KPDS ORG Tum Gramer Kelime Sorulari

8/3/2019 KPDS ORG Tum Gramer Kelime Sorulari

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/kpds-org-tum-gramer-kelime-sorulari 1/61

EĞİTİM VE YAYINCILIK HİZMETLERİ

AKIN YAYINCILIK VE İNTERNET HİZMETLERİ

WWW.KPDS.ORG

Selanik 1 Caddesi No:3/9 KIZILAY-ANKARA

KPDS’DE ÇIKMIŞ

KELİME-GRAMERSORULARI

1997 - 20071997 - 2007

KPDS.ORGKPDS.ORG

WWW.KPDS.ORG



WWW.KPDS.ORG KPDS’DE ÇIKMIŞ KELİMEGRAMER SORULARI

KPDS 1997 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

KELİME-GRAMER SORULARI

1. He devised an .......................... schemewhereby the rate of unemployment in thecountry could be brought down sharply.

A) unstable B) untamed

C) illegible D) ingenious

E) irrelevant

2. They set up a liaison office in East Africamarketing their goods but now they wish.......................... so.

A) had not done B)never do

C) have not done D) would not do

E) would not have done

3. I was greatly impressed by the way the judge conducted the trial when it came tosumming up the case.

A) respectively B) effectively

C) sufficiently D) completely

E) particularly

4. The very idea of establishing a literary"canon" has become ..........................controversial that the people running theUbrary of America have wisely avoidedusing the term.

A) as B) more

C) such D) so

E) too

5. Had they apologized for deliberatelyovercharging me, I....................a complaintwith the Consumers’ Right Office.

A) was not filing

B) would not have filed

C) will not have filed

D) may not file

E) may not have filed

6. In recent decades, the efficiency of theUnited Nations..................by a growingnumber of countries.

A) will have been questioned

B) would be questioned

C) has been questioned

D) had been questioned

E) was questioned

7. As far as we are concerned, the evidenceput before the court was not....enough toconvict the man.

A) adamant B) subsequent

C) earnest D) consecutive

E) conclusive

8. When the rate of exchange began to riseagain, he felt .......................... to call ameeting of the financial staff.

A) rewarded B) obliged

C) blamed D) consumed

E) omitted

9. They haven’t met twelve years or more, butI understand they still writeto.........................at regular intervals.

A) each other B) one another

C) themselves D) the others

E) the other

10. We....................no problems whatsoever withthe dam since it.....forty years ago.

A) had / has been constructed

B) were having / was being constructed

C) have had / was constructed

D) had had / had been constructed

E) are having / is constructed




11. The recent economic figures.......................... that the country is slowlycoming out of the crisis.

A) invoke B) commit

C) imply D) incur

E) evolve

12. I was forced to admit that there was a dropin sales towards the end of the year .......................... he had predicted.

A) even so B) just as

C) in case D) so far as

E) such as

13. It was .......................... his efforts that thetwo sides finally agreed to hold talks.......................... the principles of economicco-operation.

A) with / at B) by / through

C) over / for D) through / on

E) without / from

14. Many more people would doubtless haveattended the debate .........................they had

known in advance who the principalspeakers were.

A) after B) until

C) only if D) since

E) while

15. When the relief workers reached the sceneof the disaster, they immediately began tohelp .......................... who could do nothingfor .......................... .

A) them / their

B) that / himself

C) these / ourselves

D) us / yourself

E) those / themselves

16. Under these circumstances he shouldnever have been allowed to take charge of the operation .......................... he was themost senior of the officers available.

A) why ever

B) whether

C) so that

D) even though

E) whenever

17. As a result of the continuing economicrecession, a huge .......................... in thebudget seems inevitable.

A) deficit

B) improvement

C) distinction

D) redundancy

E) profit

18. It was foolish of me to turn down such anoffer; in fact .......................... I think about it,.......................... regret it.

A) the most / so much

B) the more / as much

C) the more / the more

D) much / as much

E) as much / so much more

19. At the board meeting, his suggestion was.......................... as it seemed politicallycontroversial.

A) burst into

B) fallen out

C) cast aside

D) put out

E) held in

20. It seems likely that by the end of the week,the costs involved in the construction of the bridge..............by the Ministry.

A) would have been announced

B) have been announced

C) would be announced

D) are being announced

E) will have been announced




21. If our delegates hadn't shown themselveswilling to come to terms, those fromcountries .......................... .

A) had not, either

B) have had, too

C) wouldn't have, either

D) would have, too

E) would be to

22. Why can’t you admitthat,...............................hard be works he willnever manage to achieve what his elder brother has achieved?

A) whenever

B) however

C) unless

D) though

E) whatsoever

23. The scheme has been..........................consideration for a long time now, but Idoubt whether it will ever be put.......................... effect.

A) in / off

B) under / into

C) within / through

D) for / to

E) over / over

24. As soon as the leak in the boiler wasnoticed, one of the engineers wasnaturally...................

A) turned up

B) sent of

C) made out

D) run down

E) taken after

25. .......................you get magnificent views of the oak covered slopes of these coastalmountain ranges that rise up from thePacific.

A) If only the new road had been opened,

B) As they headed for San Francisco,

C) However unfairly the state of the roads wasinto constructing the road,

D) Even though a great deal of money wentinto constructing the road,

E) As you drive along the coast road,

26. Dramatic cultural changes have beentaking place in the UnitedStates........................

A) ever since non-European immigrantsbegan to pour into the country.

B) until new regulations concerningimmigrants were introduced.

C) which started at the turn of country.

D) some of which would have been regardedas harmful.

E) as soon as World War II ended

27. One of the best suggestions was putforward by Dr. Johnson,.................

A) that the managing director was especiallyimpressed

B) who is generally the quietest member of the board

C) though the financial demands might bedifficult to meet

D) unless it was approved by the committee

E) before anyone else has time to make anycontribution to the discussion

28. Darwin’s theory of evolution was based onthe observation.....................

A) while amassing evidence for 25 years insupport of it

B) why many people of his own age werereluctant to admit it

C) whether his insight was really revolutionary

D) that all individuals of the same species arenot identical

E) since the multiplicity of the unique formsemerged




29. Although the effects of the famine havebeen made worse by the political instabilityin the country,............

A) the West would have shown its sympathyin a most generous manner

B) it was beyond the power of anygovernment to undertake the responsibility

C) a fair distribution of the available food willhave been achieved.

D) so one disaster was naturally followed byanother

E) food is now being distributed wherever it isneeded

30. ......................., but it is not the only one.

A) Newspaper prices have risen dramaticallyin recent years

B) Most diseases are caused by germs andbad hygiene

C) Technological competition is a seriousproblem for the book industry

D) The printing press was invented by JohanGutenberg in Mainz, Germany in 15thcentury

E) The judge rebuked the witnesses for their disrespectful behavior during the trail

31. ............that they will be made redundantonce the has been computerized.

A) They called off the strike

B) The board of directors discussed the matter fully

C) The management adopted new marketingpolicies

D) The prospect for the company looks rather gloomy

E) Most of the staff are certain

32. If your boss asked you to take an extrawork without more pay,.......?

A) have you discussed the matter with him

B) would you agree to do so

C) why do you think he may have suggestedthis

D) what was the reaction of our colleagues

E) will you resign at once




KPDS 1997 KASIM DÖNEMİ


1. The............................was not a happy one atthe time, but looking back on it I supposeI’m glad it occurred.

A) improvement

B) regression

C) encounter

D) intention

E) compromise

2. A major dispute in the development of space programs has been the

proper....................of piloted and unpilotedexploration.

A) balance

B) demonstration

C) responsibility

D) interest

E) solidarity

3. Questions of race, ethnicity, and religionhave been a .......................... source of conflict in American education.

A) previous

B) perennial

C) vulnerable

D) naughty

E) casual

4. The United States has long prided itself onbeing a melting pot of culturally.......................... peoples.

A) diverseB) redundant

C) incoherent

D) entire

E) substantial

5. The contemporary world economy differs

.......................... from what the traditionaleconomic theorists of the 1930s envisaged.

A) primarily

B) likely

C) conversely

D) profoundly

E) intimately

6. In recent years, ..........................complexand persistent problems in economic andsocial fields have led people to wonder why

once comfortable answers no longer seemadequate to today’s questions.

A) generously

B) inadvertently

C) increasingly

D) ingeniously

E) leisurely

7. Since the 1950s modern dance in Europeand America has ......................... a vigorous

process of creativity.

A) cast

B) explored

C) constituted

D) relaxed

E) followed

8. The assassination of Signor Aldo Moro, fivetimes Prime Minister of İtaly, by terrorists inMay 1978 was..................by everyone as an

act of barbarism.

A)applauded

B) appealed

C) reiterated

D) condemned

E) restrained




9. There............................many efforts toeradicate racism, but very littlesuccess................

A) were / has been achieved

B) have been / would have been achieved

C) have been / has been achieved

D) are / was achieved

E) may be / will have been achieved

10. He....................................his paper by sayingthat the entire history of the humanrace.....................by transfers of cultural andtechnological advance from one civilizationto another.

A) concluded / had been markedB) concludes / would have been marked

C) has concluded / was marked

D) had concluded / is marked

E) will conclude / was being marked

11. Evaporation............................the process bywhich a solid or liquid.......................intovapour by heat.

A) had been / resolved

B) was / had resolved

C) has been / was resolved

D) may be / has resolved

E) is / is resolved

12. The Etruscans, who .......................... a greatpart of Italy about 900 B.C. ..........................from Asia Minor.

A) had colonized / originally came

B) colonized / had originally come

C) were colonized / have originally come

D) have colonized / originally come

E) were colonizing / night originally come

13. The orders were that we .......................... thearea within hours to prevent further loss of life.

A) had evacuated

B) have to evacuate

C) will have evacuated

D) shall have to evacuate

E) had to evacuate

14. Economic recession and risingunemployment, coupled ..........................continued increases .......................... retailfood prices, have curtailed consumption.

A) with / in

B) through / through

C) by / for

D) at / about

E) within / over

15. In Ethiopia, primitive farming practices anduncontrolled clearing of natural vegetationhave transformed much of the country'shighlands .......................... bare landscapes,all but destroyed .......................... erosion.

A) above / of

B) for / with

C) into / y

D) in / under

E) to / at

16. The advance in the steel industry has beenmarked .......................... a progressiveincrease .......................... size, complexityand capital outlay.

A) at / of

B) with / to

C) over / from

D) by / in

E) under / through

17. The answer to the question ..........................great art can exits independently of religionwill, .........................., depend on society'smoral and aesthetic values.

A) what / in the same way

B) even if / in due course

C) whether / to a large extent

D) so that / in short

E) since / now and again




18. Thailand has lost half of its forests.......................... its population has.......................... doubled in recent decades.

A) as / more than

B) just as / mostly

C) so as / soon

D) in case / quite

E) because of / much

19. Clifford Goertz, probably ..........................famous anthropologist in the world todayhas revolutionized the way anthropology istaught on composes.

A) more

B) most

C) the most

D) the more

E) a more

20. Holding a yellow umbrella in his hand hesaid he didn't know .......................... it wasand added that it was not .......................... .

A) which / him

B) whose / his

C) who / her

D) whom / us

E) that / theirs

21. The Deputy Prime Minister announcedtoday that it was ..................... early topropose amendments in the legislationconcerning industrial relations.

A) as well as

B) just so

C) just as

D) as soon as

E) as yet too

22. Activists are those in a political movementwho insist on taking active steps towardstheir objectives .......................... merelyputting forward an action programme.

