jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh · iii wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj u.ska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys;j

jHjidhl;aj wOHhkhjHjidhl;aj wOHhkhjHjidhl;aj wOHhkhjHjidhl;aj wOHhkhjHjidhl;aj wOHhkh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh

10 fYa%Ksh

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10 fYa%Ksh

jdKsc jdKsc jdKsc jdKsc jdKsc fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

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10 fY%aKsh

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cd;sl wOHDmk wdh;kh

ISBN

jdKsc fomd¾;fïka;=j"

úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh"

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh'

ii

iii

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhwOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhwOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhwOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhwOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj u.ska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d ixj¾OkhlsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys;j tjlg mej;s wka;¾.;h mokï jq wOHdmkh fjkqjg j¾Iwglska hq;= pl%hlska iukaú; kj ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dfjys m<uq wÈhr" j¾I 2007 §YS% ,xldfõ oaú;SSshsl wOHdmk fCIa;%hg y÷kajd fok ,§'

kj úIhud,d pl%fha fojk wÈhr 2015 j¾Ifha § m<uqjk" yhjk iy oyjk fYa%Ks i|ydy÷kajd§u l< hq;=j ;sfí' fï i|yd m¾fhaIKj,ska wkdjrKh jq lreKq o wOHdmkhms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrk úúO md¾Yjhkaf.a fhdackdjka o mokï fldg f.k úIhks¾foaY ;d¾lSlrKh lsÍfï ls%hdj,shla cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska y÷kajd fokq,eîh' fuu ;d¾lSlrK ls%hdj,sfha § ishü úIhhkaf.a ksmqK;d uÜgï" mokï uÜgfïisg Wiia uÜgu olajd l%udkql+,j f.dv ke.Su i|yd my< isg by<g .uka lrk isriaixl,kh Ndú;d lrk ,§' úúO úIhhkays § tlu úIh lreKq kej; kej; bÈßm;aùuyels;dla wju lsÍu" jeä nr megùï j,ska hqla; úIh wka;¾.;hka wvq lsÍu" iyls%hd;aul l< yels YsIH ñ;=re úIhud,djla ieliSu i|yd ;sria ixl,kh Ndú;d lrwe;'

.=re Nj;=ka i|yd mdvï ie,iqï lsÍu" b.ekaùu" ls%hdldrlï lrf.k hEu" uekSï ydwe.hSï hkd § wxYhka i|yd wjYHjkakd jq ud¾f.damfoaYhka ,nd§fï wruqKska fuu kj.=re ud¾f.damfoaYh y÷kajd § we;' mx;s ldurh ;=< § jvd;a M,odhS .=rejrfhl= f,ilghq;= lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaYhka WmldÍ jkq we;' isiqkaf.a ksmqK;djhka j¾OkhlsÍu i|yd .=Kd;aul fhojqï yd ls%hdldrlï f;dard .ekSug .=rejrekag wjYH ksoyifuu.ska ,nd § ;sfí' tfukau ks¾foaYs; mdG .%ka:j, we;=<;a jk úIh lreKq ms<sn|jjeä nr ;eîula fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYj, wka;¾.; fkdfõ' tuksid fuu .=reud¾f.damfoaYh jvd;a M,odhSùug kï wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j úiska ilid we;swod< mdG .%ka: iuÕ iu.dój Ndú;d lsÍu w;HjYH fõ' ;d¾lSlrKh lrk ,o úIhks¾foaY" kj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY yd w¨;ska ixj¾Okh lr we;s mdG .%ka:j, uq,sl wruqKqjkafka .=re flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdfjka isiq flakaøSh wOHdmk rgdjla yd jvd;als%hdldrlï u; mokï jq wOHdmk rgdjlg fjkiaùu ;=<ska jev f,dalhg wjYH jkakdjq ksmqK;d yd l=i,;djkaf.ka hqla; udkj iïm;la njg YsIH m%cdj ixj¾Okh lsÍuh'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh iïmdokh lsÍfï § cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha Ydia;S%h lghq;=uKav,h o wdh;kfha iNdj o kka whqßka odhl;ajh ,nd ÿka ishü iïm;aodhlhska ydwksl=;a md¾Yjhkaf.a buy;a lemùu we.ehSug o fuh wjia:djla lr .kq leue;af;ñ'

wOHlaI ckrd,acd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iv

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvhksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh

w;S;fha isgu wOHdmkh ksrka;rfhka fjkiaùï j,g Ndckh fjñka bÈßhg .uka lrñka ;snqKs'uE; hq.fha fuu fjkiaùu ±ä f,i iS>% ù we;' bf.kqï l%ufõoj, fuka u ;dlaIKsl fuj,ïNdú;h w;ska yd ±kqu W;amdokh iïnkaOfhka o .; jq oYl fol ;=< úYd, msì§ula olakg ,enqKs'fï wkqj cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh o 2015g wod< wOHdmk m%;sixialrK i|yd wm%udoj iqÿiq mshjr.ksñka isà' f.da,Shj isÿjk fjkialï .ek fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr foaYSh wjYH;d wkqj wkqj¾;khg,lalr YsIH flakaøSh bf.kqï-b.ekaùï m%fõYh mdol lr .ksñka kj úIhud,dj ie,iqï lr mdi,amoaO;sfha kshuqjka f,i fiajh lrk .=re Nj;=ka jk Tn fj; fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh mqo lrkafkab;d i;=áks'

fujeks kj u. fmkaùfï WmfoaYk ix.%yhla Tn fj; ,ndfokafka ta u.ska Tng jvd fyd|odhl;ajhla ,ndÈh yelsfõh hk úYajdih ksid h'

fuu WmfoaYk ix.%yh mka;s ldur bf.kqï-b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § Tng uy`.= w;aje,la jkjdg lsisuielhla ke;' tfiau fuh o Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka ld,Sk iïm;a øjH Ndú;fhka jvd;a ixj¾Okd;aulm%fõYhla Tiafia mka;s ldurh yiqrejd .ekSug Tng ksoyi we;'

Tn fj; ,ndfok fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh uekúka wOHhkh lr jvd ks¾udKYS,s ore mrmqrla ìyslr YS% ,xldj wd¾Ól yd iudÔh w;ska bÈßhg f.k hdug lemùfuka hq;=j lghq;= lrkq we;ehs uuúYajdi lrñ'

fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ks¾udKh jqfha fuu úIh flaIa;%hg wod< .=re Nj;=ka yd iïm;a mqoa.,hska/ilf.a fkdmiqng W;aidyh yd lemùu ksid h'

wOHdmk moaO;sfha ixj¾Okh Wfoid ksu jq fuu ld¾hh ud b;du;a Wiia f,i w.h lrk w;r fï

i|yd lemù ls%hd l< Tn ieug uf.a f.!rjdkaú; ia;=;sh msß kuñ'

tï't*a'tia'mS' chj¾OkksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a^úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh&

WmWmWmWmWmfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;shfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;shfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;shfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;shfoaYl;ajh yd wkque;sh ( Ydia;S%Sh lghq;= uKaav,h


úIh iïnkaëlrKhúIh iïnkaëlrKhúIh iïnkaëlrKhúIh iïnkaëlrKhúIh iïnkaëlrKh ( ví'tï'ta'î' úfÊiqßh

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h

- jdKsc fomd¾;fïka;=j"


f,aLl uKaav,hf,aLl uKaav,hf,aLl uKaav,hf,aLl uKaav,hf,aLl uKaav,h ((((( wyHka;r odhl;ajhwyHka;r odhl;ajhwyHka;r odhl;ajhwyHka;r odhl;ajhwyHka;r odhl;ajh

ví'tï'ta'î' úfÊiqßh

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h

tï'ta'whs'mS' fmf¾rd

fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h

fla' m%ndyrka

lÓldpd¾h

tia'wd¾' r;akÔj

iyldr lÓldpd¾h"

ndysr odhl;ajhndysr odhl;ajhndysr odhl;ajhndysr odhl;ajhndysr odhl;ajh (

kS,ukS fukaäia

^ysgmq & fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h

YS% ,xld újD; úYaj úoHd,h

ã'tia' rdcmlaI

YS%',x'úÿy,am;s fiajh

i$n,$ Wv.u u'ú' n,xf.dv

isßud kdkdhlaldr - .=re WmfoaYl

l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - jrldfmd,

ta'tÉ'tï' nqydß - .=re WmfoaYl

iS'tï'tia' kjdia - .=re WmfoaYl - bínd.uqj

NdId ixialrKhNdId ixialrKhNdId ixialrKhNdId ixialrKhNdId ixialrKh ((((( tï'ví'ù' m%ikak úfÊj¾Ok

YS% ,x ' .=re fiajh

nm$fyda$uq,af,a.u u'ú' - fydaud.u

v

.=re w;afmd; mrsYS,kh lsrSu i|yd Wmfoia.=re w;afmd; mrsYS,kh lsrSu i|yd Wmfoia.=re w;afmd; mrsYS,kh lsrSu i|yd Wmfoia.=re w;afmd; mrsYS,kh lsrSu i|yd Wmfoia.=re w;afmd; mrsYS,kh lsrSu i|yd Wmfoia

jHdjidhl;aj wOHhk úIhh j¾I 2007 § ls%hd;aul lrk ,o úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh hgf;aYS% ,xldfõ mdi,a moaO;sfha fcHIaG oaù;Shsl uÜgfï 10 yd 11 fY%aKs i|yd y÷kajd fokq ,enq kj;uúIhhla úh' jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh mdi,aj, ls%hd;aul ùu kj iyyY%lfha f.da,Sh m%jK;djlaf,i ye¢kaúh yelsh' jHdjidhl;aj l=i,;dj mqoa.,hka ;=< we;s yd f.dv ke.sh yelss b;d jákdby< uÜgfï l=i,;djls' jHdjidhl;ajh mqoa.,hka ys;k wdldrh yd ta wkqj ls%hdlrk wdldrhms<sn| fohla fõ' fï ksid jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh u.ska mqoa.,hka ;=, Ñka;k úma,jhla we;sfldg Tjqka úYd, wdl,amuh fjkilg Ndckh l< yelsh' ta wkqj Tjqka rgl iudÔh yd wd¾Ólm%;s,dN w;alr §u i|yd odhl lr .; yelsh' fuys § jHdjidhl;aj .=re N+ñldjg úYd, j.lSulamejf¾' isiqkag jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh ,nd §fï § .=rejre iïm%odhsl .=re N+ñldfjka ñ§ug;a "isiqka ilS%h bf.kqï ,nkakka msßila njg m;a lsÍug;a isÿfõ' yeu úgu .fõIKd;aul ydúuiqïiys; bf.kqï m%fõYhla wkq.ukh lrñka ls%hdldrlï u; mokï j mdvï ie,iqï lr.ekSug .=rejre iqodkï ù jeo.;ah' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh ;=< úIh ks¾foaYfha iEu ksmqK;duÜgulgu wod< j bf.kqï - b.ekaSï ls%hdj,sh i|yd ls%hdldrlï fhdackd lr ;sfí' tu ls%hdldrlïms<sn| j wOdkh fhduq fldg wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M, ,Õd lr .kakd wdldrhg mdvï ie,iqï lr.ekSu flf¾ fhduq ùu jeo.;a fõ' Bg wu;r jYfhka fuys fhdað; ls%hdldrlï u; muKla fkd?§.=rejrekag yqremqreÿ ls%hdldrlï yd l%uYs,am fhdod .ekSu o uekú' flfia jqj o jHdjidhl;ajwOHdmkh ,nk isiqka 10 yd 11 fY%aKs wod< mdGud,dj wjidkfha Tjqka ;==< jHdjidhl;ajhms<sn| we,aula we;s ù jHdjidhlhska f,i is;k msßila njg m;aù u wfmalaId flf¾'

hqfrdamd fldñiug wh;a iEu rglu mdfya m%d:ñl wjOdfha isg u jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkhls%hd;aul fõ' tu fldñiu úiska m%ldYs; "jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh - .=rejreka i|yd jqud¾f.damfoaYh" u.ska hfula jHdjidhl;aj .=rejrfhla jkafka flfiao @ hkak oelaùfï §my; i|yka wjYH;d ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lr we;' fï ms<sn| j Tn o wjOdkh fhduq lsÍujeo.;a fõ'

* jHdidhl;aj wOHmkh yqfola jHdmdrhla lr f.k hkafka flfiao @ hkakg jvd jeä fohls' th jHdjidhl;aj wdl,am l=i,;d yd oekqu ixj¾Okh lr .kafka flfiao hkak ms<sn|j fohla fõ' fláfhka olajkjd kï th woyia ls%hdldÍ njg m;alr .ekSug yelshdj ,nd §uh'

* .=rejre ;uka jHdjidhlhska njg m;a fkdù jHdjidhlhska njg m;ajkafka flfiaoehs b.ekaúh fkdyelsh'

* isiqka ;=< ks¾udKYS,s;ajh yd kfjda;amdokh m%o¾Ykh ùu i|yd isiqka ilS%h l%ufõoj, fho ùug yels jHdjidhl;aj ksmqK;d wjYH flf¾'

* jHdjidhl;aj ksmqK;d yd l=i,;d w;am;a lr .; yels õkfka m%dfhda.sl yd ienE Ôjk ksmqK;d Tiafia muKs'

vi

* ishü úIhhka Tiafia fukau fjku jq úIhhka u.ska o jHdjidhl;aj l=i,;d ,nd Èh yelsh'

* jHdjidhl;ajh iud.ï ;=< fukau rdcH wdh;k ;=< o Ndú;hg .efkk neúka jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkfha § jHdjidhlhska fukau wNHka;ßl jHdjidhlhska flf¾ o wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;=h'

* jHdjidhl;aj wOHdmkh ieneúkau .%yKh lr .ekSu i|yd wOHdmkfha iEu uÜghul§ u jHdjidhl;ajhg wod<j bf.kqï M, ;lafiarelrK l%u yd ;;a;aj wdrlaIK ls%hdmámdá ixj¾Okh lsÍug wjYH fõ' fïjd ie,iqï l< hq;af;a .=rejreka ;=< jHdjidhl;aj oekqu" l=i,;d yd wdl,am i;= lr .ekSug Wmldr jk wdldrfhks'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha § jHdjidhl;aj wOHhkhg wod< fm<fmdf;a ta ta ksmqK;dj,gwod< mdvïj, wka;¾.;h ms<sn|j ukd jegySula ,nd .ekSu jeo.;ah' ta wkqj fuu .=re w;afmd;giu.dój fm<fmd; o mßyrKh lrñka bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ie,iqï lr .; hq;= fõ'

úIh iudfhdaclúIh iudfhdaclúIh iudfhdaclúIh iudfhdaclúIh iudfhdacl

vii

mgqk msgq wxlh

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKjqvh

iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh

úIhud,d lugqj

.=re w;afmd; mßYS,kh lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia

úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh ioyd Wmfoia 1 - 50

iii

iv

vi

viii

v

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úIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;húIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;húIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;húIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;húIh ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.;h

ix

ye¢kaùu

jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkfha iuia; wruqK jkafka jHjidhl;aj wdldrhlska yeisÍu i|yd YsIHhkag

oekqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d ,nd§uh' jHjidhl;aj wOHhk úIhh" fcHIaG oaù;shsl uÜgfï 10 iy 11

fYa%Ksj, isiqkag bf.k .ekSu i|yd f;dard.; yels úIhhla fõ' fuu úIhh 2007 j¾Ifha § YS% ,xldfõ

ls%hd;aul lrk ,o wOHdmk m%;sixialrKfha § fcHIaG oaù;Shsl úIhud,dfõ 10 iy 11 fYa%Ks i|yd

y÷kajd fokq ,enQ kj;u úIhhla fõ' jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh úIhh bf.k .ekSfuka wOHdmkh ;=<ska

j¾Okh lsÍug wfmalaId lrk fmdÿ ksmqK;djka jk fm!reI;aj j¾Okhg wod< ksmqK;d iy jev

f,dalhg iQodkïùfï ksmqK;d uekúka idlaId;a lr .ekSug isiqkag wjia:dj ,efí' jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkh

hdjÔj wOHdmkhls' tfukau jHjidhl;aj wOHdmkh 21 jk ishjfia f,dalfha kj/,a,ls' fï jk úg;a

hqfrdamd fldñiug we;=<;a rgj, iEu rglau mdfya isiqkag m%:ñl wOHdmkfha isg u jHjidhl;aj

wOHdmkh ,nd §u msKsi m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka ;SrK f.k ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;S' fuu úIhh bf.k

.ekSug ie,eiaùfuka 21 jk ishjfia t<fUk f.da,Sh wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §u i|yd isiqka iQodkï l<

yelsfõ'

fuu úIhfha wdrïNl wjia:dj f,i oelaúh yelafla Y%S ,xldfõ lksIaG oaú;shsl úIh ud,dfõ 6-9

fYa%Ks olajd ls%hd;aul jk m%dfhda.sl yd ;dlaIK úIhhhs' tu úIhhka bf.k .kakd isiqka yg jHjidhl;ajh

ms<sn| mokï wjfndaOhla ,efnk w;r tu isiqkag 10 iy 11 fYa%Ksj, § jHjidhl;aj wOHkh úIhh

Tiafia ;jÿrg;a iajlSh oekqu" wdl,am yd l=i,;d jHdma; lr .ekSug bvm%ia;dj ,efí' bka wk;=rej

Wiia fm< jHdmdr wOHhkh úIhh bf.k .ekSfï § jHjidhl;ajh ms<sn| j ;jÿrg;a wOHhkh lsÍug

wjia:dj i,id ;sfí' tu isiqka Wiia wOHdmkhg msúiSfï § úYaj úoHd,j, o fï i|yd bv m%ia;d ;sfí'

2007 j¾Ifha § ls%hd;aul lrk ,o jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh úIhh mka;s ldurh ;=< ls%hd;aul ùu

ms<sn| j isÿ lrk ,o m¾fhaIK u.ska wkdjrKh jQ f;dr;=re o lafIa;%fhka ,nd .;a w;a±lSï o

ie,ls,a,g .ksñka mej;s fuu úIhh isiqkag b;d ms%hckl úIhhla njg m;a lsÍu i|yd fujr hï hï

fjkialïj,g Ndckh fldg úIhh kùlrKhlg n÷ka lrk ,§' m%Odk jYfhka úIh ikaOdrfha .eUqr

;jÿrg;a wvq lrk ,o w;r" jvd;a ;d¾lsl whqßka ksmqK;d yd WmksmqK;d fm<.iajd thg WÑ; whqßka

úIh ikaOdrh ixúOdkh lr ;sfí' jHdjidhl;ajh bf.k .ekSu mqoa.,hkag yd rglg fl;rï

m%fhdackj;a jqj;a" 10 fY%aKshg we;=<;ajk isiqka f;dard .ekSu idfmalaI jYfhka wvq uÜgul mj;S' tfia

fyhska fuu úIhh f;dard .ekSug bv m%ia;d ,nd§u wOHdmk n,Orhkaf.a o" .=rejrekaf.a o j.lSula

fldg ie,lSug yelsfõ' ta wkqj fuu úIhh f;dard .ekSu i|yd isiqka Wkkaÿ lsÍug úIh b.ekaùu

i|yd .=rejre Wkkaÿ lsÍug;a jdKsc úoHd wOHlaIjre" úIh ixj¾Ok wOHlaIjre" úÿy,am;sjre yd

wxYNdr .=rejre mshjr .ekSu ldf,daÑ; ls%hdjla fõ'

x

cd;sl fmdÿ wruqKq

I udkj wNsudkhg .re lsrSfï ixl,amhla u; msysgd Y%S ,dxlsl nyqúO iudcfha ixialD;sl úúO;ajh wjfndaO lr .ksñka cd;sl taldnoaO;dj" cd;sl Rcq .=Kh" cd;sl iu.sh" tluq;=lu iy iduh m%j¾Okh lsÍu ;=<ska cd;sh f.dv ke`.Su iy Y%S ,dxlSh wkkH;dj ;yjqre lsÍu

