Jovenes libertarios de Málaga

7/23/2019 Jovenes libertarios de Mlaga

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GO]BOND R]BCDR

Hn xno ko{o lh ld{ ufon|o{& gxr kh}ko lhf Uofokbd Hub{kduof& zbnd of gxnld

Go}bond R}bcdr. Hn fo ufon|o moio& {x uol}h |}omoiomo aokbhnld {hffd{ lh cdgo r fh|}h}d{

lh ud}khfono. Go}bond k}hkb zbhnld o {x uol}h |}omoio}. O fo hlol hn qxh fd{ nbd{&

lhmhn bnc}h{o} hn fo h{kxhfo& fd abyd nxh{|}d ogbcd& {bhnld xn ozhn|oiold ofxgnd gxr

ou}hkbold ud} {x{ goh{|}d{ ud} {x oufbkokbn r mdnlol lh ko}k|h}.

O fd{ ?: od{ lhio fo h{kxhfo uo}o orxlo} o {x uol}h& hn kxrd djbkbd {h aokh xn

zh}lolh}d goh{|}d. Kxonld |hno ?2 od{ xno |h}}bmfh hnjh}ghlol fh o}}onko o {x

u}dchnb|d} lhf |}omoid& r gh{h{ lh{ux{& fo zblo. R oqx |hnhgd{ o nxh{|}d Go}bond&aokbhnld j}hn|h o fo{ nhkh{blolh{ lhf |}omoid r lhf adco}.

Fh kdndk kdn dko{bn lh b} o hnko}co} xn {hffd lh cdgo kdn fo bn{k}bukbn lh fo

J.B.I.F. lh Gfoco. [h aomo kdn{|b|xbld xno D}conbyokbn Ixzhnbf& qxh onlonld hf

|bhgud& aomo lh lo} fhkkbdnh{ o fd{ gord}h{. Hn fo jhkao jbiolo& nd{ u}h{hn|ogd{ o

}hkdch} nxh{|}d hnko}cd. Go}bond {h hnkdn|}omo {dfd on|h fo gh{o lh |}omoid& nd{

bn|h}}dco {dm}h hf {bcnbjbkold lh fo{ fh|}o{ lhf {hffd r {dm}h nxh{|}o{ o{ub}okbdnh{

ixzhnbfh{. [h bn|h}h{o ud} fo fhk|x}o lh oqxhffo{ blho{ qxh lhjhnlogd{ {bn ouhno{

kdndkh}fo{& r uo}o hffd fh jokbfb|ogd{ ofcxnd{ fbm}d{ r jdffh|d{ qxh nd{ lhzdfzb xno zhy

fhld{. Xno j}o|h}nof ogb{|ol nokb lh oqxhf {hffd lh cdgo.

Xn lo aomfogd{ kdn f lh nxh{|}o{ o{ub}okbdnh{& fo k}hokbn lh xn O|hnhd

Fbmh}|o}bd ldnlh fd{ izhnh{ uxlbh}on hlxko}{h {dkbofghn|h. Hf& nd{ dj}hkh {x orxlo

gd}of r hkdngbko uo}o |on fdomfh jbn. {|o nxhzo hgu}h{o ou}h| on g{ fd{ foyd{ qxh

ro nd{ xnon& qxh {fd {h}on }d|d{ ud} fo gxh}|h.

Bnc}h{o hn fo{ I.I.F.F. o ghlbold{ lh ?.2;;& lh{lh hn|dnkh{ ao{|o {x

lh{ouo}bkbdn h{ xnd lh {x{ g{ ok|bzd{ gbfb|on|h{. [x u}hkbolo kdfomd}okbn h bnbkbo|bzo&

u}dn|d {h abkbh}dn {hn|b}. [h k}ho}dn O|hnhd{& uh}d nd uo}omo oa nxh{|}o bfx{bn0 oad}o

aomo qxh k}ho} H{kxhfo{ ]okbdnofb{|o{& kdn fo zdfxn|ol g{ qxh kdn fd{ ghlbd{

hkdngbkd{& {h om}h fo u}bgh}o hn hf Uo{bffd lh [on|d Ldgbncd.

IXZHN\XLH[FBMH]\O]BO[HNGOFOCO.?2;:;2K.N.\.

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O fo {oyn& aokh ok|d lh u}h{hnkbo kdgd Uo}|bld d}conbyold fo Jofonch H{uodfo

|}o|onld lh bgudnh}{h ud} hf |h}}d}. Hn hjhk|d& fd{ izhnh{ lh lh}hkao{ okhkaon o fd{ lh

Byqxbh}lo{& r o fd{ qxh kdchn& fh{ aokhn bnch}b} okhb|h lh }bkbnd. Go}bond h{ xnd{ lh fd{

u}bgh}d{ hn zh} hf uhfbc}d lh h{o nxhzo d}conbyokbn0 o{ fd hudnh hn xno }hxnbn&

{xcb}bhnld fo nhkh{blol lh aokh}fh ko}o {bn lhgd}o. Xno cxh}}o o gxh}|h {h ao

lhkfo}old hn|}h fo }hokkbn r fo fbmh}|ol. Go}bond aokh& hn g{ lh kxo|}d dko{bdnh{&

mhmh} o fd{ jofoncb{|o{ hf ux}con|h lh qxh h}on ud}|old}h{.

Ghlbold hf od ?.2;


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Go}bond& |bhnh c}on bn|h}{ hn okfo}o} fo gxh}|h lh ]dl}bcxhy& uo}o kdnzhnkh} o

fd{ abid{ lh [|ofbn qxh fd{ ono}qxb{|o{ nd |hnon o}|h nb uo}|h hn h{|h o{h{bno|d& hf kxof

jxh okfo}old xn gh{ g{ |o}lh.

Hf ?1 lh ixfbd ao ffhcold. Ud} hf Uo}qxh r fo Ofoghlo& hf koub|n jo{kb{|o Axhfbn& z

fhrhnld hf monld kdn fo u}dkfogokbn lhf h{|old lh cxh}}o. Go}bond& lh{lh hf mofkn lh

{x ko{o& zh uo{o} fo {hkkbn lh {dflold{ qxh gonlo hf koub|n |}obld} r {h fonyo o fo

koffh hn mx{ko lh {x{ kdguoh}d{. Lh{lh oqxhf gdghn|d& h{ xnd lh h{d{ a}dh{

onnbgd{& qxh abkbh}dn ud{bmfh hf |}bxnjd lh nxh{|}o kox{o zhnkbhnld o fd{ {xmfhzold{.

Gfoco {h ubh}lh uo}o fo kox{o }huxmfbkono ud} hf omonldnd lhf Cdmbh}nd& qxh nd

hn|}hco o}go{ uo}o {x lhjhn{o& r ud} fo |}obkbn lhf Kd}dnhf Zbffofmo. Go}bond h{ xnd lhfd{ qxh kdndkh fo |}ochlbo lh oqxhffo lh{d}lhnolo hzokxokbn. H{ xnd lh fd f|bgd{ hn

{ofb} lh fo koub|of& ud} fo ko}}h|h}o kogbno aoko Ofgh}o. Ld{kbhn|d{ lbhy bfdgh|}d{

{hgm}old{ lh dmih|d{ omonldnold{& lh kolzh}h{ uxl}bnld{h hn fo{ kxnh|o{& lh ko{o{

hn }xbno{ ud} fd{ mdgmo}lhd{ lh fd{ mo}kd{ jo{kb{|o{.

Hn hf koguoghn|d lh Zbo|d} hnkxhn|}o o gxkad{ kdguoh}d{ r ogbcd{&

d}conbyonld fo 11 M}bcolo mb{& qxh h{ lh{|bnolo of j}hn|h lh Udydmfonkd. Nd {dr rd hf

ffogold o aokh} fo ab{|d}bo lhf ah}bkd kdgud}|ogbhn|d lh h{|o M}bcolo Kdnjhlh}of& qxh|on|d jxh olgb}olo ao{|o ud} hf gb{g{bgd U}hy [ofo{.

Go}bond& ud} hn|}h fd{ adncd{ lh axgd{ lh fd{ u}drhk|bfh{& zo okhfh}onld hf gd|d}

lh {x gqxbno0 h}o hf g{ bn|}ubld hnfokh hn fd{ j}hn|h{ lhf [x}.

Lh{lh qxh h{|off fo cxh}}o ao{|o qxh hf - Koxlbffd - fony ud} fo{ dnlo{ hf f|bgd

uo}|h lh cxh}}o& Go}bond {bcxh gdn|onld {dm}h {x gqxbno uo}o |}on{gb|b} }lhnh{ r

kdn{bcno{.

Cono Ofbkon|h& lnld{h kxhn|o of u}bgh} zb{|oyd lh fo {b|xokbn lh lh{d}lhn qxh

}hu}h{hn|o hf uxh}|d ldnlh gbfh{ lh uh}{dno{ h{uh}on udlh} hgmo}ko}. Kdn|bno kogbnd

lh Zofhnkbo. Fd{ jo{kb{|o{ }hkd}}hn ro fo kbxlol. [dn fd{ gdghn|d{ lh kdnjx{bn qxh

u}hkhlh o fo lh}}d|o. H{ lbjbkbf hnkdn|}o} o xn ogbcd& ud} fd qxh lhkblh lb}bcb}{h o

Yo}ocdyo ldnlh |bhnh xn ah}gond lh {x uol}h. Hn {x ko{o ubhn{o uo{o} xnd{ lbo{ uo}o


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4/50

}hudnh}{h r udlh} d}bhn|o}{h.

[x |d fh okdch kdn kbh}|o j}boflol& lh fo qxh Go}bond nd qxbh}h lo}{h ud} hn|h}old.

Kxonld g{ kdnjbold h{|omo& xn c}xud lh jofoncb{|o{ hnkomhyold ud} {x u}dubd |d&

b}}xguh hn fo aomb|okbn ldnlh fho& u}dkhlbhnld o {x lh|hnkbn. \}o{folold o Gfoco&

uo{o gxkad{ lo{ hn fo{ - kahko{ - jofoncb{|o{& r hn hf Kxo}|hf lh fo Cxo}lbo Kbzbf& ldnlh

h{ m}mo}oghn|h ouofhold {bn fdc}o} o}}onko}fh nbncxno kdnjh{bn. [h hnkh}} hn xn

gx|b{gd om{dfx|d r hf {xgo}bd {h |h}gbn kdn fo okxgxfokbn lh kbhn|d{ lh lhnxnkbo{

jof{o{ qxh Go}bond nd nhc {ombhnld fo bnx|bfblol lh {x lhjhn{o.

Fo {ofo lh fo Oxlbhnkbo h{| omo}}d|olo lh {hd}b|o{ lh jofonch. Go}bond&

|}onqxbfd& |dgo o{bhn|d hn hf monqxbffd lh fd{ okx{old{. Hf jb{kof z |}hnyonldokx{okbdnh{ ao{|o kdnjhkkbdno} fo kxh}lo kdn qxh oad}ko} of }hd. Hf omdcold bn|h}zbhnh

kdn ofcxno{ uofom}o{& qxh g{ {b}zhn lh okx{okbn qxh lh lhjhn{o o {x lhjhnlbld& r hf

|}bmxnof fh kdnlhno o fo f|bgo uhno. H{ hn|dnkh{ kxonld Go}bond kdn fo {dn}b{o hn fd{

fombd{& {h lb}bch o fd{ jofoncb{|o{ uo}o lhkb}fh{0

' ZHD _XH AOMHB[ ZHNBLD NXGH]D[D[ O ]HK]HO]D[ ON\H H[\H

H[UHK\OKXFD C]D\H[KD R KDGBKD O FO ZHY. [BHN\D HF ND AOMH]D[ LOLD

HF UFOKH] LH ZH]GH LH[JOFFHKH] ON\H HF JOFFD& _XH RO KDNDKBO LH[LH

HF GDGHN\D LH GB LH\HNKBDN. UH]D D[ OLHFON\O]H _XH ND D[ LO]H HF

UFOKH] LH GB OCDNBO

Jx}|hghn|h h{ud{old& hn|}o hn fo u}b{bn& {bhnld |}o{folold o fo khflo

lhndgbnolo - fo ioxfo -. \}{ gh{h{ }h{blb} hn fo gb{go. Gbhn|}o{ |on|d& {x gol}h

lh{drhnld fd{ kdn{hid{ lhf abid qxh}bld bgufd}o o |dlo{ fo{ ox|d}blolh{ {x bnlxf|d. Lh

|dlo{ uo}|h{ h{ hkaolo lh{|hgufologhn|h& uh}d hffo& h{ gxih} r gol}h& r {hcxb}

bgufd}onld ao{|o qxh hf ocd|ogbhn|d lh |on|o{ {ufbko{ kdnzb}|b{h hn orh{ lh ldfd} on|h

hf kolozh} lh Go}bond.

Hf oxlb|d} lh cxh}}o kdnjb}go fo {hn|hnkbo ' kgd {bhgu}h ' jbionld hf lo lh fo

hihkxkbn.

Xno ndkah& kxonld hf |dqxh lh {bfhnkbd {h uh}lo ud} fd{ f|bgd{ }bnkdnh{ lh fo{



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cofh}o{& ffhco hf ixhy hihkx|d} o kdgxnbko}fh fo lhkb{bn lhf oxlb|d}. Go}bond uh}gonhkh

kdn fo |}onqxbfblol lhf qxh }hkbmh fo nd|bkbo ro h{uh}olo& {dfbkb|o o fo lb}hkkbn qxh fh

lhihn |}onqxbfd ao{|o fo ad}o lh fo hihkxkbn. ]hkaoyo kdn lbcnblol of kx}o& {h okxh{|o

ud} f|bgo zhy hn oqxhffo khflo& qxh nd gh kon{o} lh kb|o}.

Fd{ coffd{& onxnkbon lh{lh fd{ kd}}ofh{ kh}kond{ fo zhnblo lhf lo& fo Cxo}lbo

Kbzbf& h{uh}o fo }hu}h{hn|okbn jofoncb{|o qxh ao {dfbkb|old u}h{hnkbo} fo hihkxkbn&

kxonld hf kx}o kdn hf lb}hk|d} r lhg{ djbkbofh{ {hcxbld{ lh fd{ jofoncb{|o{ om}hn fo

khflo& {h h{kouo xn c}b|d lh dlbd lh fo{ co}con|o{ lh fd{ lb{kuxfd{ lh Id{ On|dnbd. Hn

hf {xhfd mfonkd r nhc}d lh fo khflo aor xn c}on kao}kd lh {onc}h& r kdn {|h fqxbld

h{k}b|d hn fo uo}hl 9

' ZBZO FO[ I.I.F.F.

Hn hf kogo{|}d& xn kolozh}0 hf lh Go}bond qxh {d{|xzd {x uofom}o lh nd lo}fh{ fo

{o|b{jokkbn o {x{ hnhgbcd{ lh zh}fh gd}b}.

Fd{ u}h{d{& o|hn|d{ o fo - {oko -& h{kxkaon bn|}bcold{ hf b} r zhnb} lh fd{ uo{d{& lh

fo khflo o fo hnjh}gh}o& r lh {|o of khn|}d& qx {xkhlh} 4.

H{ mbhn hn|}old hf lo kxonld xno kogbffo& ud}|onld hf kolozh} lh nxh{|}d ogbcd&

h{ uxh{|o {dm}h fo kogbdnh|o lh fd{ kbzbfh{& qxh fh kdnlxkh of khghn|h}bd& ldnlh fo jd{o

kdgn fh h{uh}o& r off jx lhud{b|old Go}bond R}bcdr kxonld ouhno{ kdn|omo =; od{

lh hlol.

Go}bond gx}b kgd {xubh}dn gd}b} fd{ zh}lolh}d{ }hzdfxkbdno}bd{0 kdgd |on|d{

izhnh{ o fd{ qxh |}o|d lh }hkd}lo} r }hnlb}fh{ hf |}bmx|d lh gb ogb{|ol r {bnkh}o

olgb}okbn.

Gx}b kdgd xn ADGM]H.


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GONXHF CO]KBO JOFKDN

Oxnqxh |dld hf gxnld fh kdndko ud} Gondfbffd hf Ko|ofn& {x ndgm}h nd fd

{xubgd{ nxnko& {x zh}lolh}o nokbdnofblol h}o ofhgono.

Ffhc o Gfoco hn ?.2;?. Aoko {x {h}zbkbd gbfb|o} hn fo h{kxol}o ofhgono kdgd

zdfxn|o}bd. [x mo}kd |dk hf uxh}|d gofocxhd& r f& kgd d|}d{ go}bnd{& lh{hgmo}k.

Kdn hf xnbjd}gh lh fo go}bno ofhgono hn|}o hn xno koffh lhf mo}}bd lh fo \}bnblol& r lh off

{ofh zh{|bld lh uob{ond& kdn xn |}oih qxh bmo lbkbhnld o c}b|d{ qxh nd aomo {bld ahkad

uo}o f. Okdguoold ud} xn idzhn fbmh}|o}bd& !kxrd ndgm}h dfzbld zdfxn|o}boghn|h"&

}hkd}}h zo}bo{ ko{o{ Kxonld hf {df {h udno hn hf gdn|h Kd}dnold& {|h izhn ofhgn {h

aomo - mox|byold - hn|}h nd{d|}d{& kgd Gonxhf Co}ko Jofkn no|x}of lh Mo}khfdno.Aomo uh}lbld hn xnd{ gbnx|d{ xno uo|}bo& xn ndgm}h r xno jogbfbo& uh}d aomo

kdn{hcxbld xno nokbdnofblol& d|}d ndgm}h r& {dm}h |dld uo}o f& fd g{ bgud}|on|h& d|}o

jogbfbo 0 FO FBMH]\O]BO.

Xno zbhio kdguoh}o& qxh }hkd}lo} {bhgu}h kgd o gb u}dubo gol}h& fh u}huo}o

xn kogo{|}d hn xn }bnkn lh {x ko{o. Xn abid fh aomo nokbld kdn fo zhnblo lh oqxhf

h|}onih}d.

Aomfomo hf ko{|hffond kdn xn fbch}d okhn|d h|}onih}d& uh}d hn Onlofxko h}o lbjbkbf

lb{|bncxb} {b h}o ko|ofn d ofhgn.