A) in order to

B) rather than

C) as far as

D) in that

E) so long as

23. He is diplomatically qualified.......................... to negotiate for a mutualreduction of the armed forces in the region.

A) enough

B) though

C) as well as

D) not only

E) also

24. As he was not satisfied with the contents of the document, he declined to sign it, andnone of the members attempted topersuade him to .......................... .

A) also

B) too

C) as well

D) either

E) yet






1. If we are serious about suppressingterrorism, we shall have to stronger

measures than those currently in practice.

A) require

B) revise

C) adopt

D) abduct

E) suspend

2. When an unknown but gifted artist is finallyrecognized, his paintings can becomevaluable .......................... in the future.

A) rates

B) accounts

C) sales

D) interests

E) assets

3. It’s.................................ten years since AIDScaught the world’s attention.

A) formidably

B) generously

C) pertinently

D) roughly

E) inevitably

4. The new ceramics, which have little incommon with the chinaware we use in our kitchens everyday, are being used.......................... in engines and electronics.

A) depressingly

B) seemingly

C) increasingly

D) discouragingly

E) obligingly

5. I am horrified at the turn things have takenand am convinced that he is ..........................of much better treatment than that which heis receiving.

A) rebutting

B) deserving

C) deafeningly

D) safeguarding

E) indulging

6. Progress in materials research is.......................... to overcoming suchproblems as the finites of the world'sresources and possible shortages of strategic materials.

A) crucial

B) inexpensive

C) adamant

D) subversive

E) subsequent

7. Despite the gusty wind they were able toput out the fire before it .......................... .

A) fell of

B) was taken into account

C) was held out

D) got out of hand

E) broke up

8. This paper discusses why some people andorganizations get too much e-mail, and howthey can..................this informationoverload problem.

A) run throughB) cope with

C) put out

D) take down

E) look over




9. Of all the policies put into effect by theThatcher governments .........................controversial was the economic one.

A) most

B) the more

C) the most

D) more

E) mostly

10. If the others hadn't voted in favour of theyounger candidate, I probably wouldn'thave done so .......................... .

A) even

B) too

C) also

D) as well

E) either

11. Today the expansion of knowledge inastronomy, physics, chemistry, and biologyis .......................... vast and complex, andmultiplying .......................... quickly to bemastered fully.

A) so / that

B) just as / as

C) as well / as

D) so / so

E) too / too

12. Scientists rely on computers to modelphenomena .......................... would..........................be difficult to observe.

A) whereby / in case

B) such as / nonetheless

C) which / nevertheless

D) that / otherwise

E) so that / in fact

13. The lawyer decided to call ..........................of the witnesses only and paid no attentionto .......................... .

A) both / others

B) the two / any other

C) two / the others

D) some / another

E) any / some others

14. Each of the several expert that wereworking on the project came up with someinteresting proposals, andnaturally,..................................claimedthat.....................was the best

A) many / each

B) some / its

C) we / it

D) all / he

E) each / his

15. We were prevented ..........................completing the project .......................... timedue to unforeseen circumstances.

A) from / onB) in / by

C) by / in

D) at / over

E) for / about

16. The Hollywood studio system in film-making, which began .......................... 1920and flourished from the early 1930s isunique in Western culture.

A) throughout / into

B) around / through

C) by / until

D) within / over

E) along / till

17. .......................... the embargo imposed on usis lifted in the near future, we can't hope for any economic recovery.

A) Whereas

B) While

C) BecauseD) In case

E) Unless




18. .......................... proving useful in manyscientific fields, computer generatedknowledge, .......................... Professor Hayes acknowledges, is not withoutpitfalls.

A) Although / because

B) Since / while

C) While / as

D) As long as / even if

E) Once / whether or not

19. .......................... suggestions he may makeas regards the tax rate, let's not give anyresponse .......................... we've discussedthe matter thoroughly together.

A) However / whenB) Whatever / until

C) Why ever / after

D) Whatsoever / while

E) Whenever / before

20. Most newspapers are of the opinion that if a majority of Scots really ..........................independence, the British Parliament hasno option but .......................... to their wishes.

A) did want / had accededB) wanted / have acceded

C) had wanted / would have acceded

D) do want / to accede

E) would have wanted / acceded

21. For a hundred years or so some critics.......................... that poetry is dying, and allthat time poets .......................... poems thatlater generations recognize as great.

A) have maintained / have been writing

B) maintained / wrote

C) had maintained / were writing

D) maintain / are writing

E) would maintain / had been writing

22. What I......................is thatwe..........................to think seriously about athorough reform in the legal system.

A) have proposed/should have begun

B) had proposed/were beginning

C) am proposing/begin

D) was proposing/have begun

E) proposed/had begun

23. When the Italian astronomer GiovanniSchiaparelli .......................... a map of Marsin 1877, he .......................... a large number of straight linear features, which he called"canali", that is, channels.

A) publishes / has notedB) had published / was noting

C) has published / notes

D) published / noted

E) would have published / had noted

24. If we .......................... the terms of thecontract, all the paint-work in the building.......................... finished by the 15th of nextmonth.

A) are to meet / will have to beB) were meeting / will be

C) met / would have had to be

D) had met / is being

E) will leek / was being






1. I don't know how we are going to.......................... to expected surge of immigrants into the country.

A) take down

B) put out cope with

C) cope with

D) look over

E) run through

2. As the decade ........................ to wind down,

Mark Morris ............................. as our century’s youngest great choreographer.

A) begins/stands

B) was beginning/has stood

C) is beginning/has been standing

D) has begun/had stood

E) will begin/is standing

3. From the report relecsed today, it appearsthat oil tankers suffer their major ..................... on their return journeys.

A) drills

B) repairs

C) crews

D) spills

E) costs

4. Because of their high toxic contents, noneof these chemicals can ..............................be permitted for export to any country.

A) notoriously

B) equivocally

C) fruitfully

D) adequately

E) presently

5. Asthma is a common...................................... in which the airwayslining the lung inflamed.

A) patient

B) recovery

C) diagnosis

D) disease

E) fury

6. When the chairman tried to explain hisviews to the shareholders at the........................... general meeting, he wasshouted down by them with cries of ‘Resign’.

A) ultimate

B) reurrent

C) annual

D) minimal

E) essential

7. The Jewish immigrants, who................................ the boat in England,formed the bulk of the ethnic groupsarriving in a country historically wary of foreigners.

A) made up

B) turned us

C) showed off

D) took after

E) got off

8. People curious to get some idea of what itis like to be black in a country ......................by whites need no further than DennisWilliam’s new novel ‘Crossover.’

A) run

B) perpetrated

C) deemed

D) tempted

E) undermined




9. Of the many attempts that............................... to regulate language oneway or another very few ............

A) could have been made/well succeed

B) are made/succeeded

C) are being made/may have succeeded

D) were made/had succeeded

E) have been made/have succeeded

10. It is plain that the United Nations will not liftthe sanctions unless the Iraqi governmentfully .................. with the Security Councilresolutions.

A) resumes

B) complies

C) accomplishes

D) matches

E) elaborates

11. An acorn, left itself becomes an oak, and ageneticist ........................... its DNA to makeit grow into an elm may justly be said...................... with its natural course.

A) altering / to have interfered

B) having altered / to interfere

C) to alter / having interfered

D) being altered / interferedE) to have altered / to be interfering

12. In the past few, our company director .............................. more mettle than mostindustrialists ............................... in an entirecareer.

A) had shown / have done

B) showed / would do

C) shows / did

D) was showing / may have doneE) has shown / do

13. If they .......................... what sort of a personhe was, they ........................................ himtheir support.

A) would know / didn’t give

B) knew / won’t give

C) had known / wouldn’t have given

D) would have known / hadn’t given

E) have known / haven’t given

14. I don’t imagine he ............................. wrotethe speech, but ....................... did socertainly made a good job of it.

A) for them / whomever

B) of his / somebody

C) by him / they

D) himself / whoever

E) themselves / whichever

15. As ..................................... of our employeescan afford of ......................... own, they allhave to rely on public transport.

A) few / them

B) some / his

C) none / their

D) most / our

E) many / its

16. There are situations .....................................the best way to heal the patient is to helphim die peacefully.

A) from where

B) in that

C) where

D) for whom

E) in which

17. He is certainly going to recommend that thechanges in the structure of the company beintroduced step by step and ........................

A) so I am

B) so am I

C) so do I

D) I do, too

E) I also do

18. Do you really believe that the partyprogramme, ................................ it nowstands, is democratic ................................ toinfluence the vote in our favour.

A) as / enough

B) since / also

C) where / as well

D) such as / too

E) that / even




19. Private investments play ............................important a part in the country’s long-running economic expansion............................ no goverment dares toincrease taxation on personal savings.

A) too / that

B) such / as

C) much / so

D) so / that

E) as / as

20. His proposal...................................the newsocial security policy seems more viablethan any of the others.

A) by way of B) due to

C) owing to

D) in case of

E) as regard

21. ............................ the recent rise inunemployment largely affects EasternGermany, there is considerable unrest inWestern German, too.

A) SinceB) İn case

C) Although

D) Unless

E) Until

22. ....................... he was campaigning for re-election last year, he promised that.......................... re-elected he wouldundertake to restructure the party.

A) Where / lest

B) Because / while

C) As / since

D) While / unless

E) When / if

23. ......................... the terms of the forthcomingtrade agreement, Japan wins parity.................. the United States.

A) Through / above

B) By / of

C) From / from

D) Under / with

E) After / over

24. We have yet to take ...............................onsideration the problem of how largefuture national armies should eventuallybe, regardiess ................................. heir current size.

A) onto / atB) in / in

C) for / with

D under / from

E) into / of






1. The collapse of Rome left ........................ itswake a large variety of the ethniccommunities ............................. whichmodern European states emerged.

A) before / of

B) at / through

C) over / by

D) in / from

E) within / with

2. They claim that their aim is to establishlong-term cooperation .......................... their customers, ......................... a basis of partner ship and mutual trust.

A) for / over

B) with / on

C) by / through

D) from / in

E) among / for

3. Germany’s power in the Europen Union isknown, .....................What is not known,even to German’s themselves,is.............................they are to use it.

A) but / how

B) in case / because

C) unless / why

D) lest / until

E) otherwise / where

4. Edward Gibbon’s great book “The Historyof the Decline and Fall of Roman Empire”informs us ................... mankind’sprediction for faction augmented byenvironmental and cultural differences is............................... determines history.

A) why / that

B) as / whereby

C) that / what

D) whoever

E) whichever

5. It won’t be easy to find a replacement for him, for............................. takes over is likelyto meet the same face.

A) what

B) which

C) wherever

D) whoever

E) whichever

6. The majority of ...................... areapprehensive about new computer programmes until we have actually triedthem out for .................

A) him / herself

B) us / ourselves

C) them

D) ours / us

E) theirs / ours

7. Marxism ............................. an importantmovement in Britain even though it........................ its origin here.

A) would ever have been / takes

B) had ever been / would take

C) never was / has taken

D) would never be / would have taken

E) has never been / took

8. The history of the Venetianrepublic.........................to an end in 1797when Venice.................over to Austrea byNapoleon.

A) was coming / would have been handed.

B) had come / has been handed

C) comes / had been handed

D) came / was handed

E) would come / was being handed




9. More than half of the 850 asylum seekerscurrently detained inBritain.........................in prison with no rightof appeal, even though the vastmajority.....................with any offence, letalone convinced.