II fjkia jk f,dalhl wNsfhda.hkag m%;spdr olajk w;r cd;sl Wreufha udye.s odhdohka y`ÿkd .ekSu iy ixrlaIKh lsÍu

III udkj whs;sjdislï .re lsÍu" hq;=lï yd j.lSï ms<snò oekqj;a ùu" yDohdx.u ne`§ulska hq;=j tlsfkld flfrys ie,ls,su;a ùu hk.=Kdx. m%j¾Okh lsÍug bjy,a jk iudc idOdrK;aj iïu;hka iy m%cd;ka;%sl Ôjk rgdjla .eí jQ mßirhla ks¾udK lsÍu iy mj;ajd f.k hdug iydh ùu

IV mqoa.,hskaf.a udkisl yd YdÍßl iqj iïm;a iy udkj w.hkag .re lsÍu u; mokï jQ ;sridr Ôjk l%uhla m%j¾Okh lsÍu

V iqiudys; jQ iunr fm!reIhla iòyd ks¾udmK yelshdj" wdrïNl Yla;sh úpdrYS,S Ñka;kh" j.lSu yd j.ùu we;=`M fjk;a Okd;aul wx. ,laIK ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VI mqoa.,hdf.a iy cd;sfha Ôj.=Kh jeäÈhqKq flfrk iy Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd odhl jk M,odhs ld¾hhka iòyd wOHdmk ;=<ska udkj iïm;a ixj¾Okh lsÍu

VII YS>%fhka fjkia jk f,dalhla ;=< isÿ jk fjkialï wkqj yev.eiaùug yd tajd md,kh lr .ekSug mqoa.,hska iqodkï lsÍu iy ixlS¾K yd wkfmalaIs; wjia:djkag id¾:l j uqyqK §fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsÍu

VIII cd;Hka;r m%cdj w;r f.!rjkSh ia:dkhla ysñ lr .ekSug odhl jk hqla;sh iudk;ajh iy wfkHdakH .re;ajh u; mokï jQ wdl,am yd l=i,;d fmdaIKh lsÍu

cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdfõ jd¾;dj ^2003 foieïn¾&

xi

fmdÿ ksmqK;d iuQy

wOHdmkh ;=<ska j¾Okh flfrk my; oelafjk uQ,sl ksmqK;d by; i|yka cd;sl

wruqKq uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug odhl jkq we;'

i& ikaksfõok ksmqK;d

idlaIr;dj" ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu" rEml Ndú;h iy f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh m%ùK;ajh hk wkqldKav

y;rla u; ikaksfõok ksmqK;d mokï fõ'

idlaIr;dj ( idjOdkj weyqïlka §u" meyeÈ,s j l;d lsÍu" f;areï .ekSu i|yd lshùu" ksjerÈ

j iy ksrjq,a j ,sùu' M,odhS whqßka woyia yqjudre lr .ekSu'

ixLHd ms<sn| oekqu ( NdKav" wjldYh yd ld,h" .Kka lsÍu" .Kkh iy ñkqï i|yd l%udkql+,

b,lalï Ndú;h'

rEml Ndú;h ( f¾Ld iy wdlD;s Ndú;fhka woyia ms<sìUq lsÍu iy f¾Ld" wdlD;s iy j¾K

.,mñka úia;r" Wmfoia yd woyia m%ldYkh yd jd¾;d lsÍu'

f;dr;=re ;dlaIK m%ùK;ajh( mß.Kl oekqu iy bf.kSfï § o fiajd mßY%hka ;=< § o fm!oa.,sl

ðú;fha § o f;dr;=re iy ikaksfõok ;dlaIKh Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu'

ii& fm!reI;aj j¾Okh wod< ksmqK;d

- ks¾udKYS,S nj" wmidÍ Ñka;kh" wdrïNl Yla;sh" ;SrK .ekSu" .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lsÍu"

úpdrYS,S yd ú.%d;aul Ñka;kh" lKavdhï ye`.Sfuka lghq;= lsÍu" mqoa.,dka;r in|;d"

kj fidhd .ekSï iy .fõIKh jeks j¾.Sh l=i,;d

- Rcq .=Kh" bjid ord isàfï Yla;sh iy udkj wNsudkhg .re lsÍu jeks w.hhka'

- Ñ;a;fõ.S nqoaêh'

iii& mßirhg wod< ksmqK;dfuu ksmqK;d idudðl" ffcj iy fN!;sl mßirhkag wod< fõ'

iudc mßirh ( cd;sl Wreuhka ms<sn| wjfndaOh" nyqjd¾.sl iudchl idudðlhka ùuyd iïnkaO ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;d" idOdrK hqla;sh ms<sn| ye`.Su"iudc iïnkaO;d" mqoa.,sl p¾hdj" idudkH yd ffk;sl iïm%odhhka"whs;sjdislï" j.lSï" hq;=lï iy ne£ï'

ffcj mßirh ( iÔù f,dalh" ck;dj iy ffcj moaO;sh" .iaje,a" jkdka;r" uqyqÿ"c,h" jd;h iy Ôjh- Ydl" i;a;aj yd ñksia Ôú;hg iïnkaO jQwjfndaOh" ixfõ§ nj yd l=i,;d'

fN!;sl mßirh ( wjldYh" Yla;sh" bkaOk" øjH" NdKav iy ñksia Ôú;hg tajdfha we;siïnkaO;dj" wdydr" we÷ï" ksjdi" fi!LH" iqj myiqj" kskao" ksial,xlh"úfõlh" wmøjH iy u<my lsÍu hkdÈh yd iïnkaO jQ wjfndaOh"ixfõ§;dj yd l=i,;dj' bf.kSu" jev lsÍu iy Ôj;a ùu i|yd fuj,ïiy ;dlaIKh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï l=i,;d fuys wvx.= fõ'

xii

iv& jev f,dalhg iqodkï ùfï ksmqK;dwd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg odhl ùu';u jD;a;Sh ,eÈhd iy wNsfhda.;d y÷kd .ekSu'yelshdjkag iß,k whqßka /lshdjla f;dard .ekSu iy jdisodhl yd ;sridr Ôjfkdamdhl ksr;ùu'hk yelshdjka Wmßu lsÍug yd Odß;dj jeä lsÍug wod< fiajd kshqla;sh yd iïnkaO l=i,;d'

^v& wd.u iy wdpdr O¾uhkag wod< ksmqK;dmqoa.hkag ;u ffoksl Ôú;fha § wdpdrO¾u" iodpdrd;aul yd wd.udkql+, yeisÍï rgdjkagwkq.; fjñka jvd;a WÑ; foa f;dard thg iß,k fia lghq;= lsÍu i|yd w.hhka Wlyd .ekSuyd iaùhlrKh'

^vi& l%Svdj iy úfõlh m%fhdackhg .ekSfï ksmqK;dfi!kao¾hh" idys;Hh" fi,a,ï lsÍu" l%Svd yd u,, l%Svd" úfkdaodxY yd fjk;a ks¾udKd;aulÔjk rgdjka ;=<ska m%ldY jk úfkdaoh" i;=g" wdfõ. iy tjka udkqIsl w;aoelSï'

vii& —bf.kSug bf.kSu˜ ms<sn| ksmqK;dYS>%fhka fjkia jk" ixlS¾K yd tlsfkld u; hefmk f,dalhl mßj¾;k l%shdj,shla yrydfjkiaùï yiqrejd .ekSfï § yd Bg ixfõ§ j yd id¾:l j m%;spdr oelaùu;a iajdëkj bf.k.ekSu;a i|yd mqoa.,hska yg Yla;sh ,nd§u'

xiii

úIhh wruqKq

01' jHjidhl;ajhg wod< uQ,sl ixl,am yd ksmqK;d ms<sn| j oekqj;aNdjh ,nd§u'

02' jHdmdr lghq;=j, iajNdjh yd jHdmdrj, wd¾Ól yd iudÔh wjYH;dj ms<sn| uQ,sl

wjfndaOhla ,nd§u'

03' jHjidhl;ajh flf¾ we,aula we;sù tys ienE ls%hdldßlhl= lrùu'

04' iudcfha ljr fyda mqoa., N+ñldjl id¾:l f,i lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd§u i|yd

jHjidhl;aj ksmqK;d w;am;a lr§u'

05' jHjidhl;aj wOHdmk lafIa;%fha jeäÿr wOHhk lghq;=j, yd jD;a;shl kshe,Su i|yd

wjYH flfrk mokï oekqula ,nd§u'

06' iunr fm!reIhlska yd by< ld¾h idOkhlska hq;a mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a lsÍu'

07' .;sl jHdmdr mßirhg WÑ; f,i wkqj¾;kh fjñka id¾:l jHjidhlfhl= jYfhka

lghq;= lsÍfï yelshdj ,nd§u'

08' jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd id¾:l m%fõYhla ,nd§u yd /lshd ks¾udKh lrk mqoa.,hl=

ìyslsÍu'

09' foaYSh iïm;a Ndú;fhka YS% ,xld wd¾Ól ixj¾Okhg by< tl;= l< jákdlula ,nd

fok mqoa.,fhl= ìyslsÍu'

10' wd¾Ól yd iudchSh jYfhka by< m%;s,dN N=la;s ú¢k wd;au wNsudkfhka hq;a

mqoa.,fhl= ìyslsÍu'

xiv

;lafiarelrKh yd we.hSu

mdi,a uÜgu

jHjidhl;ajh b;d m%dfhda.sl iudchSh úoHd úIhhls' tu úIhfha bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh

yels ;rï YsIH flakaøShj ls%hd;aul lsÍug wfmalaId lrk w;r" thg WÑ; ;lafiarelrK jevms<sfj<la

mdi, u.ska ie,iqï l< hq;= fõ' tys § bf.kqï- b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shg iu.dó j ;lafiarelrKh o

isÿ l< hq;= w;r" mdi, mokï lr.;a we.hSï jevms<sfj< hgf;a (SBA) we.hSï WmlrK ks¾udKh

lsÍfï § WÑ; ks¾Kdhl f.dvkÕd f.k ;lafiarelrKh isÿ l< yels h' fuu úIhh i|yd ie,iqï

lrk ,o .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha fhdað; ls%hdldrlïj, wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M, uefkk

wdldrhg ;lafiarelrKh o" we.hSu o isÿ ùu wfmalaId flf¾' j¾I wjidk jdr mÍlaIK i|yd

m%Yak m;% ms<sfh, lsÍfï § my; i|yka m%Yak m;% wdlD;sh yd jHQyh wkq.ukh flf¾ hehs

wfmalaId flf¾'

jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh m;%h I iy m;%h II jYfhka meh 3 la ;=< ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= m%Yak m;%

folls'

10 fYa%Ksh

m;%h I - - - - - ksmqK;d 4 olajd wdjrKh jk mßÈ nyqjrK m%Yak 25 lska iukaú; m%Yak m;%hls'

,l+Kq 25 x 2 = 50

m;%h II - - - - - ksmqK;d 4 olajd wdjrKh jk mßÈ jHQy.; m%Yak 6 lska iukaú; fõ' isiqka m%Yak 5

lg ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= h'

,l+Kq 10 x 5 = 50

11 fYa%Ksh

m;%h I - - - - - iuia; úIh ks¾foaYhu wdjrKh jk mßÈ ms<sfh, lrk ,o jdia;úl j¾.fha

^nyqjrK m%Yak iy flá ms<s;=re m%Yak& m%Yak 40 lska iukaú; m%Yak m;%hls' ,l=Kq 40 ls'

m;%h II - - - - - iuia; úIh ks¾foaYhu wdjrKh jk mßÈ ms<sfh, lrk ,o jHQy.; rpkd ffY,sfha

m%Yakj,ska iukaú; m%Yak 7 ls' isiqka m%Yak 5 lg muKla ms<s;=re iemhsh hq;= fõ' tla m%Yakhlg

,l=Kq 12 ne.sks' m%Yak 05 g ,l=Kq 60ls'

m%Yak m;% 1 iy 11 i|yd uq`M ld,h meh 3 ls' uq`M ,l=Kq m%udKh 100 ls'

II jk m%Yak m;%fha jHQy.; m%Yak ilia lsÍfï § yels iEu wjia:djl § u isoaê mokï lrf.k

m%Yak ks¾udKh lsÍug fhdackd flf¾' m%Yak m;%fha iEu m%Yakhla u wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M,

idOkh jk whqßka ks¾udKh lsÍu wfmalaIs; h'

x.v

bf.kqï M,

� jHjidhl;ajh ms<sn| j iajlSh woyi

m%ldY lrhs'

� jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh yd ne÷Kq uQ,sl

mo <sys,a niska meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� fiiq iïm;aj,g idfmalaIj

jHjidhl;ajfhys iqúfYaI;ajh

idlÉPd lrhs'

� jHdmdrj, iajNdjh idlÉPd lrhs'

� jHdmdßlhd yd jHjidhlhd w;r

iudklï o fjkialï ii|hs'

� jHjidhlhska j¾. ksoiqka olajñka

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþold,Éfþold,Éfþold,Éfþold,Éfþo

1'1 jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh

ú.%y lrhs'

1'2 jHjidhl;ajh yd

jHdmdr w;r

wfkHdakH

iïnkaO;dj úuihs

� jHjidhl;ajh

� jHjidhl;ajh ye|skaùu

� jHjidhl;ajh yd ne¢ uQ,sl

ixl,am ye¢kaùu -

ks¾udKYS,S;ajh"

kfjda;amdok nj" wjodkï oeÍu

� udkj iïm;la f,i

jHjidhl;ajfha iqúfYaI;ajh yd

jeo.;alu

� jHjidhl;ajh yd jHdmdr w;r

wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj

� jHdmdr yd jHdmdßlhd ye¢kaùu

� jHjidhlhd yd jHdmdßlhd w;r

iudk;d

• jHdmdßlhd yd jHjidhlhd

w;r fjki

• jHjidhlhskaf.a úúO me;slv

(Various dimension of entrepre

neurs)

� jHdmdr jHjidhlhska

� iudchSh jHjidhlhska

� wNHka;ßl jHjidhlhska

30

09

7'0 fhdað; ksmqK;d" ksmqK;d uÜgï" úIh wka;¾.;h" bf.kqï M, yd ld,Éfþo - 10 fYa%Ksh

ksmqK;d uÜgu

11111 jHjidhl;ajhjHjidhl;ajhjHjidhl;ajhjHjidhl;ajhjHjidhl;ajh

yd tysyd tysyd tysyd tysyd tys

jeo.;alujeo.;alujeo.;alujeo.;alujeo.;alu

wjfndaO fldgwjfndaO fldgwjfndaO fldgwjfndaO fldgwjfndaO fldg

f.kf.kf.kf.kf.k

jHjidhlfhl=jHjidhlfhl=jHjidhlfhl=jHjidhlfhl=jHjidhlfhl=

ùfï we,auùfï we,auùfï we,auùfï we,auùfï we,au

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;dj

06

xvi

bf.kqï M,

� fok ,o mqoa., .;s,laIK w;=frka

jHjidhlhkag iqúfYaI jQ .;s,laIK

fjka fldg olajhs'

� jHjidhl;aj .;s,laIK iajlSh

.;s,laIK iuÕ .<mñka ;ud ;=<

mj;akd jHjidhl;aj .;s,laIK

biau;= fldg olajhs'

� fok ,o jHjidhl;aj .;s,laIK ú.%y

lrhs'

wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

1'3 jHjidhlhskaf.a

iqúfYaI .;s,CIK

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

� jHjidhlhskaf.a iqúfYaI .;s,laIK

� ks¾udKYS,S nj Creativity

� kfjda;amdok nj -

Innovativeness

� wjodkï Ndr .ekSu - Risktaking

� oelaula iys; nj -Visionary

� mßir ixfõ§ nj yd wjia:d y÷kd

.ekSu - Environmental sensitivity and

Recognition of opportunities.

� iqNjd§ ùu - Optimistic

� wiSre wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu flf¾

keUqrej - Achievement orientation

� iajlSh id¾:l;ajh ;ud wkqj

;SrKh jk nj ms<sn| úYajdih

- Internal locus of control

� iajdëk;ajh - Autonomy

� kuHYS,S;ajh - Flexbility

� oeä wdYdj - Passion

� wdrïNkh - Initiative

09

ksmqK;dj ksmqK;d uÜgu

xvii

bf.kqï M,

� lsishï mqoa.,fhla jHjidhlfhl=

ùfuka Tyqg w;aú¢h yels iqúfYaI

m%;s,dN idlÉPd lrhs'

� we;eï mqoa.,hska Ôjfkdamdhla f,i

/lshdjla f;dard .ekSug fhduq fkdù

jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd fhduqùug fya;=

bÈßm;a lrhs'

� foaYSh wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh i|yd

jHjidhlhska odhl jk whqre fmkajd

fohs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu wka;¾.;hld,Éfþo

� jHjidhlhskaf.a idudkH .;s,laIK

ksoiqka (

lemùu Dedicatio

idudkH jegySu Common sense

iajhx fm<Uùu Self motivation

wd;au úYajdih Self confidence

f;dr;=re fidhd ne,Su

Information seeking

� jHjidhl;ajfha m%;s,dN

� jHjidhlhdg ,efnk m%;s,dN

� iajlSh ffojh ;SrKh ùu'

� ld¾hhkays úúO;ajhla we;sùu

� mQ¾K úNjH;d idOkh lr.;

yelsùu

� iajhxfmdaIs; nj

� j¾Okh i|yd mqoa.,hkag Wmßu

wjldY ,eîu'

� wdl¾YKSh ,dNhla bmhSu

� iudc iqNidOkh i|yd odhl

úh yelsùu

� ksoyi iy b;d by< wd;au

mßmQ¾K;ajhlg m;aùu

1'4 jHjidhl;ajfha m%;s,dN

úuihs'

06

ksmqK;dj

xviii

bf.kqï M,wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

� jHjidhl;ajfhka foaYSh wd¾Ólhlg,efnk m%;s,dN� /lshd W;amdokh� iïm;a Wmßu f,i Wmfhdackh

lsÍu� mqoa.,hkaf.a Ôjk ;;a;ajh

Wiia ùu� m%dfoaYSh ixj¾Okh� kfjda;amdok ;=<ska kj NdKav yd

fiajd y÷kajd§u� wdodhu fn§hdfï úIu;dj wvqùu� úfoaY úksuh bmhSu� iaffjrS yd ksjy,a wd¾:slhla

yd cd;shla ks¾udKh ùu

� l=vd mßudK jHdmdr� l=vd jHdmdr ye¢kaùu� l=vd jHdmdr yd jHjidhl;ajh

w;r iïnkaO;dj� Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾:sl ixj¾Okfhys,d

l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj, jeo.;alu� l=vd jHdmdrj, Yla;Ska yd iSud� l=vd jHdmdr wid¾:lùug

n,mdk fya;=

� l=vd jHdmdr id¾:l lr .ekSu

i|yd .; yels ls%hdud¾.