Of qxh lh{lh hn|dnkh{& rd {hcxb} kdndkbhnld ud} Gondfd& ud{ho xno zo{|o

kxf|x}o0 kdndko nxh{|}d Gdzbgbhn|d r nxh{|}o{ blho{ uh}jhk|oghn|h. Hn fo{

}hxnbdnh{& o fo{ qxh lh{lh {x ffhcolo kdghny o o{b{|b}& h}o dld kdn }h{uh|d r

olgb}okbn.

Gondfbffd h}o fo mdnlol uh}{dnbjbkolo. \dld{ fd{ qxh fh |}o|o}dn fh qxb{bh}dn kdgd

o xn ah}gond& d g{ qxh o xn ah}gond& uxh{|d qxh xn mxhn kdguoh}d |bhnh o zhkh{

go{ foyd{ lh xnbn qxh xnd lh fd{ lh fo u}dubo {onc}h.

f& {omo qxh hn fd{ uh}dld{ }hzdfxkbdno}bd{& aokh g{ fomd} fo h{udn|onhblol

}ublo lh xn adgm}h lhkblbld qxh |dld{ fd{ |}o|old{ jbfd{jbkd{ aombld{ r ud} aomh}& uo}o


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|dgo} }h{dfxkbdnh{ }ublo{ nd {h uxhlh u}h|hnlh} qxh {hon jozd}omfh{ fo{ ldk|}bno{

h{k}b|o{. Gxkad{ }hzdfxkbdno}bd{& aon j}oko{old ud} fo bnlhkb{bn lh xnd{ adgm}h{ lh

mxhno zdfxn|ol qxh aon kozbfold lhgo{bold |bhgud {dm}h {b h{|o lhkb{bn h{ jozd}omfh d

nd0 lh h{d{ adgm}h{ qxh aon |hgbld hqxbzdko}{h d udnh}{h hn kdn|}olbkkbn kdn {x{

u}dubo{ ldk|}bno{.

' H{|d{ |hguh}oghn|d{& ' kgd lhko f ' iog{ ao}n fo }hzdfxkbn. Fd{

}hzdfxkbdno}bd{ kgd Mo`xnbn& |dgon lhkb{bdnh{ {bn zokbfo} r {bn }dguh}{h fo komhyo

}hjfhqbdnonld {dm}h hffo{& kdn fo gb{go }ublhy xh {h lhkblhn& }hk|bjbkon& kxonld hn fo

u}k|bko {h ouh}kbmhn xh h{|d{ nd {dn jozd}omfh{. Hf uhfbc}d nd h{| hn |dgo} xno

lhkb{bn u}hkbub|olo& {bnd hn nd |dgo} nbncxno.

Nd jxh nxnko ogbcd lh fo xnblol lh fd{ |}omoiold}h{ kgd uonokho }hlhn|d}o.

Nxh{|}o fomd} ' okd{|xgm}omo o lhkb} ' & h{| hn lh{uh}|o} fo kdnkbhnkbo lh fd{

|}omoiold}h{ ud} hf hihgufd lbo}bd lh nxh{|}o kdnlxk|o. Aor qxh mx{ko}& on|h{ lh fo

xnblol& qxh hf dm}h}d {h lh{udih lh h{h h{u}b|x mx}cx{ qxh {x{ flh}h{ fh aon

bnkxfkold. [b fdc}ogd{ bn|h}h{o} o fd{ dm}h}d{ hn {x{ u}dubd{ u}dmfhgo{& fo xnblol fo

ao}hgd{ hn fo koffh& fxkaonld ud} hf Kdgxnb{gd Fbmh}|o}bd. Gbhn|}o{ nd fdc}hgd{ h|b}uo}

lhf kh}hm}d lhf dm}h}d h{o nhkh{blol lhf - ogd -& lhf Cdmbh}nd r lh fo ]hfbcbn& |dlo

xnblol nd mhnhjbkbo}o g{ qxh of Kub|of qxh kdn|}dfo fo gord} uo}|h lh fd{lh{c}okbold{& qxbhnh{ {h gdzh}n o {x on|did on|h fo oghnoyo lhf aogm}h.

f& nd |hno c}on kdnjbonyo hn qxh fdc}}ogd{ aokh} xno }hzdfxkbn kdn fo{ o}go{

hn fo gond& {b nd h{ ouxn|olo ud} fo golx}hy gd}of h bn|hfhk|xof lh fd{ |}omoiold}h{& r hn

h{h ko{d& hf o}go {fd {h}o xn h{|d}md& uxh{|d qxh fo }hzdfxkbn qxh onahfogd{ {h

aom}o ahkad ud} fo kdguhnh|}okbn lhf zofd} lh fd{ u}dlxk|d}h{.

Gondfd h}o hnhgbcd lh fo zbdfhnkbo.

' Fo zbdfhnkbo ' lhko ' nd kdnlxkh g{ xh o fo zbdfhnkbo.

Uh}d& hnbcgo lhf ofgo axgono& oqxhf adgm}h& |h}bkd r uokjbkd o fo uo} qxh

axgbflh& hf =2 lh go}yd lh ?.2;


8/50

Gfoco ab}bhnld of kdguoh}d Ixon Jdn{hko.

' Aor gdghn|d{ ' lhko ' xh gh ozh}cxhnyd lh gb u}dubo lhmbfblol.

Hf cdmh}nold}& kdn |dlo fo jxh}yo lh qxh lb{udno& |}o|omo lh omd}|o} oqxhffo

axhfco chnh}of lh u}d|h{|o d}conbyolo ud} fo K.N.\. Xn |}onzo& h{ bnkhnlbold lh{ux{

lh aomh} ahkad moio} o {x{ dkxuon|h{. Fo bfx{bn lh Gondfd& h{ d}conbyo} xno

gonbjh{|okbn lh adgm}h{ lhkblbld{& uo}o o{of|o} fo u}b{bn r fbmh}o} o fd{ u}h{d{. Fo

nxgh}d{{bgo jxh}yo udfbkbof qxh okd}ldno fd{ mo}}bd{ fbg|}djh{ o oqxhffo& fh aokh lh{b{|b}

lh {x{ bn|hnkbdnh{.

O fo{ |}h{ lh fo |o}lh& xn c}xud lh o{of|d lh|bhnh o xn kdguoh}d kxonld |}o|omolh kdokkbdno} o xn h{qxb}df. Gondfd& {h ouh}kbmh lh hffd& r okxlh hn {x {dkd}}d&

u}dlxkbnld{h kgd kdn{hkxhnkbo xn jxh}|h |b}d|hd lx}on|h hf kxof& hf lh|hnbld& fdc}o

h{kouo}{h lh fo{ co}}o{ udfbkoko{. Lh u}dn|d& Gondfd& {h ffhzo fo{ gond{ of zbhn|}h&

o}}o{|}nld{h ffhco ao{|o xn ud}|of r {h {bhn|o. Id{ [fbkh Zbk|d}bd qxh fh zh& okxlh uo}o

u}h{|o}fh oxbfbd. Gondfd |}o|o lh kdnzhnkh}fh lh qxh nd h{ nolo& qxh&

' / - fd c}ozh h{ xh {h ffhzhn of lh|hnbld -. /

[bfkhd fh kdgxnbko qxh& {|h {h ao hzolbld& h{ hn|dnkh{ kxonld kdn{bhn|h {h}

|}o{folold o ko{o lh xno kdguoh}o& ldnlh fh hogbnon fo ah}blo. Nolo uxhlh aokh} nb

fo mxhno zdfxn|ol lh fd{ qxh fh okdguoon& nb hf ko}bd qxh fh u}djh{on0 aor qxh |dgo}

xno lhkb{bn }ublo [bfkhd lhkblh kdnlxkb}fd o fo Kfnbko lhf Ldk|d} B. Co}k ]hkbd&

bnghlbo|oghn|h kdgbhnyo fo duh}okbn. Xno hnjh}gh}o |hfhjdnho o fo Cxo}lbo Kbzbf& {|o&

lh|bhnh o fd{ qxh ffhzomon of ah}bld& r o {|h gb{gd& qxh lh{ux{ lh kx}old bnc}h{o hn

fo hnjh}gh}o lh fo k}khf.

Hf ixhy& fh okx{o lh fd{ ahkad{ dkx}}bld{ hf =2 lh go}yd hn hf Uh}kahf r lh d|}d{

hn fd{ qxh nd aomo |dgold uo}|h ofcxno.

Uo{o hf |bhgud hn fo k}khf lhlbkold o fo fhk|x}o r o fo ogb{|ol.

Uo{ho ud} hf uo|bd lh fd{ kdgxnh{& aomfnldfh{ o h{|d{ lh fo nhkh{blol lh


1


9/50

}hchnh}o}{h nd qxh}bhnld h{kouo} hn fo jxco d}conbyolo& ! lh fo qxh aomfo} hn d|}o

dko{bn& }hjb}bnldgh o d|}d{ idzhnh{"& ud}qxh hf k}ho aomon lh {of|o} fd{ - d|}d{ -

{bhgu}h fd{ d|}d{ uo}o fo jokbfblol& {bhgu}h f uo}o hf {xj}bgbhn|d. Kdn|bno hn fo k}khf

{bhnld ixycold r kdnlhnold o dkad od{ lh u}b{bn ud} hf lhfb|d lh axhfco& r kxo|}d ud}

hf lh lhfb|d{ kdgxnh{& qxh hf bcnd}omo ud} aomh}{h hjhk|xold kdn on|h}bd}blol o {x

ffhcolo o H{uoo& uh}d ud} |hgd} o fo h|}olbkbn fd dkxf|& h{uh}onld qxh fd{

|}omoiold}h{ om}b}on fo{ uxh}|o{ lh |dlo{ fo{ k}khfh{ mbhn u}dn|d.

O kxgufb} {x kdnlhno jxh hnzbold of uhnof lh Mx}cd{. Off fh {d}u}hnlh hf

gdzbgbhn|d gbfb|o} jo{kb{|o. Kxon|d{ lo{ {dm}hzbzb o fo {xmfhzokbn 4. Rd fd bcnd}d&

uh}d& { qx jxh jx{bfold kdn d|}d qxh}bld kdguoh}d& Hn}bqxh \dfhlond Loy. Off hn

fo koub|of hfhcblo ud} hf |}obld} J}onkd uo}o kdn{|b|xb} fo Ixn|o lh \}obkbn& jxh hfbgbnold hf idzhn bn|h}nokbdnofb{|o Gonxhf Co}ko Jofkn& hf axgonb{|o& qxh ffd}omo on|h xn nbd

lh{kofyd& d on|h xn uio}d ah}bld. Hf adgm}h qxh gon|hno {x orxnd {b udlo hn|}hco} {x

ghnl}xcd lh uon o xn nhkh{b|old0 hf uokbjb{|o qxh hgux& qxby ud} u}bgh}o zhy& xno

ub{|dfo on|h fo bnix{|bkbo kdgh|blo o fd{ bnlhjhn{d{ u}h{d{.

[& qxh jxh h|h}gbnold ud} hf jo{kb{gd& ud}qxh o{ gh fd kdn|& hn fo u}b{bn lh

Gol}bl xn kdguoh}d qxh uxld {dm}hzbzb} o oqxhffo |}ochlbo. Nd {h kgd {h

u}h{hn|o}o on|h r j}hn|h of uhfd|n& uh}d |hncd fo kdnzbkkbn lh qxh hn oqxhffd{gdghn|d{& uhn{omo g{ qxh hn {x {b|xokbn& hn fo lh {x{ o{h{bnd{& r qxby gx}bh}o

lbkbhnld9

' Nd& nd uxhlh aomh} xnblol hn|}h fd{ |}omoiold}h{ gbhn|}o{ aoro {h}h{ kdgd

zd{d|}d{ xh hguxb{ hf jx{bf uo}o go|o} ud} xno{ ghyxbno{ gdnhlo{. Aor xh aokh}

kdnkbhnkbo{ r fo }hzdfxkbn zhnl} ud} {b {dfo.

ON\DNBD CO]KBO OFZO]HY

H}o xnd lh fd{ ghid}h{ kdnlxk|d}h{ lh |ob lh Gfoco. ]hmhflh ud} |hguh}oghn|d

on|h |dlo bnix{|bkbo {x}cbh}o ldnlh {x}cbh}o.

Jxh xnd lh fd{ ubdnh}d{ lh fo{ I.I.F.F. hn kxro jxnlokbn |dg uo}|h& udnbhnld

{dm}h h{|o nxhzo d}conbyokbn ixzhnbf |dlo fo jdcd{blol lh {x |hguh}oghn|d ok|bzd.


2


10/50

[x u}bgh}o lh|hnkbn lo|o lhf od ?.2;=& kxonld fo udfbko |}o|omo lh hzb|o} fo

khfhm}okbn lh xno cb}o d}conbyolo ud} hf O|hnhd lh Lbzxfcokbn [dkbof& uh}gonhkbhnld

hn fo k}khf ?8 lo{ hn kofblol lh u}h{d cxmh}no|bzd. [ofh lh fo u}b{bn g{ onbgold qxh

hn|}o}o r kdgbhnyo o k}ho} c}xud{ ixzhnbfh{ hn |dlo{ fo{ mo}}bolo{. Oxnqxh {x

|hguh}oghn|d nd hnkoiomo ufhnoghn|h hn hf lh fd{ d}conbyold}h{& {bnd hn hf lh fd{

adgm}h{ lh okkbn.

Fd{ uh}blbkd{ lhf Gdzbgbhn|d Fbmh}|o}bd nd ffhcomon o {x lh{|bnd. Fo udfbko

-}huxmfbkono- fd{ }h|hno hn fo h{|okbn& kdn o}}hcfd o fo |k|bko }hokkbdno}bo lh oqxhffd{

}huxmfbkond{ mx}cxh{h{.

'- Aor xh aokh} ofcd ud{b|bzd ! {dfo lhkb} "& uo}o xh nxh{|}o u}hn{o {ho fhlo&

uo}o hffd& h{ nhkh{o}bd lhgd{|}o}fh o fo{ ox|d}blolh{ xh nd h{|ogd{ lb{uxh{|d{ o

|dfh}o} {x{ kou}bkad{ -.

Fo u}hn{o h}o |}o{fololo lh{lh fo h{|okbn lhf jh}}dko}}bf o fo khn|}of }huo}|bld}o&

hn xn ko}}d |b}old ud} |}h{ komoffd{.

On|dnbd& hux{d fo nhkh{blol lh qxh0 {b fd{ |}omoiold}h{ h}on u}bzold{ lh fhh}nxh{|}o u}hn{o& lhmogd{ u}bzo} |ogmbhn o fd{ mx}cxh{h{ lh fhh} fo {xro. Xno goono&

hn fo k}xy qxh aokh fo koffh [ofb|}h kdn Ufoyo lh \d}d{ Zbhio& hf ko}}d h}o uo}old ud}

kbnkd idzhnh{ fbmh}|o}bd{. On|dnbd h}o xnd lh hffd{& ozonyonld |}onqxbfoghn|h ud} ghlbd

lh fo koffh& {h lb}bcb of ko}}h}d kdngbnnldfh o qxh moio{h lhf uh{kon|h& h{|h aokh

}h{b{|hnkbo& uh}d nxh{|}d ogbcd fh kdnzhnkh lh fo bnx|bfblol lh fo gb{go& lh{hnconkao

fd{ |}h{ komoffd{& hn|}hconldfd{ o xnd lh {x{ kdguoh}d{ qxbhn fd{ ofhio lhf ko}}d&

}dko hf gb{gd lh co{dfbno& fh u}hnlh jxhcd. \dlo fo u}hn{o ud}|old}o lh ghn|b}o{ r

kofxgnbo{ kdn|}o fd{ adgm}h{ lh fo K.N.\.& {h kdnzbh}|h hn xno bnghn{o adcxh}o. Hn

h{|h gb{gd bn{|on|h& xn cxo}lbo kbzbf qxh uo{omo ud} hf fxco}& lb{uo}o kdn|}o hf c}xud.

On|dnbd {h o}}bgo o f |}onqxbfoghn|h r fdc}onld lh{o}go}fd& fxhcd& fh lhio go}kao}

lbkbnldfh9

'Lbfh o |x{ ihjh{ xh& gbhn|}o{ fo u}hn{o ono}xb{|o {ho bn|h}khu|olo& nd{d|}d{ nd

}hco|ho}hgd{ nbncn h{jxh}yd uo}o }huh|b} h{|h ahkad.


?5


11/50

Of lo {bcxbhn|h nxh{|}o u}hn{o h}o zhnlblo hn fd{ qxbd{kd{ lh fo kub|of0 h}o fo

nbko }oyn kouoy lh kdnzhnkh} o fo{ ox|d}blolh{ }huxmfbkono{.

On|dnbd& bn|h}zbhnh hn kxon|o{ axhfco{ {h lhkfo}on hn Gfoco& ao{|o qxh hn

?.2;< h{ lh|hnbld kdn Gbcxhf Gdfbno [ofold ud} fo gxh}|h lh xn cxo}lbo lh o{of|d& kold

hn fo koffh Focxnbffo{& of hnj}hn|o}{h {|h o xn c}xud lh axhfcxb{|o{ kdn|}o fd{ qxh

lb{uo}o. Kdnlxkbld of Kxo}|hf lh fo Cxo}lbo Kbzbf& r kdn hf jbn lh {ofzocxo}lo} fo fbmh}|ol

lh {x{ kdguoh}d{& {h aokh }h{udn{omfh lh |dlo{ fo{ okx{okbdnh{& aokbnld {xro |dlo

fo }h{udn{ombblol.

J}hn|h of \}bmxnof lh X}chnkbo qxh fh ixyco ud} {|h ahkad& ixn|d o fd{

kdguoh}d{ Gdfbno& Uo}hio r Coffhcd& gxh{|}o xn axgd}b{gd qxh udnh jxh}o lh { ofjb{kof [}. Zbffo}hid& qxbn kdgbhnyo {x okx{okbn lbkbhnld9

'On|dnbd Co}ko Ofzo}hy - ofbo{ - hf kadjh}....

On|dnbd fh bn|h}}xguh

'Hf [}. Zbffo}hid& - ofbo{ - hf Jb{kof lhmh}o lb{|bncxb} xn djbkbd lh xn gd|h.

Oqx hf u}h{blhn|h fh ffogo fo o|hnkbdn& On|dnbd {h hnko}o kdn f9

'[}. u}h{blhn|h& hn h{|h hn|bh}}d x{|hl nd ffhzo zhfo& hf jb{kof gh djhnlh r rd nd

h{|dr lb{uxh{|d o |dfh}o}fd.

