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Çizgiler ve anlamları
Teknik çizimde farklı özelliklerde vekalınlıklarda çizgiler kullanılır.
Standartlarda tanımlanmış olan her bir çizgitipinin kendine ait özel bir anlamı vardır.
Bir teknik resim çiziminde gerçek (cisme ait) yüzey ve köşelerin çiziminde kullanılan anaçizgi ve gerçekte var olmayan ancak resmiaçıklayıcı çizgiler yardımcı çizgiler olarakbulunur.
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Kalın Sürekli çizgi
• Teknik resim çizimlerinde görünen kenarları ve parçaların dış çevresini ifade eder.
• Sürekli çizgilerin köşeleri keskin olmalıdır.
• Kalınlığı 0.5 mm
Kalın Sürekli çizgi
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İnce sürekli çizgi
• yardımcı çizgilerdir• Keskin olmayan
kenarlar, ölçüler için, kılavuz çizgiler için kullanılır
• 0.25 mm kalınlıkta
Kesikli çizgiler
• Parçanın içinde bulunan boşlukları veya bakış yönünden görülemeyen çıkıntıların çiziminde kullanılan çizgi tipidir.
• 0.25 mm kalınlıkta
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You should follow at least three general practices when drawing hidden lines to help
prevent confusion and to make the drawing easier to read.clearly show intersections using intersecting line segments clearly show corners, using intersecting line segmentsleave a noticeable gap between aligned continuous lines and hidden lines
Hidden Lines
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Hidden Lines
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Hidden Lines
Use Trim Command
Hidden lines are usually drawn in a different color that the one used for the continuous object lines. This practice helps distinguish the different types of lines and makes them easier to interpret.
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Eksen çizgisi• bir yayın ve çemberin
merkezini, silindirin eksenlerini, koni veya dairesel kesite sahip parçaların simetri çizgisini temsil eder.
• Ayrıca parçanın yörüngesini ve hareket yolunu, taksimatını gösterir.
• 0.25 mm kalınlıktadır
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CenterlinesYou will draw the centerlines for the circle. Center
lines for holes must be included in all views. A centermark and four lines extending beyond the four quadrant points are used to define the center point of a hole in its circular view.
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Kalın eksen çizgisi
• Ek işlem gereken yerler için kullanılır
• 0.5 mm kalınlıktadır
Çizgilerin çakışmasında öncelik
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Line PrecedenceDifferent types of lines often
align with each other within the same view.
The rule is that continuous lines take precedence over hidden lines, and hidden lines take precedence over centerlines.
If you show the short end segments were a centerline would extend, be sure to leave a gap.
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Adjusting Linetype ScaleThe linetype scale determines the relative length of
dashes in linetypes such as hidden and center lines. Setting a linetype scale ensures that the lines you draw are represented properly on the screen and when the drawing is plotted.
Command : LTSCALE Enter new linetype scale factor <1.000> : 0.5Regenerating model.Command :
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AutoCAD de çizgiler
Eksen çizgisiSürekli çizgi
Kesikli çizgi
AutoCAD de çizgiler
Çizgilerin bulunduğu tabaka adı
Çizgi tipleri
Çizgi kalınlıkları
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Çigilerin bulunduğu tabakalar (layer)
Çizgilerin bulunduğu tabaka (layer)
Çizgi renkleri (ByLayer olmalı)
Çizgi çeşitleri (ByLayer olmalı)
Çizgi kalınlığı (ByLayer olmalı)
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Points
Delta from existing point
dxdy
Circle center Intersection two curves
On a curveOn a curve
normal to pointIntrersection of curve & surface
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Lines
Note :
To return the starting point you may useClose (C)
To remove the last step you may use Undo (U)
Join two entities
Line
Tangent to two curves
Distance
Tangent to two curves
Parallel to a line at distance
Perpendicular to line from point
Perpendicular to line from point
Tangent to arc at angle
Horizontal, vertical or axis
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Circles
Center & radius
Radius
Center point & tangent curve
Through three points
Through two diametrical points
R
By radius & two points
By point on circumference & center
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Arcs
Through three points By start point, line through end & center
R
By radius, start & end point given in sequence
Point on arc, line trhrough start & line through end
R
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Ellipse
C
P3
P2
P1
C P2
P1
P3P3
P1
P2
Rotation 0º
P1
P2P1
P2
Rotation 70º
Ellipse
2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Polygon3 1024 sides
Inscribed Circumscribed
R R
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Polylines
Arc endpoints
Next pointNext pointStart point
PLINE width of 3
PLINE start width of 10 end width 0
PLINE arc width of 3
PLINE arc start width of 10 end width 0
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Donut Trace
Fill ON Fill OFF
Solid 2nd pt1st pt
4th pt
4th pt
4th pt
3rd pt
3rd pt
3rd pt
2nd pt1st pt 2nd pt1st pt
3rd pt4th pt
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Modification Commands
scaling (scale)
translating (move)
rotation (rotate)
mirroring (mirror)
duplicating (array)
2:1
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Automatic Functions
fillet
chamfer
cross-hatching (hatch)
dimensioning
text
Radius
Fillet
Chamfer
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Typing text
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Management Functions
display management (zoom)
entity attributes
linetypes
Layering
color
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Editing Functions
stretching (stretch)
Trim
Extend
Undelate (Undo)
Selection
ab
ab
ab
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Managing Commands
Save
Quit
End
15-20 mins
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Drawing Accuracy
Function Keys Control KeysHelp
Text window
Coordinates On\Off
Grid On\Off
Ortho On\Off
Snap On\Off
F7
F8
F9
Snap On\Off
Cancel
Isoplane left\top\right
Grid On\Off
Ortho On\Off
Print echo
Tablet On\Off
Delete keyboard errors
Ctrl B
Ctrl C
Ctrl D
Ctrl G
Ctrl O
Ctrl Q
Ctrl T
Ctrl X
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
F7
F9 Ctrl B
Ctrl G
Grid \ SnapThe SNAP command restricts cursor crosshair movementto the snap increments
The GRID command setsthe spacing between gird dots in both the X and Y axes
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Mouse Function
Left button : select
Middle button : pop-up menu
Right button : enter (pop-up menu & enter)
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Ortho ModeOrtho, which stands for orthogonal, enables you to constrain
lines to be drawn horizontally or vertically with respect to thecurrent snap gird.
F8
Ctrl O
CursorLine follows the cursor movement at an angle
Line remains horizontal or vertical as you move the cursor
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Object SnapObject snaps allow you to quickly pick exact locations on an objectwithout having to be directly at the desired location.
AutoSnap gives us avisual symbol.
EndpointEndpoint
Midpoint
Center
QuadrantQuadrant
IntersectionIntersection
Apparent Intersect
Endpoint Insert
Perpendicular
Tangent
Quadrant Nearest
Center
Node
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2. Parametric Design & Basic Drawing Functions
Selecting ObjectsWhen editing a drawing it is
necessary first to select the objects which are to be edited.Remove : to remove selected
objectsAdd : adding the objects Undo : to cancel the selectionWindowCrossing
Selects a single line
Pointing
Selects the circle
Window
Selects all
Crossing