Java.Промышленное программирование

.. , ..

Java .

2007

004.434 32.973.26-018.2

69

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, . , - ..

:

, - .. , , ..

, ..

69 Java. : . / .. , .. . : , 2007. 704 .

ISBN 978-985-6699-63-7

, - Java SE 6 J2EE. Java - . Java, , , - , L. - , JSP, .

-. , HTML, XML, JavaScript, Struts Hibernate , J2EE XML.

004.434

32.973.26-018.2

.., .., 2007

ISBN 978-985-6699-63-7 . , 2007

............................................................................................................... 10

1. JAVA

1. ................................................. 11

2. ........................................................ 27

3. .................................................................................................. 50

4. .............................................. 78

5. ......................................................... 105

6. ...................................... 139

2.

7. ............................................................................. 160

8. ............................................................... 190

9. . / ................................................ 205

10. ......................................................................................... 229

11. ........................ 259

12. .............................................................................................. 275

13. ............................. 287

14. ................................................................... 328

15. .................................................................... 350

16. XML & JAVA ......................................................................................... 364

3. WEB-

17. JSP ........................................................ 414

18. ............................................................................................ 426

19. JAVA SERVER PAGES ......................................................................... 446

20. JDBC ....................................................................................................... 479

21. C, .................................................... 504

22. ............................................................. 523

....................................................................................... 536

1. TML ............................................................................................. 552

2. JavaScript ........................................................................................ 574

3. UML ............................................................................................... 599

4. SQL .............................................................. 608

5. Hibernate ............................................................................................. 625

6. Struts ............................................................................................... 645

7. (Logger) ........................................................ 667

8. Apache Ant ..................................................................................... 676

9. ....................................................................................... 690

............................................... 703

............................................................................................................... 10

1. JAVA

1. ............................................. 11 ................................................................... 11 Java ........................................................................................... 14 5.0 6.0 ........................................................ 15 ........................................................................ 16 ............................................................................. 19 .......................................................................... 20 .............................................................................................. 21 ................................................................................. 23 1 ............................................................................... 24 1 .............................................................. 25

2. ..................................................... 27 ................................................... 27 ................................................................... 29 ......................................................................................... 31 - .............................................................................. 34 ..................................................................... 37 ............................................................................................. 39 th ......................................................................................... 43 ................................................................ 44 2 ............................................................................... 47 2 .............................................................. 49

3. .................................................................................................. 50 ..................................................... 50 ........................................................................ 51 .................................................................................... 52 .............................................................................................. 54 ............................................................. 55 final ............................................................................ 56 ........................................................................ 57 native .......................................................................... 57 synchronized .............................................................. 57 ............................................................................. 58 .......................................................................... 59 ............................................................. 60 ............................................................ 65 .................................... 65 .................................................................................... 67 ......................................................................................... 70 3 ............................................................................... 72 3 .............................................................. 76

4. ........................................... 78 .................................................................................... 78 final .......................................................................... 81 super this ............................................................... 82 .................................... 83 ............................................................................ 86 ...................................................... 86 .............................................. 88 .................................................. 89 Object ....................................................................................... 91 ................................................................... 95 ................................... 97 4 ............................................................................... 99 4 ............................................................. 102

5. ...................................................... 105 GRASP ................................................. 105 Expert .................................................................................. 105 Creator ................................................................................ 107 Low Coupling ..................................................................... 108 High Cohesion .................................................................... 111 Controller ............................................................................ 113 GoF ...................................................... 114 ................................................................. 115 Factory ................................................................................ 115 AbstractFactory ................................................................... 117 Builder ................................................................................ 120 Singleton ............................................................................. 122 .................................................................... 123 Bridge ................................................................................. 123 Decorator ............................................................................ 125 ........................................................................ 127 Command ............................................................................ 128 Strategy ............................................................................... 131 Observer .............................................................................. 133 ...................................................... 135 5 .............................................................................. 137 5 ............................................................. 137

6. ................................. 139 ...................................................................................... 139 .............................................................................................. 142 ........................................................................ 145 .......................................................................... 146 (inner) .............................................................. 147 (nested) ............................................................. 152 (anonymous) .................................................... 153 6 .............................................................................. 156 6 ............................................................. 158

2.

7. ........................................................................... 160 String ....................................................................................... 160 StringBuilder StringBuffer ................................................ 165 .................................................................... 167 ............................................................. 173 ................................................................... 174 ......................................................... 178 ........................................................... 181 ............................................................... 182 7 .............................................................................. 184 7 ............................................................. 188

8. ............................................................ 190 ...................................................... 190 throw ................................................................................. 195 finally .................................................................... 197 ............................................................... 198 ........................................................... 199 assertion ..................................................... 201 8 .............................................................................. 202 8 ............................................................. 203

9. . / ............................................. 205 File .......................................................................................... 205 / .............................. 207 .............................................................. 212 ................................................................... 214 ............................................................................................. 218 Scanner ................................................................................... 219 ........................................................................................ 222 9 .............................................................................. 226 9 ............................................................. 227

10. ...................................................................................... 229 ......................................................................... 229 .............................................................................................. 231 Deque ................................................................................................. 239 ........................................................................................ 240 ......................................................................... 245 ............................................................ 249 Collections .............................................................................. 250 Arrays ..................................................................................... 253 10 ............................................................................ 255 10 ........................................................... 257

11. ................ 259 ................................................................ 259 ............................................................................................ 261 ............................................................................................. 270 11 ............................................................................ 272 11 ........................................................... 273

12. ............................................................................................ 275

........................................................................... 275

- ............................................................................. 281

12 ............................................................................ 284

12 ........................................................... 285

13. ....................... 287

................................................................. 287

..................................................................... 293

JavaBeans ............................................... 318

13 ............................................................................ 325

13 ........................................................... 326

14. ................................................................ 328

Thread Runnable ............................................... 328

................................................................. 329

............................... 330

...................................................................... 331

- ................................................................................ 333

............................................. 335

synchronized ....................................................................... 337

synchronized ................................................................. 340

