July 2014 doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d Project: IEEE ... · Kiosk Download Slide 3 File Exchange Tablet . doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d Submission July 2014 Ichiro Seto,

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014

Ichiro Seto, Toshiba Slide 1

Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

Submission Title: radio propagation performance of close proximity P2P on 60 GHz band

Date Submitted: 14 July, 2014

Source: Ichiro Seto, Kiyoshi Toshimitsu, Kazuaki Kawabata, Koji Akita and Hideo Kasami

Company: Toshiba Corporation

Address: 580-1 Horikawa-cho, Saiwai-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

Voice:+81-44-548-2342, FAX: +81-44-548-2342, E-Mail: [email protected]

Re: []

Abstract: This document describes measured radio propagation performance of close proximity P2P

communication on 60 GHz band for applications of file transfer between CEs, kiosk downloading etc.

Purpose: To discuss radio propagation performance of close proximity P2P on 60 GHz band

Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for

discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this

document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the

right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of

IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15.

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014

Ichiro Seto, Toshiba

• Background for studying channel model in

802.15.3d which focuses close proximity

point-to-point, P2P, communication on 60

GHz band

• Measurement results of radio propagation

performance

– Small form factor antennas

– Antennas are placed inside consumer electronic, CE

Contents

Slide 2

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


• Close Proximity P2P Communication System

Application Usages and Technical Features

on 60 GHz band in 15.3d

• Technical features – Distance: a few to 5 centimeters [TBD]

– Wide unlicensed band: 57 to 66 GHz [TBD]

– Capability of data-rate: over Gbps to 100 Gbps [TBD]

DSC Laptop PC Phone Laptop PC

Kiosk Download

Slide 3

File Exchange

Tablet

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Millimeter-wave, mmW, antenna difference

• Conventional channel measurements in 15.3c for Kiosk [1]

– Reference Antenna : Horn type with FWHM of 30 deg ,

not small form factor type

– Transmission distance : 1m range

• Close proximity channel [2] in 15.3d

– Applying small form factor antennas to be

placed inside CE devices,

• Tendency of wide-angle radiation

– Transmission distance : a few to 5 centimeters

Slide 4

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


mmW antenna of small form factor

• Antenna Type for Single-Input-Single-Output

– Wire like monopole, dipole, loop

– Planer like patch

– Directional like Horn

– Slot

• Antenna Radiation Performance we should consider

– Polarization

• Horizontal, Vertical, Circle

– Directivity

• Full width of half maximum, FWHM

• Forward / Backward

– Obstacles between TX and RX

• Without metal or with metal which belongs to CE chassis

Slide 5

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Study on Channel Model in 15.3d on 60 GHz band

• We need to confirm radio propagation performance in close

proximity P2P communication concerning

– Antenna of small form factor like wire or planer type

– The effects of CE chassis or reflections in CE

– Transmission distance of a few centimeters

• We show our measurement results in close proximity P2P

communication using

– Loop antenna of wire type

• FWHM : 60 deg. of forward and backward radiation

– Antennas are placed inside CE with/without metal chassis

– Transmission distance of a few centimeters

Slide 6

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Antenna Type and Radiation Pattern

• Loop antenna of wire type having wide-angle radiation

PCB

BGA package

Small form factor antenna

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5A

nte

nn

a g

ain

[d

Bi]

Angle [degree]

56GHz Co-pol

57GHz Co-pol

60GHz Co-pol

63GHz Co-pol

65GHz Co-pol

56GHz X-pol

57GHz X-pol

60GHz X-pol

63GHz X-pol

65GHz X-pol

0 30 60 90 120 150 180-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

Ante

nna g

ain

[dB

i]

Angle [degree]

xy

C

F

I

K

O2

O3

O6

O9

O11

yz-plane xy-plane 0 30 60 90 120 150 180-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

Ante

nna g

ain

[dB

i]

Angle [degree]

56GHz Co-pol 56GHz X-pol





x

y

z

y

x z

Slide 7

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Measurement Setup • The LSIs having small form factor antennas are placed inside CEs.

• OFDM signals generated by AWG are transmitted via this 60 GHz close proximity channel, and sampled by an oscilloscope.

• By using IFFT to measure 10GHz band frequency spectra, Power Delay Profiles (PDP) with about 0.1nsec resolution are obtained.

DigitalCameraWaveform

GeneratorOscilloscope

Laptop PCArbitrary

10MHz Reference

Small Transceiver Module

Po

we

r

Freq.

IFFT FFT

Po

we

r

Freq.

Small form factor Antenna

Slide 8

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Measurement Conditions • Laptop-PC (for Tx) is fixed on metal desk.

• Digital Camera (for Rx) is moved in the measurement area.

– Distance(Y) : 10 ~ 40 mm

– Horizontal (X) and Vertical offset : -15 ~ +15 mm and 0 ~ 6 mm

• Under conditions with or without metal on the cover of CE chassis

• Under condition with antenna polarization align

Foamed Polystyrene

Laptop PC

Radio waveAbsorber

Digital Camera

(a) A Digital Camera and a Laptop PC

(b) with metal on the cover

(c) without metal on the cover

BottomCover

Measurement AreaZ

X

Y

Measurement Area

Slide 9

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Parameters of Measurements

Frequency range 56-66 GHz

Frequency step 15.625 MHz

Tx power 0 dBm

Tx electronic device Laptop PC

Rx electronic device Digital camera with and without metal on cover

Measurement range X: -15~15 mm, Y: 10~40 mm, Z:0~6 mm

Measurement step 0.1 mm, 1.5 mm

Antenna polarization Horizontal polarization

Slide 10

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Example of measured PDP • Fading in a cycle of about a half wavelength is observed.