A) were held / are not charged

B) are being held / have not been charged

C) have been held / would not be charged

D) being held / had not been charged

E) will be held / were not being charged

10. Over the past two decades, the Corsicans.......................... seen their idyllic island,which was wrested by France fromGenoese in 1768 .................................. into

terrorism, corruption and economicdecline.

A) have been / sank

B) had been / sank

C) saw / to sink

D) would have been / had sunk

E) would see / had been sinking

11. For observers of international politics,March 1998 ................................ as a month

when the world’s superpower relations.................................. a hopeful new turn.

A) will be remembered / may have taken

B) had been remembered / would have taken

C) may be remembered / took

D) has been remembered / would take

E) would be remembered / will have taken

12. Apparently, the talks held between the twogovernments concerning the prevention of

drug- trafficking have not beenconstructive .................................. toproduce any positive results.

A) just

B) as well

C) also

D) enough

E) so that

13. As far as I remember, it was in China thatthey first met and interested in the damproject .........................?

A) don’t

B) wasn’t it

C) do I

D) was it

E) did they

14. The East European countries are stronglyconvinced that European economic aid,....................... welcome, is not substitute for market access and eventual membership of the European Union.

A) just asB) lest

C) since

D) when

E) though

15. One gathers from the press that a largemajority of the people are not in favour of the impeachment proceedings, and,frankly, I’m not, ...........................

A) Either B) too

C) also

D) as well

E) even so

16. The fundamental problems for North Africais that the region has ...............................people ....................... the arid environmentcan support.

A) not only / but also

B) so many / that

C) such / as

D) more / than

E) as much / as




17. Carnegie Endowment for InternationalPeace seeks an individual launch aresearch project on the informationrevolution and its ............................. oninternational affairs.

A) impactB) involment

C) reference

D) linkage

E) comparison

18. Unlike Europe’s stone castles andcathedrals, America’s historical buildingsare often wood formed and so subject to.............................. from moisture andinsects.

A) rebuke

B) deficiency

C) damage

D) obsession

E) frustration

19. Physically speaking, the Pacific basinincludes not only all those countriesbordering on the Pacific coast but also thePacific island nations ................................across the ocean.

A) adopted

B) based

C) gifted

D) scattered

E) expended

20. Nearly half of the world’s countries have.................................. capital punishment inlaw or practice, and some two-dozen of them have done so formally since 1985.

A) accused

B) abolished

C) executed

D) entailed

E) frustrated

21. Since most of the world’s commercialapples lack genetic diversity, they areunable ...................... a disease or a pest.

A) put away

B) hold up

C) fight off

D) get off

E) break out

22. The atmosphere................................the earthas if it were a huge roof.

A) breaks up

B) makes for

C) hangs over

D) puts off E) runs over

23. The objective of this project is to increasethe dept of awareness and understandingin the world, about the causes and theconsequences of the HIV epidemic through................................. polices and programs.

A) innovative

B) decadent

C) meager

D) ambiguous

E) poignant

24. Launched as the new regularity for thecountry’s banking and insurance sector,the National Financel Services Managementwill extend its activities so as.................................. to cover more than 40% of the national economy.

A) exceptionally

B) ultimately

C) inherently

D) fluently

E) apparently






1. The telephone is at the center of innovativetechonologies ............................. may alter forever ...................... in receive and useinformation.

A) which / but

B) so that / since

C) that / how

D) as / although

E) whereas / in case

2. The editor thought that the new series of articles would prove very popular, butactually hardly ............................... seems tohave been impressed by it.

A) nobody

B) anyone

C) the other

D) any other

E) somebody

3. Originally, the sonnet was an Italianpoetical form which attained greatpopularity in Renaissance, and............................... it was natural,.................................... not essential, for Shakespeare and his contemporaries touse it.

A) hence / if

B) while / though

C) since / however

D) furthermore / rather than

E) already / even

4. The report presents a general overview of the problems that ............................. when adisaster ................................. a nation.

A) would have been encountered / hit

B) are encountered / will hit

C) have been encountered / had it

D) had been encountered / was being hit

E) will be encountered / hits

5. The book of A Thousand and One Nights isa collection of fascinating tales of theOrient, of mixed Indian, Persion, Arabic andEgyptian origination, and first................................ In Europe by AntoineGalland’s French translation in the earlyeighteenth century.

A) having known

B) to know

C) to be known

D) made known

E) to be made known

6. There have been some art critics who.............................. in depreciation of VanGogh that he ......................... a draughtsmanall his life.

A) had maintained / has remained

B) have maintained / remained

C) were maintaining / had remained

D) maintained / would have remained

E) will remain / maintains

7. The Romanian Privatisation Authorityannounced last week that Renault of France .................................. to be solebidder for a majority stake in the nationalcar company, Dacia, which ........................cheap cars for the domestic market.

A) would turn out / had made

B) has turned out / made

C) would have turned out / is making

D) is turning out / has made

E) might turn out / makes

8. At the Brussels meeting over the lastweekend Madeleine Albright, the AmericanSecretary of state,

............................................ her allies thatfuture NATO missions ...................................them further a field, but not all over theworld.

A) assures / is taking

B) has assured / will have taken

C) assured / would take

D) had assured / took

E) was assuring / will take




9. Fish farming in the world seems to bedestined to expand, but it is................................. early to predict thelikely extent growth in of this field.

A)as well

B) enough

C) too

D) as

E) so far

10. We are confident that the management andthe work force will get on well together solong as ...................... respects.............................

A) the other / another

B) both / itself C) the one / another

D) everyone / themselves

E) each / the other

11. The term “aboriçines” signifies the oriçinalinhabitants of any country, ............................the native tribes of Australia.

A) with regard to

B) due to

C) in spite of

D) in particular

E) according to

12. Although the American writer KatherineAnne Porter used a variety of places........................ the setting of her shortstories and novels, she freqiently came............................. to the scenes of her earlyyears.

A) through / over

B) within / in

C) for / back

D) without / for

E) under / up

13. British television is still stuck................................ a regulatory structuredesigned ..................... a by gone age.

A) off / within

B) up / in

C) away / by

D) through / over

E) with / for

14. In their discussions concerning theproposed defence, NATO diplomats foundthey could not agree ....................what thealliance was.............................., whatweapons it would threaten to use and inwhat circumstances.

A) on / for

B) about / into

C) with / over

D) by / about

E) before / through

15. Today the United States, still by far ............................ properous country in theworld, is increasing its working hours.............................. creating a more positivebalance between work and leisure time.

A) the more / as well

B) most / in spite of

C) more / than

D) the most / instead of

E) the / just as

16. In developing new collective defencepolicies, America and her European allieswill .................... be drawn closer together ............................... drift irreversibly apart.

A) either / or B) not only / but also

C) so / that

D) both / and

E) just as / so




17. She’s the oldest person in the village, 92years old to be precise, and has a...................... word of advice for everyone.

A) fanciful

B) faithful

C) credible

D) futile

E) kindly

18. Our challange is to..........................our clients with the best possible advice andsupport, enabling them to take the rightdecision at both strategic and operationallevel.

A) expandB) consult

C) improve

D) provide

E) respect

19. It is a book rich in ideas and beautly, abook that.........................and tries to answer fundamental questions and demands themost active reading one is capable of.

A) raisesB) attains

C) casts

D) alludes

E) accomplishes

20. Before the meeting begins, it would beadvisable to remind him that he is not onany account to .............................. thesubject of unemployment insurance.

A) look through

B) decline

C) take back

D) break out

E) make out

21. The 1990s have seen a general.................................. in aid to poor countries, largely because of fiscalpressures in many rich countries.

A) consumption

B) decline

C) contingency

D) conviction

E) expenditure

22. The whole business of having meals atfixed ............................. is nothing but asocial convention and, in modern life, amatter of convenience.

A) approachesB) substances

C) intervals

D) requirements

E) proportions

23. Space recearch is largely a branch of purescience, independent of any applicationswhich .................. from it.

A) enforce

B) insure

C) reduce

D) restore

E) stem

24. The current social security systemis...........................popular, partly because itis universal partly because retirementbenefits are related to contributions, somost people think the system is fair.

A) extremely

B) likely

C) eventually

D) indispensably

E) favourably






1. The river Danube rises in Germany and _____ through central Europe and into theBlack Sea.

A) cruises

B) spreads

C) flows

D) conducts

E) covers

2. Anti-lock brakes ABS helps you to maintainsteering control of your car even while

breaking on.............................roads.

A) lonesome

B) fast

C) reckless

D) slippery

E) stagnant

3. ................................populated ruralNorthumberland is one of the mostunspoiled countries in England.

A) Sparsely

B) Nearly

C) Primarily

D) duration

E) Efficiently

4. Today a very wide spectrum of biologicalscientists are needed, both to develop thebiotechnology of the next millennium and toensure the _____ of life on our planet.

A) explanation

B) process

C) exhaustion

D) duration

E) conservation

5. A hundred years ago the chestnut _____ aquarter of the hardwood trees in America.

A) turned downB) got through

C) made up

D) made out

E) put down

6. Evidence of racial bias in sentencing,helped to convince certain States inAmerica to _____ capital. punishment in thelate 1960s and early 1970s.

A) keep down

B) rule against

C) put out

D) point out

E) break through

7. Natural disasters have been defined asecological disruptions exceeding theadjustment capacity of a community and _____ outside assistance.

A) stepping up

B) putting up with

C) look lafter

D) calling for

E) dealing with

8. It is hard for a tiger, especially aninexperienced one, to _____ how to attackan animal that is facing it.

A) figure out

B) keep away

C) rule out

D) fall back

E) run over




9. With the help of satellite images, theIndonesian government _____ that it is thetimber companies which _____ the massdestruction of their rainforests.

A) will show / would have caused

B) would have shown / had caused

C) had shown / were causing

D) shows / had been causing

E) has shown / are causing

10. By the late 1980s, a surge of prosperity _____ across southeast Asia, but in somecountries of the region the economicstructure _____ sufficiently to benefit fromthis trend.

A) would sweep / could not have developed

B) would have swept / has not developed

C) was sweeping / had not developed

D) has swept / was not developed

E) could have swept / was not developing

11. The ridicule that _____ upon him by leadingscientists of the day _____ to the novelty of his thinking.

A) is being heaped / would testify

B) has been heaped / testifiedC) had heaped / has testified

D) was heaping / had testified

E) was heaped / testifies

12. When I _____ as a fully licensed geneticistin 1961, I thought I knew everything therewas _____ about genetics.

A) had been graduated / to be known

B) graduated / to know

C) was graduated / to have knownD) have been graduated / known

E) have graduated / to have been known

13. He _____ that the forests _____ to their natural inhabitants, that is, to all varietiesof living beings.

A) suggests / be returned

B) suggested / to be returned

C) has suggested / to have been returned

D) had suggested / are being returnedE) would have suggested / return

14. Perhaps these people are _____ ignorant torealise _____ serious a threat thesefertilizers are to their health.

A) more / than

B) so / why

C) as much / as

D) too / just how

E) not only / but also

15. I would have thought that only _____ naiveworker could be deceived by _____assurances.

A) the more / neither

B) a most / each

C) the most / such

D) a much / any

E) most / same

16. The motive was _____ aesthetic and social _____ they sought to bring good designwithin the reach of the ordinary man.

A) so / in that

B) both / because

C) just as / that

D) as much / as

E) rather / therefore

17. The crisis is purticularly serious _____ awhole series of related issues ranging fromunemployment to health benefits areinvolved.

A) besides

B) as well as

C) in order that

D) as for

E) since

18. He felt that soil drainage should be kept toa minimum; _____ much of the rainfallcould be retained _____ soil moisture.

