Ks;h · iv kj Y%S ,xldjla i|yd Yla;su;a mokula ilia lsÍfï wruqfKka ls%hd;aul jk kj iyY%lfha m

i

.Ks;h

7 fY%aKsh

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khuyr.u2 0 0 8

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.Ks;h

7 fY%aKsh - .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khm%:u uqøKh( 2008

.Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=júoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGhcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khfjí wvúh : www. nie. lk

uqøKh(rcfha uqøK kS;s.; ixia:djmdÿlal" mdk¿j'

iii

wOHlaI ckrd,a;=udf.a mKsúvh

kj iyY%lfha m<uq úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh, j¾;udk mdi,a wOHdmk l%ufha

mj;sk .eg¨ lsysmhla uÕ yrjd .ekSu uq,a fldg ls%hd;aul fõ. is;Sfï yelshd" iudc

yelshd yd mqoa., yelshd ÿ¾j, ùu ksid wo ;reK msßia uqyqKmdk m%Yak y÷kd .ksñkao, ta i|yd fya;= mdol jk lreKq mshjfrka mshjr fidhd n,ñka o, tu ;;a;ajhka ch.ekSug wjYH miqìu iliñka o, fuu úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh ie,iqï lr ;sfí.

wdishd;sl l,dmfha rgj,a yd ii|k l< óg fmr wm rfÜ wOHdmkh m%uqL ia:dkhlmej;sKs. tfy;a wo fuu l,dmfha fndfyda rgj,a YS% ,xldj wNsnjd wOHdmksl jYfhkabosßhg f.dia ;sfí. okakd foa ixialrKhg, mQ¾jfhka ;SrKh lrK ,o foa bf.kqugyd mj;akd foa ta wdldrfhka u kej; f.dv ke.Sug, wOHdmksl wdh;k ld,hla ;=<wLKavj lghq;= lsÍu fï miqnEu i|yd n,mdk fya;= lsysmhla fõ.

fï ish¨ lreKq i,ld n,d meyeos,s o¾Ykhla Tiafia kj úIhud,d iïmdokhlsÍug cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kfha ks,OdÍka W;aidy ord we;. okakd foa fjkia lrñkao, w¨;a foa .fõIKh lrñka o, wkd.;hg wjYH foa f.dv kxjñka o, fyg ojfiaid¾:l;ajh i|yd iQodku m%o¾Ykh l< yels isiq msßila f.dvkexùu fuys uQ,sl wruqKfõ. tfy;a fï ;;a;aj idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd .=re N+ñldfõ lemS fmfkk fjkilawjYH nj wuq;=fjka lsjhq;= fkdfõ. fuf;la l,a wfma mx;sldurj, lemS fmkqKiïfm%aIK yd .kqfokq .=re N+ñld fjkqjg YsIH flak§%h, ksmqK;d mdol yd ls%hdldrlïfmrgq lr .;a mßKduk .=re N+ñldfõ iajremh uekúka jgydf.k tu N+ñldjgyqreùug fï wkqj YS% ,dxflah mdi,a .=rejrekag isÿ fõ'

kj ;;ajhkag wkq.; ùu i|yd wjYH Wmfoia rdYshla u we;=<;a fï .=re ud¾f.damfoaYix.%yh, kj iyY%lfha M,odhs .=rejrfhl= ùug Tng w;aje, imhkq we;ehs wms Wola uúYajdi lruq. fï Wmfoia mßYS,kfhka Tfí ffoksl b.ekaùfï lghq;= fukau we.hSïlghq;= o myiq lr .ekSug Tng wjldY ie,fikq we;. isiqka fjkqfjka bosßm;a jk.fõIK Wmfoia yd fjk;a .=Kd;aul fhojqï o .=re ld¾hh myiq lrùug fya;=jkqksiel h. tfiau ld,igykalrKfha oS, iSñ; iïm;a fnod oSfï oS yd wNHka;r wëlaIKj,oS m%fhdackj;aa úh yels jákd f;dr;=re /ila úÿy,am;sjreka fj; f.k heug o .=reud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh iydh fõ.

mdi,a uÜgfï by; i|yka md¾Yj yereK úg wdrïNl fyda wLKav .=re wOHdmk lghq;=j, kshef,k .=re wOHdmk{hskag yd .=re WmfoaYljrekag fukau ndysr wëlaIKyd kshduk jevigyka fufyhjk Oqrdj,sfha úúO uÜgïj, ks,Odßkag;a m%fhdackj;ajk mßos fuu ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh ilia lsÍug iDcqju odhl jQ cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kfha úoHd yd ;dlaIK wOHdmk mSGfha iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a wpd¾h whs't,a.sksf.a uy;añh m%Odk wks;=;a ks,Odßkag yd kka whqßka iïm;a odhl;ajh iemhq ndysrúoaj;=ka ish¨ fokdg udf.a m%Kduh ysñ fõ.

uydpd¾h fÊ' ví' úl%uisxywOHlaI ckrd,awOHlaI ckrd,awOHlaI ckrd,awOHlaI ckrd,awOHlaI ckrd,acd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iv

kj Y%S ,xldjla i|yd Yla;su;a mokula ilia lsÍfï wruqfKka ls%hd;aul jk kjiyY%lfha m<uq jk úIhud,d m%;sixialrKh .=re N+ñldfõ lemS fmfkk fjkilawfmalaId lrhs. fï i|yd wjYH iydh Wmßu uÜgñka .=rejrekag ,nd oSu i|yd iïmdokhlr ;sfnk fuu .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yhg my; i|yka m%Odk fldgia wh;a fõ.

• úia;rd;aul úIh ks¾foaYh• úIh ks¾foaYh ls%hd;aul lsÍug iydh jk ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh• bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh oS¾> lsÍfï WmlrK

úIh ud;Dldj,ska yd wkq ud;Dldj,ska Tíng hk iúia;r úIh ks¾foaYh, úIhud,djiïmdokh lsÍfï oS i,ld n,d ;sfnk uQ,sl ldrKd lsysmhla wjfndaO lr .ekSug.=rejrekag wjia:dj i,id fohs. kj úIh ks¾foaYhg mokï jQ idOl yd úIh wruqKqy÷kajd oSulska wdrïN jk fuu fldgig úIh ksmqK;d wkqj fm< .iajk ,o ksmqK;duÜgï we;=<;a lr ;sfí. isiqka úiska ixj¾Okh lr .; hq;= ta ta ksmqK;d uÜgu hgf;a;SrKh lrk ,o oekqï moku úIh ikaOdrh jYfhka y÷kajd oS we;s w;r tu úIhfldgia isiqkg mjrd oSug fhdod .kq ,nk nyq úO bf.kqï yd b.ekaùï l%u o i,ld n,dta ta ksmqK;d uÜgu i|yd .; jk ld, jljdkq ;SrKh lr ;sîu fuu fldgfiaúfYaI;ajh fõ. “mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka ’’hk uefhka bosßm;a lr we;s iúia;rúIh ks¾foaYfha wjidk fldgi iEu WmfoaYl kdhlhl= u uekúka lshjd n,d f;areï.; hq;a;ls' úIh b.ekaùu i|yd ld,h fjka lsÍfï oS b.ekaùï lghq;= .=rejrekagmejÍfï oS úIh iu.dó jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍfï oS fuka u .=re ld¾hh wêlaIKhlsÍfï oS o w;aje, imhk jákd Wmfoia iuQyhla fuu fldgi u.ska mdi,a l<ukdlrejkafj; iemfhhs'

.=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha fojk fldgi fhdað; bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh ms<sn|j meyeos,s wjfndaOhla .=rejrekag ,nd oSu wruqKq fldg ilia lr ;sfí' .=re N+ñldfõwfmalaIs; fjki fuka u ksmqK;d mdol wOHdmkhla hgf;a ls%hdldrlï ie,iqï lsÍfïl%u ms<sfj;a .=rejrekag y÷kajd oSfuka fï fldgi wrïN fõ' úIhud,dj ls%hd;aullsÍug wjYH ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh B<Õg bosßm;a lr we;;a fhdað; ls%hdldrlï ta whqßkau ls%hd;aul lsÍu .=rejrekaf.ka wfmalaId fkd flf¾' ta ta .=reNj;d i;= ks¾udKYS,s ydúpdrd;aul Ñka;k yelshd fhdod .ksñka tu ls%hdldrlï ;u mka;shg .e,fmk mßoswkqj¾;kh lr .ekSug .=rejreka fhduq úh hq;=hs. .fõIKhg ,la jk .eg¨fõ me;swkqj lKavdhï ilia lsÍfï Wmfoia ,nd oS ;snqK o mka;sfha YsIH ixLHdj u; lKavdhïixLHdj nqoaêu;a j ;SrKh lr .ekSu .=rejrhdf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= fõ'

ls%hdldrlïj,g ld,h fjka lr we;af;a wod< ksmqK;d uÜgï idlaId;a lr .; yelsmßoafoks' ta wkqj ñkska;= 40l ld,ÉfÊofhka neyer ùug .=rejrekag isÿ fõ' ta taksmqK;d uÜgu idlaId;a lr .ekSug m%udKj;a ld,hla ta ta ls%hdldrlu i|yd ,nd oS;sfnk w;r, ld,igyfka ;ks fyda oaú;aj ld,Éfþo m%fhdackhg .ksñka fuu ls%hdldrlïiqÿiq mßos fldgia lr ls%hd;aul lsÍu .=rejrekaf.ka wfmalaId flf¾' fmr oskl wdrïNlrk ,o ls%hdldrlula bosßhg f.k hk iEu wjia:djl oS u tf;la ksu lr we;sls%hdldrlï fldgia mka;shg ieflúka y÷kajd oSu fï ms<sfjf;a id¾:l;ajh i|ydwjYH fõ' tfia u .=rejreka ksjdvq ,nd .kakd wjia:dj, oS isiqka M,odhs bf.kqulfhoùug o fï ;SrKh mdi,a msßiaj,g wjia:dj i,id foa' úIh bf.kqu yd b.ekaùuiuia;hla f,i i,ld tys .=Kd;aul nj wdrlaId lr .ekSu i|yd wjYH jk .=Kd;aulfhojqï ,ehsia;=jla fï fldgfia wjidk wxYh f,i bosßm;a lr we;' wjYHbf.kqï - b.ekaùï øjH l,a we;sj weKjqï lr iQodkï lr ;eîug fï wkqj .=rejrekagyelshdj ,efí.

ix{dmkh

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úIh ks¾foaYfhka wfmalaIs; M, fk<d .ekSu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd jeo.;a jk bÕs rdYshlau ;lafiarej yd we.hSu kï jQ .=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha ;=kajk fldgig we;=<;a h.ta ta ls%hdldrlu hgf;a isÿ úh hq;= ;lafiarej yd we.hSu ls%hdldrlï ldKavhla mokïlr isÿ jk bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu oS¾> lsÍu yd fmdÿ úNd.j, oS n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yelsm%Yakj, iajNdjh hk ldrKd y÷kajd oSug fuu fldgi ieliS ;sfí' ta ta ls%hdldrlu;=< ;lafiarefõ yd we.hSfï fhosh yels wjia:d y÷kd f.k fmdÿ ks¾Kdhl fm<laweiqfrka fï ld¾hhka id¾:l lr .ekSu .=rejrekaf.a uQ,sl j.lSu f,i y÷kajd osh yelsh. ls%hdldrlï iuQyhla b,lal fldg bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu oS¾> lsÍu i|yd bosßm;a jkWmlrK lÜg,h ks¾foaYs; mka;sldur ieisj,ska neyer j wLKav bf.kqul fhoSugisiqkag wjldY i,id foa. tu WmlrK weiqfrka isiqka ,nk bf.kqu ksr;=re j mÍlaIdlrñka Tjqka osßu;a lsÍu .=re ld¾hh jk w;r ls%hdldrlï yd iïnkaO wjika M, ms<sn|j ie,ls,su;a fjñka ksjeros úksYaphkag t<ö u o" tu úksYaphka wod< md¾Yajhka fj;ikaksfõokh o" .=rejrekaf.ka wfmalaId flf¾. bf.kqï -b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sfha id¾:l;ajhi|yd fmdÿ úNd.j, o lemS fmfkk fjkila wksjd¾hfhka u isÿ úh hq;= hs. fujeksúNd.j,ska wjidk jk wOHdmksl uÜgï i|yd uQ,dlD;s m%Yak lsysmhla y÷kajd oSug YS%,xld úNd. fomd¾;fïka;=fõ iydh we;s j cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh lghq;= lr ;sfí.jkfmd;a lsÍu wdo¾Y m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSu jeks hdka;s%l l%uj,ska bf.kSu fjkqjgls%hdfjka yd w;aoelSï wdY%fhka bf.kSug isiqka fhduq lr .ekSu i|yd úNd. m%Yakj,fï fjki fhdackd lr ;sfnk ksid ta ms<sn| j mdi,a isiqka yd fouõmshka oekqj;a lsÍuo wdrïNfha oS u isÿ úh hq;= fõ.

lsishï ksmqK;d uÜgula idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd úúO ls%hdldrlï ilia l< yels njishü .=rejreka f;areï .; hq;= h. ta wkqj fhdað; ls%hdldrlï ta wdldrfhka u ls%hd;aullsÍu fjkqjg jvd fyd| m%fõY" .fõIK fuka u bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu oS¾> lsÍfï úúOWmlrK o fhdod .ksñka jvd id¾:l b.ekaùula i|yd Tjqka iQodkï úh hq;= hs' kjm%fõY yuqfõ .=rejreka wl¾uKH ùu j,lajd .ksñka .=re N+ñldfõ lemS fmfkkfjkila rg mqrd .=rejreka ;=< we;s lsÍug fuu ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yh .=rejrekag ffO¾himhkq we;. tfia u ls%hdldrlïj,ska Tíng hñka kj ks¾udKj, fhfok .=re Nj;=kaosß .ekaùug iy;sl yd úúO ixj¾Ok wjia:d ,nd oSug wms wfmalaId lruq .tu ;s<sKi|yd iqÿiqlï ,nkq jia .=rejreka l< hq;af;a fhdað; ls%hdldrlï ks¾udKYS,s Ñka;khfhdod jeä oshqKq lr bosßm;a lsÍuhs. uQ,sl ls%hdldrlï ie,iqfuka neyer j fufia ilialrkq ,nk bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ie,iqï iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a ^úIhud,d ixj¾Ok&úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh" uyr.u hk ,smskhg fhduq l< hq;= h'ta ta úIh lñgq ,jd tu ls%hdldrlï wOHhkh lrjd fï i|yd iqÿiaika f;aÍu miq j isÿlrkq we;.

kj l%ufõo u.ska bf.kqu" b.ekaùu" ;lafiarej yd we.hSu tl u fõosldjlg f.ktaug fufia wms W;aidy ord we;af;uq' bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh mdi,a mdol we.hSufuka u f.or jev mejreï o w¾:j;a j yiqrejd .ekSug fï wkqj .=rejrekag ke ;rïbv m%ia;d ,efnkq we;. fuu w;ajef,ka Wmßu m%fhdack ,nñka .;dkq.;sl bf.kqï ydb.ekaùï m%fõYj,ska neyer ù oefha ¥ mq;=kaf.a Ñka;k yelshd iudcuh yelshd fukaumqoa., yelshd o jeä oshqKq lsÍug YS% ,dxflah mdi,a wOHdmkh ls%hd;aul jkq we;ehs hkakwfma taldhk úYajdihhs'

wdpd¾h bkaosrd ,s,duks .sksf.aiyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a úIhud,d ixj¾Ok&úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGhcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

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WmfoaYkWmfoaYkWmfoaYkWmfoaYkWmfoaYkhhhhh((((( uydjd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxyuydjd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxyuydjd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxyuydjd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxyuydjd¾h fÊ' ví,sõ' úl%uisxy wOHlaI ckrd,a, cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wdpd¾h whs' t,a' .sksf.awdpd¾h whs' t,a' .sksf.awdpd¾h whs' t,a' .sksf.awdpd¾h whs' t,a' .sksf.awdpd¾h whs' t,a' .sksf.a iyldr wOHlaI ckrd,a ,úoHd yd ;dlaIK mSGh" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wOHlaIKhwOHlaIKhwOHlaIKhwOHlaIKhwOHlaIKh:,d,a' tÉ' úfÊisxy uhd,d,a' tÉ' úfÊisxy uhd,d,a' tÉ' úfÊisxy uhd,d,a' tÉ' úfÊisxy uhd,d,a' tÉ' úfÊisxy uhdwOHlaI, .Ks; fomd¾;fïka;=jcd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iïnkaëlrKiïnkaëlrKiïnkaëlrKiïnkaëlrKiïnkaëlrK:ví' tï' î' cdklS úfÊfialr ñh6 - 11 .Ks;h jHdmD;s lKavdhï kdhl

úIhud,d lñgqjúIhud,d lñgqjúIhud,d lñgqjúIhud,d lñgqjúIhud,d lñgqj(((((

ví' tï' î' cdklS úfÊfialr ñh m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Odß, cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kh

fla' .fkaI,sx.ï uhd m%Odk jHdmD;s ks,Odß, cd;sl wOHdmkwdh;kh

mS' mshkkao uhd jHdmD;s ks,Odß, cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

Ô' mS' tÉ' c.;a l=udr uhd jHdmD;s ks,Odß, cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

tï' tka' mS' mSßia ñh jHdmD;s ks,Odß, cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

Ô' t,a' lreKdr;ak uhd jHdmD;s ks,Odß, cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wdpd¾h ta' tï' hq' udïmsáh uhd le<Ksh úYajúoHd,h

wdpd¾h ã' wd¾' chj¾Ok ñh fld<U úYajúoHd,h

vii

mgqk

mßÉfÊoh msgqj

01 úIh ks¾foaYh 01

• ye¢kaùu 02-03

• .Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq 04-05

• ksmqK;d ksmqK;d uÜgï yd úIh ikaOdrh 06-13

• úIh f;aud yd wkaa;¾.;h w;r iïnkaOh 14-19

• mdvï wkql%uh 20

• mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka 21-22

02 bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%ufõoh 23

• ye|skaùu 24-26

• ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh 27-184

03 ;lafiarej yd we.hSu 185

• ye¢kaùu 186-187

• bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh oS¾> lsÍfï WmlrK 188-212

