2017年1月12日

国立研究開発法人 宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)

第一宇宙技術部門 PRISM全球DSM推進チーム

○田殿武雄, 石田治行, 織田史子, 内藤詩乃, 皆川健太, 岩本裕之,永井裕人, 税所大輔, 柁原ちひろ, 島田公美

JAXAにおける衛星3D地図の取組み

AW3Dユーザカンファレンス, RESTEC本社, 東京

JAXA’s “ALOS World 3D” (AW3D)

In order to popularize the utilization of the 3D map data, JAXA is

releasing 1 arcsec spacing (30 m-mesh) global DSM (AW3D30) free

of charge for any users including commercial purposes since May

2015. Now global AW3D30 ver. 1 is available since May 2016.

AW3D30 DSM is translated from 5 m-mesh AW3D DSM dataset,

therefore it still have good enough height accuracy as expected. This

study describes a preliminary validation result of the AW3D30 DSM.

We expect that the 3D map will contribute to the expansion of satellite

data utilizations and the industrial promotion, science and research

activities as well as the Group on Earth Observations (GEO).

Related links

JAXA AW3D: http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d/index_e.htm

AW3D30: http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/index.htm

A global digital 3D map using some 3 million scenes images acquired by the

Panchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping (PRISM)

onboard the Advanced Land Observing Satellite “DAICHI” (ALOS) has been

completed on March 2016 by Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)

collaborated with NTT DATA Corporation and Remote Sensing Technology

Center of Japan (RESTEC). The project names “ALOS World 3D” (AW3D).

The 3D map consists of a global digital surface model (DSM) with 0.15 arcsec

pixel spacing (approx. 5 m) and ortho-rectified PRISM image (ORI) with 2.5 m

resolution that enables us to express land terrain all over the world. Its data

distribution is in commercial bases. Currently, NTT DATA (collaborated with

RESTEC) has a permission to distribute it.

This opportunity is opened to other commercial companies under the contract

conditions.

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事業の目的陸域観測技術衛星「だいち」(ALOS) PRISM全球アーカイブデータを用いて，

1. 世界最高レベル(精度と分解能)の全球数値標高データ(DSM)を整備2. これを基盤データとして地理空間サービスのソリューション事業を展開3. 重点課題である「産業振興」と安全保障・防災を含む「利用拡大」に貢献

これを官民連携で進める．

全球高精度DSMを活用した地理空間サービスの展開

H25年度

(2013)

H26年度

(2014)

H27年度

(2015)

H28年度

(2016)

H29年度

(2017)

全球DSM処理・整備

利用実証

自立利用実証

産業振興

全球数値標高データのベンチマーク

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既存及び計画中の全球数値標高データベンチマーク

機関名 プロダクト名 衛星センサ 観測年 リリース 解像度 高さ精度(1σ)

価格 価格, 備考

米国NASA SRTM-3(DTM)

STS-99 2000 2006 90m 16m 無償 緯度±60度以内

米国NASA/日本JSS(ERSDAC)

GDEM v2(DSM)

TERRA ASTER

1999-2011 2011(Ver.2)

30m 10m 無償(科学目的)

解像度の実力はSRTM

相当

仏Spot image社, Astorium

Elevation30(DSM)

SPOT-5HRS

2002-2014 商用 30m 7m 987円/km2 全球陸域に換算すると220億円

独DLR, Astorium WorldDEM(DSM)

TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X

2010-2013 2014予定

12m 7m 未定 商用販売部分的に無償公開予定

日本PASCO,RESTEC

シーン単位DSM*

PRISM 2006-2011 商用 10m 5m 245円/km2 (1シーン30万円)

日本JAXA/NTTデータ/RESTEC(今回整備)

JAXA’s ALOS World 3D “AW3D” (DSM)

PRISM 2006-2011 2014 5m30m

5m5m

200円/km2

無償整備済みエリアから提供開始

参考)国土地理院

数値地図標高(DTM)

等高線等高線航空機LiDAR

20012008(最新)2010(最新)

50m10m5m

10m 22,500円7,500円

112,500円

日本全国国内の25火山国内の15都市

> 高解像度，低解像度ともに世界最高レベルが狙える

2014年9月27日：米国ホワイトハウス/NGAがSRTM 30m版の全球整備・公開を発表

2013年11月現在

Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS, “DAICHI”)

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PRISM can acquire triplet stereo

imageries by nadir-, forward-, and

backward-radiometers with 2.5 m

spatial resolution in 35 km swath.

PRISM

PALSAR

AVNIR-2

Operation

24 Jan. 2006 by H-2A Rocket #8

12 May 2011 Mission ended

~22 Apr. 2011: Low Load Mode (LLM)

> 1,934 days=5.3 years > 12 mil. scenes

Objectives

Cartography (1/25,000 scale)

Regional environmental monitoring

Disaster monitoring, etc.

PRISMPanchromatic Remote sensing Instrument for Stereo Mapping

AVNIR-2Advanced Visible and Near-Infrared Radiometer type 2

PALSARPhased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

AVNIR-2 can observe with 10 m

resolution in 70 km swath, and it

can be changed the observation

area by pointing capability within

+/-44 deg. in across track.