A) so that / as

B) even though / such as

C) whereas / like

D) whereby / so

E) whether / or




19. If we are to prevent the flow of toxicmaterials into the water reservoirs of thecountry there is no other possible schemeavailable, ________?

A) are there

B) aren’t we

C) is there

D) isn’t there

E) are we

20. It looks _____ the hiring committee isn’timpressed by his qualifications, and I don’tthink the manager of the company is _____?

A) like / also

B) as if / either C) so that / as well

D) though / too

E) just as / nor

21. He said I was submitting my applicationform rather late. But now I find _____ havestill not submitted _____

A) most / their

B) none / any

C) many / it

D) others / theirs

E) a few / those

22. In order to understand the implications of research _____ brain development one hasto make a systematic study _____ whatchildren know.

A) on / into

B) for / by

C) through / beyondD) over / at

E) after / about

23. The arrival of the Europeans in Americadislocated traditional ways of life andaltered the world _____ recognition.

A) for

B) beyond

C) at

D) under E) from

24. I sent an e–mail to everyone in thedepartment, asking for articles for thisspecial issue, but _____ there has been noresponse.

A) so long

B) on time

C) until then

D) even later

E) so far






1. David Dickson’s new play is a fairy–taleromance, _____ a pregnant womansearches for the father of her child during atorrential rainstorm.

A) who

B) by whom

C) that

D) in which

E) whose

2. The true ecologist need not be a specialistat all, _____ his views should reflect thepratical wisdom of ordinary people.

A) for

B) where

C) whether

D) in case

E) that

3. Infectious diseases are those which arecaused _____ an invasion of the body _____ organims from outside.

A) through / with

B) by / by

C) over / through

D) in / without

E) upon / within

4. I did manage to keep my temper but I

couldn’t refrain _____ pointing _____ thatwhat he had done was wrong.

A) in / at

B) at / to

C) by / away

D) for / off

E) from / out

5. _____ half of the budget of the US NationalInstitute on Ageing is spent on researchinto Alzheirmer’s disease.

A) As much as

B) More of

C) Rather than

D) Other

E) The most

6. Great natural disasters cause _____widespread death _____ massivedisruption and outbreaks of epidemicdisease.

A) much / as

B) so much / that

C) not only / but also

D) as / as

E) no sooner / than

7. Though they had _____ governmentbacking _____ a potential home market,the company poured billions of dollars intothe project and lost everything.

A) with / less

B) neither / nor

C) some / any

D) no / without

E) few / more

8. More importantly, Dobson’s book is areminder of _____ powerful and radicalgreen thinking can be.

A) ever so

B) how far

C) wherever

D) much more

E) just how




9. It _____ a mistake to think that all bacteriaare harmful, for, without some species, we _____ for long.

A) is / had not survived

B) would be / could not survive

C) will be / have not survived

D) has been / would not have survived

E) had been / did not survive

10. Over the last few years, consumer interestin organic agriculture _____ updramatically, and demand _____ currentlyahead of supply.

A) has shot / is

B) shot / was

C) had shot / had been

D) is shooting / has been

E) was shooting / would be

11. Orwell _____ at that moment that when thewhite man _____ tyrant it is his ownfreedom that he destroys.

A) perceived / would turn

B) has perceived / turned

C) had perceived / has turned

D) would perceive / will turn

E) perceived / turns

12. The singer’s passionate belief thattraditional societies around the world _____against the modern onslaught _____ fiercecritism.

A) were protected / will attract

B) have been protected / had attracted

C) are being protected / was attracting

D) ought to be protected / has attracted

E) would have been protected / would attract

13. You didn’t have to invite all those poepleout for lunch, so why_____?

A) didn’t you

B) did you

C) have you

D) haven’t you

E) don’t you

14. This poem is generally supposed _____ inthe fifteenth century, but some people datein even earlier.

A) being composed

B) to be composed

C) having been composed

D) to have composed

E) to have been composed

15. All the reports _____ handed in last week,but some of them still _____ me.

A) should have been / haven’t reached

B) were / didn’t reach

C) have been / won’t reach

D) had been / didn’t reachE) would have been / don’t reach

16. The failure so far to produce evidence of life on any planet but _____, has givencontinued strength to the belief in theuniqueness of Earth.

A) us

B) their

C) ours

D) our

E) its

17. I wasn’t at all impressed by the _____ hegave me.

A) distribution

B) explanation

C) determination

D) complication

E) negotiation

18. The problem of how to_____ the vastguantities of waste we produce, requiresour urgent attention.

A) bring up

B) win over

C) find out

D) put off

E) deal with




19. Once the children have grown up I shallstart travelling again, and I’m really _____that.

A) passing on to

B) waiting up for

C) looking forward to

D) make up for

E) come up with

20. If you want that post you’d beter applyquickly; the last day for _____ applicationsis Friday.

A) reversing

B) withholding

C) enforcing

D) submitting

E) committing

21. In this paper I should like to report some of the results of an _____ study of twohundred London families.

A) extreme

B) intrinsic

C) intensive

D) emphatic

E) apparent

22. Recent studies have shown that smokersare more_____ to common colds and fluthan non-smokers.

A) feasible

B) susceptible

C) applicable

D) dependable

E) responsible

23. For the present, the party is expected to putits differences aside and campaign ______for a victory at the forthcoming elections.

A) vigorously

B) awkwardly

C) acutely

D) distinctly

E) reluctantly

24. Industry has developed rapidly in certaincountries as raw materials are _____available there.

A) repeatedly

B) scarcely

C) consequently

D) abundantly

E) indefinitely






1. Our understanding of the development of behaviour has long been hampered by thetendency to _____ sharply between"innate" and "acquired" behaviour.

A) exclude

B) separate

C) distinguish

D) infer

E) assess

2. The government has recently made onemillion dollars _____ for research grantsconcerning the prediction of earthquakes.

A) conditional

B) available

C) suitable

D) considerable

E) vulnerable

3. The ozone layer may still act like aprotective blanket, but scientists continue

to worry about the sun's _____ lethaleffects.

A) potentially

B) equivalently

C) indifferently

D) approximately

E) abruptly

4. Owing to the shortages in some buildingmaterials and labour ______ in sometrades, the building industry began to make

more use of prefabricated components.

A) immunity

B) reliability

C) cavity

D) scarcity

E) morality

5. In a blizzard, the ______ of very lowtemperatures, strong wind and suffocatingsnow often proves fatal.

A) expectation

B) endurance

C) engagement

D) consistence

E) combination

6. I'm afraid I can't ______ the signature onthis oil painting, but it has been signed.

A) make out

B) take up

C) find out

D) turn backE) put down

7. The top research universities in the USAare ______ the fact that women researchersare encountering substantial barriers tocarreer advancement.

A) waiting for

B) pulling out of

C) facing up to

D) trying out

E) turning up

8. His doctor ______ advising him to take iteasy for a while and stop all overtime, buthe didn't listen.

A) made up

B) kept on

C) ran through

D) left out

E) played down

9. Once the occupying forces ______ manyseemingly innocent people were accusedof ______ with the enemy.

A) are leaving / to have been collaborated

B) were leaving / to have collaborated

C) have left / being collaborated

D) will leave / collaborating

E) had left / having collaborated




10. Although the metropolitan theatres ______a monopoly there for a long time, recentlyseveral private theatres ______.

A) would hold / are being opened

B) had held / had been opened

C) were holding / will be opened

D) held / have been opened

E) have held / were opened

11. In 1906 at Boğazköy several thousandcuneiform tablets ______ and most of them ______ now on exhibit in the AnatolianCivilizations Museum in Ankara.

A) have been discovered / were

B) were discovered / areC) had been discovered / had been

D) would have been discovered / are being

E) had discovered / have been

12. One oil company particular claims ______its best to balance economic progress withenvironmental care and socialresponsibility.

A) to be done

B) having done

C) doing

D) having been done

E) to have done

13. Had it not been for the variety and flexibilityof its trades, Huddersfield, like so many of the other textile towns, ______ into adecline in the 20th century.

A) was going

B) had gone

C) would have gone

D) would go

E) had been going

14. ______ the letters written by so manyparents, the headmaster agreed not toexpel the boys.

A) In response to

B) With reference to

C) In case of

D) Apart from

E) Pertaining to

15. Henry VII's foreign policy was unheroic andunspectacular; ______ did he go to war andthat was when he invaded France.

A) this once

B) never before

C) once again

D) only once

E) once more

16. Bennett's novel The Old Wives’ Tale is theone ______ he is likely to be best known byposterity.

A) of which

B) for whom

C) by whichD) in which

E) that

17. The problem with antiseptics is that ______killing germs they ______ kill thesurrounding tissues.

A) far from / neither

B) so far as / too

C) as much as / both

D) besides / as well

E) as well as / also

18. Beethoven's seventeen string quartets hold ______ the same position in chamber music ______ his symphonies hold in theorchestral repertoire.

A) as / that

B) much / as

C) quite / whether

D) just / what

E) thus / like

19. Post offices don't have enough space tocope ______ the tremendous increase ______ demand for PO boxes.

A) with / in

B) on / of

C) upon / within

D) for / upon

E) through / from




20. Even prior to the 1930s, Swedish banksplayed an important role ______ thefinancing ______ long-term industrialprojects.

A) at / for B) for / in

C) in / of

D) by / with

E) into / over

21. In Belgium, compensation ______accidents at work and occupationalillnesses is exclusively the concern ______employers.

A) over / from

B) in / by

C) from / for D) for / of

E) of / with

22. More than ______ invention of the last eightyears or so, television has been the mostharmful to family life.

A) some other

B) another

C) the others

D) any more

E) any other

23. Our sales are down again this month ______.

A) and they also are

B) and so are theirs

C) and neither are theirs.

D) but theirs aren't either

E) but they are too

24. Several important ports, ______ export

timber, are situated on the shores of theWhite Sea.

A) most of which

B) that many of them

C) those which

D) whichever of them

E) some of whom






1. In the early twentieth century, a number of scientists, who had been trained asphysicists, were interested in the study of biosocial organisms, and the efforts _____the field we now call molecular biology.

A) showed off

B) fell apart

C) made up for

D) gave rise to

E) took leave of

2. Even quite late in the twentieth centurymany men assumed that entry into certainprofessions was their _____ right.

A) extensive

B) unaccountable

C) exclusive

D) adequate

E) independent

3. In the introduction to this book, the writer _____ a foreign policy that makes worldpeace the top priority.

A) make out

B) brings about

C) holds out

D) keeps up

E) socially

4. In many countries training for industry has

ayways been considered tobe.........................the concern of industryitself, not of the state.

A) firmly

B) inherently

C) denouncing

D) suitably

E) socially

5. Bacteria have a remarkable capacity for _____ tolerance to previously lethal drugs.

A) repudiatingB) expanding

C) denouncing

D) deceiving

E) acquiring

6. If the _____ of profits falls in one area of activity, entrepreneurs may move their resources to an industry where the returnsare higher.

A) stage

B) policy

C) liability

D) level

E) phase

7. Because critical periods occur throughoutpregnancy, a woman should continuously _____ her health.

A) take good care of

B) come up with

C) put up with

D) find out

E) keep in with

8. A basic _____ of amphibious warfare isundoubtedly command of the sea.

A) concession

B) requirement

C) obsession

D) determinationE) withdrawal

9. Julius Caesar _____ a great historian if themaking of history _____ him the time andthe inclination to write it.

A) could be / could have allowed

B) will have been / allowed

C) had been / would have allowed

D) would have been / could allow

E) could have been / had allowed




10. Early in 1940 when Europe was already atwar, Hitler ______ the sale of uranium fromthe Czech mines he _____ over.

A) has banned / has taken

B) had banned / took

C) banned / had taken

D) bans / was taking

E) was banning / had been taking

11. Physics as it _____ at the end of thenineteenth century _____ to as classicalphysics.

A) has been known / might be referred

B) is known / has been

C) had been known / had been referred

D) was known / is referred

E) might have been known / was referred

12. Sometimes people select certain foods thatthey believe _____ their physicalappearance and avoid those they believe _____ detrimental.

