzuma.

Uwujejwe ivyigwa asaba Umuvyeyi Tubaramure (canke abarezi b’abana) kwiyemeza ko bagiye gutangura

kugendera mu ngendo nshasha bamaze kwiga. Ivyo iyo bavyemeye, abarezi b’abana bakwiye kuvyatura mu majambo bivugiye. Abo barezi b’abana ni bo bategerezwa

kwihitiramwo. Nta n’umwe akwiye kubagoberera kwiyemeza ikintu mu gihe bacumva ko batiteguye.

6

Igice ca nyuma ni co Uwujejwe ivyigwa asuzuma ibikorwa vy’Abavyeyi Tubaramure (canke vy’abarezi b’abana)

yishimikije inyigisho bakuye mu cigwa giherutse. Uwujejwe ivyigwa akabahimiriza ngo bagerageze izo ngendo nshasha batari bwashikeko.

Ivyigwa vyose bikurikiza urwo rutonde rushikirijwe aho hejuru. Ivyo vyigwa birashobora kuringanizwa neza iyo bikenewe kugira ngo bijane n’ivyo Umugwi

Tubaramure wawe ukeneye. Ivyigwa ntibikwiye kumara umwanya urenga amasaha abiri naho bishobora gushika ivyigwa bimwe bimwe bigatwara igihe kirekire gusumba ibindi. Umwanya wogenerwa buri gice urerekanwa ngaho musi.

IIzina ry’igice

Umwanya wokenerwa kuri ico gice

Agakino

Guhamagara amazina no Gutora umuti w’ingorane

Inkuru hamwe na Gutohoza (Isanamu ya 1)

Erekana kandi Usigure (Isanamu ya 2)



Igikorwa

Caca

Tomora

Kwimenyereza no Kumenyereza

Kwiyemeza

Gusuzuma

iminota 10

iminota 5- 15

iminota 10

iminota 5

iminota 5

5 iminota

iminota 15

iminota 10

iminota 5

iminota 20

iminota 2

iminota 15

Isaha 2

Gukenguruka

Hanold, Mitzi J. (2010) Ivyokorwa vy’Ibanze mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu Mwitwarariko mu Gihe c’Imbanyi Integuro y’Ivyigwa y’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure.

Washington DC. Food for the Hungry (FH), yashoboye gutunganywa ku bw’ubufasha bwatanzwe na Office of Food for Peace, Bureau of Democracy, Conflict, and Humanitarian Assistances, hamwe kandi na USAID mu masezerano

AID-FFP-09-00004-00. Ivyiyumviro vyashikirijwe ngaha ni ivy’umwanditsi kandi si ukuvuga ko bitegerezwa guserura iciyumviro ca USAID.

Turakengurukiye cane abaducapiye [ngaha ni muhashire izina ry’uwo ngaho iwanyu acapa aya masanamu], Ocatvio Gonzales na Petra Röhr-Rouendaal. Ababitosoye nabo barimwo Carolyn Wetzel (FH), Dr. Dieudonne Bikorimana

(FH), Deanna Olney (IFPRI), Mary Hennigan (CRS), Dr. Dismas Nduwimana

7

(CRS), Isaac Kilimushi-Hamuli (IMC), na Regine Pachis Nihoreho (CRS). Hamwe mwoba mufise ibibazo canke ico mushikiriza, mwoshikira umwanditsi kuri

[email protected].

Ibindi bitabo vyakoreshejwe mu gutegura ibiri muri aka gatabo birimwo ibi bikurikira:

Beck, Diana, et al. Care of the Newborn: Reference Manual. DC: Save the Children, 2004.

Burns, A. August, et al. Where Women Have No Doctor. Berkley: Hesperian Foundation, 1997. Available: http://www.hesperian.org/index.php

Rohr-Roendaal, Petra. Where There is No Artist. Development drawings and how to use them. London, UK: Intermediate Technology Publications,

1997. 100 ways to energize groups: games to use in workshops, meetings and

the community. Available at www.aidsalliance.org. International

HIV/AIDS Alliance, 2002.

mailto:[email protected]://www.aidsalliance.org/

8

Icigwa ca 1: Umwitwarariko w’Imbere yo Kwibaruka no

Kwibarukira kwa Muganga

Abavyeyi bibungenze bazoja gupimisha imbanyi n’iburiburi incuro zitatu mu gihe bazomara bibungenze kuva ku musi wa mbere batanguye kubonerako ibimenyetso bibereka ko bibungenze.Bahanurwa ko boja

gupimisha imbanyi rimwe mu mezi atatu.

Abagore bazoja kwa muganga kwipimisha ni vyashika bakiyumvira ko boba basamye, kandi ivyo bazobikora naho boba bumva ko bamerewe neza ata

ngorane z’amagara bafise.

o Gupimisha imbanyi bifasha kumenya ko umwana ariko arakura neza mu nda kandi ko na nyina abandanya kugira amagara meza.

Abarezi b’abana bazoshobora kudondora ubufasha abagiye gupimisha imbanyi bahabwa.

o Umuganga azopima igikuriro n’ingene umwana ameze mu nda mu

gupima imbanyi y’umugore.

o Umuganga azoha abavyeyi ivyunyunyu vyo kubunganira (fer na vitamine) kugira ngo akingire umwana ingorane zo mu mubiri canke mu mutwe.

o Umuganga arashobora gucandaga umuvyeyi kugira ngo amukingire

tetanus we n’umwana yibunganze.

o Umuganga azosuzuma ko hoba hari imigera (infections) umuvyeyi

yanduye yoshobora kugirira nabi umwana, yoba:

o Imigera itera gukama amaraso (inzoka zo mu nda canke

malariya)

o Imigera yandukira mu bihimba vy’irondoka na SIDA.

o Toxemia (umuvuduko w’ikirenga w’amaraso no kuvyimba

ibiganza no mu maso).

o Umuganga azoca abaha imiti ni hagira imigera abasangamwo.

o Umuganga azopima umuvyeyi kugira ngo arabe ko yoba afise ingwara

canke ubumuga vyotuma ageramirwa no gupfa ariko aribaruka canke hagapfa umwana.

Abarezi b’abana bazotunganya integuro yo kwibaruka.

o Abarezi b’abana bazoza baraziganya amafaranga y’itike rizobashikana kw’ivuriro.

o Abarezi b’abana bazobika impuzu zisukuye z’umwana na nyina. Umuvyeyi arashobora kandi no kuzokenera ibihuzu vyo gutega

amaraso azova ahejeje kwibaruka.

o Abarezi b’abana bazotekera imfungurwa n’amazi umuvyeyi azokwihereza ahejeje kwibaruka.

9

o Abarezi b’abana bazorondera umuntu azosigara abarabira abana bakuze kandi wo gusigarana urugo mu gihe umuvyeyi azoba yagiye

kwibaruka.

Ibikoresho:

1. Ibitabo vyo Guhamagariramwo Amazina vy’Abavyeyi Tubaramure

Icigwa ca 1 mu ncamake:

Agakino: Abantu ku Bandi

Guhamagara Amazina no Gutora Umuti w’Ingorane

Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato iriko irihwezwa: Kuja kwa

Muganga

Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ziri mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho ku mpapuro za 6-11 zivuga ivy’Umwitwarariko

w’imbere yo Kwibaruka, Ubufasha butangwa kwa muganga, no Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka.

Igikorwa: Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka

Gucaca ngo umenye intambamyi zoba ziriho

Gutomora ngo ubereke umuti woshobora gutorerwa izo ntambamyi

Kwimenyereza babiri babiri

Kwiyemeza

Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye no kwitwararika abana mu buryo budasanzwe no kubaha agaciro.

1. Saba umugore wese arondere uwo bakinana maze amuhagarare i ruhande.

2. Ubasigurire ko uwurongoye agakino aza kuvuga ico bakora, maze abo babiri

bagaca bakoranyako ivyo bihimba vy’umubiri bivuzwe.

3. Nk’akarorero, uwurongoye agakino ni yavuga ati, “Umugongo ku wundi”

abariko barakinana baca bahagarara bagakoranyako imigongo. Uwurongoye agakino avuze ati, “Ikiyunguyungu ku kindi” abo bakinana baca bahagarara bagakoranyako ibiyunguyungu. Uwurongoye agakino avuze ati, “Amavi ku

yandi” Uwo ariko arakina aca akoranyako amavi n’uwo bakinana. Ariko rero, uwurongoye agakino ni yavuga ati, “Umuntu ku wundi” umwe wese

ategerezwa guca yiruka kurondera uwo bakinana mushasha.

4. Za urababwira ibindi bishasha bakora ukoresheje ibihimba vy’umubiri

bitandukanye.

5. Shishikara kubabwira ivyo bakora bishasha ukoresheje ibihimba vy’umubiri bitandukanye gushika ubonye ko abo bagore bose bariko baratwenga kandi

binezereje.

1. Agakino: Abantu ku Bandi - iminota 10

10

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, ni muze dutangure icigwa cacu.

2. Guhamagara Amazina no Gutora Umuti

w’Ingorane

1. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa

ca Kane c’Agatabo ka mbere (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera

hamwe n’abo Bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari

ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’Inkerebutsi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro

rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Umu Promoteri agaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu

gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Kuja kwa Muganga (Isanamu 1.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru

Soma inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 4 rw’igitabo mfashanyigisho.

Usigure ivy’abo bantu babiri bavugwa muri iyo nkuru: Karorero ni wa mugore nyene twabonye mu Gitabo (module) duhejeje. Ni Umuvyeyi Tubaramure

kandi yama abonana n’umugwi Tubaramure wiwe buri kwezi. Barumwete nawe ni umwe mu bagize umugwi w’Inkerebutsi urongowe na Karorero.