PALSAR can acquire the data

in not only daytime but also

nighttime as well as cloudy

and rainy whether conditions.

PRISM Data Acquisition Result

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Global archive of PRISM stereo scenes (35km x 35km)

– Over 1 million stereo or triplet sets with cloud level < 30 % / scene in global

– There are still remaining cloud covered areas

Distribution of PRISM stereo scene archives (cloud level < 30%)

No. of scene stacks

211 11

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The browse image of AW3D global DSM ver. 1 (as of March 2016).©JAXA, NTT DATA, RESTEC

AW3D DSM Ver.1 Browse

Global 3-D base map• 5 m-mesh DSM & 2.5 m-mesh ORI: Commercial bases

• 30 m-mesh DSM: Freely available via. Webhttp://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/index.htm

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Coverage rate of valid data in each tile.(Valid / (Valid + Cloud and Snow) x 100)

Rate of coverage [%]

0 50 100

Total rate of valid data in all processed land areas is 91.58 %.> AW3D could be said as “Global Dataset”

AW3D DSM Global Assessment

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AW3D DSM Global Assessment

Stack average of valid data in each tile. Stack average

1 11 21

Total stack average number of valid data is 4.62 times.> AW3D provides averaged height from 2006 to 2011 (LST file available)

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AW3D DSM Global Assessment

Mean error [m]

-10 0 +10

90% of the tiles have mean errors within +/-3.1 m Max / Min of mean errors: 14.4 m / -8.7 m

Mean error from ICESat points in each tile.

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AW3D DSM Global Assessment

Error standard deviation from ICESat points in each tile. Std. dev. [m]

0 10 20

90% of the tiles have height error std. dev. within 5.3 m. The std. dev. seem to be strongly correlated with vegetation.

> Ver. 2 processing started: Sensor re-calibration, initial bias correction

Resampling Average(AVE)

Median(MED)

Nearest Neighbor (NN)*

Method Averaging 49 pixels except masked out values (-9999)

Select median (No.25) value in 49 pixels

Select nearest geolocation value

Merits Reduce mask and noises Keep original textures Same with original AW3D value

Demerits Reduce spatial resolution Not much change number of masked pixels

No change of masked area and noises

How to Calculate “AW3D30” from “AW3D”

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AW3D 0.15 arcsec

(~5m)

Ellipsoid height

* Not released yet

AW3D30 1 arcsec(~30m)

Altitude

http://www.eorc.jaxa.jp/ALOS/en/aw3d30/index.htm

“AW3D” and “AW3D30”

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AW3D30_Ave (30m)

AW3D (5m)

Pansharpened image by PRISM and AVNIR-2 in San Diego, US (Feb. 7, 2011)

Reference) SRTM-1 (30m)

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Initial Val Summary of AW3D30 Ave DSM

Histogram of height error evaluated by 5,121 CPs

Stats of height validation with 5,121 CPs in 127 tiles

Dataset Ave[m]

STDEV [m]

RMSE [m]

AW3D30_Ave -0.44 4.38 4.40

SRTM v.3* -1.00 7.43 7.50

* reference

Conclusions - The height accuracy achieved 4.40 m (RMSE)- The remaining clouds are issues

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The browse image of AW3D30 global DSM ver. 1.1 (as of January 2017).©JAXA

AW3D30 DSM Ver.1.1 Browse

A weak point of AW3D and 30 is remaining clouds as “void pixel”. SRTM-1 was used to complement them within +/- 60 deg. latitude area. This will be released by March 2017 as the AW3D30 Ver.1.1.

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JAXAにおける衛星3D地図に関する取組みとして，

AW3D：ALOS/PRISMによる全球デジタル3D地図整備プロジェクトの概要，経緯，Version 1データセットの評価結果の概要などを紹介．

データセットの強み：全球を均質かつ高精度でカバー．比較的安価 データセットの弱み：PRISMアーカイブだけでは取りきれない雲域(おそらく雪氷域)

全球整備で明らかになった技術的課題：今年度Version 2として整備中

AW3D30：無償で利用できる標高データセット．

AW3D 5mメッシュDSMから作成しており，よい高さ精度を保持 既存DEM(SRTM-1)を用いて雲域補完：Version 1.1としてリリース予定

ユーザ向けアンケートを実施中：利用成果や事例をご紹介頂きたい．忌憚のないご意見と多少の励ましが頂ければ．

今後：衛星による地理空間情報・3D地図事業は継続

衛星技術の「社会インフラ化」を目指し，ソリューションビジネスをエンカレッジ 官民連携：民間の得意なところは事業者，JAXAが得意なところはJAXA

ユーザや民間の前向きかつ具体的なご意見を聞かせて頂きたい

最後に：本事業の推進においては利用者の皆様はもとより，(株)NTTデータおよび(一財)リモート・センシング技術センター(RESTEC)の関係各位には謝意を表します．

まとめ