Japanese battleship Musashi

For other ships of the same name, see Musashi (ship).Musashi () was the second ship of the Yamato class

Musashi, August 1942, taken from the bow

of Imperial Japanese Navy World War II battleships.She and her sister ship, Yamato, were the heaviest andmost powerfully armed battleships ever constructed, dis-placing 72,800 tonnes at full load and armed with nine 46cm (18.1 inch) Type 94 main guns. Neither ship survivedthe war.Named after Japan's ancient Musashi Province,*[1] theMusashi was commissioned in mid-1942, modified toserve as the flagship of the Combined Fleet, and spentthe rest of the year working up. The ship was trans-ferred to Truk in early 1943 and sortied several times thatyear with the fleet in unsuccessful searches for Ameri-can forces. She was used to transfer forces and equip-ment between Japan and various occupied islands severaltimes in 1944. Torpedoed in early 1944 by an Amer-ican submarine, Musashi was forced to return to Japanfor repairs, where the navy greatly augmented her anti-aircraft armament. She was present during the Battleof the Philippine Sea in June, but did not come in con-tact with American surface forces. Musashi was sunk byan estimated 19 torpedo and 17 bomb hits from Ameri-can carrier-based aircraft on 24 October 1944 during theBattle of Leyte Gulf. Over half of her crew was rescued.Her wreck was located in March 2015 by Paul Allen andhis team of researchers.

1 Design and description

Main article: Yamato-class battleship

During the 1930s the Japanese government adoptedan ultranationalist militancy with a view to greatly ex-pand the Japanese Empire.*[2] Japan withdrew from theLeague of Nations in 1934, renouncing its treaty obliga-tions.*[3] After withdrawing from the Washington NavalTreaty, which limited the size and power of capital ships,the Imperial Japanese Navy began their design of the newYamato class of heavy battleships. Their planners recog-nized Japan would be unable to compete with the out-put of U.S. naval shipyards should war break out, so the70,000 ton*[4] vessels of the Yamato class were designedto be capable of engaging multiple enemy battleships atthe same time.*[5]*[6]*[7]Musashi had a length of 244 metres (800 ft 6 in) betweenperpendiculars and 263 metres (862 ft 10 in) overall. Shehad a beam of 36.9 metres (121 ft 1 in)*[8] and a draftof 10.86 metres (35.6 ft) at deep load.*[9] she displaced64,000 long tons (65,000 t) at standard load and 71,659long tons (72,809 t) at deep load. Her crew consisted of2,500 officers and enlisted men in 1942, and about 2,800in 1944.*[10]The battleship had four sets of Kampon geared steamturbines, each of which drove one propeller shaft. Theturbines were designed to produce a total of 150,000shaft horsepower (110,000 kW), using steam provided by12 Kampon water-tube boilers, to give her a maximumspeed of 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph). She had a stowagecapacity of 6,300 long tons (6,400 t) of fuel oil, giving arange of 7,200 nautical miles (13,300 km; 8,300 mi) at aspeed of 16 knots (30 km/h; 18 mph).*[10]

1.1 Armament

Musashi ' s main battery consisted of nine 45-calibre 46cm (18.1 in) Type 94 guns mounted in three triple gunturrets, numbered from front to rear, each with an ele-vation range of 5 to +45 degrees. They fired a 1,460-kilogram (3,220 lb) armour-piercing (AP) shell to arange of 42,000 metres (46,000 yd).*[11] These were thelargest-calibre guns ever fitted to a ship.*[12] The gunshad a rate of fire of 1.5 to 2 rounds per minute.*[8]The ship's secondary battery consisted of twelve 60-calibre 15.5 cm (6.1 in) 3rd Year Type guns mountedin four triple turrets, one each fore and aft of the su-perstructure and one on each side amidships. These hadbecome available once the Mogami-class cruisers wererearmed with 20.3-centimetre (8.0 in) guns.*[13] With a55.87-kilogram (123.2 lb) AP shell, the guns had a max-