2'1 jHjidhl;ajh yd

l=vd mßudK jHdmdr

w;r we;s in|;dj

wkdjrKh lrhs'

� l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj,

.;s,laIK meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� YS% ,xldj jeks wd¾Ólhlg l=vd

mßudK jHdmdr m%fhdackj;a

jk wkaou fmkajd fohs'

� l=vd mßudK jHdmdr

wid¾:lùug ;=vqfok idOl

msgqoelSu i|yd fhdackd bÈßm;a

lrhs'

06

16


2' l=vd mßudK2' l=vd mßudK2' l=vd mßudK2' l=vd mßudK2' l=vd mßudKjHdmdrhljHdmdrhljHdmdrhljHdmdrhljHdmdrhljHdjidhlhl=jHdjidhlhl=jHdjidhlhl=jHdjidhlhl=jHdjidhlhl=úiska bgq lrkúiska bgq lrkúiska bgq lrkúiska bgq lrkúiska bgq lrkN+ñldN+ñldN+ñldN+ñldN+ñld úu¾YKhúu¾YKhúu¾YKhúu¾YKhúu¾YKhlrhs'lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'

xix

bf.kqï M,

� jHjidhlfhla iajlSh jHdmdrh ;=< bgq

lrk m%Odk N+ñld meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� jHdmdrhla ;=< jHjidhlhl=f.a

N+ñldj,g wod< ld¾hhka i|yd ksoiqka

olajhs'

� jHjidhlfhl=f.a tla tla N+ñld

jHdmdrhl id¾:l;ajhg n,mdk whqre

idlÉPd lrhs'

� l<ukdlrK yd kdhl;aj N+ñld

uekúka bgqlsÍu i|yd jHjidhlhl=g

;sìh hq;= uQ,sl l=i,;d olajhs'

� fok ,o l<ukdlrK yd kdhl;aj

l=i,;d ÿqäka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� l<ukdlrK yd kdhl;aj l=i,;d

jHdmdrhl id¾:l;ajhg fya;= jk

wkaou fmkajd fohs'

wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

� l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhla ;=<

jHjidhlfhl=f.a m%Odk N+ñld

� ye¢kaùu

� m%Odk N+ñld

� whs;slre

� kdhlhd

� l<ukdlre

� by; N+ñldj,g wod< ld¾hhka

� l<ukdlrK yd kdhl;aj N+ñld

id¾:lj bgq lsÍu i|y jHjidhlhl=g

;sìh hq;= uQ,sl l=i,;d

� ye¢kaùu

� ;dlaIKsl

� udkj

� ixl,amkd;aul

� lKavdhula iuÕ lghq;= lsÍu

� ikaksfõokh

� WmfoaYkh

� wdo¾Yu;aj lghq;= lsÍu

� lKavdhu ksfhdackh lsÍu

2'2 l=vd mßudK

jHdmdrhla ;=<

jHjidhlhl= bgq

lrk m%Odk

N+ñld wOHhkh lrhs'

2'3 l=vd mßudK

jHdmdrhla

id¾:lj mj;ajdf.k

hdu i|yd

jHjidhlhl= úiska

j¾Okh lr .; hq;=

l<ukdlrK yd

kdhl;aj l=i,;d

wkdjrKh lrhs'

05

05

ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;dj

xx

bf.kqï M,

� jHdmdr mßirh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� jHjidhlhl= jYfhka jHdmdr

mßirh .ek ie,ls,su;a ùfï

jeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

� wOHhkfha myiqj i|yd jHdmdr

mßirh fldgia lrhs'

� jHdmdrhl wNHka;r mßirh ksoiqka

iys;j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� jHdmdrhl wNHka;r mßirfha y\qkd

.kakd Yla;Ska we.hSulg ,la lrhs'

� jHdmdr wNHka;r mßirfhka y÷kd

.kakd ÿ¾j,;dj,g ms<shï fhdackd

lrhs'

� jHmdrhl ndysr mßirh ksoiqka iys;j

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� jHdmdrhl ndysr mßirfhka y÷kd

.kakd wjia:d we.hSulg ,la lrhs'

� jHdmrhl ndysr mrirfha y÷kd .kakd

;¾ckj,g ms<shï fhdackd lrhs'

wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

� jHdmdr mßirh� ye¢kaùu

� jHdmdr mßirh

wOHhkfha jeo.;alu

� jHdmdr mßirh j¾. lsÍu'

� wNHka;r mßirh

� ndysr mßirh

� wNHka;r mßirh yd tysn,mEu

� wNHka;r mßirh yd tys

idOl

� wNHka;r mrsir idOl

;+<ska u;=jk Yla;Ska yd

oq¾j,;d

� ndysr mßirh yd tys n,mEu � ndysr mßirh yd tys idOl

� ndysr mrsir idOl ;=<ska

u;=jk wjia:d yd ;¾ck

3'1 jHdmdr mßir

wOHhkh i|yd

jHdmdr mßir idOl

fjka fjkaj úuihs'

3'2 jHdmdr wNHka;r

mßir n,fõ.j,

ls%hdldÍ;ajh

ú.%y lrhs'

3'3 jHdmdr ndysr mßir

n,fõ.j,

ls%hdldÍ;ajh

ú.%y lrhs'

20

02

06

06

3'3'3'3'3' jHjidhlhl=jHjidhlhl=jHjidhlhl=jHjidhlhl=jHjidhlhl=

f,i jHdmdrf,i jHdmdrf,i jHdmdrf,i jHdmdrf,i jHdmdr

mßirhmßirhmßirhmßirhmßirh

úYaf,aIKhúYaf,aIKhúYaf,aIKhúYaf,aIKhúYaf,aIKh

lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'lrhs'


xxi

bf.kqï M,

••••• YS% ,xld wd¾Ólfha m%Odk jHdmdr

wxY ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

••••• jHdmdr i|yd m%fhdackhg .; yels

YS% ,xldfõ iq,N iïm;a i|yd

ksoiqka olajhs'

••••• jHjidhlhl= jYfhka jHdmdr mßir

m%jK;d ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a ùfï

jeo.;alu idlÉPd lrhs'

••••• mqoa.,hl= jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug

fmr .; hq;= jeo.;a ;SrKidlÉPd

lrhs'

••••• mqoa.,fhl= jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï

§ u;= úh yels .eg`Mj,g úi÷ï

fhdackd lrhs'

••••• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § u;=úh

yels .eg`Mj,g fok ,o f;dr;=re

mokï lrf.k m%Yia: úi÷ï

fhdackd lrhs'

wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

� Y%S ,xld wd¾Ólfha iajNdjh

••••• Y%S ,xldfõ wd¾Ólfha m%Odk

jHdmdr$ ksIamdok wxY

••••• m%d:ñl

••••• oaú;Shsl

••••• ;D;Shsl

••••• Y%S ,xldfõ iq,N iïm;a

••••• mßir m%jK;d

� jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr .;

hq;= jeo.;a ;SrK

� jHdmdrh i|yd mQ¾K jYfhka

lemùu'

� jHdmdrhg mokï jk NdKavh

fyda fiajdj

� fjf<|fmd<

� ;r.ldÍ;ajh

� bmhSfï m%udKj;a nj

� m%d.aOkh imhd .ekSu

� ;ksj fyda yjq,aj wdrïN lsÍu

� ia:dkh f;dard .ekSu

3'4 jHjidhlfhl=

jYfhka Y%S ,xldfõ

wd¾Ólh ms<snoj

.fõIKh lrhs'

4'1 jHdmdrhla wdrïN

lsÍug fmr .; hq;=

;SrK wkdjrKh lrhs'

06

24

04

ksmqK;d uÜgu ksmqK;dj

4'4'4'4'4' fhda.Hhfhda.Hhfhda.Hhfhda.Hhfhda.Hh

jHdmdrhlajHdmdrhlajHdmdrhlajHdmdrhlajHdmdrhla

wdrïN lsÍfïwdrïN lsÍfïwdrïN lsÍfïwdrïN lsÍfïwdrïN lsÍfï

mQ¾j iQodkumQ¾j iQodkumQ¾j iQodkumQ¾j iQodkumQ¾j iQodku

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'm%o¾Ykh lrhs'

xxii

bf.kqï M,

••••• jHjidhlhl=g jHdmdrhla wdrïNlsÍfï § fjf<|m<g m%fõY úh yelsúl,am wdldr olajhs'

••••• jHjidhlhl=g fjf<|fmd<lgm%fõY úh yels úl,am wdldrj,mj;akd jdis yd iSud idlÉPd lrhs'

••••• kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï §fjf<|m<g msúiSu i|ydjHjidhlhl=g .; yels Wmdhud¾.meyeÈ,s lrhs'

••••• jHdmdr woyia ksoiqka iys;j meyeÈ,slrhs'

••••• jHjidhlhl=g fyd| jHdmdr woyiljeo.;alu fya;= iys;j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

••••• jHdmdr woyia cks; lr.; yelsuq,dY% i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'

••••• jHdmdr woyi yd jHdmdr wjia:djw;r fjki meyeÈ,s lrhs'

••••• fyd| jHdmdr wjia:djla ;lafiarelsÍu i|yd Ndú; l< yels ks¾Kdhlolajhs'

••••• kj ksIamdÈ;hlg kS;Hdkql+,/ljrKh i,id .ekSu i|yd .;yels ls%hdud¾. fmkajd fohs'

wka;¾.;h ld,Éfþo

4'2 kj jHdmdrhla wdrïNlsÍfï § fjf<|fmd<gmsúish yels úl,am l%uyd Wmdhud¾. úuihs'

4'3 jHdmdrhla i|yd jHdmdrwoyila f;darhs'

4'4 jHdmdr wjia:djlfhda.H;dj ;lafiarelrhs'

••••• kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï §fjf<|m<g msúish yels úl,am l%u••••• mj;sk fjf<|fmd<lg mj;sk

NdKav fyda fiajd••••• mj;sk fjf<|fmd<lg kj

NdKav fyda fiajd••••• kj fjf<|fmd<lg mj;sk

NdKav fyda fiajd••••• kj fjf<|fmd<lg kj

NdKav fyda fiajd••••• kj jHdmdrhla i|yd msúiqï Wmdh

ud¾.••••• iqúfYaIs; NdKavhla$fiajdjla••••• ksIamdÈ; m%fNaokh••••• fjf<|fmd< ysoei••••• kfjda;amdokh

••••• jHdmdr woyila f;aÍu'� jHdmdr woyia ixl,amh� fyd| jHdmdr woyil jeo.;alu� jHdmdr woyia uQ,dY%

� jHdmdr woyia jHdmdr wjia:djla njgm;a lr .ekSu

� jHdmdr wjia:dj ye¢kaùu� jHdmdr woyia yd wjia:d w;r

fjki� fyd| jHdmdr wjia:djl ,laIK� fyd| jHdmdr wjia:djla f;dard

.ekSu� f;dard.;a jHdmdr woyi i|yd

kS;Hdkql+, /ljrKh ,nd .ekSu

10

05

05

90


xxiii

1

New- 14-6-4

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shbf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shbf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shbf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shbf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shi|yd Wmfoiai|yd Wmfoiai|yd Wmfoiai|yd Wmfoiai|yd Wmfoia

2

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 1 ( jHjidhl;ajh yd tys jeo.;alu wjfndaO fldg f.k

jHjidhlfhla ùfï we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 ( jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh ú.%y lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 09

bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M, (((((

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq isiqkag my; i|yka bf.kqï M,

w;alr .; yels h'

• jHjidhl;ajh ms<snò iajlSh woyi m%ldY lsÍug'

• jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh yd ne`ÿKq my; i|yka uQ,sl mo ,sys,a niska meyeÈ,s lsÍug

• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh'

• kfjda;amdokh'

• wjodkï ndr .ekSu '

• fiiq ksIamdok iïm;aj,g idfmalaIj jHjidhl;ajfhys iqúfYaI;ajh idlÉPd

lsÍug'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoiamdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoiamdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoiamdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoiamdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o" ta yd iïnkaO j

fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKq ms<sn| j o" ukd jegySula ,nd.kak' wk;=rej my; i|yka

Wmfoia flf¾ wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• jHdjidhl;ajfha úldYkh ÿçka meyeÈ,s lr" jHdjidhl;ajh ms<sn| úoaj;=ka

bÈßm;a lr we;s u; lsysmhla bosßm;a lrkak' tys§ jHdjidhl;ajh ms<sn| kQ;k

w¾:l:k bÈßm;a lr tajd ú.%y lrkak'

• weuqKqqu 1'1'1 ys i|yka ls%hdldrlfuys isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

• fuys § Tn yd isiqka okakd jHjidhlhl= ksoiqka f,i f.k Tjqkaf.a ksIamdos;j,

iajNdjh" Tjqkaf.a kj ksIamdos; " jHdmdrfha we;s ù we;s ÈhqKqj ms<snò j § we;s úIh

ks¾foaYfha wka;¾.; lreKq u;= jk whqßka idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• wjia:djla ;sfíkï" id¾:l jHjidhlfhl= f.kajd Tyq fuf;la wd .uka uÕ

ms<sn| j isiqka iuÕ idlÉPd lsÍug bv i,iajkak'

• jHjidhl;ajh ms<snò § we;s u; meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § tu u; i|yd mokï jk lreKq

;yjqre lrkak'

• l=vd jHdmdr jYfhka mj;ajd f.k hk jHjidhlhska o" l=vd jHdmdr f,i wdrïN

lr miq j úYd, f,i ÈhqKq ù we;s jHjidhlhska o" wka;¾ cd;sl f,i jHdmdr lghq;=

lrk jHjidhlhska o isák nj;a" i|yka lr Tjqkaf.a kj ksmehqï wod< lr .ksñka

idlÉPdj fmdaIKh lrkak'

• jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh yd neÿKq uQ,sl mo ms<snò mdvfï § m%fõYh iòyd my; i|yka

;s;a kjh hd lsÍfï l%shdldrlu bÈßm;a lrkak'

3

New- 14-6-4

'

• ks¾udKYS,S j is;Sfuka by; ls%hdldrlu ksjerÈ j l< yels nj mjikak' wk;=rej

jHjidhl;ajh yd ne¢ uq,sl ixl,am jk ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" kfjda;amdokh yd wjodkïne¢ uq,sl ixl,am jk ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" kfjda;amdokh yd wjodkïne¢ uq,sl ixl,am jk ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" kfjda;amdokh yd wjodkïne¢ uq,sl ixl,am jk ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" kfjda;amdokh yd wjodkïne¢ uq,sl ixl,am jk ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" kfjda;amdokh yd wjodkï

Ndr .ekSu Ndr .ekSu Ndr .ekSu Ndr .ekSu Ndr .ekSu hk ixl,am y÷kajd fokak' tlsfkl ixl,am w;r mj;akd wka;¾

iïnkaO;dj fmkajd fokak' ks¾udKYS,s;ajh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § ks¾udKYS,s;ajhg

ndOdldÍ jk idOl ms<sn| j o" ks¾udKYS,s;ajh j¾Okh lr.; yels wdldrh ms<sn| j o

ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrkak' kfjda;amdokh iòyd wjYH N+ñh" Y%uh" m%d.aOkh hk iïm;a

;snqK;a jHjidhlhska odhl fkdù ksmehqï ìys fkdjk nj fmkajd fokak' ta wkqj

jHjidhlhskaf.a jeo.;alu ;yjqre lrkak'

• ksmqK;d uÜgu wjidkfha fojrK iajNdjfha m%Yak 10 la muK ms<sfh, lr isiqka

,jd wNHdi lrjkak'

kso(

1' ksIamdok iïm;a w;r jvd jeo.;a iïm; jkafka jHjidhl;ajhhs' î;Hhs$wi;Hhs&

2' " jHjidhl;ajh" mqoa.,hka ;=< mj;sk Wiia fm!reI .=Khls' i;Hhs$wi;Hhs&

3' jHjidhl;ajh mqoa.,hka ;=< j¾Okh ù we;af;a b;d uE;l§ h' î;Hhs$wi;Hhs&

;s;a 09 lvodishl ,shd .ekSug i,iajd th ir, f¾Ld y;rla ^04& la muKla

Wmfhda.S lrf.k" fláld,hla ;=< §^úkdä 2 l § muK & mEk fkdTijd hd lrk f,i

isiqkag okajkak' th id¾:l j ksu l< isiqkaf.ka flfkl= bÈßhg le|jd yqKq mqjrefõ

i|yka ;s;a kjh hd lrk wdldrh wdo¾Ykh lrkak'

A

N+ñh --------------

Y%uh --------------

m%d.aOkh --------------

jHdjidhl;ajh --------------

B

"A" ,ehsia;=fõ jpkj,g .e,fmk fhÿï " B " ,ehsia;=fjka f;dard tajdfha wxl

ysia;ek u; ,shkak'

4' wuqøjH

5' fjkila we;s lsÍu

6' c,h

7' uyd ud¾.