A) have improved / would have been

B) are improving / were

C) improve / might beD) improved / had been

E) would have improved / have been

13. Much health education in recent years _____ towards the view that the heavydrinker _____ a subject for amusement or censure but for practical help.

A) has been directed / is not

B) had been directed / was not

C) was being directed / wouldn’t be

D) is directed / won’t beE) is being directed / hasn’t been

14. _____ the past few decades South Korea,Taiwan, Singapore and Hong Kong haveachieved the fastest rates _____ economicgrowth the world has ever seen.

A) Within / at

B) During / of

C) After / in

D) Before / over

E) Over / about

15. Galileo originated the method of controlledexperiment _____ now forms the basis of scientific investigation.

A) what

B) who

C) whose

D) whom

E) which

16. Some anthropologists think that man todayis _____ honest _____ he was hundredsand thousands of years ago.

A) much / as

B) the less / than

C) the least / of

D) little / as

E) less / than

17. Few things _____ unnerved the Spanishconquerors of the New World _____ theprospect of death on an Aztec sacrificialstone.

A) as / as

B) so / as

C) not only / but alsoD) neither / nor

E) such / that

18. The great bulk of industrial work nowadaysinvolves the use of machines, and it iscertain that mechanization will proceed _____ in the future.

A) besises

B) on the other hand

C) further still

D) ever since

E) just as




19. The works of the ancient Greek physicianHippocrates commonly known as theHippocratic Collection, consist _____ about70 works, _____ which only a relativelysmall number are possibly by him.

A) of / of

B) in / for

C) for / in

D) at / about

E) by / within

20. Till the eighteenth century, comparativelinguistic studies did notprogress.......................beyond the stagewhere ancient Greek and Romangrammarians had left them.

A) so much as

B) too much

C) either

D) very much

E) just in case

21. Diesel engines are more efficient thangasoline engines _____ the fact that alarger proportion of the fuel used is burned.

A) consequently

B) following

C) owing to

D) contrary to

E) in order that

22. _____ the computerized Dutch auctionsystem, the flower industry gets flowersinto our homes when they are still _____their best.

A) Under / at

B) At / in

C) From / with

D) Till / to

E) Within / for

23. It is not unusual for advertising campaignseven before the new products _____ ontothe market.

A) to have been launched / have come

B) being launched / will come

C) to be launched / come

D) having been launched / are coming

E) to have launched / will have come

24. Let’s take the ferry to Bandırma from whereit’s only a short drive to Bursa, _____driving all the way from Istanbul to Bursa.

A) in addition to

B) more than

C) besides

D) instead of

E) except for






1. The population of the underdevelopedcountries is growing so fast that theagricultural activities there are unable to ______ the progressively rising demand for food

A) bring up

B) look out for

C) sort out

D) keep up with

E) make sure of

2. Now that formal ______ has been given bythe government, the project team can berecruited.

A) expression

B) apprehension

C) determination

D) reference

E) approval

3. Japan is often ______ as an example of acountry that has managed to keep itsnational defense orientated industriesentirely separate from foreign-ownedcompanies.

A) withdrawn

B) delayed

C) cited

D) decoded

E) deceived

4. Among the Maori of New Zealand, eachcommunity has developed its own way of ______ crimes and has chosen a number of different punishments to match them.

A) paying for

B) coming along

C) taking over

D) holding up

E) dealing with

5. The distinction between a language and adialect is a ______ difficult one.

A) suitably

B) notoriously

C) flexibly

D) precisely

E) compulsively

6. Certain new findings suggest that youngcalves may be more ______ than older cows to bovine spongiformencephalopathy (BSE).

A) susceptible

B) hazardous

C) relative

D) reluctant

E) intimate

7. The general feeling in the court was thatseveral of the witnesses were ______information that could have a direct bearingupon the case.

A) disrupting

B) withholdingC) declining

D) expressing

E) avoiding

8. Champions of the green movement regardthe internal combustion machine as one of the biggest ______ in history.

A) denials

B) rejections

C) illusions

D) disasters

E) admissions

9. He insisted that mountaineering ______ asport for him, but a passion that ______ hiswhole life.

A) hadn’t been / would dominate

B) isn’t / has dominated

C) hasn’t been / is dominating

D) wouldn’t be / is dominating

E) wasn’t / had dominated




10. The judges of the international tribunal atThe Hague ______, on 1st February 2002,that charges relating to all three wars ______ together.

A) would agree / had been heard

B) have agreed / have been heardC) were agreed / will be heard

D) agreed / would be heard

E) had agreed / were heard

11. When he moved from Ethiopia where he ______, to England, his experiences ______quite unlike those of his contemporaries atschool.

A) had been born / were

B) is born / will be

C) would be born / would be

D) has been born / are

E) was born / will be

12. It’s not considered safe to leave your computer on when you are not in the office,so you ______ do so.

A) don’t have to

B) mustn’t

C) needn’t

D) haven’t got to

E) don’t need to

13. If she ______ to the interview in a morepositive state of mind, she ______ a better impression.

A) will go / would make

B) goes / has made

C) had gone / might have made

D) would go / had madeE) has gone / makes

14. The traditional idea that Asia was the cradle ______ primeval man has had to bemodified ______ the light of the discoveryof human fossils of great antiquity inAfrica.

A) to / over

B) for / from

C) by / under

D) from / within

E) of / in

15. Naturally I was rather disappointed ______the results of the experiment, but actually Iwasn’t really surprised ______ them.

A) by / to

B) over / for

C) for / by

D) with / at

E) of / with

16. When the personnel manager announcedthat everybody had to do overtime becausethey were ______ schedule, this caused agreat deal of ill will ______ the staff.

A) near / for

B) off / in

C) back / from

D) below / between

E) behind / among

17. Little is known about life on the ocean floor ______ scientists have only recentlydeveloped the technology for exploring it.

A) yet

B) as

C) though

D) whereas

E) while

18. Of the company’s three accountants, onlyone is useful; ______ deserve to be sentaway.

A) they both

B) all the others

C) both the others

D) each one

E) each of them

19. The young sociologist ______ article waspublished in the “National Geographic” hadtraveled 1700 miles across Australia’swestern wilderness.

A) whose

B) who

C) that

D) which

E) whom




20. The impression I got was that the director has completely given up ______ hopes hemay at one time have cherished.

A) as many

B) such

C) every

D) any

E) so many

21. The evolution of a parliamentarydemocracy ______ came about over a longperiod of time and ______ then the processwas a rough one.

A) simply / as

B) only / even

C) hardly / since

D) just / up to

E) really / so

22. The post is mine ______ I agree to stay withthe firm for at least three years.

A) in case

B) conditionally

C) if

D) whether

E) accordingly

23. They are in no way responsible; we mustface the fact that we have only ______ toblame.

A) itself

B) ours

C) them

D) themselves

E) ourselves

24. The micro air vehicles they are working onare ______ small that it will be almostimpossible to detect them with radar.

A) too

B) as

C) such

D) so

E) more






1. The American constitution with its variousconstraints _____ to protect citizens, canactually shield criminals.

A) discovered

B) designed

C) persuaded

D) complained

E) displayed

2. Indeed, the station is such that thechairman has finally promised toimplement.....................the committeerecommends.

A) whoever

B) as ever

C) if ever

D) however

E) whatever

3. In the wake of yet another financialscandal, the chief accountant handed in his _____ to the director.

A) retirement

B) resignation

C) promotion

D) redundancy

E) vacancy

4. Using the dam to generate power would not _____ the treaty with the neighboringcountry, but diverting water out of the river would.

A) intimidate

B) betray

C) violate

D) convert

E) fetch

5. Acid rain only became a _____environmental issue in the 1980s followinggroundbreaking studies in the 1970s.

A) previous

B) deceitful

C) reckless

D) deceitful

E) prominent

6. Unfortunately, _____ stamping out thedrugs' trade, these programmers are simplyforcing drug growers to move into moreinaccessible regions.

A) besides

B) rather than

C) in addition to

D) due to

E) as for

7. The _____ that terrorists use to movemoney from regions that finance them totheir target country are often identical tothose used by criminal gangs.

A) regulations

B) laws

C) provisions

D) methods

E) admissions

8. ......................the Civil War, those yearsturned out to be a golden era for themagazine industry

A) Despite

B) Pertaining to

C) Although

D) Obviously

E) Nevertheless




9. Unfortunately,...........................currentproductivity growth looks impressive, therise in profits over the coming years islikely to prove disappointing.

A) since

B) if

C) even though

D) just as

E) which

10. The members of the special commission oncrime, some of...................were appointedby the mayor, still meet on a regular basis.

A) that

B) who

C) whom

D) whose

E) which

11. The foreman has a way of making mostpeople do what he wants, but somehow Idon’t think he’ll manage to.......................thenew director!

A) get around

B) keep up with

C) turn over

D) make up for

E) rule out

12. The man who created the first computer virus has been sentenced to 20 months inan American federal prison, and it isgenerally agreed that he has been _____very lightly.

A) shown up

B) given up

C) taken down

D) let off

E) brought in

13. The biggest accounting issue raised _____the energy company is _____ accountingstandards.

A) by / over B) to / to

C) for / under D) through / within

E) from / into

14. Crying, which starts _____ birth, is analarm system that attracts the parent and itcan be switched off _____ parentalattention.

A) with / after

B) at / by

C) for / with

D) from / for

E) by / through

15. Since 1998, the US federal government hasmore than doubled its spending _____defense _____ biological and chemicalweapons.

A) for / with

B) of / to

C) on / against

D) in / from

E) with / over

16. Items _____ display in this museum wereobtained _____ mosques, Turkish baths,fountains and caravansary’s dating back tothe Ottoman period.

A) on / from

B) in / by

C) for / out of

D) within / of

E) with / at

17. Following four Mars mission losses, anindependent report paints a very clear picture of _____ what ails the US spaceprogramme, _____ what must be done to fixit.

A) wherher / though

B) either / or

C) how / and

D) thus / that

E) not only / but also




18. Basically a country has two objectives inimposing tariffs; one is to raise revenue for government, _____ is to protect homeindustries by raising the price of competinggoods from abroad.

A) other

B) both

C) another

D) the other

E) each

19. This part of Africa is growing greener again _____ that families who fled to wetter coastal regions are starting to go home.

A) so far B) to such an extent

C) even so

D) as a result

E) even more

20. While the parades for the opening of parliament _____, the president _____ asobering message for his countrymen.

A) had rehearsed / prepared

B) have been rehearsed / has prepared

C) were being rehearsed / was preparing

D) are rehearsing / is preparing

E) had been rehearsed / would prepare

21. Though we still _____ a long way to go, alot _____ in developing new medicalprocedures to deal with diseased tissue.

A) had had / had been accomplished

B) had / has been accomplished

C) have had / was accomplished

D) are having / was being accomplished

E) have / is being accomplished

22. Soon, customs officers _____ to use X-raytechnology _____ cavities in vehicles for drugs.

A) have been able / having scanned

B) are able / scanning

C) were able / to be scanned

D) will be able / to scan

E) would have been able / to have scanned

23. As acquisition opportunities within the EU _____ less, western European energycompanies _____ to turn eastwards in thehunt for expansion opportunities.