Hf u}h{blhn|h fh oghnoyo kdn khfhm}o} hf ixbkbd {bn {x u}h{hnkbo r On|dnbd fh }h{udnlh9

'Fd{ xh zob{ o lhio} fo {ofo kgd nd gdlh}hb{ hf fhncxoih {db{ zd{d|}d{.

Hf umfbkd fonyo xno c}on ko}koiolo qxh kd}|o fo koguonbffo u}h{blhnkbof.

Hn|}o hf u}bgh} |h{|bcd lh ko}cd. [h |}o|o lh xn cxo}lbo lh o{of|d of qxh hf jb{kof

}hqxbh}h {hofh o fd{ u}dkh{old{ qxh f kdndyko. Uo{ho {x gb}olo {dm}h fd{ kxo|}d

izhnh{& uo}nld{h hn On|dnbd& {hofo9


??


12/50

'[& o h{|h fh kdndykd.

'Ah |hnbld g{ {xh}|h xh |x uol}h ! lbkh On|dnbd " of xh {hcx}oghn|h nd

kdndkh{.

Hf umfbkd zxhfzh o }hb} on|h hf oyd}ogbhn|d lhf |h{|bcd& qxh {h kdn|}olbkh hn zo}bo{

dko{bdnh{ on|h fo{ bn|h}}xukbdnh{ lh On|dnbd. [x omdcold& Ih{{ Ghnlbyomof lh fo

Jxhn|h& fh }hqxbh}h uo}o qxh lhih lh{o}}dffo}{h hf u}dkh{d nd}gofghn|h r On|dnbd fh

kdn|h{|o9

'H{ mo{|on|h lbjbkbf uo}o gb udlh} {h}hno}gh on|h xno kdghlbo kgd {|o& hn foxh& {bn aomh} {dfbkb|old xn uouhf& {dr u}d|ocdnb{|o. Ro udlhb{ lhio}d{ lh |on|o

uon|dgbgo r kdnlhno}nd{0 nd nd{ fdc}o}hb{ o{x{|o}& nb kdn fo k}khf& nb kdn hf uo|mxfd.

Hf jb{kof zxhfzh of bn|h}}dco|d}bd9

' \bhnh x{|hl uol}h 4.

'Nd |dld{ zogd{ o |hnh} fo lh{c}okbo lh {h} ixhkh{.

'Fbg|h{h o }h{udnlh} {foghn|h { d nd ' fh olzbh}|h hf u}h{blhn|h '.

Nd gh lo fo cono. /

'X{|hl gb{gd {h h{| kdnlhnonld ' fh }hkofko hf gocb{|}old xh u}h{blh '.

'Bcxof xh x{|hlh{ ' lbkh On|dnbd '.

Hf u}h{blhn|h& lb}bcbnld{h o fd{ cxo}lbo{ kbzbfh{& fh{ lbkh0

']h|b}hn of u}dkh{old lh fo {ofo.

'[}. U}h{blhn|h& ! bn|h}zbhnh On|dnbd "& nd gdfh{|h o h{|d{ {hd}h{ xh {h h{|n


?=


13/50

xhlonld ld}gbld{& lcofh{ xh gh {xhf|hn& xh rd gh b} {fd.

Kxonld h}o kdnlxkbld jxh}o lh fo {ofo& {h zxhfzh& lb}bcbnld{h of umfbkd fh lbkh9

' [h okom fo zb{|o /.

Hf umfbkd }bh lh nxhzd& nd {b}zbhnld lh nolo fo koguonbffo qxh {xhno {bn kdn{hcxb}

bgudnh} {bfhnkbd. Ghlbo ad}o lh{ux{& zxhfzh o {h} kdnlxkbld on|h hf \}bmxnof& of qxh

{ofxlo kgd {b {h |}o|o{h lh on|bcxd{ kdndkbld{.

' _x [}. U}h{blhn|h& {h fh ao uo{old hf ldfd} lh h{|gocd 4.

{|h fh zxhfzh o ffogo} of d}lhn. On|dnbd {h lb}bch of umfbkd9

' Nolo / xh nd xbh}h duh}o}{h.

H{ fhblo fo {hn|hnkbo9 On|dnbd Co}ko& Gdfbno r Coffhcd& hn fbmh}|ol. Id{ Uo}hio& kxo|}d

od{& ld{ gh{h{ r xn lo lh u}b{bn. On|dnbd {h fhzon|o u}d|h{|onld ud} fo kdnlhno.

Uo}hio {h udnh kdn|hn|d ud} fo fbmh}|ol lh {x{ kdguoh}d{& fh{ h{|}hkao kdn {x{ gond{

h{ud{olo{& On|dnbd {bcxh u}d|h{|onld9

'[b zd{d|}d{ fh kdnlhnb{& nd{d|}d{ fd fbmh}o}hgd{& oxnxh hn hffd nd{ zoro fo

zblo.

[dfd On|dnbd h{ uxh{|d hn fbmh}|ol& Uo}hio& kdnlhnold0 Gdfbno& }h|hnbld& ud}

o|hn|old o fo ox|d}blol& r Coffhcd& cxmh}no|bzd qxhlo hn u}b{bn.

Lo{ lh{ux{& xn - kad}byd - }hchnh}old hn fo u}b{bn ud} hf kdn|ok|d kdn fd{

ono}qxb{|o{ hn hf gb{gd khn|}d uhnb|hnkbo}bd& fdc}o jxco}{h lh{lh fo Oxlbhnkbo& ldnlh

aomo bld o kdguo}hkh}. Udnbnld{h hn }hfokbn kdn On|dnbd& kdgbhnyon o |}oyo} hn|}h

ogmd{ xn ufn uo}o fbmh}o} o fd{ u}h{d{. Fo udfbko fh{ {bcxh lh kh}ko& {d{|hnbhnld kdn

hffd{ zo}bd{ of|h}kold{. Hn xnd lh hffd{& h{ ah}bld hn fo d}hio lh}hkao hf jxcold oudlold

hf Co|d& On|dnbd fh bn{|o o qxh axro gbhn|}o{ f lb{|}oh o fo udfbk& hf d|}d {h nbhco& r ud}

xn gbfoc}d lh fo zofhn|o& fdc}on {ofb} ogmd{ lh oqxhf bnjbh}nd lh jxhcd. Lx}on|h |}h{


?;


14/50

ad}o{ kh}ko lhf khghn|h}bd lh [on ]ojohf& On|dnbd {d{|bhnh o }oro o fo udfbko& gonlolo

ud} hf kdgb{o}bd Md}lh{.

Kxonld {h aoffomo kdn {x kdguoh}o r xno nbo lh kd}|o hlol& h{ lh|hnbld r

kdnlxkbld o u}b{bn& kdn hf kxh}ud ahkad xno ux}o ffoco ud} fd{ uofd{ }hkbmbld{ hn fo

kdgb{o}o lh udfbko.

Fo ognb{|o qxh hf uxhmfd lb hf ?2 lh ixfbd lh ?.2;: nd{ fd lhzxhfzh. Of zdfon|h&

nd{ kdnlxkh o gxkad{ uxhmfd{ o kdgmo|b} of jo{kb{gd. Fo u}lblo lh Gfoco& fh o}}dio

kgd o gbfh{ lh gofocxhd{ o Ofgh}o. [h bnkd}ud}o o fo 11 M}bcolo lh{|bnolo hn hf

j}hn|h lh Udydmfonkd. H{ kadjh} lh [onblol& kdn {x ogmxfonkbo& k}xyo ud} fo{ ydno{

mo|blo{ uo}o kdnlxkb} o fd{ ah}bld{.

Fo cxh}}o nd{ aomo lb{|onkbold. Nd{ hnkdn|}ogd{ xn lo hn hf Ad{ub|of lh Ahffn.

Aomfogd{ lh fo {b|xokbn lh fo Cxh}}o.

' - Nd aor nolo xh aokh}& fd{ on|bgbfb|o}b{|o{ {h aon kdnzh}|bld hn chnh}ofh{ r

aon dfzblold fo }hzdfxkbn& xh h{ fd nbkd xh nd{ uxhlh lo} hf |}bxnjd j}hn|h of jo{kb{gd

-.

Nd{ lh{uhlbgd{. f go}kaomo uo}o Onlofxko& rd uo}o Gol}bl.

Fd qxh hnj}hn| of uxhmfd h{uodf kdn fo |}obkbn gbfb|o} jo{kb{|o& jxh hf h{u}b|x

}hzdfxkbdno}bd& hnkoiold {|h o fo{ nhkh{blolh{ lh fo cxbh}}o& lh{ouo}hkh fo ah}bko

}h{b{|hnkbo r hf h{ub}b| kdgmo|bzd& u}dlxkbnld{h fo lh{monlolo bnhzb|omfh. Fd{

}hzdfxkbdno}bd{ hudnon {x{ zblo{ ud} hf |}bxnjd lh fo kox{o lhf uxhmfd0 fd{ gbfb|o}b{|o{

|}o|omon lh kdn{h}zo} fo{ {xro{& uo}o o}}o{|}o}fo{ lh{ux{ lhf j}oko{d ud} hf hbfbd.

On|dnbd jxh lh fd{ qxh nd uxld d nd qxb{d axb}& jxh lh|hnbld r kdnlxkbld o fo

u}b{bn lh Gfoco. [x fo}cd ab{|d}bof }hzdfxkbdno}bd& h}o {xjbkbhn|h ||xfd uo}o cono}{h hf

uhfd|n lh hihkxkbn. Of kdn|}o}bd qxh R}bcdr& jxh fdkxoy on|h fd{ ixhkh{& aokbnld{h

}h{udn{omfh lh fd qxh aomo r nd aomo ahkad. Hf {omo qxh fh go|o}on& qxh}bhnld kdn

{x ok|b|xl& {ofzo} of gord} ngh}d lh kdguoh}d{ ud{bmfh. On|h hf \}bmxnof Gbfb|o} qxh fh

ixyc {h lhkfo} ono}qxb{|o }hzdfxkxbdno}bd& aokbnld k}|bko {hzh}o kdn|}o hf }cbghn


?


15/50

j}onqxb{|o. Gonbjh{| qxh hf |}bmxnof qxh fh ixycomo h}o bnkdguh|hn|h& ud}qxh {hcn {x{

u}dubo{ uofom}o{0

' - Xn \}bmxnof lh |}obld}h{ r o{h{bnd{ nd uxhlh ixyco} bguo}kbofghn|h o xn

adgm}h fhof r adn}old -.

R c}b| on|h {x{ ixhkh{9

' Ro {h fd xh gh h{uh}o& uh}d go|o}gh on|h{ xh hf uxhmfd d{ ubh}lo hf gbhld /

'

Hnkh}}old hn fo gb{go khflo qxh h{|xzbh}o Go}bond R}bcdr& {h fh lb fo gb{gogxh}|h& kdn {x {onc}h h{k}bmb hn hf Gx}d K.N.\.

Hf kolozh} lh On|dnbd jxh {okold lh fo u}b{bdn on|h fo olgb}okbn lh fd{ u}h{d{.

[x zblo uh}|hnhko o fo ]hzdfxkbn uh}lblo0 oqxhffo& Uo}o qx fo qxh}o ro /

Hf ndgm}h lh nxh{|}d ogbcd& jxh }hkd}lold kdn olgb}okbn lx}on|h gxkad |bhgud

ud} fd{ u}h{d{& r hn gb kd}oyn lh ogbcd& cxo}lo xn fxco} u}hjh}hn|h r fd }hjh}b} {bhgu}h

kgd fd qxh h}o0 kdgd xn ONO]_XB[\O& kdgd xn adgm}h lh uhfd hn uhkad.


?8


16/50

GBCXHF GDFBNO [OFOLD

Hn ?.2?: nokb hn Gfoco {|h izhn& of qxh gh xnb xno j}o|h}nof ogb{|ol lh{lh

hf gb{gd lo qxh fh kdndk. [bn gol}h lh{lh gxr uhqxhd& zbzb kdn xno |o {xro o

qxbhn ogomo kdn j}hnh{. Lhmbld o fo gofo {b|xokbn lh fo jogbfbo& Gbcxhf nd uxld o{b{|b}

o fo h{kxhfo. K}hkb hn xn ogmbhn|h gof{ond& kxonld hguhyomo o gdkho}& hf mobfh r fo{

ixh}co{ jxh}dn {x{ m}ixfo{ d}bhn|old}o{. Xn lo ud} kxh{|bdn lh joflo{& zo o uo}o} o fo

u}b{bn& ldnlh nxh{|}d bndfzblomfh ogbcd r kdguoh}d Gbcxhf Kdmd{& qxh {xj}o xno lh

{x{ gxkao{ lh|hnkbdnh{ cxmh}no|bzo{ fh kdndkb.

U}dn|d {h lo kxhn|o lh qxh |dld hn f h}o udl}hlxgm}h. [dm}h {x hlxkokbn& qxh

g{ qxh lh{kxblolo h}o nxfo. Aor hn hf xn h{u}b|x {dfblo}bd r xnd{ {hn|bgbhn|d{ ndmfh{

r of|}xb{|o{.

Hudnh hf ko{d hn|}h fd{ kdguoh}d{ {dfbkb|onld lhf Lb}hk|d} lh fo U}b{bn& qxh

h{|h idzhn lh|hnbld ud} lhfb|d kdgn uo{h o fo M}bcolo lh fd{ {dkbofh{. Kdnkhlblo fo

ox|d}byokbn& hn|}o kdn {x uh|o|h hn fo M}bcolo lh fd{ Ono}qxb{|o{& kdgd fo lhndgbnomon

fd{ u}h{d{ kdgxnh{.

Fd u}bgh}d qxh bgu}h{bdno o nxh{|}d izhn& h{ fo bcxoflol lh |}o|d hn|}h fd{

hnko}khfold{ ud} lhfb|d udf|bkd& d uo}o ghid} u}hkb{o}& ud} fd{ udf|bkd{. Fo u}dubhlol nd

ouo}hkh ud} nbncno uo}|h& hn hf khn|}d lh fo M}bcolo aor xn koin ldnlh |dld{

lhud{b|on hf |omokd qxh }hkbmhn. Mxhnd d gofd& |dld koh hn hf gb{gd }hkbubhn|h& lhf qxh

kolo xnd zo {okonld fd qxh nhkh{b|o uo}o jxgo}& d }huo}|b} hn|}h fd{ nhkh{b|old{ lhf uo|bd

kdgn& {bn qxh nolbh hih}yo kdn|}df ofcxnd. Hn xno }hub{o aor uouhf& {hffd{& r kxon|d {h

nhkh{b|o uo}o }hfokbdno}{h kdn hf h|h}bd}. Uh}d& fd qxh g{ fh ffogo {x o|hnkbn lh

adgm}h nokbld r k}bold hn fo lh{kdnjbonyo h{& qxh {dm}h h{|o gb{go }hub{o& |dld{ fd{

kdguoh}d{ zon lhionld hf lbnh}d qxh zon }hkbmbhnld |dgonld kolo kxof hf qxh u}hkb{o.

Hf dm{h}zo k}hrnld{h zbcbfold& uh}d u}dn|d {h kdnzhnkh qxh fo gord} {bnkh}blol r

adn}olhy u}h{blh fo zblo hn kdgn lh fd{ adgm}h{ u}h{d{ ud} - }hzdfxkbdno}bd{ -.

Ud} fo |o}lh& lh{ux{ lh ld}gb} fo {bh{|o& {h lo uo{d of lbofdcd r o fo kdnjh}hnkbo.

Gdfbno h{ lh fd{ g{ o|hn|d{0 iog{ aomo dbld aomfo} lh h{|d{ u}dmfhgo{& ud} h{d {hIXZHN\XLH[FBMH]\O]BO[HNGOFOCO.?2;:;2K.N.\.

?:


17/50

bn|h}h{o qxby g{ qxh fd{ d|}d{. Ud} fo ndkah& kolo kxof kdn {x fbm}d hn fo gond& |}o|o lh

oxghn|o} hf koxlof lh kdndkbgbhn|d{. Gdfbno nd {omh ouhno{ fhh}& u}dn|d hnkxhn|}o xn

goh{|}d qxh {h hn|x{bo{go of zh} hf bn|h}{ qxh {|h izhn udnh hn ou}hnlh}& r on|h{ lh

fd qxh gxkad{ uhn{omon& Gbcxhf fho fd{ fbm}d{ ofcxnd{ fh h}on lbjbkbf lh lbch}b}& uh}d o

hffd fh orxlon |dld{ fd{ qxh fh }dlhon kdn hf gord} ko}bd&

Gbcxhf Gdfbno [ofold& foghn|o nd aomh} bnc}h{old on|h{ hn fo u}b{bn uo}o

kdndkh} o h{|d{ adgm}h{ r fo{ blho{ ud} fo{ kxofh{ {xj}on o}}h{|d{.

Xn lo xno zdy {h drh hn fo cofh}o ' Gbcxhf Gdfbno [ofold& kdn hf uh|o|h r o fo

koffh /'

Fd{ kdguoh}d{ fh om}oyon kdn ko}bd0 fh aomon |dgold ojhk|d. Fh }hkdgbhnlon

qxh kogmbh lh ogmbhn|h r lh ogb{|olh{& }hkdghnlokbn& qxh ro {h aomo ahkad o {x

kdnkbhnkbo.

Fo ghgd}bo h{ hf oc}olhkbgbhn|d lhf kd}oyn - r hf nd udlo dfzblo} fd qxh aomo

zb{|d r zbzbld ixn|d o h{d{ _xbid|h{ lh fo {dkbhlol ok|xof -

]dguh kdn |dlo{ fo{ ogb{|olh{ on|h}bd}h{ o {x hnko}khfogbhn|d& kdgbhnyo ookxlb} o fo{ o{ogmfho{ qxh hn fo Koffh L. K}b{|bn khfhm}on fd{ {bnlbko|d{. Ud} jn bnc}h{o

hn fo{ I.I.F.F. lhf mo}}bd Uh}kahf& lonld hihgufd lh gd}ofblol r adgm}o& qxh olgb}omon

|dld{ {x{ kdguoh}d{. U}h{|o {x kdnkx}{d j{bkd r gd}of hn |dld gdzbgbhn|d

}hbzbnlbko|bzd lh fd{ |}omoiold}h{. [x{ zhkbnd{& {h h|}oon lhf kogmbd lh kdnlxk|o r lh

ko}ok|h} lh Gbcxhf. H{ }h{uh|xd{d kdn |dld hf gxnld& uo}o |dld{ |bhnh xno {dn}b{o qxh

kox|bzo. Lh {x{ gond{& iog{ {h lh{u}hnlh xn fbm}d0 |bhnh on{bo{ lh }hkxuh}o} hf |bhgud

uh}lbld.

