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J SJ A P A NE S EINDUSTR IALSTANDARDT r a n s l a t e d a n d P u b l i s h e d b yJ a panese Stan d a ds Assoc ia t i on

JIS Z 2244~2003(JISF/JSA)Vickers hardness test-Test method

ICs 77.040; 10Reference number : JIS Z 2244 :2003 (E)

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Z 2244 :2003ForewordThis translation has been made based on the original Japanese IndustrialStandard revised by the Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry throughdeliberations at the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee, as th eresult of proposal for revision of Japanese Industrial Standard submittedby The Japa n Iron and Steel Federation (JISF) /the Japanese StandardsAssociation (JSA) with the draft being attached, based on the provisionof Article 12 Clause 1 of the Industria l Standardization Law applicablet o the case of revision by the provision of Article 14. Consequently, JIS2 244 : 1998 is replaced with this Standard.

Date of Establishment: 1952-06-21Date of Revision: 2003-03-20Date of Public Notice in Official Gazette: 2003-03-20Investigated by: Japanese Industria l Standards Committee

Standards BoardTechnical Committee on Iron and Steel

TIS Z 2244 :2003, First English edition published in 2003-07

Translated and published by: Japanese Standards Association4-1-24, Akasaka, M inato-ku, Tokyo, 107-8440 JAPAN

In the event of any doubts arising as to the contents,the original JIS is to be the final authority.

O JSA 2003Ali rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced orutilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying andmicrofilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.Printed in Japan

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JAPANESE INDUSTRIAL STANDARD JIS Z 2244 2003

Vickers hardness test-Test method

Introduction This Japanese Industrial Standard has been prepared based on IS06507-1 Metallic materials-Vickers hardness test-Part 1 : est method published in1997, without modification in the technical contents, but with some additions ofnormative items that are not specified in the corresponding International Standard.In this Standard, portions underlined with dots are matters th at are not included inthe original International Standard. List of modifications with their explanations isshown in the Annex 1 (informative).1 Scope This Standard specifies the Vickers hardness tes t method mainly fo r themetallic materials the test force of which is 98.07 mN or more.

The Vickers hardness test is specified in this S tandard for lengths of indentationdiagonals between 20 pm and 1.400 pm.

Remarks 1 For specific materials and products, particular standa rds exist.2 The Vickers hardness test for the lengths of indentation diagonals

less than 20 pm and the test force of less than 98.07 mN shall con-form t o this Standard.

............................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3 The International Standard corresponding t o this Standard is asfollows.In addition, symbols which denote the degree of correspondence

in the contents between the relevant International Standard and JISare IDT (identical), MOD (modified), and NEQ (not equivalent) ac-cording t o ISODEC Guide 21.IS 0 6507-1 :1997 Metallic materials-Vickers hardness test-Part 1:Test method (MOD)

2 Normative reference The following standard contains provisions which, throughreference in this Standard, constitute provisions of this Standard. The most recentedition of the standard indicated below (including amendments) shall be applied.

JIS B 7725 Vickers hardness test-Verification of testing machinesRemarks : IS 0 6507-2:1997 Metallic materials-Vickers hardness test-Part 2 :

Verification of testing machines is equivalent to the said standard.3 Principle A diamond indenter in the form of a right pyramid with a squarebase and with a specified angle between opposite faces at the vertex is forced intothe surface of a test piece followed by measurement of the diagonal length of theindentation left in the surface after removal of the test force, F (see Figure i).

The Vickers hardness is proportional t o the quotient obtained by dividing the testforce by the sloping area of the indentation which is assumed t o be a right pyramidwith a square base, and having at the vertex the same angle as th e indenter.

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2Z 2244 :2003

a) Vickers indenterFigure 1

b) Vickers indentationPrinciple of the test

4 Symbols and denotation of hardness4.1 Symbols Symbols and the ir definitions a re given in Table 1 (see

Table 1 Symbols and their definitionsSymbolF DefinitionAngle between the opposite faces at the vertex of the pyramidalindenter (136')

Test force, in newtonsArithmetic mean, in millimeters, of the two diagonals length d land dz(see Figure i )

Test forceSurface area of indentationickers hardness =Constant x136"2Fsin- 2 F%0.1891-d2 d2=0.102x

%0.102NOTE: Constant =-g , 9.80665

Figure i).