Tuzokwihweza vyinshi kuri Barumwete hamwe n’ibibazo bimuhanze muri aka Gatabo (module).

Iyi nkuru ni iyo guhimiriza ikiyago ku budasa buri hagati yo kuja kwa muganga kwivuza no kuja kwa muganga mu ntumbero yo kwikingira

ibigeramira amagara (preventive).

Barumwete abonye Karorero ariko ararengana mu nzira. Barumwete

aramubaza, ati “Ugiye hehe?” . Karorero amwishura, ati “Ngiye kwa Muganga. Ndibungenze kandi nshaka ko jewe hamwe n’akayoya nibungenze twoshishikara kugira amagara meza.” Barumwete nawe ati, “Mushishikare kugira amagara

meza? None ugomba kuvuga ko utagwaye? Jeho nahora niyumvira ko abantu

bagwaye gusa ari bo baja kwa muganga.”

11

4. Gutohoza

Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 4 rw’igitabo mfashanyigisho.

Baza ikibazo ca mbere kugira ngo musubiremwo iyo nkuru.

Baza ikibazo kigira kabiri kugira ngo umenye ico abo bagore bizera ku kuja kwa muganga mu ntumbero yo kwikingira ibigeramira ubuzima.

Ubaze ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo urabe ko abo bagore bagiye kwa

muganga gupimisha iyo mbanyi bibungenze.

Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho.

Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku

rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho, uvuge uti “Ku rupapuro rukurikira, turaza kwumva ingene Karorero yishuye Barumwete. Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’ubutumwa buri kuri izi mpapuro

zikurikira

? Mbega Karorero agiye hehe? Kubera iki?

? Ni izihe mvo zotuma umuvyeyi aja kwa muganga kandi atagwaye?

? Mbega waramaze kuja kwa muganga gupimisha iyi mbanyi ufise? Kuki ego canke kuki oya?

Umwitwarariko w’Imbere yo Kwibaruka mu Gihe c’Imbanyi

(Isanamu 1.2) – iminota 5

5. Kwerekana:

Saba abarezi b’abana batondagure ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rw’7.

? Ni ibiki mubona muri aya masanamu?

6. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 6 na 7 z’Agatabo k’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

12

Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Ubufasha Butangwa kwa Muganga (Isanamu 1.3) – iminota 5

7. Kwerekana:

Saba abarezi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rw’9


8. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 8 na 9 z’Igitabo

c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.


Ni waba wiyumvira ko woba wibungenze, ni uje kwa Muganga.

o Bishitse ukumva hari ivyinyagaza mu nda yawe, ja kwa Muganga.

o Bishitse ntuje mu mihango y’ukwezi, ja kwa Muganga.

o Genda ubobane n’umukozi wo kwa Muganga naho woba wumva ko

utagwaye.

o Abo bakozi bo kwa muganga baratanga amavitamine afasha kugira ngo umuvyeyi n’ikibondo bashishikare kugira amagara meza mu gihe

c’imbanyi.

Ja kubonana n’abaganga n’iburiburi gatatu mu gihe c’imbanyi.

o Umuganga amaze kwemeza ko wibungenze, azoca akumenyesha igihe wogarukirako.

o Mu bisanzwe, abagore baja gupimisha imbanyi kwa muganga rimwe

buri mezi atatu.

o Bishitse umuganga akabona ingorane, azoca akubwira kuza urasubirayo kenshi.

o Abaganga bazosuzuma umuvyeyi maze bamushikirize impanuro

zizotuma yibaruka neza.

13

Umuganga arapima ubunini bw’inda kugira ngo atore ingene umwana angana.

o Asanze umwana ari muto cane, aca ashikiriza impanuro zofasha uwo

mwana gukura.

Umuganga agatanga kandi za vitamine n’incanco.

o Izo ncanco zirafasha mu kwirinda tetanus (Rudadaza) ku mwana no ku muvyeyi.

o Vitamine zifasha umuvyeyi n’ikibondo gushishikara kugira amagara

meza no gukomera.

Umuganga aravura n’ingwara zari gushobora kugirira nabi umuvyeyi n’ikibondo.

o Akaraba kw’imerero ry’ingohe ngo arabe ko amaraso yoba adakwiye

(gukama amaraso).

o Akaraba ko intoke canke mu maso hoba havyimvye biturutse ku ngwara yo kuvyimba (toxemia).

o Akavoma ishantiyo y’amaraso kugira ngo agenzure arabe ko

umuvyeyi atagwaye ingwara zandukira mu mpuzabitsina canke SIDA.

Umuganga araraba kandi ko ata ngorane zoshobora gutuma kwibaruka bigorana.

o Iyo umwana aticaye neza mu nda birashobora gutuma amagara

y’umuvyeyi ageramirwa cane mu gihe co kwibaruka.

o Umuganga azofasha umuryango gutegekanya kwibarukira mu bitaro canke kw’ivuriro.

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha Uwigisha

Amavitamine Ahabwa Abavyeyi Bibungenze

Amavitamine akwiye guhabwa abavyeyi bibungenze arimwo ibinini vya folate na fer. Iyo fer tuzoyivugako vyinshi mu cigwa ca 3.

Folate ifasha mu kwirinda kuvyara abana badakwije ibiro no gukinga

ubumuga bw’imitsi y’ubwonko (ubumuga bw’ubwonko canke bw’uruti rw’umugongo). Iyo umugore yibungenze adafise folate ikwiye, ubwonko

n’uruti rw’umugongo vy’umwana ntibishobora gukura ngo bishike ku rugero rushimishije. Ivyo kenshi bigaca vyandurukamwo ubumuga butari bumwe (paralizi) ku mwana.

Urucanco rwa Tetanusi (Rudadaza)

Iyo umuvyeyi yibungenze ahawe urucanco rwa tetanusi (rudadaza), umwana

wiwe nawe aba akingiwe. Uwo muvyeyi aca arungika abasoda b’umubiri (uduhimba two kugwanya tetanusi) mu mwana baciye mu ngovyi (isaho yo kugaburira umwana).

Ibimenyetso vya Tetanusi (Rudadaza)

Ibimenyetso vya tetanusi ku mwana birimwo ubushuhe, kunanirwa kwonka,

kurira adaca, guhemagurika, no kudadarara kw’umubiri.

Toxemie (Preeclampsie)

Hariho ubuvyimbe bumwe bumwe ku muntu afise imbanyi buba ari ubusanzwe na cane cane ubw’amaguru n’ingingo, yamara kuvyimba intoke no mu maso birashobora kuba ibimenyetso vya toxemie. Ibitera toxemia

14

gushika ubu ntibiramenyekana. Ibimenyetso vyayo bikaba umurindi munini w’amaraso, kuvyimba intoke no mu maso, hamwe no gusohora uduhimba

ndemamubiri (proteines) mu mukoyo iyo umuntu yibungenze.

Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka (Isanamu 1.4) – iminota 5

9. Kwerekana:

Ni musabe abarezi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku

rupapuro rwa 11


10. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 10 na 11 z’Agitabo k’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

Ukoreshe amungane ndondozi magufi yanditseko kugira ngo wiyibutse

isanamu ijana na buri ngingo.

Igihe co kwibaruka cegereje, ni utunganye integuro yo kwibaruka.

Uziganye amafaranga y’itike uzokenera mu kwiyunguruza.

Usabe umuntu azogusigaranira abana mu gihe utazoba uhari.

o Urondere umuntu azoza arategura imfungurwa z’umuryango.

Urondere umuntu azoguherekeza kugira ngo agufashe mu gihe uzoba uriko uribaruka kwa Muganga.

o Kandi umusabe azogume hafi yawe mu gihe co kwibaruka n’inyuma yaho.

Ubike impuzu zifise isiku zawe n’iz’umwana. Utegure imfungurwa n’amazi uzokwihereza uhejeje kwibaruka.

? Ni kuki bihambaye ko wokwitegurira kwibaruka ubu?

15

11. Igikorwa: Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka

– iminota 15

1. Ongera mwihweze urupapuro rwa nyuma rwo mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho rw’iki cigwa co“Gutunganya Integuro yo Kwibarukira kwa

Muganga.”

2. Ubabaze ko muri bo hoba harimwo abavyeyi bamaze kwibarukira kwa muganga. Mbega hoba hariho ibintu bari bakeneye bitaboneka muri iki Gitabo

c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho? Mbega hari ibikoresho vyashizwe muri iki Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho batakeneye?

3. Baza umuvyeyi wese uti, “Mbega uramaze kwegeranya ivyo uzokenera vyose mu kwibaruka?” Asangwa umuvyeyi atararonka ivyo azokenera vyose, mubaze igihe ategekanya kubigurirako. Uhimirize umuvyeyi wese kugira ngo

kuva uyu musi atere intambwe yo gutangura kuza Aratunganya Integuro yo Kwibaruka.

4. Baza abagize uwo mugwi uti, “Mbega hakenewe amafaranga angahe y’itike ryo gushika kwa Muganga?”

5. Baza umuvyeyi wese uti, “Mbega wotangura kuza uraziganya amafaranga

y’itike?”

6. Baza umuvyeyi wese uti, “Ni nde woshobora gusaba kuzogusigaranira abandi

bana bawe igihe uzoba udahari wagiye kwibaruka?”