............................................................................. 342

J2SE 5 ................................................................................ 344

14 ............................................................................ 347

14 ........................................................... 348

15. ................................................................ 350

....................................................................... 350

TCP/IP ................................. 354

............................................................................. 356

UDP ......................................................... 359

15 ............................................................................ 361

15 ........................................................... 362

16. XML & JAVA ........................................................................................ 364

DTD ................................................................................................... 367

XSD ........................................................................................ 370

XML- ............................................................................ 380

SAX- ............................................................................ 381

........................................................................ 388

Xerces ................................................................................................ 388

JDOM ................................................................................................ 392

StAX .................................................................................................. 399

XSL .................................................................................................... 404

.............................................................. 407

16 ............................................................................ 408

16 ........................................................... 412

3. WEB-

17. JSP .................................................... 414

................................................................................ 414

................... 416

JSP ........................................................................................ 419

JSP ...................................................... 421

17 ............................................................................ 424

17 ........................................................... 424

18. .......................................................................................... 426

ServletContext ................................................................ 426

ServletConfig ................................................................. 427

ServletRequest HttpServletRequest .......................... 428

ServletResponse HttpServletResponse ..................... 432

........................................................................... 432

............................................................................. 436

........................................................................... 439

18 ............................................................................ 443

18 ........................................................... 444

19. JAVA SERVER PAGES ....................................................................... 446

action ......................................................... 447

JSP- .................................................................................... 449

JSTL ................................................................................................... 451

............................................................................. 453

JSTL core ............................................................................................ 454

JSTL fmt ........................................................................................... 458

JSTL sql ............................................................................................. 461

JSTL xml ........................................................................................... 461

........................................................................ 462

........................................................................... 463

............................................................ 465

JSP .................................. 467

19 ............................................................................ 476

19 ........................................................... 477

20. JDBC ....................................................................................................... 479

, ................................................... 479

MySQL ................................................................................... 481

........................................... 482

...................................................................................... 485

....................... 486

....................................................................................... 489

............................................................................ 493

............................................................................... 495

20 ............................................................................ 497

20 ........................................................... 502

21. C, ............................................... 504

() .................................................................................. 504

Cookie ................................................................................................ 509

.......................................................................... 512

............................................................................................ 516

21 ............................................................................ 519

21 ........................................................... 521

22. ........................................................ 523

....................................................................................... 523

.............................................................................. 526

........................................................................................ 528

action ............................................................................... 531

22 ............................................................................ 533

22 ........................................................... 534

....................................................................................... 536

1. HTML ............................................................................................. 552

2. JavaScript ........................................................................................ 574

3. UML ............................................................................................... 599

4. SQL .............................................................. 608

5. Hibernate ............................................................................................. 625

6. Struts ............................................................................................... 645

7. (Logger) ........................................................ 667

8. Apache Ant ..................................................................................... 676

9. ....................................................................................... 690

............................................... 703

Java 2. , 2005 . Java SE 6 J2EE.

, - - , EPAM Systems, Sun Microsystems Java. Java , - Java .

, , . Java-, . , - , Java-. . , .

. - Java - -. , , XML. - - , JSP , - .

. - .

, - HTML , Java-, - Struts Hibernate , Apache Ant .

EPAM Systems: UML ; - SQL ; XML&Java Struts Hibernate ; Apache Ant - ; JavaScript .

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Java Foundation Classes (JFC) Swing;

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// # 1 : : First.java package chapt01;

public class First {

public static void main(String[] args) {

// System.out.print(" ");

System.out.println(" !");

}

}

, -

:

/* # 2 : - :

FirstProgram.java */ package chapt01;

public class FirstProgram {


// firstObject MustangLogic firstObject = new MustangLogic();

// , firstObject.jumpMustang();

}

}

// # 3 : : MustangLogic class MustangLogic {

public void jumpMustang() {//

// System.out.println(" !");

}

}

FirstProgram ,

main(), Java

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- String[] args,

, (public) . ,

main() . static -

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MustangLogic firstObject = new MustangLogic();

firstObject.jumpMustang();

" !"

println() (ln ) out

System,

java.lang.

FirstProgram.java ( .java ), -

. package chapt01;

chapt01,

. , , . package ,

. ( - ), -.

2 3 FirstProgram.java.

. -

( chapt01):

javac chapt01/FirstProgram.java

FirstProgram.class

Mustang.class. -

Java:

java chapt01.FirstProgram

FirstProgram.class

chapt01, .

, - , java.sun.com. -

. JDK ( Windows) c:\jdk1.6.0, , Java

, - LASSPATH :

LASSPATH=.;c:\jdk1.6.0\

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-

, PATH

PATH=c:\jdk1.6.0\bin

javac.exe

java.exe. JDK -

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main(). , -

,

String[] args. args[0] ..

args.length.

/* # 4 : : OutArgs.java */ package chapt01;

public class OutArgs {


for (String str : args)

System.out.printf("A-> %s%n", str);

}

}

Java 5.0 for

Java printf(). -

for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)

System.out.println("A-> " + args[i]);

:

java chapt01.OutArgs 2007 Mustang "Java SE 6"

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-> 2007

-> Mustang

-> Java SE 6

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// # 5 : Java Beans : User.java package chapt01;

public class User {

public int numericCode;// private String password;

public void setNumericCode(int value) {

if(value > 0) numericCode = value;

else numericCode = 1;

}

public int getNumericCode() {

return numericCode;

}

public void setPassword(String pass) {

if (pass != null) password = pass;

else password = "11111";

}

public String getPassword() {

//public String getPass() {// return password;

}

}

User numericCode password,

public private. password -

, setPassword(). numericCode -

User. public- -

.

/* # 6 : , : UserView.java : Runner.java */ package chapt01;

class UserView {

public static void welcome(User obj) {

System.out.printf("! : %d, : %s",

obj.getNumericCode(), obj.getPassword());

}

}

public class Runner {


User user = new User();

user.numericCode = 71;// -

// user.password = null; //

user.setPassword("pass"); // UserView.welcome(user);

}

}

- :

! : 71, : pass

.