A) grow / are being forced

B) will grow / would have been forced

C) are growing / would be forced

D) have grown / had been forced

E) grew / have been forced

24. If Britain _____ the euro, say in 2004, thestability pact _____ highly important.

A) will be joining / is becoming

B) has joined / will have become

C) will have joined / will become

D) would join / has become

E) were to join / would become

25. Whatever else _____ the British empire for so long, it was not Britain's educationsystem.

A) was sustained

B) has sustained

C) sustains

D) sustained

E) to have sustained






1. He did ....................... better in the interview

.......................... any of the other applicants.

A) rather / than

B) much / as

C) still / with

D) as / for

E) far / from

2. Throughout his term in office PresentClinton .............................. by allegationsrelating to the Whitewater real estate dealin which he and his wife, Hillary Clinton,....................... priotto the 1992 election.

A) had been dogged / were involved

B) is dogged / are involved

C) has been dogged / have been involved

D) was dogged / had been involved

E) was being dogged / may have beeninvolved

3. The essays taken together tell the stor of how the US became an economic power .......................... a scale unprecedented..................... history.

A) at / by

B) for / with

C) through / at

D) with / form

E) on / in

4. More than 29 millon Africans are nowinfected with HIV, and the disease is killing.................... Africans .............................. allthe continent’s wars combined.

A) either / or

B) so many / as


D) more / than

E) both / and

5. Each year, large amounts of carbonmonoxide are.........................into theatmosphere by automobiles and factories.

A) compelled

B) emilled

C) repulsed

D) absorbedE) exchanged

6. ................................. the surprise of thearchaeologists, the structures turned out tobe the remains ......................... two domedtombs, each over a thousand years old.

A) At / from

B) To / of

C) With / oven

D) For / by

E) By / through

7. Once the director.....................just howmuch was at stake, he.........................justhow much immediate steps to deal with thedispute.

A) has realized / had taken

B) realized / taken

C) is realized / taken

D) had realized / took

E) realizes / will take

8. Sponsorship is being increasingly allowedin schools provided it is regarded as being.......................with educational curricula.

A) provocative

B) predictable

C) compatible

D) considerate

E) decisive

9. As the new fieldworker will be working inclose....................with several others, makesure you select someone with an agreeablepersonality.

A) productivity

B) suspicion

C) discretionD) uniformity

E) collaboration

10. Professional tennis, which got its star in1926 when the French player SuzanneLenglen...........................50.000 US dolarsfor a tour, only.....................full recognitionin.

A) was paid / received

B) is paid / receives

C) would be paid / had receivedD) has been paid / would receive

E) had been paid / has received




11. The discovery of a.........................cancer causing chemical in foods like crisps, chipsand cereals caused shockwaves around theworld when it hit the headlines earlier thisyear.

A) controversially

B) potentially

C) remarkably

D) memorably

E) concisely

12. The once radical notion thatbirds...................................from dinosaurs.......................stronger and stronger sincepaleontologists first started taking itseriously couple of decades ago.

A) are descending / was growing

B) had descended / had grown

C) descended / is growing

D) descended / has grown

E) have descended / grew

13. The first two paragraphs.........................theparticular requirements of the digitalenvironment as the source of data and as ameans of producing maps and other visualizations.

A) break through

B) lay emphasis on

C) stop short of

D) run out of

E) look down on

14. Geographical information System toolprovide specialized functions for spatialdata input, processing, analysis andoutput, .............................. DatabaseManagement System tools provide moreadvanced functions for storing andmanaging large spatial databases.

A) that

B) due to

C) while

D) whether

E) in that

15. Photosynthesis is the process......................... green plants manufacturecarbohydrates, using the energy of sunlight.

A) as whenB) on which

C) where

D) by which

E) since






1. It seems from the Chinese experience, thatan authoritarian state can open itseconomy to internationalforces.........................either collapsing or becoming more democratic.

A) therefore

B) so as

C) whether

D) without

E) including

2. A fresh look at the final months of thepresidency of John F.Kennedy...................that a second Kennedyterm might have produced arapprochement with Cuba.

A) involves

B) describes

C) inflicts

D) indicates

E) promises

3. Many African governmentsare.........................financial collapse andsurvive only on the strength of aid anddonations from international organization.

A) on the verge of

B) in excess of

C) in place of

D) in line with

E) in the case of

4. Much to everyone’s surprise, the

steelworker’s union actually supported thetakeover, and managed to secure further pension rights for its members...................

A) in accord

B) in its place

C) on a level

D) in the process

E) as it happened

5. With the help of a fifth of the white votersMr. Jackson was elected mayor of Atlantain 1973, and............................became the

first black mayor of a major southern city.

A) yet

B) even so

C) otherwise

D) nevertheless

E) tunes

6. He admitted that he was resigning from thepost because he felt it did not make asufficient call on the combativeand..........................elements of his nature.

A) submissive

B) self-assertive

C) reserved

D) self-contained

E) introverted

7. If he wants the contract he must let usknow by Tuesday; we can’t the offer open................

A) indefinitely

B) decisively

C) conclusively

D) reluctantly

E) infinitely

8. Sometimes a seemingly modest businessdeal can change the whole........................of an industry.

A) relapse

B) courseC) vitality

D) expansion

E) expression




9. By the early 1990s nuclear xeapons couldbe designed, tested and maintained........................complete secrecy, withouthaving to worry.....................enemiesexploiting information from live tests.

A) within / with

B) in / about

C) through / by

D) from / over

E) by / for

10. In the US the weakening of the dollar ismaking foreign wines pricier and domesticones, .......................more attractive.

A) in comparisonB) in addition

C) on condition

D) in competition

E) on account

11. .........................James assures me that he’stelling the truth, I’m pretty sure that he’sactually telling a lie.

A) Whenever

B) So as

C) As if

D) On the contrary

E) Just as

12. Since there............................nothing in theway of pay rises or bonuses for two threeyears, the new taxes.......................a greatdeal of distress.

A) had been/caused

B) had been/had causedC) will be/would have caused

D) would have been/are going to cause

E) will have been/are causing

13. Over the past three years, the US economy...........................badly hurt by unforeseenevents, but housing ......................to moveup to set sales records in both 2001 and2002.

A) would be / would have continued

B) had been / has continued

C) has been / continued

D) was / continues

E) is being / would continue

14. Presumably, the main concern of theJapanese central bank atpresent.........................to avoid......................for any large-scale financialcollapse.

A) will be / having blamed

B) has been / having been blamed

C) was / to be blamed

D) is / being blamed

E) would be / to have been blamed

15. For the time beign, people areconcentrating.............................makinguse.......................the irrigation systems thathave already been installed.

A) by / with

B) for / in

C) at / into

D) over / from

E) on / of






1. It seems strange to us now that miners and

others employed in dangerous work shouldnot have demanded the provision of ___________ headgear.

A) forceful

B) obstructive

C) relentless

D) protective

E) intensive

2. The auroras are caused by the ___________of solar winds with gases in the Earth's

atmosphere.

A) intersection

B) complétion

C) interaction

D) perception

E) distraction

3. Pakistan ___________ the Indus and itstributaries for almost half of its irrigationsupplies.

A) turns back

B) waits for

C) takes to

D) puIIs up

E) relies on

4. Their Prime Minister has been able to actmore aggressively in the past year becausehe has ___________ his power within thegovernment.

A) recommendedB) reduced

C) compeIIed

D) consolidated

E) impaired

5. In the past 30 years, our knowledge of theancient Maya civilization has increased ___________ as a result of thedecipherment of a newly discovered script.

A) significantly

B) alternatively

C) suspiciously

D) persuasively

E) conditionality

6. ___________ providing luxury on everyimaginable level, a five- star hotel shouldalso have the ability to take you bysurprise.

A) With a view toB) In excess of

C) Consequent on

D) In need of

E) addition to

7. Ancient Peruvian textiles have survived inan exceIIent state of preservation ___________ the dry conditions of much of the country.

A) with regard to

B) in comparison with

C) in case of

D) pwing to

E) in opposition to

8. Exciting new research is transformingindustrial robotics, offering the promise of whole new generation of ___________inteIIigent machines.

A) more

B) much

C) any

D) mostlyE) too

9. He is hoping that, by the time he ___________ for the grant, his book onEgyptian, silverwork

A) has to apply/ will have been published

B) had applied/ had been published

C) was to apply / has been published

D) will be applying / would have beenpublished

E) would have applied / will be published




10. Is seems that, even if big westerncompanies ___________to help developlifesaving GM (genetically modified)seedsfor the underdeveloped countries, onlySouth Africa ___________ to accept them.

A) will be willing/ is ready

B) has been willing / will be ready

C) had been willing/ would be ready

D) would be willing/ was ready

E) Were willing / would be ready

11. The big test ___________ over the next fewweeks when the government ___________to introduce a plan to include drugcoverage in Medicare.

A) is coming/ will be expected

B) comes/ was expectedC) has come/ is expecting

D) will come / is expected

E) would come / would be expected

12. Seafarers' records ___________ back to1590 ___________ it possible to visualizethe behavior of one of the planet's mostmysterious phenomena : its magnetic field.

A) dating / have made

B) to date / would make

C) being dated/ had made

D) to be dated / are making

E) to have been dated / will make

13. The software has been designed to helpdetectives solve complex cases ___________ prompting them to explorelines ___________ enquiry other than theobvious ones.

A) through / to

B) by / of

C) from / into

D) over / with

E) into / for

14. Recent findings have suggested that, inancient times too, man was capable ___________ causing rapid and decisivechanges ___________ the genetic make-upof staple crops.

A) in / for B) to / of

C) of / in

D) from / over

E) with / into

15. ___________ helmets had been revived for soldiers and extended to many workers,safety head coverings for athletes almostinevitably foIIowed.

A) while

B) before

C) although

D) once

E) until






1. The quartet's rendering of Mozart is good,but I have mixed feeling about the Schubertcollection.

A) exceptionally

B) sensitively

C) preferably

D) impulsively

E) impartially

2. These novels illustrate the author's for thestruggles of young people and the proper help that should be given.

A) deceit

B) obligation

C) alteration

D)disturbance

E) concern

3. America's subsidies to its cotton farmershave long been a noteworthy example of the harm that rich countries' subsidiesonthe poor.

A) enforce

B) provide

C) exceed

D) inflict

E) employ

4. The book is surprisingly lucid and managesto make the controversial field of

evolutionary psychology to the averageintelligent reader.

A) susceptible

B) conducive

C) available

D) indulgent

E) exclusive

5. As Egypt its biggest irrigation project, thePharaohs' dream of spreading their kingdoms into the desert is coming true.

A) puts off

B) embarks on

C) breaks up

D) tries on

E) shows up

6. China's economic boom a growing need for energy that only foreign supplies

A) will produce / used to satisfy

B) produced / had satisfied

C) is producing / could satisfy

D) has produced / can satisfy

E) would produce / would have satisfied

7. They hope that by surrounding city centersand likely terrorist targets with "soft walls",they .................. it impossible for hijackedplanes anywhere near them.

A) will make / to get

B) would make / having gotC) make / to have got

D) have made / to be got

E) are making / getting

8. New DMA evidence hints that "AfricanEve", the 150,000-year-old female ancestor of every person on Earth, .............. inTanzania or Ethiopia.