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úIh ks¾foaYhúIh ks¾foaYhúIh ks¾foaYhúIh ks¾foaYhúIh ks¾foaYh

2

ye|skaùu

6 isg 11 fY%aKsh f;la .Ks;h úIh bf.k .kakd isiqka ,Õd lr .; hq;= olaI;du; mokï j Tjqkag ,nd osh hq;= yelshd, l=i,;d, hy .=Kh yd iudcuh w;aoelSï mokïjQ Ôjk mqreÿ iuQyh ksmqK;d iuQyhla f,i y÷kdf.k tajd ta ta fY%aKsj,g .e,fmkwhqßka fm< .eiaùula lr we;. tu ksmqK;d ish,a,u 11 jeks fY%aKsh f;la .Ks;h úIhyodrd wjidk lrk isiqka <Õd flfr;ehs wfmalaId flf¾. tu ksmqK;d lrd isiqka <Õdlrjd .ekSu i|yd tu tla tla ksmqK;d i|yd ksmqK;d uÜgï o tajdg .e,fmk bf.kqïM, o ilia lr we;. 7 jeks fY%aKsfha .Ks;h bf.k .kakd isiqka <Õd lr .; hq;=ksmqK;d o tajdg .e,fmk ksmqK;d uÜgu o tu ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd <Õd lr ùug wjYHbf.kqï M, o fuu .%ka:fha we;=<;a lr ;sfí. tajd ish,a, 7 jeks fY%aKsfha .Ks;h úIhks¾foaYh f,i fjka lr y÷kd .ekSug yels jk whqßka fuys wvx.= lr we;. isiqka j tubf.kqï M, lrd <Õd lrùu i|yd ilia lrk ,o úIh wka;¾.;h o tu úIh wka;¾.;hu; mokï j bf.kSu, b.ekaùu yd ;lafiarej hk ls%hdj,sh ls%hd;aul lsÍug wjYHld,Éfþo ixLHdj o fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha we;=<;a lr we;. .Ks;h úIh iïnkaOfhkailia lr we;s ksmqK;d mdol kj .Ks;h úIh ks¾foaYh j¾I 2007 isg 6 iy 10 jeksfY%aKs fol i|yd ls%hd;aul fjñka mj;sk w;r j¾I 2008 isg 7 jk fY%aKsh i|yd fuuúIh ks¾foaYh ls%hd;aul lsÍug m%;sm;a;suh jYfhka ;SrK f.k ;sfí.

• oekqu yd l=i,;d• ikaksfõokh• iïnkaO;d oelSu• fya;= oelaùu• .eg¨q úi|Su

hk .Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq bgqjk wdldrhg fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha úIh ikaOdrhilia lr we;. .Ks;h yqfola oekqug muKla iSud fkdfldg m%dfhda.sl cSú;fha oS wjYHl=i,;d ,nd oSug o" hy .=K j¾Okh lr,Sug o úIh ks¾foaYfhka wfmalaIs; h. ksmqK;dmdol j ilia lr we;s fuu úIh ks¾foaYh u.ska bf.kqï b.ekaùï fidhd ne,Sïls%hdj,sh ls%hd;aul lsrSfï oS,

• isiqkg w¾:dkaú; wkdjrK (Meaningful Discovery) bf.kqï wjia:d ils%h

lsrSu ;=<ska bf.kSu jvd;a YsIH flaka§%h lr .; yels fõ.

• isiqkg Tjqkaf.a udkisl uÜgug .e,fmk úúO ksmqK;d ,nd .ekSug ydtajd cSú; ld,h ;=< u ixj¾Okh lr.; yels u. fmkaùSu ,efí.

• bf.kqï, b.ekaùï yd fidhd ne,sï wruqKq jvd;a meyeos,s fõ.

• .=rejrhdf.a b,lal jvd;a iqúfYaIs fõ.

• tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgï lrd isiqka <Õd ù we;s m%udKh .=rejrhdg yªkd.; yels fyhska wjYH m%;sfmdaIK yd bosrs fmdaIK lghq;= ixúOdkhlsrSug .=rejrhdg myiq fõ

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fuu .Ks; úIh ks¾foaYh mka;s ldurh ;=< ls%hd;aul lsrSfï oS ;j ÿrg;a ld,SkwjYH;d f,i i,ld we;s ud;Dld hgf;a úúO ixisoaê iïnkaO lr .ksñka b.ekaùïl%fudamdhhka ks¾udKh lr .; hq;= h.

6 iy 10 fY%aKs fol i|yd j¾I 2007 oS ls%hd;aul l< úIh ks¾foaY yryd isiqkag

w;aoelSï ,nd oSfï oS yªkd.;a .eg¨ ksrdlrKh lr .ksñka, fuu fY%aKsh .Ks;h úIhks¾foaYh ls%hd;aul lsÍu jvd;a M,odhs jkq we;. y÷kd.;a tjeks .eg¨ lSysmhla o tajdgms<shï jYfhka ls%hd;aul l< yels ld¾hhka lsysmhla o fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha “mdi,am%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka " hkqfjka i|yka lr we;s mßÉfÊofha we;=<;a lr we;.

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï - fidhd ne,sï ls%hdj,sfha oS isiqkag w;aoelSï ,nd oSu i|ydfhdað; ls%hdldrlï i|yd wjYH .=Kd;aul fhojqï, “bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh’’kï mßÉfÊofha ta ta ls%hdldrlï hgf;a i|yka lr we;'

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï - fidhdne,Sï ls%hdj,sfha oS tla tla ksmqK;d uÜgu i|ydls%hdldrlï ixúOdkh lr .ekSug bv i,iajd we;s neúka isiqka <Õd lr .kakdksmqK;d uÜgï ;lafiare lsÍug;a, Tjqka ms<sn| j we.hSula lsÍug;a, .=rejrekag myiqjkq we;' mdi,aj, .Ks;h b.ekaùu yd iïnkaO úúO ld¾hh bgq lr .ekSu i|ydWoõjk my; oelafjk wx.hka o fuu úIh ks¾foaYfha i|yka lr we;'

• .Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq.• bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%fudmdhhka.• mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jev igyka.• fhdað; b.ekaùï wkql%u yd ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj.• ksmqK;d mdol úIh ks¾foaYh.

• YsIHhdg w;HdjYH u .Ks; ixl,am yd ta yd ne÷Kq uQ,O¾u ixj¾Okh lr .ekSug wjia:d ,efí'

• .=rejrhdg .;dkq.;sl b.ekaùï l%uj,ska neyer fjñka mrsKduk N+ñldjg msúiSug yels fõ.

4

.Ks;h bf.kSfï wruqKq

lKsIaG oaú;sShsl wjêhg t,fUk isiqka ;=< f.dv ke.S we;s .Ks; ixl,am" ks¾udKd;aulyd úkaokd;aul yelshd ixj¾Okh lrñka Tjqka ;=< .Ks;uh Ñka;kh wjfndaOh ydl=i,;d úêu;a j f.dvkexùu i|yd my; i|yka wruqKq bgqúh hq;= hhs wfmalaId flf¾.

1. .Ks; ixl,am yd uQ,O¾u ms<sn| oekqu o .Ks; l¾u ms<sn| oekqu o u.skawd.Kk olaI;d j¾Okh lsÍu yd .Ks; .eg¨ wjfndaOfhka hq;=j úi£ugwjYH m%fõY yelshd ,nd §u.

2. jdÑl , ,sÅ;, rEmsl ,m%ia;dßl, uQ¾; yd ùÔh l%u Ndú;h ms<sn| ksmqK;dj¾Okh lr .ekSu u.ska ksjerÈ ikaksfõok yelshd f.dvkexùu.

3. jeo.;a .Ks;uh woyia yd ixl,am w;r iïnkaO;d f.dvk.ñka tajd wfkl=;aúIhhka yeoeÍug o wfkl=;a úIhhkays ixj¾Okhg fhdod .ekSug o tÈfkodÔú;h ksrjq,a j yd ;Dma;sula j .; lsÍug wod< jk YslaIK ud¾.hla f,i.Ks;h Wmfhda.S lr .ekSug o fhduq lsÍu.

4. .Ks;uh ixfoaYk(Conjectures) iy ixjdo f.dvke.Sug;a we.hSug;a wNHqykyd wfmdayk ;¾lk Ndú;h i|yd yelshd j¾Okh lsÍu.

5. wxl .Ks;uh fyda ixfla;uh fyda yeisÍïj,g muKla iSud fkdjq tÈfkodÔú;fha u;=jk yqre yd kqyqre .eg¨ iq;%.; lsÍug iy úi£ug .Ks;uh oekquyd Ys,aml%u Ndú; lsÍfï yelshd j¾Okh lsÍu.

1' oekqu iy l=i,;d1' oekqu iy l=i,;d1' oekqu iy l=i,;d1' oekqu iy l=i,;d1' oekqu iy l=i,;d

.Ks;h bf.kSfuka isiqka úiska uQ,sl l=i,;d ixl,am uQ,O¾u iy ls%hdud¾. idlaId;alr.kq ,eîu wfmalaId flf¾. wfkl=;a lafIa;%j, § .Ks;uh Ñka;kh fhdod .ekSui|yd jk fuj,ï f,i fyda .Ks;fha bÈß ld¾hhka i|yd mdol jk wdOdrl f,i fydafïjd Ndú; l< yels h. isiqka úiska lgmdvï lr.; hq;= fyda W.; hq;= fyda l=ukwkaofï l=i,;d iy oekSu o ;SrKh lsÍfï § ;dlaIKfha kQ;k ÈhqKqj is;ays ;nd f.ktfia lsÍu wjYH h. úoHd;aul .Kl iy ixfla; ld¾h hka;% (Symbolic Processes)tajdfha ,dN odhl ùu" jvd n,j;a ùu, iy jvd lD;s%u ùu ksid fcHIaG oaú;Shsl mdi,flfrys n,mEï lrhs.

2' ikaksfõokh2' ikaksfõokh2' ikaksfõokh2' ikaksfõokh2' ikaksfõokh

woyia ixlaIsma;j;a, ksYaph f,i;a ikaksfõokh lsÍfï iy ksfhdackh lsÍfï n,h.Ks;hg we;s fyhska th wfkl=;a YslaIKj, § Ndú; lsÍu úYd, jYfhka jeä ù we;.mdi,a úIhud,dfõ jeo.;a ixrplhla úh hq;af;a ixl,am iy w¾: oelaùu ms<sn| j isiqkafmdÿ tlÕ;djlg meñKSu ms<sn| j iy;sl ùu h. fuh jvd fyd¢ka idOkh lr .;yelafla jdÑl j iy ,sÅ; j woyia meyeÈ,s lsÍu" wkqudk jYfhka is;Su iy woyiayqjudrej i|yd isiqkag wjia:dj ie,iSfuks. fujeks ls%hdldrlï ;=<ska isiqka ;=<

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ksrEmK fyda wdlD;s ;=<ska .Ks;h bf.kSu ;=< u mj;sk fndfyda iïnkaO;d ms<sn|j isiqka oekqj;a ùu fï ksid jeo.;a nj ksoiqkla f,i oelaúh yels h. Ôj, fN!;sl iyiudc úoHd, l,d, ix.S;, jHdmdr iy tÈfkod Ôú;h jeks wfkl=;a lafIa;%j, § .eg¨úi£u i|yd .Ks;uh Ñka;kh iy wdlD;slrKh Ndú; lsÍu isiqka úiska y÷kd.; hq;=h. tfia u wmf.a ixialD;shg, foaYSh yd úfoaYSh fuka u j¾;udkfha iy w;S;fha §.Ks;h iïnkaO ù we;s whqre Tjqka wjfndaO lr.; hq;= h.

4' 4' 4' 4' 4' fya;= oelaùufya;= oelaùufya;= oelaùufya;= oelaùufya;= oelaùu

fmdÿ mdi,a úIhud,dj ;+< .Ks;h úIh flrys jeä wjOdkhla fhduq lsÍu i|ydfndfyda l,l isg mej;s ;¾lkh jkafka .Ks;h bf.kSfuka isiqkag meyeÈ,s iy;¾ldkql+, j is;Sug yelshdj ,efíh hkak h.

tfy;a .Ks;fhys wfmdayk ;¾lkh i|yd ;¾lk uQ,O¾u mokï jqj o wNHqykfhkaj¾Okh jq .Ks;h o fndfyda h. tkï rgd fidhd .ekSfuka iy miqj wfmdaykfhkaidOkh flfrk wkqñ;sj,sks. .Ks;fhys j¾Okh ùï isÿj we;af;a f,dalfhys úúOksÍlaIK, rgd y÷kd .ekSu, l,ams; f.dvke.Su iy m%fïhhka idOkh lsßu hk tajdfhawka;¾ ls%hd ;=<sks. .Ks;uh Ñka;kfha fuu úúOdx. ms<sn| j isiqka oekqj;a úh hq;= w;rtajd tlsfklg wod< l=i,;d j¾Okh lr.; hq;= h.

5' 5' 5' 5' 5' .eg¨ úi£u.eg¨ úi£u.eg¨ úi£u.eg¨ úi£u.eg¨ úi£u

hï YsIHhl= fyda YsIHdjl ksIamdok yelshdfjka hq;a ls%hdldß mqrjeisfhl= ùug kï Tyqfyda weh ;=< .eg¨ úi£fï yelshdj j¾Okh lsßu wjYH h. .eg¨ úi£u isiqka úiskawjg f,dalh ;=< .Ks;fhys we;s m%fhdack iy n,j;alu .ek ye.Sula we;s lr.kq ,nkfmdÿ úu¾Yk ud¾.hls. .Ks;fhys hïlsis m%úêhla újrKh lsßu i|yd jk tajdfha isgjerÈ f,i w¾: oelafjk ,o .Ks;uh wjia:djlg úi÷ula ,nd.ekSu i|yd Wiq,k ,oW;amdol Ñka;kh wjYH jk tajd f;la .eg¨ úúO úh yels h. iEu wjia:djl § uisiqkg tu wjêfha Tjqka i;= .Ks;uh oekSï ;=< .Ks;uh .eg¨ úi£fï yelshdj we;.fujeks W;aidyhka ys § isiqkaf.a id¾:l;ajh we.hSfï iy w.h lsÍï WÑ; m%úê j¾Okhl< hq;= w;r tajd úêu;a we.hSï jHqyh ;=<g ixhqla; l< hq;= h.

woyia yqjudrej iyfhda.S ld¾h iy talu;sl Ndjh ms<sn| l=i,;d j¾Okh iy;slflf¾. fïjd kQ;k jev mf<ys § Wiia jákdlula we;s l=i,;d f,i ie,fla.

3' 3' 3' 3' 3' iïnkaO;diïnkaO;diïnkaO;diïnkaO;diïnkaO;d

.Ks;h tal,s; (Isolated) wiïnkaê; i;Hhka iy ls%hdj,s Odrdjla f,i is;Sug

YsIHfhda fndfyda úg fm<fU;s. m%ia;dßl" ixLHd;aul, fN!;sl iy ùÔh wd§ úúO

.

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ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï

ksmqK;dj - 1ksmqK;dj - 1ksmqK;dj - 1ksmqK;dj - 1ksmqK;dj - 1tosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=<.ekSu i|yd ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=<.ekSu i|yd ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=<.ekSu i|yd ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=<.ekSu i|yd ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=<.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.

1.1 ixLHd w;r iïnkaO;d úu¾Ykh lrhss.

1.2 ixLHdjl idOl fiùug NdcH;d Í;sNdú; lrhss.

1.3 ixLHdj, idOl yd .=Kdldr fiùfïl%u úu¾Ykh lrhsss.

ksmqK;dj - 3ksmqK;dj - 3ksmqK;dj - 3ksmqK;dj - 3ksmqK;dj - 3tosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlrtosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlr.ekSu i|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=<.ekSu i|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=<.ekSu i|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=<.ekSu i|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=<.ekSu i|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=<.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.

3.1 Nd. yd oYu wdYs%; m%udKhka ii|hssss.

úIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;h

• iosY ixLHd• ixl,amh• wdl,kh

• NdcH;d Í;s^3ka, 4ka ,6ka yd 9kafnfok ixLHd&

• idOl yd .=Kdldr ^1000 f;la&• m%:ul idOl 100 f;la&• uyd fmdÿ idOlh ixLHd

;=kla f;la&• l=vdu fmdÿ .=Kdldrh

îxLHd ;=kla f;la&

• Nd. iei|Su• ñY% ixLHd rys;• wiïnkaê; yr iys;

^ yrh 12)≤• ñY% ixLHd ye|skaùu

• mßj¾;kh

^úIu Nd. ñY%

ixLHd &• oYu

^wka; oYu idudkH

Nd.&

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7 fY%aKsh -.Ks;h7 fY%aKsh -.Ks;h7 fY%aKsh -.Ks;h7 fY%aKsh -.Ks;h7 fY%aKsh -.Ks;hksmqK;dksmqK;dksmqK;dksmqK;dksmqK;d, ksmqK;d uÜgï ksmqK;d uÜgï ksmqK;d uÜgï ksmqK;d uÜgï ksmqK;d uÜgï, úIh ikaOdrh yd ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj úIh ikaOdrh yd ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj úIh ikaOdrh yd ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj úIh ikaOdrh yd ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj úIh ikaOdrh yd ld,ÉfÊo ixLHdj

ld,Éfþold,Éfþold,Éfþold,Éfþold,Éfþo

ixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

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3.2 Nd. .Ks; l¾uj, yiqrejhsss.