1

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2 2 CONSTRUCTION

imum range of 27,400 metres (30,000 yd) at an eleva-tion of 45 degrees. Their rate of fire was five roundsper minute.*[14] Heavy anti-aircraft defence was pro-vided by a dozen 40-calibre 127-millimetre Type 89 dual-purpose guns in six twin turrets, three on each side ofthe superstructure.*[8] When firing at surface targets, theguns had a range of 14,700 metres (16,100 yd); they hada maximum ceiling of 9,440 metres (30,970 ft) at theirmaximum elevation of 90 degrees. Their maximum rateof fire was 14 rounds a minute; their sustained rate of firewas around eight rounds per minute.*[15]Musashi also carried thirty-six 25 mm Type 96 light anti-aircraft (AA) guns in triple-gun mounts, all mountedon the superstructure.*[16] These 25-millimetre (0.98in) guns had an effective range of 1,5003,000 metres(1,6003,300 yd), and an effective ceiling of 5,500 me-tres (18,000 ft) at an elevation of +85 degrees. The max-imum effective rate of fire was only between 110 and 120rounds per minute because of the frequent need to changethe fifteen-round magazines.*[17] This was the standardJapanese light AA gun during World War II; it sufferedfrom severe design shortcomings that rendered it a largelyineffective weapon. According to historian Mark Stille,the twin and triple mounts lacked sufficient speed intrain or elevation; the gun sights were unable to handlefast targets; the gun exhibited excessive vibration; themagazine was too small, and ... the gun produced ex-cessive muzzle blast.*[18] The ship was also providedwith two twin mounts for the licence-built 13.2 mm Type93 anti-aircraft machine guns, one on each side of thebridge. The maximum range of these guns was 6,500metres (7,100 yd), but the effective range against aircraftwas only 1,000 metres (1,100 yd). The cyclic rate wasadjustable between 425 and 475 rounds per minute; theneed to change 30-round magazines reduced the effectiverate to 250 rounds per minute.*[19]While the ship was under repair in April 1944, the two15.5 centimetre wing turrets were removed and replacedwith three triple 25-millimetre (0.98 in) gun mounts each.Twenty-one triple 25 mm mounts and 25 single mountswere added, for a total light AA armament of one hundredand thirty 25 mm guns.*[20]

1.2 Armour

The ship's waterline armour belt was 410 millimetres(16.1 in) thick and angled outwards 20 degrees at thetop. Below it was a strake of armour that ranged in thick-ness from 270 to 200 millimetres (10.6 to 7.9 in) overthe magazines and machinery spaces respectively; it ta-pered to a thickness of 75 millimetres (3.0 in) at its bot-tom edge. The deck armour ranged in thickness from230 to 200 millimetres (9.1 to 7.9 in). The turrets wereprotected with an armour 650 millimetres (25.6 in) thickon the face, 250 millimetres (9.8 in) on the sides, and270 millimetres on the roof. The barbettes of the turretswere protected by armour 560 to 280 millimetres (22.0 to

11.0 in) thick, and the turrets of the 155 mm guns wereprotected by 50-millimetre (2.0 in) armour plates. Thesides of the conning tower were 500 millimetres (19.7in) thick and it had a 200-millimetre thick roof. Under-neath the magazines were 50-to-80-millimetre (2.0 to 3.1in) armour plates to protect the ship from mine damage.Musashi contained 1147 watertight compartments (1065underneath the armour deck, 82 above) to preserve buoy-ancy in the event of battle damage.*[21]

1.3 Aircraft

Musashi was fitted with two catapults on her quarterdeckand could stow up to seven floatplanes in her below-deckshangar. The ship operated Mitsubishi F1M biplanes andAichi E13A1 monoplanes and used a 6-tonne (5.9-long-ton), stern-mounted crane for recovery.*[22]

1.4 Fire control and sensors

The ship was equipped with four 15-metre (49 ft 3 in)rangefinders, one atop her forward superstructure and oneeach in her main gun turrets, and another 10-metre (32ft 10 in) one atop her rear superstructure. Each 15.5-centimetre (6.1 in) gun turret was equipped with an 8-metre (26 ft 3 in) rangefinder. Low-angle fire was con-trolled by two Type 98 fire-control directors mountedabove the rangefinders on the superstructure. Type 94high-angle directors controlled the 12.7 mm AA guns,with Type 95 short-range directors for the 25 mm AAguns.*[23]Musashi was built with a Type 0 hydrophone systemin her bow. It was only usable while stationary orat low speed.*[24] In September 1942 a Type 21 air-search radar was installed on the roof of the 15-metrerangefinder at the top of the forward superstructure. TwoType 22 surface-search radars were installed on the for-ward superstructure in July 1943. During repairs in April1944, the Type 21 radar was replaced by a more modernversion and a Type 13 early warning radar was fitted.*[20]