4.2preceded by the hardness value followed bya)b)

Denotation of hardness The Vickers hardness is denoted by the symbol HVa number representing the test force (see Table 2);the duration of loading, in seconds, if different from th e time specified in 7 d).EXAMPLES12

640 HV30 =Vickers hardness of 640 determined with a test force of 294.2 Napplied for 10 s t o 15 s.640 HV30/20 =Vickers hardness of 640 determined with a test force of 294.2 Napplied for 20 s.

5 Testing machine The testing machine shall be as follows:a) Testing machine, capable of applying a predetermined force within the requiredrange of test forces, in accordance with JIS B 7725.

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3Z 2244 :2003

b)c)

Indenter, as specified in JIS B 7725.Measuring device, as specified in JIS B 7725.NOTE : A recommended procedure for monitoring the uncertainty of the hard-

ness testing machine by the users is given in Annex D.6 Test piece The test piece shall be as follows:a) The test shall be carried out on a surface which is smooth and even, free fromoxide scale, foreign matter and, in particular, completely free from lubricants,

unless otherwise specified in product standards.The finish of the surface shall permit accurate determination of the diagonal

length of the indentation.Preparation shall be carried out in such a way that any alteration of the sur-face hardness, due t o heat o r cold-working, for example, is minimized.Due t o the small depth of Vickers microhardness indentations, it is essentialthat special precautions a re taken during preparation. It is recommended t ouse a polishing/electropolishing process which is suitable for the material pa-rameters.The thickness of the test piece or of the layer under test shall be a t least 1.5times the diagonal length of the indentation (see Annex A ) . No deformationshall be visible at the back of th e test piece after the test.For tests on curved surfaces, the corrections given in Tables B . l t o B .6 shall beapplied t o convert the apparent hardness t o the corresponding hardness of theflat surface.For test pieces of small cross-section or of irregular shape, it may be necessaryt o provide some form of additional support.Information : In the preparation and testing of the test piece of small dimen-

sion o r of complicated shape, it is recommended to hold it by usingparticular holders or by embedding it in resin. However, th emethod employed shall not affect the hardness of the test piece.When embedding the test piece in resin, care shall be taken becausethe heat generation along with hardening of resin, and pressureand temperature during press forming may affect the hardnessof the test piece.

b)

c)

d)

e)

..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

7 Test The test shall be as follows:a) In general, the test is carried out at ambient temperature within the limits of10 "C o 35 O C . Tests carried out under controlled conditions shall be made at

a temperature of (23 i. 5) "C .The test force shall be as given in Table 2. Other test forces than those in Table 2are allowed t o be used.b)

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4Z 2244 :2003

Mater ial of tes t piece

Table 2 Correspondence between hardness symbols and test forces

Steel, nickel alloys, ti ta niu m alloys,copper a nd copper alloys

Light metal, lead, tin a ndtheir alloys..............................................

Hardnesssymbol

Hvo.01HV0.015Hv0.02HV0.025mo:!?!?Hv0.05Hvo.l

Distance between t he c entre ofindentations*

Nominal value ofth e test force FN

0.098 070.147 10.196 10.245 20:29420.490 30.980 7

3d min.

Hardnesssymbol

Distance from the cen tre of anyindentation to th e edge of test piece

Hv0.2Hv0.3Hv0.5HV1Hv2Hv3HV5

2.5d min.

Nominal value ofthe test force FN

Hardnesssymbol Nominal value ofthe t est force FN

1.9612.9424.9039.807

19.6129.4249.03

HV10HV20HV30HV50HV100

98.07196.1294.2490.3980.7

c) The test piece shall be placed on a rigid support. The support surfaces shall beclean and free from foreign mat te r (scale, oil, dirt , etc.). I t is important th atthe test piece lies firmly on the support so that displacement cannot occur dur-ing the test.Bring the indenter into contact with the tes t surface and apply the test force ina direction perpendicular t o the surface, without shock o r vibration, until theapplied force attains the specified value.

The time from the initial application of the force until the full tes t force isreached shall not be less than 2 s nor greater than 8 s. For the tests with testforces 29.42 N o r less, this time shall not exceed 10 s. For the tests with testforces 29.42 N o r less, the approach speed of the indenter shall not exceed 0.2 mm / s .