3.3 oYu .Ks; l¾uj, yiqrejhsss.

ksmqK;dj - 4ksmqK;dj - 4ksmqK;dj - 4ksmqK;dj - 4ksmqK;dj - 4tosfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydtosfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydtosfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydtosfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydtosfkod lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydwkqmd; fhdod .kshswkqmd; fhdod .kshswkqmd; fhdod .kshswkqmd; fhdod .kshswkqmd; fhdod .kshs.

4.1 fnod yod .ekSu i|yd wkqmd; fhdod.kshssss.

ksmqK;dj - 5ksmqK;dj - 5ksmqK;dj - 5ksmqK;dj - 5ksmqK;dj - 5m%;sY; fhdod .ksñka kQ;k f,dalfham%;sY; fhdod .ksñka kQ;k f,dalfham%;sY; fhdod .ksñka kQ;k f,dalfham%;sY; fhdod .ksñka kQ;k f,dalfham%;sY; fhdod .ksñka kQ;k f,dalfhaid¾:l f,i .kqfokq lrhssid¾:l f,i .kqfokq lrhssid¾:l f,i .kqfokq lrhssid¾:l f,i .kqfokq lrhssid¾:l f,i .kqfokq lrhss.

5.1 oYu ixLHd m%;sY;j,ska olajhssssss.

ksmqK;dj - 6ksmqK;dj - 6ksmqK;dj - 6ksmqK;dj - 6ksmqK;dj - 6,>q.Kl Nd .Kl Ndú;fhka tosfkod,>q.Kl Nd .Kl Ndú;fhka tosfkod,>q.Kl Nd .Kl Ndú;fhka tosfkod,>q.Kl Nd .Kl Ndú;fhka tosfkod,>q.Kl Nd .Kl Ndú;fhka tosfkodÔú;fha .eg¨ myiqfjkaÔú;fha .eg¨ myiqfjkaÔú;fha .eg¨ myiqfjkaÔú;fha .eg¨ myiqfjkaÔú;fha .eg¨ myiqfjkaúi|hsúi|hsúi|hsúi|hsúi|hs.

6.1 mdoh ùÔh wdldrfhka jQ n,hl w.hfidhhss.

ksmqK;dj - 7ksmqK;dj - 7ksmqK;dj - 7ksmqK;dj - 7ksmqK;dj - 7mßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñkamßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñkamßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñkamßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñkamßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñkaffoksl lghq;= M,odhS f,i bgqlr .kshs'ffoksl lghq;= M,odhS f,i bgqlr .kshs'ffoksl lghq;= M,odhS f,i bgqlr .kshs'ffoksl lghq;= M,odhS f,i bgqlr .kshs'ffoksl lghq;= M,odhS f,i bgqlr .kshs'

7.1 úúO wjYH;d i|yd os. wdYs%; ñkqï uQ,sl.Ks; l¾u hgf;a yiqrejhs.

7.2 ir, f¾Çh ;,rEmj, mßñ;sh fiùui|yd iQ;% Ndú; lrhss.


• Nd. tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu ñY% ixLHd iys;&

• oYu .=K lsÍu yd fnoSu• oyfha n,j,ska• mQ¾K ixLHdjlska

• wkqmd;hlg fnoSu ^fldgia ;=kla f;la&

• m%;sY; ixl,amh• oYu ixLHd m%;sY; f,i

• mdoh ùÔh ixfla; jQ n,ye|skaùu ixfla; folla yd

o¾Ylh y;rg wvq&• mdoh ùÔh ixfla; jQ n,

m%idrKh• mdoh ùÔh ixfla; jQ n,

i|yd wdfoaYh

• os. ñkqï• tl;= lsÍu, wvq lsÍu• .=K lsÍu; fnoSu

^mQ¾K ixLHdjlskamuKla&

• mßñ;sh i|yd iQ;%• ;s%fldaKh• iup;=ri%h• iDcqfldaKdi%h

ld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊoixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

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ksmqK;dj - 8ksmqK;dj - 8ksmqK;dj - 8ksmqK;dj - 8ksmqK;dj - 8j¾.M,h ms<sn| j úu¾Ykh lrñkaaj¾.M,h ms<sn| j úu¾Ykh lrñkaaj¾.M,h ms<sn| j úu¾Ykh lrñkaaj¾.M,h ms<sn| j úu¾Ykh lrñkaaj¾.M,h ms<sn| j úu¾Ykh lrñkaai Sñ; bvlv m %Yi a; uÜgñkai Sñ; bvlv m %Yi a; uÜgñkai Sñ; bvlv m %Yi a; uÜgñkai Sñ; bvlv m %Yi a; uÜgñkai Sñ; bvlv m %Yi a; uÜgñkam%fhdackhg .kshssm%fhdackhg .kshssm%fhdackhg .kshssm%fhdackhg .kshssm%fhdackhg .kshss.

8.1 ir, f¾Çh ;,rEmj, j¾.M,hms<sn| j úu¾Ykh lrhss.

ksmqK;dj - 9ksmqK;dj - 9ksmqK;dj - 9ksmqK;dj - 9ksmqK;dj - 9ialkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=jialkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=jialkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=jialkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=jialkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=jlghq;= lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrdlghq;= lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrdlghq;= lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrdlghq;= lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrdlghq;= lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd.kshs.kshs.kshs.kshs.kshs.

9.1 ialkaOh iïnkaO ñkqï uQ,sl .Ks;l¾u hgf;a yiqrejhss.

ksmqK;dj - 10ksmqK;dj - 10ksmqK;dj - 10ksmqK;dj - 10ksmqK;dj - 10mßudj ms<sn| j úpdrYS,sj lghq;=mßudj ms<sn| j úpdrYS,sj lghq;=mßudj ms<sn| j úpdrYS,sj lghq;=mßudj ms<sn| j úpdrYS,sj lghq;=mßudj ms<sn| j úpdrYS,sj lghq;=lrñka wjldYfha Wmßu M,odhs;djhlrñka wjldYfha Wmßu M,odhs;djhlrñka wjldYfha Wmßu M,odhs;djhlrñka wjldYfha Wmßu M,odhs;djhlrñka wjldYfha Wmßu M,odhs;djh,nd .kshs,nd .kshs,nd .kshs,nd .kshs,nd .kshs.

10.1 >kjia;= wjldYfha .kakd bv m%udK ms<sn| j úuis,su;a fjhs.


• j¾.M, i|yd iQ;%• iup;=ri%h• iDcqfldaKdi%h

• iïu; tall

• j¾.M,h ksudkh• ixhqla; ;, rEmj, j¾.M,h iup;=ri%h yd iDcqfldaKdi%h&

• ñ,s.a?ï yd .a?ï w;r iïnkaOh• ialkaO ksudkh• ialkaOh (mg, g, kg)

• tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu• .=K lsÍu ; fnoSu ^mQ¾K

ixLHdjlska muKla&

• mßudj >kl, >kldN&• ixl,amh• wNsu; tallj,ska mßudj• iïu; tallj,ska mßudj

• mßudj ksudkh

ld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊo

ixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

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ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;hld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊoixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

ksmqK;dj - 11ksmqK;dj - 11ksmqK;dj - 11ksmqK;dj - 11ksmqK;dj - 11

øøøøøj ñkqï ms<sn| j úpdrYS,s j lghq;=j ñkqï ms<sn| j úpdrYS,s j lghq;=j ñkqï ms<sn| j úpdrYS,s j lghq;=j ñkqï ms<sn| j úpdrYS,s j lghq;=j ñkqï ms<sn| j úpdrYS,s j lghq;=lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .kshs'

11.1 øj ñkqï , uQ,sl .Ks; l¾u hgf;a yiqrejhsss.

ksmqK;dj - 12ksmqK;dj - 12ksmqK;dj - 12ksmqK;dj - 12ksmqK;dj - 12ld,h l<uKdlrKh lrñka jevld,h l<uKdlrKh lrñka jevld,h l<uKdlrKh lrñka jevld,h l<uKdlrKh lrñka jevld,h l<uKdlrKh lrñka jevf,dalfha wjYH;d imqrd .kshsf,dalfha wjYH;d imqrd .kshsf,dalfha wjYH;d imqrd .kshsf,dalfha wjYH;d imqrd .kshsf,dalfha wjYH;d imqrd .kshs.

12.1 ld,h iïnkaO ñkqï , uQ,sl .Ks;l¾u hgf;a yiqrejhs.

ksmqK;dj - 13ksmqK;dj - 13ksmqK;dj - 13ksmqK;dj - 13ksmqK;dj - 13úúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkam%dfhda.sl wjia:d i|yd mßudK rEmm%dfhda.sl wjia:d i|yd mßudK rEmm%dfhda.sl wjia:d i|yd mßudK rEmm%dfhda.sl wjia:d i|yd mßudK rEmm%dfhda.sl wjia:d i|yd mßudK rEmNdú; lrhsNdú; lrhsNdú; lrhsNdú; lrhsNdú; lrhs.

13.1 mßirh weiqßka ,nd.;a os. wdYs%;ñkqï cHdñ;sl ;, rEmj,skaksrEmKh lrhsss.

ksmqK;dj - 14ksmqK;dj - 14ksmqK;dj - 14ksmqK;dj - 14ksmqK;dj - 14úúO l%u úê l%udkql+, jQ .fõIKhúúO l%u úê l%udkql+, jQ .fõIKhúúO l%u úê l%udkql+, jQ .fõIKhúúO l%u úê l%udkql+, jQ .fõIKhúúO l%u úê l%udkql+, jQ .fõIKhlrñka ùÔh m%ldYk iqlrñka ùÔh m%ldYk iqlrñka ùÔh m%ldYk iqlrñka ùÔh m%ldYk iqlrñka ùÔh m%ldYk iq¿ lrhs lrhs lrhs lrhs lrhs.

14.1 .Ks; l¾u y;r u we;=<;a ùÔhm%ldYk f.dv k.hssssss.

14.2 icd;Sh yd úcd;Sh mo we;=<;am%ldYk iq¿ lrhssssss.

• ñkqï tall

( ),ml l

• .=K lsÍu mQ¾K ixLHdjlska&• fnoSu mQ¾K ixLHdjlska&

• wêl wjqreoao" Y;l • ld,h iïnkaO ñkqï

• tl;= lsÍu• wvq lsÍu

• iqÿiq mßudK f;aÍu • ir, ;, rEm

• iDcqfldaKdi%h

• ùÔh m%ldYk• Nd. ix.=Kl iys;• .Ks; l¾u y;r u we;=<;a

• ùÔh m%ldYk• tl;= lsÍu, wvq lsÍu

îcd;Sh yd úcd;Sh mowe;=<;a &

• wdfoaYh mQ¾K ixLHd, n,yd uQ, we;=<;a fkdjk&

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ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;hld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊoixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

ksmqK;dj - 17ksmqK;dj - 17ksmqK;dj - 17ksmqK;dj - 17ksmqK;dj - 17to sfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;dto sfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;dto sfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;dto sfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;dto sfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;didlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd iólrKidlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd iólrKidlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd iólrKidlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd iólrKidlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd iólrKúi|Sfï l%u úê yiqrejhsúi|Sfï l%u úê yiqrejhsúi|Sfï l%u úê yiqrejhsúi|Sfï l%u úê yiqrejhsúi|Sfï l%u úê yiqrejhs.

17.1 tosfkod Ôú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|Su i|yd ir, iólrK fhdod .kshssss.

ksmqK;dj - 18ksmqK;dj - 18ksmqK;dj - 18ksmqK;dj - 18ksmqK;dj - 18Ôjk .eg¨ wdYs%; úúO rdYs w;rÔjk .eg¨ wdYs%; úúO rdYs w;rÔjk .eg¨ wdYs%; úúO rdYs w;rÔjk .eg¨ wdYs%; úúO rdYs w;rÔjk .eg¨ wdYs%; úúO rdYs w;rjq iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh lrhsjq iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh lrhsjq iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh lrhsjq iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh lrhsjq iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh lrhs.

18.1 fok ,o ixfrdaOl wkqj úp,Hj,g .; yels w.h iSud " rEmslj m%o¾Ykh lrhssssss.

ksmqK;dj - 19ksmqK;dj - 19ksmqK;dj - 19ksmqK;dj - 19ksmqK;dj - 19i Q; % fhdod.; yel s l %u úêiQ; % fhdod.; yel s l %u úêiQ; % fhdod.; yel s l %u úêiQ; % fhdod.; yel s l %u úêiQ; % fhdod.; yel s l %u úê.fõIKh lrñka to sfkod.fõIKh lrñka to sfkod.fõIKh lrñka to sfkod.fõIKh lrñka to sfkod.fõIKh lrñka to sfkodÔú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|hsÔú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|hsÔú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|hsÔú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|hsÔú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|hss'

19.1 ir, iQ;% f.dvk.hs.

• iólrK f.dvke.Su

• wdldrh

• iólrK úi|Su• .e,Sï igyka u.ska• ùÔh l%u u.ska

• wiudk;d úi|Su

• wdldrh

• wdldrh

• ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ksrEmKh

•

wdldrfha úi÷ï ksÅ, jk

• ir, iQ;% f.dvke.Su^úp,H ;=kla f;la&

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ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;h

• ldáiSh ;,h• ,laIH ,l=Kq lsÍu• mámdá.; hq., ^m<uq jD;a;

mdolh ;=< muKs&

• fldaK ixl,amh• iaÓ;sl• .;sl

• fldaK• we|Su• kï lsÍu• uekSu

• fldaKhl úYd,;ajh wxYlj,ska&• iDcqfldaKh• ir, fldaKh

• iudka;r f¾Ld• ixl,amh• we|Su úys; p;=ri%

Ndú;h&• msßlaiSu

• wdlD;s• iup;=ri% msrñv• ;s%fldaK ms%iau

• Ths,¾ iïnkaOh• >k jia;= i|yd

ld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊoixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

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ksmqK;dj - 20ksmqK;dj - 20ksmqK;dj - 20ksmqK;dj - 20ksmqK;dj - 20úúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñkaúp,H folla w;r mj;skúp,H folla w;r mj;skúp,H folla w;r mj;skúp,H folla w;r mj;skúp,H folla w;r mj;skwfkHdkH iïnkaO;dwfkHdkH iïnkaO;dwfkHdkH iïnkaO;dwfkHdkH iïnkaO;dwfkHdkH iïnkaO;dmyiqfjkaa ikaksfõokh lrhsmyiqfjkaa ikaksfõokh lrhsmyiqfjkaa ikaksfõokh lrhsmyiqfjkaa ikaksfõokh lrhsmyiqfjkaa ikaksfõokh lrhs .

20.1tlsfklg ,ïn wlaI follg idfmalaI j hï ia:dkhl

msysàu ú.%y lrhss.

ksmqK;dj - 21ksmqK;dj - 21ksmqK;dj - 21ksmqK;dj - 21ksmqK;dj - 21úúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;dúúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;dúúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;dúúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;dúúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;dúu¾Ykh lrhssúu¾Ykh lrhssúu¾Ykh lrhssúu¾Ykh lrhssúu¾Ykh lrhss.

21.1 iaÓ;sl yd .;sl ixl,amweiqfrka fldaK ú.%y lrhssss.

21.2 fld aKj, m %udKd;aulw.hka úu¾Ykh lrhssss.

21.3 ir, f¾Ld hq.,hliudka;r;dj úuihsssss.

ksmqK;dj - 22ksmqK;dj - 22ksmqK;dj - 22ksmqK;dj - 22ksmqK;dj - 22úúO >k ji a; = m s< sn| júúO >k ji a; = m s< sn| júúO >k ji a; = m s< sn| júúO >k ji a; = m s< sn| júúO >k ji a; = m s< sn| j.fõIKh lrñka kj.fõIKh lrñka kj.fõIKh lrñka kj.fõIKh lrñka kj.fõIKh lrñka kjks¾udKlrKfha fhfohsks¾udKlrKfha fhfohsks¾udKlrKfha fhfohsks¾udKlrKfha fhfohsks¾udKlrKfha fhfohs.

22.1 >k jia; =j, = wdlD;sks¾udKh lrhs.

22.2 >k jia;=j,= wx. w;r in|;dúuihs.

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ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;h ld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊoixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

ksmqK;dj - 23ksmqK;dj - 23ksmqK;dj - 23ksmqK;dj - 23ksmqK;dj - 23ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHdñ;slir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHdñ;slir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHdñ;slir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHdñ;slir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHdñ;slixl,am mokï lrixl,am mokï lrixl,am mokï lrixl,am mokï lrixl,am mokï lr .ksñka tosfkod.ksñka tosfkod.ksñka tosfkod.ksñka tosfkod.ksñka tosfkodÔú;fha lgh q; = i|yd wjYHÔú;fha lgh q; = i|yd wjYHÔú;fha lgh q; = i|yd wjYHÔú;fha lgh q; = i|yd wjYHÔú;fha lgh q; = i|yd wjYHks.ukj,g t<fThssks.ukj,g t<fThssks.ukj,g t<fThssks.ukj,g t<fThssks.ukj,g t<fThss.

23'1 úúO ,laIK mokï lr .ksñkair, f¾Çh ;, rEm kï lrhss.