. new , :

User user; //

user = new User(); //

:

User user = new User();/* */

new , -

, . , .

, .

, , equals(). -

Object,

- .

/* # 7 : : ComparingStrings.java */ package chapt01;

public class ComparingStrings {


String s1, s2;

s1 = "Java";

s2 = s1; // System.out.println(" "

+ (s1 == s2)); // true

// s1 += '2';

// s1-="a"; //,

// s2 = new String(s1);

System.out.println(" "

+ (s1 == s2)); // false


+ s1.equals(s2)); // true }

}

System.in -

. -

-

, ,

.

// # 8 : System.in : DemoSystemIn.java package chapt01;

public class ReadCharRunner {


int x;

try {

x = System.in.read();

char c = (char)x;

System.out.println(" : " + c + " =" + x);

} catch (java.io.IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

IOException,

/ -

, main()

try-catch.

-. .

// # 9 : : ReadCharRunner.java package chapt01;

import java.io.*;//

public class ReadCharRunner {


/* System.in InputStreamReader */ InputStreamReader is =

new InputStreamReader(System.in);

/* , */

BufferedReader bis = new BufferedReader(is);

try {

System.out.println(

" :");

/* ; readLine() try */

String name = bis.readLine();

System.out.println(", " + name);

} catch (IOException e) {

System.err.print(" " + e);

}

}

}

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:

,

, , , .

,

printf()

Console.

/* # 10 : printf() Console: PrintDeutsch.java */ public class PrintDeutsch {


String str = "ber";

System.out.println(str);

Console con = System.console();

con.printf("%s", str);

}

}

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ber

ber

Java

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// # 11 : : FirstApplet.java import java.awt.Graphics;

import java.util.Calendar;

public class FirstApplet extends javax.swing.JApplet {

private Calendar calendar;

public void init() {

calendar = Calendar.getInstance();

setSize(250,80);

}

public void paint(Graphics g) {

g.drawString(" :", 20, 15);

g.drawString(

calendar.getTime().toString(), 20, 35);

}

}

Calendar java.util. toString() -

, ,

drawString().

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main()

init() paint().

HTML- Web-,

Java. ()

HTML- view.html:

FirstApplet.class -

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view.html .1.4.

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appletviewer.exe.

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1.1. :

class Quest1 {

private static void main (String a) {

System.out.println("Java 2");

} }

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1) Quest1 public;

2) main() String[] a;

3) main() public;

4) main().

1.2. Java: ( 2)

1) goto;

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class Quest3 {

public static void main(String s[ ]) {

String args;

System.out.print(args + s);

}

}

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1) : main() -

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2) : args ;

3) : -

print();

4) .

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public class Quest4 {


byte b[]=new byte[80];

for (int i=0;i

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boolean 8 false true, false

byte 8 0 128..127

char 16 '\u0000' 0..65535

short 16 0 32768..32767

int 32 0 -2147483648..2147483647

long 64 0 922372036854775807L

float 32 0.0 3.40282347E+38

double 64 0.0 1.797693134486231570E+308

Java , : 35 -

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long, L

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int (2147483647), Java , long.

1.618 -

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'\n' , '\r' , '\f' ,

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5.0 Unicode 4.0.

Character.

true false, null

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byte short int long float double. Java byte short

int .

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byte b = (byte)128; // int byte

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/* # 1 : , :TypeByte.java */ package chapt02;

public class TypeByte {


byte b = 1, b1 = 1 + 2;

final byte B = 1 + 2;

//b = b1 + 1; //

/* b1 , b = b1 + 1; , b1 + 1 - byte- */

b = (byte)(b1 + 1);

b = B + 1; //

/* B - , , - B + 1, byte , */ //b = -b; //

b = (byte) -b;

//b = +b; // b = (byte) +b;

int i = 3;

//b = i; // , int byte b = (byte) i;

final int I = 3;

b = I; //

/*I . , byte, , */

final int I2 = 129;

//b=I2; // , .. 129 , 127 b = (byte) I2;

b += i++; //

b += 1000; //

b1 *= 2; // float f = 1.1f;

b /= f; //

/* - , . , b /= f; b = (byte)(b / f); */

}

}

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Java /* */

//, , C++.

/** */, :

@author ;

@version ;

@exception ;

@param , ;

@return , ;

@deprecated , -

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@throws , ;

@see .

java-, , javadoc.exe

HTML-.

User .

package chapt02;

public class User {

/**

* personal user's code

*/

private int numericCode;

/**

* user's password

*/

private String password;

/**

* see also chapter #3 "Classes"

*/

public User() {

password = "default";

}

/**

* @return the numericCode

* return the numericCode

*/

public int getNumericCode() {

return numericCode;

}

/**

* @param numericCode the numericCode to set

* parameter numericCode to set

*/

public void setNumericCode(int numericCode) {

this.numericCode = numericCode;

}

/**

* @return the password

* return the password

*/

public String getPassword() {

return password;

}

/**

* @param password the password to set

* parameter password to set

*/

public void setPassword(String password) {

this.password = password;

}

}

HTML- :

. 2.1. User

Java C++

. Java , *,

&, ->, delete .

- . + +=

String. -

==, != = -

, . , .

: +, , *, %, /, ++, &, |, ^,

~ C++. -

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, - , IEEE 754 -

+Infinity Infinity NaN (Not a Number),

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+= ( -)

/= ( )

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|= ( ) >>= ( )

& >>>

&= (c ) >>>=

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instanceof ?: (if-then-else).

boolean

Boolean (true false).

