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KASUS CERVICAL SPINE KASUS CERVICAL SPINE Sugijanto Disampaikan pada Kuliah Reguler MK: Manualterapi III Fakultas Fisioterapi UIEU

KASUS CERVICAL SPINE

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Page 1: KASUS CERVICAL SPINE

KASUS CERVICAL SPINEKASUS CERVICAL SPINE

SugijantoDisampaikan pada Kuliah Reguler

MK: Manualterapi IIIFakultas Fisioterapi UIEU

Page 2: KASUS CERVICAL SPINE

MEKANISME NYERI NECK ARM

Nyeri leher dan lengan

Cervical spine Shoulder Thoracal spine Thoracic outlet

discligament tendomusclcostovertefacet &

uncinatebursae

iritasi radix

radicularpsudoradicular

osteofitnyeri lokal/referal Inflamasi

neurovege

microsorculation

ischemic hipertone

spasm

fibrosis

contractbrachial nerve entrapment

posture

muscle tightness

nerve ischemiccalcification

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NECK ARM PAIN

Neck arm pain sering dijumpai dlm klinisJenis patologi: Pseudoradicular sec. Spondylo arthrosis, Spasm Torticolis sec. disc migration, radicular pain sec. disc bulging/HNP, postural disorder, shoulder-arm pain and paresthesia sec. TOS, neck arm pain sec.myofascial syndrome dan shoulder arm pain sec.suprahumeral pathology.

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Spondyloarthrosis cervic

Diawali discosis (pemipihan, pengerasan disc)Terjadi arthrosis (penipisan, pengerasan hyaline cartilage danerosi facets)Mulai instabilitas → iritasi jar. Lunak→ psudoradicular painCapsule-ligaments contractureMuscle tight /contractedPembentukan osteofit tepi facets dancorpusPenyempitan foramentintervertebraleIritasi radix → Radicular pain

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Assessment

Morning sickness dan Start painNyeri jenis ngilu/pegal cervical –interscapulae /lengan, disertai kaku leherNyeri/paresthesia meningkat grk cervical ekstensiFlat neck atau Lordosis atau deviasiGerak fleksi terasa tegang tetapi nyeriberkurang, gerak ekstensi nyeri cervical menyebar hingga intersccapular atau lenganGerak ekstensi 3 dimensi cervical nyeri danparesthesia pada leher hingga interscapularatau lenganNyeri dan ROM terbatas dengan firm end feel, sering terasa crepitasiKeterbatasan gerak dalam capsular pattern

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Tes khusus dan data medik

Compression test posisiekstensi nyeri menyebarJoint play movement lateral gapping test atau 3 dimentional flexion terbatasfirm end feel.Tes dengan PACVP nyerisegmental‘X’ ray dijumpai osteofit tepicorpus dan/atau facets

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Intervension

Cervical static traction in flat atau fleksi position.Contract relax stretching tight musclesPostural correction & ergonomicFlexion exc

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Cervical disc migrationCervical disc migrationNucleus terdorong kesatu sisi dan terjebaktanpa kerusakan annulus fibrosusAkibat posisi menetap / deviasiDengan/tanpa inflamasiAcut / chronicMuscle spasm, tightness atau contractedLigament contracture pd std lanjutPostural deformityPseudo radikuler atau radicular

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AssessmentAssessment

Nyeri leher pseudo radiculairNyeri saat bangun tidur (jenisakut)Posisi: forward head position/deviasiOrientasi Fleksi-ekstensi nyeriGrk 3 dimensi ekstensi nyerihebatTeraba spasm parta cervicalCompression test nyeri traksinyaman

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IntervensionIntervension

Traction in lordoticposition: teknik osilasiLatihan mobilisasi ekstensi: teknik Mc. KenzieContract relax stretchingProper neck mechanic