A) has lived

B) is used to living

C) may have livedD) would live

E) would be living

9. Socrates that we with the improvement of our souls.

A) must have said / would be concerned

B) had said / had to be concerned

C) was saying / should have been concerned

D) has said / had been concerned

E) said / should be concerned




10. its vast forests, Myanmar was thought topossess the largest number of tigers ...........India.

A) For / with

B) In / for

C) At / to

D) With / after

E) Through / by

11. Though the most important factors in pricingdecisions are production ............................costs and the level demand,........................... broader companyobjectives must also be takenconsideration.

A) in / out of

B) of / into

C) with / for

D between / by

E) on / under

12. Until people realize that they have to developnew skills, there's no way the economy canimprove,.......................?

A) is there

B) can there

C) can it

D) have they

E) can they

13. they are accessible by boat only, theseislands are still largely undeveloped.

A) Even

B) As if

C) Although

D) ConsequentlyE) Since

14. The most devastating human impact onenvironments can be seen on islands............................................................. settlershave introduced new animals and plants.

A) which

B) to whom

C) what

D) to which

E) whom

15. Human activity has destroyed plant speciesthat collective action is essentialfor.......................the conservation of thosethat remain.

A) more

B) so many

C) many more

D) the most

E) as many






1. In China's largest psychiatric facility thereis a serious lack of resources but the staff try hard to _________ this in their treatmentof the patients.

A) come up with

B) go in for

C) put up with

D) set out for

E) retake up for

2. Unless you use your computer _________,you can't expect it to function well.

A) surely

B) particularly

C) recently

D) properly

E) soundly

3. The Gulf countries have achievedsubstantial progress regional integration

_________ the past 20 years.

A) through / of

B) into / with

C) for / on

D) over / by

E) towards / over

4. It's worth remembering that his _________of the downward trends in output over recent years is not the only one.

A) interpretation

B) departure

C) compliance

D) discrétion

E) intention

5. In the case of opera, the benefits of beingable to experience the whole productionfrom the comfort of your armchairs are very ___________ .

A) subtle

B) demonstrative

C) deliberate

D) excessive

E) attractive

6. The analysis of a story __________ itscentral conflict is likely to be 'especiallyfruitful, for it rapidly takes us to what istruly ___________ issue in the story.

A) by / over

B) from / with

C) through / at

D) with / about

E) towards / above

7. For the control of the deadly brain diseasein cows (BSE), surveiIIance is beingstepped up in Canada, but the US claims tobe testing enough cattle already to ___________ the risk.

A) assert

B) assess

C) consult

D) exceed

E) discourage

8. In Kuwait, foreign companies are presentlytaxed at 55 percent of profits, whereas theKuwaitis themselves pay _________ or ________ tax depending on their status.

A) less / least

B) little / no

C) more / less

D) few / fewer

E) less / none

9. Slow-motion photography can reveal thingsthat happen ___________ fast for thehuman eye to see.

A) more

B) as

C) than

D) Joo

E) such




10. He in a line of work that was dependentsolely on his ability to win the trust of others, and one in which very closerelationships ___________ necessary.

A) puas engaged / were

B) would have been engaged / will be

C) will be engaged / could be

D) had been engaged / are

E) is engaged / would be

11. The term "radical", in politics, refers toanyone with opinions___________ extreme ___________ the main current of acountry's major political party or parties.

A) so / as

B) Sftoiore / than

C) only / that

D) not only / but also

E) either / or

12. The auditing of accounts means the officialinspection of a company's accounts by aqualified accountant, and this ___________by law each year.

A) had been required

B) requires

C) required

D) required

E) would have been required

13. Applicants _________ the ability to workwell in a multicultural environment and __________ to work to tight deadlines.

A) have had / had been able

B) should have / be able

C) must have / were able

D) will have / had had

E) could have / have had

14. Old Danish, one of the languages of theVikings who _________ in parts of Britainduring the 9th to 11 centuries, ___________a strong influence on the development of

English.

A) have settled / had had

B) had settled / would have

C) settle / has

D) settled / had

E) would settle / will have

15. One day humans ____________ on Mars if US President Bush's recently announcedplans – ________ to fruition.

A) could be walking / come

B) would walk / had come

C) can be walking /will come

D) would have walked / come

E) will be walking / might come






1. A fair proportion of the workforce now workfrom their homes, a that has been madepossible by computers.

A) disturbance

B) destination

C) circumstance

D) support

E) denial

2. North Korea is _________ to abandon itsnuclear programme without specificsecurity guarantees from America andpromises of lost of aid.

A) sincere

B) nasty

C) boastful

D) unlikely

E) provisional

3. Pharmaceutical firms are wary of devotingmoney to new antibiotics whose sales canbe __________ limited by the developmentof resistance in the target microbes.

A) accurately

B) adequately

C) severely

D) complacently

E) confidently

4. In an aircraft the cabin lights are dimmedduring take-off and landing to helppassengers to ___________ themselves todarkness in the event of an emergency.

A) modify

B) accustom

C) resume

D) associate

E) relate

5. Jean Chrétien __________ after more thanten years as Canada's prime minister.

A) step-down

B) makes out

C) runs out

D) holds up

E) points out

6. The United States spends ___________ onarmed forces do _________ all other countries combined.

A) so much / thatB) both / and


D) neither / nor

E) more / than

7. Over this period, according to a reportrecently issued by the Hispanic StudiesCenter in Los Angeles, Mexicans received14.5 biIIon US doIIars from relativesworking in the United States, which isalmost __________ Mexico earned from

foreign oil sales.

A) as

B) just as

C) as well as

D) as much as

E) as far as

8. The origin of sex is much of a puzzle ___________ its prevalence.

A) too / for

B) so / so

C) as / as

D) that / such as

E) very / more like




9. In business, every trend contains the seedsof _________ counter-trend.

A) itself

B) its ownC) any one

D) any

E) one's own

10. If you _________ a car, you _________ itsperformance, not its appearance.

A) were buying / had been considering

B) were buying / would have considered

C) bought / had considered

D) have bought / would have been considered

E) are buying / should be considering

11. What's really ___________ issue is thepolitical structure __________ which Sovietcommunism was erected.

A) at / on

B) for / from

C) to / through

D) by / in

E) over / with

12. Provincial governments play a big role inthe lives of Canadians ____________primary responsibility __________ health,education and welfare.

A) through / over

B) at / about

C) from / to

D) by / of

E) with / for

13. China, which___________ much of Mongolia from the end of the seventiethcentury until the early twentieth century,still, ____________ the oil, coal, uranium,and empty grasslands of its former possessions.

A) was ruling / has coveted

B) had ruled / may have coveted

C) has ruled / coveted

D) ruled / covets

E) rules / is coveting

14. The choices we make and the lives we lead __________ by the values we ___________ .

A) would be influenced / are holding

B) are influenced / holdC) had been influenced / were holding

D) must have influenced / had hold

E) have been influenced / were holding

15. FoIIowing World War II, job prospects for young people ___________ greatly whichallowed them ___________ moreprosperous than their parents.

A) had improved / to have felt

B) have improved / feeling

C) improved / to feel

D) were improving / having felt

E) would have improved / having to feel






1. The laws concerning the breeding of animals

for research could turn out to be to the ---- of medical research.

A) admission B) detrimentC) exclusion D) preferenceE) cohesion

2. At present, interest rates are comparatively ----; let’s hope they remain that way.

A) frequent B) uneasyC) consecutive D) comprehensiveE) steady

3. In some parts of Western Europe, ---- inFrance, Denmark and Sweden, cohabitationhas become almost as common as marriage.

A) completely B) deceptivelyC) notably D) voluntarilyE) relatively

4. What are some of the things that differentiallyaffect siblings and help ---- their success or failure?

A) pursue B) recognizeC) recreate D) determineE) reinstate

5. Solar heating never ---- in the US because of the cost and limited winter sunlight in mostareas.

A) caught on B) played upC) turned over D) waited onE) looked back

6. Having read so many contemporary Americanwriters, I ---- to feel impatient with the kind of fiction that ---- in England.

A)was beginning / will have been writtenB) had begun / has been writtenC) have begun / would have been writtenD) would begin / is being writtenE) began / was being written

7. Cross-border shopping is a fundamental rightunder EU law and ---- as a form of tax evasion.

A) must not have been regardedB) had not been regarded

C) should not be regardedD) would not have been regardedE) was not being regarded

8. He certainly ---- party members last weekendwhen he announced that he ---- to regain hisparty chairmanship.

A) has shocked / had not soughtB) would have shocked / will not seekC) had shocked / would not have soughtD) was to shock / is not seekingE) shocked / would not seek

9. The 1980s ---- a surge of new interest ---- thedefinition of intelligence.

A) have brought / to be expandingB) had brought / having expandedC) were bringing / to have expandedD) brought / in expandingE) would have brought / to expand

10. For decades presidents have been coming ---- plans to deal with the fact that one day theworld will run ---- its key source of energy: oil

A) up with / out of B) out of / up against

C) down to / away fromD) up for / throughE) over to / into

11. Philosophers have debated the relation ----thought and emotions ---- at least twomillennia.

A) from / over B) over / inC) between / for D) in / byE) through / to

12. ---- little respect the British people may feelfor the monarchy, they are still not likely to

change to a republic.

A) As far as B) Whatever C) Such a D) However E) Just as

13. All of the world’s major national parks areincluded on the map, ---- are most of theimportant reserves of lesser statue

A) as B) as wellC) such D) whichE) that




14. His latest novel is about people who taketheir work seriously, ---- that’s being amother, a nurse or a soldier.

A) even so B) as if

C) unless D) besidesE) whether

15. Héviz is Europe’s largest warm-water lakeand visitors can swim there even in winter, ---- helps extend the tourist season.

A) thus B) whichC) nor D) tooE) so






1. A strong ---- exists between a country’s wealth

and the freedom afforded its citizens.

A) coincidenceB) correlationC) considerationD) determinationE) interpretation

2. Satellite television transmission now makes it----for us to watch events as they unfold inother countries.

A) worldwideB) substantial

C) awareD) commonplaceE) liable

3. Latin American countries on average exportonly about 10 per cent of their products toother Latin American countries but ---- 20 per cent of them to the US.

A) almostB) fairlyC) respectivelyD) initiallyE) extensively

4. Until the sixteenth century, when the firstinternational postal agreement was ----, therewas no postal system as we know it today.

A) assignedB) maintainedC) enactedD) seizedE) conducted

5. There has been increasing pressure in the USto---- the amount of funding allocated toforeign aid, and instead, use the funds toimprove the domestic economy.

A) make up for B) point out toC) keep up withD) cut down onE) take up with

6. Many parts of rural America ---- to reflect thevalues and traditions of the Europeanimmigrants who ---- in the country during thenineteenth century.

A) continued / have arrivedB) have continued / would have arrivedC) continue / arrivedD) would have continued / were arrivingE) will continue / would arrive

7. With few exceptions, most totalitariangovernments ---- more liberal since 1989 whenthe Berlin Wall ----

A) became / fallsB) are becoming / would fallC) were becoming / has fallenD) had become / was falling

E) have become / fell

8. Of all the arts it ---- to classical music thatGermany ---- the greatest contribution.

A) had been / madeB) is / has madeC) has been / had madeD) was / will have madeE) might be / would have made

9. Severity of autism ranges ---- those who aremutes and have no functional behavior ----individuals with high IQ scores.

A) into / amongB) in / aboutC) between / of D) through / for E) from / to

10. Most companies would prefer to concentrate ----domestic rather than foreign marketsbecause of their greater familiarity ---- their own environments.