7. Ni muyage ku bibazo vyose boba bafise bijanye no gutunganya integuro yo kwibaruka. Uhimirize abataratangura gutunganya integuro ko botangura uyu

musi.

8. Ubibutse kandi ko bihambaye ko iyo nteguro boyiyaga n’abagize umuryango

bose maze bagatangura kwitegurira ivuka.

12. Gucaca – iminota 10

? None ibi vyiyumviro muvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega hoba hariho ibintu vyoshobora kukubuza gukurikiza ingendo duhejeje kuyagako uyu musi?

Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande yabo. Ni bavugane nawe

amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce usaba

Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.

16

13. Gutomora – iminota 5

Bafashe kuronka umuti w’amadidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza amakenga y’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo

bazirikane umuti yashikirije.

14. Kwimenyereza no kumenyereza ─ iminota 20

1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi

bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera mu vyo bigishijwe; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba

igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi Muvyeyi Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa

zikurikira zo mu Gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwumviriza, agakosora, kandi agafasha Abavyeyi Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.

15. Kwiyemeza ─ iminota 2

? Mbega uragomba gufata ingingo ijanye n’inyigisho wumvise uyu musi? None icemezo cawe ni ikihe?

17

Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona

ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoyaga n’umufasha wanje ivyo gutunganya integuro yo kwibaruka. Kandi niyemeje ko nzoza ndaja gupimisha imbanyi rimwe mu mezi atatu. Niyemeje ko nzokwihutira kuja kwa Muganga ni nabona ibimenyetso

binyereka ko noba nibungenze.

16. Gusuzuma ─ iminota 15

Baza abo bavyeyi umwe umwe ku vyemezo bari bafashe.

? Mbega mu cigwa giherutse wari wiyemeje gukora iki? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro?

? Gute – Ni iki wakoze?

Hanyuma uce ubaza abo bagore bose umwe umwe ku ngendo bagize mu ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Mbega hari ingendo nshasha mu vy’amagara woba waragerageje gushira

mu ngiro kuva igihe twaheruka guhurira mu nama?

Mbega uremera ko ushobora kugira ivyo wohindura vyokuzanira akarusho

k’amagara meza mu buzima bwawe?

Mbega warayaze n’abandi bagore bo mu mugwi wawe ku vyo kugira ivyo bahindura mu rugo?

18

Icigwa ca 2: Ingaburo y’Umuvyeyi

Abavyeyi bibungenze bazokwongereza isahani canke agasahani k’imfungurwa

ku vyo basanzwe bafungura buri musi kugira ngo ikibondo gikure neza mu kiringo c’imbanyi.

o Abarezi b’abana bazoyaga ku kamaro ko kunganisha imfungurwa

abagize umuryango bafungura badasize inyuma ivy’imfungurwa zokongerwa abagore iyo bibungenze.

Abagore bibungenze bazofungura ubwoko bwinshi bw’imfungurwa zifise amabara atandukanye.

Imisi yose, abagore bibungenze bazoza barihereza ibiribwa vyo muri buri

mugwi mu migwi itatu y’imfungurwa harimwo ivyo mu mugwi w’insanganyangaburo (ivyamwa n’imboga) ivyo mu mugwi w’indemamubiri

(inyama, amata, ibiharage, n’ivyema), hamwe n’ivyo mu mugwi w’intanganguvu (intete, imbumbarugo n’amavuta).4

o Abagore bibungenze bazoronka akaryo ko gushikiriza ivyiyumviro ku

mfungurwa nsubirizi boshobora gutegura zikaba arizo bihereza iyo ibisanzwe bifungurwa mu muryango batakibifitiye akayabagu kubera

gusesemwa.

Abagore bibungenze bazokwirinda gukoresha itabi n’inzoga mu gihe cose bazomara bibungenze kugira ngo ntibazohave bavyara umwana adakwije

ibiro.

Abarezi b’abana bazokwihutira kuja kwa muganga ubwo nyene bakibona ibimenyetso bibereka ko boba bibungenze bikurikira:

o Kuva amaraso mu gihimba c’irondoka

o Kumeneka umutwe cane

o Kuribwa mu nda cane

o Kudahwa kudahesha

Ibikoresho:



Agakino: Ni nde Ari Umurongozi


Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato iriko irihwezwa: Imbanyi ya

Barumwete Itamworoheye

4 Diverse diet with many colors will help to increase the micronutrients in the diet:

phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc, magnesium, and iron (LDM). Objectives containing a black diamond were recommended messages based on the

Local Determinants of Malnutrition Study.

19

Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho iri ku mpapuro za 14-19 z’iki cigwa mu Gitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho ku vyo Kwongereza

Imfungurwa n’Amoko yazo, Ubwoko Butatu bw’Imfungurwa, hamwe n’Ibimenyetso vyo Kugeramirwa ku Mugore yibungenze.

Igikorwa: Gutegekanya Imfungurwa Zitera Amagara Meza



Kwimenyereza

Kwiyemeza

Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye no Gupimisha Imbanyi no Gutunganya integuro yo Kwibaruka.

1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bicare mu muzingi. Umwe avyigombeye ace

asohoka hanze.

2. Uwo yavyigombeye amaze gusohoka, umugwi usigaye uca witorera

umurongozi. Uwo murongozi ategerezwa kuza arakora ibintu bitandukanye, nko gukoma amashi, kudida ukuguru hasi, canke gukomanya intoke zibiri

zikavuga. Ico uwo murongozi akoze cose abandi bose bo muri uwo mugwi baca bacigana.

3. Umwe yasohoka avyigombeye aragaruka maze agahagarara hagati mu muzingi. Igikorwa ciwe ni ico kugerageza kuvumbura uwo murongozi wo

mw’ibanga. Uwo murongozi aza arahindura ivyo akora mw’ibanga ku buryo adafatwa. Abagize umugwi nabo bakamukingira mu kutaza baramuraba.

4. Mw’ibanga, umurongozi w’umugwi atangura ikindi gikorwa nk’uko yari yabigize mu minota mike iheze. Abandi baza barakurikira uwo murongozi bakorana nawe ico akoze. Haciye ayandi masegonda make, yongera

gutanguza ikindi gishasha. Kandi ubwo nyene abandi bakimara kubona ko yahinduye, bakwiye nabo guca basubiramwo ico uwo murongozi wabo akoze.

5. Uwo arondera umurongozi bishitse akamutora, we aca yinjira mu muzingi, umwe yari umurongozi nawe agaca asohoka hanze kugira ngo hatorwe

uwundi murongozi.

6. Ako gakino ni mugasubiremwo incuro nyinshi.

? Mbega aka kagino twokigirako iki kijanye n’ubuzima? Birashika ugasanga uwufata ingingo aranyegeje ntashoka aboneka.

Kenshi iyo tubonanye n’abagore mu ngo zabo, twama dusanga hariho abandi bo mu muryango babarongora canke babatuma gufata ingingo bafata.

Birakenewe ko dushikiriza inyigisho abagore, ariko kandi tukanabafasha

gushikiriza izo nyigisho abafise ijambo mu miryango yabo.

1. Agakino: Ni nde Ari Umurongozi - iminota 10

20

Hinge noneho dutangure icigwa.

2. Guhamagara Amazina no Gutora Umuti w’Ingorane


ca Kane c’Igitabo ca mbere (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize

ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari

ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi

nshasha muri iyo migwi y’ababanyi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.



Imbanyi ya Barumwete (Isanamu 2.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru

Soma inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 12 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho.

Iyo nkuru itubwira ukuntu Barumwete afise imbanyi itamworoheye. Iyo

twihweje neza ku masanamu, turabona ko ingorane imwe ari uko bose badahabwa imfungurwa zingana muri urwo rugo, hari abahabwa bike abandi

bagahabwa vyinshi.

Barumwete nawe aribungenze. Iyo mbanyi yaramugoye. Akora amasaha menshi

mu mirima, ariko kenshi yama arushe. Nta nguvu aronka zo guheza ico aba

ariko arakora. Barumwete yihereza za mfungurwa nyene yari asanzwe afungura buri musi, ariko ntiyunguka ibiro. Arazi ko n’umwana yibungenze atariko arakura

neza. Arafise ubwoba ko akayoya kiwe koba kagwaye.

4. Gutohoza

Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 12 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanyigisho.

Soma ibibazo bibiri vya mbere vyofasha abavyeyi gutomboza ibibatera intege nke, no kutunguka ibiro. Barumwete arakwiye kuza araruhuka iyo

yibungenze kandi akagerageza kudakora cane nk’uko yahora akora iyo

21

atibungenze. Arakwiye kandi kurushiriza kuza arafungura ibifungurwa bitandukanye, kandi akarya kenshi gusumba.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo urabe ko abavyeyi bemera ko abavyeyi

bibungenze bikenewe ko buhindura ingene bari bazanzwe bafungura n’ingene bari basanzwe bakora iyo bibungenze.

Himiriza ikiyago. Nturondere gukosora “inyishu zitari zo”. Reka umwe

wese atange iciyumviro ciwe. Iyi paje ni iy’ikiyago, si iy’inyigisho.

Abari ngaho bamaze kwishura ku kibazo ca nyuma, uce wimukira ku rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho, uvuge uti

“Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni kuki imbanyi ya Barumwete yamugoye?

? None izo ngorane zose zanduruka ku ki?

? Mbega wewe warahinduye ingene usanzwe ufungura n’ingene usanzwe ukora kuva aho umariye kwibungenga?

Gute?

Kugwiza Ubwinshi n’Amoko y’Imfungurwa(Isanamu 2.2)

5. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 15.


6. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 14 na 15 z’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.