8' úÿy,am;s

9' r:jdyk

10' NdKav$ fiajdj,g jákdlula ,nd§u

1' .KldêldÍjrhd2' hkaf;%damlrK yd fuj,ï3' kfjda;amdok ìyslsÍu

• • •

• • •

• • •

>• • •

• • •

• • •

• by;

4

New- 14-6-4

• Y%S ,xld jHjidhl;aj iïudk ,nd.;a jHjidhlhska ms<snò f;dr;=re /ia lrjkak

;lafiarelrK yd we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (

• ks¾udKYS,s;ajh" kfjda;amdokh yd wjodkï ±Íu hk uQ,sl mo we;=<;a j jHjidhl;ajh

ixl,amh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh yd neÈ my; iòyka uQ,sl moj, w¾:h ir< j meyeÈ,s

lrhs'

i ks¾udKYS,s;ajh

ii kfjda;amdok nj

iii wjodkï ±Íu

• N+ñh" Y%uh" m%d.aOkh hk iïm;aj,g jvd jHjidhl;aj ixl,amh fjkiajk

wdldrh;a tu iïm;a ksIamdokh iòyd Ndú; lsÍug jHjidhla;jh w;HjYH nj;a

;yjqre lrhs'

ì%iag,aafndaâ fyda äuhs fld<hl mqoa.,hl=f.a rEmhla we| tys my; i|yka wjhj kï

lrkak'

1' wei 2' fud<h 3' lk 4' kdih 5' fn,a, 6' yoj;

7' lg 8' w;a 9' w;a weÕs,s 10' mdo 11' md weÕs,s 12' fld÷ kdráh

Ñ;%h mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tu rEmfha i|yka tlsfkl wjhj mqoa.,hl=g m%fhdackj;a

jkafka ukaoehs isiqkaf.ka úuikak' isiq m%;spdr yqKq mqjrefõ i|yka lrkak' wk;=rej

tu wjhj jHdjidhlhl= m%fhdackhg .kakd wdldrh my; i|yka f;dr;=re mokï

lrf.k idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak' fuys§ jhdjidhlhd idudkH mqoa.,fhl=g jvd

iqúfYaIS pß;hla nj ;yjqre lsßu wjYH fõ'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï' .=Kd;aul fhojqï' .=Kd;aul fhojqï' .=Kd;aul fhojqï' .=Kd;aul fhojqï'

• 10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd;' 1 mßÉfþoh

• weuqKqu 1'1'1 ys we;=<;a ls%hdldrlu'

uq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,am

• jHdjidhl;ajh'

• ks¾udKYS,ss;ajh'

• kfjda;amdokh'

• wjodkï oeÍu'

• ksIamdok iïm;a'

5

New- 14-6-4

01' wei - jHdmdr wjia:d .fõIKhg yd oelaula we;slr .ekSu i|yd'

02' fud,h - ks¾udKd;aul woyia ckkh lsßu i|yd'

03' lk - oekqu iy m<mqreoao we;s whf.a Wmfoiaj,g weyqïlka §u

i|yd'

04' kdih - mßirfha we;sjk fjkiaùï wd.%yKh lsÍu i|yd'

05' fn,a, - wjodkï ord .ekSu i|yd'

06' yoj; - lemùu" oeä W;aiyjka;nj yd wruqKq bgqjk úg we;sjk

wNsudkh ú|ord .ekSu i|yd

07' lg - M,odhS ikaksfõokhla mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd'

08' w;a - id¾:l;ajhg Wrfok lKavdhï idudðlhska je<|.ekSu i|yd

'09' w;a weÕs,s - w;ajer§ï $wid¾:l;ajhkaj,ska ,o bf.kqï wjia:d .Kkh

lsÍu i|yd'

10' mdo - we;sjk ndod u.yer hdu i|yd'

11' md weÕs,s - ÿIalr iy wjodkï ud¾.j, weúohdu i|yd'

12' fld÷ kdráh - wd;au úYajdih we;sj bÈßhg hdu i|yd '

6

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( jHjidhl;ajh yd tys jeo.;alu wjfndaO fldg f.k

jHjidhlfhl= ùfï we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 ( jHjidhl;ajh yd jHdmdr w;r wfkHdakh iïnkaO;dj úuihs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 06

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

• jHdmdrj, iajNdjh idlÉPd lsÍug'

• jHjidhlhd yd jHdmdßlhd w;r iudklï bÈßm;a lsÍug'

• jHmdßlhd yd jHjidhlhd w;r fjkialï bÈßm;a lsÍug'

• jHjidhlhska j¾. ksoiqka olajñka meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd iïnkaOj

fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKq ms<sn| j o ukd jegySula ,nd .kak' wk;=rej my; i|yka


• " jHdmdr hkq l=ula ±hs " úuiñka nqoaê l,ïNkhla u.ska isiq m%;spdr ,nd .kak

^úkdä 05 la m%udKj;a h&'

• isiq m%;spdr ie,ls,a,g .ksñka jHdmdr ixl,amh yd jHdmdrj, .;s ,CIK ms<snò

ye|skaùula lrkak'

• jHdmdßlhd yd jHjidhlhd w;r fjkialï meyeÈ,s lsÍfï § weuqKqu 1'2'1 ys we;=<;a

iïuqL idlÉPdj m%fhdackhg .kak ' fuys § udOHfõÈhd" pß;a yd úYaj hk pß; 3

iòyd isiqka ;sfofkl= f;dard f.k N+ñld rx.khla $ iïuqL idlÉPdjla weiqßka th

mx;shg bÈßm;a l< yels h' bka wk;=rej jHjidhlhd yd jHdmdßlhd hk pß;

foflys fjkialï yd iudklï wkdjrKh lrkak'

• jHdmdr jHdjidhlhska " iudchSh jHdjidhlhska yd wdNHka;ßl jHdjidhlhska

i|yd ksoiqka olajkak'

• isiqka okakd jHdmdßlhl= fyda jHdjidhlhl= ms<sn| my; i|yka f;dr;=re /ia lr

bÈßm;a lsÍug Wmfoia ,nd fokak' tys §"

• jHdjidhlhska$ jHdmdßlhska 5 fofkl= y÷kd .ekSu'

• Tjqkaf.a jHdmdrj, kï yd Tjqka jHdmdßlfhla o jHdjidhlfhla o hkak fya;=

iys; j úksYaph lsÍu' ta i|yd my; i|yka j.=j m%fhdackhg .kak'

10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd;'

7

New- 14-6-4

jHdmdrfha ku whs;slre jHjidhlfhlao tfia ;SrKh

jHdmdßlfhla o lsÍug fya;=j

1'

2'

3'

4'

5'

jHdmdßlhd

jHdmdßlhd

jHdmdßlhd

jHdmdßlhd

jHdmdßlhd

jHdjidhlhd

jHdjidhlhd

jHdjidhlhd

jHdjidhlhd

jHdjidhlhd

my; j.=fõ i|yka m%ldY isiqkag bÈßm;a lr ta ta m%ldYj, i|yka mqoa.,hd

jHdmdßlfhlao @ jHdjidhlfhlao hkak ;SrKh lr ta ta m%ldY bÈßfha wod< ia:dkfha

zz PZZ ,l=K fh§ug Wmfoia fokak' wk;=rej ta ta mqoa.,hd jHdjidhlhl= f,i

ie,lSug fyda fkdie,lSug fya;= idlÉPd lrkak'

01' ksu,a mßirfha we;s jk fjkiaùïj,g m%;spdr

olajñka" m%;s,dN w;alr .kshs'

02' mì,siaf.a jHdmdrh wo;a tod mßÈ u h'

03' úmq,fiak úÿy,am;sjrhd jeiShdug wdikak j ;snQ

mdi,la ckm%sh mdi,la njg m;a lf<a h'

04' ì,af.aÜia mß.Kl jHdmdr lafIa;%fha oejeka;fhls'

05' iqjò ú,jqka yd wdf,amk j¾. is,a,r fj<òdfï fhfok

úu,fiak" iajlSh NdKav f.kaf.g f.dia

úlsKSfï jev ms<sfj<lska b;d id¾:l m%;sM,

,enQfjls'

06' fudag¾ r: wu;r fldgia úl=Kk chfiak" Tyqf.a

jHdmdrh wdikakfha wdrïN lsÍug hk tjeks u

jHdmdrhla iòyd ks;r ndOd lrhs'

07' .;a Kh f.jd .ekSug fkdyels j" rEmfiak ;u

jHdmdrh jid ±ó h'

08' wl¾ukH j mej;s rcfha frday,la" ienE iqjfi;

i,ik frday,a mßY%hla njg mßj¾;kh lsÍug tys

kj wOHCIjrhd iu;a ù we;'

09' chfiak Tyqg ysñ ;S%frdao r: lsysmhla k.rfha l=,shg ÿjjhs'

10' frdâßf.da iajlSh j.d lghq;= i|yd ldnksl

fmdfydr Ndú;hg udreùfuka by< m%;s,dN w;alr .kshs'

8

New- 14-6-4

;lafiarelrK yd we.hsï ks¾Kdhl (

• jHdmdrj, .;s ,CIK we;=<;a jk mßÈ jHdmdr ixl,amh meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• jHdmdßlhd yd jHjidhlhd w;r mj;sk iudk ,CIK bÈßm;a lrhs'

• jHjidhlhd;a jHdmdßlhd;a hk fofokdf.a fjkialï ixikaokd;aul j olajhs'

• jHdmdr jHjidhlhska" iudchSh jHjidhlhska yd wNHka;ßl jHjidhlhska iòyd

ksoiqk ne.ska olajhs'

• weuqKqu 1'2'1 g wod< udOH idlÉPdfõ msgm;a ;=kla'

mßÉfþoh 2

.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï

10 fY%aKsfha fm< fmd;•

uq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,am

• wjYH;d yd jqjukd

• jHdmdr

• jHdmdßlhd yd jHdjidhlhd

• jHdmdr jHdjidhlhska

• iudchSh jHdjidhlhska

• wNHka;ßl jHdjidhlhska

9

New- 14-6-4

weuqKqu 1'2'1

udOH idlÉPdj

my; ±lafjkafka zz Business ZZ rEmjdyskS jev igyfka udOHdfõÈfhl= ±kg jHdmdr

lghq;=j, fhfok m%isoaO mqoa.,hska fofofkl= iu`. l< iïuqL idlÉPdjl f;dr;=re h'

udOHfõÈhd ( Tnf.a jHdmdr lghq;= .ek fláfhka mejiqjfyd;a'

pß;a ( uf.a mshd lrf.k wd jHdmdrh uu;a lr f.k hkjd' uu taflka

iEySulg m;a fjkjd' uf.a mshd biair m%foaYfha ckm%sh jHdmdßlfhla

úYaj ( fï jHdmdrh wfma iShf.ka ;d;a;g wd tlla ' fofokd u lf<a hlv

yd jdfka WmlrK yok jev m<la' uu wo uq`M;ekaf.ghs f.dúm,ghs

´k lrk WmlrK fndfyduhla yo, fjf<|fmd<g imhkjd'

udOHfõÈhd ( ±ka fï m%foaYfha w¨;a jHdmdr fndfyduhla wdrïN fj,d fkao@

ta .ek Tn fudkjdo ys;kafka'

pß;a ( tal kï .eg¨jla ;ud' ta;a fu;kg u mqreÿ jQ .kqfokqlrefjda

bkakjdfka ta wh uf.;a tlal .kqfokq lrkjd'

úYaj ( tal fndfydu fydò fohla' fï m%foaYhg tk .kqfokqlrefjda jeä

Wkdu uf. jHdmdrhg;a ta wh tkjd' Tjqka wdl¾IKh lr .ekSug

uu ±k .kak ´k'

udOHfõÈhd ( Tfí wkd.; ie,iqï fudkjdo @

pß;a ( jHdmdrh fï úÈhg u lrf.k hkjd' jeä fjkialï lrkak

.sfhd;a fudkjd fjhso lshkak neyefka' uf.ka miafi uf.a

orefjd fï jHdmdrh ÈhqKq lrf.k hdú'

úYaj ( fu;ku /fòkak woyila keye' rfÜ f;dfÜ isÿjk foa n,,d

jHdmdrh ta wkqj ÈhqKq lr .kak jev ms<sfj<la ;shkjd'

udOHfõÈhd ( biair jf.a fkfjhs' wo msgrgj,a iuÕ lrk .kqfokq by<

.syska' ta .ek Tn fudlo ys;kafk'

pß;a ( msgrg NdKavj, ku ú;rhs' Bg jeäh fyd| foaj,a ,xldfõ

ksmojkjd' mdßfNda.slfhda ñ, wvq kï .kakjd'

úYaj ( f,dalfha fudkjo fjkafk lsh,d oekf.k bkak ´k'

mdßfNda.slfhda wo nqoaêu;a' wefÕa .y, úl=Kkak neye' Tjqkag

wjYH foa fokak wms oek .kak ´k'

10

New- 14-6-4

újD; wkaO

ieÕjqkq fkdokakd

OpenBlind

Hidden Unknown

wka wh okakd

wka wh fkdokakd

;ud okakd ;uka fkdokakd

ksmqK;dj 1'0 ( jHjidhl;ajh yd tys jeo.;alu wjfndaO fldg f.k

jHjidhlhl= ùfï we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'3 ( jHjidhlhskaf.a iqúfYaIS .;s ,CIK úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 09

bf.kqïM, (

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq " isiqkag my; i|yka bf.kqï M,

w;alr .; yels h'

• fok ,o .;s ,CIK w;=ßka jHjidhlhskag iqúfYaIS jQ .;s ,CIK fjka fldg

oelaùug'

• jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK iajlSh .;s ,CIK iu`. .,mñka ;ud ;=< mj;akd

jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK biau;= lr oelaùug'

• fok ,o jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK ú.%y lsÍug'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia



Wmfoia flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh iòyd l%Svdjla fhdackd

flf¾' tu l%Svdjg yd mdvug msúiSu i|yd my; ±lafjk zzfcdaydß ljqMj ixl,amhZZ

mx;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

• fï i|yd YsIHfhl= mka;sh bÈßhg le|jkak' bka miqj tu YsIHhd ms<sn|j f;dr;=re

wfkla isiqkaf.ka úuikak' ,efnk f;dr;=re wkqj fcdaydß ljqMj iïmq¾K lrkak'

fcdaydß ljq`Mj

11

New- 14-6-4

• " fkdokakd" fldgi wvq ùu jvd jeo.;a nj ;yjqre lrkak'

• tfiau ;uka ;=< we;s Yla;Ska iy ÿ¾j,;d wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï jeo.;alu o

fmkajd fokak'

my; i|yka l%Svdj iòyd § we;s Wmfoia ukdj wOHhkh lrkak'

l%Svdj .ek iudf,dapkhla lsÍu iòyd tl <Õ ld,Éfþo folla fhdod .ekSu

wjYH fõ'

l%Svdj lsÍfuka miq tla tla jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIKh meyeÈ,s lrkak'

jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï l%Svdj i|yd Wmfoia ( jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï l%Svdj i|yd Wmfoia ( jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï l%Svdj i|yd Wmfoia ( jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï l%Svdj i|yd Wmfoia ( jHjidhl;aj .;s ,CIK wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï l%Svdj i|yd Wmfoia (

• mka;sh lKavdhï follg fyda jeä .Kklg fjka lrkak'

• lKavdhïj,g mqj;am;a lvodis ;=k ne.ska ,nd fokak'

• iqÿiq ia:dkhla f;dard f.k my; rEm igyfka mßÈ fmÜáhla

^fi' ó 30 muK È." fi'ó' 20 muKla m<," fi'ó' 10 muK Wi& ;nd t;eka isg

iudk mr;rhlska ^mshjrla" folla muK jk& 1" 2" 3" 4 5" 6" wd§ f,i udhsï

,l=Kq lrkak'

6 5 4 3 2 1

• ,nd ÿka lvodisj,ska .=<ss ilia lr .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'

• lKavdhfï tla tla idudcslhd idod.;a lvodis .=<ss ,l=Kq lrk ,o

udhsïj,ska leu;s ia:dkhl isg fmÜáh ;=<g m;s; jkfia ouk f,ig Wmfoia

fokak'

• id¾:l m;s; lsÍula i|yd lS%vd l< ia:dkhg ysñ wxlh ,l=Kq f,i ysñ fõ'

• lS%vdjg jg ;=kls' tla idudðlfhl=g tla jghl § wjia:d ;=k ne.ska ,efí'

• m<uq jgfha § ksoyia j l%Svd lsÍug i,iajkak' fojk jgfha § ,l=Kq ,nd .ekSug

ndOd jk mßÈ wka whg Wml%u fh§ug yels nj o" ;=kajk jgfha § wid¾:l

W;aidyhka iòyd lS%vd l< ia:dkfha wod< ,l=K wvq lrk nj o" tla tla ;rÕ

jdrh wdrïNfha § ±kqï fokak'

• .=rejrhd m<uq j l%Svdj wdo¾Ykh lr fmkajkak' wk;=rej iEu lKavdhulg u

fmryqrejla iòyd wjia:djla ,nd fokak'

• lS%vdj lrk w;r;=r lKavdhï ,nd .kakd ,l=Kq yqKq $ iqÿ mqjrejl igyka lrkak'

• § we;s l%Svdj lrk w;r;=r l%Svd lrk isiqkaf.a yeisÍï fyd`Èka ksÍCIKh lr" tajd

u;l ;nd f.k l%shdldrlu iudf,dapk wjia:dfõ tu ksÍCIK jHjidhl;aj

.;s,CIK iu. iiòñka bÈßm;a lrkak'

10

2030

•

•

•

•

12

New- 14-6-4

• ,l=Kq ,nd .ekSfï rgdj" isiqkaf.a yeisÍï" yd l%Svd ú,dYh úYaf,aIKh lsÍu fuys

we;s b;d jeo.;a fldgila fõ'

• l%Svdj lrk w;r;=r" isiqkag fmfkk fia ,l=Kq §u isÿ l< hq;= w;r ta iòyd l%Svdjg

iyNd.s fkdjk isiqka fhdod.; yels h'

• lS%vdj b;d ;r`.ldÍ whqßka mj;ajd f.k hdug W;aidy lrkak'

• ta ta lKavdhï yd lKavdhï ;=< idudðlhka ,nd .kakd ,l=Kq ie,ls,a,g f.k

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< wka;¾.; úIh lreKq u;= lr olajñka jHjidhl;aj

.;s,CIK meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjikaùfuka wk;=rej"

01' weuqKqu 1'3'1 ys we;=<;a iajhx jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIK we.hSfï m%Yakdj,sh

isiqkag ,nd § ^Pdhd msgm;a$ ,shd .ekSug ie,eiaùu& ñks;a;= 05 la muK ld,hla

;=< ms<s;=re ,nd.kak' m%Yakdj,shg ms<s;=re iemhSfï § b;du;a wjxl ùug o

ksjeßÈ ms<s;=re " Tõ " fyda " ke;" úh yels nj o mjikak'

02' weuqKqu 1'3'1 we;=<;a ta ta m%Yakh u.ska uekSug wfmalaId lrk jHdjidhl;aj

.;s,laIK yd wfmalaIs; m%;spdr my; i|yka mßÈ fõ' we;eï isiqka i;= j

tjeks .;s,laIK fkdue;s kï wOHdmkh" mqyqKqj yd w;aoelSï u.ska tajd ÈhqKq

lr.; yels nj ;yjqre lrkak'

03' weuqKqu 1'3'1 i|yd úh yels ms<s;=re yd ta wkqj fy<sorõ jk jHdjidhl;aj .;s

,laIK my; oelafõ'

m%Yak wxlh úh hq;= ms<s;=r jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIK

1 Tõ - wLKav W;aidyh

2 Tõ - ord .ekSfï Yla;sh3 ke; - wd;au úYajdih4 Tõ - f;dr;=re fidhd ne,Su5 Tõ - kdhl;ajh6 Tõ - iqNjd§ùu7 ke; - wNsfhda. Ndr .ekSu8 ke; - kfjda;amdok nj9 ke; - wjodkï Ndr .ekSu10 Tõ - kuHYS,S nj11 Tõ - ks¾udKYS,S;ajh12 ke; - wiSre wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug we;s keUqrej13 ke; - wNHka;r md,k m:h ^;ud úiska ;udj

md,kh flfrk nj ms<snò úiajdih&

14 Tõ - mßir ixfõ§ nj

15 Tõ - ±lau

13

New- 14-6-4

01' l=uk ndOl meñKsho" uf.a wruqKq bgq

lr .ekSu w;afkdyßñ' Tõ$ke;

02' ug ´kEu fohla ord .ekSfï yelshdj ;sfí ' Tõ$ke;

03' uf.a ±ä wfmalaId bgq fkdjQ l< uu wffO¾hg m;afjñ Tõ$ke;

04' hï ld¾hhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr uu ta ms<snò j

fndfyda f;dr;=re fidhd n,ñ' Tõ$ke;

05' uf.a woyiaj,g ug wka wh tl`. lrjd .; yelshs' Tõ$ke;

06' ud W;aidy lrk lghq;a;la id¾:l fõ hhs

±äfia úYajdi lrñ' Tõ$ke;

07' wiSre ld¾hhka lsÍug uu W;aidy fkdlrñ ' Tõ$ke;

08' .eg¨j,g kj wdldrhl úi÷ï fidhkjdg jvd

mj;sk úi÷ulska iEySulg m;afjñ' Tõ$ke;

09' w¨;a foa lsÍug f.dia wmyiq;djg m;a ùug

jvd mj;sk fohla lsÍu hym;a hhs is;ñ' Tõ$ke;

10' wjYH wjia:dj, § uu uf.a ;SrK fjkia lr

.ekSug miqng fkdfjñ' Tõ$ke;

11' fndfyda wjia:dj, uu w¨;a fohla lsÍug

leue;a; olajñ' Tõ$ke;

12' id¾:l fõ hhs is;k foa muKla lsÍug uu leue;a;la

olajñ' Tõ$ke;