23'2 nyq wi%, yev wkqj j¾.SlrKh lrhsss.

ksmqK;dj - 25'ksmqK;dj - 25'ksmqK;dj - 25'ksmqK;dj - 25'ksmqK;dj - 25'úúO yevj, ,laIK .fõIKhúúO yevj, ,laIK .fõIKhúúO yevj, ,laIK .fõIKhúúO yevj, ,laIK .fõIKhúúO yevj, ,laIK .fõIKhlrñkaa a a a a a wjg mßirfha w,xldr;ajhlrñkaa a a a a a wjg mßirfha w,xldr;ajhlrñkaa a a a a a wjg mßirfha w,xldr;ajhlrñkaa a a a a a wjg mßirfha w,xldr;ajhlrñkaa a a a a a wjg mßirfha w,xldr;ajhmsßlaihs 'msßlaihs 'msßlaihs 'msßlaihs 'msßlaihs '

25'1 jia;+kaf.a iuñ;sl .=K úuihsssss.

ksmqK;dj - 26ksmqK;dj - 26ksmqK;dj - 26ksmqK;dj - 26ksmqK;dj - 26w,xlrKh i|yd cHdñ;sl yev ;,w,xlrKh i|yd cHdñ;sl yev ;,w,xlrKh i|yd cHdñ;sl yev ;,w,xlrKh i|yd cHdñ;sl yev ;,w,xlrKh i|yd cHdñ;sl yev ;,fhdod .; yels l%ufhdod .; yels l%ufhdod .; yels l%ufhdod .; yels l%ufhdod .; yels l%u úê úu¾Ykhúê úu¾Ykhúê úu¾Ykhúê úu¾Ykhúê úu¾Ykhlrhslrhslrhslrhslrhs.

26'1 cHdñ;sl yev;, we;sßh yels l%uúuihs.

ksmqK;dj - 27ksmqK;dj - 27ksmqK;dj - 27ksmqK;dj - 27ksmqK;dj - 27cHdñ;sl k shuhka wk qj wjgcHdñ;sl k shuhka wk qj wjgcHdñ;sl k shuhka wk qj wjgcHdñ;sl k shuhka wk qj wjgcHdñ;sl k shuhka wk qj wjgmßirfha msysàïj, iajNdjhkamßirfha msysàïj, iajNdjhkamßirfha msysàïj, iajNdjhkamßirfha msysàïj, iajNdjhkamßirfha msysàïj, iajNdjhkaúYaf,aIKh lrhsúYaf,aIKh lrhsúYaf,aIKh lrhsúYaf,aIKh lrhsúYaf,aIKh lrhs.27.1 jD;a; weiqfrka fudaia;r ks¾udKh

lrhs.

27.2 ;, rEm ks¾udKh lrhssssssss.

• ;s%fldaK j¾.• fldaK wkqj• mdo wkqj

• nyq wi% j¾.SlrKh• W;a;,• wj;,• iúê

• oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ;sh• ixl,amh• iuñ;s wlaI

• fgi,dlrKh• ixl,amh• Y+oaO fgi,dlrKh

• jD;a;h• ljlgqj u.ska fudaia;r we|Su• flakaøh• wrh• úYalïNh

• ;, rEm• f¾Ld LKav• iumdo ;s%fldaK• iúê Ivi%

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ksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgïksmqK;d yd ksmqK;d uÜgï úIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;húIh wkaa;¾.;h ld,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊold,ÉfÊoixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdjixLHdj

ksmqK;dj - 28ksmqK;dj - 28ksmqK;dj - 28ksmqK;dj - 28ksmqK;dj - 28o; a; k srEmKh lsÍfï úúO l%uo;a; k srEmKh lsÍfï úúO l%uo;a; k srEmKh lsÍfï úúO l%uo;a; k srEmKh lsÍfï úúO l%uo;a; k srEmKh lsÍfï úúO l%uúu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;= myiqúu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;= myiqúu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;= myiqúu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;= myiqúu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;= myiqlr .kshslr .kshslr .kshslr .kshslr .kshs.

28.1 o;a; úúO l%u u.ska ksrEmKh lrhsssssss.

ksmqK;dj - 29ksmqK;dj - 29ksmqK;dj - 29ksmqK;dj - 29ksmqK;dj - 29ffoksl lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydffoksl lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydffoksl lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydffoksl lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydffoksl lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|ydo;a; úúO l%u u.ska úYaf,aIKh lrñkaao;a; úúO l%u u.ska úYaf,aIKh lrñkaao;a; úúO l%u u.ska úYaf,aIKh lrñkaao;a; úúO l%u u.ska úYaf,aIKh lrñkaao;a; úúO l%u u.ska úYaf,aIKh lrñkaamqfrdal:kh lrhssmqfrdal:kh lrhssmqfrdal:kh lrhssmqfrdal:kh lrhssmqfrdal:kh lrhss.

29'1 o;a;j, úisÍu ú.%y lrhssssssss.

ksmqK;dj - 30ksmqK;dj - 30ksmqK;dj - 30ksmqK;dj - 30ksmqK;dj - 30tosfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= myiq lrtosfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= myiq lrtosfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= myiq lrtosfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= myiq lrtosfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= myiq lr.ekSu i|yd l=,l wdY%s; uq,O¾u.ekSu i|yd l=,l wdY%s; uq,O¾u.ekSu i|yd l=,l wdY%s; uq,O¾u.ekSu i|yd l=,l wdY%s; uq,O¾u.ekSu i|yd l=,l wdY%s; uq,O¾uyiqrejhsyiqrejhsyiqrejhsyiqrejhsyiqrejhs.

30'1 tlu ,laIKhla iys; ldKav úúOl%u u.ska ksrEmKh lrhssssssss.

ksmqK;dj - 31ksmqK;dj - 31ksmqK;dj - 31ksmqK;dj - 31ksmqK;dj - 31wkd.; isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍu i|ydwkd.; isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍu i|ydwkd.; isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍu i|ydwkd.; isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍu i|ydwkd.; isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍu i|ydisÿùul úh yelshdj úYaf,aIKh lrhsisÿùul úh yelshdj úYaf,aIKh lrhsisÿùul úh yelshdj úYaf,aIKh lrhsisÿùul úh yelshdj úYaf,aIKh lrhsisÿùul úh yelshdj úYaf,aIKh lrhs.

31.1 m%%udKd;aul w.hka mokï lr .ksñkamÍlaIK u; isÿùul úh yelshdjks¾Kh lrhs.

• m%ia;dr• ;Sr• nyq ;Sr

• jDka; m;% igyk

• wju w.h• Wmßu w.h• mrdih

• l=,l ixl,amh• wjhj ,sùu

• l=,l ksrEmKh• fjka rEm u.ska

• mÍlaIK• fkdkeUqre• keUqre

• 0 - 1 mßudKh

04

03

05

05

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bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,wkaa;¾.;hwkaa;¾.;hwkaa;¾.;hwkaa;¾.;hwkaa;¾.;h

7 fY%aKsh- .Ks;húIh f;aud yd wka;¾.;h w;r iïnkaOhúIh f;aud yd wka;¾.;h w;r iïnkaOhúIh f;aud yd wka;¾.;h w;r iïnkaOhúIh f;aud yd wka;¾.;h w;r iïnkaOhúIh f;aud yd wka;¾.;h w;r iïnkaOh

1 1 1 1 1.00000 ixLHdixLHdixLHdixLHdixLHd 1 1 1 1 1.1' iosY ixLHd1' iosY ixLHd1' iosY ixLHd1' iosY ixLHd1' iosY ixLHd

• ixl,amh• wdl,kh

1 1 1 1 1.2' NdcH;dj2' NdcH;dj2' NdcH;dj2' NdcH;dj2' NdcH;dj

1 1 1 1 1.3' idOl yd .=Kdldr3' idOl yd .=Kdldr3' idOl yd .=Kdldr3' idOl yd .=Kdldr3' idOl yd .=Kdldr

• m%:ul idOl

• uyd fmdÿ idOlh

• l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh

1 1 1 1 1.4'Nd.4'Nd.4'Nd.4'Nd.4'Nd.• ixikaokh

• ñY% ixLHd ixl,amh

• ñY% ixLHd úIu Nd.

• úIu Nd. ñY% ixLHd

• Nd. tl;= lsÍu; wvq lsßu

1 1 1 1 1.5'oYu5'oYu5'oYu5'oYu5'oYu• oYu idudkH Nd.

• oyfha n,j,ska .=K lsÍu; fnoSu

• mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=K lsÍu; fnoSu

1 1 1 1 1.6'6'6'6'6' wkqmd;wkqmd;wkqmd;wkqmd;wkqmd;• wkqmd;hlg fnoSu

• iosY ixLHd y÷kd .kshsss'• iosY ixLHd tl;= lrhss.

• ixLHdjla ;=fkka, y;frka, yfhkaiy kjfhka fnfoa oehs mÍlaId lrhss.

• ixLHdj, idOl yd .=Kdldr fidhhs.^1000 f;la ixLHdj,&

• ixLHdj, m%:ul idOl fidhhs.^100 f;la ixLHdj,&

• ixLHdj, uyd fmdÿ idOlh fidhhss.îxLHd ;=kla f;la&

• ixLHdj, l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrhfidhhss. ixLHd ;=kla f;la&

• ñY% ixLHd iys; wiïnkaê; yr iys;Nd. ii|hs. yrh 12 &

• ñY% ixLHd y÷kd .kshss.

• ñY% ixLHd úIu Nd. f,i ,shhs.

• úIu Nd. ñY% ixLHd f,i ,shhss.

• ñY% ixLHd iy Nd. tl;= lrhs; wvqlrhss.

• oYu idudkH Nd. f,i ,shhs. wka;oYu&

• oYu ixLHdjla oyfha n,j,ska .=Klrhs; fnohss.

• oYu ixLHdjla mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=Klrhs ; fnohs

• rdYs wkqmd;hlg wkqj fnod olajhs.^;=kla f;la&

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1 1 1 1 1.77777 m%;sY;m%;sY;m%;sY;m%;sY;m%;sY;• m%;sY; ixl,amh• oYu ixLHd

→

m%;sY;

11111.88888 o¾Ylo¾Ylo¾Ylo¾Ylo¾Yl• mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jq n,

• mdoh ùÔh jq n, m%idrKh

• mdoh ùÔh jq n, i|yd wdfoaYh

22222.00000 ñkqïñkqïñkqïñkqïñkqï22222.11111 os.os.os.os.os.

• tl;= lsÍu, wvq lsÍu • .=K lsÍu, fnoSu

• iQ;% Ndú;fhka ;, rEmj, mßñ;sh fiùu

22222.22222 j¾.M,hj¾.M,hj¾.M,hj¾.M,hj¾.M,h

• iïu; tall

• ksudkh• iQ;% Ndú;fhka ;, rEmj,

j¾.M,h• ixhqla; ;, rEmj, j¾.M,h

22222.33333 ialkaOhialkaOhialkaOhialkaOhialkaOh• tall

• mßj¾;kh

• ksudkh

• tl;= lsÍu; wvq lsÍu

• .=K lsÍu; fnoSu

• m%;sY; ixl,amh wjfndaO lr .kshs' • oYu ixLHd m%;sY; f,i ,shd olajhs'

• mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jq n, y÷kd .kshs' ^ ixfla; folla yd o¾Yl y;rg wvq& • mdoh ùÔh ixfla; jq n, m%idrKh lrhs' • mdoh ùÔh ixfla; jq n, i|yd

wdfoaY lrhs'

• os. wdYs; ñkqï tl;= lrhs; wvq lrhs' • È. wdYs%; ñkqï .=K lrhs; fnohs ^mQ¾K ixLHdjlska muKs&

• ;s%fldaK,iup;=ri% yd iDcqfldaKdi%j, mßñ;sh fiùu i|yd iQ;% Ndú; lrhs'

• iïu; tall y÷kd .kshs'• j¾.M,h ksudkh lrhs'• iup;=ri% yd iDcqfldaKdi%j, j¾.M, fiùu i|yd iQ;% Ndú; lrhs'• iDcqfldaKdi% iup;=ri% iys; ixhqla; ;,rEmj, j¾.M,h fidhhs'

• ialkaOh uekSu i|yd mg, g Ndú; lrhs'• ñ,s.a?ï yd .a?ï w;r iïnkaOh

y÷kd .kshs'• ialkaOh ksudkh lrhs'

• mg, g, kg we;=<;a ialkaO tl;= lrhs' wvq lrhs'• mg, g, kg we;=<;a ialkaO .=K lrhs' fnohs ' ^mQ¾K ixLHdj,ska muKs&

wka;¾.;hwka;¾.;hwka;¾.;hwka;¾.;hwka;¾.;h bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,

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wka;¾.;hwka;¾.;hwka;¾.;hwka;¾.;hwka;¾.;h

22222.4 mrsudj4 mrsudj4 mrsudj4 mrsudj4 mrsudj• ixl,amh

• tall wNsu;&

• tall

• ksudkh

22222.55555 øj ïkqïøj ïkqïøj ïkqïøj ïkqïøj ïkqï• .=K lsÍu' fnoSu

22222.66666 ld,hld,hld,hld,hld,h• wêl wjqreoao ixl,amh• Y;lh ixl,amh• tl;= lsÍu, wvq lsÍu

22222.77777 mßudK rEmmßudK rEmmßudK rEmmßudK rEmmßudK rEm• mßudK f;aÍu• we|Su

33333.0 ùc .Ks;h0 ùc .Ks;h0 ùc .Ks;h0 ùc .Ks;h0 ùc .Ks;h

33333.1 ùÔh m%ldYk1 ùÔh m%ldYk1 ùÔh m%ldYk1 ùÔh m%ldYk1 ùÔh m%ldYk• f.dvke.Su

• tl;= lsÍu' wvq lsÍu

• wdfoaYh

33333.22222 iólrKiólrKiólrKiólrKiólrK• f.dvke.Su

• úi|Su

• mrsudj ms<sn| ixl,amh wjfndaO lr.kshs' >kl ,>kldN&

• mrsudj uekSu i|yd wNsu; tall Ndú;lrhss.

• mrsudj uekSu i|yd iïu; tall Ndú;lrhs.

• mßudj ksudkh lrhssss.

• ml, l we;=<;a øj mßud .=K lrhs' fnohs^mQ¾K ixLHdj,ska muKs&

• wêl wjqreoao y÷kd .kshss.• Y;lh y÷kd .kshs.• ld,h iïnkaO ñkqï tl;= lrhssss; wvq

lrhs'

• iqÿiq mßudK f;darhssssss'• iDcqfldaKdi%hl mßudK rEmh w|shs'

• .Ks; l¾u y;ru we;=<;a ùÔhm%ldYk f.dvk.hs' ^Nd. ix.=Kl

iys;&

• icd;Sh yd úcd;Sh mo we;=<;a ùÔhm%ldYk tl;= lrhs' wvq lrhssss.

• mQ¾K ixLHd wdfoaY lrñka ùÔh m%ldYkhla w.hlg mßj¾;kh lrhs. úp,H tllg jeä n, yd uQ, we;=<;a fkdjk&• fok ,o o;a; wkqj iólrK

f.dvk.hs. wdldr&

• .e,Sï igyka Ndú;fhka iólrK úi|hs.• ùÔh l%u u.ska iólrK úi|hss.

bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,

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3 3 3 3 3.33333 wiudk;d wiudk;d wiudk;d wiudk;d wiudk;d

• úi|Su

• úi÷ï ixLHd f¾Ldjla u;ksrEmKh

33333.4 iQ;%4 iQ;%4 iQ;%4 iQ;%4 iQ;%• f.dvke.Su

33333.55555 ldáiSh ;,hldáiSh ;,hldáiSh ;,hldáiSh ;,hldáiSh ;,h• ,laIH ,l=Kq lsÍu

• mámdá.; hq.,

4 4 4 4 4.00000 cHdñ;shcHdñ;shcHdñ;shcHdñ;shcHdñ;sh

44444.1 fldaK1 fldaK1 fldaK1 fldaK1 fldaK• ixl,amh

• we|Su• kï lsÍu• uekSu

• fldaKhl úYd,;ajh ^wxYlj,ska&

44444.2 iudka;r f¾Ld2 iudka;r f¾Ld2 iudka;r f¾Ld2 iudka;r f¾Ld2 iudka;r f¾Ld• ixl,amh

• we|Su

• msßlaiSu

bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,bf.kqï M,

• wdldrfha wiudk;d

úi|hsssss.• by; wdldrfha wiudk;dj, úi÷ï

ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; ksrEmKh lrhsss'^úi÷ï ksÅ,uh wjia:d muKs&

• úp,H ;=kla f;la ir, i Q; %f.dvk.hs.

• ldáiSh ;,hl ,laIH ,l=Kq lrhss.

• ldáiSh ;,h u; msysá ,laIHhlamámdá.; hq.,hla u.ska ,shd olajhs.^m<uq jD;a; mdolh muKs&

• iaÓ;sl yd .;sl ixl,amh weiqfrkafldaK y÷kd .kshs' oS we;s úYd,;ajhwkqj&

• fldaK w|shsssssss'• oS we;s fldaK kï lrhs.• oS we;s fldaK ukshs.

• iDcqfldaKdi%hl úYd,;ajh la yd

ir, fldaKhl úYd,;ajh la nj

y÷kd .kshs.

• iudka;r f¾Ld ms<sn| ixl,amhwjfndaO lr .kshsssssss.

• iudkaa;r f¾Ld w|shs' ^úys; p;=ri%Ndú;fhka &

• f¾Ldj, iudka;r;dj msßlaihsssssss.

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44444.33333 >k jia;=• ks¾udKh

• Ths,¾ iïnkaOh

44444.44444 ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmir, f¾Çh ;, rEmir, f¾Çh ;, rEmir, f¾Çh ;, rEmir, f¾Çh ;, rEm

• fldaK wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾.lsÍu

• mdo wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾. lsÍu

• nyq wi% j¾.SlrKh lsÍu

44444.55555 iuñ;shiuñ;shiuñ;shiuñ;shiuñ;sh• ixl,amh

• iuñ;s wlaI

44444.66666 fgi,dlrKhfgi,dlrKhfgi,dlrKhfgi,dlrKhfgi,dlrKh• ixl,amh

• Y=oaO fgi,dlrKh

44444.77777 jD;a;jD;a;jD;a;jD;a;jD;a;• jD;a; fudaia;r

• jD;a;hl wx.

• wdlD;s ks¾udKh lrhs. îup;=ri%msrñv, ;s%fldaK ms%iau&

• odr, YS¾I yd uqyqK;a weiqfrka Ths,¾ iïnkaOh f.dvk.hsssss.

• fldaK wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾. kï lrhssss.

• mdo wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾. kï lrhssssss.