2 Construction

Musashi as she appeared in mid-1944

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3

To cope with Musashi ' s great size and weight, the con-struction slipway was reinforced, nearby workshops wereexpanded, and two floating cranes were built. The ship'skeel was laid down on 29 March 1938 at Mitsubishi'sNagasaki shipyard, and was designatedBattleship No.2. Throughout construction, a large curtain made ofhemp rope weighing 408 t (450 short tons) prevented out-siders from viewing construction.*[25]*[26]*[N 1]Launching the Musashi presented its own problems. Theship's 4-metre (13 ft 1 in) thick launch platform, madeof nine 44 cm (17 in) Douglas fir planks bolted to-gether, took two years to assemble (from keel-laying inMarch 1938) because of the difficulty in drilling per-fectly straight bolt holes through four metres of fresh tim-ber. The problem of slowing and stopping the massivehull once inside the narrow Nagasaki Harbour was ad-dressed by attaching 570 tonnes (560 long tons) of heavychains divided evenly between the two sides of the hullto create dragging resistance in the water. The launch,like the ship itself, had to be concealed from prying eyes;the most important means of accomplishing this was acitywide air-raid drill staged on the launch day to keepeveryone inside their homes. Musashi was successfullylaunched on 1 November 1940, coming to a stop only 1metre (3.3 ft) in excess of the hull's calculated 220 me-tres (720 ft) travel distance across the harbour. The entryof such a large mass into the water caused a 120 cm (3ft 11 in) tsunami, which propagated throughout the har-bour and up the local rivers, flooding homes and capsizingsmall fishing boats.*[28] Musashi was fitted out at nearbySasebo, with Captain Kaoru Arima assigned as her com-manding officer.*[20]Towards the end of fitting out, the ship's flagship facil-ities, including those on the bridge and in the admiral'scabins, were modified to satisfy Combined Fleet's de-sire to have the ship equipped as the primary flagship ofthe commander-in-chief, as her sister Yamato was too faralong for such changes. These alterations, along with im-provements in the secondary battery armour, pushed backcompletion and pre-handover testing of Musashi by twomonths, to August 1942.*[29]

3 Service

Musashi was commissioned at Nagasaki on 5 August1942, and assigned to the 1st Battleship Division togetherwith Yamato, Nagato, and Mutsu.*[30] Beginning fivedays later, the ship conducted machinery and aircraft-handling trials near Hashirajima. Her secondary arma-ment of twelve 127 mm guns, 12 triple 25 mm gunmounts, and four 13.2 mm (0.52 in) anti-aircraft machineguns was fitted from 328 September 1942 at Kure, aswell as a Type 21 radar. The ship was working up forthe rest of the year. Captain Arima was promoted to rearadmiral on 1 November.*[20]

Yamamoto's ashes return to Japan aboard Musashi, 23 May1943

Musashi was assigned to the Combined Fleet, com-manded by Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto, on 15 January1943*[31] and sailed for Truk three days later, arrivingon 22 January. On 11 February, she replaced her sistershipYamato as the fleet's flagship. On 3 April, Yamamotoleft Musashi and flew to Rabaul, New Britain to person-ally direct Operation I-Go", a Japanese aerial offen-sive in the Solomon Islands. His orders were interceptedand deciphered by Magic, and American Lockheed P-38Lightning fighters shot down his aircraft and killed himin Operation Vengeance while he was en route from NewBritain to Ballale, Bougainville. On 23 April, his cre-mated remains were flown back to Truk and placed in hiscabin on board Musashi.*[20]

Musashi and Yamato in Truk Lagoon in early 1943

On 17 May, in response to American attacks on Attu Is-land, Musashitogether with the carrier Hiy, two heavycruisers, and nine destroyerssortied to the northern Pa-cific. When no contact was made with American forces,the ships sailed to Kure on 23 May, where Yamamoto'sashes were taken from the vessel in preparation for aformal state funeral. Immediately afterwards, Musashi' s task force was significantly reinforced to counterat-tack American naval forces off Attu, but the island wascaptured before the force could intervene. On 9 June

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4 3 SERVICE

Arima was relieved by Captain Keiz Komura. On 24June, while being overhauled at Yokosuka Naval Arse-nal, Musashi was visited by Emperor Hirohito and high-ranking naval officers. From 18 July, the ship was fittedwith a pair of Type 22 radars at Kure.*[20] She sailed forTruk on 30 July and arrived there six days later, whereshe resumed her position as fleet flagship for AdmiralMineichi Koga.*[31]In mid-October, in response to suspicions of plannedAmerican raids on Wake Island, Musashi led a large fleetthree carriers, six battleships, and 11 cruisersto in-tercept American forces, but failed to make contact andreturned to Truk on 26 October. She spent the remainderof 1943 in Truk Lagoon. Captain Komura was promotedto rear admiral on 1 November and transferred to the 3rdFleet on 7 December as Chief of Staff, Captain BunjiAsakura assuming command of Musashi.*[20]

