KRASHEN’S HYPOTESES

7/28/2019 KRASHENS HYPOTESES

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KRASHENS HYPOTESES

MOHAMAD ARIF BIN ISHAK

TESL 3


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The Acquisition-Learning hypothesis

There are two ways of developing languageability.

1. The subconscious acceptance of knowledge

where information is stored in the brainthrough the use of communication; this is theprocess used for developing native languages.

2. Learning, on the other hand, is theconscious acceptance of knowledge about alanguage (i.e. the grammar or form).


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The Monitor Hypothesis

This hypothesis further explains how acquisitionand learning are used; the acquisition system,initiates an utterance and the learning system

monitors the utterance to inspect and correcterrors. Krashen states that monitoring can makesome contribution to the accuracy of anutterance but its use should be limited. He

suggests that the monitor can sometimes act asa barrier as it forces the learner to slow down andfocus more on accuracy as opposed to fluency.


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The Natural Order hypothesis

Learners acquire parts of language in a

predictable order. For any given language,

certain grammatical structures are acquired

early while others are acquired later in the

process. This hypothesis suggests that this

natural order of acquisition occurs

independently of deliberate teaching andtherefore teachers cannot change the order of

a grammatical teaching sequence.


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The Input hypothesis

This hypothesis suggests that languageacquisition occurs when learners receivemessages that they can understand, a concept

also known as comprehensibleinput. However, Krashen also suggests thatthis comprehensible input should be one stepbeyond the learners current language ability,

represented as i + 1, in order to allow learnersto continue to progress with their languagedevelopment.


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The Affective Filter hypothesis

One obstacle that manifests itself duringlanguage acquisition is the affective filter; that isa 'screen' that is influenced by emotionalvariables that can prevent learning.This

hypothetical filter does not impact acquisitiondirectly but rather prevents input from reachingthe language acquisition part of thebrain. According to Krashen the affective filter

can be prompted by many different variablesincluding anxiety, self-confidence, motivation andstress.

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KRASHEN’S HYPOTESES