If a recommended condition is provided t o the testing machine, that condi-tion mav be amlied.

d)

..........................................................................................................................................................I L A.........................................

The duration of the tes t force shall be 10 s t o 15 s. For particular materials,a longer time for maintaining th e force is provided; this time shall be appliedwith a tolerance of A 2 s.Throughout the test, the testing machine shall. be protected from shock or vi-bration.The distance between the centres of tw o adjacent indentations and the distancebetween the centre of any indentation and the edge of the test piece shall be asgiven in Table 3 in relation t o the mean diagonal length of the indentation d.

e)

f)

Table 3 Position of indentation

6d min.

3d min.

Note * If the adjacent indentations differ in sizes, d shall be the arithmetical meanof the diagonals of the larger indentation.

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5Z 2244 :2003

g) Measure the lengths of the two diagonals. The arithmetical mean of the tworeadings shall be taken for the calculation of the Vickers hardness.For flat surfaces, the difference between the lengths of two indentation di-

agonals should not be greater than 5 %. If the difference is greater, this shallbe stated in the test report.Remarks : Calculated values of hardness according t o the formula of Vickers

hardness in Table 1 are shown in Tables C . l t o C.3......................................................................................................... .....................................................

8 Uncertainty of the results The uncertainty of results is dependent on vari-ous parameters which may be separated into two categories:a) parameters depending on the Vickers hardness testing machine (including theuncertainty of the verification of the testing machine and of the calibration of

the reference blocks);parameters depending on the application of the test method (variation of theoperating conditions).Remarks 1 I t is recommended that the complete evaluation of the uncertaintyis in accordance with IS0 Guide GUM (Guide to the expression ofuncertainty in measurement) .

2 It may be assumed th at the expanded uncertainty with 95 % con-fidence level of the uncertainty corresponding t o a) s equivalentt o the tolerances of errors of hardness of the testing machines shownin Table 7 of JIS B 7725 .

b)

........................................................................

9 Test report The test report shall include the following information:reference t o this Standard;all details necessary for identification of the test piece;the result obtained;all operations not specified by th is S tandard, or regarded as optional;details of any occurrence which may have affected th e results;the temperature of the tes t, if it is outside the range specified in 7 ).NOTES12

A strict comparison of hardness values is only possible at identical test forces.There is no general process of accurately converting Vickers hardness intoother scales of hardness or into tensile st rength. Such conversions there-fore should be avoided, unless a reliable basis for conversion can be obtainedby comparison tests.It should be noted that for anisotropic materials, for example those whichhave been heavily cold-worked, there will be a difference between the lengthsof the two diagonals of the indentat ion. Where possible, the indentationshould be made so th at the diagonals ar e inclined at approximately 45" t othe direction of cold-working.

3

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6Z 2244 : 003Information1

2

The specification for the product may indicate limits for the differences betweenthe lengths of the two diagonals.There is evidence that some materials may be sensitive t o the rate af strainingwhich causes small changes in the value of the yield stress. The correspondingeffect on the termination of the formation of an indentation can make alter-ations in the hardness value.

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7Z 2244 :2003Annex A (normative)

Minimum thickness of the test piece in relationto the test force and to the hardness

This nomogram has been designed for the minimum thickness of a test piece, as-suming tha t the minimum thickness has t o be ten times o r more the depth of theindentation. The required thickness is given by the point of intersection of the minimumthickness scale and a line (shown by a long dashed short dashed line in the example)joining the test force (right-hand scale) with the hardness (left-hand scale).

VickershardnessHV

2oooF1O00300

2oobl o o t50I-200E

--

HardnesssymbolHV 0.001

Minimum Diagonalthickness length ofof test piece indentation 0.002

0.0030.001 0.005

0.0

mm mm0.0010.002

0.0030.005 0.020.03

0.0050.01

0.05o.10.0210.03 0.020.053O3 0.O30.5

1

-----.-I-.2rLc

E

1C2c3c5(

1O

TestforceN

9.807x 1O-319.61x ~ O - ~29.42x 1O -349.03x 1O-398.07 x1O-30.19610.29420.49030.98071.9612.9424.903

. 9.807

. 19.61

.29.42

. 49.03- 98.07- 196.1- 294.2- 490.3- 980.7

Figure A.l Nomogram designed for the minimum thicknessof the test piece (HVO.001................. t o HV100)

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82 2244 :2003

~ d /D Correctionfactor d /D correction factor0.004 0.995 0.086 0.9200.009 0.990 0.093 0.9150.013 . 0.985 0.100 0.910

Annex B (normative)Tables of correction factors for use in tests made on curved surfaces

B.l Spherical surfaces Tables B.l and B.2 give the correction factors when testsare made on spherical surfaces (convex and concave).