// # 2 : %: DemoOperators.java package chapt02;

public class DemoOperators {


System.out.println("5%1=" + 5%1 + " 5%2=" + 5%2);

int b1 = 0xe;//14 1110

int b2 = 0x9;//9 1001

int i = 0;

System.out.println(b1 + "|" + b2 + " = " +

(b1|b2));

System.out.println(b1 + "&" + b2 + " = " +

(b1&b2));

System.out.println(b1 + "^" + b2 + " = " +

(b1^b2));

System.out.println( "~" + b2 + " = " + ~b2);

System.out.println(b1 + ">>" + ++i + " = " +

(b1>>i));

System.out.println(b1 + ">>" + i +" = " +

(b1>>>i));

}

}

:

5%1=0 5%2=1

14|9 = 15

14&9 = 8

14^9 = 7

~9 = -10

14>>1 = 7

14>2 = 3

"?" :

boolean ? :

boolean true,

, -

.

instanceof true, -

. , :

class Course extends Object {}

class BaseCourse extends Course {}

class FreeCourse extends BaseCourse {}

class OptionalCourse extends Course {}

. 2.2.

instanceof

doLogic(Course c):

void doLogic(Course c) {

if (c instanceof BaseCourse) {/* BaseCourse

FreeCourse*/

} else if (c instanceof OptionalCourse) {/*

OptionalCourse*/

} else {/* Course*/} }

instanceof ,

, .

Object , -

Object. -

null ,

null - .

null -

. null -

,

instanceof.

-

, Java -

- (wrapper-) java.lang: Boolean,

Character, Integer, Byte, Short, Long, Float, Double.

, .

BaseCourse

Course

FreeCourse

OptionalCourse

. 2.3. -

-, , - - . , , - java.lang,

Number Comparable, -

-. - null.

-, . - Value()

. Character Number, -

, - . Character -

. Character,

, String.

/* # 3 : : CastTypes.java */ package chapt02;

public class CastTypes {


Float f1 = new Float(10.71); // double Float

String s1 = Float.toString(0f); // float String

String s2 = String.valueOf(f1); // Float String

Byte b = Byte.valueOf("120"); // String Byte

Float

Number

+ byteValue() : byte + doubleValue() : double + floatValue() : float + intValue() : int + longValue() : long

+ shortValue() : short

interface Comparable

Integer Byte Double Long Short

Character

Void

Boolean

+ booleanValue() : boolean + equals(Object) : boolean + getBoolean(String) : boolean + compareTo(Boolean) : int + parseBoolean(String) : boolean + valueOf() : Boolean

double d = b.doubleValue(); // Byte double

byte b0=(byte)(float)f1;// Float byte //b2 = (byte)f1; // !!! /*f1 , */ short s = (short) d; // double short

/* Character int */ Character ch = new Character('3');

int i = Character.digit(ch.charValue(), 10);

System.out.printf("f1=%1.2e s1=%s s2=%s%n", f1, s1, s2);

System.out.printf("b=%o d=%.1f b0=%d s=%d i=%d",

b, d , b0, s , i);

}

}

:

f1=1.07e+01 s1=0.0 s2=10.71

b=170 d=120,0 b0=10 s=120 i=3

valueOf(String str) -, -

, , , - .

Java java.math.BigInteger java.math.BigDecimal, - .

Java String.

String "+"

. '\0', ASCII-, .

5.0 (). - new. :

Integer iob = 71;

- . , intValue(), doubleValue()

. , -

, / :

// # 4 : autoboxing & unboxing: NewProperties.java package chapt02;

public class NewProperties {


Integer j = 71; // +

Integer k = ++j; //++ int i = 2;

k = i + j + k;

}

}

NullPointerException

null Integer:

Integer j = null; // !

int i = j; //

, -, .

int i = 128;// 127 !!!

Integer oa = i; // + Integer ob = i;

System.out.println("oa==i " + (oa == i));// true

System.out.println("ob==i " + (ob == i));// true

System.out.println("oa==ob " + (oa == ob));// false( ) System.out.println("equals ->" + oa.equals(i)

+ ob.equals(i)

+ oa.equals(ob));// true

equals() , -

, . oa.equals(ob)

true.

equals().

:

boolean b = i.equals(oa);//

- - ,

Float f = 7;// (float)7 7F 7

. , ,

, Number, :

Number n1 = 1;

Number n2 = 7.1;

Number array[] = {71, 7.1, 7L};

.

, - - .

if :

if (boolexp) { /**/} //1

else { /**/ } //2

boolexp true,

1, 2. else -

, if ( 2),

if.

- if {} else if {}.

C++ switch:

switch(exp) {

case exp1:{/**/} break;

case expN:{/**/} break;

default: {/**/} }

exp==exp1

, break, exp1,,

expN int, byte, short,

char enum.

, . if ,

, else -

. switch

case ( -

),

default.

Java , - ++:

while (boolexp) { /**/ } //

do { /**/ } while (boolexp); //

for(exp1; boolexp; exp3){ /**/ } //

exp1 , boolexp -

, exp3 , ( -

, ). ,

boolexp true.

:

- , for while ,

do/while .

- for -

. while -

, - , , . -

while(true).

- for .

- , .

- .

- . .

- . 5.0 , -

:

for( : ){ /**/ }

- .

int[] array = {1, 3, 5};

for(int i : array) //

System.out.printf("%d ", i);//

. , -

Iterable Iterator.

Java break

continue, -

, :

int j = -3;

OUT: while(true) {

for(;;)

while (j < 10) {

if (j == 0)

break OUT;

else {

j++;

System.out.printf("%d ", j);

}

}

}

System.out.print("end");

break , OUT.

goto .

, . . . Java , new . -

, , null -

.

, : int a[].

int[] a.

/* # 5 : : ArrRef.java */ package chapt02;

public class ArrRef {


int myRef[], my;//

float[] myRefFloat, myFloat; // !

// int myDyn[] = new int[10];

/* */ int myInt[] = {5, 7, 9, -5, 6, -2};//6

byte myByte[] = {1, 3, 5};//3

/* Object */ Object myObj = new float[5];

// myRef = myDyn;

myDyn = myInt;

myRefFloat = (float[])myObj;

myObj = myByte;//

myRefFloat = (float[])myObj;//

// () // myInt = myByte;

//myInt = (int[])myByte; }

}

Object

. - , -. , - . .

myDyn=myInt , -

myDyn

myInt, .

, - . -

length.

