東北大理JAEA先端基礎科学センター

田村裕和

J-PARC

J-PARCでの原子核・ハドロン実験

J-PARC

Contents

1. Introduction

2. S=-1 systems

- g-ray spectroscopy of L hypernuclei

- Sp scattering

3. S=-2 systems

- X and LL hypernuclei

- X-atom X rays

- H dibaryon

4. K- nucleus, Λ(1405)

5. Future plans – Challenge to “hyperon puzzle”

6. Summary

1. Introduction

QCD

How are nuclei formed from hadrons?

Nuclei

Hadrons

Neutron stars

Quarks/gluons

How are hadrons formed

from quarks and gluons?

How do nuclear matter properties

change at higher density?

Structures of many (excited)

hadrons are not understood well.

Why are the hierarchies of

quarks / hadrons / nuclei

well separated?

Origins and properties of

nuclear force are not

understood.

Core of neutron stars is totally

unknown. Strange quarks there?

Understand the “Origin of Matter” from QCD

QCD

How are nuclei formed from hadrons?

Nuclei

Hadrons

Neutron stars

Quarks/gluons

How are hadrons formed

from quarks and gluons?

How do nuclear matter properties

change at higher density?

Structures of many (excited)

hadrons are not understood well.

Why are the hierarchies of

quarks / hadrons / nuclei

well separated?

Origins and properties of

nuclear force are not

understood.

Core of neutron stars is totally

unknown. Strange quarks there?

Strange quarks as a probe

will provide clues.

Understand the “Origin of Matter” from QCD

Po

ten

tial

[MeV

]

中・遠距離部分long-mid range

Very strong repulsive core?

Origin of the short range nuclear force?

Attractive core? S+-p (spin=1)

uuS+ p

s du u

Pauli in quark level

No Pauli

Color magnetic int.

H dibaryon

flavor singlet

uu

sd

s

d

N-N (spin=0)

p

sr,w

Meson picture

Quark picture (Oka-Yazaki)

Pauli in quark level

Color magnetic interaction

-- consistent with HAL QCD results

(HAL results)

Po

ten

tial

[MeV

]

中・遠距離部分long-mid range

Very strong repulsive core?

Origin of the short range nuclear force?

Attractive core? S+-p (spin=1)

uuS+ p

s du u

Pauli in quark level

No Pauli

Color magnetic int.

H dibaryon

flavor singlet

uu

sd

s

d

N-N (spin=0)

p

sr,w

Meson picture

Quark picture (Oka-Yazaki)

Pauli in quark level

Color magnetic interaction

-- consistent with HAL QCD results

(HAL results)

N

Z

Matter made of u, d, s quarks

３-dimensional nuclear chart

L, S Hypernuclei

LL, X Hypernuclei

Str

an

gen

ess

0

-1

-2

Nu ~ Nd ~ Ns

metastable

Strange hadronic matter (A → ∞)

Compression by gravity => stable

N

Z

Matter made of u, d, s quarks

３-dimensional nuclear chart

L, S Hypernuclei

LL, X Hypernuclei

Str

an

gen

ess

0

-1

-2

n

p

L X

n

Neutron MatterStrange

Hadronic Matter?

Neutron Star

Quark Matter??

Ishizuka et al.J.Phys. G35 (2008) 085201

Depends on YN , YY int. + YNN for Hyperon Puzzle

Ba

ryon fra

ctio

n

Nu ~ Nd ~ Ns

metastable

Strange hadronic matter (A → ∞)

Compression by gravity => stable

Baryon-baryon (hadron-hadron) interactions

+baryon properties and interactions in nuclear matterStrangeness nuclear physics

(L, X /LL hypernuclei, Sp /Lp scattering, K- nucleus, K- / X- atoms)E10,E13,E18,E63, E07,E05,E70, E42, E40, E15, E27 E57, E62, E03

Structure of (excited) hadrons

Exotic hadrons (L(1405), Q+ pentaquark, …) E31, E19

Spectroscopy of baryon resonances (N*/D*, Y*, Yc*) E45, E72, E50

Chiral symmetry in dense matter

Vector meson mass in nuclear matter E16

Meson-nucleus bound states E26, E29

QCD phase diagram at high densityCritical point/phase transition? J-PARC HI project

