KALIMAT AKTIF DAN PASIF

KALIMAT AKTIF DAN PASIF

Kalimat aktif (active voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat. Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah. Passive voice digunakan karena object dari active voice merupakan informasi yang lebih penting dibandingkan dengan subject-nya.

Contoh : Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months

Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

Dari contoh ini dapat kita lihat bahwa:

1. Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice

2. Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan dari subject pronoun we menjadi object pronoun us.

3. Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.

4. Ditambahkannya be is di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).

5. Ditambahkannya kata by di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata by.

6. Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan being di depan verb3). Kalau tidak ditambahkan being, tensisnya akan berubah, bukan progressive/continuous lagi. Perhatikan contoh-contoh pada poin h o di bawah.

Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

Pola active dan passive voice pada tiap tensis

a. Jika active voice dalam simple present tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah is, am atau are.Contoh: Active : He meets them everyday.

Passive : They are met by him everyday.

Active : She waters this plant every two days.

Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days.

b. Jika active voice dalam simple past tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah was atau wereContoh: Active : He met them yesterday

Passive : They were met by him yesterday

Active : She watered this plant this morning

Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning

c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi has been atau have beenContoh: Active : He has met them

Passive : They have been met by him

Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.

Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

d. Jika active voice dalam past perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had beenContoh: Active : He had met them before I came.

Passive : They had been met by him before I came.

Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here

Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

e. Jika active voice dalam simple future tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah beContoh: Active : He will meet them tomorrow.

Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.

Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.

Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week

Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi will have beenContoh: Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.

Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.

Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi would have been.Contoh: Active : He would have met them.

Passive : They would have been met by him.

Active : She would have watered this plant.

Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.

h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.Contoh: Active : He is meeting them now.

Passive : They are being met by him now.

Active : She is watering this plant now.

Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.

i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.Contoh: Active : He was meeting them.

Passive : They were being met by him.

Active : She was watering this plant.

Passive : This plant was being watered by her.

j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.Contoh:

Active : He has been meeting them.

Passive : They have been being met by him.

Active : She has been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.

k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah had been + being.Contoh: Active : He had been meeting them.

Passive : They had been being met by him.

Active : She had been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.

l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will be + being.Contoh: Active : He will be meeting them.

Passive : They will be being met by him.

Active : She will be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.

m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would be + being.Contoh: Active : He would be meeting them.

Passive : They would be being met by him.

Active : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah will have been + being.Contoh: Active : He will have been meeting them.

Passive : They will have been being met by him.

Active : She will have been watering this plant.

Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.

o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka be passive voice-nya adalah would have been + being.Contoh: Active : He would be meeting them.

Passive : They would be being met by him.

Active : She would be watering this plant.

Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.

Contoh-contoh yang lain:1. Kokos nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).

2. The Indonesian football team was beaten by the Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).

3. These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).

4. There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).

5. English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).

Thats all. Untuk mengetahui pemahaman anda dalam kalimat aktif dan kalimat pasif, silakan kerjakan Practice test 5.

1. SBY and Budiono won the general election.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 SBY and Budiono are won by the general election.The general election is won by SBY and Budiono.The general election was won by SBY and Budiono.The general election were won by SBY and Budiono.

2. Robby will buy John a new cloth.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 John will be bought by Robby a new cloth.John would be bought a new cloth by Robby.A new cloth will be bought by Robby for John.A new cloth will be bought by John for Robby.

3. Some students are going to arrange a reunion party at school next month.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 A reunion party are going to arrange by some students at school next month.A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.A reunion party is going to arrange by some students at school next month.A reunion party is going to be arranged by some students at school next month.

4. Neither James nor Jenny has been told yet.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 James has told Jenny already.Jenny has told James already.Nobody has told James and Jenny.They have told either James or Jenny.

5. My book was stolen.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 Someone stole my book.Someone has stolen my bookSomeone have stolen my book.Someone was stealing my book

6. My father enlarged and repainted the house.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 The house is enlarged by my father and repainted.The house was enlarged and repainted by my father.The house was being enlarged and repainted by my father.The house was to enlarge and repaint by my father.

7. My friend is reading a book in the classroom.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 A book is read by my friend in the classroom.A book is readed by my friend in the classroom.A book is be reading by my friend in the classroom.A book is being read by my friend in the classroom.

8. Cristiano Ronaldo scored the winning goal.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 The goal is won by Cristiano Ronaldo scoredThe goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.The winning goal is scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.The winning goal was scored by Cristiano Ronaldo.

9. After class, one of the students always erases the whiteboard.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 After class, the whiteboard is always erased by one of the students.After class, the whiteboard are always erased by one of the students.After class, the whiteboard is always being erased by one of the students.After class, the whiteboard always is erased by one of the students.

10. I am happy now.

HTMLCONTROL Forms.HTML:Option.1 Happy is now by me.Happiness is by me now.The happiness is now by me.None of the above options are correct.

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