Hn ?2;;& ffhco o Gfoco hf |}{|hghn|h kfhm}h - hf Ko}}h}d -& olgbnb{|}old} r

zh}lxcd lhf Uhnof lhf Uxh}|d lh [on|o Go}o& o{h{bnd lhf kdguoh}d Fxno. Xno |o}lh&

h{h gdn{|}xd h{ zk|bgo lh xn o|hn|old }h{xf|onld ah}bld hn fo uxh}|o lh {x gb{go

ko{o& hn hf Uo{bffd lh [on|d Ldgbncd. Gbcxhf Gdfbno h{ lh|hnbld kgd u}h{xn|d ox|d} lhf

o|hn|old. Hf& nbhco hn}cbkoghn|h {x uo}|bkbuokbn hn hf gb{gd r& uh{h o u}h{hn|o}

u}xhmo{ lh {x bndkhnkbo& h{ m}mo}oghn|h ouofhold ud} fo udfbkbo& hn uo}|bkxfo}& ud} hf


?3


18/50

lh fo M}bcolbffo [dkbof& O}byo. Gdfbno fh oghnoyo r hf d|}d fh fonyo xno kh}bffo hnkhnlblo of

}d{|}d. Uo{o o fo k}khf kdgd lh|hnbld cxmh}no|bzd& lh ldnlh {ofh qxbnkh lo{ lh{ux{.

Hn h{h }h{ub}d lh fbmh}|ol& {bcxh fd{ uo{d{ lhf udfbko O}byo r& ud} jbn xn lo& {h

hnkxhn|}on j}hn|h o j}hn|h. Ogmd{ |b}on lh ub{|dfo{& connldfh hn }ublhy Gdfbno& qxh

abh}h of udfbydn|h. Fo udfbko {h fonyo hn {x m{qxhlo& uh}{hkxkbn qxh f {omh mx}fo}&

xno{ zhkh{ ud} fo o{|xkbo r& d|}o{ ud} fo m}ozx}o lh {x{ o}}hgh|blo{.

Xn od ao uo{old {bn qxh fo udfbko fd aoro udlbld lh|hnh}. Lx}on|h h{h |bhgud&

xno mdgmo h{|offo hn fo ko{o lh - hf Ko}}h}d -. Hf =2 lh go}yd lh ?2;


19/50

' \ / ' h{ fo }h{uxh{|o lhf djbkbof.

Gdfbno& {h omofonyo {dm}h f r fh omdjh|ho ao{|o qxh h{ {huo}old ud} hf }h{|d lh

fd{ djbkbofh{ qxh okxlhn o fd{ c}b|d{ lh Koyd}fo.

Nxh{|}d Gbcxhf& h{ kdnlxkbld o fo khflo lh ko{|bcd& }bcx}d{oghn|h bnkdgxnbkold.

]dguh fo |xmh}o lhf ocxo r oud}}ho kdn hf |xmd fo uxh}|o ao{|o qxh |bhnhn qxh

kogmbo}fd o d|}o khflo.

Fd{ lo{ zon uo{onld kdn lhgo{bolo }ublhy& fd{ kdguoh}d{ {omhn qxh ro

h{| hn fo Lb}hkkbn fo }lhn lh |}o{fold lh fd{ d|}d{ kdguoh}d{. [h }hkx}}h oh{|}o|ochgo{ qxh hncoon o fd{ glbkd{& lnld fxco} of oufoyogbhn|d lh fo kdnlxkkbn.

Fo jxco aor qxh u}hkbub|o}fo& xno kdgb{bn {h lb}bch of Lb}hk|d} {dfbkb|onld qxh fhzon|h hf

ko{|bcd o Gdfbno& uh}d {|h nd okkhlh o fo uh|bkbn. Fo jxco aor qxh hjhk|xo}fo {bn kdn|o}

kdn nxh{|}d ogbcd.

O fo{ ldkh lh fo ndkah fd{ uh|o|h{ {dn }o{cold{ r ahkad{ kdn hffd{ xno kxh}lo&

{h fo fonyon of kdguoh}d J}onkb{kd Ko}gdno& qxh& lh{lh fo co}b|o - zbcbfo - o fd{

u}h{d{ ! Ko}gdno h}o hf {dflold qxh hn h{d{ gdghn|d{ aoko lh khn|bnhfo "0{|h o|o fo kxh}lo o fd{ abh}}d{ lh fo co}b|o r lo fo kdn{bno lh qxh uxhlhn kdghnyo} o

uo{o}. Uo{o Hn}bqxh \dfhlond Loy& Id{ [bfkhd Zbk|d}bd& Id{ Uo}hio ]dl}bcxhy r

Kbu}bond Ldgbncxhy. Xn h}}d} aokh j}oko{o} hf ufon kdgufh|d lh fo jxco& hzb|onld qxh

{ofbh}on go{ kdguoh}d{. Hf khn|bnhfo |bhnh qxh omonldno} {x uxh{|d uo}o axb} kdn fd{

kdguoh}d{.

Lh{ux{ lhf bnkblhn|h okxlhn fd{ djbkbofh{ r kdgbhnyo hf }hkxhn|d. Ld{

kogbdnh|o{ lh cxo}lbo{ kbzbfh{ hn|}on hn fo u}b{bn r |dld{ {dgd{ kdnlxkbld{ o fo{

khflo{ lh ko{|bcd.

Gbcxhf Gdfbno drh zdkh{ kdndkblo{ lh{lh {x khflo& {ombhnld fo kox{o lh {|h

gdzbgbhn|d& kdgbhnyo o c}b|o} jx}|hghn|h9

' Zbzo fo ognb{|o lh fo J.O..B. / '


?2


20/50

Fd{ djbkbofh{ |}o|on lh koffo}fd {bn udlh}fd kdn{hcxb}. Xn kdguoh}d ud}|xcx{&

Hlgxnld Fdxb{& }h{udnlh kdgd xn hkd o fo{ zdkh{ lh Gdfbno.

Of lo {bcxbhn|h& {h u}h{hn|o hf Bn{uhk|d} ]hcbdnof lh U}b{bdnh{& d}lhnonld om}b}

fo{ khflo{ r hf ouofhd lh fd{ u}h{d{& Gdfbno lh{lh fo {xro fh bn{xf|o ffognldfh kdmo}lh&

o{h{bnd& h|k. Hf bn{uhk|d} gonlo om}b} fo khflo lh Gdfbno& r |on u}dn|d h{ ombh}|o fo

uxh}|o& {|h {h fonyo kdn|}o hf bn{uhk|d} o qxbhn okbh}|o o lo} ld{ jxh}|h{ uxh|oyd{ hn

ufhnd }d{|}d& {h lhjbhnlh lh |dlo{ fo{ axh{|h{ qxh okdguoon of ko}khfh}d }huo}|bhnld

mdjh|olo{ o lbh{|}d r {bnbh{|}d& h{ nxhzoghn|h hnkh}}old& {bn qxh nolbh zxhfzo o

gdfh{|o}fd.

Xn nxhzd huhlbhn|h h{ ombh}|d kdn|}o f. Ud} bnkd}}hcbmfh h{ |}o{folold of Uxh}|d

lh [on|o Go}o.

Hn {|h |}b{|h Uhnof& fh {d}u}hnlh hf Gdzbgbhn|d gbfb|o} jo{kb{|o. Fd{ cxo}lbonh{

{omhn ro lh {x bnldgomfh ko}k|h}& kxonld nxh{|}d kdguoh}d |bh}nh kdndkbgbhn|d lhf

fhzon|ogbhn|d& c}b|o lh{lh {x khflo ffogonld o fo }h{b{|hnkbo. Fh{ bn{xf|o0 h{ hf nbkd

ghlbd lh qxh lb{udnh r fd hgufho.

Fd{ jo{kb{|o{ |}bxnjon|h{0 nd {omhn kgd om}b} oqxhffo khflo uo}o jx{bfo} o Gdfbno

{omhn qxh {h lhjhnlh} kgd xn fhn. Uh{h o h{|} o}gold{ ao{|o fd{ lbhn|h{& j}hn|h o

xn bnlhjhn{d u}h{d& nbncxnd |bhnh zofd} lh |b}o} lhf kh}}did.

Hf kon lh xno ub{|dfo h{ bn|}dlxkbld hn hf - kabzo|d - lh fo uxh}|o. [h ffogo fo

o|hnkbn of u}h{d& r kxonld {|h oufbko hf did of ocxih}d& hf Lb}hk|d} ou}bh|o hf co|bffd lh {x

ub{|dfo .

Gdfbno& koh gxh}|d hn hf ok|d& kdn fo komhyo uh}jd}olo0 uh}d oqxhffd{ kdmo}lh{

ocxo}lon g{ lh ld{ ad}o{ uo}o om}b} fo khflo ud} |hgd} o qxh on zbzbh}o.

O{ gx}b GBCXHF GDFBNO [OFOLD& hf ogbcd qxh iog{ dfzblo}.


=5


21/50

ID[H UO]HIO ]DL]BCXHY

No|x}of lh O}hno& uxhmfhkb|d gdn|od{d& qxh lh{lh {x of|x}o zhfo hf {xhd lh

Zfhy Gfoco. [x{ u}bgh}d{ od{ fd{ uo{o kd}}h|honld ud} fd{ gdn|h{ r& fo{ gof

bn{ub}olo{ koffh{ lhf uxhmfd.

Gxr nbd& qxhlo ax}jond lh gol}h& kxrd uxh{|d dkxuo {x mxhno ah}gono romnhcold uol}h qxh |}omoio lo r ndkah uo}o {oko} fo ko{o olhfon|h.

Lh{ux{ lh h{|h bnkblhn|h {h |}o{folo o Gfoco& u}hdkxuold{ ud} hf ud}zhnb} lhf

nbd qxh bnc}h{o hn fo h{kxhfo& hn fo qxh {h hnkxhn|}o kdgd hf uoio}bffd hn fo ioxfo. f

nhkh{b|o {df& ob}h fbm}h& h{uokbd uo}o kd}}h}& |dld h{|d qxhlo hfbgbnold ud} fd{ jbnd{

ofogm}h{ lh fo lb{kbufbno h{kdfo}. Jof|o o fo h{kxhfo |on|o{ zhkh{ kgd uxhlh mx}fo} fo

zbcbfonkbo lh {x ah}gono& hn hf mo}}bd lh fo \}bnblol& hf zhkbnlo}bd kdgbhnyo o kdndkh}

fo{ lbomfx}o{ lh oqxhf nbd nokbld uo}o zbzb} hn ufhno no|x}ofhyo.

Gxr idzhnkb|d h}o kxonld hf ?< lh om}bf lh ?2;? {h u}dkfogo hn H{uoo fo -

]humfbko lh \}omoiold}h{ lh \dlo{ Kfo{h{ -. ]hkd}}h fo{ koffh{ kdn d|}d{ ogbcd{ lh {x

hlol kdn|ocbold ud} hf imbfd uduxfo}. [dm}h xn kdkah& xn adgm}h aomfo of uxhmfd9 Nd

d{ lhihb{ hncoo} / ' lhko hf d}old}& qxh nd h}o d|}d qxh hf zbhid Gdfh{. ' Hf ]hr '

olzh}|o& {h ao go}kaold uh}d lhionld o fd{ gdno}qxbkd{ lb{j}oyold{ lh }huxmfbkond{.

Hf uxhmfd fh c}b|o o}}hgh|bhnld kdn|}o f. Uo}hio r {x{ ogbcd{ {h udnhn lh {x

fold 9 Hf zbhid |bhnh }oyn. R fh okdguoon aoko hf mo}}bd lhf Uh}kahf. Ud} hf kogbnd&

Gdfh{ {h foghn|o lh fo khcxh}o lhf uxhmfd r fh{ aomfo o fd{ izhnh{ lh fo{ blho{

ono}qxb{|o{ hn fo{ qxh fd{ bn|h}h{o.

Uo}hio okxlh o fd{ {bnlbko|d{& h{kxkaonld kdn o|hnkbn o fd{ d}old}h{& qxh hn fo{

o{ogmfho{ |}o|on lh lh{uh}|o}& hn fo kdnkbhnkbo lh fd{ |}omoiold}h{& hf h{u}b|x lh fbmh}|ol


=?


22/50

qxh lx}on|h {bcfd{ aomo ld}gbld hn hf {xhd lh fo h{kfozb|xl. On|h{ qxh d|}d{& Uo}hio

zh& r {bhn|h fo nhkh{blol lh fxkao} ud} {|o{ gocno{ blho{ }hlhn|d}o{. Nd jxh nxnko xn

|h}bkd& h}o xn adgm}h lh okkbn.

Hn ?2;=& fd{ kdguoh}d{ J}onkb{kd [hlhd r Id{ [bfzo ud} xnd{ bnkblhn|h{ kdn

fo jxh}yo umfbko& {dn kdnlhnold{ o u}b{bn. Lhionld oqxhf hn fo koffh o {x kdguoh}o

kdn ld{ abio{ uhqxho{& Fbmh}|ol r Uofgb}o. {|o f|bgo& lh kdn{|b|xkbn hnjh}gbyo koh hn

kogo. [x{ lmbfh{ uxfgdnh{ hgubhyon o {h} }dld{ ud} fo |xmh}kxfd{b{.

Uo}hio fh{ zb{b|o& hn|}hcnld o fo gol}h {x {hgonolo lh uhn. Uh}d {|d nd h{

{xjbkbhn|h r aor qxh {ofzo} o fo uhqxho. Hf glbkd fh }hkh|o ofbghn|d{& gxkad{

ofbghn|d{. kgd l}{hfd{ {b ko}hkhgd{ lh ghlbd{ hkdngbkd{ 4 {h foghn|o fo gol}h.Uo}hio {h lhkblh o zb{b|o} of lxhd lh fo jm}bko Kh}hcxgbf& hudnbnldfh h{|h ko{d lh

kdnkbhnkbo& h{|h fh hn|}hco ofcn lbnh}d r lo bn{|}xkkbdnh{ uo}o qxh {h fh jokbfb|h o fo

nbo |dld hf Kh}hcxgbf qxh nhkh{b|h. Hn nxh{|}d uhqxhd c}xud nd{ bgudnhgd{ xno

kxd|o uo}o orxlo} o fo jogbfbo. [hlhd& bnjd}gold ud} {x kdguoh}o& nd{ h{k}bmh lh{lh

hf Uhnof lh Dkoo oc}olhkbnldnd{ h{|h ch{|d {dfblo}bd.

Xno ndkah lh ?2;;& Uo}hio {h aoffo kombymoid& |}b{|h. Fh bn|h}}dcogd{ {dm}h fo{

kox{o{ lh {x |}b{|hyo lbkh qxh zbhnh lh zh} o fo hnjh}go r qxh nd fh hnkxhn|}o ghid}o.

' Hf kxfuomfh lh {x gxh}|h {h} hf {h}hnd xh lhnxnkb o {x uol}h ' lbkh. Lh

u}dn|d {h fhzon|o r& {bn lhkb} xno {fo uofom}o hkao o onlo}.

' ldnlh z{ 4 ' fh u}hcxn|ogd{.

' O kxgufb} kdn gb lhmh} ' }h{udnlh.

Nd {omhgd{ kxof h{ hf lhmh} lh Uo}hio& uh}d |hnhgd{ kdnjbonyo hn f r fh

{hcxbgd{ {bn k}xyo} xno {fo uofom}o.

Ffhcogd{ o fo koffh [on Ixon. Uo}hio nd{ gb}o lbkbnldnd{9

' Ofhc}hgd{ xn udkd fo ocdno lh h{o nbo& lhgd{|}nldfh xh {x uol}h |bhnh


==


23/50

ogbcd{'.

Ffogo of {h}hnd |dkonld fo{ uofgo{& {|h okxlh& r kxonld {h hnkxhn|}o o xnd{

gh|}d{ lh Uo}hio& {h lo kxhn|o lh qxh nd h{ nbncn zhkbnd kdndkbld r {oko fo ub{|dfo.

Uo}hio |bhnh fo {xro hn fo gond uh}d f h{ ndmfh r fhof qxbh}h lo}fh fo jokbfblol lh fo

lhjhn{o. Hf {h}hnd h{ hf u}bgh}d hn lb{uo}o}& Uo}hio hf u}bgh}d hn okh}|o}.

Of lo {bcxbhn|h& Fo Xnbn Gh}kon|bf& uh}blbkd }hokkbdno}bd& o}}hgh|h kdn|}o fd{

ono}qxb{|o{ aokbnld c}onlh{ hfdcbd{ lhf zofd} kzbkd lhf ah}bld. Uo}hio fhh h{|d{ hfdcbd{

gbhn|}o{ {x{ gond{ oko}bkbon fd{ komhffd{ lh fo nbo hnjh}go.

Hf lo =3 lh go}yd lh ?2;


24/50

Hn hf gh{ lh gord {h khfhm}o hf ixbkbd ud} hf \bmxnof lh X}chnkbo. Uo}hio h{

kdnlhnold o kxo|}d od{ ld{ gh{h{ r xn lo& qxh zo o kxgufb} of }hjd}go|d}bd lh Ofkof

lh Ahno}h{& ldnlh uh}gonhkh ao{|o fo ognb{|o lolo hn hf od ?2;:.

Lo{ lh{u{ lh {x zxhf|o o fo koub|of& fd{ cxo}lbo{ lh o{of|d |}o|on lh o{h{bno}fd

kh}ko lh fo h{|okbn& lb{uo}onld kdn|}o f {bn u}hzbd ozb{d& fh abh}n xno ubh}no r h{

kdnlxkbld lh nxhzd o U}b{bn lh ldnlh {ofl}o ud} fo zdfxn|ol uduxfo}& hf lo ?2 lh ixfbd

lh ?2;:.

Fd{ jo{kb{|o{ ahkhn }h{b{|hnkbo hn hf khn|}d lh fo kub|of. Lh nxhzd nd{

hnkdn|}ogd{ |dld{ ixn|d{. Jof|o Gdfbno qxh {h hnkxhn|}o hn hf Uxh}|d lh [on|o Go}o.