Fundamental questions and J-PARC experiments

High density matter in NS

J-PARC Hadron Hall

nuclear/hadron experiments (2019)

Beam

DumpK1.8

K1.8BR

K1.1

30 GeV

primary beam

Production

target (T1)

KL

High-p Line

J-PARC Hadron Hall

nuclear/hadron experiments (2019)

Beam

DumpK1.8

K1.8BR

K1.1

30 GeV

primary beam

Production

target (T1)

KL

✔ K- pp via (K-,n) (E15: Iwasaki,Nagae)

✔ L(1405) (E31: Noumi)

✔ K-He X rays (E62: Hayano,Okada)

K-d X rays (E57: Zmeskal, Hashimoto)

g spectroscopy of L hyp. (E63:Tamura）

LNN weak decay (E18:Bhang,Outa)

f–nucleus bound state (E29: Ohnishi)High-p Line

✔ Q+ pentaquark search (E19: Naruki)

✔ n-rich L hypernuclei (E10: Sakaguchi)

✔ K-pp via (p+,K+) (E27: Nagae)

✔ g spectroscopy of L hypernuclei (E13: Tamura)

✔ X hypernuclei (E05: Nagae)

✔ LL and X hypernuclei in emulsion + X-atom X rays (E07: Nakazawa, Imai, Tamura)

Sp scattering (E40: Miwa)

X-atomic X rays (E03:Tanida, Yamamoto)

H dibaryon search (E42: Ahn, Imai)

X hypernuclei via (K-,K+) (E70: Nagae)

Nucleon resonances (E45: Hicks, Sako)

w in nuclei (E26: Ozawa)

✔ Finished

Fully approved

Stage-1 approved (only a part of)

Vector meson mass (E16:Yokkaichi）Charmed baryons (E50:Noumi)

2. S=-1 systems

g-ray spectroscopy of L hypernuclei

Sp scattering

NPA835 (2010) 422 PTEP (2015) 081D01

6.0411-

2-3/2-

M1

19F(K-, p-g) J-PARC E13

1/2+ 0

3/2+ 0.316

5/2+ 0.895

1/2- 1.266

1+

3+

0- 1.081

0.937

PRL 120 (2018) 132505

4He(K-, p-g) J-PARC E13

g-ray data of hypernuclei (2018)

1.406

4He

3H

PRL 115 (2015) 222501

L

19FL

18F

Hypernuclear g-ray data (2019)

NPA835 (2010) 422 PTEP (2015) 081D01

6.0411-

2-3/2-

M1

19F(K-, p-g) J-PARC E13

1/2+ 0

3/2+ 0.316

5/2+ 0.895

1/2- 1.266

1+

3+

0- 1.081

0.937

PRL 120 (2018) 132505

4He(K-, p-g) J-PARC E13

g-ray data of hypernuclei (2018)

1.406

4He

3H

PRL 115 (2015) 222501

L

19FL

18F

Hypernuclear g-ray data (2019)

p-shell: LN spin-dependent interaction strengths.

s-shell: L-S coupling and Charge Symmetry Breakingsd-shell: Heavier hypernuclear structure and

LN interaction in a larger density?

Bedjidian et al.

PLB 83 (1979) 252 etc.

p n

L

4LHe

T.O. Yamamoto et al.,

PRL 115 (2015) 222501

A. Esser et al.,

PRL 114 (2015) 12501

4LH

A=4 mirror

hypernuclei

and CSB

Theoretically not understood yet. S-L coupling is a key.-> Touch stone for our understanding of hadron-hadron interaction

Bedjidian et al.

PLB 83 (1979) 252 etc.

p n

L

4LHe

T.O. Yamamoto et al.,

PRL 115 (2015) 222501

A. Esser et al.,

PRL 114 (2015) 12501

4LH

A=4 mirror

hypernuclei

and CSB

A large Charge Symmetry Breaking (pL ≠ nL) is confirmed!

Theoretically not understood yet. S-L coupling is a key.-> Touch stone for our understanding of hadron-hadron interaction

16O core

n

p

Lsd orbit

16O core

n

pL

sd orbit

Mass-gated g-ray spectra

19LF (sL) region

S.B.Yang et al., PRL120 (2018) 132505

19LF results

LN interaction and theoretical framework work well for heavier hypernuclei.