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Cervical disc bulging/HNPCervical disc bulging/HNPKerusakan bag dalam anulus fibrosusNucleus pulposus terdorong posterior/ posterolateral kadang anteriorPenekanan isi forament intervertebrale/ inflamasi radix atau stenosis spinal canalMuscle guarding spasm, tight, contractedFlat neck /deviation.Iritasi radix → Radicular pain(Brachialgia)Iritasi spinal canal→Hemi/tetra parestesia/pain

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AssessmentAssessmentNyeriNyeri ngilungilu cervical cervical hinggahingga lenganlengan dan dan paresthesiaparesthesia sdsd tangantangan pdpd areaarea dermatomedermatomePosisiPosisi menundukmenunduk & & grkgrk fleksifleksi cervical cervical nyerinyeri/ / paresthesiaparesthesia meningkatmeningkat ekstensiekstensi lebihlebih nyamannyamanFlatFlat neckneck atauatau deviasideviasiOrientasiOrientasi fleksifleksi cervical cervical nyerinyeri dandan bilabiladipertahankandipertahankan timbultimbul paresthesiaparesthesialengan/tanganlengan/tanganGerakGerak eskensieskensi 3 3 dimensidimensi cervical cervical nyerinyeri leherleher, , interscapularinterscapular dandan paresthesiaparesthesia hinggahinggalengan/tanganlengan/tanganFleksiFleksi pasifpasif nyerinyeri--terbatasterbatas springy end feel. springy end feel. EkstensiEkstensi cervical cervical nyamannyaman, , grkgrk lain lain kadangkadangterbatasterbatas..

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TesTes khususkhusus dandan data data medikmedik

Compression test Compression test posisiposisi ekstensiekstensiatauatau lateral flex lateral flex unilatunilatTraction test Traction test posisiposisi ekstensiekstensiTes sensasi dijumpai Tes sensasi dijumpai hypoaesthesia/paresthesia area hypoaesthesia/paresthesia area dermatome tertentudermatome tertentuPACVP nyeri segmentalPACVP nyeri segmental

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IntervensionIntervensionCervical oscillated traction Cervical oscillated traction in in lordoticlordotic position.position.MobilisasiMobilisasi nucleus nucleus grkgrksegmental extensionsegmental extensionPostural correction & Postural correction & ergonomicergonomicExtension Extension excexc

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CERVICAL HEAD ACHECERVICAL HEAD ACHE► Sub occypital Capsule lig. contracture

dan muscle tight/contracted► Scalenus & sternocleido mastoid ms

contracted► Iritasi C0-C1, C1-C2 atau C2-C3.► Segment C1 → larynx/pharynx, TMJ

parietal.► Segment C2 → parietal-temporal► Segment C3 → Temporal-cervical

girdle►Muscle tightness, myofascial

syndrome

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AssessmentAssessment►► Nyeri kepala satu sisi dgn kaku Nyeri kepala satu sisi dgn kaku

cervical, meningkat pd posisi cervical, meningkat pd posisi menetap kepala/grk cervical ttt, menetap kepala/grk cervical ttt, berkurang bila disandarkan; juga berkurang bila disandarkan; juga bilabilastress stress atauatau otototot leherleher tegangtegang

►► PosisiPosisi leherleher forward head pos/forward head pos/deviasideviasi►► GrkGrk fleksifleksi--ekstensiekstensi cervical cervical nyerinyeri

meningkatmeningkat dandan GrkGrk eskensieskensi / / 3dimensi cervical 3dimensi cervical nyerinyeri kepalakepala--leherleher

►► NyeriNyeri--terbatasterbatas springy end feel springy end feel grkgrk ttttttdandan grkgrk cervical cervical sebaliknyasebaliknya trasatrasanyamannyaman

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TesTes khususkhusus dandan data data medikmedik

►► PalpasiPalpasi dijumpaidijumpai hypertonehypertone ototototcervicalcervical

►► PalpasiPalpasi kadangkadang dijumpaidijumpai muscle muscle taut band taut band dandan twistingtwisting