• nyq wi% j¾.SlrKh lrhssssssss' W;a;,, wj;,, iúê&

• oaú md¾Yaúl iuñ;sh ms<sn| ixl,amh wjfndaO lr .kshs.

• iuñ;s wlaI y÷kd .kshsssssss.

• fgi,dlrKh ms<sn| ixl,amhwjfndaO lr .kshs.

• Y=oaO fgi,dlrKh y÷kd .kshsssssss.

• ljlgqj Ndú;fhka jD;a; fudaia;r ks¾udKh lrhsssssssss.

• jD;a;hl flakaøh, wrh, úYalïNh y÷kd .kshsssssssss.

bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M,

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wkaaa;¾.;h wkaaa;¾.;h wkaaa;¾.;h wkaaa;¾.;h wkaaa;¾.;h

4 4 4 4 4.88888 ks¾udKks¾udKks¾udKks¾udKks¾udK• f¾Ld LKav• iumdo ;s%fldaK• iúê Ivi%

5 5 5 5 5.00000 ixLHdkhixLHdkhixLHdkhixLHdkhixLHdkh

55555.11111 o;a; ksrEmKh o;a; ksrEmKh o;a; ksrEmKh o;a; ksrEmKh o;a; ksrEmKh • ;Sr m%ia;dr u.ska

• nyq ;Sr m%ia;dr u.ska

• jDka; m;% igyk u.ska

55555.22222 o;a; w¾:l:kho;a; w¾:l:kho;a; w¾:l:kho;a; w¾:l:kho;a; w¾:l:kh

• wju w.h

• Wmßu w.h

• mrdih

66666.00000 l=,l yd iïNdú;djl=,l yd iïNdú;djl=,l yd iïNdú;djl=,l yd iïNdú;djl=,l yd iïNdú;dj

66666.11111 l=,ll=,ll=,ll=,ll=,l

• ixl,amh

• l=,lhl wjhj

• fjka rEm u.ska ksrEmKh

66666.22222 iïNdú;djiïNdú;djiïNdú;djiïNdú;djiïNdú;dj• mÍlaIK y÷kd .ekSu

• 0 - 1 mßudKh

bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M, bf.kqï M,

• f¾Ld LKav ks¾udKh lrhss'• iumdo ;s%fldaK ks¾udKh lrhss'• iúê Ivi% ks¾udKh lrhss'

• ;Sr m%ia;dr u.ska o;a; ksrEmKh lrhsss'

• nyq ;Sr m%ia;dr u.ska o;a; ksrEmKhlrhss'

• jDka a; m;% igyk u.ska o;a;ksrEmKh lrhs'

• o;a; iuQyhl wju w.h y÷kd .kshsss.

• o;a; iuQyhl Wmßu w.h y÷kd .kshs.

• o;a; iuQyhl mrdih ,shd olajhssssssss.

• l=,l ixl,amh wjfndaO lr .kshsssssss.

• l=,lhl wjhj ,shd olajhssssssss.

• fjka rEm u.ska l=,l ksrEmKh lrhsssssss.

• keTqre, fkdkeTqre mÍlaIK y÷kd.kshs'

• 0 - 1 mßudKh wkqj ,l=Kq m%odkhlrhs'

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mdvï wkql%uh ksmqK;d uÜgï yd ld,ÉfÊo .Kk

wka;¾.;h ksmqK;d ld,ÉfÊowka;¾.;h ksmqK;d ld,ÉfÊowka;¾.;h ksmqK;d ld,ÉfÊowka;¾.;h ksmqK;d ld,ÉfÊowka;¾.;h ksmqK;d ld,ÉfÊo

uÜgï .Kk uÜgï .Kk uÜgï .Kk uÜgï .Kk uÜgï .Kk

m<uq jdrhm<uq jdrhm<uq jdrhm<uq jdrhm<uq jdrh

01& iuñ;sh 25'1 0502& l=,l 301 0503& idOl yd .=Kdldr 1'2, 1'3 0604& o¾Yl 6'1 0605& ld,h 12'1 05^06) ialkaOh 9'1 0607& fldaK 21'1 , 21'2 0708& iÈY ixLHd 1'1 0609& Nd. 3'1 , 3'2 08 54

fojeks jdrhfojeks jdrhfojeks jdrhfojeks jdrhfojeks jdrh

10& oYu 3'3 0611& ùÔh m%ldYk 14'1 , 14'2 0612& iudka;r f¾Ld 21'3 0613& È. 7'1 , 7'2 0614& j¾.M,h 8'1 0615& jD;a; 27'1 0516& mßudj 10'1 0617& øj ñkqï 11'1 0618& wkqmd; 4'1 0519& m%;sY; 5'1 0620& ldáiSh ;,h 20'1 06 64

;=kajeks jdrh;=kajeks jdrh;=kajeks jdrh;=kajeks jdrh;=kajeks jdrh

21& iólrK 17'1 , 19'1 0822& wiudk;d 18'1 0624& ks¾udK 23'1 , 23' 2 0623& ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm 27'2 0625& >k jia;= 22'1 , 22' 2 0626& o;a; ksrEmkh yd w¾: l:kh 28'1 " 29' 1 0727& mßudK rEm 13'1 0628& fgi,dlrKh 26'1 0529& isÿùul úh yelshdj 31'1 05 55

tl;=j 173

7 fY%aKsh7 fY%aKsh7 fY%aKsh7 fY%aKsh7 fY%aKsh

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mdi,a m%;sm;a;s yd jevigyka

.Ks;h úIh ks¾foaYh ilia lr we;af;a oekqu iy l=i,;d u; muKla fkdj bka Tíngúysfok ikaksfõokh, iïnkaO;d, ;¾lkh iy .eg¨ úi|Su hk wruqKq o biau;= jkwhqßks. fojkqj i|yka wruqKq y;r isiqkaf.a p¾hd m%j¾Okhg yd Ñka;k ls%hdj,sfham%j¾Okhg jvd;a M,odhs f,i odhl jkq we;. tfia u .Ks;h, úIh ks¾foaYhg iy mka;sldurhg muKla iSud fkdúh hq;= úIhhls. th mdi,a ixialD;sfha n,fõ.hla njg m;al< hq;= h. .Ks;h hkq NdIdjls; úoHdjls ; l,djls ; Ñka;kfha;a .Kkfha;a ks¾udKfha;afuj,uls ;

tneúka .Ks;fha we;s fuu ixialD;sl w.hhka YsIHhka ;=< j¾Okh jk mßos mdi,ajevigyka ixúOdkh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ. my; i|yka úIh iu.dó jevigyka fï i|ydfhda.H jkq we;.

1 ì;a;s mqj;am;a2 .Ks;d.dr3 .Ks; mqia;ld,4 m%o¾Yk5 .Ks; ix.ï6 oekqu ñkqu jevigyka7 .Ks; iÕrd8 .Ks; osk9 .Ks; l|jqre10 ls%hdldrlï l=á11 pdßld

fuu úIh iu.dó jevigyka ls%hd;aul lsÍfï oS iqÿiq mßos m%cdjf.a odhl;ajh ,nd.ekSug;a, we;eï úIh fldgia b.ekaùfï oS ta i|yd m%ùk úoaj;=kaodhl lr .ekSug;a,mdi,a l<ukdldß;ajfha wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h.

fuu fY%aKsfha .Ks;h b.ekaùu i|yd Tn mdif,a .Ks; mqyqKq .=rejre fkdue;s kï úIhm%ùk;dj we;s, .Ks;h b.ekaùug reÑl;ajhla olajk .=rejrhl= fhoùu iqÿiq h. .Ks;.=rejreka, úIh lreKq yd b.ekaùï l%u ms<sn| j ksr;=re j u hdj;ald,Sk úh hq;= h. fïi|yd, l,dmfha .Ks;h úIh wOHlaI $.Ks;h .=re WmfoaYl$ m%ùk WmdOHdh .Ks; .=reNj;=ka yuq ù Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu fhda.H h. mqyqKq ieisj,g iyNd.s ùu o wjYH h.

kj m%;sixialrK wkqj mdi,a ld, igyfka we;s ksoyia ld,ÉfÊoj,ska tlla .Ks;hi|yd fhdod .ekSug mdi,a l<ukdldß;ajh lghq;= lrkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾.

fhdað; lKavdhï .fõIK ls%hdldrlula tla ld,ÉfÊohl oS wjika lr .ekSug fndfydaúg fkdyels jkq we; . Bg fya;=j ls%hdldrlu i|yd fhdað; ld,h ñks;a;= 40 lg jvdjeä ùu h. túg wod< ld,ÉfÊoh ;+< oS ksu lsÍug fkdyels jQ fldgia i|yd .Ks;hgkshñ; B<Õ ld,ÉfÊo fhdod .; hq;= h.

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bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh kshdukfha § my; oelafjk lreKq .ek úfYaI wjOdkhfhduq lr wod< Wmfoia ,ndoSu jeo.;a h.

• E - 5 wdlD;shg wkqj isiqka .fõIKhg fhduq lrkafka oehs fiùu.• iqÿiq wjia:dj, oS ;lafiare yd we.hSï isÿ lsÍu.

j¾I 2007 oS 6 iy 10 fY%aKs i|yd y÷kajd oS we;s ksmqK;d mdol úIhud,dj mdi,amoaO;sh ;=< ls%hd;aul ùfï oS we;s jq .eg¨ i|yd ms<shï jYfhka fhdackd lrkq ,nkmy; i|yka lreKq flfrys o wjOdkh fhduq lrkq we;ehs wfmalaId flf¾'

• lKavdhï ilia lr .ekSfï oS ;u mka;sfha isák isiqka ixLHdj wkqj tajdilia lr .; hq;= nj. lKavdhï 4lg jev mjrd we;akï isiqka m%udKh jeäwvq ùu wkqj lKavdhï ixLHdj tys .=Kdldrhla f,i .ekSu&

• lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ i|yka tla tla ld¾hh lKavdhïw;r wyTq f,i fnod oSu.

• lKavdhï kdhlhska m;alsÍula fkdlr iafõÉPdfjka u;= ùug wjia:dj ie,iSu.

• m<uqj .fõIK ls%hdj,shg isiqka fhduq lr ta ;=<ska wod< .Ks; ixl,am;yjqre jq miq b;sß ld,ÉfÊo wNHdi i|yd fhdod .ekSu.

• .fõIK ls%hdj,sh wjidkfha .=rejrhd úiska isÿlrk iudf,dapkfha oS mdvfïidrdxYh we;=<;a igykla YsIH wNHdi fmd;aj, ,shd .ekSug ie,eiaùu.

• mdi,a jdrhl oS l< hq;= we.hSï ixLHdj wkqj bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,shoS¾> lsÍfï WmlrKj,g wu;r j wjYH jk we.hSï i|yd iqÿiq ls%hdldrlïf;dard f.k ta i|yd ,l=Kq m%odkh lsÍu.

.fõIK ls%hdldrlï lsÍfï oS YsIH lKavdhï i|yd w¾O ljdldr yevhg wdik ms<sfh<lsÍfuka isiqkg fuka u .=rejrhdg o ;u ld¾hh myiqfjka lr .; yels fõ. ta tals%hdldrlu i|yd wjYH .=Kd;aul fhojqï, bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%ufõoh hgf;a jQ .fõIK

m;s%ldj, igyka lr we;. uq¿ j¾Ihgu wjYH .=Kd;aul fhojqï j¾Ih uq, oS tljr ñ,

oS .kaafkaa kï th jvd;a myiq jkq we;.

23

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõohbf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõohbf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõohbf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõohbf.kqï - b.ekaùï l%ufõoh

24

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&Ú&Ôùß &‘<Ìøù× æØ èõ ×ÔõÝ ÕÙÚæ ùÚûÔóõ$ {$ &Èýùßø μûØ ÷À ùÔ &Ú{Úûõß æØ è`ùÛ ðõß,

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õ{<ÔØ` <ù μ&ßõß μ´´ &´$μÙ$ßëù× &Ú÷¸ æÚÎ´ èÝØ`<Ø×$μèùß àμûßæßÂ$ μæμÌ.

26

ûùßõÚæ$´Ø áμèùÔÈ - áè`ùßÒÈ æÚÜ×$<ÙÚ× àμûßæßÂÚõ à$æ$Øμ×ùß &$Ìöæ < áðÔ <ùßμùß

÷À`×Ú ùÚØõÝØ` < μ&$×$ ý`ÙÛ´ μ´´ æÜ´μÓ÷À× ×ðμõß èÝØ`<Ø`ùß &õÝ ûÜø$ù <èæÛ´æÚ. μÈ &úÀ{$

õæßμ&ßØ`< {$ à`è×Û´ μ×$÷À$ èõ ×ÔõÝ àõØ äß &úÀ{$ ûÜ´$ó<õß áòæò áμèùÔÈ - áè`ùßÑÈ

æÚÜ×$<ÙÚ× õÝ} ÷ÀÛ ´ Ùý$ è`ùÛ´ð &`Ù&ÔÈèõ æÚÜ×$æ$ØæÈ èÝØ`<Ø×$ð à<&ßö$< &Ù&$ μ÷Àß.

æÚÜ×$æ$ØæμÈ μ÷À<`ùÚ ûÚ×<Ø ×ðμõß &Ú&Ôùß èμÓÂóμ×ß μ×μ÷Àù Ñð õæßμ&ßØ`<ðõß (ASSESS-

MENT), æÚÜ×$æ$ØæμÈ μõ<ù ûÚ×<Ø ×ðμõß &Ú&Ôùß û`{`÷ÀÚÙÚ æÚÎÈ {$ Ñ&ßõ$Øó×ð μ×$´Ô <ù

Ñð à`è×Û´ðõß (EVALUATION) èÝØ`<Ø×$ð áò õÚμÅ. õæßμ&ßØ`< {$ à`è×Û´ ûÚ}ÚýúÀ

Ñ&ßõØ$õß´æ Ñ´&Ô´æß èÝØ` ´$Ìμè$ßûμ÷ÀßÁ &‘èÜ{μ×ß õÝùß<ù μæ$ðμ&{Ú ÷À`æß μÓ.

μÈ ÷Àæß<$ Ñ&ßõØ æØù Ù÷À áμèùÔÈ - áè`ùßÒÈ æÜ´μÓ÷À× ûÍó$´ù þÞÆæ$< æÚÜ×$õß´æ

æÚÎ´ &úÀ{$ èÝØ`<Ø×$ μ×$´Ô æØ<×Ú. μ´{Ú ÷ÀÛ æóßò$×È èμÓÂó×ð ´ÔÙß õ`ù Ù`μýù àõØ

μ÷Àý&ß, &‘<$÷À {$ μæ® μ÷ÀßÁù &úÀ{$ ÷À èÝØ`<Ø×$ð à<æ$Á &`Ùμ&ß. ûÜμÓÁ ûÚ×<μÌ ÷ÀÛ μ÷Àý&ð {$

&‘<$÷À×ð à<&ßö$ à`õÚ àõØ à<&$ù ûÚ×<μÌ &´$μÙ$ßëù× ×ðμõß μæ® μ÷À&Ô´æß ´êÚùß &‘æÙßû

õ{<ÔØ` æÚÎ´ð èÝØ`<Ø×$ð áò à`õ. ù< &{ÁÜæμ×ß û}´Ô<ù ÑÂ×´$Ù$ ûÜõÚ&‘&ßæØó× ×ðμõß

á÷ÀÍûõß <ù μ´´ ÑÂ×´$Ù$< {$ &Èýùßø áμèùÔÈ - áè`ùßÑÈ æÜ´μÓ÷À× &‘<Ìøù× æÚÎμÈ ÷ÀÛ

ûÍó$´ù èÝØ` þÞÆæ$<ð à´õØ < &ÈμûÜßÂó {$ èùÔμ÷ÀùÔ èÝØ` þÞÆæ$<ùßð à÷À$} <`÷Àèõß ÙæßÂó

è`ù ÷À &`ÙæÚÙÚ´õß Ò´ μ´´ æÜ´μÓ÷Àμ×ß ÑμÁßÂõß<× μÙ& &úÀ{ùß æ} {`æÚ μÓ.

27

ls%hdldrlï ika;;sh

01' iuñ;sh01' iuñ;sh01' iuñ;sh01' iuñ;sh01' iuñ;sh

ksmqKd;dj 25 : úúO yevj, ,laIK .fõIKh lrñkaaaaaaa wjgmßirfha w,xldr;ajh msßlaihs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 25.1 : jia;+ka f.a iuñ;sl .=K úuihs.

ls%hdldrlu 25.1 : úúO yevj, ,laIK y÷kd .ksuq.

ld,h : ñks;a;= 60 hs.

.=Kd;aaul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 25.1.1 g we;=<;a mska;+r igyk.• weuqKqu 25.1.2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a 4 la .• ;Ska;, l;=re, fnÿïlgq, nd. lvodis.• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh:mshjr 25.1.1 : • mska;+r igyk isiqkag bosrsm;a lrkak.

• tys we;s rEmj, olakg ,efnk ,laIK ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• we;eï rEmj, iudklï we;s nj yd we;eï rEmj, iudklï ke;s nj.

• iudklï olakg we;s rEmj, fmdÿ,laIKhla we;s nj.

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&

mshjr 25.1.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia" ;Skaa;, l;=re" fnoqïlgq nd. lvodis, äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnokak.

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkhfhduqlr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrkak.

• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfha fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bosrsm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'.

^ ñks;a;= 20 hs &

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mshjr 25.1.3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosrsm;a lsrSug l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.• bosrsm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj fokak.• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak.

• ,nd.;a ish,qu yev iudk fldgia follska hqla; nj.

• tfia iudk fldgia follska hqla; rEm oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ;sh we;s rEm f,i y|qkajk nj.

• oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ;s yevhl iuñ;s wlaIhla we;s nj.

• oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ; iys; yevhla iuñ;s wlaIh osf.a folg keuq úg tlsfkl iumd; jk fldgia folla ,efnk nj.

• oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ;sh yev mrsirfha olakg ,efnk nj.

• iuñ;s wlaI tllg jvd we;s yev;, o we;s nj.

^ñks;a;== 30 hs &

;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl :

• oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ;sh olakg we;s yev kï lrhs .• iuñ;s .=Kh ;=<ska mrsirfha iqkaor;ajh w.h lrhs.• oaúsmd¾Yaúsl iuñ;sh we;s yev ks¾udKh lrhs.• lKavdhï ls%hd yd woyia oelaùfï oS úpdrYS,s fjhs.• mrsirfha we;s yevj, úúO ,laIK olsñka kj ks¾udK ìys lrhs.

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weuqKqu 25'1'1

mska;+r igyk mska;+r igyk mska;+r igyk mska;+r igyk mska;+r igyk

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weuqKqu 25weuqKqu 25weuqKqu 25weuqKqu 25weuqKqu 25.11111.22222lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

úúO yevj, ,laIK y|qkd .ksu"

my; oelafjk ls%hdj,s w;=frka Tfí lKavdhug kshñ; ls%hdj,sh flfrys wjOdkhfhduq lrkak.

ls%hdj,sh 1ls%hdj,sh 1ls%hdj,sh 1ls%hdj,sh 1ls%hdj,sh 1. ls%hdj,sh 2 ls%hdj,sh 2 ls%hdj,sh 2 ls%hdj,sh 2 ls%hdj,sh 2 lvodish folg kjd os. yersh lvodishlg ;Ska; ìxÿq lsysmhla úg rEmhla ,efnk fia lmd oud th folg kud msrsueo È. yßkak' tu rEmh bj;g f.k È. yßkak

ls%hdj,sh 3ls%hdj,sh 3ls%hdj,sh 3ls%hdj,sh 3ls%hdj,sh 3 ls%hdj,sh 4 ls%hdj,sh 4 ls%hdj,sh 4 ls%hdj,sh 4 ls%hdj,sh 4

lvodish folg kud fnÿï lgqfjka kejqï odrh b;srsjk fia lvodisfhka hï rgdjlg isÿqre lsysmhla úo lvodish lE,s lsysmhla brd bj;alr lvodish os. os. yrskak. yrskak.

Tn lKavdhug wod< ls%hdj,sfha fhfokak:• ls%hdj,sh wjidkfha b;srs jq lvodisfha we;s yev kejqï odrh yd tys fomi ksrSlaIKh lr tajd igyka lrkak.• Tng ,enqKq rEmfha yevh yd odrh w;r we;s iïnkaO;dj fidhkak.• fomi iumd;jk fia tla kejqï f¾Ldjlg jvd ;sìh yels ;,rEm lsysmhla we| tajdfha kejqï f¾Ld igyka lrkak.• mrsirfha olakg ,efnk fujeks wjia:d ,ehsia;= .; lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bosrsm;a lsrSula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

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02 l=,l

ksmqK;dj 30 : tosfkod cSú;fha lghq;= myiqlr .ekSu i|yd l=,l wdY%s; uQ,O¾u yiqrejhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 30.1 : tlu ,laIKhla iys; ldKav úúO l%u u.ska ksrEmKh lrhs.

ls%hdldrlï 30.1 : l=,l y|qkd .ksuq; ksrEmKh lruq;ld,h : ñks;a;= 75 hs.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 30.1.2 g we;=<;a rEm lÜg,j,g wh;a ldâm;a .

• weuqKqu 30.1.1 g we;=<;a úYd,s; msx;+r igyk. • weuqKqu 30.1.3 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a 03la. • äuhs lvodis" meiag,a yd .ï.

bf.kqï - b.ekaùSï ls%hdj,sh :

mshjr 30.1.1 : • úYd, lrk ,o msx;+r igyk mka;sh bosrsfham%o¾Ykh lr tys we;s ;, rEm ldKav l< yelswdldrh isiqkaf.ka úuikak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjlafufyhjkak. • ø%jH iuQyhla fmdÿ ,laIK mokï lr .ksñka ldKavj,g fjkal< yels nj. • f;arSï l< fmdÿ ,laIK ljf¾oehs fya;= iys;j i|yka l< yels nj. • fmdÿ ,laIK wkqj fjka lr.;a iuQyh ixjD; rEmhla ;=< ,shd oelaúh yels nj. • fmdÿ ,laIKh wkqj tu iuQyh kï l< yels nj.

^ñks;a;= 15hs&

mshjr 30.1.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fjka lrkak. • ilia lr.;a ldâm;a lÜg," .fõIK Wmfoia"

äuhs lvodis" meiag,a" .ï lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak.

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhï wjOdkh fhduqlr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrkak.

• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bosrsm;a lsrSula i|yd iQodkï

lrjkak. ^ ñks;a;= 30hs&

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mashjr 30.1.3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosrsm;a lsrSug l=vdlKavdhïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak.

• bosrsm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|ydm%:u wjia:dj fokak.

• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackdúuikak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhlfhfokak.

• ksYaaÑ;j fjkalr y|qkd .; yelsldKavhla l=,lhla f,i y|qkajk nj.

• l=,lhl wvx.= oE wjhj f,i y|qkajk nj.• l=,lhla ixjD; rEmhlska ksrEmKh l<

yels nj'• ixjD; rEmhla ;=< l=,lhl wjhj olajd we;s

úg th fjka rEmigyk f,i y|qkajkafkafuu rEm igyk uq,ska bÈßm;a l< fcdakafjka .Ks;{hd isysùu msKsi nj.

^ñks;a;= 30hs&

;lafiare yd we.hSñ ks¾Kdhl:

• l=,lhla hkq l=ula oehs úia;r lrhs.• mßirfha we;s úúO oE" .=Kdx. wkqj ldKavj,g fjkal< yels nj ms<s.kshs.

• øjH iuQy fmdÿ ,laIK wkqj fjka rEm u.ska ksrEmKh lrhs.• ;u jgmsgdj ms<sn| j fyd|ska wjfndaO lr .ekSu i|yd mßirh ms<sn| j úuis,su;a fjhs.• iuia;h olsñka wkqfldgia ú.%y lrhs .

33

weuqKqu 30'1'1

mska;+r igykmska;+r igykmska;+r igykmska;+r igykmska;+r igyk

10

7 9

8

1 2 3

4 5 6

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weuqKqu 30.1.2

rEm lÜg,rEm lÜg,rEm lÜg,rEm lÜg,rEm lÜg,

lÜg, wxl ^1&lÜg, wxl ^1&lÜg, wxl ^1&lÜg, wxl ^1&lÜg, wxl ^1&

28 , 75 , 136, 567 , 83 , 354, wur, rg, u,, khkd, hk jpk iy

mska;+r fjka fjka jYfhka tl neÕska jQ ldâm;a lÜg,hla


n,a,d, w,shd, yrld, lmqgd, .ssrjd, l=l=,d , frdaiu,, jou,, wr,sh u,,p;=ri%h , fnda,h ,;Km\qr, fjkaaa fjka jYfhka tl ne.ska jq mska;+rlÜg,hla


,S lnâ tl" fïih, mqgqj, we| ,rdlalh ,msysh, msÕdk ,l=,a, ,yÜáh , ghrh,fmd;, ll=, ,fjka fjka jYfhka tl ne.ska jq msx;+r lÜg,hla

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weuqKqu 30.1.3

lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

l=,l y÷kd .ksuq; ksrEmKh lruq

my; oelafjk ldâm;a lÜg, w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqK ldâm;a lÜg,hfj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

ldâm;a lÜg, 1 ys ldâm;a lÜg, 2 ys ldâm;a lÜg, 3 ys øjH øjH øjH

• tu øjH leu;s wdldrhg hï lsis .=Kdx.hlg wkqj ldKavj,g fjka lrkak.

• ta ta ldKavj,g fjka lsÍfï oS Tn fhdod .;a .=Kdx.h ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak.

• tu ldKav j,g wh;a fkdjk øjH ;sfí kï tfia ùug fya;= bosßm;a lrkak.

• fjka lr.;a ldKav i|yd tu .=Kdx.h wkqj osh yels kula fhdackd lrkak.

• fjka lrk ,o ldKav ixjD; rem igyka weiqßka ksremKh lrkak.

• ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bosßm;a lsßula i|yd iqodkï jkak.

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03' idOl yd .=Kdldr 1

ksmqK;dj 1 : tosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=< .Ks;l¾u yiqrejhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'2 : ixLHdjl idOl fiùug NdcH;d ßS;s Ndú; lrhs.

ls%hdldrlu 1'2 : ixLHdjl idOl fidhuq.

ld,h : ñks;a;= 60hs

.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 1' 2' 1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla . • äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 1.2.1 : • ixLHdjla foflka" mfyka" oyfhka" fnfoa oehs

mÍlaId lrk wdldrh úuikak' .• ta weiqßka my; lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha b,lalu brÜg kï tu ixLHdj foflka b;sß ke;sj fnfok nj.

• ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha b,lalu ìxÿj fyda my kï tu ixLHdj mfykaa b;sß ke;sj fnfok nj.

• ixLHdjl tlia:dkfha b,lalu ìxÿj kïtu ixLHdj oyfhka b;sß ke;sj fnfok nj'

^ñks;a;= 15hs&

mshjr 1.2.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fjka lrkak.• .fõIK Wmfoia "äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak.

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrd fokak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bosßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak.

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&

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• ixLHdjl b,lalï ;ks b,lalula ,efnk f;la tl;= lsÍfuka tu ixLHdfõ b,lalï o¾Ylh

,efnk nj. • b,lalï o¾Ylh ;=k, yh, kjh jk ixLHd ;=fkka b;srs ke;sj fnfok nj.

• b,lalï o¾Ylh kjh jk ixLHd kjfhka b;sß ke;sj fnfok nj. • ixLHdjl oiia:dkfha iy tlia:dkfha we;s

b,lalï foflka iEfok ixLHdj y;frka b;sß ke;sj fnfoa kï tu m<uq ixLHdj y;frka b;sß ke;sj fnfok nj.

• foflka yd ;=fkka b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHd yfhka b;sß ke;sj fnfok nj.

^ñks;a;= 30hs&


• ;=fkka" y;frka" yfhka" kjfhka b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHd fnoSfukaf;drj fidhd .kakd l%u úia;r lrhs.

• ;=fkka b;sß ke;sj fnfok" y;frka b;sß ke;sj fnfok yfhka b;sßke;sj fnfok" kjfhka b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHdj, hï rgdjlawe;s nj ms<s.kshs.

• ;=fkka" y;frka" yfhka" kjfhka b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHd ,shd olajhs.• f;dr;=re ksÍlaIKfhka iïnkaO;d fidhd .kshs.• wkH lKavdhïj, woyia úpdrYS,S j i,ld n,hs.

mshjr 1.2.3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosßm;a lsÍug l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.• bosßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj ,nd fokak.• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak.

38

weuqKqu 1weuqKqu 1weuqKqu 1weuqKqu 1weuqKqu 1.22222.11111


ixLHdjl idOl fidhuq

• my; oelafjk ixLHd w;=frka Tn lKavdhug wod< ixLHdj flfryswjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

ixLHdj ixLHdj ixLHdj ixLHdj ixLHdj

3 4 6 9

• leu;s ixLHd 15 la ,shd Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s ixLHdfjka tuixLHd fnokak.

• b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHd yd tfia fkdfnfok ixLHd f,i ldKavfollg fjka lrkak.

• b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHd ldKavfhys we;s ixLHd fyd|ska ksÍlaIKh lr fnoSfuka f;drj § we;s ixLHdfjka b;sß ke;sj fnok nj

fidhd.kakd l%uhla fhdackd lrkak' • by; wkdjrKhg wkqj Tn lKavdhug ,enqk ixLHdfjka fnÈh yels

ixLHd 10 la ,shd Tn fidhd .;a l%uh ksjerÈ oehs mÍlaId lrkak' • lKavdhï wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg bosßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak.

39

3' idOl yd .=Kdldr 11

ksmqK;dj 1 : ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=< .Ks; l¾uyiqrejñka tosfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;alr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 1.3 : ixLHdj, idOl yd .=Kdldr fiùfï l%uúu¾Ykh lrhs'

ls%hdldrlu 1.3 : ixLHdj, uyd fmdÿ idOlh yd l=vd fmdÿ.=Kdldrh fidhuq'

ld,h : ñks;a;= 80 hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • 10 x 10 .=Kk j.=j• weuqKqu 1.3.1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :

mshjr 1.3.1 : • 10 x 10 .=Kk j.=j mka;sfha m%o¾Ykh lr ta weiqfrka .=Kdldr" idOl yd m%:ul idOl ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• ixLHdjla ;j;a ixLHdjlska.=KlsÍfuka tu ixLHdfõ .=Kdldrhla ,efnk nj.

• ixLHdjla b;sß ke;sj fnosh yels ixLHd tu ixLHdfõ idOl nj.

• kEu ixLHdjl" 1 yd tu ixLHdj tys idOlhla jk nj. • ixLHdjl úYd,u idOlh tu ixLHdju

jk nj. • tlsfklg fjkia idOl folla muKla

we;s ixLHd m%:ul ixLHd nj. • ixLHdjla m%:ul ixLHdjkaaaaaaaaf.a .=Ks;hla

f,i ,súh yels nj. • tfia .=Ks;hla f,i ,shk ,o ixLHd" uq,a

ixLHdfõ m%:ul idOl f,i y÷kajk nj'

^ñks;a;= 15hs&

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mshjr 1. 3. 3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosßm;a lsÍug l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.

• bosßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj ,nd fokak.

• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• ixLHd lsysmhl uyd fmdÿ idOlh yd l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh tu ixLHd i|yd iqúfYaIs

w.hka nj. • ixLHd lsysmhla b;srs ke;sj fnosh yels úYd,u ixLHdj tu ixLHdj, uyd fmdÿ idOlh nj. • ixLHd lsysmhlska b;sß ke;sj fnosh yels l=vdu ixLHdj tu ixLHdj, l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh nj. • uydfmdÿ idOlh yd l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh

m%:ul idOl weiqfrka ,nd.; yels nj. • uydfmdÿ idOlh yd l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh ,nd.; yels fnoSfï l%uhla o ;sfnk nj.

^ñks;a;= 30hs&

;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl :• ixLHd m%:ul idOl weiqfrka ,sùfuka tu ixLHdj,g fmdÿ jq idOl

yd .=Kdldr ,nd.kakd wdldr i|yka lrhs. • tlu fõ,djg mgkaf.k ksYaÑ; ld, wka;rj,j, oS isÿ jk isoaê lsysmhla kej; tlu fõ,djl oS isÿúh yels nj ms<s.kshs. • fok ,o ixLHdj, uyd fmdÿ idOlh yd l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh fidhhs. • .eg¨j,g úiÿï fiùfï oS Ndú; l< yels úl,am l%u w;=frka myiq u l%uh fhdod .kshs. • fmr oekqu fhdod .ksñka kj lreKq u;=lr .kshs.

mshjr 1.3.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fjka lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoia äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a

lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduqlr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrkak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfha fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bosßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak.

^ñks;a;= 35hs&

41

weuqKqu 1.3.1


ixLHdj, uyd fmdÿ idOlh yd l=vd fmdÿ .=Kdldrh fidhuq

• my; i|yka ixLHd hq., w;frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk ixLHd hq.,hfj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

ixLHd hq.,hixLHd hq.,hixLHd hq.,hixLHd hq.,hixLHd hq.,h

i& 12 , 18ii) 12 , 10iii& 8 , 20(iv) 10 , 15

• ixLHd hq.,fha tla tla ixLHdfõ idOl weiqfrka tu ixLHd folg ufmdÿ jQ úYd, u idOlh fidhkak.

• ta i|yd iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak.

• ixLHd hq.,fha tla tla ixLHdfõ .=Kdldr ,shñka tu ixLHd folg ufmdÿ jq l=vdu .=Kdldrh fidhkak.

• Tn lKavdhu ,nd.;a by; idOlh yd .=Kdldrh ixLHd hq.,fham%:ul idOl weiqfrka ,nd .ekSug l%uhla fhdackd lrkak.

• by; w.hhka ,nd.; yels fjk;a l%u ms<sn| j fidhd n,kak.

• lKaavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,s j iuia; mka;shg bosßm;a lsÍugiQodkï jkak.

42

04' o¾Yl

ksmqK;dj 6 : ,>q.Kl yd .Kl Ndú;fhka tosfkod Ôú;fha.eg¨ úi|hs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 6.1 : mdoh ùÔh wdldrfhka jQ n,hl w.h fidhhs.

ls%hdldrlu 6.1 : mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jQ n,hl w.h fidhuq.


.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 6.1.1 g we;=<;a n, ksrEms; igyk• weuqKqu 6.1.2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a folla.• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 6.1.1 : • ixLHd;aul n, ksrEms; igyk mka;sfha

m%o¾Ykh lrkak. • n,hl o¾Ylh yd mdoh fjka fjkaj y÷kd .ekSu" n,hla lshjk wdldrh yd n,hla

m%idrKh lrk wdldrh ms<sn| isiqkaaf.ka úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• mdoh yd o¾Ylh ixLHd;aul jq n, mej;sh yels nj. • n,hla tys mdoh mqk mqkd .=KlsÍula

f,i ,shd oelaúh yels nj.

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&

mshjr 6' 1' 2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq fldg tla tla lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrkak. • l==vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bosßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak.

ñks;a;= 35hs&

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mshjr 6.1.3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosßm;a lsÍug l=vdlKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.

• bosßm;a l< lKavdhugg úia;drKh i|yd m%:uwjia:dj ,nd fokak.

• wfkla lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackdúuikak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhlfhfokak.

• mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jQ n,hla tu ùÔh ixfla;h mqk mqkd .=KlsÍula f,i m%idrKh l< yels nj'

• ùÔh ixfla;hla mqk mqkd .=KlsÍfuka" tu ùÔh ixfla;fha mdoh o mqk mqkd .=K l< jdr .Kk o¾Ylh o jk n,hla ,nd .; yels nj' • mdoh ùÔh jQ n,hla ùÔh ixfla;hg ixLHdjla wdfoaY lr iqM lsÍfuka ixLHd;aul w.hka ,nd .; yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 40 hs&

;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl ;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl :

• mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jq n,hl mdoh yd o¾Ylh kï lrhs'• n, Ndú;h ixLHd;aul m%ldYk flálr ,sùfï l%uhla f,i ms<s.kshs'• mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jQ n, m%idrKh lrhs'• lKavdhu ;=< iyfhdaaaaaa.fhka ;¾ldkql+,j isoaOdka; f.dvk.hs'• ixlS¾K foa ir, lr .ekSfï Wmdh ud¾. fidhhs'

44

weuqKqu 6. 1. 1n, ksrEms; igykn, ksrEms; igykn, ksrEms; igykn, ksrEms; igykn, ksrEms; igyk

• <uhl=g wT f.ä 3 ne.ska o <uqka 3 lg fnod oSug wjYH

wTf.ä ixLHdj

3 3×3 3×

n,hla f,i

→

23

fuys mdoh = 3o¾Ylh = 2

• ffjoHjrfhla frda.sfhl=g fufia mjihs' fuu fnfy;a fm;sjrlg 2 ne.skaosklg 2 jrlaosk 2 la .kak

osk folla wjidkfha .;a fnfy;a fm;s ixLHdj = 2 x 2 x 2

2 2 2× ×

n,hla f,i

32→fuys mdoh = 2o¾Ylh = 3

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weuqKqu 6.1.2


mdoh ùÔh ixfla;hla jq n,hl w.h fidhuq

• my; oelafjk fldgia w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqK fldgi fj;wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi 11 fldgi11 fldgi11 fldgi11 fldgi11 fldgi

<ufhl=g fgd*s x ne.ska <uqka jrlg fm;s

x

ne.ska

<uqka

x

fofkla w;r fnod oSug osklg

x

jrlawjYH fgd*s m%udKh. osk

x

.Kkla Ndú;h i|yd wjYH fnfy;a

fm;s m%udKh.

• Tn lKavdhug ,enqk fldgig wod< j tys mejfik ùÔh m%ldYkh oelaúh yels wdldr folla fhdackd lrkak.

•

x

ys w.h 2 jk úg

x

ys w.h 3 jk úg m%ldYkh i|yd ,efnk ixLHd;aul w.hhka ii|kak.

• Tn f.dv ke.+ ùÔh m%ldYkh wdldrfha jq m%ldYk tosfkod Ôú;fha f.dvk.d .; yels wjia:d lsysmhla bosßm;a lrkak.

• iuia; lKavdhï bosßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

46

ksmqk;dj 12 : ld,h l<uKdlrKh lrñka jev f,dalfha wjYH;d imqrd .kshs.

ksmqK;d uÜfu 12.1 : ld,h iïnkaO ñkqï uq,sl .Ks; l¾u hgf;a yiqrejhs.

ls%hdldrlu 12.1 : ld,h uksuq.


.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 12.1.1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a ;=kla. • úrdu >áld ;=kla.

• .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ i|yka Èk o¾Yk lÜg, ;=kla .

• isxy, yd yskaÿ w¿;a wjqreÿ pdß;% we;=<;a ,s;la. • äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 12.1.1 : • issxy, yd yskaÿ w¿;a wjqreÿ pdß;% we;=<;a ,s;la

mka;shg bosßm;a lr tys oelafjk kele;a wjia:d ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak. • fõ,djka folla w;r fjki ld,h nj. • mDÓúhg iQ¾hhd jgd iïmQ¾K jghla hdug .;jk ld,h" wjqreoaola " nj. • ;;amr" ñks;a;=" meh" osk" i;s" wjqreÿ wdosh ld,h olajk tall nj. • ;;amr 60 } ñks;a;=1hs. ñks;a;= 60 } meh 1hs. meh 24 } osk 1hs. osk 30 } udi 1hs. udi 12 } wjqreÿ 1nj. • iïu; wdldrhg oskh ,sùfï oS j¾Ih

b,lalï y;rlska o udih b,lalï follska o oskh b,lalï follska o hk wkqms<sfj<ska olajk nj.

^ñks;a;= 15hs&

mshjr 12.1.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fjka lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoia" Èk o¾Yk äuhs lvodis yd

meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia ys m<uq fldgi fj;

lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrd fokak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'

^ñks;a;= 50hs&

05' ld,h

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mshjr 12.1. 3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosrsm;a lsrSug l=vdlKavdhïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak.

• bosßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|ydm%:u wjia:dj fokak.

• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackdúuikak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fiaiudf,dapkhl fhfokak.

• mD;=úhg iQ¾hhd jgd tla jghla hdug .;jk ld,h osk 365 meh 5 ñks;a;= 48

;;amr 47 nj.

• osk 365 wjqreoaola f,i .kakd nj. • wêl wjqreoaolg osk 366 la we;s nj. • hïlsis j¾Ihla y;frys .=Kdldrhla kï th wêl wjqreoaola jq j o tu j¾Ih

100 ys .=Kdldrhla o jkafka kï th wêl wjqreoaola jkafka 400 ys

.=Kdldrhla jk úg muKla nj. • Y;lhlg wjqreÿ 100l ld,hla wh;a nj.

• ls%' j' 1 - 100 f;la m<uq Y;lh nj. • ls%' j' 101 - 200 f;la fojk Y;lh nj.

• ls%' j 2001 - 2100 f;la 21 jk Y;lh nj. • ld,h uekSfï tall w;r we;s

iïnkaO;djfhka tall mßj¾;kh lrñka ffoksl lghq;=j, oS ld,h tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu isÿ l< yels nj.

• mqoa.,fhl=f.a jhi fiúh hq;= oskfhka Tyqf.a Wmka oskh wvq lsßfuka jhi ,efnk nj.

^ïks;a;= 40hs&


• wêl wjqreÿ" Y;l yd l,dka;r fidhk wdldrh úia;r lrhs.• jeh jQ ld,hla wdmiq fkd,efnk neúka ld,h m%fhdackj;a f,i fhdod .; hq;= nj ms<s.kshs.

• ld,h tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu ksjeros j isÿ lrhs. • ksjeros j ld,h l<ukdlrKh lrhs. • f;dr;=re wkqj ks.ukj,g t<fUhs.

48

weuqKqu 12 weuqKqu 12 weuqKqu 12 weuqKqu 12 weuqKqu 12.11111.11111lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

ld,h uksu

• my; oelafjk osk o¾Yk lÜg, w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkj¾Ij, osk o¾Yk fyd|ska wOHhkh lrkak.

lÜg,h 1 lÜg,h 1 lÜg,h 1 lÜg,h 1 lÜg,h 1 lÜg,h 2 lÜg,h 2 lÜg,h 2 lÜg,h 2 lÜg,h 2 lÜg,h 3 lÜg,h 3 lÜg,h 3 lÜg,h 3 lÜg,h 3

j¾I j¾I j¾I2008 1999 19982007 2004 20062006 2005 20071996 2006 2008

• Tn lKavdhug ,enqk osk o¾Yk wkqj tla tla udihg we;s osk .Kkfidhd wjqreoaolg we;s osk .Kk ms<sn| Tfí woyia ,shkak.

• wjqreoaolg we;s uqM osk .Kk jeäu w.hla .kakd wjqreÿ i|yd tfiaùug fya;=j idlÉPd lrkak.

• jeäu osk .Kkla we;s wjreÿ i|yd iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak.oS we;s kEu j¾Ihla Tfí kï lsÍug wkqj fjka lr y÷kd .ekSugl%uhla fhdackd lrkak.

“wm rgg ksoyi ,enqfka 20 jk Y;lfha ueo Nd.fha oS h'wm rgg ksoyi ,enqfka 20 jk Y;lfha ueo Nd.fha oS h'wm rgg ksoyi ,enqfka 20 jk Y;lfha ueo Nd.fha oS h'wm rgg ksoyi ,enqfka 20 jk Y;lfha ueo Nd.fha oS h'wm rgg ksoyi ,enqfka 20 jk Y;lfha ueo Nd.fha oS h' ls%'j' 0001 isg 0100 f;la ld,h m<uqjk Y;lh fõ ls%'j' 0001 isg 0100 f;la ld,h m<uqjk Y;lh fõ ls%'j' 0001 isg 0100 f;la ld,h m<uqjk Y;lh fõ ls%'j' 0001 isg 0100 f;la ld,h m<uqjk Y;lh fõ ls%'j' 0001 isg 0100 f;la ld,h m<uqjk Y;lh fõ.’’

• by; f;dr;=rej,g wkqj Tng oS we;s Èk o¾Ykj, i|yka j¾I wh;a jk Y;l fudkjdoehs idlÉPd lr tajd wdrïN jk yd wjika jk osk ,shd olajkak.

• ´kEu j¾Ihla wh;a jk Y;lh fidhd .ekSu i|yd myiq l%uhla fhdackd lrkak.

• mqoa.,fhl=f.a jhi ,nd.kakd wdldrh meyeos,s lr Tfí lKavdhfï idudðlhskaf.a wo oskg jhi fidhkak.

• ;j wjqreÿ 05 udi 08 osk 25 lg miq Tfí lKavdhfï tla tla idudðlhskaf.a jhi fidhkak.

• Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrKhka ks¾udKYS,s j iuia; mka;shg bosßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak.

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06' ialkaOh

ksmqK;dj 9 : ialkaOh ms<sn| wjfndaOfhka hq;=j lghq;=

lrñka ffoksl wjYH;d imqrd .kshs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 9'1 : ialkaOh iïnkaO ñkqï uQ,sl .Ks; l¾u

hgf;a yiqrejhs.

ls%hdldrlu : • ialkaOh uksuq.

ld,h : • ñks;a;= 110 hs.

.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • fmd,a f.ähla.• m<;=re j¾.hl f.ähla osjq,a "fn,s,

.ia,nq , wkakdis jeks&

• .Ks;h fm< fmd;.• ;rdos 4 la.• kg , g mä lÜg,.• mg nr i|yka fnfy;a fm;s.• fnfy;a l=mams.• wiqrk.• weuqKqu 9. 1. 1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla

• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 9'1'1 : • wiqrk" fnfy;a l=mams" fnfy;a fm;s"

m%o¾Ykh lrñka tajdfha oelafjk

ialkaO ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia

idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• tosfkod Ôú;fha ialkaO uekSu i|yd

g iy kg Ndú; lrk nj. • l=vd ialkaO uekSu i|yd ñ,s.a?ï

^mg) Ndú; lrk nj. • 1000g = 1 kg nj. • 1000 mg = 1g nj'

^ïks;a;= 10 hs&

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mshjr 9. 1. 3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosßm;a lsÍug l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak. • bosßm;a l< lKavdhugu úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj fokak. • wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak.

• tosfkod cSú;fha lghq;=j, § ialkaOh ksudkh lsÍfï wjYH;d we;s jk nj. • ialkaOh ksudkh lsÍfï § fm!oa.,sl w;aoelSï WmldÍ jk nj.

(ïks;a;= 20 hs&

mshjr 9 .1.4 : • mQ¾j lKavdhï kej; ilikak. • .fõIK Wmfoia ys fojk fldgi fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduqlr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bosßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak.

^ñks;a;= 30hs&

mshjr 9.1.5 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak. • bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj fokak. • wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jkfia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak.

mshjr 9' 1' 2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fjka lrkak'. • .fõIK Wmfoia " äuhs lvodis" meiag,a yd ta ta lKavdhug wjYH øjH lKavdhïj,g fnod fokak' • .fõIK Wmfoia ys m<uq fldgi fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrkak' • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfha fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsßula i|yd iQodkï

lrjkak'

^ñks;a;= 30hs&

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• tÈfkod Ôú;fha ialkaOh ksudkh lr.; hq;= wjia:d úia;r lrhs.

• kshu ialkaOh lsrd .ekSug fkdyels úg ialkaOh ksudkh l< yels nj ms<s.kshs.

• ialkaOh wdYs%; ñkqï .Ks; l¾uj, yiqrejhs.

• ;¾ldkql+,j lghq;= lrñka ls%hdldrlfuys id¾:l;ajhg odhlfõ.

• tÈfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= ld¾hlaIu j isÿ lr .ekSug úpdrYS,Sj ñkqï fhdod .kshs.

• .a/ï" lsf,da.a/ï ñkqï .Ks; l¾uj, yeisrùfï § .a/ï" lsf,da.a/ïj,g o lsf,da.a/ï" .a?ïj,g o mßj¾;kh lsÍug isÿ jk wjia:d we;s nj.

• ñ,s.a?ï" .a?ï ñkqï .Ks; l¾uj, yeisrùfï § ñ,s.a?ï" .a?ïj,g o .a?ï ñ,s.a?ïj,g o mßj¾;kh lsÍug isÿ jk wjia:d we;s nj.

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&

52

weuqKqu 9.1.1


ialkaOh uksuq 1 fldgi 1 fldgi 1 fldgi 1 fldgi 1 fldgi

• my; i|yka øjH w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq øjH flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

• tu øjHfhys ialkaOh lKavdhfï tla tla wh úiska ksudkh lrkak. • ;rdÈh Ndú; lr tu øjHfha ialkaOh uek .kak. • ienE ialkaOh iy tla tla idudðlhd f.a ksudks; ialkaOh w;r

fjki oelafjk igykla ilia lrkak. • tla tla idudðlhd ksudks; w.h ,nd .ekSfï § ,o w;aoelSï

lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lrkak. • Tfí wkdjrK iuia; mka;shg ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï

jkak.

fmd,a f.äh m<;=re f.äh .Ks;h fm< fmd;

53

2 fldgiøjH lSmhl ialkaOhka my; j.=fjys oelafõ

j.=j fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak

øjHh kg g mg

hlv oïje, 8 600 -mdi,a nE.h 2 750 -ms;a;, myk 5 950 -u,a fmdaÉÑh 4 825 -uqoao - 12 450ud,h - 22 800lrdnq fcdavqj - 4 250

• my; i|yka øjH lÜg, w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq øjH

lÜg,h fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

^1& øjH lÜg,h 11& øjH lÜg,h ^111& øjHh lÜg,h

A ms;a;, myk" mdi,a nE.a myla hlv oïjef,ka u,a fmdaÉÑh" y;frka mx.=jla

B ud,h" uqoao lrdnq fcdavq y;rla lrdnqjla

j.=j weiqfrka"

• A ldKavfha øjHj, ialkaOh fidhkak. • B ldKavfha øjHj, ialkaOh fidhkak. • ud,h uqoaog jvd fldmuK ialkaOfhka jeä oehs fidhkak. • ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

54

7' fldaK 1

ksmqK;dj 21 : úúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;d úu¾Ykh

lrhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 21.1 : iaÓ;sl yd .;sl ixl,am weiqßka fldaK

ú.%y lrhs.

ls%hdldrlu 21.1 : fldaK y÷kd .ksuq.


.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 21.1.1g we;=<;a mska;+r igyk.• weuqKqu 21.1.2g we;=<;a .fõIK

Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla.• brgq, T¾f,daiq uqyqK;a y;rla, nd. lvodis

• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 21.1.1 : • mska;+r igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lr

iDcq fldaKh weiqfrka tys fldaKj, úYd,;ajh ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka

úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jkfia

idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• idcqfldaKhg jvd l=vd fldaK

iq¿fldaK f,i y÷kajk nj. • iDcqfldaK tllg jvd jeä

tfy;a follg wvq fldaK uyd

fldaK nj. • iDcqfldaK follg iudk fldaK

ir, fldaK f,i y÷kajk nj. • iDcqfldaK follg jvd úYd,

fldaK mrdj¾; fldaK f,i

y÷kajk nj.

^ ñks;a;= 10 hs&

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mshjr 21.1.3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsßsug l=vd

lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak. • bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd

m%:u wjia:dj ,nd fokak. • wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd

úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak.

• ir, f¾Ld folla yuqùfuka fldaKhla

iEfok nj. • fldaKhl w.h iaÓrj mj;S kï th iaÓ;sl

wjia:dj nj. • fldaKhl tla ndyqjla wp,j ;nd wfkla

ndyqj N%uKh lsÍfuka fldaKhla ks¾udKh

jk wjia:dj .;sl wjia:dj nj. • mßirfha fldaK .;sl yd iaÓ;sl hk

wjia:d foflka u we;s nj.

^ ñks;a;= 30hs&

mshjr 21.1.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fjka lrkak• .fõIK Wmfoia" nd. lvodis" äuhs lvodis"

meiag,a" Trf,daiq uqyqK;a" brgq".ï" lKavdhï

w;r fnod fokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduqlr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd

fokak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï

lrjkak. ^ñks;a;= 20 hs&

56


• fldaKhl .;sl yd iaÓ;sl ixl,am meyeÈ,s lrhs.• iaÓ;sl yd .;sl jYfhka fldaKhl iajNdjhka folla we;s nj

ms<s.kshs.• mßirfha we;s úúO yev w;ßka iaÓ;sl fyda .;sl fyda iajNdjfhka

hq;a fldaK fjkalr olajhs.• mßirfha we;s úúO yev ms<sn| j úuis,su;a fjhs.• m%dfhda.sl Ôú;fha § wjYH;d y÷kdf.k ls%hd lrhs.