Java , . , :

int arr[][] = { { 1 },

{ 2, 3 },

{ 4, 5, 6 },

{ 7, 8, 9, 0 }

};

, arr[2][0]

, 4.

() .

. 2.4.

/* # 6 : : Matrix.java */ package chapt02;

public class Matrix {

private int[][] a;

public Matrix(int n, int m) {

// a = new int[n][m];

}

public int getVerticalSize() {

return a.length;

}

public int getHorizontalSize() {

return a[0].length;

}

public int getElement(int i, int j) {

return a[i][j];

}

public void setElement(int i, int j, int value) {

a[i][j] = value;

}

public String toString() {

String s = "\nMatrix : " + a.length +

"x" + a[0].length + "\n";

for (int[] vector : a) {

for (int value : vector)

s+= value+" ";

s += "\n";

}

Matrix

- a: int[][]

+ Matrix(int, int) + getHorizontalSize() : int + getVerticalSize() : int + getElement(int, int) : int

+ setElement(int, int, int) : void + toString() : String

MatrixFactory

+ createRandomized(int, int) : Matrix

Multiplicator

+ multiply(Matrix, Matrix) : void

return s;

}

}

/* # 7 : - : MatrixFactory.java */ package chapt02;

public class MatrixFactory {

public static Matrix createRandomized(int n, int m) {

Matrix matrix = new Matrix(n, m);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < m; j++) {

matrix.setElement(i, j, (int)(Math.random()*m*m));

}

}

return matrix;

}

}

/* # 8 : : Multiplicator.java */ package chapt02;

public class Multiplicator {

public static Matrix multiply(Matrix p, Matrix q)

throws MultipleException {

int v = p.getVerticalSize(); int h = q.getHorizontalSize();

int temp = p.getHorizontalSize();

// if (temp != q.getVerticalSize())

throw new MultipleException();

// Matrix result = new Matrix(v, h);

// for (int i = 0; i < v; i++)

for (int j = 0; j < h; j++) {

int value = 0;

for (int k = 0; k < temp; k++) {

value += p.getElement(i, k) * q.getElement(k, j);

}

result.setElement(i, j, value);

}

return result;

}

}

/* # 9 : : MultipleException.java */ package chapt02;

public class MultipleException extends Exception {}

/* # 10 : , : Runner.java */ package chapt02;



int n = 2, m = 3, l = 4;

Matrix p = MatrixFactory.createRandomized(n, m);

Matrix q = MatrixFactory.createRandomized(m, l);

System.out.println("Matrix first is: " + p);

System.out.println("Matrix second is: " + q);

try {

Matrix result = Multiplicator.multiply(p, q);

System.out.println("Matrix product is: "

+ result);

} catch (MultipleException e){

System.err.println("Matrices could"

+ " not be multiplied: ");

}

}

}

random(), :

Matrix first is:

Matrix : 2x3

6 4 2

0 8 4

Matrix second is:

Matrix : 3x4

8 0 2 7

6 1 0 0

1 2 4 5

Matrix product is:

Matrix : 2x4

74 8 20 52

52 16 16 20

. , -

null.

-.

th

java.lang.Math -

, E PI.

( -

Math ). -

, ,

floor(), ceil(), rint(), round(), max(), min(),

, , ..

, random() Math.

/* # 11 : Math: MathMethods.java */ package chapt02;

public class MathMethods {


final int MAX_VALUE = 10;

double d;

d = Math.random() * MAX_VALUE;

System.out.println("d = " + d);

System.out.println(" ="

+ Math.round(d));

System.out.println(" , "

+ " = ="

+ Math.ceil(d));


+ " =" + Math.rint(d));

}

}

:

d = 0.08439575016076173

=0

, = =1.0

=0.0

java.lang. -

java.lang.System,

. .

, System.in, System.out System.err,

/ , :

void gc() ;

void exit(int status) java-

(JVM);

void setIn(InputStream in), void setOut(PrintStream out),

void setErr(PrintStream err)

/;

Properties getProperties() ;

String getProperty(String key) -

;

void setSecurityManager(SecurityManager s), SecurityMan-

ager getSecurityManager() -

;

void load(String filename) ;

void loadLibrary(String libname) ;

void arrayCopy()

.

java.lang.Runtime. Runtime

getRuntime(), Runtime, -

. exit(int status) halt(int status). -

: gc(),

runFinalization() . -

totalMemory() freeMemory().

/* # 12 : : RuntimeDemo.java*/ package chapt02;

public class RuntimeDemo {


Runtime rt = Runtime.getRuntime();

System.out.println(" : "

+ rt.totalMemory());


+ rt.freeMemory());

double d[] = new double[10000];

System.out.println(" " +

" : " + rt.freeMemory());

// ProcessBuilder pb =

new ProcessBuilder("mspaint","c:\\temp\\cow.gif");

try {

pb.start(); // mspaint.exe } catch (java.io.IOException e) {

System.err.println(e.getMessage());

}


+ " mspaint.exe: " + rt.freeMemory());


+ pb.command());

}

}

, ,

:

: 2031616

: 1903632

: 1823336

mspaint.exe: 1819680

: [mspaint, c:\temp\cow.gif]

java.lang.ProcessBuilder, -

start(),

. - - .

arraycopy() System,

, .

/* # 13 : : ArrayCopyDemo.java */ package chapt02;

public class ArrayCopyDemo {


int mas1[] = { 1, 2, 3 },

mas2[] = { 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };

show("mas1[]: ", mas1);


// mas1[] mas2[] System.arraycopy(mas1, 0, mas2, 2, 3);

/*

0 mas1[] , 2 , , 3 */ System.out.printf("%n arraycopy(): ");



}

private static void show(String s, int[] mas) {

System.out.printf("%n%s", s);

for (int i : mas) System.out.printf("%d ", i);

}

}

:

mas1[]: 1 2 3

mas2[]: 4 5 6 7 8 9

arraycopy():

mas1[]: 1 2 3

mas2[]: 4 5 1 2 3 9

2

A

-

, , .

Date.

/** */,

HTML- Web-

.