13' uf.a fndfyda lghq;= id¾:l jkafka jdikdj ksid hhs

uu úYajdi lrñ' Tõ$ke;

14' mßirfha isÿjk fjkiaùï ms<snòj uu ks;r úuis,su;a fjñ' Tõ$ke;

15' wkd.;fha ljqreka úh yels oehs meyeÈ,s b,lalhla ug ;sfí' Tõ$ke;

jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIK we.hSfï m%Yakdj,sh


• jHdjidhlhskaf.a iqúfYaI .;s,laIK'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï'.=Kd;aul fhojqï'.=Kd;aul fhojqï'.=Kd;aul fhojqï'.=Kd;aul fhojqï'


• weuqKqu 1'3'1 ys we;=<;a lS%vdjg wjYH øjH'

;lafiarelrK yd we.hï ks¾Kdhl (

• isiqka ;uka ;=< ;sfnk jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIK m%ldY lrhs'

• mqoa.,hkaf.a idudkH fm!reI .;s ,CIK o jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIK o

ñY% j ÿkaúg tajdhska jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIK fjka fldg olajhs'

• fok ,o jHjidhl;aj .;s,CIKj, f;areu meyeÈ,s lrhs'

jHdjidhlhskaf.a idudkH .;s,laIK' •

^weuqKqu 1'3'1&

14

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 1 ( jHjidhl;ajh yd tys jeo.;alu wjfndaO fldgf.k

jHjidhlhl=ùfï we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;dj 1 ( jHdjidhl;ajh yd tys jeo.;alu wjfndaO fldgf.k

jHdjidhlhl=ùfï we,au m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'4 ( jHjidhl;ajfha m%;s,dN úuihs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 06

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

• lsishï mqoa.,fhl= jHjidhlfhl= ùfuka Tyqg w;aú¢h yels iqúfYaI m%;s,dN idlÉPd

lsrSug'

• we;eï mqoa.,hska Ôjfkdamdhla f,i /lshdjla f;dard .ekSug fhduq fkdù jHdmdr

lsÍu iòyd fhduq ùug fya;= bÈßm;a lsrSug'

• foaYSh wd¾Ól ixj¾Okh iòyd jHjidhlhska odhl jk whqre fmkajd oSug'

• mqoa.,fhla jHjidhlfhla ùfuka ,nk m%;s,dN yd fiajd kshqla;slfhla ùfuka

,efnk m%;s,dN ieie|Sug'

mdvï ie,iqu iòyd Wmfoia (




• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfuys § " isiqka bf.k .ekSfukaisiqka bf.k .ekSfukaisiqka bf.k .ekSfukaisiqka bf.k .ekSfukaisiqka bf.k .ekSfuka

wk;=rej wkd.;fha ljfrl= ùug wfmalaId lrkafka ±hwk;=rej wkd.;fha ljfrl= ùug wfmalaId lrkafka ±hwk;=rej wkd.;fha ljfrl= ùug wfmalaId lrkafka ±hwk;=rej wkd.;fha ljfrl= ùug wfmalaId lrkafka ±hwk;=rej wkd.;fha ljfrl= ùug wfmalaId lrkafka ±hs " úuiñka nqoaê

l,ïNkh lrkak'

• /lshd lsÍug leue;a;la /lshd lsÍug leue;a;la /lshd lsÍug leue;a;la /lshd lsÍug leue;a;la /lshd lsÍug leue;a;la olajk isiqka tla lKavdhulg o iajlShiajlShiajlShiajlShiajlSh

lghq;a;l fh§ug lghq;a;l fh§ug lghq;a;l fh§ug lghq;a;l fh§ug lghq;a;l fh§ug leue;a;la olajk isiqka ;j;a lKavdhulg o fjka fldg" tu

f;dard .ekSug fya;= ta ta lKavdhïj, isiqkaf.ka úuid lreKq wkdjrKh lr .kak'

• weuqKqu 1'4'1 ys we;=<;a isisrf.a jHdmdrhisisrf.a jHdmdrhisisrf.a jHdmdrhisisrf.a jHdmdrhisisrf.a jHdmdrh ms<snò isoaêh isiq lKavdhïj,g ,nd §

.fõIKhl fhdojkak'

• .fõIKh iòyd my; iòyka ud;Dld lKavdhïj,g ,nd § f;dr;=re /ia lrkak'

1' jHdmdrfhka isisrg ,efnk m%;s,dN

• tu lreKq o wod< lr .ksñka jHjidhl;ajfhka ,efnk m%;s,dN ms<snò wjfndaOh

,nd fokak'

• jHjidhl;ajfhka foaYSh wd¾Ólhg ,efnk m%;s,dN ms<sn| j oekqj;a lsÍfï §

m%YaklrKh" foaYk yd idlÉPd l%uh wkq.ukh l< yels h' tys § jHdjidhlhska

jHdmdr wdrïN lsÍu yd jeäÈhqKq lr .ekSu ksid ,nk m%fhdack ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka

úuiñka yd m%Yak lrñka idlÉPdjla fufyhjd wod< úIh lreKq u;= lr .kak' tys

§ ksoiqka bÈßm;a lsÍu o wfmalaId flf¾'

wk;=rej

2' jHdmdrfhka rgg ,efnk m%;s,dN

15

New- 14-6-4

wod< jk wdldrh i|yka lrkak' fuh flaj, fyda lKavdhï ls%hdldrlula f,i mejßh

yelsh'

fiajd jHjidhlhd

kshqla;slhd

• bmhqu ms<snò wjodku

• wdodhfï yeisÍu

• iajlSh ;SrK l%shd;aul lsÍfï yelshdj

• wjYH flfrk wOHdmkh yd fjk;a iqÿiqlï

• ksoyi yd iajdëk nj

• iajlSh úNj;d $ yelshdj,ska m< m%fhdack

.ekSu

• iajlSh Y%uh fhoúh yels ld,h

^jhia ld,h yd Èkl ld,h&

• kshe,S isák lghq;=j, taldldÍ nj fyda

úúO;ajh

• idfmalaI jYfhka Ôjk;;a;ajh $uÜgu

• iudchSh ms<s.ekSu

fuu wNHdih we.hSulg ,la lr m%;sfmdaIK ,nd fokak'

;lafiarelrK yd we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (

• hï wfhla jHdjidhlfhla ùfuka Tyqg u w;ajk m%;s,dN 05 la m%ldY lrhs'

• mqoa.,hka jHdmdr lsÍu i|yd fhduqjk idOl 05 la m%ldY lrhs'

• jHjidhl;ajfhka wd¾Ólhg w;ajk m%;s,dN 06 la meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• mqoa.,fhla /lshd,dNsfhla ùfuka yd jHdjidhlfhla ùfuka ,efnk m%;s,dN

ikaikaokh lrhs'

weuqKqu - 1'4'1

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ' .=Kd;aul fhojqï ' .=Kd;aul fhojqï ' .=Kd;aul fhojqï ' .=Kd;aul fhojqï '


weuqKqu 1'3'1 g wod< j m%udKj;a msgm;a'


• jHdjidhl;ajfhka mqoa.,hkag ,efnk m%;s,dN

•

m%;s,dN i|yd i,ld n,k idOl

16

New- 14-6-4

isisrf.a jHdmdrh

isirf.a jhi wjqreÿ 40 ls' Tyq ud;r mÈxÑj isà' isisr ud;rg meñfKk úg Tyq

isáfha ;reK úfha h' Tyqf.a mshd fiajh lf<a wdmk Yd,jl wrlaleñhl= f,i h'

mdif,ka bj;a ùfuka miq Tyq ld¾ñl wdh;khlg we;=<;a j" oE wjqreÿ we`ÿï ueiSfï

mdGud,djla yeoEÍ h' mdGud,dj wjika lsÍfuka miq ud;r m%foaYfha msysá w`ÿï uik

wdh;khl fiajhg ne÷fka h'

Tyq tu wdh;kfha wjqreÿ folla fiajh fldg w;aoelSï ,nd .ekSfuka miq

;udf.a u jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug ;SrKh lf<a h' jHdmdrh iòyd jdKsc nexl=jlska

Kh uqo,la ,nd f.k" Tyqf.a b;=reïj,g wu;r j th jHdmdrhg fhdojk ,§'

;u lghq;=j,g myiq jQ fyhska Tyqf.a ksji wi, msysá fjf<o uOHia:dkhl

ldurhla isisr l=,shg .;af;a h ' Tyq uyk ueIska y;rla yd frÈ ñ, § f.k" wk;=rej

we`ÿï lemSu iy ueiSu iòyd olaI we`ÿï uikakka y;r fofkl= nòjd .kakd ,§' uQ,sl

jYfhka Tyq .jqï" l,siï iy lñi ksIamdokh lf<a h' mdßfNda.slhska yg meñK

ñ,§ .eksu iòyd Tyq ;u ksIamdok fjf<òif,a m%o¾Ykh lrk ,§' miqj ks, we`ÿï

iemhSu iòyd weKjqï isisr Ndr .kakd ,§' fuu weKjqï iïmQ¾K lr .ekSu iòyd Tyqg

olaI mQ¾Kld,Sk fiajlhska mia fofkl= iy w¾Old,Sk fiajlhska fofofkl= wjYH

úh' Tyqg ;j;a jeämqr uyk ueIska ;=kla ñ,§ .ekSug o isÿ úh' isisrg tu weKjqï

iïmQ¾K lsßug yels jQ w;r" Tyqf.a mdßfNda.slhka ksIamdok ms<snòj i;=gg o m;a úh'

Tyqf.a jHdmdrh mq`M,a úu;a iu`. u Tyqg jeä bvlv m%udKhla wjYH jQ fyhska k.rfha

m%isoaO ia:dkhl msysá úYd, f.dvke.s,a,la Tyq fï iòyd ñ, § .kakd ,§' Tyq wdh;k

folla iòyd wLKav j ks, we`ÿï iemhq w;r u" fjk;a mdßfNda.slhka yg úlsKSu iòyd

o we`ÿï ks¾udKh lrk ,§' fï wjia:dfõ § Tyqg jHdmdrfha uqo,a mßyrKh yd .kqfokq

jd¾;dj, jev lghq;= lsÍu iòyd .sKqï ,smslrefjla iy Tyqf.a jHdmdßl lghq;= iòyd

iydhlfhl= fiajhg nòjd .ekSug isÿ úh'

Tyqf.a ksIamdok foaYsh mdßfNda.slhska w;r iy úfoaYsh fjf<ò fmd< mdßfNda.slhska

w;r m%isoaO lsÍu iòyd isisr úiska fld<U m%foaYfha m%o¾Ykhla ixúOdkh lrk

,§' uq,a m%o¾Yk fol wjidk ùu;a iu`.u wi,ajeis tla rglg Tyqf.a ksIamdok

wmkhkh lsÍu iòyd Tyqg wjia:dj ,enqKs'

17

New- 14-6-4

isisr Tyqf.a mdßfNda.slhskayg ys;j;a h' Tyqf.a wjxlNdjh ksid mdßfNda.slhska Tyqg

we¨ï lrhs' Tyqf.a fiajlhska o Tyqg we¨ï lrk w;r" Tjqyq mlaImd;S j iy fiajhg lem

ù jev lr;s' Tyqf.a fiajlhskaf.a mia fofkla jir oyhlg jvd fuu jHdmdrfhys

fiajh lr we;' Tyqf.a fiajlfhda iy mdßfNda.slfhda Tyqj zz*eIkaZZ hk wkaj¾: kdufhka

wu;;s' Tyq tu kduhg leu;s ksid th ms<sf.k we;' isisr Tyqf.a fiajlhska yg fydò

jegqmla f.jhs' Tyq Tjqka fjkqfjka rlaIK l%uhla o ixúOdkh lr we;' Tjqkaf.a udisl

jegqmg wu;r j .uka úhoï iòyd §ukdjla o f.jkq ,efí' Tyqf.a fiajlhka yg

/lshdfõ Wiiaùï ,nd §ug o Tyq lghq;= lr we;'

úfYaI Wmfoia

• jHjidhl;aj m%;s,dN ms<snòj isiqka ±kqj;a lsÍu i|yd iïm;a odhlhka o fhdojd .;

yels h' ta wkqj Tjqkaf.a foaYkhlg ijka §ug i,iajd wod< úIh lreKq u;= lr

.ekSfï l%shdldrlul fhoùug o yels h'

18

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 2 ( l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhl jHjidhlfhl= úiska bgq lrk N+ñld

úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'1 ( jHjidhl;ajh yd l=vd mßudK jHdmdr w;r we;s inò;dj

wkdjrKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 06

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj, .;s,CIK meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

• Y%S ,xldj jeks wd¾Ólhlg l=vd mßudK jHdmdr m%fhdackj;a jk wkaou

fmkajd §ug'

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdr wid¾:l ùug ;=vq fok lreKq msgq ±lSu i|yd fhdackd

bÈßm;a lsÍug'





• m%foaYfha we;s l=vd jHdmdr wdh;k ksoiqka f,i bÈßm;a fldg tajdfha we;s

fmdÿ ,CIK fudkjd ±hs wiñka nqoaê l,ïnkhl isiqka fhdojkak'

• isiq m%;spdr ie,ls,a,g f.k l=vd jHdmdr yd tajdfha ,CIK u;= jkfia

idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• l=vd jHdmdr iïnkaOfhka wdh;k fyda mqoa.,hka ±lajQ ks¾jpk folla mx;shg

bÈßm;a lrkak'

• bka miqj foaYk yd idlÉPd l%uh Ndú; lrñka wod< úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s

lsßug lghq;= lrkak'

• yelskï m%foaYfha id¾:l j mj;sk jHdmdr wdh;khla fj; ksÍCIK pdßldjl

fh§ my; lreKqj,g wod< f;dr;=re wkdjrKh lrkak'

• jHdmdrfha wdrïNl wjêh yd jHdmdrfha j¾;udk ;;a;ajh'

• tu jHdmdrfha .;s,laIK'

• isiqka y`ÿkd .kakd" jHdmdrfha Yla;Ska yd ÿ¾j,;d'

• jHdmdrh ;jÿrg;a j¾Okh lr .ekSu iòyd isiqkaf.a fhdackd'

19

New- 14-6-4

• ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjidkfha § isiqka my; l%shdldrlïj, fhdojkak'

• mka;sfha isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhïj,g fnokak'

• my; ±lafjk ud;Dld l=im;a we§fuka ta ta lKavdhïj,g mjrkak'

i Y%S ,xldjg l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj, we;s jeo.;alu'

ii l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj, Yla;Ska yd iSud'

iii l=vd mßudK jHdmdr id¾:l lr .ekSug fhdackd'

• my; ±lafjk fldkafoais hgf;a ±kqu ñkqu ;r`.hla mj;ajkak'

• m%:ufhka wxl i ud;Dldj ,enqKq lKavdhug Tjqka y÷kd.;a tla ms<s;=rla

bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd fokak ^ld,h ;;amr 30 hs&'

• tu lKavdhfuka bÈßm;a jk wfhla ud;Dldjg wod< ms<s;=rla ÿkafka kï

,l=Kq 10 la msßkukak'

• kshñ; ld,h ;=< tu lKavdhfuka ms<s;=rla fkd,efí kï tu wjia:dj fiiq

lKavdhulg ,nd fokak' tu lKavdhfuka ,nd fok ms<s;=rla iòyd ,l=Kq

05 ,nd fokak'

• fiiq ud;Dld i|yd o by; ms<sfj, wkq.ukh lrkak'

• fuf,i jrlg tla ms<s;=r ne.ska ,nd .ksñka jg myla ;rÕh mj;ajkak'

• bf.k .;a úIh lreKq ;jÿrg;a ;yjqre lr .ekSu iòyd my; i|yka l%shdldrlïj,

isiqka fhoùug fhdackd flf¾'

",xld ud;dj fmdaIKh lrk l=vd jHdmdr " jeks wdl¾IkSh ud;Dldjla Tiafia

• rpkdjla ks¾udKh lsßug fyda

• l:djla meje;aùug wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

• jHdmdßlhka fjkqfjka m< lrk fyda mdie,a i`.rdjlg bÈßm;a lrk

,smshla ke;fyd;a

• mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;a m;g ,smshla ilia lrjkak'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgfï úIh lreKq wdjrKh lrñka fojrK j¾.fha m%Yak 10 la muK

we;=<;a ,ehsia;=jla mka;shg bÈßm;a lr m%;spdr ,nd .kak'

ksoiqka

• ´kEu wd¾Ólhl jvd jeo.;a jHdmdr wxYh jkafka l=vd mßudK jHdmdr fõ'

î;Hhhs$wi;Hhhs&

l=vd mßudK jHdmdr y`ÿkajkq ,nkafka wdfhdackh lr

we;s m%d.aOk jákdlu mokï lr f.k h' î;Hhhs$wi;Hhhs&

• fndfyda id¾:l jHjidhlhkaf.a uQ,drïNh l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhls'

î;Hhhs$wi;Hhhs&

• fjf<òfmd< wjldY l=vd mßudK jHdmdßlhkag msúiSu iòyd

bv m%ia:d Wodlrhs' î;Hhhs$wi;Hhhs&

• kfjda;amdokj,ska jeä m%;sY;hla ìysjkafka l=vd jHdmdr j,ska h'

î;Hhhs$wi;Hhhs&

•

20

New- 14-6-4

;lafiarelrK yd we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj, ±lsh yels ,CIK 06 la m%ldY lrhs'

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdr u.ska Y%S ,xldjg ,efnk m%;s,dN 06 la olajhs'

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdr wid¾:l ùug n,mdk fya;= 05 la iòyka lrhs'

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdr wid¾:l ùug ;=vq fok lreKq j<ld .ekSug .; yels

l%shdud¾. fhdackd lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï 10 fY%aKsh fm< fmd; - 4 mßÉfþoh

l=vd mßudK jHdmdr ms<sn| ks¾jpk


l=vd mßudK jHdmdrj,ska ,efnk m%;s,dNl=vd mßudK jHdmdrj, ÿ¾j,;d

•

•

•

•

•

l=vd mßudK jHdmdr

21

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 2 ( l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhl jHjidhlfhl= úiska bgq lrk N+ñld

úu¾YKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'2 ( l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhla l=< jHjidhlfhl= bgq lrk m%Odk

N+ñld wOHhkh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 05

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

• jHjidhlfhla iajlSh jHdmdrh ;=< bgq lrk m%Odk N+ñld meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

• jHdmdrhla ;=< jHjidhlfhl=f.a fok ,o N+ñldjl ld¾hhka oelaùug'

• jHjdidhlfhl=f.a tla tla N+ñld jHdmdr id¾:l;ajhg n,mdk whqre idlÉPd lsÍug'

mdvï ie,iu i|yd Wmfoia (




• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgfï m%:u mdvug msúiSu i|yd isxyhd" ldka;dj yd ovhlalre (Lion,

Lady, Hunter) lS%vdj fhdod.; yels h' tla tla pß;h u.ska úúO N+ñld rÕ olajk nj

lS%vdj u.ska isiqkag ta;a;= .ekaúh yels h' ^Wmfoia i|yd weuqKqu 2'2'1 n,kak'&

• my; i|yka wdldrfha ls%hdldrlula u.ska l<ukdlrK yd kdhl;aj N+ñldjg wh;a

ld¾hhka wkdjrKh lr .ekSu i|yd isiqka fhduq l< yels h'

mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï follg fnod my; ud;Dld fol lKavdhï folg ,nd

fokak'

