KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI) Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws 1 KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI) By : Solikin WS. [email protected]

9/17/2008Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG

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KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI)

� By : Solikin WS.

� [email protected]


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Diktat dpt di Unduh

� www.iqrosol.wordpress.com

W-Blog :

� www.solikinws.wordpress.com


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Tugas-1

� Kirim Identitas diri via email [email protected]

� Npm, nm, jur, almt, hp


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Tugas-2

� Kirim e-Card via email [email protected]

� Kartu Lebaran


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COMPONENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)

1. Hardware (H/W)

2. Software (S/W)

3. Brainware (B/W)

4. Databases

5. Telecommunication and The Internet


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COMPONENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT)

1. T-echnoware (H/W, S/W, Network)

2. I-nfoware (Data dan Informasi)

3. O-rganware (Prosedur & Organisasi)

4. H-umanware (User/Brainware)


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HARDWARE (H/W)

� What is a Computer System?

� The Evolution of Computer H/W

� Types of Computers

� The Microprocessor and Primary Storage

� Input/Output Devices


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What is a Computer System?

� Computer H/W is composed of the following components :

� CPU (Central Processing Unit)

� Input Device

� Output Device

� Primary Storage

� Secondary Storage and

� Communication Devices


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What is a Computer System?

CU ALU

PRIMARY STORAGE

INPUT

DEVICE

OUTPUT

DEVICE

SECONDARY

STORAGE

COMMUNICATI

ON DEVICE

bus bus

bus bus

ExternalNetwork

CPU


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The Framework of the Computer

� The INPUT DEVICES accept data and instructions and convert them to a form that the computer can understand

� The OUTPUT DEVICE present data in a form people can understand

� The PRIMARY STORAGE (internal storage) temporarily stores data and program instructions during processing

� The SECONDARY STORAGE (external) stores data and program for future use

� Finally, the COMMUNICATION DEVICE provide for the flow of data from external computer networks (e.g. internet, intranet) to the CPU and from CPU to computer network


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Kerangka Kerja Komputer

� Alat Masukan (INPUT DEVICES) merupakan alat untukmenerima data dan instruksi sekaligus mengkonversinya kedalam bentuk yang dapat dimengerti oleh komputer

� Alat Keluaran (OUTPUT DEVICE) merupakan alat untuk menampilkan data yang dapat dimengerti oleh user

� Alat Penyimpanan Utama (PRIMARY STORAGE / internal storage) merupakan alat untuk menyimpan data tapi bersifat sementara (temporary) dan instruksi program selama proses

� Alat Penyimpanan Sekunder (The SECONDARY STORAGE / external storage) merupakan alat untuk menyimpan data dan program secara permanen / tetap (fixed) yang dapat di akses di kemudian hari.

� Alat Komunikasi (the COMMUNICATION DEVICE) merupakan alat untuk mengalirkan data dari jaringan komputer eksternal (e.g. internet, intranet) ke CPU dan sebaliknya.


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Representing Data, Pictures, Time and Size in a Computer

1. Representing Data2. Representing Picture3. Representing Time and Size of Bytes


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1. Representing Data

� Binary Digit (bit) : 0 or 1 (“on” or “off”)� Bit represent specific characters : LETTERS, NUMBERS, and

SPECIAL SYMBOLS is known as a BYTE.� 1 byte = 8 bits or 28 = 256 unique character� Coding :

� ASCII (American National Standard code for Information Interchange)

� EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code), by IBM

� Table : EBCDIC and ASCII


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KODE YG MEWAKILI DATA

� Komputer Generasi-1 : 1 byte = 4 bit

Menggunakan Sistem Penkodean -> BCD

� Komputer Generasi-2 : 1 byte = 6 bit Menggunakan Sistem Penkodean -> SBCDIC

� Komputer Generasi Skr : 1 byte = 8 bit, 16, 32, 64,128 byte

Menggunakan Sistem Penkodean :-> EBCDIC, ASCII-7/8


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KODE YG MEWAKILI DATA

1. BCD

2. SBCDIC

3. EBCDIC

4. ASCII-7

5. ASCII-8


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KODE BCD

� BCD (Binary Code Decimal)