The correction factors are tabulated in terms of the ratio of the mean diagonal dof the indentation t o the diameter D of the sphere.

EXAMPLEConvex sphereTest forceMean diagonal of indentation

D = l O m r nF =98.07 Nd =0.150 mm

d 0.15D 10- 0.015-- 98.07Vickers hardness (uncorrected) =0.189 1x =824 HV100 . W

Correction factor from Table B.l , by interpolation =0.983Hardness of sphere =824 x 0.983 =810 HV10

Table B.l Convex spherical surfaces

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Table B.2 Concave spherical surfaces

0.045 1.O60 0.087 1.1350.05 1 i .O70 0.091 1.145

B.2 Cylindrical surfaces Tables B.3 t o B.6 give the correction factors when testsare made on cylindrical surfaces. The correction factors are tabulated in terms of theratio of the mean diagonal d of the indentation to the diameter D of the cylinder.

EXAMPLEConcave cylinder, one diagonal ofthe indentation parallel t o axisTest forceMean diagonal of indentation

0 = 5 m mF =294.2 Nd =0.415 mm

Vickers hardness (uncorrected)=O. 189 1 x 294.20.4152 =323 HV30Correction factor from Table B.6Hardness of cylinder =323 x 1.075

=1.075=347 HV30

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102 2244 :2003

0.104 1 O650.112 1 O700.119 1 O75

Table B.3 Convex cylindrical surfaces-Diagonals at 45" to the axis

0.209 1.1400.216 1.1450.222 1.150

dlD0.0090.0170.0260.0350.0440.0530.0620.0710.081

0.068

0.0900.1000.109 '

0.970 0.243 0.940

Table B.4 Concave cylindrical surfaces-Diagonals at 45" to the axis

Table B.5 Convex cylindrical surfaces-One diagonal parallel to axisI diD I Correction factor II d/D

0.009 0.995 0.0850.019 0.990 0.1040.029 0.985 0.126

0.980 O. 1530.054 0.975 O. 189

Correction factor0.9650.9600.9550.9500.945

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0.0630.0670.0710.0760.0790.083

1 O50 0.113 1.1251O55 0.116 1.1301O60 0.118 1.1351O6 5 0.120 I . 1401 .O70 0.123 1.1451.O75 O. 125 1.150

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12Z 2244 2003

4.644.544.464.374.294.214.134.053.973.903.833.763.703.633.573.513.453.393.333.273.223.173.113.063.022.972.922.872.832.792.742.702.662.622.582.542.512.472.432.40

Annex C (normative)Tables of Vickers hardness values

9.279.098.918.748.578.418.258.107.957.807.667.527.397.267.137.016.896.776.666.556.446.336.236.136.035.935.845.755.665.575.495.405.325.245.165.095.014.944.874.80

diagonal ofindentation

0.020 o0.020 20.020 40.020 60.020 80.021 o0.021 20.021 40.021 60.021 80.022 o0.022 20.022 40.022 60.022 80.023 O0.023 20.023 40.023 60.023 80.024 O0.024 20.024 40.024 60.024 80.025 O0.025 20.025 40.025 60.025 80.026 O0.026 20.026 40.026 60.026 80.027 O0.027 20.027 40.027 60.027 8

Test force,F (N)0.009807 I 0.01961 I 0.04903 I 0.098 07 I 0.196 1 I 0.2452 I 0.4903 1 0.9807

Vickers hardnessHVO.001 I HV0.002 HV0.005

23.1822.7222.2821.852 1.432 1.o220.6320.2519.8719.5119.1618.8118.4818.1517.8417.5317.2316.9316.6516.3716.1015.83t5.5715.3215.0714.8314.6014.3714.1513.9313.7213.5113.3013.1012.9112.7212.5312.3512.1712.00

