JEE 11th CHEMISTRY

JEE 11th CHEMISTRY

(Batch-1)

Organic Chemistry-

Some Basic Principles

and Techniques

Today’s TopicClassification of organic

compounds

Introduction to Organic Compounds

Classification of Organic Compounds

Acyclic or Open chain compounds

Alicyclic or Closed chain or Ring compounds

The Shapes of Carbon Compounds

Some Characteristic Features of π Bonds

Complete, Condensed and Bond-line Structural Formulas

Three-dimensional Representation of Organic Molecules

Functional Group

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

Today

08

09

Nomenclature of Organic compounds

IUPAC system of nomenclature

IUPAC nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes

10

Today

11

12

RECALL

Which of the following is an organic compound?

C. Acetic acid

A. Limestone B. Nitric acid

D. Sodium chloride

CTQ- Concept tester question

Which of the following is an organic compound?

C. Acetic acid

A. Limestone B. Nitric acid

D. Sodium chloride


Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group :

C. Ketone


A. Carboxylic Acid B. Aldehyde

D. Alcohol

Butanone is a four-carbon compound with the functional group :

C. Ketone

A. Carboxylic Acid B. Aldehyde

D. Alcohol


How many covalent bonds are there in one molecule of ethane, C2H6?

C. 8

A. 6 B. 7

D. 9


How many covalent bonds are there in one molecule of ethane, C2H6?

C. 8

A. 6 B. 7

D. 9


ASSIGNMENT LEADERBOARD

CourseJEE Advanced 2 yr Full Course Batch 1 - Chemistry

(1st Year)Date 1-Oct-2021

Lecture

# Student name Total QuestionsCorrect Question

AttemptsTime Taken (secs)

Time Taken

(min:sec)

1 Yash Nandurkar 16 13 298 04:58

2 Mehak Barapatre 16 11 321 05:21

3 Aditi Avhad 16 9 38 00:38

4 Suyash 16 9 108 01:48

5 Mahek Vadalia 16 9 222 03:42

6 Pratik Pawaskar 16 8 121 02:01

7 Nishant Acharya 16 8 163 02:43

8 Diksha Jadhav 16 7 45 00:45

9 Supriya 16 7 121 02:01

10 shreyas 16 1 8 00:08

11 Sree Durga 16 1 105 01:45

12 Tanisha Sinha 16 1 1132 18:52

13 trupti 16 0 10 00:10

ASSIGNMENT LEADERBOARD

CourseJEE Advanced 2 yr Full Course Batch 1 -

Chemistry (1st Year)Date 3-Oct-2021

Lecture

# Student name Total QuestionsCorrect Question

Attempts

Time Taken

(secs)

Time Taken

(min:sec)

1 raman555 10 7 87 01:27

2 Yash Nandurkar 10 7 149 02:29

3 Jayesh Burde 10 7 158 02:38

4 Tanisha Sinha 10 6 456 07:36

5 Mehak Barapatre 10 5 183 03:03

6 Suyash 10 4 41 00:41

7 kunush bhure 10 4 53 00:53

8 Aditi Avhad 10 2 8 00:08

9 Nishant Acharya 10 2 101 01:41

10 Vaishnavi Malik 10 1 71 01:11

11 Prîyãdâshåñ.V 10 0 18 00:18

Today’s Motivation

Introduction

• The Vital force theory suffered a huge blow in 1828 when Wohler synthesized an

organic compound, urea from an inorganic compound, ammonium cyanate.

Introduction

• In 1845, Kolbe synthesized acetic acid

from its elements in laboratory.

• These synthesis concludes that organic compounds can be synthesized from

inorganic resources in a laboratory.

• Development of electronic theory of covalent bonding guided the organic chemistry

into its modern shape.

Introduction

Modern definition of organic chemistry :

o Since, carbon is an essential constituent of all organic compounds, organic

chemistry is defined as the chemistry of carbon compounds.

o Simplest organic compounds are those which are composed of carbon and

hydrogen only and are called hydrocarbons.


• Organic compounds have been

classified based on (structure) or

functional groups.

• Classification based on the

structure is as follows:


1. Acyclic or open chain compounds: Compounds in which carbon atoms are

linked in such a way, that molecule has an open chain structure. These are also

called aliphatic compounds.

• The chain of carbon atoms may be straight or branched


2. Cyclic or closed chain compounds: Compounds in which carbon atoms are

linked in such a way, that molecule has a closed-chain or cyclic or ring structure.

• Two types:

A. Homocyclic compounds.

B. Heterocyclic compounds.


A. Homocyclic compounds: These are the compounds having a ring or rings of

carbon atoms only in the molecule.