]hkd}}hgd{ fd{ uxhmfd{ fbmh}nldfd{ lhf jo{kb{gd. [h kdgbhnyon o d}conbyo} fo{u}bgh}o{ kdfxgno{ lh gbfbkbond{. Nd{d|}d{ jd}gogd{ uo}|h lh - Fo qxh {bhgu}h }or -&

qxh {h h{|ombfbyo hn hf j}hn|h lh On}|hqxh}o& hn ldnlh bn|h}zbhnh hn zo}bo{ duh}okbdnh{.

G{ |o}lh& Uo}hio& h{ }hqxh}bld uo}o fo kdfxgno K.H.J.O.& hn fo qxh h{ ndgm}old koub|n

lh fo lkbgo khn|x}bo& kdn fo qxh {h mo|h hn hf j}hn|h lh H{|hudno.

Gfoco {h ubh}lh& r Uo}hio& kdn uo}|h lh {x khn|x}bo& cono Ofgh}o. Off {h

bnkd}ud}o o fo{ M}bcolo{ Kdnjhlh}ofh{ qxh duh}on hn hf j}hn|h lh Udydmfonkd. Kxonld {h

lhk}h|o fo gbfb|o}byokbn f nd fo okhu|o& lh{h}|onld lhf j}hn|h. [h lb}bch o Zofhnkbo hnmx{ko lh fd{ kdguoh}d{ kdndkbld{ kdn hf u}du{b|d lh d}conbyo} c}xud{ lh cxh}}bffo{.

Hn {|o kub|of h{ lh|hnbld h bn|h}nold hn fo{ \d}}h{ lh Kxo}|h ldnlh |hnhgd{ qxh b} o

{oko}fd.

\h}gbnolo fo cxh}}o h{ ixycold r kdnlhnold o gxh}|h. Ud} bnjfxhnkbo lh fo jogbfbo

fh h{ kdngx|olo fo uhno koub|of ud} fo lh |}hbn|o od{& {bhnld |}o{folold of kogud lh

|}omoid lh Ld{ Ah}gono{. Lh off& fdc}o hzolb}{h.

Fd{ uxhmfd{ {dn xn uhfbc}d uo}o hf uh}{hcxbld Uo}hio. [h }hjxcbo hn fo {bh}}o hn fo

qxh {h aomo k}bold. Zo}bd{ gh{h{ lh{ux{ & hf kdguoh}d Ixon ]xhlo koh hn xno

hgmd{kolo lh fo cxo}lbo kbzbf. Uo}hio moio o fo kub|of ldnlh lh{ux{ lh zo}bd{

hnkxhn|}d{ kdn fo{ jxh}yo{ jo{kb{|o{& h{ lh|hnbld. Kxonld hn lbkbhgm}h lh ?2


25/50

Hn {|h gh{& {fd |}h{ d kxo|}d kdnlhnold{ o gxh}|h aor hn fo u}b{bn. Uo}hio ao

uh}lbld |dlo h{uh}onyo lh {ofzokbn r& kdn fo |}onqxbfblol lh {bhgu}h ocxo}lo fo ad}o lh

fo

- {oko -.

Xno ndkah& lh{lh hf - kabzo|d - ombh}|d lh gb khflo& zhd uo{o} o Uo}hio }dlhold

lh fd{ cxo}lbo{ lh {h}zbkbd. Hf oxlb|d} lh cxh}}o fh z o kdnjb}go} fo {hn|hnkbo0 Uo}hio

hn|}o hn koubffo .

O fo xno lh fo gol}xcolo {bhn|d uo{d{ hn fo cofh}o lh khflo{0 hf kh}}did {h

lh{kd}}h r xn djbkbof gh bnzb|o o {hcxb}fh. Uo}hio qxbh}h aomfo}gh.

Lx}on|h zo}bo{ ad}o{ uh}gonhkbgd{ ixn|d{ moid fo zbcbfonkbo lh fd{ cxo}lbonh{. f

aomfo u}hkbub|ologhn|h& kgd {b |hgbh}o nd |hnh} |bhgud uo}o kdn|o}gh kxon|d qxbh}h.

[h lb{kxfuo lh ofcxnd{ uo{d{ lold{ hn jof{d hn hf kogbnd lh fo{ blho{.

Hf kx}o uo{ho bguokbhn|h of d|}d fold lh fo }hio. f fd gb}o r {h }h lbkbnldgh9

' Nd {omh h{h bgmhkbf xh |dld kxon|d |hno xh kdnjh{o} |h fd ah lbkad o | '

Zo}bo{ zhkh{ gh u}hcxn|o fo ad}o qxh h{. Fh nd|d xn udkd nh}zbd{d. [h fd aocd

}hgo}ko} r f gh }h{udnlh9

' H{ no|x}of& uh}d nd |hgo{& fh{ hn{ho} o h{|d{ |}obld}h{ kdgd {omhn gd}b} fd{

adgm}h{ xh ogon xn blhof '.

Ldn Gbcxhf Go}|n Ko{o{& Lb}hk|d} lh fo U}b{bn& hn|}o lbkbnldnd{ qxh |hnhgd{

qxh {huo}o}nd{. f gh om}oyo kdn ko}bd& gbhn|}o{ rd mx{kd kdn c}on h{jxh}yd fd{

gdzbgbhn|d{ r fo{ uofom}o{ ou}dubolo{ of ko{d {bn hnkdn|}o}fo{. Kxofqxbh} dm{h}zold}

qxh axmbh{h zb{|d h{|h kxol}d& gh axmbh{h kdnjxnlbld o gb kdn hf kdnlhnold. \xzh qxh

aokh} xn |}hghnld h{jxh}yd uo}o }h|hnh} fo{ fc}bgo{ r& m}{koghn|h gh ofhi gbhn|}o{ o

gb{ h{uoflo{ do {x zdy qxh lhko9

' Onbgd & ogbcd / '


=8


26/50

Uo}hio nd olgb|b qxh {h okh}ko}o hf kx}o o f. [x{ gond{ jxh}dn o|olo{ kdgd fo

lh |dld{ fd{ ffhzold{ o jx{bfo}0 kdn jbnd{ ofogm}h{& r hn hf kogbn qxh {h aoko on go{

nhc}d hn fo uhnxgm}o lh xn bnkbh}|d ogonhkh}& jxh |}o{folold of khghn|h}bd ldnlh xno

lh{ko}co fh o}}onk fo zblo.

Uo}hio jxh xn adgm}h& qxh udlhgd{ lhkb}& |xzd {x{ f|bgd{ uhn{ogbhn|d{ hn fo{

blho{ ud} fo{ qxh {ok}bjbk |dlo {x ixzhn|xl& qxh jxh}dn {x{ od{ lh adgm}h. Oqxhffo

goono ud} fd{ uo|bd{ lh fo k}khf& {h do lh kd}}d hn kd}}d

ID[ UO]HIO AO [BLD JX[BFOLD /

ON\DNBD ]ORO LBOY

Zbzo hn hf mo}}bd lhf Uh}kahf |}omoiomo kgd ou}hnlby lh jdn|onh}d0 gbfb|omo hn fo{

I.I.F.F. lh {x mo}}bd& lh {|h mo}}bd qxh {h abyd kfhm}h ud} {h} xn zbzh}d lh gbfb|on|h{ lhf

gdzbgbhn|d }hzdfxkbdno}bd.

Lh udko{ uofom}o{& o zhkh{ cdyomo lh bn{ub}okbdnh{ jd}gblomfh{& uh}d {bhgu}h

xn udkd |o}lo{. H}o xnd lh fd{ izhnh{ lh fo udko qxh {do}dn kdn |}on{jd}go} fo

{dkbhlol dj}hkbnld uo}o hffd kxon|d ud{hon.

Jxh {|h izhn& hf qxh hjhk|x hf o|hn|old kdn|}o hf |}{|hghn|h kfhm}h -hf

Ko}}h}d -& }hkbn |}o{folold lh{lh hf Uxh}|d lh [on|o Go}o o Gfoco. Ud} hf kxof fo

udfbko fh uh}{bcxh& h{|o {h fonyo o {x kou|x}o lh{h{uh}ologhn|h& uh}d {h hnkxhn|}o

j}hn|h o xn izhn bguo{bmfh on|h hf uhfbc}d& lhgd{|}onld hn fd{ u}bgh}d{ hnkxhn|}d{ qxh

nd h{ u}h{o jkbf lh kdn{hcxb}. Fo udfbko {h kdnzhnkh lh qxh {fd gxh}|d udl}n udnh}fh

fo gond hnkbgo.

Hn fo Ufoyo lh [on Uomfd& hf |hnbhn|h Kd}dnold lh fo Cxo}lbo Kbzbf& of gonld lh


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27/50

zo}bd{ ngh}d{ lh fo - mhnhg}b|o - |}o|o lh lh|hnh}fd uh}d hf uh}{hcxbld {ofh lh

oqxhffo ufoyo omonbkolo ud} hf jxhcd nx|}bld lh fo jx{bfh}o& on|h fo olgb}okbn lh fd{

zhkbnd{ lh fo{ koffh{ fo Io}o r [on Uomfd& qxh u}h{hnkbo}dn hf hnkxhn|}d& r hf u}dubd

|hnbhn|h }hkdndkhn umfbkoghn|h hf zofd} bnlb{kx|bmfh lh {|h izhn.

Ffhco o Gfoco o |d}ho}& - Hf Ofcomhd - lh{ux{ lh aomh} o{h{bnold hn hf

Uo}qxh lh Go}o Fxb{o lh [hzbffo& o zo}bd{ |}omoiold}h{& On|dnbd& ixn|d kdn d|}d{ idzhnh{&

u}huo}on fo ix{|bkbo qxh fo{ ox|d}blolh{ nd aomon qxh}bld aokh}. Lh{ux{ lh fo kd}}blo&

kxonld {h hnkdn|}omo kh}ko lhf Ad|hf Kofh|o& ldnlh {h ad{uhlomo hf kaxfd }hidnhold}&

On|dnbd {h gdn|o {dm}h hf h{|}bmd lhf kdkah lhf |d}h}d lb{uo}onld r& fdc}onld ah}b} of

o{h{bnd lh fd{ dm}h}d{ {hzbffond{.

]oro bn|h}zbhnh hn |dld{ fd{ gdzbgbhn|d{ axhfcx{|bkd{ r }hzdfxkbdno}bd{ qxh

|xzbh}dn fxco} hn Gfoco& {ofbnld {bhgu}h ob}d{d lh ldnlh d|}d{ lh }hkdndkbld zofd} nd

fdc}o}dn hn|}o}.

Kxonld fd{ jo{kb{|o{ {h fhzon|o}dn& hf ndgm}h lh On|dnbd ]oro h}o kdndkbld ud}

|dld{ fd{ gofocxhd{ r ud} fo udfbko lh |dlo H{uoo. Hn |dld{ fd{ ahkad{ ldnlh aomo

ofo}lh lh oxlokbo d lh zofd}& fo chn|h fd }hfokbdnomo kdn On|dnbd. Kxon|d{ ahkad{ fh

ko}co}dn hn fd{ qxh nd |xzd o}|h nb uo}|h /. \of kgd hf o|}okd o fo h{|okbn r d|}d{gxkad{ qxh ao}on bn|h}gbnomfh {|o kd}|o mbdc}ojo.

Fd{ jo{kb{|o{ {h aon ahkad jxh}|h{ hn zo}bd{ fxco}h{ lh fo koub|of. Fd{ cxo}lbo{ lh

o{of|d& {hcx}blol r ko}ombnh}d{& {h udnhn of fold lhf uxhmfd hn|}hcnld o}go{. Kxonld

nd h{ {|h hf qxh {h fo{ o}}hmo|o. Fo cxo}lbo kbzbf - kogbnh}o - uh}gonhkh o fo

h{uhk|o|bzo. Ldn Id{ Jh}nonlhy Zhco& cdmh}nold} kbzbf& {h lhio {dm}huo{o} ud} fd{

okdn|hkbgbhn|d{. Lh fo Ko{o lh fo{ Fono{& hnkfozolo hn xnd lh fd{ h|}hgd{ lh fo

Ofoghlo& fd{ jo{kb{|o{ ad{|bcon o fd{ qxh |}o|on lh uo{o} ud} hf uxhn|h lh \h|xn.

_xbn {h o|}hzh} o uo{o}fd 4. Fo }h{uxh{|o fo hnkdn|}ogd{ hn xn izhn0 {|h {h ffogo

On|dnbd ]oro Loy& qxh uo{o moid xno ffxzbo lh mofo{& fdc}onld u}hnlh} jxhcd& r ud} {|h

ghlbd lhux}old}& lh{ofdio o fd{ jo{kb{|o{ lh {x cxo}blo. Fxhcd {hcxbld ud} xn c}xud lh

izhnh{ {h bn|h}no hn hf khn|}d lh fo kub|of r nd kh{o fo fxkao ao{|o qxh Gfoco h{

kdgufh|oghn|h fbmh}olo lh fo{ ad}lo{ jo{kb{|o{.


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28/50

Hn xn kdkah& okdguoold hn|}h d|}d{ ud} On|dnbd ]xy& qxh aomo lh hnkdn|}o} fo

gxh}|h& n fxkao kdn|}o xn c}xud lh cxo}lbo{ kbzbfh{ r kxrd kxh}ud h{ }h{ko|old ud}

]oro& {h bn|h}no}dn hn fo u}dzbnkbo lh [hzbffo r Kolby.

Gfoco d}conbyo {x ? kdfxgno& h{|o |bhnh ud} dmih|d kdnqxb{|o} C}onolo& qxh

h{| hn gond{ lh fd{ gd}d{& kgd hn |bhgud lh B{omhf fo Ko|fbko. Kxonld fo kdfxgno

ffhco of mdqxh|h lh Yojo}}oro& xn cxo}lbo kbzbf& kdn hf c}old lh koub|n& qxh jbnch {x

olah{bn o fo ]humfbko& d}lhno xn of|d. Fd{ nxgh}d{d{ kdkah{ r kogbdnh{& kdn

}okbgd{ axgond{ kdfconld lh {x{ ko}}dkh}o{& {hghio gdn{|}xd{o {h}ubhn|h {dm}h hf

o{jof|d lh fo ko}}h|h}o. Hf koub|n kdn|bno hn {x kdkah& gdghn|d{ lh{ux{ ouo}hkh xn

ozbn qxh mdgmo}lho r ogh|}offo o fo kdfxgno& fo kxof {h }hufhco hn lh{monlolo. ]oro

h{ xnd lh fd{ qxh {h qxhlo lhjhnlbhnld Yojo}}oro.

Zxhf|d o Gofoco d}conbyo fo kdfxgno qxh {h aomo lh kdndkh} kdn hf ndgm}h lh -

Fo qxh {bhgu}h }or -. H{|o h{ lh{|okolo of j}hn|h lh On|hqxh}o& ldnlh lh{lh {x

hn|}olo kdgbhnyo o bnqxbh|o} o gd}d{ r jofoncb{|o{ qxh lhjbhnlhn hf uxhmfd. Bn|h}zbhnh

uh}{dnofghn|h hn hf o|oqxh o fo jm}bko lh gon|o{ hn xnbn lh fd{ ah}gond{ O}ko{.

Hn xn kd}|bid ffogold O}}oao|d d xn ndgm}h uo}hkbld& bn{|ofo {x kxo}|hf chnh}of. Fh

okdguoo Id{ Uokahkd& qxh go{ |o}lh aomo lh {h} hf ihjh lh fo 11 M}bcolo mb{. Hn{|h kd}|bid& kxonld |}o|omo lh lh{gdn|o} xno mdgmo Fojjb|h& ubh}lh hf did byqxbh}ld of

hufd|o}fh hf o}|hjok|d.

Udkd{ lo{ uh}gonhkh hn hf ad{ub|of. [bn aomh} {bld kdgufh|oghn|h kx}old lh fo

ah}blo& zxhfzh of j}hn|h& {d}u}hnlbnldfh hn f fo u}lblo lh Gfoco& lh{lh ldnlh {h

}hufbhco aoko Ofgh}o. Hn hf koguoghn|d lh Zbo|d} d}conbyo fo qxh lh{lh hn|dnkh{

aomo lh {h} fo 11 M}bcolo mb{& hn fo qxh jxh lh{bcnold kdgb{o}bd.

Lh{|bnold o Udydmfonkd& bn|h}zbhnh hn |dlo{ fo{ duh}okbdnh{ qxh {h hjhk|on hn

oqxhf {hk|d}& {bhnld olgb}old ud} hf gb{gd Kd}dnhf U}hy [ofo{& r fd{ |}hbn|o gh{h{ qxh

lx}o fo kdn|bhnlo fd{ uoco kdn fo{ o}go{ hn fo{ gond{& o|okonld xno{ zhkh{&

lhjhnlbnld{h d|}o{& kdnqxb{|onld hn zo}bo{ dko{bdnh{ fo{ ud{bkbdnh{ qxh aomon

uh}lbld fo{ m}bcolo{ bn|h}nokbdnofh{.

\h}gbnolo fo cxh}}o& zxhfmzh o Gfoco. Kdn {x kdguoh}o Zbk|d}bo Zbfo Zo}hfo&


=1


29/50

ofqxbfon xno ko{b|o hn hf Kogbnd lh On|hqxh}o kh}ko lhf Udfzd}n. Fo cxo}lbo kbzbf qxh

{omh ro lh {x u}h{hnkbo hn fo kub|of& lh|bhnh o Zbk|d}bo aokbnldfh o fo jxh}yo qxh fh{

kdnlxyko o {x ldgbkbfbd& uh}d {|o qxh {omo qxh On|dnbd {h hnkdn|}omo kdn xnd{

kdguoh}d{ hn {x ko{o& hncoo o fd{ kbzbfh{ bn|}dlxkbnldfd{ hn xno ko{o kdfbnlon|h&

lh{lh fo qxh c}b|o udnbhnld hn ozb{d o {x kdguoh}d qxh& kdn {x{ ogbcd{ {of|o ud} fo

|oubo. Fd{ kbzbfh{ {h ouh}kbmhn lhf hncod r {h fonyon hn {x uh}{hkxkbn. Kxonld {h

}hoc}xuon lh nxhzd& kolo kxof aokh hf mofonkh lh fd qxh ao uh}lbld hn fo axlo0 [fd

On|dnbd nd ao uh}lbld nb |on {bqxbh}o xnd lh fd{ did{ lh k}b{|of qxh ffhzomo hn fd{ mdf{bffd{

kdgd }huxh{|d.