Emperor Hirohito and his staff on board Musashi, 24 June 1943

The ship remained in Truk Lagoon until 10 February1944, when she returned to Yokosuka. On 24 February,Musashi sailed for Palau, carrying one Imperial JapaneseArmy battalion and another of Special Naval LandingForces and their equipment. After losing most of herdeck cargo during a typhoon, she arrived at Palau on 29February and remained there for the next month. On 29March, Musashi departed Palau under cover of darknessto avoid an expected air raid, and encountered the sub-marine USS Tunny, which fired six torpedoes at the bat-tleship; five of them missed, but the sixth blew a hole 19feet (5.8 m) in diameter near the bow, flooding her with3000 tonnes of water.*[32] The torpedo hit killed sevencrewmen and wounded another eleven. After temporaryrepairs, Musashi sailed for Japan later that night and ar-rived at Kure Naval Arsenal on 3 April. From 1022April, she was repaired and her anti-aircraft armamentwas substantially increased. When she undocked on 22April, the ship's secondary battery comprised six 15.5cm guns, twenty-four 12.7 cm guns, one hundred andthirty 25 mm guns, and four 13.2 mm machine guns. Shealso received new radars (which were still primitive com-pared to American equipment),*[33] and depth-chargerails were installed on her fantail.*[20]

In May 1944, Captain Asakura was promoted to rearadmiral and Musashi departed Kure for Okinawa on 10May, then for Tawitawi on 12 May. She was assignedto the 1st Mobile Fleet, under the command of ViceAdmiral Jisabur Ozawa, with her sister. On 10 June,the battleships departed Tawitawi for Batjan under thecommand of Vice Admiral Matome Ugaki, in prepara-tion for Operation Kon, a planned counterattack againstthe American invasion of Biak. Two days later, whenword reached Ugaki of American attacks on Saipan, hisforce was diverted to the Mariana Islands. After theyrendezvoused with Ozawa's main force on 16 June, thebattleships were assigned to Vice Admiral Takeo Ku-rita's 2nd Fleet. During the Battle of the Philippine Sea,Musashi was not attacked.*[20]*[32] Following Japan'sdisastrous defeat in the battle (also known as theGreatMarianas Turkey Shoot), the Second Fleet returned toJapan. On 8 July, Musashi and her sister embarked 3,522men and equipment of the Army's 106th Infantry Regi-ment of the 49th Infantry Division and sailed for LinggaIsland, where they arrived on 17 July.*[20]

3.1 Battle of Leyte Gulf

Main article: Battle of Leyte GulfCaptain Toshihira Inoguchi relieved Asakura in com-

Musashi under attack by American carrier aircraft during theBattle of Leyte Gulf

mand of Musashi on 12 August and was promoted to rearadmiral on 15 October.*[20] Three days later, she sailedfor Brunei Bay, Borneo, to join the main Japanese fleetin preparation forOperation Sho1, the counterat-tack planned against the American landings at Leyte. TheJapanese plan called for Ozawa's carrier forces to lure theAmerican carrier fleets north of Leyte so that Kurita's 1stDiversion Force (also known as the Central Force) couldenter Leyte Gulf and destroy American forces landing onthe island. Musashi, together with the rest of Kurita'sforce, departed Brunei for the Philippines on 22 Octo-ber.*[34]