HVO.0146.3645.4544.5643.7042.8642.0541.2640.4939.7539.0238.3237.6336.9636.335.6735 O634.4533.8733.3032.7432.203 i .6731.1530.6430.1529.6729.2028.7428.3027.8627.4327.0226.6126.2125.8225.4425.0724.7024.3424.00

HV0.0292.7290.8989.1287.3985.7284.1O82.5280.9879.4978.0476.6275.2573.9172.617 1.3470.1 i68.9067.7366.5965.4764.3963.3362.2961.2860.3059.3458.4057.4856.5955.7254.8654.0353.2152.415 .6350.8750.1349.4048.6947.99

HV0.025115.9113.6111.4i09.3107.2105.1103.2101.299.3897.5795.8094.0892.4190.7889.2087.6586. 584.6883.2581.8680.5079.1777.8876.6275.3974.1973.0171.8770.7569.6668.5967.5566.5365.5364.5663.6062.6761.7660.8760.00

HV0.05231.8227.2222.8218.5214.32 10.2206.3202.5198.7195.1191.6188.1184.8181.5178.4175.3i 72.3169.3166.5163.7161.0158.3155.7153.2i 50.7148.3146.0143.7141.5139.3i 37.2135.1133.0131.0129.1127.2125.3123.5121.7120.0

HVO.1463.6454.5445.6437.0428.6420.5412.6404.9397.5390.2383.2376.3369.6363.1356.7350.6344.5338.7333.0327.4322.0316.7311.5306.4301.5296.7292.0287.4283.0278.6274.3270.2266.1262.1258.2254.4250.7247.0243.4240.0

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132 2244 :2003Table C . l (continued)

Meandiagonal ofindentationdmm

0.028 O0.028 20.028 40.028 60.028 80.029 O0.029 20.029 40.029 60.029 80.030 O0.030 20.030 40.030 60.030 80.031 O0.031 20.031 40.031 60.031 80.032 O0.032 20.032 40.032 60.032 80.033 O0.033 20.033 40.033 60.03380.034 O0.034 20.034 40.034 60.034 80.035 O0.035 20.035 40.035 60.035 80.036 O0.036 20.036 40.036 60.036 8

Test force,F (NI0.009 807 I 0.019 61 I 0.049 03 I 0.098 07 I 0.196 1 I 0.245 2 1 0.490 3 I 0.980 7

Vickers hardnessHVO.OO1

2.372.332.302.272.242.212.182.152.122.092 O62.032.011.981.951.931.911.881.861.831.811.791.771.741.72I .701.68I .661.641.621.601.591.571.551.531.511.501.48I .461.45I .431.421.401.381.37

HV0.0024.734.664.604.534.474.4 14.354.294.234.184.124.074.013.963.913.863.813.763.713.673.623.583.533.493.453.413.363.323.283.253.213.173.133.103.063.032.992.962.932.892.862.832.802.772.74

HV0.00511.8311.6611.5011.3311.181I .o210.8710.7310.5810.4410.3010.1710.039.909.779.659.529.409.289.179.058.948.838.728.628.518.418.318.218.128.027.937.837.747.667.577.487.407.327.237.157.087.006.926.85

HVO.0123.6523.3222.9922.6722.3622.0521.752 1.4621.1720.8820.6120.3320.0719.8119.5519.3019.0518.8118.5718.3418.1117.8917.6717.4517.2417.0316.8216.6216.4316.2316.0415.8615.6715.4915.3115.1414.9714.8014.6314.4714.3114.1514.0013.8413.69

HV0.0247.3046.6445.9845.3444.7 144. I O43.5042.9142.3341.7641.2140.6640.1339.639.0938.5938.1037.6137.1436.6736.2235.7735.3334.9034.4734.0633.6533.2432.8532.4632.0831.713 1.3430.9830.6230.2729.9329.5929.2628.9428.6228.3027.9927.6927.39

HV0.02559.1458.3157.4956.6955.9055.1354.3853.6452.9252.2 15 1.5250.8450.1749.5248.8848.2541.6347.0346.4345.8545.2844.7244. I743.6343.1042.5842.0741.5641 .O740.5940.1139.6439.1838.7338.2937.8537.4237.0036.5936.1 835.7835.3835.0034.634.24