Buri musi ni wihereze isahani canke agasahani k’imfugurwa ziyongera ku zo wari usanzwe ufungura.

o Izo mfungurwa arenzako ni zo ziha inguvu umuvyeyi yibungenze.

o Izo mfungurwa zirenzeko ni zo zifasha umwana gukura.

o Asangwa usanzwe kandi wonsa uwundi mwana, buri musi ni

22

wongerezeko amasahani abiri canke udusahani tubiri.

o Maze ubandanye kwonsa gushika igihe uwundi azovukira.

Kuva ukimara kumenya ko wibungenze, uze urarya vyinshi gusumba ivyo

wahora ufungura.

o Umugabo ari muri iyi sanamu agomba ko umugore wiwe yogira amagara meza, yama rero yitwararika ko iyo yibungenze, yihereza

ibindi bifungurwa birenze ku vyo yahora afungura.

Uze uraruhuka bikwiye iyo wibungenze. Kandi ugabanye akazi wahora ukora.

o Gabura akazi kawe gakorwe n’abandi bari mu muryango.

o Gira ibiringo vyo kuruhuka iyo uriko urakora, wicare uruhuke.

Ugire umuziro kunywa itabi canke inzoga iyo wibungenze.

o Itabi n’inzoga vyongereza ingorane yo kuvyara abana b’intege nke canke badakwije ibiro.


Itabi n’Inzoga

Icigwa cakorewe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika carerekanye ko kugeramirwa no kuvyara umwana adakwije ibiro kwiyongera gushika ku bice

26 kw’ijana ku masigareti atanu yose umuntu anyoye ku musi. Ibiharuro nk’ivyo vyarerekanywe kandi ku muntu anyoye ibirahuri bitatu vy’inzoga ku musi. Uworondera kumenya vyinshi, yoshobora kuronderera kuri:

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/121/6/843

Imigwi Itatu y’Ibifungurwa (Isanamu 2.3) – iminota 5

7. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 17.


8. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 16 na 17 z’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.


http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/121/6/843

23

o Hariho imigwi itatu y’ibifungurwa: Ndemamubiri, ntanganguvu, na

nsanganyangaburo.

Imfungurwa ndemamubiri zidufasha kugira amagufa akomeye n’imisoso.

o Ni wihereze imyama n’amafi.

o Wihereze imfungurwa z’amata nk’amata nyene hamwe n’ikivuguto.

o Ni wihereze amagi.

o Ufungure ibiharage, ivyema, n’ibinyambuto.

Imfungurwa ntanganguvu zituronsa inguvu n’inkomezi mu bikorwa vyacu vya misi yose.

o Wihereze amavuta nk’amamesa, ibinure vy’inyama, hamwe n’amavuta

y’inka.

o Ni wihereze ibiterwa vy’imizi nk’imyumbati, amateke, hamwe n’ibijumbu.

o Wihereze imfungurwa z’intete nk’ibigori n’umuceri.

o Wihereze amasukari nk’ubuki canke isukari y’igikaju.

Imfungurwa nsanganyangaburo zidukingira ingwara.

o Wihereze imboga nk’amashu, intore, n’imboga z’amababi.

o Wihereze ivyamwa nk’imihwi, amavoka, amapera, papaye, n’imyembe.

Imisi yose, wihereze imfungurwa zo muri iyo migwi itatu y’imfungurwa.

o Wongereze gato ku bwinshi bw’ivyo bifungurwa mu vyo umuryango wawe wihereza buri musi.

o Wihereze igifungurwa kimwe co muri buri mugwi buri musi.

? Ni ibihe bimwe mu bifungurwa mbumbarugo mwama mwihereza buri musi? Mbega vyoba bibonekamwo n’iburiburi igifungurwa kimwe co muri buri mugwi?

? Mbega hoba hariho imfungurwa ziri kuri uru rupapuro woba utihereza? None ni kuki utazifungura?


Imiziro

Hariho abantu bamwe bemera ko igitigu gitera abagore n’abana guhongoka

amenyo; yamara ivyo si ukuri. Igitigu ni co kintu ca mbere umuntu yoshobora gukuramwo icunyunyu fer kandi ni cogifungurwa yokwihereza cubaka umubiri.

Abantu bamwe bemeza ko amavoka n’amata bituma umwana agira ibiro

“vyinshi cane”. Amata n’amavoka birimwo ivyunyunyu vyinshi kandi birashobora gutuma umuntu yongereza ibiro. Yamara rero, iyo umuntu agiye aravyiherezako duke duke buri ndwi, biragirira akamaro cane amagara

y’umuvyeyi. Iyo bibonetse ko habaye kwiyongera kw’ibiro cane, abavyeyi barashobora guca basubiriza amata canke amavoka n’ikindi gifungurwa co

muri uwo mugwi nyene w’ibifungurwa nk’uko bavyifuza.

Ibimenyetso vyo Kugeramirwa ku Wibungenze (Isanamu 2.4) –

iminota 5

9. Kwerekana:

24

Ni musabe abarezi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 19 rw’igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.


10. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 18 na 19 z’igitabo



Ni wabona kimwe mu bimenyetso bikurikira vyo kugeramirwa, nyarukira kwa muganga udahengeshanije.

o Mbere n’abagore basanzwe bafungura neza kandi bakaruhuka bikwiye

iyo bibungenze birashika bakagira ingorane.

o Ntubanze kurindira ngo urabe ko vyiheza.

o Nyarukira kwa muganga kwivuza.

Gucishako (kuva amaraso mu gihimba c’irondoka kandi wibungenze)

Kumeneka umutwe cane

o Kumeneka umutwe cane no kuvyimba intoke canke mu maso ni ibimenyetso vyerekana ko imbanyi yawe igeramiwe.

Kuribwa cane mu nda

Kudahwa kudahagarara


Preeclampsia (toxemia)

Ni urabe mu Cigwa ca 1 kugira ngo umenye vyinshi kuri toxemia.

11. Igikorwa: Gutegekanya Imfungurwa Zitera Amagara Meza – iminota 15

1. Saba umugore wese atoranye uwo bafashanya mu mugwi.

2. Maze uce ubasaba kuyaga ku mfungurwa basanzwe bategurira umuryango.

25

3. Ni ubahimirize kwiyumvira ingene boshobora kwongereza imfungurwa z’ayandi mabara, n’imfungurwa zo muri buri mugwi w’imfungurwa mu vyo

bagaburira umuryango. Basabe kandi kuyaga ku mfungurwa canke udufungurwa bokwiyongera buri musi iyo bibungenze.

4. Usabe kandi umugore wese gutoranya igifungurwa kimwe canke bibiri yokwongereza mu vyo agaburira umuryango buri ndwi, hamwe n’akandi gasahani bokongerako kugira ngo bongereze ubwinshi bw’ibiribwa bihereza

buri musi.

5. Inyuma y’iminota 10, saba abo bagore bashikirize ivyiyumviro vyabo mu

mugwi bose bamaze kuja hamwe.

6. Himiriza ikiyago.

12. Gucaca: iminota 10

? None ibi vyiyumviro uvyiyumvirako iki? Mbega hoba hariho ibintu vyoshobora kukubuza gukurikiza ingendo duhejeje kuyagako uyu musi?

Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande rwabo. Ni bavugane nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce

usaba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.





1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu

mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buryo bwo kwigisha.

26

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu batemera muri izo nyigisho; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba

igoye kuri bo.

3. Abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bashikiriza izo nyigisho bakwiye kugerageza

gufasha abo bagore gutsinda izo ntambamyi.

4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi Muvyeyi Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri z’iki cigwa

zikurikira zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.

5. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwumviriza, agakosora, kandi agafasha Abavyeyi

Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.



Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona

ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje ko nzoza ndafungura n’iburiburi igifungurwa kimwe co muri buri mugwi w’ibifungurwa buri musi. Kandi niyemeje ko nzoza ndafungura vyinshi gusumba ivyo nahora mfungura iyo nibungenze. Niyemeje kandi

kuzokwongerako imfungurwa z’amabara atandukanye mu mfungurwa ntegurira umuryango. Niyemeje kuyaga n’umufasha wanje ku vyo kwongereza

imfungurwa nshasha mu mfungurwa z’umuryango wacu.




27


Hanyuma uheze ubaze abo bavyeyi bose umwe umwe ku ngendo bagize mu

ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Mbega hari uwundi muntu mwayaze ivyo kuja kuvyarira kwa muganga? None hari umuntu wamaze gusaba kuzogusigaranira urugo mu gihe utazoba

uhari wagiye kwa muganga kwibaruka? Mbega waragiye gupimisha imbanyi yawe mu mezi atatu aheze? None

uzosubirayo ryari?

28

Icigwa ca 3: Ivyunyunyu (Fer na Iyode)

Abarezi b’abana bazoshobora kudondora ingene icunyunyu fer gifasha mu gukomeza abavyeyi n’abana kugira ngo kwibaruka no kuvuka bizogende

neza.

o Iyo mu mubiri harimwo icunyunyu fer gikwiye, umuvyeyi n’umwana baba bakomeye mu gihe co kwibaruka no kuvuka.

o Iyo umuvyeyi yakamye amaraso, uwo muvyeyi aba ageramiwe cane

n’urupfu kubera ko kwibaruka gutwara umwanya munini kandi agatakaza amaraso menshi.

o Iyo umwana afise amaraso make, uwo mwana arashobora kuvuka hatageze, canke akavuka ari muto cane, canke akavuka yapfuye.