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5

The following day, the submarine USS Dace torpedoedand sank the heavy cruiser Maya near Palawan. The de-stroyer Akishimo rescued 769 survivors and transferredthem to Musashi later in the day.*[35] On 24 October,while transiting the Sibuyan Sea, Kurita's ships were spot-ted by a reconnaissance aircraft from the fleet carrier USSIntrepid. Just over two hours later, the battleship wasattacked by eight Curtiss SB2C Helldiver dive bombersfrom Intrepid at 10:27. One 500-pound (230 kg) bombstruck the roof of Turret No. 1, failing to penetrate. Twominutes later, Musashi was struck starboard amidships bya torpedo from a Grumman TBF Avenger, also from In-trepid. The ship took on 3,000 long tons (3,000 t) of waterand a 5.5 degree list to starboard that was later reducedto 1 degree by counterflooding compartments on the op-posite side. During this attack two Avengers were shotdown.*[20]An hour and a half later, another eight Helldivers fromIntrepid attacked Musashi again. One bomb hit the up-per deck and failed to detonate; another hit the port sideof the deck and penetrated two decks before explodingabove one of the engine rooms. Fragments broke a steampipe in the engine room and forced its abandonment aswell as that of the adjacent boiler room. Power was lostto the port inboard propeller shaft and the ship's speeddropped to 22 knots (41 km/h; 25 mph). Anti-aircraftfire shot down two Helldivers during this attack. Threeminutes later, nine Avengers attacked from both sides ofthe ship, scoring three torpedo hits on the port side. Onehit abreast Turret No. 1, the second flooded a hydraulicmachinery room forcing the main turrets to switch over toauxiliary hydraulic pumps, and the third flooded anotherengine room. More counterflooding reduced the list toone degree to port, but the degree of flooding reducedthe ship's forward freeboard by 6 feet (1.8 m). During thisattack, Musashi fired sanshikidan shells from her main ar-mament; one shell detonated in the middle gun of TurretNo. 1, possibly because of a bomb fragment in the barrel,and wrecked the turret's elevating machinery.*[20]

Musashi down by the bow after the air attacks, shortly before hersinking

At 13:31, the ship was attacked by 29 aircraft from the

fleet carriers Essex and Lexington. Two Grumman F6FHellcat fighters strafed the ship's deck and Helldiversscored four more bomb hits near her forward turrets.Musashi was hit by four more torpedoes, three of whichwere forward of Turret No. 1, causing extensive flood-ing. The ship was now listing one degree to starboard,and had taken on so much water that her bow was nowdown 13 feet (4.0 m) and her speed had been reduced to20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph). Two hours later nine Hell-divers from Enterprise attacked with 1,000-pound (450kg) armour-piercing bombs, scoring four hits. The shipwas hit by three more torpedoes, opening up her starboardbow*[36] and reducing her speed to 13 knots (24 km/h;15 mph). At 15:25, Musashi was attacked by 37 aircraftfrom Intrepid, the fleet carrier Franklin and the light car-rier Cabot. The ship was hit by 13 bombs and 11 moretorpedoes during this attack for the loss of three Avengersand three Helldivers. Her speed was reduced to 6 knots(11 km/h; 6.9 mph), her main steering engine was tem-porarily knocked out and her rudder was briefly jammed15 degrees to port. Counterflooding reduced her list tosix degrees to port from its previous maximum of ten de-grees. Musashi had been struck by a total of 19 torpedoesand 17 bombs.*[20]*[N 2]Kurita left Musashi to fend for herself at 15:30, and en-countered her again at 16:21 after reversing course. Theship was headed north, with a list of 10 degrees to port,down 26 feet (7.9 m) at the bow with her forecastleawash. He detailed a heavy cruiser and two destroy-ers to escort her while frantic efforts were made to cor-rect her list, including flooding another engine room andsome boiler rooms. Her engines stopped before shecould be beached. At 19:15 her list reached 12 de-grees and her crew was ordered to prepare to abandonship, which they did fifteen minutes later when the listreached 30 degrees. Musashi capsized at 19:36 and sankin 4,430 feet (1,350 m) at 1307N 12232E / 13.117N122.533ECoordinates: 1307N 12232E / 13.117N122.533E.*[N 3] Inoguchi chose to go down with hisship; 1,376 of her 2,399-man crew were rescued. Abouthalf of her survivors were evacuated to Japan, and the resttook part in the defence of the Philippines.*[20] The de-stroyer Shimakaze rescued 635 of Maya ' s survivors fromMusashi.*[40]

4 Discovery

In March 2015, the American philanthropist andMicrosoft co-founder Paul Allen and his team of re-searchers located the wreck of Musashi in the SibuyanSea using a remotely operated underwater vehicle de-ployed from the yacht Octopus.*[41] The ship lies at adepth of around 1,000 metres (3,300 ft).*[42]