� BCD = Binary Code Decimal

� 1 byte = 4 bit, 24 kombinasi = 16 kombinasi kode

� dari kombinasi hy 10 yg dipake


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15

14

13

12

11

10

10019

00018

11107

01106

10105

00104

11003

01002

10001

00000

KODE BCDDESIMALKodeBCD


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KODE SBCDIC

� SBCDIC = Standard Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

� 1 byte = 6 bit, 26 kombinasi = 64 kombinasi kode

� 10 angka

� 26 huruf besar

� 28 simbol khusus


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� Kode SBCDIC di bagi 2 Zone

� Zone Alphabet (AB)

� Zone Numerik (8 4 2 1)

� Alphabet numeric

� A|B 8|4|2|1� AB

� 00 : angka (0-9)

� 11 : huruf (A-I)

� 10 : huruf (J-R)

� 01 : huruf (S-Z)


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KodeSBCDIC


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KODE EBCDIC

� EBCDIC = Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code

� 1 byte = 8 bit

� Kombinasi 28 = 256 kombinasi

� Di bagi dlm beberapa Zone yaitu sbb :

� High-Order Bits dan

� Low-Order Bits


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� Zone EBCDIC

� 1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8

� 1-4 : High-Order Bits (Zone Bits)

� 5-8 : Low-Order Bits (Numeric Bits)

� Ketentuan :

� Zone Bits 1,2 :� 11 : huruf besar (capital) dan numeric

� 10 : huruf kecil

� 01 : karakter khusus

� 00 : tdk ada karakter yg diwakili

� Zone Bits 3,4 :� 00 : A - I

� 01 : J – R

� 10 : S - Z

� 11 : numeric 0-9


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KODE EBCDIC


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Contoh

� Char BDC SBCDIC EBCDIC

� A - 110001 1100 0001

� 6 0110 000110 1111 0110


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ASCII Table


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Extended ASCII Codes


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2. Representing Picture

� Representing pictures by a GRID� The Computer measures the color (or light level) of each cell

of the grid.� The unit measurement of this is called a PIXEL� e.g. : pixel representation of the letter “A”

Pixel Diagram

0 0 1 0 0

0 1 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 1

1 1 1 1 1

1 0 0 0 1

Input Code


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3. Representing Time and Size of Bytes

Representing Time :� Millisecond = 1/1000 seconds� Microsecond = 1/1,000,000 seconds� Nanosecond = 1/1,000,000,000 seconds� Picosecond = 1/1,000,000,000,000 seconds

Size is measured by the number of bytes, common measures are: � Kilobyte (KB) = 1000 bytes (actually 1024)� Megabyte (MG)= 1000 kilobytes = 106 bytes� Gigabyte (GB) = 109 bytes� Terabyte (TB) = 1012 bytes


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The Evolution of Computer Hardware (2)

2000 picosecs800 picosecs500 nanosecs10 microsecs100 millisecsCyle Times

64 MB16 MB4 MB64 KB2 KBPrimary Storage

ULSILSI and VLSIICTransistorVacuum tubesCircuitry

4th (1988)4th(early)3rd2nd1stFeature

Generation

Turban,IT For Management, 2nd, 199,699

IC = Integrated CircuitSLI = Small Scale IntegrationMSI = Medium Scale IntegrationLSI = Large Scale IntegrationVLSI= Very Large Scale IntegrationULSI = Ultra Large Scale Integration


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The Evolution of Computer Hardware(3)


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� Fifth-Generation Computers� First generatioan : based on Von Neumann

Architecture -> processed information sequentially, one instruction a time.

� Fifth-Generation : uses massively parallel processing -> process multiple instructions simultaneously (trillion point operations per second-a teraflop).

� Afloating point operation (flop) is a basic computer arithmetic operation (addition, substraction, include decimal point)


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� Future-Generation Computers� Two major innovations are in experimental

stages:� DNA Computres : process in parallel and are

potentially twice as fast as today’s fastest supercomputers. DNA Computers have storage densities of one bit second per cubic nanometer, a trillion times less space.

� Optical Computers : uses “optoelectronic”, process information several hundred times faster than current computers.


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� Types of Computers� Supercomputers� Mainframes� Minicomputers� Workstation� Microcomputers

� Desktop personal computer (laptop computers, notebooks)� Palmtop computers� PDA (Personal Digital Assistant)� Smart Cards

� Network Computer and Terminals� Network Computers

� Windows-Based Terminals(WBTS

Documents

KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI) Handout-PTI-STMIK-ABG by.sws 1 KONSEP TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (KTI) By : Solikin WS. [email protected]