1. n ,

. .

2. n .

() .

3. n . , -

() , .

4. n . ,

. ,

.

5. n . ,

,

.

6. n . , -

. ,

.

7. n . ,

. , .

8. n . , ,

-. , -

.

9. 18,

.

10. switch, ,

k -

(-10k, 0], (0, 5], (5, 10], (10, 10k].

11. switch, ,

k

(-10k, 5], [0, 10], [5, 15], [10, 10k].

12. , 1 25

5x5 .

13. , -

. -

.

14. 1 12. , -

. (

).

n a[n][n]. -

-n n .

1. () -

k- ().

2. k

(, , ). 3. () -

, .

4. ,

.

5. .

6. .

7. 90 (180, 270) .

8. .

9. ,

.

10. ()

, .

11. , , .

12. -

.

13. , , -

, .

14. .

15. . (

i,j, i,j i-

j- ).

16. , , -

.

17. . (

, . ,

.)

18. . (

, .)

19. , ,

. ( - ).

20. - , -

, (2,2), - (3,3) . .,

.

2

2.1. ?

1) float f = 7.0;

2) char c = "z";

3) byte b = 255;

4) boolean n = null;

5) int i = 32565;

6) int j = .

2.2. ?

1) if (i

3) a3;

4) a4;

5) a5.

3

, , .

Java, -, , . . - , , , .

. , , - .

. / , .

:

class {

{}//

//

private//

protected//

public// }

. :

c ;

Java , - static

() , , . - public, private, protected .

, - . , - , .

final . -

final , ,

. -

, - :

/* # 1 : : Second.java */ package chapt03;

import java.util.*;

class Second {

private int x; //

private int y = 71; //

public final int CURRENT_YEAR = 2007; //

protected static int bonus; //

static String version = "Java SE 6"; // protected Calendar now;

public int method(int z) { // z++;

int a; //

//a++; // ,

a = 4; // a++;

now = Calendar.getInstance();// return a + x + y + z;

}

}

, - , ( String).

, new.

Java , . - Java :

, ;

private ;

protected ,

, ;

public

.

( ), public, -

. , private,

. , . . , , - , , protected. -

, . public

(enclosing) . , .

, . , ; , - new .

, . Java , -

( ). - finalize(). Java

, , .

/* # 2 : : Quest.java */ package chapt03;

public class Quest {

private int id;

private String text;

// ( ) public Quest() {

super();/* , */

}

// public Quest(int idc, String txt) {

super();/*

, */ id = idc;

text = txt;

}

}

Quest ,

:

Quest a = new Quest();// Quest b = new Quest(71, " boolean?");

new , -

, . , Java

,

, : 0, false, null.

, - . . . - , :

super();

Point c (),

.

/* # 3 : : Point.java: LocateLogic.java: Runner.java */ package chapt03;

public class Point {

/* */ private final double x;

private final double y;

public Point(final double xx, final double yy) {

super();

x = xx;

y = yy;

}

public double getX() {

return x;

}

public double getY() {

return y;

}

}

package chapt03;

public class LocateLogic {

public double calculateDistance(

Point t1, Point t2) {

/* */ double dx = t1.getX() - t2.getX();

double dy = t1.getY() - t2.getY();

return Math.hypot(dx, dy);

}

}

package chapt03;



// Point t1 = new Point(5, 10);

Point t2 = new Point(2, 6);

System.out.print(" : "

+ new LocateLogic().calculateDistance(t1, t2));

}

}

:

: 5.0

public,

.

private , -

. protected

.

- . .

Java -. :

returnType methodName(_) {

//

return value; // (returnType void) }

, return -

, void.

void , .

( ):

objectName.methodName();

- -

new.

, .

( void) .

, , .

[] [static] [abstract] [final] [native]

[synchronized] returnType methodName(_)

[throws _]

,

public, private, protected .

.

-, , .

, static,

. , . - , - static. ,

this ,

. , . this

, - , .

// # 4 : : Mark.java package chapt03;

public class Mark {

private int mark = 3;

public static int coeff = 5;

public double getResult() {

return (double)coeff*mark/100;

}

public static void setCoeffFloat(float c) {

coeff = (int)coeff*c;;

}

public void setMark(int mark) {

this.mark = mark;

}

// /*public static int getResult() {

setMark(5);// return coeff*mark/100;// }*/

}

Mark ob1 = new Mark();

Mark ob2 = new Mark();

ob1.coeff ob2.coeff 5,

. :

Mark.coeff = 7;

: ClassName.methodName(), :

Mark.setCoeffFloat();

float z = Math.max(x, y); //

System.exit(1); //

, , .

-, , .

final

final - , . , final, , .

:

/* # 5 : final- : Rector.java: ProRector.java */ package chapt03;

public class Rector {

// final int ID = (int)(Math.random()*10);

// final String NAME_RECTOR;

public Rector() {

// NAME_RECTOR = "";// !!! }

// {NAME_RECTOR = "";} // !!!

public final void jobRector() {

// // ID = 100; //! }

public boolean checkRights(final int num) {

// id = 1; //! final int CODE = 72173394;

if (CODE == num) return true;

else return false;

}


System.out.println(new Rector().ID);

}

}

package chapt03;

public class ProRector extends Rector {

// public void jobRector(){} //! }

, -.

, {}, , -

. - . . .

, .

/* # 6 : : AbstractCourse.java */ public abstract class AbstractCourse {

private String name;

public AbstractCourse() { }

public abstract void changeTeacher(int id);/*

*/ public setName(String n){

name = n;

}

}

, -, , .

- . . .

native

Java , ++.

native, -

, . :

public native int loadCripto(int num);

, native,

.

synchronized

, .

synchronized, ,

.

notifyAll(), notify() wait() Object

( Java) -

synchronized, -

.

. - , - , :

{ /* */ }

static { /* */ }

-, . , -, -, . -

this, -

.

static.

- () .