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Dace_(SS-247)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_cruiser_Mayahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palawan_(island)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Akishimohttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibuyan_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleet_carrierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Intrepid_(CV-11)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Intrepid_(CV-11)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiverhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dive_bomberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_TBF_Avengerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_(watercraft)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeboard_(nautical)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beehive_(anti-aircraft_shell)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Essex_(CV-9)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Lexington_(CV-16)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcathttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strafehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Enterprise_(CV-6)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armor-piercing_shot_and_shellhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Franklin_(CV-13)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_carrierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light_carrierhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Cabot_(CVL-28)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steering_enginehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudderhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecastlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaching_(nautical)https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Japanese_battleship_Musashi&params=13_07_N_122_32_E_https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Japanese_battleship_Musashi&params=13_07_N_122_32_E_https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_systemhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Japanese_battleship_Musashi&params=13_07_N_122_32_E_https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Japanese_battleship_Musashi&params=13_07_N_122_32_E_https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippineshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_destroyer_Shimakaze_(1942)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Allenhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibuyan_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibuyan_Seahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remotely_operated_underwater_vehiclehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octopus_(yacht)

6 7 REFERENCES

5 Footnotes[1] The amount of sisal rope necessary to complete the cur-

tain was so great that it caused a shortage in the fishingindustry.*[27]

[2] The exact tally of hits is not precisely known; mostJapanese sources claim 11 torpedo and 10 bomb hits,*[20]Garzke & Dulin claim 20 torpedo and 17 bomb hits,*[37]and analysis by the US Naval Technical Mission to Japanacknowledges 10 torpedo and 16 bomb hits.*[38]

[3] Jentschura, Jung & Michel give a different location of1250N 12235E / 12.833N 122.583E.*[39]

6 Citations[1] Silverstone, p. 334

[2] Willmott (2000), p. 32.

[3] Garzke and Dulin (1985), p. 44.

[4] Jackson (2000), p. 74; Jentshura, Jung and Mickel (1977),p. 38.

[5] Johnston and McAuley (2000), p. 122.

[6] Willmott (2000), p. 35. The Japanese Empire produced3.5% of the world's industrial output, while the UnitedStates produced 35%.

[7] Garzke & Dulin, p. 45

[8] Chesneau, p. 178

[9] Skulski, p. 10

[10] Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 38

[11] Skulski, pp. 1819

[12] Bawal, p. 177

[13] Garzke & Dulin, pp. 9192

[14] Campbell, pp. 18788

[15] Campbell, pp. 19293

[16] Skulski, p. 20

[17] Campbell, p. 200

[18] Stille, p. 11

[19] Campbell, p. 202

[20] Hackett & Kingsepp

[21] Garzke & Dulin, pp. 100, 104, 122

[22] Skulski, pp. 2526

[23] Skulski, pp. 2021

[24] Skulski, p. 21

[25] Garzke & Dulin, pp. 51, 53, 66

[26] Yoshimura, p. 29

[27] Garzke & Dulin, p. 51

[28] Yoshimura, pp. 8385, 97, 109, 11517

[29] Yoshimura, pp. 12325

[30] Garzke & Dulin, p. 66

[31] Whitley, p. 216

[32] Stille, p. 42

[33] Padfield, p. 285

[34] Polmar & Genda, pp. 42022

[35] Lacroix & Wells, pp. 34647

[36] Padfield, pp. 286287

[37] Garzke & Dulin, p. 18

[38] Holtzworth, p. 22

[39] Jentschura, Jung & Mickel, p. 39

[40] Lacroix & Wells, p. 347

[41] Agence France-Presse (4 March 2015). US BillionairePaul Allen Discovers Wreck of Japan's Biggest WarshipMusashi. The Guardian. Retrieved 4 March 2015.

[42] Microsofts Allen Says WWII Battleship MusashiFound. The Japan Times. 4 March 2015. Retrieved4 March 2015.

7 References Campbell, John (1985). Naval Weapons of WorldWar II. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.ISBN 0-87021-459-4.

Chesneau, Roger, ed. (1980). Conway's All theWorld's Fighting Ships 19221946. Greenwich, UK:Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-146-7.

Garzke, William H.; Dulin, Robert O. (1985). Bat-tleships: Axis and Neutral Battleships in World WarII. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.ISBN 978-0-87021-101-0.

Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2012).IJN Bat-tleship Musashi: Tabular Record of Movement.Combinedfleet.com. Retrieved 17 April 2013.

Holtzworth, E.C., Commander (January 1946).Reports of the US Naval Technical Mission to

Japan: Ship and Related Targets - Article 2: Yam-ato(BB), Musashi(BB), Taiho(CV), Shinano(CV)".United States Navy. Retrieved 28 April 2013.