Abavyeyi bibungenze bazokwongerezwa icunyunyu fer (vitamine) kugira ngo ntibakame amaraso.

Abavyeyi bibungenze bazoza barihereza imfungurwa zirimwo icunyunyu fer

cinshi buri musi harimwo ibiharage, lentiye, imboga z’ibara ry’icatsi kibisi, hamwe n’inyama zo mu nda n’izo mu mutwe.

o Igitigu ni yo ndya ya mbere umuvyeyi yoshobora kwihereza kugira ngo

yongereze icunyunyu fer.

Abarezi b’abana bazoshobora gutahura ibimenyetso vyo gukama amaraso no

kuronderera ubufasha kwa muganga.

o Imbere y’imerero ry’ingohe, mu nzara, no ku rurimi heruruka (canke hatagiramwo amaraso) iyo icunyunyu fer kidakwiye.

o Abantu bamwe bakuze n’abana bifuza kurya imicafu iyo bafise icunyunyu fer gike mu mubiri. Ukwo kwifuza ni imburi yobamenyesha

ko umubiri ukeneye kwongerezwa icunyunyu fer.

Abavyeyi bibungenze bazokwirinda mu gihe co gufungura, kwihereza

imfungurwa zinunuza icunyunyu fer, nk’icayi, kakawo, ikawa, n’ibindi binyobwa birimwo kafeyine.

Abarezi b’abana bazoshobora gusigura ingene iyode ironsa inguvu abavyeyi

n’utuyoya kugira ngo kwibaruka no kuvuka bizogende neza.

o Iyode ifasha ubwonko bw’umwana ariko arakura gutera imbere. Iyo icunyunyu iyode ari gike cane, ivyo bironona ubwonko bw’umwana

bigatuma abana batazoshobora gukora neza mw’ishure.

o Ubuke bw’icunyunyu iyode buratuma abana bapfa bariko baravuka

(canke imbanyi igakoroka).

Abavyeyi bibungenze boza barongereza akunyu gake karimwo iyode mu

mfungurwa zabo buri musi iyo bibungenze canke bonsa.

Ibikoresho:


2. Agapaki k’umunyu urimwo icunyunyu iyode*

3. Igisanzwe kibikwamwo ibinini birimwo icunyunyu fer*

29


Agakino: Hagarara i Ruhande y’Uwundi Muntu


Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato iriko irihwezwa: Barumwete Afise Ibizunguzungu

Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho iri ku mpapuro 22-26

z’Agatabo k’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho ku vy’akamaro k’icinyunyu fer n’Ibimenyetso vyo kugikena, Kwiyongereza icunyunyu fer mu mfungurwa no

mu mavitane, hamwe n’Akamaro k’icunyunyu Iyode n’Ibimenyetso vyo Kugikena.

Igikorwa: Kwihweza Ibimenyetso




Kwiyemeza

Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje no mu nyifato zijanye

n’ingaburo y’umuvyeyi.

1. Saba abo bagore kuva hasi maze baze baratambuka buke buke.

2. Ubasigurire ko uwurongoye agakino aza kuvuga ubwoko bumwe bw’impuzu (canke ibiranga impuzu) maze abo bagore bagaca biruka baja guhagarara i

ruhande y’uwo yambaye impuzu ihejeje kuvugwa canke kudondorwa.

3. Nk’akarorero uwurongoye agakino arashobora kuvuga ati, “Ni mundonderere umuntu yambaye ibitukura.” Muri ico gihe abagore baca biruka bakaja

guhagarara i ruhande y’uwambaye ibitukura. Uwo yambaye ibitukura we aca ahagarara akarindira ko abandi baza kumukikuza.

4. Hanyuma uwurongoye agakino akabwira abo bagore kwongera kugendagenda. Akongera kubabwira ikindi bakora, nk’akarorero ati, “ni

mundonderere umuntu yambaye amaherena” Uwo yambaye amaherena aca ahagarara kugira ngo abandi baze kumukikuza.

5. Ubandanye kuza urategeka abo bagore ico bakora, kandi ubahimiriza ngo

bagendagende mu kurindira ko ubabwira utanga irindi tegeko.

6. Gerageza kubategeka ibintu bijanye n’ivyigwa vyatambutse, nk’ibi ngo “ni

mundonderere umuntu yagiye gupimisha imbanyi” canke ngo “ni mundonderere umuntu abana biwe bose abaha agaciro kamwe”

7. Uhe n’abandi bo mu mugwi akaryo ko kurongora ako gakino.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, hinge dutangure icigwa.

1. Agakino: Hagarara i Ruhande y’Uwundi

Muntu - iminota 10

30


w’Ingorane

1. Umu Promoteri akwiye kwandika ku mpapuro z’abitavye inama z’Umuvyeyi Tubaramure wese nk’uko vyerekanywe mu gakino k’akarorero ko mu Cigwa ca Kane c’Igitabo Mfashanyigisho ca mbere (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera

hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi nshasha muri iyo migwi y’Inkerebutsi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro

rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.

4. Umu Promoteri agaheza agashimira abo bagore bose ku mwete berekana mu gikorwa kandi akabahimiriza ngo bashishikare.

Barumwete Afise Ibizunguzungu (Isanamu 3.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru

Ni musome inkuru iri ku rupapuro rwa 20 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho.

Iyo nkuru ivuga ivy’ibimenyetso vyerekana umuntu afise icunyunyu fer gike (yakamye amaraso). Barumwete yarananiwe gufungura neza kandi imbanyi

yiwe ishishikara kumutera ingorane.

Karorero aciye ku rugo kwa Barumwete maze abona Barumwete yicaye hasi.

Karorero aramubaza, ati “Ufise iyihe ngorane?”. Barumwete yishura ko yafashwe n’ikizunguzungu maze aca yicara hasi. Karorero aravye ku ruhu no mu nzara vya Barumwete abona bireruruka. Kandi arahezagirika.

4. Gutohoza

Ni usome ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 20 rw’Igitabo Mfashanyigisho.

Ubaze ibibazo bibiri vya mbere kugira ngo ufashe abo bagore gutomboza

imvo ingwara ya Barumwete yandurutseko.

Baza ikibazo ca nyuma kugira ngo umenye ingene abo bagore bokwifata canke bovura iyo ngwara.

31



rupapuro rukurikira rw’igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

? Ni ibiki bitagenda neza kuri Barumwete?

? None iyo ngwara yiwe yanduruka ku ki?

? Ni iki Barumwete yoshobora gukora kugira ngo akire iyo ngwara?

Akamaro k’Icunyunyu Fer hamwe n’Ibimenyetso vyo Kugikena mu

Mubiri (Isanamu 3.2) – iminota 5

5. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 23.


6. Gusigura:

Shikiriza inyigisho nyamukuru ukoresheje impapuro za 22 na 23 z’Igitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.



32

Abavyeyi bafise icunyunyu fer gike baragira ingorane mu kwibaruka.

o Icunyunyu fer ni icunyunyu kiboneka mu mfungurwa zimwe zimwe.

o Iyo umuntu afise icunyunyu fer gike biramugora gukora amasaha

menshi.

o Icunyunyu fer gike kirashobora gutuma umuntu ahezagirika kandi umutima ukiruka cane.

o Abavyeyi benshi bafise icunyunyu fer kidakwiye bapfa bariko

baribaruka.

Icunyunyu fer gitera inguvu kandi kigafasha umuvyeyi gukora cane.

o Icunyunyu fer gituma amaraso y’umuvyeyi n’ay’umwana akomera.

o Icunyunyu fer giha umuvyeyi inguvu zo gutera (mu kwibaruka).

Iminwa, kw’imerero ry’ingohe, n’inzara vyeruruka ni ikimenyetso c’icunyunyu fer kidakwiye.

o Amaraso akomeye aba ari umutuku w’agahama.

o Iyo amaraso adakomeye, aca ata ibara agacekuka.

Gutwaririza kurya imicafu ni ikimenyetso c’icunyunyu fer kidakwiye.

o Ico ni ikimenyetso cerekana ko umubiri ukeneye ikindi cunyunyu fer.

o Muri ico gihe uzoce uja kubonana n’umuganga kugira ngo

muvugane ukuntu woza urafata amavitamine ya fer.


Icunyunyu fer

Iyo umuntu yibungenze, ubwinshi bw’amaraso ari mu mubiri wiwe bwiyongerako 50%.

Icunyunyu fer kirakenewe mu gutwara impwemu nziza duhema ziri mu

maraso ngo zishike mu bihimba vy’umubiri no mu nsimbizo isanzwe ari yo igaburira umwana mu nda.

Gukama Amaraso (Gukena icunyunyu fer mu mubiri)

Gukena icunyunyu fer kurashobora kwanduruka ku kutihereza imfungurwa zirimwo icunyunyu fer cinshi, yamara kandi kugashobora no kwanduruka ku

gutakaza amaraso menshi mu gihe co kuja mu kwezi, canke kubera inzoka zo mu nda, canke malariya.

Abagore bakamye amaraso cane baba bageramiwe no guhitanwa n’imbanyi

canke no kwibaruka ku bice 3.5 gusumba abandi bagore badafise iyo ngorane yo gukama amaraso.

Iyo ngorane ishikira abangana gute

Nk’uko tubishikirizwa na UNICEF, ibice 50 kw’ijana vy’abakenyezi bibungenze na 40-50% vy’abana batarakwiza imyaka 5 bo mu bihugu bitaratera imbere

barakenye icunyunyu fer.