/* # 7 : : Department.java: DemoLogic.java */ package chapt03;

public class Department {

{

System.out.println("logic (1) id=" + this.id);

}

static {

System.out.println("static logic");

}

private int id = 7;

public Department(int d) {

id = d;

System.out.println(" id=" + id);

}

int getId() {

return id;

}

{

id = 10;

System.out.println("logic (2) id=" + id);

}

}

package chapt03;

public class DemoLogic {


Department obj = new Department(71);

System.out.println(" id=" + obj.getId());

}

}

:

static logic

logic (1) id=0

logic (2) id=10

id=71

id=71

id , - , -. id, 10, -

, -.

, , . - . . - , - . , - .

.

, - .

/* # 8 : : NumberInfo.java */ package chapt04;

public class NumberInfo {

public static void viewNum(Integer i) {//1 System.out.printf("Integer=%d%n", i);

}

public static void viewNum(int i) {//2 System.out.printf("int=%d%n", i);

}

public static void viewNum(Float f) {//3 System.out.printf("Float=%.4f%n", f);

}

public static void viewNum(Number n) {//4 System.out.println("Number=" + n);

}


Number[] num =

{new Integer(7), 71, 3.14f, 7.2 };

for (Number n : num)

viewNum(n);

viewNum(new Integer(8));

viewNum(81);

viewNum(4.14f);

viewNum(8.2);

}

}

, , -:

Number=7

Number=71

Number=3.14

Number=7.2

Integer=8

int=81

Float=4,1400

Number=8.2

. , - num.

, ( ), , - .

- .

, , -, , .

:

;

;

.

J2SE 5 - (generic) , , - . generic- - . , , - .

generic- :

/* # 9 : : Subject.java */ package chapt03;

public class Subject {

private T1 name;

private T2 id;

public Subject() {

}

public Subject(T2 ids, T1 names) {

id = ids;

name = names;

}

}

T1, 2 , -

. - . .

Subject , , :

Subject sub =

new Subject();

char ch[] = {'J','a','v','a'};

Subject sub2 =

new Subject(ch, 71D );

sub2 71D Double.

.

Optional -

, .

/* # 10 : : Optional.java: Runner.java */ package chapt03;

public class Optional {

private T value;

public Optional() {

}

public Optional(T value) {

this.value = value;

}

public T getValue() {

return value;

}

public void setValue(T val) {

value = val;

}

public String toString() {

if (value == null) return null;

return value.getClass().getName() + " " + value;

}

}

package chapt03;



// Integer Optional ob1 =

new Optional();

ob1.setValue(1);

//ob1.setValue("2");// : int v1 = ob1.getValue();

System.out.println(v1);

// String Optional ob2 =

new Optional("Java");

String v2 = ob2.getValue();

System.out.println(v2);

//ob1 = ob2; //

// Object Optional ob3 = new Optional();

System.out.println(ob3.getValue());

ob3.setValue("Java SE 6");

System.out.println(ob3.toString());/*

, */

ob3.setValue(71);

System.out.println(ob3.toString());

ob3.setValue(null);

}

}

:

1

Java

null

java.lang.String Java SE 6

java.lang.Integer 71

Optional: ob1

Integer ob2 String -

. generic- -

Object,

, ob3. -

, .

generic- , -

, - .

Object. , -

. ,

:

public class OptionalExt {

private T value;

}

, -

, () T, -

(bound) .

, - .

?. extends -

.

/* # 11 : : Mark.java, Runner.java */ package chapt03;

public class Mark {

public T mark;

public Mark(T value) {

mark = value;

}

public T getMark() {

return mark;

}

public int roundMark() {

return Math.round(mark.floatValue());

}

/* */ // public boolean sameAny(Mark ob) { public boolean sameAny(Mark ob) {

return roundMark() == ob.roundMark();

}

public boolean same(Mark ob) {

return getMark() == ob.getMark();

}

}

package chapt03;



// Mark ms = new Mark(7); //

Mark md = new Mark(71.4D);//71.5d

System.out.println(md.sameAny(md));

Mark mi = new Mark(71);

System.out.println(md.sameAny(mi));

// md.same(mi); // System.out.println(md.roundMark());

}

}

:

true

true

71

sameAny(Mark ob) Mark,

,

Mark

, .

generic- . , -

generic-:

class Optional {

T value = new T();

}

, -

. generic- , -

generic- generic-,

:

/* # 12 : :

Failed.java */ package chapt03;

class Failed {

static T1 value;

T2 id;

static T1 getValue() {

return value;

}

static void use() {

System.out.print(id);

}

}

(generic) , - , - , , , :

returnType methodName(T arg) {}

returnType methodName(T arg) {}

. - , , - , extends.

. Generic- ,

. - . generic-.

/* # 13 : : GenericMethod.java */ public class GenericMethod {

public static byte asByte(T num) {

long n = num.longValue();

if (n >= -128 && n

public static void main(String args[]) {

System.out.println("N=" + getArgCount(7, 71, 555));

Integer[] i = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 };

System.out.println("N=" + getArgCount(i));

System.out.println(getArgCount());

}

}

:

arg:7 arg:71 arg:555 N=3

arg:1 arg:2 arg:3 arg:4 arg:5 arg:6 arg:7 N=7

No arg=0

. getArgCount()

. . . - .

, :

void methodName([]... args){}

:

void methodName(Integer...args) {}

void methodName(int x1, int x2) {}

void methodName(String...args) {}

- . Object... args , :

/* # 15 : : DemoOverload.java */ package chapt03;

public class DemoOverload {

public static void printArgCount(Object... args) {//1

System.out.println("Object args: " + args.length);

}

public static void printArgCount(Integer[]...args){//2

System.out.println("Integer[] args: " + args.length);

}

public static void printArgCount(int... args) {//3

System.out.print("int args: " + +args.length);

}


Integer[] i = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

printArgCount(7, "No", true, null);

printArgCount(i, i, i);

printArgCount(i, 4, 71);

printArgCount(i);// 1

printArgCount(5, 7);

// printArgCount();//! }

}

:

Object args: 4

Integer[] args: 3

Object args: 3

Object args: 5

int args: 2

printArgCount() i -

Object... args,

-

. Integer[]...args , -

Object[]...args. -

Integer[]...args

Object...args.