=> Hope to extract LNN force effect from heavy hypernuclear data.

Millener 305 keV (phenom.)

Umeya 346 keV (NSC97e+f)

Predictions

0.315 MeV

NN and YN

scattering datanp

pp

S+p S-p

Lp

Plab (MeV/c)

NN

High statistics data in wide

momentum range and

with spin observables

-> phase shift analysis

YN

Statistically poor

Limited momentum region

ct(L) = 7.9cm, ct(S+) = 2.4 cm

tota

l cro

ss s

ection

s

Info. on YN (and YY) forces

from

hypernuclear B.E. /structure data

+

NN force assuming SU(3)f

Bubble chamber

(CERN) 1960s~70s Scintillation fiber

(KEK) 1990s

Po

ten

tial

[MeV

]

中・遠距離部分long-mid range

Very strong repulsive core?

Origin of the short range nuclear force?

S+-p (spin=1)

uuS+ p

s du u

Pauli in quark level

S±p scatteringJ-PARC E40

running now

p

K+

S

p

p

p/n

LH2 target

Fiber tracker

Calorimeter

PiID counter

Forward calorimeter “CATCH”

S±p Scattering ExperimentJ-PARC E40 (Miwa et al.)

S production via p±p→K+S±

pS = 0.4 ~ 0.8 GeV/c

p+

p+400 mm

p

K+

S

p

pn

pS

Epq Cylindrical

Fiber Tracker

BGO calorimeterCATCH detector

Liq H2 target

Slide by K. Miwa

Measure ds/dW for S+p, S-p, S-p->Ln

Take 104 scattering events (x100 than before)

Slide by K. Miwa

CMqcos

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

(m

b/s

r)W

/ds

d

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

p scattering at 0.55 < p(GeV/c) < 0.65)-

S (W/dsd

Simulation

Cross section in simulation

600MeV/c NSC97f

ESC08

600 MeV/c fss2

600 MeV/c chiral EFT

E289 data (0.4<p(GeV/c)<0.7)

CMqcos

-1 -0.8 -0.6 -0.4 -0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1

(m

b/s

r)W

/ds

d

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

n scattering (0.45 < p(GeV/c) < 0.55)L ®p -

S

Simulation

Cross section in simulation

500MeV/c NSC97f

500 MeV/c fss2

ESC08

500 MeV/c chiral EFT

S-p → S-p (0.55 < p (GeV/c) < 0.65) S-p → Ln (0.55 < p (GeV/c) < 0.65)

Data (angular distribution)

ou

t o

f a

cce

pta

nce

Data: Before acceptance and efficiency correction

Forward peak structure Rather flat structure

expected accuracy (simulation)

expected accuracy (simulation)

Slide by K. Miwa

3. S=-2 systems

X and LL hypernucleiX atomsH dibaryon

Previous Emulsion Results (KEK E373)

a

X-N is attractive !

DBLL= 0.67±0.17 MeV

H. Takahashi et al., PRL 87 (2001) 212502

6LLHe -> 5

LHe + p + p-

p L

nNagara event

L-L is weakly attractiveK. Nakazawa et al. PTEP 2015, 033D02

=or

p8Li

8Be

a

a

p d

e

Kiso event

The first clear X hypernucleus

X- + 14N -> X15C -> L

10Be + L5He

cf. ALICE : X - p is attractive

New emulsion experiment at J-PARC (E07)

J-PARC E07K. Nakazawa et al.

K-

K+

TOF wall

KURAMA spectrometer

Emulsion

SSD

Emulsion Sheets

K+

X-

Target

K-

1.8GeV/c

Ge detector

X-ray

Ge array

Collect ~102 LL hypernuclear events from ~104 X-stop

Confirm LL int. and extract LL-XN effect

More X-nuclear events -> X-N interaction

Measure X- -atomic X-rays for the first time Shift and width of X-rays -> X-nuclear potential

Drastically reduce the background using emulsion image

L

X-

L

LL hypernucleus

twin L hypernuclei

X- production by K- p -> X- K+

X-atomic X-rays

New emulsion experiment at J-PARC (E07)

J-PARC E07K. Nakazawa et al.