Lh|hnblo {x kdguoh}o& qxh {h hnkdn|}omo hnkbn|o& On|dnbd kdgbhnyo o

j}hkxhn|o} o xn jogbfbo} qxh zbzo hn koffh Koflh}dn lh fo Mo}ko. Fo cxo}lbo kbzbf qxh fh{bcxh lh kh}ko& xn lo {h dkxf|o hn fo ud}|h}o lh fo ko{o r& kxonld moiomo hn kdguoo

lh {x{ kxold{ [ofzold} r Gondfd Zbfo& fh hkaon hf of|d. On|dnbd nd gb}o fo lh{zhn|oio&

{okonld fo ub{|dfo& lb{uo}o o fd{ kbzbfh{& qxh {h |bhnhn qxh kdn|hn|o} kdn lh|hnh} o {x{

ld{ kxold{. Kxonld {xmhn o }hcb{|}o} fd{ lhuo}|oghn|d{& kdgu}xhmon qxh ]oro aomo

fdc}old h{kouo} xno zhy go{& lonld xn u}dlbcbd{d {of|d lh xn |hiold o d|}d. Okd}}ofold r

lh{ux{ lh zo}bd{ hnkxhn|}d{ uhfbc}d{{bgd{& lhkblh go}kao} o C}onolo.

Hf uxhmfd gofocxhd abyd lh f xn a}dh kdgd lh |dld{ oqxhffd{ qxh {h mx}fo}dn

lh fo - Ix{|bkbo - xnbjd}golo. Xno{ zhkh{ lhkon aomh}fd zb{|d zh{|bld lh koub|n lh fo

cxo}lbo kbzbf& d|}o{ h}o lh kx}o lh fd qxh fh aomon zb{|d lb{j}oyold&kxonld nd lh

jofoncb{|o d lh }hqxh|. Hf {h }ho kxonld fh kdn|omon h{|o{ onkld|o{ koffhih}o{.

Hn C}onolo {h ad{uhlomo hn xno ko{o uo}|bkxfo} u}h{hn|nld{h kdgd h{|xlbon|h.

H{ ud} {|o udko qxh nokh {x abio hn fo u}b{bn0 {x abio & o fo qxh nd aom}o lh kdndkh}.

Fo ufoyo lh fo Go}bno jxh h{khno}bd lh xnd lh fd{ hnkxhn|}d{ go{ o|}dkh{ lh fo

udko. Fo udfbko okd}ldno fo Ufoyo r lb{uo}o kdn|}o xn c}xud lh izhnh{& hn|}h hffd{ {h

hnkdn|}omo On|dnbd ]oro. [dn zo}bd{ fd{ gxh}|d{ r xnd lh fd{ izhnh{ h{ lh|hnbld

ah}bld. {|h ah}bld & {dgh|bld o |d}ghn|d& aomo lh kdnjb}go} fo u}h{hnkbo lh ]oro hn hf

hnkxhn|}d.


=2


30/50

Hn hf Ofmobkn {ofzo o fd{ ah}gond{ _xh}{ qxh {h hnkdn|}omon hn|}h ld{ jxhcd{.

Gdzbfbyolo{ |dlo{ fo{ jxh}yo{ lhf - }lhn - uo}o kou|x}o} of izhn fbmh}|o}bd& {|h& kdn d|}d{

izhnh{ nd ghnd{ lhkblbld{ qxh f& cono fo {bh}}o& r hn {|h nxhzd fxco}& bn|h}zbhnh hn

zo}bd{ ahkad{ lh }hfbhzh. Uh}d ]oro nd |hno golh}o lh cxh}}bffh}d. Lh{lh fo hlol lh ?:

od{ h{|omo aomb|xold o fo fxkao hn fo{ koub|ofh{& ud} fd qxh lh nxhzd& ud} hf

[ok}dgdn|h hn|}o hn C}onolo& ldnlh lo u}xhmo lh xno {hcx}blol uh}{dnof bnlb{kx|bmfh.

Fo udfbko fh {bcxh ro lh kh}ko0 kdndkh zo}bd{ lh fd{ {b|bd{ qxh j}hkxhn|o. Zo}bd{

kdguoh}d{ fh okdn{hion qxh omonldnh fo kub|of r zxhfzo o fo gdn|oo& o fd qxh {h

nbhco.

Hn xnd lh fd{ koj{ qxh okd{|xgm}omo o b}& {h nd|o xno gord} ojfxhnkbo qxh lhd}lbno}bd. Of hn|}o} ]oro& fo koih}o aokh xno {hof kdnzhnblo o zo}bd{ lh fd{ kfbhn|h{.

H{|d{ om}hn jxhcd kdn|}o fo uxh}|o ud} fo qxh okomo lh ouo}hkh} On|dnbd& qxbn& ud}

bn{|bn|d& {h ffhzo fo gond o fo kbn|x}o uo}o {oko} {x o}go {bn kdn{hcxb}fd& fo zblo {h fh

h{kouo ud} fd{ nxgh}d{d{ mdqxh|h{ ombh}|d{ ud} fo mofo{ lh fo udfbko& qxh nd {h

o|}hzbh}dn o udnh}fh fo gond hnkbgo gbhn|}o{ zbzb.

Go|h}bofghn|h ok}bmbffold& kor hf qxh {fd kdn {x ndgm}h aoko |hgmfo} o udfbko{

r kbzbfh{0 f& qxh {xud |dgo}{h fo ix{|bkbo ud} {x gond r qxh {h lhjhnlb lx}on|h lbhyod{ kdn|}o |dld xn kxh}ud d}conbyold r of qxh gxkao{ zhkh{ {h uh}gb|b o|oko}. Gx}b

kxgufbhnld {x u}dgh{o lh qxh hn zblo nd fh udnl}on fo gond hnkbgo.

Zdfxn|o}boghn|h dfzbld gbffo}h{ lh ahkad{& ud} nd aokh} bn|h}gbnomfh{ h{|o{ -

Kd}|o{ Mbdc}ojo{ -& lh {|h izhn lh udko{ uofom}o{ uh}d lh xno bnbn|h}}xgublo okkbn

}hzdfxkbdno}bo& lh fo qxh {h hguhy o aomfo} hn hf od ?2;= ao{|o hf ?2


31/50

ID[H [BFBKHD ZBK\D]BD

O}ocdn{ lh nokbgbhn|d& oxnqxh ao{|o fd{ go{ n|bgd{ fh k}hrh}dn {bhgu}h

{hzbffond. H}o lh xno kdn{|b|xkbn j{bko r gd}of jxh}o lh {h}bh. Du|bgb{|o ud}

|hguh}oghn|d& zho lh{gd}dno}{h hf hlbjbkbd koub|ofb{|o on|h hf hguxih lh fo{ jxh}yo{dm}h}o{ d}conbyolo{ r lh oa {x uh}hnnh u}hdkxuokbn uo}o qxh fd{ izhnh{

hn}bqxhkbh}on hf koxlof lh {x{ kdndkbgbhn|d{& |on|d hn hf o{uhk|d |knbkd kgd kxf|x}of.

[x {xhd& r lh hffd aomfomo kdn |of zhahghnkbo& qxh ao{|o fd{ go{ uh{bgb{|o{

lhiomon lh {h}fd h{kxkanldfh& h}o& qxh xn lo nd gxr fhiond& fo D}conbyokbn

lb{udnl}o lh xno Xnbzh}{blol& hn ldnlh fd{ go{ ou|d{ uxlbh}on kx}{o} h{|xlbd{ qxh &

adr ud} adr& fh h{| }h{h}zold o fo kfo{h olbnh}olo. [x u}dkxuokbdn gord} h{|omo hn fo

{b|xokbn hn qxh qxhlomon fd{ abid{ lh fd{ fxkaold}h{ qxh koon lhjhnlbhnld fo fbmh}|ol r

fo ix{|bkbo.

Fo zbdfhnkbo h{ xn ahkad lh zblo d gxh}|h ok|xofghn|h. H{ fo cxh}}o fo qxh ao

k}hold of ihjh& of }hr r of h{|old. R h{ hf ihjh& hf }hr r hf h{|old & fd{ qxh lon fxco} o |dld

ahkad lh cxh}}o.

Hn }hofblol ld{ uxionyo{ cdmbh}non fo {dkbhlol0 hn |bhgud lh uoy& fo uofom}o0 hn|bhgud lh cxh}}o& fo h{uolo. Kxonld fo jxh}yo lh fo uh}{xokbn ao lold hn qxbhm}o& fo

jxh}yo m}x|o hn|}o hn h{khno& lh oa qxh [bfkhd& qxh {h lomo kxhn|o qxh fd{ dld{ {h

|ouomon on|h fd{ o}cxghn|d{ }oydnold{ lh fd{ |}omoiold}h{& }hkx}}bh}o o fo zbdfhnkbo uo}o

ghid} aokh}fd kdgu}hnlh}. Ud} h{d nd fh |hgmf fo gond kxonld o|hn|o kdn|}o fo zblo lh

Ko}ozoko& ihjh lh fo K.H.L.O. lh [hzbffo& qxh ro hguhyomo o u}ok|bko}& hn fo ghlblo lh

{x{ ud{bmbfblolh{& hf {b{|hgo lh |h}}d} qxh go{ |o}lh aom}o lh kdn{|b|xb} fo }oyn lh {h}

lhf }cbghn jo{kb{|o h{uodf.


;?


32/50

Hf =2 lh go}yd lh ?2;


33/50

{x gol}h qxh h}o uo}of|bko r o fo qxh ogomo kdn j}hnh{.

Of hn|h}o}{h hf nxhzd lb}hk|d} qxh hn|}h fd{ u}h{d{ {h hnkdn|}omo Id{ [bfkhd& o

qxbhn kdndkb hn hf uhnof lh Dkoo& fh gonlo ffogo} uo}o lhkb}fh0

' \dld kxon|d nhkh{b|hb{& nd |hnhb{ nolo go{ xh lhk}ghfd& r {b gb ox|d}blol gh

fd uh}gb|h& udlhb{ lo}fd ud} kdn{hcxbld. O kogmbd {fd ubld o x{|hl xno kd{o0 xh gh lh

{x uofom}o lh adnd} lh xh nd bn|hn|o} hzolb}{h lh fo k}khf.

[bfkhd }bh on|h fo bnjon|bfblol lhf lb}hk|d}& }h{udnlbnldfh& qxh& o f iog{ {h fh

dkx}}b}o lhkb}fh o xnd qxh {h h{| oadconld& qxh nd {h kdio o xno |omfo qxh uo{h o {x

ofkonkh. K}hd& kdn|bno& qxh h{ mo{|on|h lbjbkbf hf fdc}o} {ofb} lh oqx {b nd h{ ud} fojxh}yo d ud} fo fhr& uh}d {b {h gh u}h{hn|o xno dko{bn& {om}h ou}dzhkao}fo.

Uo{on fd{ gh{h{& r hn hf lh ixfbd& {h hjhk|o fo jxco o fo qxh ro ah ahkad

}hjh}hnkbo aomfonld lh Gbcxhf Gdfbno. [bfkhd h{ xnd lh fd{ qxh fdc}on k}xyo} hf }hkbn|d r

cono} fo koffh. [h hgmo}ko lo{ lh{ux{ uo}o D}n |}{ aomh} mx}fold fo zbcbfonkbo lh fo

udfbko& qxh k}ho |hnh} |ogbyolo{ |dlo{ fo{ {ofblo{ lh fo kub|of.

Udkd{ lo{ uh}gonhkh hn D}n. Go}kao o Ko{omfonko ldnlh {h }hxnh kdn d|}d{{dold}h{ kdgd f. Fh{ hudnh {x{ u}drhk|d{ lh k}ho} xno Xnbzh}{blol uo}o fd{

|}omoiold}h{. H{|d{ zhn |on|o {bnkh}blol r ogd} hn {x hud{bkbn& qxh lhkblhn {hcxb}fh.

Uo}o hffd aor qxh kdn{hcxb} fd{ ghlbd{ hkdngbkd{ nhkh{o}bd{& {bn fd{ kxofh{& lh nolo

{b}zh nbncxno bnbkbo|bzo ud} }oydnolo r axgono qxh {ho.

Kh}ko lh fo Ufoyo lh J}onkbo hn Ko{omfonko& {h fhzon|o hf hlbjbkbd lh xno monko

bncfh{o0 o hffo {h lb}bchn& r hn ufhnd lo& hn {b|bd |on kn|}bkd& fdc}on oudlh}o}{h lh kbh}|o

kon|blol lh lbnh}d lh{ux{ lh xn nx|}bld |b}d|hd {bn qxh axmbh}o qxh foghn|o} nbncxno

zk|bgo.

Ro jof|omo ghnd{ uo}o }hofbyo} hf {xhd qxh oad}o om}oyo |dld hf c}xud /.

Ud} xno {h}bh lh kdbnkblhnkbo{& fo udfbko {h udnh o fo uh}{hkxkbn lh {|h c}xud

lh izhnh{. [bfkhd zh qxh nolo uxhlhn kdn{hcxb} ud} off& ud} fd qxh lhkblhn


;;


34/50

lb{uh}{o}{h uo}o zdfzh}{h o hnkdn|}o} hn D}n. Omonldno Ko{omfonko r kh}ko lh ]omo|

h{ }hkdndkbld ud} fo{ ox|d}blolh{ qxh fh okd}}ofon }hkbmbhnld }hjxh}yd{ gbhn|}o{ fo{

ud{bmbfblolh{ lh lhjhn{o lh nxh{|}d ogbcd lb{gbnxon. Lh u}dn|d... xn {bfhnkbd

bnkdnkhmbmfh }hbno hn hf kogud. _x {xkhlh 4 [bfkhd nd lb{uo}o0 fd{ cxo}lbo{

|ogudkd. H{|d{ {h zon o}}bgonld kdn gxkao kox|hfo r u}hkoxkbn aoko [bfkhd. O xnd{

gh|}d{ fh zhn ud} |bh}}o. Ud} jn fdc}on kdch}fd / . Fh }hcb{|}on r {fd fh hnkxhn|}on

zo}bo{ ah}blo{ ud} fo{ qxh {ofh kofbhn|h fo {onc}h. Xno {fo mofo qxhlo hn fo }hkgo}o lh

{x ub{|dfo. Fo cxo}l kgd }h{h}zo ud} {b fh joffomo fo u}bgh}o lh fo{ ld{ qxh aomo

}h{h}zold uo}o qxb|o}{h fo zblo.

Ah}bld r& zbhnld qxh nd |hno ud{bmbfblol lh h{kouo} of kh}kd qxh {h aomo

jd}gold o {x of}hlhld}& mh{ hf kon lh {x ub{|dfo hn hf gb{gd gdghn|d qxh ou}h|omohf co|bffd. Fo mofo {ofb lh{|}dynldfh fo mdko lh ldnlh {ofo& kdn ogd}& fo uofom}o -

AH]GOND - r ud} ldnlh {h fh h{kou fo zblo.

Id{ [bfkhd Zbk|d}bd {h olhfon| xn od hn gd}b}& ud}qxh lh nd aomh} {bld hn

]omo|& hn hf od ?2;8& axmbh{h kold hn hf ;: ' ;2 kgd O{ko{d& Lx}}x|b r gxkad{ lh

{x gb{gd |hgufh r zofd}. [x o}}did {fd udlo kdnlxkb}fd o fo gxh}|h d o fo zbk|d}bo.

Id{ [bfkhd Zbk|d}bd h}o xnd lh h{d{ izhnh{ qxh kxonld {h kdndkh h{ lbjbkbf lhdfzblo}& ud} {x zofd}& ud} {x axgonb{gd& r {dm}h |dld ud}qxh h}o xn adgm}h JXH]O LH

[H]BH.

GONXHF COFFHCD UDNKH


;


35/50

Nokh hn H{|hudno ! Gfoco "& hn hf od ?2?8. [x ixzhn|xl h{ bcxof o fo lh |dld{

fd{ izhnh{ lh {x udko. Lh nbd& |}omoionld uo}o orxlo} o fd{ {xrd{& lh gord}&

of|h}nonld hf |}omoid kdn fo fxkao uo}o fbmh}o} o fo {dkbhlol lh fok}o{ hn {x{ klbcd{ r

{x{ fhrh{.

Hf ?< lh om}bf lh ?2;?& Gonxhf aomnld kxgufbld ro fd{ ?8 od{. Uo}o f nd h}on

lh{kdndkbld{ fd{ lbjh}hn|h{ u}dmfhgo{ udf|bkd ' {dkbofh{ lhf gdghn|d. Hn {x ko{o {h

khfhm}on }hxnbdnh{ lh ono}qxb{|o{. Hf kdn|ok|d kdn h{|d{ adgm}h{ {hnkbffd{& uh}d

adn}old{ r {bnkh}d{& fh cono uo}o fo kox{o lh fo zh}lol.

Ud} h{|d nd jxh lh fd{ qxh {h lhi hgmd}}okao} lh hxjd}bo kdn oqxhffo

u}dkfogokbn }huxmfbkono& qxh nd h}o d|}o kd{o qxh co}on|byo} fo gdno}qxo {bn }hr.

Hn hf {bnlbko|d lh fo Golh}o ojhk|d o fo K.N.\.& ldnlh gbfb|omo& nxnko fh

h{kxkaogd{ aomfo}. H}o mo{|on|h uo}kd hn uofom}o& {bn hgmo}cd {x |hguh}oghn|d

}hmhflh fh aoko h{|o} u}h{hn|h hn |dlo ch{|o lh u}d|h{|o& jxh{h kdn|}o hf uo|}n d kdn|}o

hf cdmbh}nd r {x{ ox|d}blolh{. Bn|h}zbnd lh jd}go ok|bzo hn |dld gdzbgbhn|d axhfcx{|bkd&

lhgd{|}onld xn {h}hnd zofd}. Nd jxh nxnko uo}|blbo}bd lh fo ok|xokbn hn c}xud& h}o

mo{|on|h bnlbzblxofb{|o& lh h{h bnlbzblxofb{gd uxld {oko}fd fo ogb{|ol qxh fh xno o Jfb

]h|ogh}d& lhf qxh ro ahgd{ aomfold.