►► Traction test Traction test posisiposisi netralnetral keluhankeluhanberkurangberkurang

►► PACVP nyeri segmental PACVP nyeri segmental ►► Tes C0Tes C0--C1 dan C1C1 dan C1--22►► ‘‘XX’’ ray ray dijumpaidijumpai flat neck flat neck kadangkadang

kifosiskifosis segment segment tertentutertentu

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IntervensionIntervension► Strocking/effleurage otot cervical ► Transverse friction pd trigger point► Transverse/longitudinal muscle

stretching► Cervical traction (bl disk problem)

Intermittent posisi lordosis beban 20-30% BB, periode traksi dan istirahat pendek durasi 10-15 menit

► Contract relax stretching► Proper neck mechanic anjuran posisi

leher relax

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Scalenus vs pectoralis minor syndrome TOSScalenus vs pectoralis minor syndrome TOS

Gangg somestesia/brachialgiaGejala terbalik hiper abduksilenganKompresi/neuropraksia posisi tttPilahkan dgn costoclavicular dancervical ribs syndromeGangguan somestesiadan/protopatik pd posisi vsmenetapForward head position vs girdle protracted→ psudoradicular pain

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AssessmentAssessmentParaesthesia lengan-tangan kdg dgn nyeripd area nervinaMeningkat bl menjinjing barang (scalenus) atau tidur lengan kekepala (pectoralis minor)Posisi kepala forward head position (scalenus) girdle protracted (pectoralisminor)Orientasi abduksi-elevasi saat hiper abduksiditahan tmbul paresthesia (pectoralis minor)Lateral fleksi kontralat pasif paresthesia(scalenus)

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Tes khusus dan data medikTes khusus dan data medik

AdsonAdson test (test (scalenusscalenus) ) positifpositif atauatauhyperabductionhyperabduction test (test (pectpect minor) minor) positifpositifPalpasi scalenus dan nerve trunk nyeri semutan hingga ke tanganTinnelTinnel testtest

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IntervensionIntervension

Contract relax stretching thdotot contracture, Mobilsasi costa 1, Neural mobilizationPostural correction protraksi(scalenus) atau girdle retraction (pect minor).

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NeckNeck--shoulder shoulder MyofascialMyofascial pain pain

•• AkibatAkibat ischemic pd ischemic pd otototot, , timbultimbul inflamasiinflamasidgndgn abnormal cross links abnormal cross links myofibrilemyofibrile--fasciafascia

•• DptDpt mengenaimengenai erector spine cervical, erector spine cervical, girdle, upper girdle, upper thoracalthoracal

•• Muscle taut band /twisting Muscle taut band /twisting dgndgn trigger trigger point point

•• Local Local dandan referred pain referred pain polapola dermatome/ dermatome/ vegetative.vegetative.

•• AllodyniaAllodynia →→ psudoradicularpsudoradicular painpain

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AssessmentAssessment

•• NyeriNyeri pegalpegal menyebarmenyebar dlmdlm polapolanervina/vegetatifnervina/vegetatif

•• NyeriNyeri meningkatmeningkat reganganregangan otototot ybsybs•• NyeriNyeri meningkatmeningkat kontraksikontraksi padapada otototot

yang yang bersangkutanbersangkutan•• TergantungTergantung regio regio yangyang terkenaterkena•• GerakGerak pasifpasif nyerinyeri regangregang otototot ygyg

terkenaterkena•• GerakGerak isometricisometric nyerinyeri ygyg terkenaterkena

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TesTes khususkhusus dandan data data medikmedik

•• PalpasiPalpasi: trigger point, : trigger point, padapada taut taut band band dandan twisting, twisting, nyerinyerimenyebarmenyebar..

•• Stretch test Stretch test nyerinyeri otototot ygyg terkenaterkena•• PACVP/LPAVP PACVP/LPAVP thoracalthoracal spine spine

nyerinyeri

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IntervensionIntervension

•• Transverse/longitudinal manual muscle Transverse/longitudinal manual muscle stretching.stretching.