• It is divided into two types further:

i. Alicyclic compounds.

ii. Aromatic compounds.


i. Alicyclic compounds : Compounds which contains rings of three or more carbon

atoms.


ii. Aromatic compounds : These compounds consist of at least one benzene ring,

i.e., a six-membered carbon ring having alternate single and double bonds.

Generally, these compounds have some fragrant odour and hence, named as

aromatic


B. Heterocyclic compounds: Cyclic atoms compounds having ring or rings built up

of more than one kind of atoms. The most common other atoms (hetero-atoms)

besides carbon are O, N and S.

Few examples are:

Which of the following is a saturated aliphatic compound?

C. Thiophene

A. Paraffin B. Benzene

D. Acetylene


C. Thiophene

A. Paraffin B. Benzene

D. Acetylene


Which of the following is a saturated aliphatic compound?

Which of the following compound is alicyclic?

A. cyclohexane B. benzene

C. pyrrole D. hexane

Which of the following compound is alicyclic?

A. cyclohexane B. benzene

C. pyrrole D. hexane

Tetravalence of Carbon: Shapes of organic compounds


sp3 hybridisation


sp2 hybridisation


sp hybridisation

How many sp hybridised carbon are there in the given molecule?

A. 1 B. 2

C. 4 D. 0

How many sp hybridised carbon are there in the given molecule?

A. 1 B. 2

C. 4 D. 0

The number of sigma and pi-bonds in are:

[JEE-1989]

C. 3 sigma & 3 pi

A. 5 sigma & 5 pi B. 7 sigma & 3 pi

D. 6 sigma & 4 pi


The number of sigma and pi-bonds in are:

[JEE-1989]

C. 3 sigma & 3 pi

A. 5 sigma & 5 pi B. 7 sigma & 3 pi

D. 6 sigma & 4 pi


How many atoms are colinear in

C. 3

A. 5 B. 7

D. 4


How many atoms are colinear in

C. 3

A. 5 B. 7

D. 4


Structural Representations of Organic Compounds

Complete, Condensed and Bond Line Structural Formulas :

• Different ways to represent the structure of organic compounds.


• Complete Structural Formulas : A single dash represents a single bond, double

dash is used for double bond and a triple dash represents triple bond.

• Lone pairs of electrons on heteroatoms (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen, Sulphur,

halogens etc.) may or may not be shown.


• Condensed Structural Formulas : Complete structural formulas can be further

abbreviated by removing some or all of the dashes representing covalent bonds and

by indicating the number of identical groups attached to an atom by a subscript

• Such structural representations are called condensed structural formulas.


• Bond line Structural Formulas : In this bond-line structural formulas, carbon and

hydrogen atoms are not shown and the lines representing carbon-carbon bonds are

drawn in a zig-zag fashion.

• The atoms that are specifically written are oxygen, chlorine, nitrogen, etc.

Three-Dimensional Representation of Organic Molecules

Following conventions can be used :

• Solid ( ) and dashed ( ) wedge formula is used to perceive the 3-D

image of a molecule from a two-dimensional picture on paper.

• Solid-wedge is used to indicate a bond projecting out of the plane of paper,

towards the observer.

• Dashed-wedge is used to depict the bond projecting out of the plane of the paper

and away from the observer.

Three-Dimensional Representation of Organic Molecules

• The bonds lying in plane of the paper

are depicted by using a normal line (—).

• 3-D representation of methane molecule

on paper has been shown in the following

figure:

Any

Doubts?

Summary

Summary

Introduction to organic compounds

Vital force theory

Classification of organic comounds

Summary

Teravalency of Carbon and properties of pi-bonds

Structural representation of organic compounds

1. Complete Structural Formulas

2. Condensed Structural Formulas

3. Bond line Structural Formulas

Summary

3-D representation of organic compounds

Types of Carbon:

1. Primary carbon(1°)

2. Secondary carbon(2°)

3. Tertiary carbon(3°)

4. Quaternary carbon(4°)

5. Benzylic carbon

6. Allylic carbon

7. Vinylic carbon

Functional groups

Homologous series

Today

Nomenclature of Alkenes & Alkynes

Rules:• The double bond or triple bond should be included in the parent chain

even if it is not the longest chain.

• Numbering is done such that the double or triple bond gets the lowest

number.

• Prefix+root+ene

• Prefix+root+yne

Nomenclature of Alkanes

Rules: • The parent chain should contain the greatest number of carbon atoms.

• If more than one carbon chain are present, then select the one having highest

number of branching

• Numbering is done according to lowest set of locant rule.

• Prefix+Root+ane

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JEE 11th CHEMISTRY