Hn hf od ?2;;& hf lo 1 lh hnh}d& {h u}dlxkh xn fhzon|ogbhn|d }hzdfxkbdno}bd

d}conbyold ud} fd{ kxol}d{ lh lhjhn{o lh fo K.N.\. r lh fo J.O.B.. Nxh{|}d ogbcd h{ lh

fd{ u}bgh}d{ hn fonyo}{h o fo koffh& mo|bnld{h hn hf mo}}bd lhf Uh}kahf ixn|d o fd{ zbhid{

ono}qxb{|o{. [x{ gdzbgbhn|d{ r o}}did nd uo{on lh{ouh}kbmbld{ uo}o fd{ zbhid{& qxh zhn

hn f xn fxkaold} lh |hgufh. O uo}|b} lh h{|h gdghn|d nd aor okkbn lh ko}ok|h}

ix{|bkbh}d o fo qxh nd h{| fbcold& }hkd}lonld {bhgu}h fo |}ochlbo lh Ko{o Zbhio{. Nd

}huh|b} ahkad{ hn fd{ qxh |xzd xno lh{|okolo ok|xokbn ud} aomh}fd }hjh}bld hn fo -

Mbdc}ojo{ - lh d|}d{ izhnh{&kdn qxbhnh{ fbc {x ok|xokbn hn |dld gdghn|d0 lo}hgd{

xn {of|d uo}o {b|xo}nd{ hn oqxhf ?1 lh ixfbd lh ?2;:& kxonld fo Bcfh{bo& fo Monko r fd{

Kxo}|hfh{& {h kdnjomxfo}dn uo}o okomo} kdn hf onahfd lh fbmh}|ol lh xn uxhmfd.

[xmfhznld{h h{|h on|h fo uo{bzblol lh xnd{ gbnb{|}d{ qxh gbhn|}o{ fd{ jo{kb{|o{ {h

fhzon|omon - hffd{ {h bmon o okd{|o} -.


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36/50

Nxh{|}d izhn& hn fo z{uh}o lh fo {xmfhzokbn {h qxhlo zhfonld ixn|d kdn d|}d{

kdguoh}d{& kxonld hf koub|n Axhfbn of gonld lh xno {hkkbn u}h|hnlh u}dkfogo} hf

h{|old lh cxh}}o& fd{ izhnh{ ono}qxb{|o{ {h hnkxhn|}on hn fo koffh. Gof o}gold{& uh}d

kdn jb}ghyo r lhkb{bn. Hf ko{d lh Ko{o{ Zbhio{ nd lhmh }huh|b}{h /. Oad}o {h}n fd{

uofokbd{ r nd fo{ axgbflh{ kadyo{ fo{ qxh {h}n uo{|d lh fo{ ffogo{. R nxh{|}d izhn {h

gxf|bufbko bnkon{omfhghn|h& {h lh{ufoyo lh xn {b|bd o d|}d& dfzblnld{h lh kdgh} r

}hud{o}& ao{|o qxh hf ah}d{gd kdfhk|bzd lhf uxhmfd gofocxhd {h aokh lxhd lh fo

{b|xokbn& ldgbnonld o fd{ {xmfhzold{.

Xn kdkah nhc}d uo{o zhfdy& kdcbhnld fo ko}}h|h}o lh [hzbffo. Gonxhf Coffhcd&

J}o{qxb|d Ocxbfh}o& - \o}yn - r Gonxhf Jh}nonlhy {dn {x{ kxo|}d dkxuon|h{. [h lb}bchn

o fo kub|of lh fo Cb}oflo. Gbfh{ lh hnkxhn|}d{ r uh}buhkbo{ {xj}hn ao{|o fdc}o} okh}ko}{h ofo kbxlol& }hufhcnld{h& nd on|h hf hguxih lh fo{ ad}lo{ lh _xhbud lh FFond& {bnd on|h

fo bn{b{|hnkbo lh ]ojohf Uho qxh kdn{blh}o {xbkblo hf bn|hn|d lh orxlo} o fd{ udkd{ qxh

on }h{b{|hn hn \}bono.

Zxhf|d{ o Gfoco& nd qxb{d okhu|o} nbncn ko}cd }hu}h{hn|o|bzd r kdn On|dnbd

]oro d}conbyo fo kdfxgno - Fo qxh {bhgu}h ]or - qxh jxh o dkxuo} hf j}hn|h lh

On|hqxh}o ao{|o fo u}lblo lh fo kub|of.

Ro hn Ofgh}o& {h lb}bch of koguoghn|d lh Zbo|d} r jd}golo fo 11 m}bcolo mb{. H{

lh{bcnold kdgb{o}bd lh kdguoo& hn kxrd ko}cd lo o {x{ kdguoh}d{ hihgufd{ lh

omnhcokbn r ah}d{gd.

\h}gbnolo fo cxh}}o kbzbf cono Gfoco& k}xyonld fd{ =?5 bfgh|}d{ lh gdn|oo{

qxh fh {huo}on lh Ofgh}o. Lo{ lh{ux{ h{ lh|hnbld r kdnlxkbld of kogud lh

kdnkhn|}okbn lh fo - Ox}d}o - lh ldnlh {h h{kouo kdn d|}d kdguoh}d. Fdc}o

ldkxghn|o}{h r hgu}hnlh {x zblo nd}gof |}omoionld uo}o orxlo} o {x - zbhio -& kgd

ffogomo o {x gol}h& uh}d hf nd h}o kouoy lh dfzblo} o fd{ qxh {h hnkdn|}omon hn uhfbc}d&

r kdn d|}d{ g{& d}conbyo hf u}bgh} Kdgb| Fdkof lh fo K.N.\.& kxro gb{bn u}bnkbuof h{

u}h{|o} orxlo o fd{ uh}{hcxbld{ qxh ffhcon nxgh}d{d{ kolo lo.

Xn lo {h u}h{hn|o xn kdguoh}d& }h{blhn|h ok|xofghn|h hn Go}}xhkd{. Fo udfbko

fh uh}{bcxh lh kh}ko. Nd lb{udnhn lh nbncxno ldkxghn|okbn qxh jokbfb|o}fh uo}o qxh


;:


37/50

uxhlo {ofb} lh fo kub|of& r Coffhcd fh hn|}hco fo {xro. Hf uh}{hcxbld h{ lh|hnbld kxonld

bmo o kdch} hf |}hn uo}o Mo}khfdno. Kdgu}dmnld{h qxh fd{ uouhfh{ qxh ffhzomo nd fh

uh}|hnhkon& fd{ kbzbfh{ {h u}h{hn|on hn ko{o lh Gondfd& uh}d {|h {of|onld ud} xno

zhn|ono& axrh bn|h}nnld{h hn fo{ gdn|oo{ lh Ofdyobno. H{ hf gh{ lh {h|bhgm}h lh

?2;2.

Jd}go xn hqxbud gocnjbkd lh lhkblbld{ fxkaold}h{. Kxonld fo{ kb}kxn{|onkbo{ {h

fd uh}gb|hn& orxlo o fd{ koguh{bnd{ hn {x{ fomd}h{ lhf kogud r& {|d{ hn ix{|o

}hkbu}dkblol& fh{ jokbfb|on bnjd}gokbdnh{ zofbd{o{ qxh fh{ uh}gb|hn udnh} hn ioqxh of

lh{|okoghn|d lh kbzbfh{. Gxkao{ zhkh{ {bn|b fo{ }dyolx}o{ lh fo{ mofo{ qxhgo}fh fo

ko}nh & uh}d h{|d nd lb{gbnxo {x ok|bzblol. Ad}o oqx& goono off& hf d|}d o ?8

`bfgh|}d{. G{ qxh xn uhqxhd c}xud lh khnh|b{|o{& lmofh o fo cxo}lbo kbzbf fo{hn{okbn lh hnkdn|}}{h j}hn|h o xno lbzb{bn lh ocxh}}bld{ kdgmo|bhn|h{ qxh dkxuomon

bfgh|}d{ r bfgh|}d{.

J}onkd lbk|o xn Lhk}h|d uh}ldnnld o fd{ qxh {h hn|}hcxhn r& qxh nd |hncon fo{

gond{ gonkaolo{ hn {onc}h. Hf c}xud lb{kx|h kdn |}onqxbfblol hf Lhk}h|d r fo {b|xokbn.

_xbhnh{ fd lh{hhn uxhlhn du|o} ud} go}kao}{h& fd{ qxh nd& {hcxb}on kdgmo|bhnld o fd{

o{h{bnd{ lhf uxhmfd. Xnd lh h{|d{ kdguoh}d{& kxrd ndgm}h dgb|d ud} hnkdn|o}{h hn

H{uoo& lhkblh hn|}hco}{h0 fd{ lhg{ {hcxb}n uh}jxgonld {x ah}d{gd kdn |dgbffd r}dgh}d.

Kdndkbhnld fo |k|bko jo{kb{|o& hf c}xud lhkblh kogmbo} lh j}hn|h& onxfonld fd{

uo{d{ aomb|xofh{& c}okbo{ o h{o u}hzb{bn& {ofzon {x{ zblo{ ro qxh fd{ kbzbfh{& |dgon

ud{bkbn hn fd{ fxco}h{ hgufhold{ kgd uo{d ud} fd{ cxh}}bffh}d{.

Hn|omfo kdn|ok|d kdn Mh}nomhf Fuhy hn ]dnlo0 zo o \hmo ldnlh {h hnkxhn|}o

kdn Lbhcd Cghy Co}ko - Lbhcd hf lh fo Ix{|o -&kgd fh kdndkon |dld{0 hn Ofaox}n

om}oyo of - Gonlog{ -0 u}h|hnlh jd}go} xn j}hn|h nbkd hn fo fxkao kdn|}o J}onkd& uo}o

hffd {h }hfokbdno kdn fo d}conbyokbn kfonlh{|bno lh Gfoco o fo qxh u}h{|o {x orxlo

hkdngbko& uo}o {dfzhn|o} ofcxnd{ ko{d{ ix}lbkd{ lh fd{ kdguoh}d{ u}h{d{.

\}h{ od{ aon |}on{kx}}bld lh{lh qxh con fo {bh}}o0 |}h{ {bcfd{ uo}o {x - zbhio -

qxh fd ffd}o kolo lo. Hn ocd{|d lh ?2


38/50

gol}h& o fo qxh |}o|o lh |}onqxbfbyo} lbkbnld qxh zo o hgu}hnlh} xn zboih of h|}onih}d.

Hn }hofblol aomo{h ouh}kbmbld qxh fo fxkao h}o kolo lo go{ lbjbkbf0 fo fhcbn& fd{ gd}d{&

hf hi}kb|d& r fd{ kbzbfh{ dkxuomon kolo |}dyd lh |bh}}o. Fd{ koguh{bnd{ o|h}}d}byold{ r

zbcbfold{& nd udlon u}h{|o}fh{ fo kdfomd}okbn qxh |on|d nhkh{b|omon. [x{ lo{& {omon

mbhn qxh h{|omon kdn|old{. Kolo lo koh xnd g{& xno komhyo ghnd{& xn m}oyd ghnd{&

xn jx{bf ghnd{ qxh {h dudnh o fd{ lh{bcnbd{ lhf jo{kb{gd. Nd jof|o qxbhn fh okdn{hio qxh

bn|hn|h {ofb} ud} Cbm}of|o} d J}onkbo& uh}d f {h nbhco. - Of jo{kb{gd aor qxh kdgmo|b}fd hn

{x gb{go gol}bcxh}o. Of hnhgbcd aor qxh mx{ko}fd ldnlh {h hnkxhn|}h0 bcxof qxh aokhn

hffd{ - & {dfo lhkb} . Nd dm{|on|h okdn{hio o fd{ {xrd{ qxh {h lhkblon kdn {bnkh}blol0 f

{h gon|hnl}o hn fo m}hkao gbhn|}o{ fo{ jxh}yo{ {h fd uh}gb|bh}on. R qxbhnh{ fh kdndkon&

{omon qxh h{|o{ jxh}yo{ {fd |h}gbno}on kdn fo gxh}|h.

Xno gol}xcolo lhf gh{ lh {h|bhgm}h hn fd of|d lh fo gdn|oo {h lbmxion fo{

{bfxh|o{ lh xnd{ adgm}h{ lh uo{d{ kon{bnd{0 zxhfzhn lh nxhzd& kgd fo{ cdfdnl}bno{&

ldnlh aomon jxnlold {x u}bgh} nbld. Hf {df {h fhzon|o }dibyd r |}b{|h u}h{ocbonld xno

lh{c}okbo. Fd{ cxo}lbo{ kbzbfh{& oud{|old{& fh{ lhion okh}ko}{h& kxonld h{|n o udkd{

uo{d{ lh hffd{& om}hn jxhcd. {|d{ }huhfhn fo oc}h{bn r lx}on|h |dld hf lo {d{|bhnhn o

}oro o fo{ jxh}yo{ lhf }lhn. Kbnkd zhkh{ {xuh}bd} hn ngh}d. Nd uxhlhn }h|}dkhlh}& nd

uxhlhn ozonyo}& {fd |bhnhn xn ghlbd lh {ofzo}{h0 cono} fo{ ad}o{ ao{|o qxh ffhcxh fo

ndkah hn fo qxh fo zhn|oio h{|o}o lh {x uo}|h. O{b fd aokhn r kxonld hf {df hgubhyo obnkfbno}{h& fd{ kbzbfh{ |hgh}d{d{ lh fo d{kx}blol& {h }hufbhcon. \}h{ cxh}}bffh}d{ qxhlo}on

gxh}|d{ kgd }h{xf|old lh fo }hj}bhco r xn ldmfh ngh}d lh kbzbfh{ jxh}dn }h|b}old{ lhf

kogud lh fxkao& {bn zblo d ah}bld{.

Kbnkd lbo{ lh{ux{ nxh{|}d kdguoh}d& qxh aomo }h{xf|old ah}bld& qxhlo hn fd

qxh udl}ogd{ ffogo} {x koguoghn|d. [h hnkxhn|}o kon{old0 {x{ ogbcd{ zon o aokh}

xno lh{kxmbh}|o. Xn c}xud kdgxnb{|o& of gonld lh xn abid lh Ofdyobno qxh duh}omo hn

oqxhf {hk|d}& okx{o o Gondfd lh {h} hf }h{udn{omfh lh fo u}h{bn qxh {xj}on ud} {x

ok|bzblol j}hn|h o fd{ kbzbfdnh{. Gondfd }bh kdnjbold r& kxonld ghnd{ fd h{uh}omo& xno

mofo fh uh}jd}o fo j}hn|h {bn aomh}fh lold |bhgud o fo lhjhn{o. Hf jo{kb{gd }did aomo

fdc}old hfbgbno} o xn adgm}h qxh {bhgu}h fh{ aomo {xuh}old hn |dld0 aomon

kdn{hcxbld uo}o hf }cbghn jo{kb{|o xno c}on zbk|d}bo& okomonld kdn fo zblo lh xn

cxh}}bffh}d qxh lhgd{|}omo of gxnld qxh nd |dld h}o {xgb{bn.


;1


39/50

Od{ lh{ux{ zb{b| xn kd}|bid ldnlh nxh{|}d ogbcd {h kx} lh xno{ ah}blo{. Fd{

kd}|bih}d{ }hkd}lnldfh ffd}omon kdn hgdkbn gbhn|}o{ gh lhkon9

' H}o |dld xn adgm}h adn}old& adn}old& lh{bn|h}h{old {dfblo}bd /

' [ ' fh{ lbih ' h}o xn zh}lolh}d ADGM]H& XN ONO]_XB[\O /.

IXON [ON\ONO KOFH]D


;2


40/50

Uo}o aokh} fo lhk}bukbn lh h{|h izhn ono}qxb{|o& {h nhkh{b|o}o {h} xn udh|o & ro

qxh {x zblo jxh xn udhgo& kxrd }b|gd {fd fo gxh}|h uxld kd}|o}.

[x nbhy jxh kdgd fo lh |dld{ fd{ udm}h{ o fd{ qxh fh jof|o hf m}oyd u}d|hk|d} lhf

uol}h& kxonld fd{ u}bgh}d{ kouxffd{ lh {x hb{|hnkbo hgubhyon o om}b}{h hn|}h fd{

h{ubnd{d{ ko}ld{ lh {|o {dkbhlol& qxh |hgh fo fxy kgd fo{ ozh{ ndk|x}no{. [x

gol}h 4& gxih} lh }dibyd{ did{& kdgd uh}gonhn|h{ go}bud{o{ hnkhnlblo{& hn }hkxh}ld

lhf h{ud{d lh{ouo}hkbld. Gxih} {bn uh}{uhk|bzo{& h{kfozo lh xno {dgm}o.

Udkd ou}hnlb lhf uol}h qxh {h hzoud}omo hn {x ghgd}bo hn|}h fo{ nxmh{ lhf

dfzbld0 ghnd{ oxn lh fo gol}h& qxh |ouomo {x{ {hn|bgbhn|d{ kdn hf gon|d lh xno gd}of

qxh& kdgd jbh}o gbgolo& ojbfo {x{ co}}o{ uo}o ah}b} o fd{ qxh u}h|hnlhn hfhzo} {x zhfd lhco{o jbno r |}on{uo}hn|h& hn fo qxh {h kbh }hzhfnldfd {x lh{jbcx}old r u}d{|b|xbld

kxh}ud.

O}}diold lh{lh gxr nbd of kb}kd lhf |}omoid& {bn|b {dm}h {x{ j}cbfh{ h{uoflo{ fd{

fo|bcoyd{ lh h{o ko{|o& o fo qxh fo - kbzbfbyokbn - kogmb hf ndgm}h lh - nhc}h}d - ud} hf

lh - uo|}n -& r lh h{|h u}bgh} kdn|ok|d kdn fo |}b{|h }hofblol lh {x zblo hn|}h fd{

adgm}h{& nokh {x h{ub}b|x lh h{uo}|oqxb{|o r hf lh{hd lh {h} xn Lozbl ocbf h bn|hfbchn|h&

u}hlb{uxh{|d o hnj}hn|o}{h o h{h Cdfbo|& qxh aokbhnld ldmfo} fo{ }dlbffo{ o fo axgonblol&fo bnkfbno hn axgbffon|h }hzh}hnkbo& ao{|o aokh} mh{o} hf {xhfd uo}o qxh nd zho hf }did

k}hu{kxfd lh {x fbmh}|ol.

Xn lo [on|ono drh o Cdnyofhy Go}n& oqxhf ldk|d} hn fo }hkb|okbn& qxh {xud

ogogon|o} o fd{ uh}{dnoih{ nokbld{ hn hf bngokxfold fhkad bgocbno|bzd lh fd{ udh|o{.