K-

K+

TOF wall

KURAMA spectrometer

Emulsion

SSD

Emulsion Sheets

K+

X-

Target

K-

1.8GeV/c

Ge detector

X-ray

Ge array

Collect ~102 LL hypernuclear events from ~104 X-stop

Confirm LL int. and extract LL-XN effect

More X-nuclear events -> X-N interaction

Measure X- -atomic X-rays for the first time Shift and width of X-rays -> X-nuclear potential

Drastically reduce the background using emulsion image

L

X-

L

LL hypernucleus

twin L hypernuclei

X- production by K- p -> X- K+

X-atomic X-rays

A new LL hypernuclear event

H. Ekawa et al., PTEP 2019 (2019) 021D02

LLBe10,11,12

DBLL= 1.87±0.37 MeV

X- + 16O -> 17X N -> 11

LLBe + 4He + d

-> 5LHe + d + p

-> 4He + p + p-

11LLBe is most probable

~36 events of LL / X hypernuclei have been observed at present.

Slightly different from DBLL= 0.67±0.17 MeV for 6LLHe

=> Binding effect? LL-XN effect?

MINO event

A new LL hypernuclear event

H. Ekawa et al., PTEP 2019 (2019) 021D02

LLBe10,11,12

DBLL= 1.87±0.37 MeV

X- + 16O -> 17X N -> 11

LLBe + 4He + d

-> 5LHe + d + p

-> 4He + p + p-

11LLBe is most probable

~36 events of LL / X hypernuclei have been observed at present.

Slightly different from DBLL= 0.67±0.17 MeV for 6LLHe

=> Binding effect? LL-XN effect?

MINO event

20mm

Mod#047 pl10 ID : 20864938633496

X- + 14N -> X15C -> L

10Be + L5He

IBUKI event

S. H. Hayakawa, Ph.D. Thesis, Osaka Univ. (2019), to be published

A new X hypernuclear event

The same reaction as KISO

=or

KISO

This interpretation seems correct.

X- + 14N → X15C

X-

L10Be

L5He

= 1.27 ± 0.21 MeV

-> Suggesting that this state has a rather narrow width < 1 MeV

hift

X-atomic X-ray J-PARC E03 (Tanida, Yamamoto et al.)

• Fe (K-,K+) and select X production in missing mass

• Phase 1 run in 2020 -> Observe X-Fe(7->6) (no shift expected),

X-Fe(6->5) can be also observed if absorption width is small.

simulation

r

X-Z

X-

Captured in atomic orbit

Cascade downX-rays

Absorption

Level for Coulomb onlyshiftwidth

Po

ten

tial

[MeV

]

中・遠距離部分long-mid range

H dibaryon search via H->LLJ-PARC E42 (Ahn et al.)

Attractive core?

H dibaryon

flavor singlet

uu

sd

s

d

H dibaryon searchJ-PARC E42

run in ~2020

Lattice QCD suggesting:

Resonance near X-p thres.

Hyperon Spectrometer SC Helmholtz magnet + TPC

K-

K+L

L

J-PARC E42

H dibaryon search

via H -> LL decay

KEK E522 J-PARC E42

σΔM ~ 5 MeV

90 ΛΛ evens

σΔM ~ 1 MeV

1.5×104 ΛΛ events

Simulation

ΛΛ

Ξp

Will run in FY2020

All the H searches in

1980s-90s looked for

H’s weak decay

assuming M(H) < M(LL),except for KEK E522

A hint

above LL threshold?

12C(K-, K+) H X

↳ LL

4. K- nucleus and L(1405)

Deeply bound Kaonic nuclei

Akaishi & Yamazaki, PRC 65 (2002) 044005

BK > 100 MeV??

DISTO(PRL 94, 212303)

FINUDAPRL104, 132502

K-Hydrogen X-ray, Low energy K-p scattering => K-p strongly attractive

L(1405) = K-p bound state deeply bound nuclei?

Kaon condensation in neutron stars?

No observation in HADES, LEPS, …

J-PARC E15 (Iwasaki et al.)

