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Kinetika Pertumbuhan

Agroindustri Produk Fermentasi

Kompetensi yang Diharapkan

Menguasai kinetika pertumbuhan mikroorganisme sehingga tepat penerapannya untuk operasi industri fermentasi secara batch, kontinyu dan fed-batch.

Menguasai kinetika pertumbuhan mikroorganisme sehingga tepat penerapannya untuk operasi industri fermentasi produk metabolit primer, metabolit sekunder, biomassa sel, dan produk biotransformasi.

2

Microbial Growth

Microbial Cell Growth

Mode of Growth Selective assimilation of nutrients and

convert into and also include Chemical rearrangement of protoplasmic material characteristic of the particular organism

Production of an increased amount of nuclear substance and cell division

3

Growth Phase

Growth Phase

Induction Phase (Lag Phase)

Transient Phase (Acceleration Phase)

Exponential Phase

Stationary Phase (Declining Phase)

Death Phase

4

Question Sheet

Why microbial growth have an lag phase?

Why death phase could be occurred in microbial growth?

What is essential nutrient for growth of organism especially prokaryotes?

What is important factor for cell division?

Growth Approximation

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Growth ConstantsExponential – Stationary Growth PhaseTotal Biomass Production(G)

Incident growth rate, Incident mean division rate ()

Specific growth rate, Beginning mean division rate ()

Doubling time of population (D); exponential growth phase

dt

dX

Xtt

X

X

1

12

ln1

2

dt

dX

Xt

1lim

0

)( im XXG

2ln

D

Classical Growth KineticsEmpirical Approximation

Monod Growth Kinetic

Tessier Growth Kinetic

Moser Growth Kinetic

Contois Growth Kinetic

sΚ

s

s μμ

11

sKs

sKse /1

sXB

s

6

Empirical Growth KineticsMedium constituent Inhibition

Andrews Growth Kinetic

Aiba Growth Kinetici

2K

s

sK

s

s

pKsK

Ks

ps

p

Growth KineticsMultiple essential nutrient

Bailey Growth Kinetic

...33

3

22

2

11

1

sK

s

sK

s

sK

s

sss

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Home Work

Which kinetic approximation do you choose in case of microbial growth of Hepatotoxin produced OscilatoriaAgardhii NIVA CYA 97 in low temperature?

Which empirical equation that you choose of inoculation of microorganism in case of multiple content limitation of nutrients, such as Mg2+, phosphate, Nitrate and organic compound?

Which kinetic approximation do you choose of cultivation photosynthetic microorganism that did not grew up in pH above 7.8?

Simple Bio-Production Kinetic Cellular growth rate

Monod approximation

Yield factor

Substrate Utilization

Product Formation

(Beginning of Stationary Phase)

sΚ

s

s μμ

dt

ds

dtdX

sX s

XY

/

Xμdt

Xd

dt

dX

dtdP

XP X

PY

/

sK

Xsμ

dt

Xd

s

sK

Xs

Y

μ

dt

sd

ssX

/

sK

XsY

dt

Pd

sXP

/

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EnvironmentalAlteration Studies

Microbial Growth KineticEnviromental Condition

Direct Effects Light Illumination (Energy Source) Temperature Essential nutrients content

Indirect Effects Gas inlet volumetric rate Gas inlet content Liquid circulation rate Non essential nutrients content

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Light Illumination Effect Oscillatoria agardhi Gomont

(Post AF, R de Witt, LC Mur, J. Plank. Res., 7 (1985) 487-495)

Temperature effect Modified Arhenius Model

RdH

RdS

a

T

RTE

e

TeA

1

/

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Temperature EffectClassification of Microorganism

Question Sheet

What is happen if microorganism is at 90oC? Why? In case of decreasing of temperature about 20oC from

optimum temperature, what is happen in case of microbial growth rate?

In case of ethanol production that was S. sake have ethanol tolerance around 10%, what do you do to make an whisky industry?

Why a shade microbe does not grew well in high light illumination and commonly have not high temperature resistance?

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Temperature EffectCellular Consideration

Psychrophile Obligate

Protococcus Agardh SS 100-3 Oscillatoria redekei Van Goor Oscillatoria sp. SS 100-5

Facultative Anabena cylindrica Lemmerman Oscillatoria Agardhi Gomont Nostoc commune Antartica

Mesophile Synechococcus leopoliensis Anabaena variabilis IAM M3 Microcystis Aeruginosa IAM M228

Thermophile Mastigocladus laminosus HTF Synechococcus lividus OH75S Synechcocus elongatus It 7S

Home Work

Why optimum specific growth rate values of psychrophile factually, lower than thermophile?

Why GC content of microbial DNA is important for classification of organism in terms of growth rate dependence on temperature?

What is DBI?

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Microbial Kinetic Studies

Non Elementer Reaction

Common reaction rate

N = integer Elementer

N = non integer Non Elementer

Non Elementer Example :

nskdt

ds

HBrBrH 222 22

22

3

212

'][

'

BrkHBr

HBrk

dt

Brd

COCHCHOCH 43 23

33 CHOCHkdt

CHOCHd

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Reaction Mechanism

22

1

1

2 ONNOk

k

2222 / OHON

022

dt

ONd

OHOHHk

2222 23

022

dt

OHd

OHNHNO 222 222

222222

2

OHNHONk

022232222 HOHkHONk 223

222 ON

k

kOH

2

22

21

212

2

2

21

122222

2

11 H

HNO

kk

kkH

H

NO

kk

kkHONk

dt

Nd

022222212

1 HONkONkNOk 2

2

21

122 1 H

NO

kk

kON

Question Sheet

What is mechanism path?

What definition of intermediate species?

What was become determining factor of reaction rate?

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Microbial GrowthEnzymatic Reaction/Kinetic consideration Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

Reaction mechanism

Kinetic equation

Substrate Actvation and Inhibition Reaction mechanism

Kinetic equation

Product Activation and Inhibition Reaction mechanism

Kinetic equation

sK

s

m

ESSEk

k

1

1

EPESk

2

ESSEk

k

1

1

2

2

2

ESSESk

k

EPESk

3

im KssK

s

/2

ESSEk

k

1

1

EPESk

2

ESPPESk

k

3

3

pKsK

Ks

ps

p

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

Reaction mechanism

Kinetic derivation

ESSEk

k

1

1

EPESk

2

ESEE 0

ESESkk

kES

kk

kES

ESkkESkES

ES

dtd

dtd

021

1

21

1

211

0

00 ES

m

dtd

dtd

KS

SP

kkk

S

SEkESkP

k

kkS

SEES

max

1

21

022

1

21

0