Aomfonld & {x{ub}onld& {xj}bhnld kdn hffd{ kdgd {h}h{ qxh mx{ko}on }hjxcbd hn {x

kd}oyn r hn {x{ fombd{& |hgh}d{d{ lh qxh fo{ gond{ lh{ubololo{ lhf |bhgud fd{

{huxf|o}o hn fo fm}hco |xgmo lhf dfzbld. R oqxhf nbd& of|d lh kxh}ud r h{ub}b|x& z hn

h{|h o}|h lhf mof{ogd qxh uxhlh lxfkbjbko} xn udkd hf ldfd} lh fd{ du}bgbld{ r {h hn|}hco

o f kdn uo{bn. [h hgmd}}okao lh udh{o aokbhnld xno {hfhkkbn lh oqxhffo{ qxh

omonldnon fo{ |d}|xd{o{ h{ub}ofh{ lh xn }dgon|bkb{gd hncod{d uo}o hfhcb} fo fnho

lb}hk|o qxh jx{|bcxh o fd{ udlh}d{d{.

[xho kdn {h} hf Cdnyofhy Go}n lh fo Fbmh}|ol /



41/50

Ocxbfxkad uh}lbld hn|}h fo{ h{uh{o{ {hfzo{ lh fo lxlo {bn go{ co}}o{ qxh fo{ lh

{x zdfxn|ol& {bn d|}o{ ofo{ qxh fo{ lh {x{ lxld{o{ bnqxbh|xlh{& bgud|hn|h uo}o k}xyo} hn

}xld zxhfd fo{ of|o{ gdn|oo{ udmfolo{ lh }hu|bfh{& jo|bcold& {h ud{o hn fo uxfblo }dko

lh fo{ ixzhn|xlh{ fbmh}|o}bo{. Ud} {x kh}hm}d lh ad}bydn|h{ bnlhjbnbld{& k}xyon Ub b

Go}coff& U}dxladg& ]dx{{hox... qxh zon l}oconld hn {x kdnkbhnkbo& fgubo lh u}hixbkbd{.

Kdn did{ lh dm{h}zold}& u}h{hnkbo hf ufo|hold focd qxh h{|d{ uhn{old}h{ dj}hkhn o fd{

adgm}h uo}o qxh ux}bjbqxhn hf kxh}ud {dkbof lh |on|o bngxnlbkbo kdgd fh hnzxhfzh& r fo

kfdoko hn qxh {h moo oqxhffo ixzhn|xl lh ofgo mx}cxh{o& axrh lh hffd{ |hgh}d{d lhf

kdn|ocbd& mx{konld kdgd noj}ocd& xno |omfo ldnlh udlh} ud{o} {x kdnkbhnkbo uo}o

lh{lh hffo }hqxh}b} oxbfbd o |dld{ fd{ {h}h{& uo}o qxh fh orxlhn o {ofzo} fo lb{|onkbo

hb{|hn|h lh{lh h{h go} lh {xgb{d{ h{kfozd{& qxh zon o}}o{|}onld hn|}h {x{ h{uxgd{o{dfo{& fo{ ofco{ lhf zbkbd j{bkd r gd}of& r fo |}onqxbfo uforo fbmh}old}o qxh om}h {x{ jbno{

o}hno{ uo}o {huxf|o} zhbn|h {bcfd{ lh bcndgbnbo{ r lh uh}gonhn|h fxkao kdn|}o fd{

jon|o{go{.

Fo |omfo& fo hnkxhn|}o hn hf O|hnhd lh Lbzxfcokbn [dkbof qxh fd{ ono}qxb{|o{

gofocxhd{ aomon ombh}|d hn fo Ofoghlo lh Kdfn.

[xmh o fo |}bmxno r }hkb|o zo}bo{ udh{bo{& uh}d {h ouh}kbmh qxh f nd ao nokblduo}o kdnzh}|b}{h hn gocnh|djdnd qxh hu}h{h fd qxh d|}d{ aon uhn{old0 |bhnh blho{

u}dubo{ r qxbh}h huh{o} {x{ uhn{ogbhn|d{& qxh zon |dgonld kxh}ud hn {x ghn|h.

Hf zbhid Ndcofh{& xnd lh fd{ g{ jh}zbhn|h{ onbgold}h{ lh oqxhf khn|}d kxf|x}of& zh

hn f xno h{uh}onyo uo}o hf gdzbgbhn|d dm}h}d0 xn gb{bdnh}d lh fo zh}lol ono}qxb{|o r

o{ fd gonbjbh{|o hn|}h oqxhffo{ komhyo{ kono{ qxh o ;; od{ lh lb{|onkbo& oxn gh fo{

}hu}h{hn|d kdgd bnjo|bcomfh{ izhnh{ {of|onld cbfghn|h {dm}h xn }d{o}bd lh }dko{ lh

lbjbkxf|olh{ uo}o om}oyo} o {x ogolo Fbmh}|ol.

Da lbkad{o ixzhn|xl & fo lh oqxhffd{ zbhid{ |b|onh{ kxro {dgm}o aokh hnzhihkh} o

{|o joghfbko ixzhn|xl / Da bndfzblomfh{ zbhid{ qxh {xu{|hb{ }dguh} fo fonyo lh zxh{|}o

ixzhn|xl uo}o aokh} ud{bmfh fo ixzhn|xl lh nxh{|}o zhihy / Da gocnjbkd{ d}old}h{ lhf

mbhn& qxh hfdkxhn|h h{ hf {bfhnkbd lh zxh{|}o{ axgbflh{ |xgmo{ /.



42/50

K}b{|of |}omoiold kdn uokbhnkbo ud} hf lbogon|h lh xno zh}lol bnlb{kx|bmfh& kgd

}h{mofo {dm}h |x {xuh}jbkbh fo{ momo{ lh fo ghn|b}o h{|xlbolo / Zxh{|}d{ axh{d{

mfonqxhold{ ud} fd{ od{ aon {ombld bgu}hcno}{h lh fd{ uh}jxgh{ lh fo{ zbk|d}bd{o{

fxkao{& r |ogmbhn& lh fd{ j}oko{d{ lh h{|o ixzhn|xl lh fo qxh {h lh{u}hnlh hf

nox{homxnld dfd} lh fo{ kgo}o{ gd}|xd}bo{ r qxh uo}o hnkdn|}o} fo zh}lolh}o zblo

|hnl} qxh mx{ko}fo hn fo uoy bguh}|x}momfh lh fd{ khghn|h}bd{.

[on|ono zh uo{o} oqxhf lh{jbfh lh o}}xcold{ }d{|}d{0 h{|xlbo hn {x{ kdnlxk|o{ hf

gd|bzd lh {x{ zblo{ hihgufo}h{0 {x adgm}o& {x{ fxkao{& r lh oqxhf hghn& nokh xno

kxo{b }hfbcbd{o zhnh}okbn. Ud} oqxhffo{ hnkbno{ qxh aomo lh{ojbold fd{ ax}okonh{ lh

{x{ ocb|olo{ hb{|hnkbo{& ud}qxh {x{ }obkh{ h{|omon kfozolo{ hn fo j}|bf |bh}}o lhf

ono}qxb{gd r }hcolo{ ud} fo {onc}h chnh}d{o lh {x{ ghid}h{ abid{.

Of od lh aomh} bnc}h{old hn hf O|hnhd lh Lbzxfcokbn [dkbof& aomo fhbld kdn

ouh|b|d lh aogm}bhn|d fd{ nxgh}d{d{ zdfghnh{ qxh ofbnhold{ hn fo uo}hl nd{ m}bnlomo

{x u}lbco fhk|x}o r lh{bn|h}h{old{ kdn{hid{. Fhr ghlb| r {x h{ub}b|x zokbfon|h {h

okdmo}l of }hkdndkh} {x u}dubo uhqxhhy. Uh}d u}dn|d {h hn{onka. [h bfxgbn

monld{h hn dfholo{ lh {omblx}o oihno r {x hih}kb|olo bn|hfbchnkbo gxf|bufbk fd fhbld

kdn fo gb{go jhkxnlblol qxh fo mxhno |bh}}o of c}ond lh |}bcd qxh {h }hjxcbo hn {x {hnd.

Xn lo bn|h}zbhnh hn xno o{ogmfho lhf [bnlbko|d lh fo Kdn{|}xkkbn ldnlh |on

bn|hfbchn|h{ gbfb|on|h{ lhf {bnlbko|d udfhgbyomon. Fd aokh kdn |of oufdgd& kdn |of

{hcx}blol& qxh uo}hko xn u}djh{d} lb}bcbnld{h o {x{ ofxgnd{. [on|ono ao lh{o|old hf

foyd lh {x hfdkxhnkbo& hf }ogd lh {x {omblx}o& r kdn f zo aokbhnld xn md}lold lh

uhn{ogbhn|d{ lh zbzd kdfd}bld qxh zo h|hnlbnld {x uh}jxgh of {ofb} ud} oqxhffd{

{dn}bhn|h{ fombd{& lh xn Lozbl qxh ao {of|old kdn lhkb{bn of kogud lh fo okkbn&

mfonlbhnld {dm}h {x{ drhn|h{ fo |}hnyolo dnlo lh fo hn{honyo.

O uo}|b} lh {|h gdghn|d& hf ono}qxb{gd kxhn|o kdn xn u}duoconlb{|o go{ hn fo

|}bmxno& kdn Jhlh}bko& O{ko{d& Ldgbncd Ch}gbnof& Zbkhn|h Moffh{|h}& Ixon I. Ldghnhka r

d|}d{ lh nd ghnd{ zofo bn|hfhk|xof. [h lhlbko o {hgm}o} blho{. [bhgm}o kdn uokbhnkbo r

kd}oih& kdn o}ld}& {h aokh |on uduxfo} hn|}h fd{ |}omoiold}h{& ! qxh fh qxbh}hn r fh

olgb}on " kgd hn|}h fo Bcfh{bo r hf Kub|of qxh fh dlbon r& zdgb|on {dm}h f |dlo{ fo{ mbfb{

lh {x{ bnjfogold{ abcold{.



43/50

Of|d lh h{ub}|x r lh kxh}ud h}o nxh{|}d idzhn |}hghnld& hn fo |}bmxno {h

ocbcon|omo kdn {x{ u}djxnld{ kdndkbgbhn|d{ lh u}djh{d} qxh ao h{|xlbold hn fo u}d{o

lh fo hb{|hnkbo& hn fo h|h}no fxkao kdn{bcd gb{gd r hn fo lh fd{ lhg{. [x jdcd{o

}hmhflo |hguh}oghn|of fo u}hkb{bn go|hg|bko lh {x ggbko& {x{ ghlbld{ ch{|d{ lh

o}|b{|o kdn{xgold& {x{ m}oyd{ lh cfolbold} lh{ojbonld zofbn|hghn|h o udlh}d{d{

hnhgbcd{& {x mbhn |bgm}olo zdy lh mo}|dnd& {x{ dud}|xno{ uox{o{& {x {bguo|ko {dn}b{o

lh nbd mxhnd..& |dld hn f& h}o |on no|x}of r o|}orhn|h qxh ao{|o mo{|omo onxnkbo} qxh

[on|ono bmo o aomfo} uo}o hf hf fdkof lh fo K.N.\. }h{xf|o}o bn{xjbkbhn|h uo}o okdch} of

uxhmfd qxh okxlo o db} {x ox|d}byolo zdy.

H}o xn zbhid hn kdndkbgbhn|d& {bn uh}lh} {x zb}cbnblol lh nbd. _xbhnh{kdguo}|bgd{ kdn f fo u}b{bn lx}on|h hf uh}bdld }huxmfbkond& ahgd{ kdn{h}zold xno

{h}bh lh bgmd}}omfh{ }hkxh}ld{ qxh kon|on {x {hnkbffhy r ndmfhyo.

Hf ?2 lh ixfbd lhf ;:& ixn|d kdn d|}d{ izhnh{ fbmh}|o}bd{& hn|}o hn ]olbd Gfoco. [x

ud|hn|h zdy kd}}h om}oyolo o fo{ dnlo{ ffhzonld hf ghn{oih lh fo K.N.\. r lh fo J.O.B.

ffogonld of uxhmfd of kdgmo|h kdn|}o hf jo{kb{gd. Drnldfh aomo qxh |hnh} fo {onc}h

ocxolo uo}o uh}gonhkh} bguo{bmfh{ j}hn|h of }hkhu|d}. Lh{ux{ go}kao of j}hn|h& uh}d {x

zdkokbn nd h{ fo lh {dflold. [x fomd} nd h{| hn hguxo} hf j}d jx{bf& {bnd fo o}lbhn|hufxgo nd bnjh}bd} o {x d}o|d}bo. Ndgm}old Lb}hk|d} lh - JO]D - aokh xn gocnjbkd

ud}|ozdy lh fo K.N.\. r lhf ono}qxb{gd.[x jd}go|d& {x kdfd}bld& fo {hfhkkbn lh {x{

|}omoid{ abyd lh {|o adio xno h{kxhfo ogmxfon|h lh d}bhn|okbn }hzdfxkbdno}bo hn fo{

gond{ lh {x{ fhk|d}h{.

Gfoco {h ubh}lh uo}o fo kox{o lh fo Fbmh}|ol. Hf |}b{|h uh}hc}bnoih lh h{|h uxhmfd

zhnkbld ud} fo |}obkbn lh |on|d{&zo o}}o{|}onld {x |}b{|hyo ud} hf nhc}d o{jof|d lh fo

{h}uhn|hon|h ko}}h|h}o hn mx{ko lh fo ad{ub|ofblol lh d|}d{ uxhmfd{& ud} ldnlh nd aoron

uo{old fd{ m}mo}d{ lh fo k}xy r fo h{uolo. [on|ono u}h{hnkbo o fd{ nbd{& gxih}h{ r

onkbond{ qxh kdn fd{ ubh{ hn{onc}hn|old{ kogbnon ud} fo ko}}h|h}o. Gol}h{ }hjfhionld

hn {x{ ufbld{ }d{|}d{ fo oncx{|bo qxh fh{ u}dlxkh }hgdzh} fd{ kolzh}h{ ogdn|dnold{

hn fo{ kxnh|o{& hn|}h fd{ qxh h{uh}on blhn|bjbko} of abid lh{ouo}hkbld. Uol}h{ kdn zdy

}dnko ud} hf ldfd} r hf kon{onkbd& u}hcxn|onld {bn kh{o} o lbh{|}d r {bnbh{|}d ud} {x{

jogbfbo}h{& lb{uh}{old{ ud} fd{ mdgmo}lhd{ lhf Kono}bo{ r lh fo ozbokbn ofhgono.



44/50

Fx|d r ldfd}& fc}bgo{ r {onc}h /. H{h h{ hf h{|onlo}|h lh oqxhffo u}dkh{bn& qxh

mx{ko fo fbmh}|ol r hnkxhn|}o fo gxh}|h. Gbhn|}o{ |on|d& fd{ |onqxh{ b|ofbond{ {bcxhn

ozonyonld {dm}h xno ofjdgm}o lh kolzh}h{& hn hf ad}bydn|h }did r nhc}d lh fo{ kdfbno{

kh}kono{& {h lbmxion fd{ mfonkd{ |x}mon|h{ lh fo{ ad}lo{ gd}o{& lonld c}okbo{ o

Goadgo ud} hf |}bxnjd qxh aon kdn{hcxbld uo}o hf k}b{|bond J}onkd.. Oqxhf kofzo}bd lhf

uxhmfd gofocxhd aomo lh qxhlo} jd|dc}ojbold hn {x {hn{bmbfblol axgonb{|o& qxh

kxonld kh}}omo fd{ did{ {h bgocbnomo oqxhf kxol}d kdgd {b axmbh}o {bld ubn|old ud}

Cdro.

Ffhco o Ofgh}o h|hnxold& {xkbd r aogm}bhn|d& ud} kogo hf lx}d {xhfd lh xno

{hk}h|o}o lh fo J.F.&uh}d h{|o jo|bco nd lx}o nolo go{ qxh xn lo. [h |hno qxh |}omoio}

kdn go{ oankd qxh on|h{& oxnqxh {dfd jxh}o uo}o kdn{dfo} |on|d{ {xj}bgbhn|d{. \on|d}uh gh {bhn|d aomfonld lh f& qxh zdfxn|o}boghn|h dgb|d gxkad{ hub{dlbd{ lh {x zblo&

|hgh}d{d lh qxh gb ufxgo lh{jbcx}h fo mhffhyo lh {x{ okkbdnh{.

Hf Kdgb| ]hcbdnof lh Onlofxko r H|}hgolx}o& kdnjo o {x |ofhn|d fo lb}hkkbn

lhf uh}blbkbd }hcbdnof - NH]ZBD -& qxh of kdn|ok|d kdn {x{ gond{ r {x{ bnocd|omfh{

bnbkbo|bzo{& {h aokh |on bn|h}h{on|h& qxh kdn{|b|xrh hf ofbghn|d h{ub}b|xof lh fd{ izhnh{ r

zbhid{ ono}qxb{|o{ qxh kdgmo|on hn fd{ j}hn|h{.

Of {ofb} lh xn gb|bn hn hf qxh [on|ono aomf hn ndgm}h lh fo J.O.B.& hf zbhid Gonxhf

U}hy& goh{|}d lh goh{|}d{& lbid0

'Lh kxon|d{ d}old}h{ ah dbld aomfo} lh fo J.O.B.& nbncxnd ao udlbld lo}fh fo

hfhzokbn xh fh ao lold gocb{|}ofghn|h h{|h idzhn d}old}.

Kdgd d}old} r kdgd h{k}b|d}& jxh xn zh}lolh}d zblhn|h. Mo{|o }huo{o} {x{ |}omoid{

lh - ]X\O -& kxonld {h khfhm} hf Ufhnd lh Zofhnkbo & uo}o lo}nd{ kxhn|o lh qxh f

hguhy ud} ldnlh nd{d|}d{ ahgd{ |h}gbnold.

Fd{ jx{bfh{ kohn lh fo{ gond{ lh fd{ kdgmo|bhn|h{. Ao |h}gbnold fo cxh}}o /.

H{|o zdy {h z ghykfonld kdn fo oncx{|bo lh fd{ on|bcxd{ gbfbkbond{. [on|ono nd qxb{d d

nd uxld cono} hf lh{|bh}}d&a

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