1. úÿy,am;s;=udf.a l<ukdlrK N+ñldj

• ;u mdif,a úÿy,am;s;=udf.a$;=ñhf.a ld¾hhka wOHhkh fldg lKavdhug ,enqKq

ud;Dldjg wod< j ld¾hhka ,ehsia;=.; lsÍug lKavdhug Wmfoia fokak'

• isiqka wkdjrKh lr .;a f;dr;=re" iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKd;aul j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd

s isiqka iQodkï lrjkak' lKavdhï wkdjrK mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍfuka wk;=rej

isiqkaf.ka ixj¾Okd;aul woyia úuikak' isiqkaf.ka wkdjrKh jQ f;dr;=re o"

wod< úIh lreKq o ie,ls,a,g f.k mdvu meyeÈ,s lrkak' ksmqK;d uÜgug wod<

mdvïj,ska wk;=rej my; oelafjk ls%hdldrlïj, isiqka ksr; lrjkak'

•

2. úÿy,am;s;=udf.a kdhl;aj N+ñldj

22

New- 14-6-4

^1& my; oelafjkafka l=vd mßudK jHdmdßlfhl=f.a jHdmdrh ;=< isÿ jq ls%hdldrlï

,ehsia;=jls' ta ta ld¾hh jHjidhlhl=f.a ljr N+ñldjg wh;a o hkak ;SrKh

fldg N+ñldjg wod< ;Srefõ" PPPPP" ,l=K fhdokak'

'

^2& YS% ,xldfõ y÷kd.;a fyd| kdhlfhla ms<sn| j idlÉPdjlg Ndckh fldg

Tyq $weh fyd| kdhlfhla f,i ie,lSug fya;= wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï ls%hdldrlul

isiqka fhoùug fhdackd flf¾'


jHdjidhlhdf.a m%Odk N+ñld

jHdjidhlhl=f.a m%Odk N+ñldj,g wod, ld¾hhka

.=Kd;aul fojqï.=Kd;aul fojqï.=Kd;aul fojqï.=Kd;aul fojqï.=Kd;aul fojqï

10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd; - 4 mßÉfþoh

;lafiarelrK yd we.hï ks¾Kdhl

• jHjidhlfhla l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhl bgq lrk m%Odk N+ñld kï lr tu

N+ñld w;r we;s wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s lrhs'

l=vdmßudK jHdmdrhla ;=< jHjidhlhl=f.a fok ,o N+ñldjla meyeÈ,s lrhs'

jHdmdrhl jHjidhl;aj N+ñld jHdmdrfha id¾:l;ajhg ;=vq fok wkaou

fmkajd fohs'

jHdmdßlhdf.a ld¾hhka

1' fiajlhka fofofkl=g jev fnod §u'

2' kj fldgila jHdmdrhg tl;= lsÍu'

3' ksjdvq fkd,nd jev lrk whg osß §ukdjla §u'

4' re' 50000 l uqo,la jHdmdrhg fhoùu'

5' ndysr wdh;k iuÕ in|;d cd,hla f.dvk.d .ekSu'

6' mdvq ,nk jHdmdr wxYhla jid oeóug ;SrKh lsÍu'

7' m%udo ù meñKs fiajlhkag wjjdo lsÍu'

8' jHdmdrfha úl=Kqï jeä lr .ekSu i|yd m%pdrK

jevigykla Èh;a lsÍu'

9' jHdmdrfha bÈß lghq;= ms<sn| j fiajlhka oekqj;a

lsÍu'

10' fiajlhkag wdo¾Yhla jk mßÈ ls%hd lsÍu'

11' øjH wmf;a hdu je<elaùug lghq;= lsÍu'

12' iajlSh ld¾hhkaj, ksr; lrùu i|yd fiajlhka

fufyhùu'

whs;slre

l<uk

dlre

kdh

lhd

•

•

•

•

•

23

New- 14-6-4

• pß;j, ,laIK

1' isxyhd ovhlalreg nhhs'

2' ovhlalre ldka;djg nhhs'

3' ldka;dj isxyhdg nhhs'

• ;Srl jYfhka .=rejrhd ls%hd lrhs' Tyq rx.kfha id¾:l wid¾:l nj ms<sn| lreKq

/ia lr úksYaph lrhs'

• isxyhd" ldka;dj yd ovhlalre w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj .,d hk wdldrh my; rEmigyfka

oelafõ'

• by; pß; i|yd isiq lKavdhï folla f;dard lKavdhï A yd B jYfhka kï

lrkak'

• tu lKavdhï Tjqkaf.a pß; ksrEmK wNskfhka oela úh hq;= njg isiqkag Wmfoia

fokak' fuys § .=rejrhdf.a ix{dfjka miq lKavdhïj, ish¨fokd u pß;h tljr

rÕ oelaúh hq;= nj meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• rÕ oelaùug fmr iEu wjia:djl § u iQodkï ùu i|yd iq`M ld,hla ,nd fokak'

weuqKqu 2'2'1

N+ñld rx.kh

• pß;

1' isxyhd

2' ovhlalre

3' ldka;dj

isxyhd

ldka;djovhlalre

24

New- 14-6-4

Wmfoia • isxyhd f.drjk yd fr!ø iajrEmh oelaùu" ovhlalreg nh nj yd ldka;djg

ìh ke;s nj wNskfhka oelaùu'

• ovhlalre ;=jlal=j fyda ÿkq B;, udkk wdldrh" ldka;djg nh nj yd

isxyhdg ìh ke;s nj wNskfhka oelaùu'

• ldka;dj kdß ,d,s;Hfhka isák wdldrh" ovhlalreg ìh ke;s nj yd isxyhdg

ìh nj wNskfhka oelaùu'

• ch.%dyS lKavdhï f;aÍu

• tla lKavdhula isxyhd f,i wNskfhka rÕ olajk úg wfkla lKavdhu

ovhlalre f,i wNsrEmkfha fhÿkfyd;a ovhlalref.a lKavdhu ch.%yKh

lrhs'

tla lKavdhula isxyhd f,i wNskfhka rÕ olajk úg wfkla lKavdhu

ldka;dj f,i wNsrEmkfha fhÿkfyd;a isxyhdf.a lKavdhu ch.%yKh lrhs'

tla lKavdhula ldka;dj f,i wNskfhka rÕ olajk úg wfkla lKavdhu

ovhlalre f,i wNsrEmkfha fhÿkfyd;a ldka;dj ch.%yKh lrhs'

• ix{d lsÍfuka wk;=rej id¾:l pß;h rÕ oelajQ lKavdhug ,l=Kq msßkukak'

• hï wjia:djl lKavdhï fol u tlu pß;h ksrEmKh lf<a kï ,l=Kq

,nd fkd§ iu ;;a;ajfha isák nj okajkak'

• jg ;=kla muK rx.kfha fhdojkak'

•

•

25

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 2 ( l=vd mrsudK jHdmdrhl jHjidhlhl= úiska bgq lrk N+ñld

úu¾Ykh lrhs

ksmqK;d uÜgu 2'3 ( l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhla id¾:lj mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd

jHjidhlhl= j¾Okh lr .; hq;= kdhl;ajh yd l<ukdldß;aj

l=i,;d wkdjrKh lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 05

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

• kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK N+ñld uekúka bgq lsßu iòyd jHjidhlfhl=g

;sìh hq;= uQ,sl l=i,;d oelaùug'

• fok ,o kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK l=i,;d ÿq`äka meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

• kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK l=i,;d l=vd jHdmdrhl id¾:l;ajhg fya;=jk

wkaou fmkajd §ug'



fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKq ms<sn|j o ukd jegySula ,nd .kak' wk;=rej my;

i|yka Wmfoia flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

mdvug m%fõY ùfï § zzjgql=re`M rxpqjZZ ms<snò w;S; fn!oaO l:dj isiqkag bÈßm;a

lr" kdhl;ajhg .re fkdlsÍu" iduqysl;ajh yd iu.sh fkdue;sùu" ksid jeoaodf.a

±,g fldgq ù jgq l=re`M rxpqjg úkdYh f.k ÿka wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak' tfia

ke;fyd;a ta yd iïnkaO Tn okakd isoaêhla bosrsm;a lrkak'

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< úIh lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍu iòyd weuqKqu 2'3'1 § we;s

zzj.=frka tf;r ùfï l%SvdjZZ fhdackd flf¾'

l%Svdj iòyd È we;s Wmfoia fyd`Èka wOHhkh lrkak'

lS%vdj i|yd wdikak ld,fþo folla fhdod .kak'

lS%vdj w;r;=r ta ta lKavdhïj, yeisÍï yd isiqkaf.a .;s,laIK ksÍlaIKh lr tu

f;dr;=re wod< lr f.k § we;s úIh lreKq úYaf,aIKh lrkak'

weuqKqu 2'3'2 ys we;=<;a isiqkaf.a kdhl;aj .=Kdx. ;lafiare lrk m;s%ldj tla

tla isiqjdg ,nd § Tjqka ,nd.;a ,l=Kq wkqj we.ehSula lrkak' fï i|yd úkdä

05 l muK ld,hla iEfya'

kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK l=i,;d u;= lr .; yels yd ld,Éfþo foll muK

ld,hla ;=< l< yels Tn fyd¢ka okakd lS%vdjla Ndú; lsÍug o yels h'

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

26

New- 14-6-4

;lafiarelrK yd we.ehï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiarelrK yd we.ehï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiarelrK yd we.ehï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiarelrK yd we.ehï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiarelrK yd we.ehï ks¾Kdhl (

• l=vd mßudK jHdmdrhla id¾:l j mj;ajdf.k hdu i|yd jHdjidhlhl= i;= úh

hq;= kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK l=i,;d i|yka lrhs'

• fok ,o kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK l=i,;dj, w¾:h ÿqäka meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• kdhl;aj yd l<ukdlrK l=i,;d l=vd jHdmdrhl id¾:l;ajh fya;= jk wdldrh

fmkajd fohs'

weuqKqu 2'3'1

" j.=frka tf;r ùfï j.=frka tf;r ùfï j.=frka tf;r ùfï j.=frka tf;r ùfï j.=frka tf;r ùfï " lS%vdj i|yd Wmfoia ( lS%vdj i|yd Wmfoia ( lS%vdj i|yd Wmfoia ( lS%vdj i|yd Wmfoia ( lS%vdj i|yd Wmfoia (

• ;r.h i|yd mka;s ldurfhka neyer mdif,a$ñÿf,a $msÜgksfha ia:dkhla f;dard

.kak' ógr 8 l muK ÿr m%foaYhla uv j.=re iys; m%foaYh hehs Wml,amkh lrkak'

• my; i|yka mßÈ l,ams; uv j.=f¾ A "B "C " wd§ jYfhka ux ;Sre ,l=Kq lrkak'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï

10 fY%aKsh fm< fmd; - 4 mßÉfþoh

weuqKqu 2'3'1 ys fhdað; l%Svdjg wjYH øjH'

weuqKqu 2'3'2 ys m%udKj;a msgm;a


;dlaIKsl l=i,;d

ikaksfõok l=i,;d

udkj l=i,;d

ixl,amkd;aul l=i,;d

lKavdhula iu. lghq;= lsÍfï l=i,;d

WmfoaYk l=i,;d

wdo¾Yu;aj lghq;= lsÍfï l=i,;d

lKavdhu ksfhdackh lsÍfï l=i,;d

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

A

B

C

>

>

>

> ----------------------------------------------

------------------- ---------------------------

----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

----------------------------------------------

>

>

27

New- 14-6-4

• lKavdhfï isák isiqka .Kkg jvd tlla jeä jkfia lKavdhug md ròjk

,nd fokak' (12''X8'' muK m%udKfha ldâfndaâ len,s md ròjk fia Ndú; lrkak&'

• tu md r|jk Ndú; fldg isiq lKavdhïj,g uv j.=r ;rKh lsÍug we;s nj

mjikak'

• ;r`.h ksÍCIKh lsÍu iòyd lKavdhulska tla wfhl= fyda fofofkl= muK f;dard

f.k Tjqka m%;súreoaO lKavdhïj,g fhduq lrkak'

• § we;s fldkafoaisj,g wkqj ;r`.h isÿ jk nj ksÍCIKh lsÍu Tjqkaf.a j.lSu nj

mjikak'

• B;,j,ska ±lafjk ÈYdjg" isiq lKavdhfï ish¨ u fokd wdrïNl m%foaYfha isg

wjidk m%foaYh olajd .uka l< hq;= h'

• uv j.=frka tf.dvùfï § my; fldkafoais wkq.ukh l< hq;= njg Wmfoia

fokak'

• md ròjk u;ska muKla tf.dv úh hq;= h'

• iEuúg u lKavdhfï lsishï fyda idudðlfhl=f.a iam¾Yhla ^w;$mh& md

ròjk u; ;sìh hq;= h'

• iam¾Yhla fkdue;s md ròjk wef;d;a tajd ufâ .s,S w;=reoyka fõ' ^ta

wkqj iam¾Yhla fkdue;s md ròjkhla we;s úg jyd u th ksÍCIKlhska

úiska wdmiq .; hq;= h&'

• tfia md r|jk wdrlaId lr .ekSug fkdyels jqjfyd;a jv j.=r ;rKh

lsrSu b;d o ÿIalr fõ'

• oS we;s md r|jk muKla Ndú; lrñka j.=r ;rKh l< hq;= h'

• ch.%yKh i|yd lKavdhfï ish,q u fokd uv j.=r ;rKh l< hq;= h'

• wjidkhg tf.dv jkakd b;srs md r|jk o /f.k hd hq;= h'

• kshñ; ld,h ;=< uv j.=frka tf;r úh hq;= h'

• isiqka fo;=ka fofkl= iyNd.S lrjd f.k lS%vdj wdo¾Ykh lr fmkajkak'

• iEu lKavdhulg u iyNd.S ùug iy uv j.=r ;rKh lsÍug ñks;a;= 20 l muK

ld,hla ,nd fokak'

• lKavdhï tljr ls%hdldrlfuys fhdojkak'

28

New- 14-6-4

weuqKqu 2'3'2

my; i|yka m%Yakdj,shg " Tõ" " ke;" ms<s;=re ,nd .ksñka isiqkaf.a kdhl;aj l=i,;d

;lafiare lrkak'

kdhl;aj .=Kdx.kdhl;aj .=Kdx.kdhl;aj .=Kdx.kdhl;aj .=Kdx.kdhl;aj .=Kdx.

03' uf.a b,lal imqrd .ekSu iòyd ksrka;r j Wmfoia m;ñ' '''''''''''''''

04' mj;akd ;;ajh fjkila lsßug uu leue;a;la olajñ' '''''''''''''''

05' .eg¨jla we;s úg laIKsl ms<s;=rla ,nd fkd§ .eg¨j '''''''''''''''

fyd`Èka jgyd .ekSug W;aidy .ksñ'

06' wruqKq <`.d lr .ekSu iòyd iqmqreÿ p¾hdjka fjkia lr .ekSug uu ''''''''''''''''

leu;s h'

07' mrdchka bÈßfha wjia:dfjdaÑ; j miqnEug uu iQodkï h' '''''''''''''''''

08' b;d Ndr¥r j.lSï meñK l< tajd lKavdhfï iqÿiq idudðlhkag mjrñ' ''''''''''''''''

09' lghq;= lsÍfï § uf.a Wmßu Yla;sh ms<snò j úYajdi lrñ' ''''''''''''''''

10' uu ch.%yKh muKla w.h lrk w;r mrdchka wi;=fgka m%;slafIam lrñ' ''''''''''''''''

11' uf.a iyDohkag .eg¨ yd ;¾ck meñKs úg tajd úiod .ekSug Tjqkag

Woú lrñ' ''''''''''''''''

12' wruqKq ,`.d lr .ekSfï § fm!oa.,sl W;aidyhg jvd iduQysl W;aidyh

.ek úYajdi lrñ' ''''''''''''''''

1" 3" 9' 10" ms<s;=re zzke;ZZ iòyd tl ,l=K ne.ska ,l=Kq 05

2" 4" 5" 6" 7" 8" 11" 12 ms<s;=re zzTõZZ iòyd ,l=K ne.ska ,l=Kq 07

01' ud ls%hd lrkafka b;d ÿr oelaula we;s j fkdj uOHia: ÿr oelaula iys;j h' '''''''''''''''

02' mqoa.,hkaf.ka t,a,jk n,mEï yd mSvk ord .ekSug ug yelshdjla ;sfí' '''''''''''''''

12

29

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 3 ( jHjidhlfhl= f,i jHdmdr mßirh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 ( jHdmdr mßirh wOHhkh i|yd jHdmdr mßir idOl fjka fjka j

úuihs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 02

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yelss h'

� jHdmdr mßirh meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

� jHjidhlhl= jYfhka jHdmdr mßirh .ek ie,ls,su;aùfï jeo.;alu idlÉPd

lsÍug'

� jHdmdr mßirfha Wmfldgia iys; j jHdmdr mßirh j¾. lsÍug'

mdvï ie,iu i|yd Wmfoia (




� mdi, wdh;khla f,i ksoiqklg f.k tys fufyhqï lghq;=j,g n,mEï we;s

lrk idOl isiqkaf.ka úuid nqoaê l,ïnkhl fhfokak'

� isiq m%;spdr ie,ls,a,g f.k jHdmdr mßirh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lsÍug m%fõY úh

yels h'

� mßirfhka we;s lrk n,mEï ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd§u i|yd ˜ ne¨ka msmsrùu˜

l%Svdfõ isiqka fhoúh yelshs'

� tu lS%vdj i|yd Wmfoia

� isiqka lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'

� isiqka ixLHdjg wkqj j¾K follska ne¨ka imhd .kak'

� idudkH m%udKhg mqïnk ,o ne¨khla ne.ska tla tla isiqjdf.a w;l .eg .id

.ekSug i,iajkak'

� iajlSh lKavdhfï ne¨ka wdrlaId lrf.k fiiq lKavdhfï ne¨k msmsrùu

i|yd lsishï ix{djlska miq wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

� lsishï bvlv iSudjla ;=< ^kso¾Yk ( mka;s ldurh& lS%vdfõ fhdojkak'

^fiiq mka;sj, lghq;=j,g ndOd fkdùug j.n,d .kak'&

� lS%vdfjka wk;=rej mßirfhka we;s lrk n,mEu ms<sn| idlÉPd fldg wjfndaOhla

,nd fokak'

� mßirfha we;sjk n,mEïj, iajNdjh yd m%udKh wkqj isiqka iajlSh ;SrK yd

Wmdhud¾. ls%hd;aul l< wdldrh o oekqj;a lrkak'

30

New- 14-6-4

� Tn mdif,a idudkH ffoksl lghq;= flfrys n,mEï we;s lrk idOl we;=<;a

,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh, lrjkak'

� mdif,a lghq;= flfrys ys;lr fyda wys;lr f,i n,mEï we;s lrk isÿùï ms<sn|

f;dr;=re úÿy,am;sjrhdg ,efnk ud¾. we;=<;a ,ehsia;=jla ms<sfh, lrjkak'

;lafiarelrK yd we.hSu ks¾Kdhl (

• jHdmdr mßirh ksjerÈ j y÷kajhs'

• jHdmdr mßirffha fjkiaùï fya;= fldgf.k u;=jk Yla;Ska" ÿ¾j,;d"

wjia:d yd ;¾ck meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• jHdmdr mßirh wNHka;r iy ndysr jYfhka j¾. fldg tu mßirh iukaú; jk

fldgia kï lrhs'


jHdmdr mßirh

wNHka;r mßirh

ndysr mßirh

fhdað; lS%vdj i|yd m%udKj;a ne¨k


10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd; - 5 mßÉfþoh•

•

•

•

•

31

New- 14-6-4


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'2 ( jHdmdr wNHka;r mßir n,fõ.j, ls%hdldß;ajh ú.%y lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 06

bf.kqï M, (

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï wjika ùfuka miq isiqkag my; i|yka bf.kqï M,w;alr .; yels h'

� jHdmdrhl wNHka;r mßirh ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

� jHdmdrhl wNHka;r mßirfha y÷kd .kakd Yla;Ska we.hSulg ,la lsÍug'

� jHdmdr wNHka;r mßirfhka y÷kd .kakd ÿ¾j,;dj,g ms<shï fhdackd lsÍug'

mdvï ie,iqu i|yd Wmfoia (

fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j úIh ks¾foaYfha we;s úIh wka;¾.;h o ta yd iïnkaO j



� fuu mdvug msúiSula jYfhka Tn mdif,a wNHka;r mßirh yd iïnkaO n,fõ.