Inkurikizi

Abavyeyi bakenye icunyunyu fer barageramurwa cane no kuvyara abana batageze, kuvyara abana badakwije ibiro bandukiwe n’imigera y’ingwara, canke bafise abasoda b’umubiri badafise inguvu, batazoshobora kwiga

amashure, bafise ubumuga bw’umubiri, mbere iyo bimeze nabi cane bigashika bagapfa.

33

Ongereza Icunyunyu Fer mu Kwihereza Imfungurwa na Vitamine

(Isanamu 3.3) – iminota 5

7. Kwerekana:

Ni musabe abarezi b’abana gutondagura ivyo babona mu masanamu ari ku rupapuro rwa 25.


8. Gusigura:




Wihereze imfungurwa zirimwo icunyunyu cinshi ca fer kugira ngo wirinde gukama amaraso no kuzohura n’ingorane uriko uribaruka.

o Wihereze ibiharage na lantiye buri musi.

o Ufungure imboga z’ivyatsi buri musi.

o Ufungure imyama zo mu nda nk’amafyigo, umutima, canke

igitigu rimwe buri ndwi.

o Igitigu ni co gifungurwa ca mbere umugore yokwihereza kugira ngo yongereze icunyunyu fer.

Wirinde kunywa icayi canke ikawa uriko urafungura.

o Bene ivyo binyobwa bica binunuza fer yari mu vyo wihereje.

o Asangwa utegerezwa kubinywa, urindire n’iburiburi inyuma

y’isaha imwe uhejeje gufungura.

Unywe ibinini vya fer (vitamine) iyo wibungenze kugira ngo wirinde gukama amaraso n’ingorane wozohava ugira mu kwibaruka.

o Uze uranywa ibinini vya fer mu misi yose uzoba wibungenze

kugira ngo amaraso yawe n’ay’ikibondo ashishikare kuba ayakomeye.

Unywe ibinini vya fer imisi yose iyo ufunguye.

o Unywe amazi menshi kandi urye ivyamwa vyinshi, imboga

nyinshi, ibiharage vyinshi, n’ivyema vyinshi kugira ngo bigufashe kutuzura inda.


Ibinini vy’Icunyunyu Fer

34

Ibinini vy’icunyunyu fer (vyitwa kandi sulfate de fer) canke vitamine z’abibungenze bikwiye kuba biriho kugira ngo abavyeyi bibungenze n’abonsa

bashobore kubironka ku mavuriro.

Abagore bakwiye kunywa ibinini vya fer buri musi, bakaza barabifatana n’imfungurwa bishobotse bagatangura inyuma yo kuja gupimisha imbanyi

ubwa mbere.

Ingorane ivyo binini bishobora gutera

Abagore benshi baramererwa nabi iyo bafashe ibinini vya fer. Zimwe mu ngorane ivyo binini bishobora gutera zirimwo ingorane mu mushishito, ikirungurira, no kwuzura inda. Kugira ngo urabe ko abavyeyi boshishikara

gufata ivyo binini vya fer, ubasigurire akamaro ko kubijanisha n’imfungurwa, na cane cane bishobotse ku mfungurwa zo mu gitondo canke iza saa sita.

Kunywa amazi menshi no gufungura imfungurwa zirimwo utugozi (fibre)

birafasha mu gukingira izo ngorane ivyo binini bishobora gutera. Imfungurwa zifise utugozi zirimwo: ibiharage, ivyema, ivyamwa, n’imboga.

Iyo abagore badashoboye gushishikara gufata ivyo binini vya fer kubera ko bibamerera nabi, ubasabe gutangura buke buke, ikinini bakagicamwo kubiri,

canke bakaza barasimbisha umusi mu kubifata gushika igihe bazoba bashobora gufata igitigiri gitegetswe.

Akamaro k’Icunyunyu Iyode hamwe n’Ibimenyetso vyo Kugikena

mu Mubiri (Isanamu 3.4) – iminota 5

9. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 27.


10. Gusigura:




35

Umwana yavukanye iyode ikwiye azogira ubwenge mw’ishure.

o Iyode ni icunyunyu kiboneka mu mfungurwa zimwe zimwe.

o Iyode ituma ubwenge bw’umwana bukura neza.

Kandi iyode ibaye nke cane birashobora gutuma umwana apfa.

o Ubwenge n’umubiri vy’umwana birashobora guhagarara ntibibe

bigikura maze bigatuma umwana apfa.

Umwingo mw’izosi ni ikimenyetso cerekana ko iyode ari nke cane.

o Mbere naho umugore yibungenze yoba adafise umwingo, arakenera kwongereza iyode ku mfungurwa ziwe.

Ongerako akunyu gake karimwo iyode mu mfungurwa z’umuryango buri

musi.

o Abagore bibungenze bakenera iyode nyinshi gusumba abandi bagore.

o Gukoresha umunyu urimwo iyode ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo

kwongereza iyode.


Umunyu Urimwo Icunyunyu Iyode

Kuva mu mwaka w’1990, ibihugu34 vyarashizeho amategeko asaba ko

umunyu wose uribwa n’abantu n’ibitungwa ukwiye kuba urimwo iyode

Gukena Icunyunyu Iyode

Nk’uko twabishikirijwe n’ibiharuro vya UNICEF mu 2008, 98% vy’ingo z’Abarundi bafungura neza umunyu urimwo iyode

Iyode ni icunyunyu kirumara mw’iterambere no mu gukura kw’umubiri w’umuntu.

Gukena Iyode ni yo nyanduruko izwi cane y’ingorane zo mu mutwe kw’isi

yoshobora gutuzwa. Ubwoko bw’ikehabwenge bumeze nabi gusumba ubundi mu buterwa no gukena iyode ni ubwitwa cretinisme. Abantu bashika ku

miliyoni 20 kw’isi barafise ingorane zo mu mutwe ku ngero zitandukanye zanduruka ku gukena iyode.

Ingorane ziterwa no gukena iyode zirashobora gutuma abantu batwara

imbanyi zirimwo ingorane zishobora gukoroka, kuvyara abapfuye, no kuvyara abana badakwije ibiro bafise amahirwe make yo kubaho.

Ibimenyetso vyo Gukena Icunyunyu Iyode

Umwingo na hypothyroidism (iyode nkeya cane) ni vyo bimenyetso vyo gukena iyode. Hypothyroidism iragoye cane kubona hadakoreshejwe ibipimo

vyo mu maraso kubera ko ibimenyetso biyiranga bishobora kwanduruka ku mvo myinshi. Ibimenyetso vya hypothyroidism ni ukwiyumvamwo uburuhe, akabonge, kwuma uruhu, kwiyumvamwo imbeho idasanzwe, no kwuzura inda

36

11. Igikorwa: Kwihweza Ibimenyetso – iminota 15

1. Ereka abo bagore akapaki k’umunyu urimwo iyode. Ubasigurire ikimenyetso bakwiye kugenda barondera kiranga ako gapaki.

2. Ereka abo bagore agacupa k’ibinini vya fer. Ubasigurire aho bashobora kubironderera n’incuro bakwiye kubifata.

3. Hanyuma, usabe abo bagore bo mu mugwi kurabana ku mihogo. Mbega mu

mugwi murabonyemwo abagore boba bafise imihogo ivyimvye? None baragiye kwa muganga gusaba iyode?

4. Baza umugwi uti, «Ni bangahe muri mwebwe muhora mushira umunyu urimwo iyode mu mfungurwa zanyu buri musi?” Usabe abo bagore babwire abandi bo mu mugwi ingene bakoresha uwo munyu urimwo iyode.

5. Saba abo bagore bo mu mugwi barabane ku ndimi, n’imbere kw’imerero ry’ingohe. Basuzume kandi no mu nzara.

6. Utore abagore bafise indimi, imerero ry’ingohe n’iminwa bitukura cane gusumba ivy’abandi. Hanyuma utore abagore bafise indimi, n’imbere mu minwa no kw’imerero ry’ingohe vyeruruka.

7. Ubabaze imfungurwa zitandukanye bihereza buri musi.

8. Baza uwo mugwi uti: Ni iki none twokwigira ku mfungurwa zavuzwe

n’abagore bafise indimi zitukura gusumba iz’abandi? Mbega hari imfungurwa zimwe zimwe bafungura n’abandi bakwiye kugerageza gufungura?

9. Baza igitigiri c’abagore banyoye amavitamine ya fer bahawe kwa muganga.

10.Koresha uburorero bwiza kugira ngo uhimirize abataratangura gukoresha umunyu urimwo iyode canke vitamine n’imfungurwa birimwo fer.



Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande rwabo. Ni bavugane

nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce

usaba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.

37





1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari muri uwo Mugwi

Tubaramure bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu

batemera muri zo; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.



4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi mu

Muvyeyi Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiri zikurikira z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.


Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye

n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.


38


Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha

agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoza ndashira umunyu urimwo iyode mu mfungurwa buri musi. Niyemeje kuzoja gutora ibinini vya fer kwa muganga muri iyi ndwi.

Niyemeje kuzokwongereza imfungurwa zirimwo fer nyinshi mu mfungurwa ntegurira umuryango buri ndwi.






ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Mbega ejo warihereje imfungurwa zo muri buri mugwi mu migwi itatu y’ibifungurwa? Ni ibihe bifungurwa wariye?

Mbega ejo wariyongerejeko imfungurwa canke udufungurwa ku vyo wari

usanzwe ufungura?

Ni ayahe mabara y’ibifungurwa wariye ejo?

Mbega waravuganye n’umufasha wawe ku vyo guhindura imfungurwa mufungura?