A) in / of B) on / with

C) over / byD) at / fromE) for / to

11. Management must learn to determine marketconditions in the countries ---- it is doingbusiness.

A) where B) whatC) as for D) of whichE) so that




12. ---- the growth in e-mail and faxtransmissions, many communications arestill best handled by face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact.

A) Contrary to B) In spite of C) By means of D) Since

E) As regards

13. ---- by making an internal analysis can acompany set the overall rationale for itsinternational activities.

A) Still B) WhileC) Only D) UntilE) Just as

14. ---- an organization depends oncollaborative arrangements, ---- likely it is tolose control over decisions.

A) Not only / but alsoB) Neither / nor C) Either / or D) When / thenE) The more / the more

15. A corporation’s formulation of itsinternational strategy will greatly determine ---- it will benefit more from protectionism or from some other means for counteringinternational competition.

A) so B) asC) unless D) whether E) whereby






1. Volcanoes are built by the ---- of their owneruptive products, which are lava, ash flows,airborne ash and dust.

A) accumulation B) destructionC) explosion D) instabilityE) growth

2. China and India serve as models for Africabecause their experiences hold lessons for developing countries on how to manage ----economic and political transformation.

A) deceitful B) persuasiveC) accessible D) irregular E) gradual

3. In the largely closed economies of the Gulf,private as well as public funds have ---- turnedto real estate and equity markets, fuelling adangerous speculative boom.

A) unlikely B) nominallyC) rapidly D) stillE) tightly

4. Certain nations have ---- the use of prenataldiagnostic techniques to select the sex of anunborn child; but, bribery and humaningenuity have made it easy for prospectiveparents to by-pass the statute.

A) removed B) outlawedC) explored D) sustainedE) retained

5. Cells convert energy from one form to another and use that energy to ---- various activities,ranging from mechanical work to chemicalsynthesis.

A) turn off B) use upC) take in D) carry outE) pick up

6. The British government ---- details of the nextstage of its genetically modified crop fieldtrials, thus ---- off a now familiar cycle of debate and demonstration.

A) has released / settingB) will release / to setC) would have released / having setD) is releasing / to have setE) released / to be set

7. Training schemes in the United Kingdom ----by the government as unemployment ----.

A) were encouraged / will have worsenedB) would be encouraged / had been worsenedC) have been encouraged / has worsenedD) had been encouraged / may worsenE) are encouraged / would have worsened

8. After the Germanic invasions, Celtic cultures,which in pre-Roman times ---- most of Western Europe, ---- almost entirely to theBritish Isles.

A) had covered / were confinedB) have been covering / have been confinedC) had been covering / would be confined

D) have covered / could have been confinedE) were covering / had been confined

9. An Indian drug company has offered to supplyan anti-AIDS drug ---- sufferers in developingcountries ---- less than one-twentieth of thestandard cost in the West.

A) in / to B) at / over C) with / for D) to / at E) on / with

10. The main attention at the World EconomicForum, when it was not focused ---- China,centred on Africa’s remarkable economicgrowth ---- the past couple of years.

A) in / with B) on / over C) of / towardsD) by / at E) from / through

11. In child development, play and explorationare similar ---- they are both intrinsicallymotivated behaviours and not directed byexternal goals.

A) on the other handB) whereasC) otherwiseD) after E) since

12. At present, the European Union importsabout one quarter of its gas and one third of its oil from Russia, ---- countries such asSlovakia, Finland, Poland, Hungary, theBaltic states and the Ukraine are totally or very heavily dependent on Russian energy.

A) even though B) sinceC) whether D) whileE) in case




13. Several species of birds in Vietnam vanishedduring the war, ---- they began to reappear inthe 1980s and their gradual return has beenencouraged by Vietnamese villagers.

A) but B) since C) unlessD) when E) if

14. Countries are interested ---- in their absoluteeconomic welfare, ---- in how well they areperforming compared to other countries.

A) both / as well asB) as / asC) so much / asD) more / butE) not only / but also

15. A structural formula is a chemical formulathat shows how the atoms are bonded to ----in a molecule.

A) another B) othersC) the othersD) each other E) every other






1. Anthony Powell, the contemporary Britishnovelist, shows in his writing great familiaritywith the work of Proust while avoiding muchdirect ---- to him.

A) interest B) dependenceC) quotation D) referenceE) obsession

2. Despite its small population and ----remoteness, Australia occupies a powerfulposition in global science in general and lifescience in particular.

A) ultimate B) sizeableC) relative D) extensiveE) recurrent

3. The Allied bombing campaign againstGermany in World War II exacted terribledamage on the country’s factories,transportation network, population, and ----very limited fuel-production capacity.

A) already B) solelyC) immediately D) inadequatelyE) rightly

4. Soccer’s many creative possibilities ---- inpart from its being played on such a largefield.

A) entail B) consistC) conclude D) claimE) derive

5. Kosrae is the smallest of the four islandstates that ---- the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the largest and mostpopulous political entity that emerged after World War II.

A) keep away B) tie up withC) make up D) set downE) take on

6. Investigations by modern doctors ---- thatCatherine the Great of Russia ---- fromsyphilis.

A) have suggested / has sufferedB) suggest / sufferedC) had suggested / was sufferingD) may have suggested / would have sufferedE) suggested / suffers

7. This morning it ---- in the news that the great

Italian tenor Pavarotti ---- of pancreatic cancer soon after midnight.

A) had been reported / diedB) is reported / would dieC) is being reported / diesD) was reported / had diedE) has been reported / could have died

8. The United States ---- expensive high-techsolutions to the problem of land-mineclearance, but simpler methods ---- morepreferable.

A) should pursue / wereB) pursues / had beenC) pursued / will have beenD) would pursue / would have beenE) has pursued / may be

9. People who travel ---- airlines all have stories ---- how bad the experience is when things gowrong.

A) with / for B) in / of C) on / about D) at / over E) through / to

10. Scientists have studied the health status of native people in the South Pacific ----decades, and have noted the explosion of diet-related disease ---- the area.

A) for / in B) throughout / over C) through / about D) by / off E) of / at

11. The World watch Institute reported last year ---- approximately four of the five McDonald’srestaurants that opened every day in 2005were outside the United States.

A) if B) as

C) while D) whenE) that

12. One of the world’s worst space flightdisasters occurred on 28 January 1986, ----the shuttle Challenger exploded soon after take-off, killing the crew of seven.

A) if B) so thatC) even if D) whenE) just as




13. The discovery in 2001 of a juveniledinosaur’s spectacularly preserved fossilwith feathers does indicate the dinosaur-birdconnection, ---- it also casts new light on themystery of why nature invented feathers in

the first place.

A) whether B) whereC) but D) soE) whereas

14. Contrary to perceptions outside Canada, themajority of Canadians are descended fromthe English, the Scots, and the Irish ---- fromthe French.

A) rather than B) more thanC) such as D) and soE) also

15. Because of the wide variety of ethnicity inthe United States, people speak English as ---- their native ---- their adopted tongue.

A) rather / than B) either / or C) more / than D) so much / asE) well / as




CEVAP ANAHTARLARI

1997 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) A 3) E 4) D 5) B 6) C 7) C 8) B

9) A 10) C 11) C 12) B 13) D 14) C 15) E 16) D

17) A 18) C 19) C 20) E 21) C 22) B 23) B 24) B

25) E 26) A 27) B 28) D 29) C 30) C 31) E 32) B

1997 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) A 3) B 4) A 5) D 6) C

7) B 8) D 9) C 10) A 11) E 12) B

13) E 14) A 15) C 16) D 17) C 18) A

19) C 20) B 21) E 22) B 23) A 24) C

1998 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) E 3) D 4) C 5) B 6) A

7) D 8) B 9) C 10) E 11) E 12) D

13) C 14) E 15) A 16) B 17) E 18) C19) B 20) D 21) A 22) C 23) D 24) A

1998 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) A 3) D 4) E 5) C 6) C

7) E 8) A 9) E 10) B 11) A 12) E

13) C 14) D 15) C 16) E 17) B 18) A

19) D 20) E 21) A 22) E 23) D 24) E

1999 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) B 3) A 4) C 5) D 6) B

7) E 8) D 9) B 10) A 11) C 12) D

13) B 14) E 15) A 16) D 17) A 18) C

19) D 20) B 21) C 22) C 23) A 24) B

1999 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) A 3) A 4) E 5) C 6) B

7) E 8) C 9) C 10) E 11) D 12) C

13) E 14) A 15) D 16) A 17) C 18) D

19) A 20) B 21) B 22) C 23) E 24) A

2000 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) C 6) D

7) D 8) A 9) E 10) C 11) E 12) B13) A 14) D 15) C 16) B 17) E 18) A

19) C 20) B 21) D 22) A 23) B 24) E

2000 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) A 3) B 4) E 5) A 6) C

7) B 8) E 9) B 10) A 11) E 12) D

13) B 14) E 15) A 16) C 17) B 18) E

19) C 20) D 21) C 22) B 23) A 24) D

2001 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) B 3) A 4) D 5) E 6) A

7) C 8) B 9) E 10) D 11) B 12) E

13) C 14) A 15) D 16) C 17) E 18) B

19) A 20) C 21) D 22) E 23) B 24) A

2001 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) D 3) C 4) A 5) B 6) E

7) A 8) B 9) E 10) C 11) D 12) C

13) A 14) B 15) E 16) E 17) B 18) C

19) A 20) D 21) C 22) A 23) C 24) D




2002 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) E 6) B

7) A 8) C 9) E 10) D 11) A 12) B

13) C 14) E 15) D 16) E 17) B 18) C

19) A 20) D 21) B 22) C 23) E 24) D

2002 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) E 2) C 3) B 4) D 5) D 6) A

7) B 8) C 9) A 10) B 11) E 12) C

13) A 14) B 15) C 16) A 17) E

2003 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) C 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) A

6) B 7) C 8) A 9) C 10) E

11) A 12) C 13) B 14) C 15) D

2003 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) C 3) B 4) E 5) D

6) C 7) D 8) B 9) A 10) E

11) D 12) A 13) C 14) D 15) E

2004 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) E 3) C 4) D 5) A

6) E 7) D 8) A 9) A 10) E

11) D 12) A 13) B 14) C 15) D

2004 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) E 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) B

6) D 7) A 8) C 9) E 10) D

11) B 12) A 13) E 14) D 15) B

2005 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) E 3) A 4) E 5) E

6) C 7) B 8) B 9) D 10) A

11) B 12) C 13) B 14) D 15) A

2005 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) B 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) C

6) E 7) D 8) C 9) D 10) B

11) C 12) E 13) A 14) E 15) B

2006 MAYIS DÖNEMİ

1) B 2) E 3) C 4) D 5) A

6) E 7) C 8) E 9) D 10) A

11) C 12) D 13) A 14) E 15) B

2006 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) B 2) D 3) A 4) C 5) D

6) C 7) E 8) B 9) E 10) B

11) A 12) B 13) C 14) E 15) D

2007 MAYIS DÖMENİ

1) A 2) E 3) C 4) B 5) D

6) A 7) C 8) A 9) D 10) B

11) E 12) D 13) A 14) E 15) D

2007 KASIM DÖNEMİ

1) D 2) C 3) A 4) E 5) C

6) B 7) D 8) E 9) C 10) A

11) E 12) D 13) C 14) A 15) B



KPDS’DE ÇIKMIŞ

KELİME-GRAMERSORULARI

1997 - 20071997 - 2007

KPDS.ORGKPDS.ORG

WWW.KPDS.ORG

Documents

KPDS ORG Tum Gramer Kelime Sorulari