- - .

. ,

...args , :

void methodName(1 obj, 2... args) {}

(typesafe enums) Java java.lang.Enum.

new.

. -

:

/* # 16 : : SimpleUseEnum.java */ package chapt02;

enum Faculty {

MMF, FPMI, GEO

}

public class SimpleUseEnum {


Faculty current;

current = Faculty.GEO;

switch (current) {

case GEO:

System.out.print(current);

break;

case MMF:

System.out.print(current);

break;

// case LAW : System.out.print(current);// ! default:

System.out.print(" case: " + current);

}

}

}

case -

, switch.

Enum , -

, . enum -

:

static enumType[] values() ,

;

static T valueOf(Class enumType, String arg) -

, ;

static enumType valueOf(String arg) -

, ;

int ordinal() .

/* # 17 : : Shape.java */ package chapt02;

enum Shape {

RECTANGLE, TRIANGLE, CIRCLE;

public double square(double x, double y) {

switch (this) {

case RECTANGLE:

return x * y;

case TRIANGLE:

return x * y / 2;

case CIRCLE:

return Math.pow(x, 2) * Math.PI;

}

throw new EnumConstantNotPresentException(

this.getDeclaringClass(),this.name());

}

}

/* # 18 : : Runner.java */ package chapt02;



double x = 2, y = 3;

Shape[] arr = Shape.values();

for (Shape sh : arr)

System.out.printf("%10s = %5.2f%n",

sh, sh.square(x, y));

}

}

:

RECTANGLE = 6,00

TRIANGLE = 3,00

CIRCLE = 12,57

, square(). throw , -

. - . case.

/* # 19 : : DeanDemo.java */ package chapt02;

enum Dean {

MMF(""), FPMI(""), GEO("");

String name;

Dean(String arg) {

name = arg;

}

String getName() {

return name;

}

}

package chapt02;

public class DeanDemo {


Dean dn = Dean.valueOf("FPMI");

System.out.print(dn.ordinal());

System.out.println(" : " + dn + " : " + dn.getName());

}

}

:

1 : FPMI :

. :

; ; ; , new.

-, - , , , , , -

. , ,

.

, - .

.

/* # 20 : : RequestForCustomer.java */ package chapt03;

public @interface RequestForCustomer {

int level();

String description();

String date();

}

interface @. -

. -

: int level(), String description(), String date().

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, throws .

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hashCode(), equals() toString(), Object.

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, RequestForCustomer

:

@RequestForCustomer (

level = 2,

description = "Enable time",

date = "10/10/2007"

)

public void customerThroughTime() {

//... }

customerThroughTime().

, @,

-. - -, .

, "Enable time" -

description(), RequestForCustomer.

description . -

, . , - .

/* # 21 : : Request.java */ package chapt03;

import java.lang.reflect.Method;

public class Request {

@RequestForCustomer(level = 2,

description = "Enable time",

date = "10/10/2007")

public void customerThroughTime() {

try {

Class c = this.getClass();

Method m = c.getMethod("customerThroughTime");

RequestForCustomer ann =

m.getAnnotation(RequestForCustomer.class);

// System.out.println(ann.level() + " "

+ ann.description() + " "

+ ann.date());

} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {

System.out.println(" ");

}

}


Request ob = new Request();

ob.customerThroughTime();

}

}

:

2 Enable time 10/10/2007

, -

RUNTIME

import java.lang.annotation.Retention;

import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //

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SOURCE -

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value().

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java.lang.annotation. @Override,

@Deprecated @Suppresswarnings java.lang.

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2. Customer: id, , , , ,

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12. Airlines: , , , , . . : a) ; b) ; c) , .

3

3.1.

-?

1) private;

2) final;

3) native;

4) abstract;

5) protected.

3.2.

Quest3, -

"".


Quest3 (int i){ System.out.print(""); }

public static void main(String[] args){

Quest3 s= new Quest3();

//1

}

public Quest3() {

//2

}

{

//3

} }

1) //1 Quest3(1);

2) //2 Quest3(1);

3) //3 new Quest3(1);

4) //3 Quest3(1).

3.3.

?

1) nonstatic- ; 2) static- ;

3) private- ; 4) final- .

3.4.

:


{System.out.print("1");}

static{System.out.print("2");}

Quest5(){System.out.print("3");}


System.out.print("4");

} }

:

1) 1234;

2) 4; 3) 34;

4) 24;

5) 14.

4

, (-) () , .

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.

typeEmployee() -

Employee Manager. -

, .

/* # 1 : : Employee.java: Manager.java: Runner.java */ package chapt04;

public class Employee {// private int id;

public Employee(int idc) {

super();/* ,

*/ id = idc;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void typeEmployee() {

// ... System.out.println("");

}

}

package chapt04;

// ,

public class Manager extends Employee {

private int idProject;

public Manager(int idc, int idp) {

super(idc); /*

*/ idProject = idp;

}

public int getIdProject() {

return idProject;

}

public void typeEmployee() {

// ... System.out.println("");

}

}

package chapt04;



Employee b1 = new Employee(7110);

Employee b2 = new Manager(9251, 31);

b1.typeEmployee();// Employee

b2.typeEmployee();// Manager

// b2.getIdProject();// !!! ((Manager) b2).getIdProject();

Manager b3 = new Manager(9711, 35);

System.out.println(b3.getIdProject());// 35

System.out.println(b3.getId());// 9711

}

}

b1 Employee, ,

, typeEmployee()

Employee. b2 Employee -

Manager.

, . (, , )

, .

, - , .

this,

super. -

:

/* # 2 : -: Course.java: BaseCourse.java: Logic.java */ package chapt04;

public class Course {

public int id = 71;

public Course() {

System.out.println(" Course");

id = getId();//!!!

System.out.println(" id=" + id);

}

public int getId() {

System.out.println("getId() Course");

return id;

}

}

package chapt04;

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Java.Промышленное программирование