39

Icigwa ca 4: Gukaraba n’Isabune (canke Iminyota)

Abarezi b’abana bazokaraba n’isabune n’amazi mu bihe bikwiye:

o Abakirizi bazobanza gukaraba imbere yokuvyaza.

o Imbere yo kurera akayoya canke kugakorako.

o Uhejeje guta ivyo umwana yitumye canke iyindi micafu muri sugumwe

o Uvuye mu kazu ka sugumwe canke kugira isuku y’ivyo umwana

yitumye canke ry’amasobe.

o Imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa, yo kugaburira umwana canke gufungura.

Abarezi b’abana bazokaraba neza:

o Bashire amaboko n’isabune mu mazi.

o Banyukure ibiganza n’isabune gushika ifuro rije.

o Banyukure no hagati y’intoke mbere no mu nzara nk’amasegonda 30 bariko bararirimba Ururirimbo rwo gukaraba.

o Bikureko isabune bakoresheje amazi bisutseko canke abatonyangirako.

o Maze bareke ibiganza vyumishwe n’umuyaga canke bavyumishe mu kwihanaguza agahuzu gasukuye.

Abarezi b’abana bazohimiriza abo mu miryango yabo kuza barakaraba bavuye mu kazu ka sugumwe, imbere yo gukora ku mfungurwa, imbere yo

gufungura canke yo gutegura imfungurwa, canke yo gukora ku kayoya.

Abarezi b’abana bazomenya kuririmba Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba.

Abarezi b’abana baziyumvamwo ko bafise ibikoresho, inkuru n’ubushobozi

vyo kwitwararika no kubungabunga amagara y’umwana wabo (kwizigira ko bashoboye kwongerejwe).

Ibikoresho:

1. Ibitabo vyo Guhamagariramwo Amazina vy’Abavyeyi Tubaramure 2. Ibase, amazi n’isabune, canke Igikarabiro (Tippy Tap)*


Agakino: Imvura y’Isegenya


Gushikiriza inkuru no kubaza ibibazo ku nyifato iriko irihwezwa: Umuryango

Wagwaye Gucibwamwo

Kwerekana amasanamu no gushikiriza inyigisho iri ku mpapuro za 30-35 z’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanyigisho ku kuntu Isabune Yica Imigera, Ni

Ryari Twokaraba, kandi Twokaraba Gute.

Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba



40


Kwiyemeza

Gusuzuma ingene bagendeye mu vyo bari biyemeje bijanye n’ivyunyunyu fer

na Iyode.

1. Saba abagore bicare mu muzingi mu gacerere bugaye amaso.

2. Igikorwa cabo ni ico kwumviriza amajwi yose baza kwumva avuye ku mugore yicaye i bubapfu bwabo.

3. Uwurongoye agakino agatangura mu kuvuguta ikiganza ku kindi kugira ngo humvikane nk’imvura iriko iragwa.

4. Maze umugore ari i buryo bwiwe akabisubiramwo, hanyuma umugore akurikira gushika aho bose mu muzingi bazoba bariko baravuguta ikiganza ku

kindi.

5. Bose ni bamara kuvuguta ikiganza ku kindi, uwurongoye agakino aca

yongereza urwamo rw’imvura mu kunaga urutoke ku rundi.

6. Umuvyeyi Tubaramure ari i buryo bwiwe agasubiramwo ayo majwi nyene gushika igihe umwe inyuma y’uwundi bose bazoba bariko baranaga intoke.

7. Maze uwurongoye agakino ace akoma amashi nko kwasana kw’inkuba, abo mu mugwi bose nabo bamwigane umwe inyuma y’uwundi.

8. Hanyuma uwurongoye agakino akikubita ku matako, abo mu mugwi nabo bakamwigana umwe inyuma y’uwundi.

9. Hanyuma uwurongoye agakino agatsita amaguru hasi, imvura ijemwo igihuhusi.

10.Kugira ngo amenyeshe ko imvura y’isegenya ihagaze, uwurongoye agakino

abikora asubira inyuma aho yahereye akikubita ku matako, agakoma amashi, akanaga urutoke ku rundi, akavuguta ikiganza ku kindi, maze agasozerera ku gacerere.

Noneho ko tumaze kuronka inguvu, hinge duhamagare amazina maze tuyage ku

cigwa co mu ndwi ziheze.


w’Ingorane

1. Agakino: Imvura y’Isegenya - iminota 10

41


ca Kane co mu Gitabo Mfashanyigisho ca mbere (Module 1).

2. Umu Promoteri akabaza ko hariho Umuvyeyi Tubaramure yoba yaragize

ingorane mu nama yamuhuje n’abavyeyi. Umu Promoteri akaronderera hamwe n’abo bavyeyi umuti w’izo ngorane, akabafasha gutora umuti w’ingorane bafise, kandi agasaba impanuro abandi Bavyeyi Tubaramure bari

ngaho.

3. Umu Promoteri akabaza abavyeyi bapfuye, abana bapfuye, canke imbanyi

nshasha muri iyo migwi y’Inkerebutsi. Umu promoteri akandika ku rupapuro rwo guhamagarirako amazina ibintu bishasha vyoba vyarabonetse.



Umuryango Wagwaye Gucibwamwo (Isanamu 4.1) – iminota 10

3. Inkuru

Ni musome inkuru yo ku rupapuro rwa 28 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu

Mfashanyigisho.

Iyo nkuru isigura ingene abo mu muryango wa Barumwete bafashwe n’ingwara. Itangura kudushikiriza iciyumviro c’imigera itera ingwara.

Umuhungu wa Barumwete asohotse mu kazu ka sugumwe. Mu gihe Barumwete

atariko araraba, akoza intoke zimwe mu mfungurwa umuryango uza gufungura.

Maze bicaye bose ngo bafungure, bose bakaravye mw’isorori imwe y’amazi. Kandi ntibakoresheje isabune. Maze Barumwete yakira izo mfungurwa aha

umuntu wese kw’isahani yiwe. Muri iryo joro umuryango wose wafashwe no kuribwa mu nda no gucibwamwo. Mu kanya gato bose batangura kuza barirukira

mu kazu ka sugumwe.

4. Gutohoza

Soma ibibazo biri ku rupapuro rwa 28 rw’Igitabo c’Amasanamu Mfashanygisho.

Ubaze ikibazo ca mbere kugira ngo muyage ku bitera ingwara.

Ubaze ibibazo bibiri vya nyuma kugira ngo utahure ingene akamenyero ko

gukaraba ubu kifashe mu bagore bo muri uwo mugwi.



rupapuro rukurikira rw’Igitabo c’amasanamu, uvuge uti “Hinge tugereranye ivyiyumviro vyanyu n’inyigisho iri muri izi mpapuro zikurikira.”

42

? Ni kuki bose bafashwe no kuribwa mu nda no gucibwamwo?

? Mbega ni ryari ukwiye gukaraba?

? None uyu musi wakaravye ryari?

Isabune Irica Imigera (Isanamu 4.2) – iminota 5

5. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 31.


6. Gusigura:




Imigera iba ahantu hose hatuzengurutse.

o Imigera ni uturemwa duto cane dutera ingwara.

o Imigera ishobora kuba iri ku ruhu rwacu, mu nzu zacu, ku biterwa no ku biti.

o Imigera ni mito cane ku buryo tudashobora kuyibona n’amaso.

o Muri iyi sanamu, hariho akirore kadasanzwe katwereka imigera iba iri

mu biganza vyacu. Imigera muri iyi sanamu isa n’icatsi kibisi.

Imigera myinshi yinjira mu mibiri iciye ku ntoke zacu.

o Imigera ishobora kwinjira mu mubiri iyo twifyese ku ntoke.

o Imigera yatugiye ku ntoke ica ishika mu kanwa iyo turiye.

Imigera yinjiye mu mubiri idutera gukorora canke gucibwamwo.

o Imigera ishitse mu mubiri ni yo itera ingwara nyinshi.

Isabune irica imigera! Udafise isabune, koresha umunyota.

o Gukaraba n’isabune canke n’umunyota bidukingira gucibwamwo

hamwe n’izindi ngwara.

o Gukaraba n’isabune canke umunyota bikingira abavyeyi bibungenze ingwara zari gusinzikaza abana babo.

43

Iciyumviro Congeweko co Gufasha Uwigisha:

Ingwara zo Gucibwamwo

Gukaraba n’isabune ni bwo buryo bwa mbere butazimvye bwokoreshwa mu kwirinda urupfu n’ingwara vyanduruka ku gucibwamwo.5 Gukaraba imbere yo

gufungura, yo gutegura imfungurwa canke umuntu avuye mu kazu ka sugumwe vyoshobora kugabanya gucibwamwo kw’abana gushika ku bice 50%.6

Indangurakintu

Umugera ni virusi canke agakoko gatera ingwara.

Akarusho

Isabune zihingurwa hamwe n’amazi ni bwo buryo bwa mbere bwiza bwokoreshwa mu kwica virusi n’imigera. Iyo isabune ihinguwe idashoboye kuboneka, isabune umuntu yikoreye canke umunyota navyo nyene ni ibisubirizi bibereye vya mbere.

Ni Ryari Twokaraba (Isanamu 4.3) – iminota 5

7. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 33.


8. Gusigura:




5 Cairncross, S. Valdmanis V. 2006. Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Promotion. Chapter 41. Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries. Second Edition. Edt. Jameson et al 2006. The World Bank. Washington DC: National Institutes of Health. 6 Curtis, V., and S. Cairncross. 2003. “Effect of Washing Hands with Soap on Diarrhea Risk in the Community: A Systematic Review.” Lancet Infectious Diseases 3: 275–81.