îdOl& ,ehsia;= .; lrjkak'

� my; oelafjk jHdmdr yd iïnkaO m%ldYk lshjd" fldgqj ;=< we;s ksjerÈ ms<s;=r

f;dard —P˜ ,l=K fh§ug i,iajkak'

m%ldYk

fiajlhskaf.a jevg meñKSu wúêu;a h'

mdßfNda.slhkag myiq ;ekl jHdmdrh

msysgqjd we;'

jHdmdrhg NdKav imhk whg f.ùï lsÍu

m%udo fõ'

.kqfokqlrejka jHdmdrhg kej; kej;

meñfKa'

l<ukdlre Wmßu udkj ys;jd§ j lghq;=

lrhs'

. =Kd;aul NdKav idOdrK ñ,lg

iemhSfï yelshdj ,eì we;'

NdKavj, ñ, .Kka by< hdu ksid

jHdmdrfha úl=Kqïj, wvqùula olakg we;'

whs;slre ,dNhg u uq,a ;ek § ls%hd lrhs'

fiajlhka jHdmdrhg oeä ,eÈlula olajhs'

whs;slre iajlSh ;SrK fjkia lr fkd.kS'

01

02

03

04

05

06

07

08

09

10

Yla;shl

s

ÿ¾j,

;djl

s

lsj fk

dyel

32

New- 14-6-4

� weuqKqu 3'2'1 we;=<;a iuord jHdmdrfha isoaêh isiqka lKavdhï lr ,nd § th wOHhkh

lsÍug i,iajd tu jHdmdrh yd ne¢ md¾Yaj yd ta ta md¾Yaj ;=< y÷kd .; yels

Yla;Ska yd ÿ¾j,;d wkdjrKh lr .ekSfï ls%hdldrlul fhdojkak' ke;fyd;a

fuu jHdmdr isoaêh lshjk úg fojrlaj;a ijka§ug i,iajd ls%hdldrlfï

fhoùug o yels h'

;lafiarelrK yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (

� fiajlhka" whs;slrejka wd§ md¾Yaj ksoiqka jYfhka bÈßm;a lr wNHka;r mßirh

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

� wNHka;r mßirfha n,fõ. wdYs%; Yla;Ska i|yd ksoiqka olajhs'

� wNHka;r mßirfha n,fõ. wdYs%; ÿ¾j,;d ,ehsia;= .; lrhs'

� wNHka;r mßirfha ÿ¾j,;d msgqoelSu i|yd iqÿiq fhdackd bÈßm;a lrhs'

iuord jHdmdrh

iuordiuordiuordiuordiuord jHdmdrh ksjilg wjYH fndfyda foa ñ,§ .ekSug yels" fldÜgdj" relau,a.u

msysá iqúYd, is,a,r fjf<| jHdmdrhls' iuord iuord iuord iuord iuord hkq jHdmdrfha j;auka whs;slref.a

uj h' lsisÿ oekaùul iuord hk ku ke;;a iuord lfâ hk ku wjg m%foaYj,

o m%isoaO h' wo jHdmdrfha l<ukdlre fuka fiajh lrkafka iuordiuordiuordiuordiuord úiska iajlSh

fjf<|if,a fiajhg fhdojd .;a lu,a kï l=vd fld¨.eghd h' Tyq jHdmdrfha iEu

ld¾hhla u fidhd n,d lghq;= lrk w;r" kqmqreÿ .kqfokqlrefjda Tyq jHdmdrfha

whs;slre úh yels hhs wkqudk lr;s' merKs .kqfokqlrejkaf.a ¥ orejka" uqKqnqrka

wd§ka o fuu jHdmdrh iuÕ .kqfokq lrkq fmfka' Tjqka fjk;a fjf<|i<lg

f.dvjkafka iuord iuord iuord iuord iuord fjf<|ief<a fkdue;s fohla ñ,§ .ekSug hhs lSu

w;sYfhdala;shla fkdfõ' Wiia u ;;a;ajfha NdKav idOdrK ñ,lg iemhSu tod isg

u fuu jHddmdrfha .=Kdx.hls' fuh w¨hu újD; lrk iy fndfyda ? fndaù jid ouk

ksjdvqjla fkdue;s m%foaYfha we;s tl u fjf<|i<hs' fiajlhka o jHdmdrfha fuu

meje;aug yqre ù we;s w;r tfia yqreùug wmyiq kjl fiajlhska fkdfnda Èklska u

Tjqka úiska u iajlSh fiajh wjika lr .ks;s' fuu jHdmdrfha ma,diaála NdKav úl=Kk

wxYh i|yd lu,a úiska y÷kajd ÿka 3 la re' 200$- ixl,amh ksid tu NdKavj, wf,úh

fnfyúka jeä úh' tfy;a mdßfNda.sl NdKav fjf<| wxYh iajhx fiajd wxYhla f,i

mj;ajd f.k hdu" úYd, f;d. ñ,§ .;a .kqfokqlrejkaf.a NdKav Tjqkaf.a ksfjiaj,g

m%jdykh lr §u yd ÿrl:k u.ska weKjqï ,ndf.k tajd iemhSu jeks kj;djkaa y÷kajd

§ug wjYH;dj we;;a whs;slre tjeks foaj,aj,g jeä ukdmhla fkdoelaùu lu,af.a is;a

;ejq,g fya;=jla ù we;s nj Tyqf.a l;d nyska f;areï .; yels h' jHdmdrfha ÈhqKqj

;ukaf.a o ÈhqKqj hehs jHdmdrh iïnkaO iEu fokd is;;s'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï 10 fY%aKsh fm< fmd; - 5 mßÉfþoh

weuqKqqu 3'2'1 ys m%udKj;a msgm;a

uq,sl joka$ixl,am uq,sl joka$ixl,am uq,sl joka$ixl,am uq,sl joka$ixl,am uq,sl joka$ixl,am wNHka;r mßir n,fõ.

Yla;Ska" ÿ¾j,;d

•

•

•

•

weuqKqu 3'2'1

33

New- 14-6-4


ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'3 ( jHdmdr ndysr mßir n,fõ.j, ls%hdldß;ajh ú.%y lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 06

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

� jHdmdrhl ndysr mßirh ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

� jHdmdrhl ndysr mßirfhka y÷kd .kakd wjia:d we.hSulg ,la lsÍug'

� jHdmdrhl ndysr mßirfha y÷kd .kakd ;¾ckj,g ms<shï fhdackd lsÍug'





� mdi, ksoiqka jYfhka f.k mdif,a wruqKq bgqlr .ekSu i|yd lrkq ,nk fufyhqï

lghq;= fudkjd oehs isiqkaf.ka úuid nqoaê l,ïNk wNHdihl fhfokak' ta i|yd

úkdä 05 l muK ld,hla m%udKj;a h'

� my; i|yka lS%vdj u.ska wruqKq bgqlr .ekSfï § ndysßka n,mEï t,a, jk wdldrh

ms<sn| j wjfndaOhla ,nd Èh yels h' fï i|yd Wmßu jYfhka úkdä 10 la iEfya'

� mka;s ldur ;=< úkdähla ;=< § bgq lr .ekSug wfmalaId lrk ld¾hhla

isiqkaf.ka úuikak'

� tu ld¾hh bgqlr .ekSfï § mßirfhka ndOd t,a, úh yels nj oekqj;a

fldg f;dard .;a isiqka lsysmfofkl= tfia ndOd lsÍu i|yd fiiq whg

fkdoefkk fia fhdojkak'

� bÈßm;a jk isiqka kï lrñka Tjqkaf.a wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug wjia:dj ,nd

fokak'

� lsishï ix{djlska miq tlS wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug fhduq lrjkak'

� mdi, hï hï wruqKq $ b,lal bgqlr .ekSu i|yd tys lghq;= fufyhjk wdh;khla

nj;a ie,iqï lr we;s mßÈ b,lal <Õd lr .ekSfï § ndysr n,mEï t,a, jk nj;a

meyeÈ,s lr" tu n,meïj,g iqÿiq m%;spdr olajñka wruqKq <Õd lr .ekSug isÿjk

nj;a ksoiqka weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrñka wfmalaIs; úIh lreKq bÈßm;a lrkak'

�

� olajd we;s tla tla mßir n,fõ. ms<sn| j úIh lreKq bÈßm;a lsÍfï § yels ;rï

fhda.H ksoiqka f.k yer olajkak'

� ndysr mßir idOlj, n,mEï ksid we;s jk ;¾ck yd wjia:d i|yd ksoiqka

f.k yer olajñka isiqkaf.ka o tjeks ;¾ck yd wjia:d .ek úuikak'

� fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvïj,ska wk;=rej isiqka my; i|yka ls%hdldrlfuys

fhdojkak'

34

New- 14-6-4

mßir n,fõ.

mßir n,fõ.j,

n,mEï

wdkhkh lrk NdKav

i|yd nÿ wh lsÍu'

ck.ykfha ia;S%" mqreI ixhq;sh

fjkiaùu'

hï hï NdKav i|yd m%ñ;s kshu

lsÍu'

wka;¾cd;sl m%ñ;s iys; NdKav

muKla úfoaY rgj,a úiska ñ,§

.ekSu'

m%Odk rgj,a folla w;r oreKq

hqO WKqiqula mek ke.Su'

iQ¾h ;dm n,Yla;sfhka ls%hd

lrk hka;% iQ;% y÷kajd§u'

by< wiajkq i|yd merKs l%u

Ys,am w;ayod ne,Su'

W;=f¾ hqoaOh ksid .ïìï w;yer

meñKs msßia kej; mÈxÑhg hdu'

b.ekaùï yd bf.kqï udOHhla

f,i cx.u ÿrl:k Ndú;hg

.ekSu'

wd¾

Ól

mßir

n,fõ.

;dl

aIK

sl mßir

n,fõ.

m%cd m

ßir n

,fõ.

iajNdú

l

mßir

n,fõ.

foaY

md,

k

yd ffk

;sl

mßir

n,fõ.

f.da,

Sh m

ßirh

n,fõ.

^1& my; i|yka j.=fõ olajd we;s mßir n,fõ.j, n,mEu ljr mßir n,fõ.hlg

wod< fõoehs ;SrKh fldg Bg wod< fldgqj ;=< " P" ,l=K fh§ug Wmfoia

fokak'

35

New- 14-6-4

by; olajd we;s mßÈ mßir n,mEï iys; ,ehsia;=jla isiqka ,jd ms<sfh, lrjkak' fuh

lKavdhï ls%hdldrlula f,i mjrkak' tla lKavdhula ms<sfh, l< ,ehsia;=j fjk;a

lKavdhulg fhduqfldg ,l=Kq lrjkak'

Tn úiska hï hï mßir n,fõ.j, n,mEï jrlg tl ne.ska i|yka lrkak'

tu n,mEï wkqj we;s úh yels ;¾ckhla fyda wjia:djla i|yka lsÍug isiqkag

wjia:dj ,nd fokak' fok ,o ksjerÈ ms<s;=re i|yd ,l=Kq 01ne.ska ,nd fokak' th

;r.hla f,i meje;aúh yels h' fuu ;r.h flaj, fyda lKavdhï jYfhka isÿ l<

yels h'


• ndysr mßir n,fõ. ksoiqka jYfhka olajhs'

• ndysr mßirh úYaf,aIKh lrk úg oelsh yels jHdmdr wjia:dj,ska m%uqL;ajhla

Èh yels wjia:d y÷kd .kshs'

• ndysr mßir n,fõ.j,ska t,a, úh yels ;¾ck m%ldY lrhs'

• ndysr mßir n,fõ.j,ska t,a, úh yels ;¾ckj,g ms<shï fhdackd lrhsa'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï 10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd; - 5 mßÉfþoh

uq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,am ndysr mßirfha n,fõ. wjia:d" ;¾ck

•

•

•

•

•

36

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 3 ( jHdjidhlhl= f,i jHdmdr mßirh úYaf,aIKh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'4 ( jHdjidhlhl= jYfhka YS% ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh ms<sn| j .fõIKh

lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 06

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

• YS% ,xld wd¾Ólfha m%Odk jHdmdr wxY ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

• jHdmdr i|yd m%fhdackhg .; yels YS% ,xldfõ iq,n iïm;aj,g ksoiqka oelaùug'

• jHjidhlhl= jYfhka jHdmdr mßir m%jK;d ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;aùfï jeo.;alu

idlÉPd lsÍug'





• fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< j m%:u mdvug m%fõYùu i|yd YS% ,xldfõ iq,n iïm;a

fudkjd o@ hk m%Yakh isiqkag fhduq fldg ms<s;=re m%ldY lsÍug i,iajkak' tu ms<s;=re

yqKq mqjrefõ ,shkak' fï i|yd úkdä 05 l muK ld,hla .kak' jeä u ms<s;=re ÿka isiqka

Wmia:ïNkh lrkak'

• wk;=rej YS% ,xldfõ ft;sydisl jákdlu yd YS% ,xldfõ iïm;a ms<sn| j flá

idlÉPdjla fufyjkak' tu idlÉPdfjka miq isiqka lKavdhï 03 lg lKavdhï lr

weuqKqu 3'4' 1 ys i|yka is;shï ,nd § my; i|yka Wmfoia u; isiqka .fõIKhl

fhdojkak' ^tla lKavdhulg tla is;shuls'&

• is;shïj, olakg ,efnk iïm;a kï fldg ,ehsia;= .; lrjkak'

• is;shïj, i|yka fkdjk fjk;a iïm;a 10 la ,ehsia;= .; lrjkak'

• tu iïm;a lsishï j¾.SlrKhla hgf;a j¾. lsÍug i,iajkak'

• ta ta iïm;a fhdod f.k oekg lrk jHdmdr 10la yd oekg fkdue;s tfy;a

wkd.;fha § ìysúh yels jHmdr 05 la ,sùug Wmfoia fokak'

37

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvïj,ska wk;=rej my; i|yka ls%hdldrlu ,nd fokak'

1' Tn m%foaYfha we;s iïm;a y÷kdf.k my; i|yka YS¾I hgf;a ,ehsia;= .; lrùu'

i. N+ñh wdYs%; iajNdúl iïm;a

ii. ñksid úiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o iïm;a

2' by; ta ta iïm;a wdYs%; j oekg ìysù we;s l¾udka;$ jHdmdr kï lsÍu

3' oekg ìysù ke;s tfy;a ta ta iïm;a weiqßka wkd.;fha § ìysúh yels jHdmdr ,ehsia;= .;

lsÍug fhduq lsÍu'

;lafiarelrK we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiarelrK we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiarelrK we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiarelrK we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (;lafiarelrK we.ehSï ks¾Kdhl (

• m%Odk jHdmdr wxY ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• YS% ,xldfõ iq,n j we;s iïm;a i|yd ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs'

• mßir m%jK;d ms<sn| j úuis,su;a ùfï jeo.;alu ilÉPd lrhs'

uq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,amuq,sl joka$ixl,am m%d:ñl ksIamdok wxYh

.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï 10 fY%aKshg fm<fmd; - 5 mßÉfÉoh

• weuqKqu 3'4'1 ys we;s YS% ,xldfõ is;shï

oaù;Shsl ksIamdok wxYh

;D;Shsl ksIamdok wxYh •

•

•

•

38

New- 14-6-4

weuqKqu 3'4'1

39

New- 14-6-4

40

New- 14-6-4

41

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 4 ( fhda.H jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï mQ¾j iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr .; hq;= jeo.;a ;SrK wkdjrKh

lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 04

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'


fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wkqj m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § my; § we;s ixLHdf,aLkh

bÈßm;a lr nqoaê l,ïnk wNHdihl ksr; lrjkak'

wdrïN lrk jHdmdrj, id¾:l yd wid¾:l ùu ms<sn|j f;dr;=re

mj;ajdf.khdu jeiShdu

1 jk j¾Ih wjidkfha 85] 15]









•

ûq,dY%h( sam.tingleff.com)

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wfmalaId lrk mqoa.,hl= jHdmdrh wdrïN lsÍug fmr .; hq;= jeo.;a ;SrK idlÉPd lsÍug'

jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § .; hq;= ;SrKj, iajNdjh wkdjrKh lsÍug'

mqoa.,hl= jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr .; hq;= ;SrK" m%uqL;dj wkqj f;aÍug'

�

�

•

42

New- 14-6-4

• by; m%ia;drh yd ixLHd f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lr wdrïN lrk jHdmdrj,g fujeks

brKula Wodùug n,mE yels fya;= idlÉPd lrkak'

• NdKav yd fiajd ixl,am yd fjf<|fmd< ixl,am bÈßm;a lsÍfï § ta i|yd ksoiqka

imhkak'

kso¾Yk ( úúO m%udKfha yd j¾.fha hq;a ysi mSrk mkd bÈßm;a fldg tajdhska mqoa.,hkaf.a

• ljr wjYH;d jqjukd imqr,kafka o hkak;a" ta ta mkd i|yd jk mdßfNda.slhka

• ljqreka o hkak;a úuish yels h'

• mka;sfha isiqka ,jd ^flaj,$lKavdhï jYfhka& NdKav o fiajd o we;=<;a

,ehsia;=jla ^whs;u 10 la muK& my; i|yka wdlD;shg wkqj ms<sfh, lr

f;dr;=re ,nd .kak'

wjYH;d yd jqjukd w;r fjkialï o" NdKav yd fiajd w;r fjkialï o wjYH kï

kej; u;la l< yels h'

;r.h" bmhSu" m%d.aOkh imhd .ekSu" jHdmdr ;ksj fyda yjq,aj wdrïN lsÍu wd§

ixl,am o m%dfhda.sl ksoiqka imhñka tajdfha w¾:h ;yjqre lrkak'

my; i|yka .fõIK ls%hdldrlfï ksr; lrùfuka fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod<

úIh lreKq wkdjrKh lr .; yels h' fï i|yd isiqka lKavdhï lr tu lKavdhu

wkd.;fha jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug iqodkï jkafka hehs Wml,amkh lsÍug i,iajd

my; i|yka m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSu i|yd ls%hdlrlu ie,iqï lrkak'

kso( 1 lKavdhu - NdKav 2 lKavdhu - fiajdj

• jHdmdrh u.ska iemhSug wfmalaIs; NdKav fyda fiajdj l=ula o@

• tlS NdKav fyda fiajdj ljqreka i|yd ljr wjYH;djka yd jqjukdjka

imqrd,Su i|yd o@

• tlS NdKavh fyda fiajdj i|yd oekg isák ;r.lrejka ljqreka o@

• wfmalaIs; jHdmdr i|yd wjYH m%d.aOkh $ uqo,a imhd .kafka flfia o@

• tu jHdmdrh msysgqjkafka fldfya o@

• Tn jHdmdrfha lghq;=j, mq¾K jYfhka kshef,kafka o@" ta flfia o@

lKavdhïj, wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug i,iajd tu f;dr;=re o mokï lrf.k