There are a lot of reflections at devices and a desk.

Ex

cess

Del

ay [

nse

c]

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

-40

0

-10

-20

-30

10 15 20 25 30

Y axis [mm]

[dB]

Distance [mm]

Slide 11

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25Excess Delay [nsec]

No

rmal

ized

Po

wer

[d

B]

Averaged Power Delay Profiles (PDP)

• Averaging measured N PDPs with

1

1 1N

i i

n i

P t TN L

iP t

iT

iL

PDP at i-th meas. point.

Theoretical delay at i-th meas. point.

Theoretical propagation loss at i-th meas. point.

The first path

Delayed paths

With metal cover Without metal cover

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25Excess Delay [nsec]

No

rmal

ized

Po

wer

[d

B]

Delayed paths

The first path

Slide 12

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Cumulative Distribution Functions of Each Path Power

• Delayed Paths : Rayleigh Distribution.

• The first path : Rice or Rayleigh Distribution.

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Cu

mu

lati

ve D

istr

ibu

tio

n F

un

cti

on

Normalized Power [dB]

excess delay=0.00nsecexcess delay=0.25nsecexcess delay=0.50nsecexcess delay=0.75nsecexcess delay=1.00nsecRayleigh Dist.Rice Dist. (factor:3dB)Rice Dist. (factor:5dB)

1.E-04

1.E-03

1.E-02

1.E-01

1.E+00

-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10

Cu

mu

lati

ve D

istr

ibu

tio

n F

un

cti

on

Normalized Power [dB]

excess delay=0.00nsecexcess delay=0.25nsecexcess delay=0.50nsecexcess delay=0.75nsecexcess delay=1.00nsecRayleigh Dist.Rice Dist. (factor:3dB)Rice Dist. (factor:5dB)

With metal cover Without metal cover

Slide 13

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

-0.25 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75

Rel

ativ

e P

ow

er [

dB

]

Excess Delay [nsec]

Polarization randomization

PDP Gap exists on the first path. Two PDPs converge over 0.25nsec.

Radio wave polarization is sufficiently randomized on reflections over

0.25nsec inside devices,

Tx:V, Rx:H

Tx:H, Rx:H

0.25nsec => 75mm

Randomized by reflections

Slide 14

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Channel Model Idea

2

//10

1, 0

10 , 1 1nn t

nE

e n N

Po

wer

: Decay Factor

Time

: Initial Decay

K: Rice FactorRice Fading

Rayleigh Fading

ntn

: delay of n-th path

: amplitude of n-th path

Slide 15

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Calculation of initial decay

, , , ,

, ,

/10

, ,

0

,

1

,10

1 10

2

log

2

Tx V Tx H Tx V Tx H

Rx V R

K

Rx V Tx V Rx H H

x

x

H

T

G G G GG G

G G G G

, , , ,, , ,Tx H Rx H Tx V Rx VG G G G : Antenna gain in linear scale for H/V and Tx/Rx.

K : Rice Factor

Not de-polarized

Sufficiently de-polarized

Po

wer

: Decay Factor

Time

: Initial Decay


Rayleigh Fading

Slide 16

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Evaluation of channel model idea

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35

Cu

mu

lati

ve

Dis

trib

uti

on

Fu

nct

ion

RMS Delay Spread [nsec]

w/ metal on cover (measured)

w/ metal on cover (modeled)

w/o metal on cover (measured)

w/o metal on cover (modeled)

with metal on

cover

without metal

on cover

Initial decay

[dB] 2.85 5.04

Decay

factor

[nsec]

0.167 0.165

Rice factor

K [dB] -8.09 -0.41

• RMS delay spread were compared with computer simulations.

• We confirmed the proposed model excellently fit the measured data.

Slide 17

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Channel model difference

Slide 18

Po

wer

: Decay Factor

Time

: Initial Decay


Rayleigh FadingTwo path model

Cluster1 (only one exists)

TSV Channel model in 15.3c Channel model idea in 15.3d

for close proximity P2P communications

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


Conclusion

• We showed measured radio propagation performance of close proximity P2P communication

– with small form factor antenna of wide-angle radiation characteristics

– with the effects of CE chassis and desktop

• We presented channel model idea

– Its channel model idea fits the measured data

• New channel model shall be defined for close proximity P2P communication on 60 GHz band in 15.3d

• Further works in 15.3d

– Define radio propagation environment

– Study other antenna cases as reference

Slide 19

doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d

Submission

July 2014


[1] IEEE 15-07-0584-01-003c “IEEE 802.15.3c channel modeling sub-

committee Report” in March 2007

[2] Koji Akita et al., “Design of a 60 GHz Proximity Communication

System: Antenna in Package and Desktop Channel Measurements,” 6th

GSMM (global symposium on millimeter wave) 2013 in Sendai, Japan,

April 22-23 2013

Reference

Slide 20

Documents

July 2014 doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d Project: IEEE ... · Kiosk Download Slide 3 File Exchange Tablet . doc.: IEEE 802.15-14-0416-00-003d Submission July 2014 Ichiro Seto,