44

Karaba n’isabune canke umunyota imbere yo gutegura imfungurwa.

Karaba n’isabune canke umunyota imbere yo gufungura.

o Fasha abana bawe gukaraba.

Karaba n’isabune canke umunyota uvuye mu kazu ka sugumwe.

Karaba n’isabune canke umunyota iyo uhejeje gutawaza canke guhanagura

umwana yitumye.

o Karabisha umwana wawe kenshi.

o Uhimirize abo mu muryango wawe kwama bakaraba n’isabune muri ivyo bihe vyose nabo nyene.

Karaba n’isabune canke umunyota imbere yo kuvyaza.

o Usabe uwemeye kukuvyaza ko yobanza gukaraba imbere yo kukuvyaza.

Ukarabishe isabune canke umunyota imbere yo guterura akayoya.

o Utuyoya turakarirwa cane n’ingwara.

o Utubungabungire amagara meza mu gushishikara isuku ry’intoke

zawe.

o Kandi usabe n’abandi ko bobanza gukaraba imbere yo guterura akayoya.

? Ni mu bihe bindi bihe bimwe usanga gukaraba guhambaye?


Utuyoya hamwe no Gukaraba

Ivyigwa vyarerekanye ko utuyoya tw’aho abakirizi n’abavyeyi babanza gukaraba imbere yo kuturera canke kudukorako bigabanya ingwara zatwo ku rugero rw’ibice 41% ugereranije n’utuyoya tw’aho abakirizi n’abavyeyi badakaraba.7

Twokaraba Gute (Isanamu 4.4) – iminota 5

9. Kwerekana:


rupapuro rwa 35.


7 Rhee V. et al. 2008. “Maternal and birth Attendant Hand Washing and Neonatal Mortality in Southern Nepal.” Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. Vol 162 (No. 7), pp 603-608. July 2008

45

10. Gusigura:




Uremeshe abagore ko gukaraba ari ikintu coroshe gukora, ariko ni kirumara mu kwica imigera. Turashobora guhagarika ingwara twandurira mu ngo i

wacu mu gushira mu ngiro aka kamenyero koroshe.

Kanyisha ibiganza vyawe ukoresheje isabune n’amazi.

o Asangwa ukoresha umunyota, banza utose ibiganza hanyuma ushireko umunyota.

Nyukura mu biganza no ku ntoke.

o Mu gihe uzoba uriko urinyukura, isabune izoca izana ifuro.

o Tangura kuririmba Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba.

Unyukure no hagati y’intoke. Kandi ifuro urishikane ku gipfunsi.

Ukarabe no mu nzara.

o Ubandanye kwinyukura gushika Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba ruheze.

Hanyuma wisukire amazi meza kugira ngo agukureko isabune.

o Ntimukigere mukaraba hanyuma ngo mwikureko isabune mu gukora mw’ibase imwe.

o Ayo mazi aba akirimwo imigera kandi aca ayikwiragiza ku muntu wese akojeje amaboko yiwe muri yo.

o Asangwa ariko urakarabira mw’ibase, koresha igikombe kugira ngo wisukireko amazi ku biganza.

Vyoba vyiza gusumba hamwe woreka ibiganza vyawe bikumishwa n’umuyaga gusa.

o Ni waba ukoresha iswime naho, uze urayimesa buri musi.

o Iswime ikanye biroroha cane ko yegeranya imigera maze igaca iyigarukana ku ntoke zawe.


Imigera ku Vyihanaguzo (ku Maswime)

Imigera ikura vuba cane kandi ikagwira vuba cane mu bibanza bikanye no ku mpuzu zikanye. Wirinde gukoresha amaswime mu kwihanagura ku ntoke

asangwa izo swime zitameswa buri musi.

Kandi igihe cose uhejeje gukoresha iswime uce uyimanika kw’ishami ry’igiti canke ku mugozi ku zuba. Imishwarara y’izuba hamwe n’ubushuhe ni vyo

vyica iyo migera n’amavirusi iyo iswime yumye.

46

11. Igikorwa: Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba – iminota 15

Compose et travaille avec les promoteurs et les autres membres du personnel du projet pour composer une chanson. Essayez d’inclure les mots qui sont dans

le plan de la lesson. La chanson doit durer 30 secondes et contenir des details précisant quand laver les mains et comment laver les mains.

Example de chanson:

Je lui lave les mains avant qu’il mange, je lui lave les mains quand il sort de la

latrine

Je me lave les mains quand je viens de changer ses linges, je me lave les mains

avant de preparer la nourriture. - Refrain

Je grate parmi mes doigts, je grate sous mes ongles

Je me rince avec une eau propre, et laisse l’air secher mes mains. - Refrain

Refrain:

Le lavage des mains garde mon enfant en bonne santé. Je me lave avec du savon.

Je me lave avec du cendre. Je me lave pendant longtemps. Je me lave parce que j’aime mon enfant.

1. Ni mwige Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba hamwe n’Abavyeyi Tubaramure.

2. Sigura: Kugira ngo imigera yose impfe, umuntu yomara n’iburiburi

amasegonda 30 ariko arakaraba. Tuzoza turaririmba iyi ndirimbo kugira ngo idufashe kwibuka kumara amasegonda 30 turiko turinyukura mu gukaraba.

3. Abantu bose baba mu ngo zanyu bakwiye kwiga uru ruririmbo maze bakaza

babaruririmba bamaze gukanyisha iminwe yabo harya batanguye kwinyukura.

4. Urwo ruririmbo ruheze haba hageze guhagarika kwinyukura no kwisukako amazi agukurako isabune.



47

Saba abo bavyeyi bayagishe umugore yicaye i ruhande rwabo. Ni bavugane nawe amakenga yabo yose boba bafise ku cigwa. Bari hamwe bakwiye

kugerageza gutora umuti w’ayo makenga n’izo ngorane. Imitota itanu iheze, uce usaba Abavyeyi Tubaramure bashikirize ivyo bayazeko.


Bafashe kuronka umuti w’amadidane yabo. Ni haba hari umugore yishuye neza

amakenga y’uwundi mugore, ni umushimire kandi uhimirize abandi bagore ngo bazirikane umuti yashikirije.


1. Saba Abavyeyi Tubaramure gushikiriza abandi inyigisho baronkejwe uyu musi bakoresheje impapuro zibiri za mbere z’iki cigwa zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho. Bakwiye kubwira uwundi mugore ari mu Mugwi Tubaramure

bakoresheje bwa buhinga bwo kwigisha.

2. Bwira abo Bavyeyi Tubaramure bumviriza izo nyigisho ko borondera ikintu

batemera muri izo nyigisho; imvo imwe ituma babona ko iyo nyigisho yoba igoye kuri bo.



4. Iminota cumi iheze, usabe abo bagore kuguza ibibanza. Uwo wundi Muvyeyi

Tubaramure nawe azoca atanga inyigisho ziri mu mpapuro zibiriz’iki cigwa zikurikira zo mu gitabo c’amasanamu mfashanyigisho.


Tubaramure vyagoye.

6. Bose bahejeje, ace yishura ibibazo abo bavyeyi boba bafise ku bijanye

n’ibikoresho, canke n’icigwa c’uyu musi.

48



Saba umuvyeyi wese avuge mu majambo yikuriye mu kanwa icemezo gishasha agiye gufata uyu musi. Umuvyeyi wese arashobora kwihitiramwo icemezo abona ko gihambaye gusumba ibindi kuri we.

Nk’akarorero: Niyemeje kuzoza ndakaraba n’isabune imbere yo guterura canke

yo gukora ku kayoya kanje. Niyemeje kuzoyaga n’abo mu muryango rwanje ivyo gukaraba mu bihe vyose bibereye. Niyemeje kwigisha abo mu muryango wanje ingene bazoza barakaraba bakoresheje Ururirimbo rwo Gukaraba.



? Mbega mu cigwa giherutse wari wiyemeje gukora iki?

? None ico wiyemeje waragishize mu ngiro? Gute – Ni iki wakoze?


ndwi zibiri ziheze:

Mbega ejo warashize umunyu urimwo iyode mu mfungurwa z’umuryango?

Woba waranyoye ibinini vya fer ejo?

Ni izihe mfungurwa wariye ejo zarimwo icunyunyu fer cinshi?

49

Icigwa ca 5: Gushiraho Igikarabiro mu Rugo

Umurezi w’abana wese azokora Igikarabiro maze akimanike hafi y’akazu ka

sugumwe.

Umurezi w’abana wese azoba ashoboye kwigisha abandi ingene bakora

Igikarabiro.

Umurezi w’abana wese azomenya ingene yoshiraho igikarabiro akoresheje amabase.

o Ntimukigere mwirongorora canke ngo mukarabire mw’ibase imwe. Muze mukoresha igikombe mu kwisukira amazi ku ntoke haba mu kuzikanyisha ngo muzisigeko isabune canke mu kuzirongorora.

Ibikoresho:


2. Himiriza buri muryango wiyegeranirize ibikoresho vyo gukora Igikarabiro mu kwitegurira iki cigwa.

a. Amashami abiri (y’imetero 1 n’igice) aremwe nka Y

b. Inkoni zibiri (z’uburebure bwa metero imwe)

c.

Documents

Ivyokorwa Nyamukuru mu Ngaburo, mw’Isuku, no mu ...caregroupinfo.org/docs/(2010)_TUBAR_Mod_2_ENHA_Preg_KRNDI_L… · Rutonde rw’Ivyigwa vy’Agatabo ka kabiri (Module 2). Mworaba