•• Auto stretching/Auto stretching/MyofascialMyofascial releaserelease

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Benturan tidak langsung• Asceleration• Desceleration

Sprain Atlanto axial joint, atlanto occypitaljointSprain/partial/total ligament laxity →hypermobile/instability/Listhesis.Muscle strain Neural • Spinal cord: hemi/tetra paresthesia/paresis• Radix: radicular pain

Vascular (vertebrobasiler a.): • Head ache, diziness, vertigo dll

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Grk fleksi cerv terjadi clicking dgn nyeri (/paresthesia) leher- lenganGrk eskensi 3 dimensi cerv nyeri (/paresthesia) lenganNyeri dan ROM hipemobil dgn empty end feel, satu/lebih grk pasif cervical terbatas springy end feel Keterbatasan grk non capsular pattern.Nyeri pada gerak isometric Nyeri berkurang pasca gerak isometrik

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Palpasi dijumpai hypertone otot cervicalTraction test posisi netral keluhan berkurangJoint play movement satu/lebih terjadi range lebih besar dari normal dengan springy end feel, kadang clickingGrk segmental C1-C2 range lebih besar dari normal dengan springy end feeTes dengan PACVP nyeri segmental

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Passive stabilization.Active stabilization

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SUPRAHUMERAL PATHOLOGY

Subdetoid bursitis, tendinitis m. supraspinatus, m. infraspinatus, m. subscapulaeis dan m. bicep caput longus.Impingement syndrome: hypertrophy m. supra spinatusAktualitas tinggi → referred pain (C4)-C5–(C6) nyeri bahu – lengan.

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Assessment

Painful arcNon capsular patternIsometrc :SHOULDER ABDUCTION

M. supraspinatus

SHOULDER INTERNAL ROTATION

M. subscapularisSHOULDER EXTERNAL ROT

M. infraspinatusELBOW FLEXION

M. Biceps brachii

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Tes khusus dan data medik

Isometric + caudal translation. Palpasi posisi tertentu:

M. SUPRASPINATUS

Posisi Add-Internal rot penuh tangan belakang punggung.

Palpasi ventrocaudal acromion, arah lateromedial.

Lokasi tendoperiosteal; tendon.

M. INFRASPINATUSPosisi Sphynx, horizontal Add - external rot.Palpasi tuberculum minus arah cranio-caudal..

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Palpasi

M. SUBSCAPULARISPosisi netral sedikit external rotasiPalpasi medial tuberculum minus sambil gerak external-internal rot

TENDON M. BICEPS CAPUT LONGUM

Posisi netral sedikit external rotasiPalpasi sulcus bicipitalis sambil grk external-internal rot

BURSA SUBDELTOIDEAPosisi extensionPalpasi ventrocaudal acromion diatas tuberculum mayus humeri..

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Intervension

Trasverse friction, caudal traction/ translationCodmann pendular exercise

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KepustakaanCook CE, Osthopaedic Manual Therapy, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2007

Goodmann & Boissaunnault, Pathology implication for physiotherapy. WB Saunders co, London, 2000.

Helting D & Kessler RM, Management of common musculoskeletal disorder, ippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2006.

Makofsky HW, Spinal Manual Therapy, Slack inc, NJ USA, 2003

Meadows JTS, Orthopaedic Differential Diagnosis in Physisal therapy, Mc Graw-Hill, NY, 1999.

Van der El, A, Lunacek, P and Wagemaker, A, Manuele therapie, wervelkolom onderzoek, deel 1, Uitgeverij Manuwel, Roterdam, Ed. I, 1983.

Van der El, A, Lunacek, P and Wagemaker, A, Manuele therapie Wervelkolom Behandeling, deel 2, Uitgeverij Manuwel, Roterdam, Ed. I, 1989.

Dvorak, J and Dvorak, V, Medical checklists Manual Medicine, Gerg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, New York, 1991.

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