Search for KbarNN via 3He(in-flight K-,n) reaction

• two-nucleon absorption

• hyperon decaysCAN be discriminated

kinematically

K1.8BR line

pK = 1 GeV/c

=> Small mom. trans. to K-

Easily captured by NN

Slide by Sakuma

Slide by Tanida

B(Kpp)

= 47±3+3-6 MeV

G(Kpp)

= 115±7+10-20 MeV

E15

What are

these peaks??

Slide by Tanida

Study of L(1405) (E31,Noumi et al.)

38

measuring an 𝐾𝑁→pS scattering below the 𝐾𝑁threshold in the d(K-,n)pS reactions

S±,0

p ,0

±

Producing Λ(1405) by virtual K1 GeV/c

Chiral Unitary Model:Two poles? D. Jido et al., NPA725(03)181

p S± I = 0, 1 L(1405) I=0 S-wave, non-resonant

S(1385) I=1 P-wave

p-S0 [p-L] I=1 d(K-,p)p-S0 [p-L]

p0 S0 I=0 L(1405) (I=0, S wave)

non-resonant

Identifying all final states to decompose the I=0 and I = 1 amplitude

Charged mode

Neutral mode

Result• Consistent I=0

amplitude

• S-wave dominant

(no S(1385) in I=1)

𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒: 1417−5+6 − 27−4

+7𝑖 MeVPaper submitted to PRL

5. Future plans

Challenge to the “hyperon puzzle”

Future plans (2022~) for hypernuclei

More Sp, Lp scattering experiments

ds/dW and spin observables

Precise BL and structure data of light to heavy

L-hypernuclei via (p,K+) and g-ray spectroscopy

Various S=-2 systems

X-hypernuclei via 12C,.. (K-,K+) 12XBe,.. spectroscopy

=> K1.8 line

=> K1.1 line

=> HIHR line => K1.1 line

=> K1.8BR and K1.1 lines

Modification of baryon in nuclear medium

gL in nucleus via B(M1) of L-spin-flip g-ray

b-decay of L in nucleus => K1.1 line

Extension Plans of J-PARC Hadron Hall

• < 2.0 GeV/c

• ~106 K-/spill

Muon

• 30 GeV proton

• <31 GeV/c unseparated

2ndary beams (mostly pions),

~107/spill

• < 1.1 GeV/c

• ~105 K-/spill

• < 1.2 GeV/c

• ~106 K-/spill

• <10 GeV/c separated

pion, kaon, pbar

• ~107/spill K-

• 5 deg extraction

• ~5.2 GeV/c K0

• Good n/K

• < 2.0 GeV/c

• 1.8x108 pion/spill

• x10 better Dp/p

105 m

High precision

L hypernuclear spectroscopy

g-ray spectroscopy

weak decays

LN, SN scattering

LL, X hypernuclei

H dibaryon

S= -1 Systems

S= -2 Systems

Requesting a budget ~ 200M$

ElectrostaticSeparator

Prod. THigh Res.Spectrometer

Exp. Target Mass Slit

AchromaticFocus

~ 1.8x108 pion/pulse, 1.2 GeV/c,

Dp/p~1/10000 ->Dm~200 keV

designed by H. Noumi

High-Intensity High-Resolution line (HIHR)

(p+,K+) at HIHR @J-PARC

(p+,K+) @KEK

Density dependence of LN interaction (LNN)

=> Solve Hyperon Puzzle

Momentum dispersion matching

6. Summary

J-PARC hadron facility obtained various data for S=-1 and recently S=-2 hypernuclear systems mainly for BB interactions.

In g-ray spectroscopy of L hypernuclei, 4LHe data confirmed a

large CSB effect, and 19LF data extended our understanding of L

hypernuclear structure to a heavier system. A S-p scattering experiment is successfully running. It will get ~102

times more statistics than before. LL and X hypernuclear data in emulsion, including a recently

observed 11LLBe and 15

XC, have confirmed attractive LL and XN interactions.

New S=-2 experiments on X-atomic X-rays, H-dibaryon search, and (K-,K+) spectroscopy are being prepared.

Reliable data for ~50 MeV-bound K-pp was obtained. L(1405) spectrum was measured.

We will extend the J-PARC Hadron Hall at J-PARC and construct new beamlines, particularly for high-resolution L hypernuclear spectroscopy and LN/SN scattering.