úIh lreKq ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd fokak' fï i|yd foaYk yd idlÉPd l%uh"

m%YaklrK l%uh wkq.ukh l< yels h'

bgq lrkwjYH;dj$jqjukdj

mdßfNda.slhd$

fjf<|fmd<

NdKavh fyda

fiajdj

•

•

43

New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï ksuùfuka wk;=rej my; i|yka ls%hdlrlïj, isiqka ksr;

lrjkak'

^1& mqoa.,fhl=g iajlSh Ôjk meje;au i|yd my; i|yka wjia:d foflka tlla f;dard

.ekSug isÿù we;' tu f;dard .ekSu yd iïnkaO ;SrK yd mokï jk lreKq wkdjrKh

lr .efkk wdldrfha wNHdihl ksr; lrjkak' ke;fyd;a isiqka lKavdhï follg

fnod ixjdohla f.dvk.kak'

(1) /lshdjla lsÍu (2) jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu

^2& jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd m%d.aOkh imhd .; yels my; i|yka ud¾.j,

mj;akd jdis yd wjdis ,sùug i,iajkak'

i. iajlSh j;alula úlsKSu' iii. nexl= Kh ,nd .ekSu

ii. kEoEhka $ ys;ñ;=rkaf.ka b,a,d .ekSu iv. Wlia Kh


• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug wfmalaId lrkafkl= Bg fmr .; hq;= jeo.;a ;SrK 5 la

m%ldY lrhs '

• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr .; hq;= ;SrK fmkajd fohs'

• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr .; hq;= ;SrK jeo.;alu wkqj fm<.iajhs'

• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd ia:dkhla f;dard .ekSfï § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= idOl

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï 10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd; - 6 mßÉfþoh m%ia;drfhys msgm;la

uq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,amuq,sl joka $ixl,am jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍug fmr .;hq;= ;SrK'

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New- 14-6-4

ksmqK;dj 4 ( fhda.H jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï mq¾j iQodku m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'2 ( kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § fjf<|fmd<g msúish yels úl,am

l%u yd Wmdh ud¾. úuihs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 05

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

� jHjidhlhl=g jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd fjf<|fmd<g m%fõY úh yels úl,am

wdldr oelaùug'

� jHjidhlhl=g jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd m%fõY úh yels úl,am wdldrj,

mj;akd jdis yd wjdis fmkajd §ug'

� kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd msúiSfï § jHjidhlhl=g wkq.ukh l< yels

Wmdh ud¾. meyeÈ,s lsÍug'



fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKq ms<sn|j o ukd jegySula ,nd .kak' wk;=rej my; i|yka


fuu ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a m%:u mdvug msúiSfï § fuys my; i|yka j.=j bÈßm;a

lrkak'

NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla ksoiqka jYhka f.k isiq woyia úuid m%YaklrKh Tiafia

ixjdohla f.dvk.kak'

mj;sk NdKavh $ mj;sk kj fjf<|fmd<

fiajdj fjf<|fmd<

kj NdKavh$ fiajdj kj fjf<|fmd< mj;sk fjf<|fmd<

• ixjdofhka wk;=rej mka;sfha isiqka lKavdhï 4 lg fnod my; i|yka fhdað;

ls%hdldrlu i|yd isiqkag ld¾h mjrkak'

^1& my; i|yka ud;Dld lKavdhïj,g ,nd fokak'

1' mj;sk fjf<|fmd<lg mj;akd NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu'

2' mj;sk fjf<|fmd<lg kj NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu'

3' kj fjf<|fmd<lg kj NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu'

4' kj fjf<|fmd<lg mj;akd NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu

•

•

ggggg

ggggg

45

New- 14-6-4

• lKavdhug ,enqK ud;Dldj meyeÈ,s lr .ekSu i|yd idlÉPdjla meje;aùug Wmfoia

,nd § tu ud;Dldjg wod< j my; i|yka f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lsÍug i,iajkak'

• Tnf.a fjf<|fmd< l=ula o@ tys mdßfNda.slhka ljq o@

• Tjqkaf.a .;s,laIK ^jhi" ia;S% mqreI nj" ñ,§ .ekSfï rgdj& ljf¾ o@

• Tjqka i|yd bÈßm;a lsÍug wfmalaId lrk NdKavh fyda fiajdj l=ula o@

• tu NdKavh fyda fiajdj u.ska wfmalaIs; mdßfNda.slhskaf.a ljr wjYH;dj

yd jqjukdj imqrd,kafka o@

isiqkaf.a wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj ,nd § tu wkdjrK ie,ls,a,g f.k

§ we;s úIh lreKq meyeÈ,s lrkak'

kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍfï § jHjidhlhl=g fjf<|fmd<lg m%úIag úh yels

my; i|yka úl,am l%uj, mj;akd jdis yd wjdis ,shd olajkak'

i mj;akd fjf<|fmd<lg mj;akd NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu'

ii. mj;akd fjf<|fmd<lg kj NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu'

iii. kj fjf<|fmd<lg kj NdKavhla fyda fiajdjla bÈßm;a lsÍu'

iv. kj fjf<|fmd<lg mj;akd NdKavhla fyda fiajdjka bÈßm;a lsÍu

by; i|yka tla tla wjia:dj i|yd tla ksoiqkla ne.ska bÈßm;a lsÍug isiqka

Wkkaÿ lrkak' fuh flaj, fyda lKavdhï mejreula jYfhka o ,nd Èh yels h'

;lafiarelrK yd we.hSu ks¾Kdhl (

• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrk úg fjf<|fmd<lg msúish yels úl,am l%u olajhs'

• fjf<|fmd<lg msúish yels úl,am l%uj, mj;akd jdis yd wjdis fmkajd fohs'

• jHdmdrhla wdrïN lrk úg wkq.ukh l< yels iqÿiq Wmdh ud¾.h fya;= iys; j

meyeÈ,s lrhs'

uq,sl joka $ixl,am uq,sl joka $ixl,am uq,sl joka $ixl,am uq,sl joka $ixl,am uq,sl joka $ixl,am fj<| fmd<lg msúish yels úl,am l%u kj fj<|fmd< yd mj;sk fj<|fmd<

.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï.=Kd;aul fhojqï 10 fY%aKsh fm<fmd; - 6 mßÉfþoh•

•

•

•

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46

New- 14-6-4


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'3 ( jHdmdrhla i|yd jHdmdr woyila f;darhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 05

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr.; yels h'

� jHdmdr woyia ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

� jHdmdrhlg fyd| jHdmdr woyil jeo.;alu fya;= iys; j meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

� jHdmdr woyia cks; lr .; yels uQ,dY% i|yd ksoiqka olaùug'



fm<fmdf;ys wvx.= úIh lreKq ms<sn| j o ukd jegySula ,nd .kak' wk;=rej my;

i|yka Wmfoia flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• mßirfha we;sjk fjkiaùï ie,ls,a,g f.k kj jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i\yd

fhda.H ks¾udKYS,S woyia bÈßm;alsÍug isiqkag wjia:dj ,nd § nqoaê l,ïnk

wNHdihl fhfokak' bÈßm;a lrk iEu woyila u ms<s.kak' tajd yqKq mqjrefjys

i|yka lrkak'

• nqoaê l,ïnkh lKavdhï ls%hdldrlula f,i o isÿ l< yelshs' tys§ isiqka

lKavdhï lr" jHdmdr woyia ckkh lsÍug lKavdhug mjrkak' f;dard.;a

kdhlhl= u.ska lKavdhfï jHdmdr woyia iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug wjia:dj

,nd fokak' wk;=rej isiqka my; i|yka lKavdhï ls%hdldrlfï fhdojkak'

• fï i|yd úkdä 20 la muK iEfya'

I. lKavdhu

• ;uka jvd;a we¨ïlrk foaj,a$ úfkdaodxY 5 la i|yka lrkak'

• tu we¨ï lrk foaj,a $úfkdaodxY weiqßka jHdmdr woyia 5 la ckkh lrjkak'

• lKavdhu idlÉPd fldg kj jHdmdrhla i|yd iqÿiq tla jHdmdr woyila f;dard

mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'

• f;dard.;a jHdmdr woyi tfia f;aÍug fya;= ,nd .kak'II. lKavdhu

• m%pdrK oekaùï we;=<;a m;a;r msgqjla ,nd fokak'

• tu m%pdrK oekaùï wOHhkh lr kj jHdmdrhla i|yd iqÿiq jHdmdr woyia 5la

ckkh lrjkak'

• lKavdhu idlÉPd fldg kj jHdmdrhla i|yd iqÿiq tla jHdmdr woyila f;dard

mka;shg bÈßm;a lrjkak'

f;dard.;a jHdmdr woyi tfia f;aÍug fya;= ,nd .kak'•

47

New- 14-6-4

III.lKavdhu

• mqoa.,sl l=i,;d yd w;aoelSï$ m,mqreÿ 5 la ,sùug i,iajkak'

• tu l=i,;d yd m,mqreÿ wkqj kj jHdmdrhla i|yd iqÿiq jk jHdmdr woyia 5 la

ckkh lrjkak'

• lKavdhu idlÉPd fldg" iqÿiq jHdmdr woyila f;dard iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a

lrjkak'

• f;dard.;a tu woyi tfia f;aÍug fya;= ,nd .kak'

isiqkaf.a bÈßm;a lsÍïj,ska wk;=rej § we;s úIh lreKq ms<sn| j wjfndaOh ,nd

fokak' fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvïj,ska wk;=rej my; i|yka mejreï

isiqkag ,nd§ug fhdackd flf¾'

• iEu isiqjl= ,jd u jHdmdr woyia 5 la ne.ska ,sùu'

• tu tla tla jHdmdr woyfiys iqúfYaIS;ajh m%ldY lsÍu

• wju f,i isiqka ;=kafofkl= ne.skaj;a lKavdhï idod ta isiqka ;sfokd w;r"

Tjqfkdjqkaf.a jHdmdr woyia yqjudre lr f.k wOHhkh lsÍug i,iajd" tlS

f;dr;=re iuia; mka;shg ,nd§ug ie,eiaùu'

;lafiarelrK yd we.hï ks¾Kdhl (

• jHdmdr woyia i|yd fhda.H ksoiqka 5la olajhs'

• fyd| jHdmdr woyil wjYH;dj yd jeo.;alu iúia;r j meyeÈ,s lrhs'

• jHdmdr woyia ckkh lr .; yels uQ,dY% i|yd ksoiqka bÈßm;a lrhs'

•

jHdmdr woyia jHdmdr woyia uq,dY%

.=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï .=Kd;aul fhojqï

10 fY%aKsh fmd<fmd; - 7 mßÉfþohm%pdrK oekaùï we;=<;a m;a;r msgqjla•

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III.lKavdhu

48

New- 14-6-4


ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'4 ( jHdmdr wjia:djl fhda.H;dj ;lafiare lrhs'

ld,Éfþo .Kk ( 10

bf.kqï M, (


w;alr .; yels h'

� jHdmdr woyia yd jHdmdr wjia:dj w;r fjki meyeÈ,s lsÍug'

� fyd| jHdmdr wjia:djla ;lafiare lsÍu i|yd Ndú; l< yels ks¾Kdhl oelaùug'

� kj ksIamdÈ;hlg kS;Hdkql+, /ljrKh i,id .ekSu i|yd .; yels ls%hdud¾.

fmkajd Èug'





fuu ksmqK;d uÜgug wkqj m<uq mdvug m%fõYùfï § fndakslafll= fyda we÷ï me,÷ï

ke;s& fndakskafll=f.a mska;+rhla mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tu fndakslald fjkqfjka

jHjidhlhl=g l< yels foaj,a úuiñka nqoaê l,ïnk wNHdihl ksr; lrjkak'

isiqka bÈaßm;a lrk ish¨ u woyia jHdmdr woyia f,i ie,lsh yels nj ;yjqre lrkak'

iEu jHdmdr woyila u jHdmdrhla wdrïN lsÍu i|yd fhda.H fkdjk fyhska jdKscuh

jYfhka id¾:l lr.; yels jHdmdr woyila f;dard .; hq;= nj;a ta i|yd jHdmdr

woyia we.hSulg ,la l< hq;= nj;a wjfndaO lr § my; i|yka Wmfoia wkqj isiqka

lKavdhï jYfhka ls%hdldrlfuys ksr; l< yels h' lKavdhï lsÍug isiqka m%udKj;a

fkdfõ kï tla tla isiqjd ld¾hfhys ksr; lrúh yels h'

1 jk wÈhr - id¾j úYaf,aIKh1 jk wÈhr - id¾j úYaf,aIKh1 jk wÈhr - id¾j úYaf,aIKh1 jk wÈhr - id¾j úYaf,aIKh1 jk wÈhr - id¾j úYaf,aIKh

• isiqka iqÿiq mßÈ lKavdhï lrkak'

• lKavdhu úiska wdrïN lsÍu i|yd iqÿiq jHdmdr woyia yels ;rï ckkh fldg tajd

,shd .ekSug i,iajkak'

• ;ukaf.a idudkH wjfndaOhidudkH wjfndaOhidudkH wjfndaOhidudkH wjfndaOhidudkH wjfndaOh wkqj jHdmdrhla lsÍug iqÿiq hehs wkqudk l< yels

woyia 10 la f;dard .ekSug Wmfoia fokak'

1111111111 jk wÈhr - iQlaIau úYaf,aIKhjk wÈhr - iQlaIau úYaf,aIKhjk wÈhr - iQlaIau úYaf,aIKhjk wÈhr - iQlaIau úYaf,aIKhjk wÈhr - iQlaIau úYaf,aIKh

• 1 jk wÈhf¾ isiq lKavdhu u f;dard .kak' fmr wÈhf¾ jHdmdr woyia w;=frka

jvd;a fhda.H hehs ks.ukh lrk ,o jHdmdr woyia muKla f;dard .ekSug

Wmfoia fokak'

• my; i|yka wdlD;sfha oelafjk ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj 0-10 olajd mrdihl ,l=Kq

,nd§ug Wmfoia fokak' tu ks¾Kdhlj, ilH;dj jeä kï by< ,l=Kla o

ilH;dj wvq kï my< ,l=Kla o msßkukak'

•

49

New- 14-6-4

III jk wÈhr (SWOT) úYaf,aIKh

• Yla;Ska" ÿ¾j,;d" wjia:d yd ;¾ck ms<sn| j ksoiqka iys; j meyeÈ,s lr § ta

ms<sn| j ukd wjfndaOhla ,nd fokak'

• by; wÈhf¾ isiq lKavdhu u fhdod .kak'

• II jk wÈhf¾ we.hSfuka jeä u ,l=Kq ,nd.;a jHdmdr woyia ;=kla muKla f;dard

.ekSug Wmfoia fokak'

• fmr mßÈ u 0-10 olajd mrdihl ,l=Kq my; oelafjk wdlD;sfha oelafjk

ks¾Kdhlj,g wkqj ,nd§ug Wmfoia fokak'

fjf<|fmd<

$ b,au wf,ú l

r .

ekSfï

yel

shdj

&

wjYH fl

frk

Y%uh imhd

.ek

Sfï

yel

shdj

wjYH f

lfrk

wuqøj

H

imhd .ek

Sfï

yel

shdj

wjYH f

lfrk

;dl

aIK

yd

Wml

rK

imhd .ek

Sfï y

elshd

;r.hg u

qyqK

§fï y

elshdj

m%d.

aOk

h i

mhd .ek

Sfï y

elshdj

rcfha È

ß.ek

aùï ;

sîu

iajl

Sh o

ekqu" l

=i,;d" m

<mqreo

ao"we,

au w

dÈh

we.hSu i|yd

Ndú; lrk

ks¾Kdhl

jHdmdr woyi

1'

2'

uqM

,l=Kq

ixLHdj

jHdmdr woyijHdmdr woyijHdmdr woyijHdmdr woyijHdmdr woyi Yla;SkaYla;SkaYla;SkaYla;SkaYla;Ska oq¾aj,;doq¾aj,;doq¾aj,;doq¾aj,;doq¾aj,;d wjia:dwjia:dwjia:dwjia:dwjia:d ;¾ck;¾ck;¾ck;¾ck;¾ck

uququququq¿¿¿¿¿,l=Kq,l=Kq,l=Kq,l=Kq,l=Kq

1'

2'

3'

W O TS

50

New- 14-6-4

fuys§ jeäu ,l=Kq ysñlr f.k we;s woyi jHdmdrh i|yd f;dard .efka'

ksmqK;d uÜgug wod< mdvï ksuùfuka wk;=rej my; i|yka ls%hdldrlfuys isiqka

ksr; lsÍug fhdackd flf¾'

jHdmdr woyia w;=ßka jHdmdr wjia:djla lr.; yels fhda.H woyila f;aÍu olajd jQ

mshjr wkq.ukh lrñka jHdmdr wjia:djla ;SrKh lsÍu i|yd jQ flaj, mejreula

fhdackd flf¾' tys§ my; Wmfoia isiqkag ,nd fokak' fï i|yd m%udKj;a ld,hla ,nd

fokak'

I mshjr

jHdmdr woyia yels ;rï ckkh lr iajlSh wjfndaO yd jegySu wkqj ie,ls,a,g

f.k tajdhska iqÿiq jHdmdr woyia 10 la f;aÍu

II mshjr

tu jHdmdr woyia 10 iQlaIau úYaf,aIKh i|yd Ndú; lrk ,o idOl ie,ls,a,g

f.k ,l=Kq 0-10 olajd mrdihl ,l=Kq ,nd foñka jeäu ,l=Kq ,nd.;a woyia 03 la

f;aÍu'

III mshjr

tu jHdmdr woyia 03 SWOT úYaf,aIKhlg Ndckh lr jHdmdr wjia:djla lr .;

yels iqÿiq u jHdmdr woyi f;aÍu


• iEu jHdmdr woyila u fyd| jHdmdr wjia:djla fkdjk nj ks.ukh lrhs'

• úêu;a l%ufõohla wkq.ukh lrñka jHdmdr wjia:djla lr .; yels jHdmdr

woyila f;darhs'

• jHdmdr wjia:djla lr .;a jHdmdr woyig kS;Hdkql+, /ljrK i,id .;

yels wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrhs'


10 fY%aKshg fm<fmd;

wdlD;sj, msgm;a

uq,sl joka $ ixl,amuq,sl joka $ ixl,amuq,sl joka $ ixl,amuq,sl joka $ ixl,amuq,sl joka $ ixl,am jHdmdr wjia:d

id¾j úYaf,aIKh

iqlaIu úYaf,aIKh

Y ÿ w ; ^ & úYaf,aIKh

fmagkaÜ n,m;%h

nqoaê l,ïNkh i|yd wjYH øjH

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SWOT

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- 7 mßÉfþoh•

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Documents

jHjidhl;aj wOHhkh .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh · iii wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsjqvh cd;sl wOHdmk fldñIka iNdj u.ska ks¾foaY lrk ,o cd;sl uÜgfï ksmqK;d ixj¾Okh lsÍfï uQ,sl wruqK iys;j