HV0.05118.3116.6115.0113.3111.8110.2108.7107.3105.8104.4103.0101.7100.399.0297.7496.4895.2594.0492.859 .6990.5489.4288.3287.2486. 885.1484.1283.182. I281.1680.2079.2778.3577.4576.5675.6974.8373.9973.1672.347 .5470.7569.9869.2168.46

--

--

--

--

HVO.l236.5233.2229.9226.7223.6220.5217.5214.6211.7208.8206.1203.3200.7198.1195.5193.0190.5188.1185.7183.4i8i . i178.9176.7114.5172.4170.3168.2166.2164.3162.3160.4158.6156.7154.9153.1151.4149.7148.0146.3144.7143.1141.5140.0138.4136.9

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14Z 2244 : 003

HV0.0022.712.682.652.622.602.572.542.512.492.462.442.412.392.362.342.322.292.272.252.232.2 12.182.162. I42.122.102.082.062.042.022.011.991.971.951.931.92I .901.881 861.851.831.821.801.781.77

Table C . l (continued)

HVQ.0056.776.706.636.566.496.426.356.296.226.166.106.035.975.915.855.795.745.685.625.575.525.465.415.365.315.265.215.165.115.065.014.974.924.884.834.794.754.704.664.624.584.544.504.464.42

Meandiagonal ofindentationdmrn

0.037 O0.037 20.037 40.037 60.037 80.038 O0.038 20.038 40.038 60.038 80.039 O0.039 20.039 40.039 60.039 80.040 O0.040 20.040 40.040 60.040 80.041 O0.041 20.041 40.041 60.041 80.042 O0.042 20.042 40.042 60.042 80.043 O0.043 20.043 40.043 60.043 80.044 O0.044 20.044 40.044 60.044 80.045 O0.045 20.045 40.045 60.045 8

HV0.0567.7367.0066.2865.5864.8964.2163.5462.8862.2361.5960.9660.3459.7359.1258.5357.9557.3756.8156.2555.7055.1654.6254.0953.5853.0652.5652.065 1.5751.O950.650.1449.6849.2248.7748.3347.8947.4647.0346.6 146.2045.7945.3844.9844.5944.20

Test force,F (N )0.009 807 I 0.01961 I 0.049 03 I 0.098 07 I 0.196 1 I 0.245 2 I 0.490 3 I 0.980 7

Vickers hardness HV0.I135.5134.0132.6131.2129.8128.4127.1125.8124.5123.2121.9120.7119.5118.3117.1115.9114.8113.6112.5111.4110.3109.3108.2107.2106.1105.104.1103.2102.2101.2100.399.3798.4697.5696.6795.7994.9394.0793.2392.4091.5890.7789.9789.1988.41

HVO.0011.351.341.331.311.301.281.271.261.241.23I .221.211.191.181.171.161.151.141.131.111.101 O 91.O81 O71 O61 O5i .O41 .O31 o21 o11 .o0

...

. ...........

.. .. . .

...

. . .

. . ....

. . .

. . .

...

HVO.0113.5513.4013.2613.1212.9812.8412.7112.5812.4512.3212.1912.071 .9511.8311.7111.5911.4811.3611.2511.141 1 .O310.9310.8210.7210.6110.5110.4110.3210.2210.1210.039.949.859.769.679.589.499.419.329.249.169.089.008.928.84

HV0.0227.0926.8026.5 I26.2325.9625.6825.4125.1524.8924.6324.3824.1323.8923.6523.4123.1822.9522.7222.5022.2822.0621.852 1.6421.4321.2321.0220.8320.6320.4420.2520.0619.8719.6919.5 I19.3319.1618.9818.8118.6418.4818.3118.1517.9917.8417.68

HV0.02533.8733.5133.1532.8032.4532.13 1.773 1.4431.1230.8030.4830.1729.8729.5729.2728.9828.6928.4128.1327.8527.5827.3227.0526.7926.5426.2926.0425.7925.5525.3125.0824.8524.6224.3924.1723.9523.7323.5223.3 123.1022.9022.7022.5022.3022.10

PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT--```,`,,```, ,`,``,`,`,` ``,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

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HV0.0543.8243.4443.0642.7042.3341.9741.6241.2740.9240.5840.2439.9139.5839.2538.93

-

Table C . l (continued)

HVO.187.6486.8886.1485.4084.6783.9583.2482.5481.8581.1780.4979.8279.1778.5277.87

Meandiagonalofindentationdmm

0.046 O0.046 20.046 40.046 60.046 80.047 O0.047 20.047 40.047 60.047 8

HVO.OO1........ .. . ... ..... . .. . .. . .. . ........ . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .

0.048 O0.048 20.048 40.048 60.048 80.049 O0.049 20.049 40.049 60.049 80.050 o0.050 20.050 40.050 60.050 80.051 O0.051 20.051 40.051 60.051 8

HV0.002 HV0.005 HVO.01 HV0.02 HV0.0251.75 4.38 8.76 17.53 21.911.74 4.34 8.69 17.38 21.721.72 4.31 8.61 17.23 21.541.71 4.27 8.54 17.08 21.351.69 4.23 8.47 16.93 21.171.68 4.20 8.40 16.79 20.991.66 4.16 8.32 16.65 20.811.65 4.13 8.25 i 6.51 20.641.64 4.09 8.18 16.37 20.461.62 4.06 8.12 16.23 20.291.61 4.02 8.05 16.10 20.121.60 3.99 7.98 15.96 19.961 58 3.96 7.92 15.83 19.791.57 3.93 7.85 15.70 19.631.56 3.89 7.79 15.57 19.471.54 3.86 7.72 15.45 19.311.53 3.83 7.66 15.32 19.151.52 3.80 7.60 15.20 19.001.51 3.77 7.54 i 5.07 18.851.50 3.74 7.48 14.95 18.701.48 3.71 7.42 14.83 18.551.47 3.68 7.36 14.72 18.401.46 3.65 7.30 14.60 18.251.45 3.62 7.24 14.48 18.111.44 3.59 7.19 14.37 17.97

0.052 o0.052 20.052 40.052 60.052 80.053 O0.053 20.053 40.053 60.053 80.054 O0.054 20.054 40.054 60.054 8

38.6238.3037.9937.6937.3837.0936.7936.5036.2135.9335.6535.3735.0934.8234.55

Test force,F (N )

77.2476.6175.9975.3874.7874.1873.5973.0172.4371.8671.3070.7470.1969.6569.11

0.009 807 I 0.019 61 1 0.049 03 I 0.09807 1 0.196 1 I 0.245 2 I 0.490 3 I 0.980 7

. . .

. . ....

. . .

...

Vickers hardness

1.43 3.56 7.13 14.26 17.831.41 3.54 7.07 14.15 17.691.40 3.51 7.02 14.04 17.551.39 3.48 6.97 13.93 17.411.38 3.46 6.91 13.82 17.28. . .

. . .

. . ...........

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HV0.0021.231.221.211.201.191.181.171.171.161.151.141.131.131.121.111.101 .O91 O91.O81 O7i .O71 .O61.o51 O41 O4

Table C . l (continued)

HV0.005 HVO.013 O6 6.133 O4 6.093 O2 6.043.00 6.002.98 5.962.96 5.912.94 5.872.91 5.832.89 5.792.87 5.752.85 5.712.83 5.672.81 5.632.79 5.592.78 5.552.76 5.5 I2.74 5.472.72 5.442.70 5.402.68 5.362.66 5.332.65 5.292.63 5.262.61 5.222.59 5.19

Meandiagonal ofindentationdmm

2.582.562.542.522.512.492.482.462.442.432.412.402.382.372.352.342.322.312.292.28

0.055 O0.055 20.055 40.055 60.055 80.056 O0.056 20.056 40.056 60.056 80.057 O0.057 20.057 40.057 60.057 80.058 o0.058 20.058 40.058 60.058 80.059 O0.059 20.059 40.059 60.059 80.060 O0.060 20.060 40.060 60.060 80.061 O0.061 20.061 40.061 60.061 8

5.155.125.085.055.024.984.954.924.894.864.824.794.764.734.704.674.644.614.584.56

0.062 O0.062 20.062 40.062 60.062 80.063 O0.063 20.063 40.063 60.063 8

Test force,F (N)0.009 807 I 0.01961 I 0.049 03 I 0.09807 I 0.196 1 I 0.245 2 I 0.4903 I 0.980 7

Vickers hardnessHVO.OO1

.. .. . .. . ... ................

.... . .

...

.. ....

. . ..... . ... .

.... . .

. . .

. . .

. . ....

. ..

. . .

. . .

. . "....... . .. . .

. . .. . .. .