Bawal, Raymond A. (2010). Titans of the RisingSun: The Rise and Fall of Japan's Yamato Class Bat-tleships. Inland Expressions. ISBN 0-9818157-3-1.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sisalhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Japanese_battleship_Musashi&params=12_50_N_122_35_E_http://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/04/us-billionaire-paul-allen-discovers-wreck-of-japans-biggest-warship-musashihttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/04/us-billionaire-paul-allen-discovers-wreck-of-japans-biggest-warship-musashihttp://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/04/us-billionaire-paul-allen-discovers-wreck-of-japans-biggest-warship-musashihttp://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/04/national/history/microsofts-allen-says-wwii-battleship-musashi-found/#.VPaxv_mUf_Ehttp://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2015/03/04/national/history/microsofts-allen-says-wwii-battleship-musashi-found/#.VPaxv_mUf_Ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-459-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-146-7https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87021-101-0http://www.combinedfleet.com/musashi.htmhttp://www.combinedfleet.com/musashi.htmhttp://www.fischer-tropsch.org/primary_documents/gvt_reports/USNAVY/USNTMJ%2520Reports/USNTMJ-200H-0745-0786%2520Report%2520S-06-2.pdfhttp://www.fischer-tropsch.org/primary_documents/gvt_reports/USNAVY/USNTMJ%2520Reports/USNTMJ-200H-0745-0786%2520Report%2520S-06-2.pdfhttp://www.fischer-tropsch.org/primary_documents/gvt_reports/USNAVY/USNTMJ%2520Reports/USNTMJ-200H-0745-0786%2520Report%2520S-06-2.pdfhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9818157-3-1

7

Jentschura, Hansgeorg; Jung, Dieter; Mickel, Peter(1977). Warships of the Imperial Japanese Navy,18691945. Annapolis, Maryland: United StatesNaval Institute. ISBN 0-87021-893-X.

Lacroix, Eric; Wells, Linton (1997). JapaneseCruisers of the Pacific War. Annapolis, Maryland:Naval Institute Press. ISBN 0-87021-311-3.

Padfield, Peter (2000). Battleship. Edinburgh: Bir-linn. ISBN 1-84158-080-5.

Polmar, Norman; Genda, Minoru (2006). Air-craft Carriers: A History of Carrier Aviation andIts Influence on World Events. Volume 1, 19091945. Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books. ISBN1-57488-663-0.

Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of theWorld'sCapital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN0-88254-979-0.

Skulski, Janusz (1995). The Battleship Yamato.Anatomy of the Ship (reprint of the 1988 ed.). Lon-don: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-85177-490-3.

Stille, Mark (2008). Imperial Japanese Navy Bat-tleships 194145. New Vanguard 146. Botley, Ox-ford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-84603-280-6.

Whitley, M. J. (1999). Battleships of World WarTwo: An International Encyclopedia. Annapolis,Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-184-X.

Yoshimura, Akira (1999). Battleship Musashi: TheMaking and Sinking of the World's Greatest Battle-ship. Tokyo: Kodansha International. ISBN 4-7700-2400-2.

8 External links Media related to Japanese battleship Musashi at

Wikimedia Commons

Maritimequest.com: Musashi photo gallery

WW2DB: Musashi

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-893-Xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87021-311-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84158-080-5https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minoru_Gendahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57488-663-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88254-979-0https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-490-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-490-3https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84603-280-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84603-280-6https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-184-Xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-184-Xhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7700-2400-2https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/4-7700-2400-2https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/HIJMS%2520Musashihttp://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/japan/battleships/musashi_page_1.htmhttp://ww2db.com/ship_spec.php?ship_id=3

8 9 TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

9 Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

9.1 Text Japanese battleship Musashi Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20battleship%20Musashi?oldid=650606602 Contributors:

Kowloonese, Rmhermen, Isomorphic, Jpatokal, Jll, Lupinoid, Nikai, Kaihsu, Emperorbma, David Newton, Tpbradbury, Raul654, Ortonmc,Robbot, Pjedicke, Spike, Carnildo, Oberiko, Wwoods, Leonard G., Per Honor et Gloria, Grant65, Bobblewik, OldakQuill, Gdr, N328KF,Rich Farmbrough, Rama, SpookyMulder, Livajo, Robotje, Irrawaddy, Denniss, Gene Nygaard, Mahanga, Woohookitty, Bellhalla, TomThe-Hand, Pol098, Tabletop, Shikai shaw, Miwasatoshi, Koavf, Jehochman, MChew, FlaBot, YurikBot, Spventi, RussBot, Hawkeye7, Spot87,Megapixie, Tony1, Emijrp, Ziggur, Ningyou, Curpsbot-unicodify, JSC ltd, Mjroots, Nick-D, Wallie, Groyolo, SmackBot, Eskimbot, Cla68,Betacommand, Chris the speller, Bluebot, GoldDragon, Muboshgu, Greenshed, Ohconfucius, Sambot, John, Vgy7ujm, Mgiganteus1, -js-,Mr Stephen, 2T, Haus, BBuchbinder, Fernvale, CmdrObot, The ed17, Fred8615, Cydebot, Tec15, Soetermans, DumbBOT, Brad101,Mtpaley, Sharpief3, Tewapack, Saintrain, LeoDaVinci, DPdH, Vamsae, Brockthepaine, Ericoides, Flying tiger, Magioladitis, Parsecboy,The Anomebot2, Xyl 54, Jlittlenz, Shibumi2, Kresadlo, UnitedStatesian, Truthanado, Climie.ca, Senor Cuete, OofyProsser, Anyevery-body, JL-Bot, MurdocJern, Loren.wilton, MBK004, Binksternet, PipepBot, Trfasulo, IceUnshattered, PixelBot, Sturmvogel 66, Staygyro,La Pianista, Dank, DumZiBoT, Lostdistance, XLinkBot, Wikiuser100, SilvonenBot, Tree Cannon, Addbot, Magus732, BrainMarble,Herr Gruber, Lightbot, Delta 51, Legobot, Luckas-bot, Yobot, , Peter Flass, Citation bot, Xqbot, Bucketfoot-al, Aloahwild,Polgianman, NocturneNoir, Zumalabe, Alonso de Mendoza, RedBot, ScottMHoward, Foobarnix, Al Simmons, Lightlowemon, TobeBot,DexDor, Alph Bot, EmausBot, Markwpowell64, Illegitimate Barrister, 0607crp, Brandmeister, SBaker43, JonRichfield, Gunbirddriver,Helpful Pixie Bot, Lowercase sigmabot, BG19bot, Portuguese Man o' War, Dexbot, Dissident93, STRONGlk7, Cerabot, VoxelBot, Jor-dansocial, Pureromblomanon, Lapilluminati and Anonymous: 77

9.2 Images File:1938_Japan_Navy_battleship.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c1/1938_Japan_Navy_battleship.

jpg License: Public domain Contributors: http://www.geocities.jp/torikai007/japanchina/1937.html Original artist: Unknown File:BS_Bismarck.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/BS_Bismarck.png License: GFDL Contributors:

Cropped from a previous version of File:Bb bismarck.png [] Original artist: User:Anynobody File:Cscr-featured.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg License: ? Contributors: ? Original

artist: ? File:Japanese_battleship_Musashi_cropped.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Japanese_battleship_

Musashi_cropped.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Japanese_battleship_Musashi.jpg Original artist: Tobei Shiraishi File:Musashi1944.png Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/Musashi1944.png License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Con-

tributors: Own work Original artist: Alexpl File:Musashi_24_Oct_1944.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/55/Musashi_24_Oct_1944.jpg License:

Public domain Contributors: ? Original artist: ? File:Musashi_under_fire.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Musashi_under_fire.jpg License: Public

domain Contributors: U.S. Navy National Museum of Naval Aviation photo No. 1996.488.037.016; Official U.S. Navy photo NH 63432from the U.S. Navy Naval History and Heritage Command Original artist: U.S. Navy

File:Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4f/Naval_Ensign_of_Japan.svg License:CC-BY-SA-3.0 Contributors: and File:DSP Z 8702 C.pdf Original artist: David Newton, uploader was Denelson83

File:Yamamoto'{}s_ashes_on_Musashi.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1f/Yamamoto%27s_ashes_on_Musashi.jpg License: Public domain Contributors: Agawa, Hiroyuki, The Reluctant Admiral, Kodansha International, Tokyo, 1979,p. 204. Original artist: Unknown

File:YamatoClassBattleships.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/51/YamatoClassBattleships.jpg License:Public domain Contributors: http://www.geocities.jp/jrksonic883/index.html. This photo is part of the records in the Yamato Museum(PG071333). Search with the kanji characters of Musashi () for the name (second field), and for the period (last field). Originalartist: Takeo Kanda

File: 5.jpg Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5a/%E5%B3%B6%E6%9D%91%E4%BF%A1%E6%94%BF5.jpg License: CC BY-SA 3.0 Contributors: Own work Original artist:

9.3 Content license Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0

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Design and descriptionArmamentArmourAircraftFire control and sensors

ConstructionServiceBattle of Leyte Gulf

DiscoveryFootnotesCitationsReferencesExternal linksText and image sources, contributors, and licensesTextImagesContent license