57

weuqKqu 21'1'1

(1)(11)

(111)

(1V) (V)

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weuqKqu 21'1'2


fldaK y÷kd .ksuq

• my; oelafjk fldaK w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq fldaK j¾.h fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

A B C D

iq¿ fldaKh uyd fldaKh iDcq fldaKh ir, fldaKh

• brgq we,ùfuka Tng wh;a fldaK j¾.h ks¾udKh lrkak' th ir,

odrh weiqßka lvodish u; w¢kak.• Trf,daiq uqyqKf;ys meh lgqj ksYap,j ;nd ñks;a;= lgqj N%uKh lsÍfuka o Tng wh;a fldaK j¾.h ,nd.kak' th ir, odrh weiqßka

lvodish u; w¢kak.• by; wdldr fol u.ska fldaK ,nd .ekSfï § Tn ÿgq iudklï yd

wiudklï ms<sn| j idlÉPdjla lrkak.• tu fldaKh iEÿkq ir, f¾Ld LKav folg iqÿiq kula fhdackd

lrkak.• ir, f¾Ld LKav fol yuqjk fmdÿ ,laIHhg iqÿiq kula fhdackd

lrkak.• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

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07' fldaK 11

ksmqK;dj 21 : úúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;d úu¾Ykhlrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 21'2 : fldaKj, m%udKd;aul w.hhka úu¾Ykhlrhs'

ls%hdldrlu 21'2 : fldaK uksuq; kï lruq; w¢uq'ld,h : ñks;a;= 180 hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 21'2'1 g we;=<;a fldaKudk rEm igyk'

• weuqKqu 21'2'2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla' • cHdñ;sl WmlrK lÜg, y;rla nd.

lvodis' • äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a'

bf.kï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 21.2.1 : • jD;a; yev lvodishla kud iDcqfldaKS

yev y;rla ,nd.; yels neõ fmkajd fokak.

• fldaKudkh wOHhkhg wjia:dj i,ikak.

• fldaKudkhl úYd,s; fmdaiagrhla u.ska w¾O jD;a;h fnod fjka lr we;s fldgia ms<sn| j y÷kd .ekSug

i,ikak. • fldaK uekSug iqÿiq tall ms<sn| j

my; lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• fldaKhl úYd,;ajh uksk tallhla f,i iDcqfldaKh yd wxYlh .; yels nj.

• jD;a;hla iudk flakaøsl Lkav fldgia y;rlg fjka l< úg ,efnk fldgilska iDcqfldaKhla fmkaúh yels nj.

• jD;a;dldr wdia;rhla iudk flakaøsl LKav 360 lg fnod ,efnk flakaøsl LKavhl fldaKh wxYlhla f,i y÷kajk nj.

• fldaKudkh wxYl lg fnod olajd we;s nj.

• myiqj i|yd wxYl oyfhka oyhg ,l=Kq lr we;s nj.

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&

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mshjr 21.2.2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fjka

lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoia "nd. lvodis "äuhs

lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnod

fokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia ys m<uq fldgi fj;

lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta

lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys

fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd

l=vd lKavdhï iQodkï lrjkak. ^ñks;a;= 40 hs&

mshjr 21. 2. 3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd

lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak. • bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh

i|yd m%:u wjia:dj ,nd fokak. • wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul

fhdackd úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia

iudf,dapkhl fhfokak.

• fldaKfhys tla nyqjla u; fldaK udkfha mdol f¾Ldj msysgk fia o fldaKfha YS¾Ih u; mdol f¾Ldfõ

uOH ,laIHh msysgk fia o fldaK udkh ;eìh hq;= nj.

• fldaKfha wfkla ndyqj iu. iumd;jk fldaKudkfha i,l=K wkqj fldaKfha w.h wxYlj,ska,nd .; yels nj.

• iDcqfldaKh wxYl 90 la nj. • iq¿fldaKh wxYl 90 g wvq nj. • uyd fldaKh wxYl 90 g jeä yd

wxYl 180 g jvd wvq nj. • fldaKudkh Ndú;fhka wdikak

wxYlhg fldaKhla ueksh yels nj. • fldaKhl ndyq foflka tla

ndyqjl wka;fha isg YS¾Ih yryd wfkla ndyqfõ wka;hg we;s bx.%sis wl=re ms<sfj<ska ,shd ueo wl=rg by<ska fldaK ixfla;h ^ & fh§fuka fldaKhla kï lrk

nj

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WodyrK :

• fuu fldaKh f,i ,shk nj' • fok ,o w.hlska hq;a fldaKhla

fldaKudkh Ndú;fhka ksjerÈj we¢h yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 50hs&

mshjr 21'2'4 : • mQ¾j lKavdhï kej; ilia lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoiaj, fojk fldgi

fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak.

• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak.

• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak.

ñks;a;= 30 hs&mshjr 21.2.5 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug

l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak. • bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh

i|yd m%:u wjia:dj fokak. • wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul

fhdackd úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jkfia


• fldaK foll tl;=fjka fjk;a fldaKhla ,efnk nj. • iq¿ fldaK foll tl;=fjka iq¿ fldKhla, iDcqfldaKhla fyda uyd fldaKhla ,efnk nj. • iq¿ fldaKhla yd iDcq fldaKhl tl;=fjka uyd fldaKhla ,efnk nj. • iDcq fldaKhla yd uyd fldaKhl tl;=fjka mrdj¾; fldaKhla ,efnk nj. • uyd fldaKhla yd iq¿ fldaKhl tl;=fjka uyd fldaKhla" ir, fldaKhla fyda mrdj¾; fldaKhla ,efnk nj. • uyd fldaK folla tl;=fjka

mrdj¾; fldaKhla ,efnk nj.

^ñks;a;= 40 hs&

CA

B

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• wxYlh hkak úia;r lrhs. • fldaK uekSug iqÿiq tallhla f,i wxYl fhdod.; yels nj ms<s.kshs. • fldaK ksjerÈj wdikak wxYlhg uek olajhs. • ksjerÈ ñkqï ,nd.ekSu i|yd WmlrK ksjerÈ j yiqrejhs. • úúO iïnkaO;d wOHhkh lrñka ksjerÈ ks.ukj,g t<fThs.

63

weuqKqu 21'2'1

fldaKudkh rEm igyk

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weuqKqu 21'2'2

lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd WmfoialKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

fldaK uksuq fldaK uksuq fldaK uksuq fldaK uksuq fldaK uksuq; kï lruq kï lruq kï lruq kï lruq kï lruq; w¢uq w¢uq w¢uq w¢uq w¢uq

1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi

• my; i|yka fldaK w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq fldaK j¾.h flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak

fldaKh 1 fldaKh 2

fldaKh 3 fldaKh 4

C

O D

A

O B

M

ON

QO

P

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• fldaKudkh Ndú;fhka tys úYd,;ajh fiùug l%uhla fhdackd lr

tys úYd,;ajh wxYlj,ska ,nd.kak. • § we;s wlaIr fhdod .ksñka fldaKh kï l< yels l%uhla ms<sn| j

idlÉPd lrkak. • Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq fldaK j¾.hg u wh;a fjk;a úYd,;ajhlska

hq;a fldaKhla fhdackd lr tu m%udKhg fldaKhla we| kï lrkak. • ks¾udKYS,s j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.


• my; oelafjk fldaK j¾. w;frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk fldaK

j¾. fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

^1& iq¿ fldaK ;=kla ^2& iq¿ fldaK folla yd iDcqfldaKhla

^3& iDcqfldaKhla yd ^4& iq¿fldaK folla yd uyd uyd fldaK folla fldaKhla

• ,enqk fldaK j¾.hg wod< úYd,;ajfhka hq;a fldaK ;=kla

w¢kak. • YS¾I yd ndyq iïnkaO lrñka fldaK folla ne.ska tla lsÍug

l%uhla idlÉPd lrkak. tu.ska iEfok fldaKfha j¾.h ms<sn|

.fõIKhl fhfokak. fldaK hq., ;=kla i|yd fufia f;dr;=re /ia

lrkak. • Tn ,nd.;a f;dr;=re u; úúO fldaK folla tl;=fjka ,efnk

fldaK j¾.h úuiqulg Ndckh lrkaak. • lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udkKYS,S j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

iQodkï jkak.

66

08' iÈY ixLHd

ksmqK;dj 1 : tÈfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd ;d;a;aúl ixLHd l=,lh ;=<

.Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 1'1 : ixLHd w;r iïnkaO;d úu¾Ykh lrhs.ls%hdldrlu 1'1 : iÈY ixLHd y÷kd .ksuq.ld,h : ñks;a;= 105 hs..=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 1' 1' 1 g we;=<;a ixLHd

f¾Ldfõ rEm igyk.• weuqKqu 1' 1' 2 g we;=<;a .fõIK

Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla.• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 1'1'1' • ixLHd f¾Ldfõ rEmigyk mka;shg

bÈßm;a lrñka tys oelafjk ,laIHj,ska ksrEmKh jk ixLHd ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka

úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak.

• ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ,laIHhlska

ksÅ,hla ksrEmKh l< yels nj. • Ok yd iDK mQ¾K ixLHd Ok

ksÅ, yd iDK ksÅ, f,i

y÷kajk nj. ^ñks;a;= 10hs&

mshjr 1'1'2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fjka

lrkak' .• .fõIK Wmoia äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a

lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak.• .fõIK Wmfoia ys m<uq fldgi fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak'

• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak.• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd

l=vd lKavdhï iQodkï lrjkak.

ñks;a;= 30hs&

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mshjr 1'1'3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd

lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u

wjia:dj fokak.• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd

úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak.

• Ok fyda iDK ,l=K iys; ixLHd iÈY

ixLHd nj. • Ok ksÅ," iDK ksÅ," ÈYdjla iys; Nd. yd

oYu ixLHd iÈY ixLHdj,g wh;a jk nj.

• ys ixLHd f¾Ldfõ msysàu yd

w;r yß ueÈka nj.

• iEu iÈY ixLHdjlg u ixLHd f¾Ldj u;

msysàula we;s nj. • “0’ g ÈYdjla fkdue;s neúka th iÈY

ixLHdjla fkdjk nj'

^ñks;a;= 25hs&

mshjr 1'1'4: • mQ¾j lKavdhï kej; ilia lrkak.• .fõIK Wmfoia ys fojk fldgi fj; lKavdhïj,

wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh

mjrkak.• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak.• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï

lrjkak.^ñks;a;= 20hs&

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mshjr 1'1'5 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd

lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd

m%:u wjia:dj fokak.• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd

úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia


• Ok ixLHd foll tl;=j Ok ixLHdjla

nj. • iDK ixLHd foll tl;=j iDK ixLHdjla

nj. • úcd;Sh ,l=Kq iys; ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï

§ ms<s;=fr ys ,l=K ixLHd wkqj fjkia

jk nj. • iÈY ixLHd o ksÅ, tl;= lrk wdldrhg

u tl;= l< yels nj.

^ñks;a;= 20hs&

;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl : • iÈY ixLHd i|yd WodyrK olajhs. • Y+kHh f,i uÜgula f;dard .;a úg thg wvq yd jeä ;;a;aj

oelaùfï § iÈY ixLHd fhdod .; yels nj ms<s.kshs. • iÈY ixLHd tl;= lrhs. • ixlS¾K wjia:d ir, lr .ekSug rEmsl ksrEmK fhdod .kshs. • ixlS¾K ls%hdj,shl fh§fï § ir, foh wkq.ukh lrhs.

69

weuqKqu 1.1.1

ixLHd f¾Ldj - rEmigyk

69

A = B = C = D = E =

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weuqKqu 1. 1. 2


iÈY ixLHd y÷kd .ksuq

1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgi1 fldgimy; oelafjk ixLHd ldKav w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq ixLHd

ldKavh fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

ixLHd ldKavh ^1&

ixLHd ldKavh 11&

ixLHd ldKavh ^111&

ixLHd ldKavh ^1v)

• Tn óg fmr W.;a ksÅ, yd ksÅ, fkdjk ixLHd w;r we;s fjki

idlÉPd lrkak.• fuu ÈYdjla iys; ixLHd we;=<;a ixLHd l=,lhg kula fhdackd

lrkak.• ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| fuu ixLHd tys ,l=Kq lrkak.• Nd. yd oYu ixLHd ,l=Kq lsÍfï § tu msysàu ;SrKh l< wdldrh

úia;r lrkak.• by; oelajQ ixLHd l=,lfha ,laIK wkqj “ 0 ’’ tu l=,lhg wh;a fõ

oehs idlÉPd lrkak.• Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,s j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï jkak.


my; oelafjk ixLHd ldKav w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq ixLHd

ldKavh fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

ixLHd ldKavh ^1& 0 ;a 10 ;a w;r Ok ksÅ,ixLHd ldKavh ^11& 0 ;a -10;a w;r iDK ksÅ,

• Tng ,enqKq ixLHd ldKavhg wh;a ksÅ, folla ,shd .kak.• tu ixLHd fol tl;=fjka ,efnk ms<s;=r ,nd .kak.

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• fm< fmd; wOHhkh lr iÈY ixLHd tl;= lsÍu ms<sn| j lreKq fidhd .ekSfuka by; ixLHd fol tl;= lrk wdldrh ixLHd

f¾Ldjl ksrEmKh lrkak.• tys § ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak.• ta wkqj - 10 ;a + 10 ;a w;r Ok ksÅ,hla yd iDK ksÅ,hla tl;=

lr ms<s;=r ,nd .kakd wdldrh ixLHd f¾Ldjl ksrEmKh lrkak.• ksÅ, fkdjk iÈY ixLHd folla tl;= lsÍfï § fuu l%uh u

wkq.ukh l< yels oehs idlÉPd lrkak.• Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,s j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï jkak.

72

09' Nd. I

ksmqK;dj : tÈfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlr .ekSui|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=< .Ks; l¾u

yiqrejhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3'1 : Nd. yd oYu wdYs%; m%udKhka ii|hs.

ls%hdldrlu 3'1 : Nd." oYu in|;d y÷kd .ksuq.

ld,h : ñks;a;= 120hs .

.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 3.1.1 g we;=<;a igyk.• weuqKqu 3. 1. 2 g we;=<;a .fõIK

Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a ;=kla.• weuqKqu 3 .1.2 i|yka wdldrhg iudk fldgiaj,g fnod w÷re lrk ,o ldâfndaâ j,ska lmd .;a

jD;a;dldr wdia;r oyhla .• flakaøsl Lkavfha fldaKh la jk jD;a;

LKav y;la .• flakaøsl LKavfha fldaKh la jk jD;a;

LKav y;rla.• w¾O jD;a; myla .• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :

mshjr 3. 1. 1 : • rEm igyk mka;sh bÈßfha m%¾Yk lrkak

• tys oelafjk foa meyeÈ,s lsÍug isiqka fhduq lrjkak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak . • tallhla iudk fldgiaj,g fn§fuka Nd. ,efnk

nj. • yrhg jvd úYd,;ajfhka wvq ixLHdjla ,jfhys

we;s Nd. kshu Nd. nj. • mQ¾K ixLHd iy Nd. we;=<;a ixLHd ‘ñY% ixLHd’ nj'

• Nd. ixLHdjl yrh iy ,jh tlu ixLHdjlska .=K

lsÍfuka fyda fn§fukaa ;=,H Nd. ,efnk nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&

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mshjr 3' 1' 3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd

lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh

i|yd m%:u wjia:dj fokak.• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul

fhdackd úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia


• > fyda < ,l=K fhdod Nd. folla

iei¢h yels nj.• ;=,H Nd. weiqfrka Nd. iei¢h

yels nj.

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

mshjr 3' 1' 4 : • mQ¾j lKavdhï kej; ilia lrkak.• .fõIK Wmfoiaj, fojk fldgi

fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduqlrta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd

fokak.• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys

fhdojkak.• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula

i|yd l=vd lKavdhï iQodkï

lrjkak.

mshjr 3.1.2 : • isiqka l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fjka

lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoia" jD;a;dldr wdia;r"

äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï

w;r fnod fokak.• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduqlr ta ta lKavdhug

wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak.• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys

fhdojkak.• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd l=vd lKavdhï iQodkï

lrjkak.

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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weuqKqu 3'1'1

rEm igykrEm igykrEm igykrEm igykrEm igyk

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mshjr 3'1'5 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug

l=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak.• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh

i|yd m%:u wjia:dj fokak.• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul

fhdackd úuikak.• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak

• ,jh yrh g jvd úYd, jQ Nd.hla

úIu Nd.hla f,i kï lrk nj.• úIu Nd.hla ñY% ixLHdjlska

oelaùug fn§fï l%u fhdod .;

yels nj.• idudkH Nd. oYuj,g;a" wka;

oYu idudkH Nd. j,g;a

mßj¾;kh l< yels nj.

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl :

• Nd.hla yd oYu ixLHdjla ii|k wdldrh úia;r lrhs.• tlu m%udKhla" Nd." oYu fyda ñY% ixLHd hk l=uk wdldrfhka

oelajQ j o tys úYd,;ajfhys fjkila ke;s nj ms<s.kshs.• Nd. úúO wdldrj,ska ksjerÈj ,shd olajhs.• ksjerÈ l%u wkq.ukh lrñka idOdrKj fnod yod .kshs.• úhqla; ixl,am rEmsl ksrEmK weiqßka ú.%y lrhs.

76

weuqKqu 3'1'2


Nd. oYu in|;d y÷kd .ksuq

( 1 & fldgi& fldgi& fldgi& fldgi& fldgi • Nd. oelafjk rEm lÜg, w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk rEm lÜg,h fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• tu rEm foflys w÷re l< fldgia Nd. f,i olajkak' • w÷re l< fldgia lmd fjka lsÍfuka fyda fjk;a l%uhlska tajdfha úYd,;aj

ii|kak' • > fyda < ,l=Kq ksjerÈj fhdod Nd. fol iïnkaO lrkak' • Tn ,shq Nd. fol ;=,H Nd. weiqßka iei£ug l%uhla idlÉPd lrkak' • ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsßulg iQodkï jkak'

i lÜg,h

ii lÜg,h

iii lÜg,h

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^11& fldgi^11& fldgi^11& fldgi^11& fldgi^11& fldgi

• my; oelafjk jD;a; fldgia w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk jD;a;

fldgia flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

^1&^1&^1&^1&^1& ^11& ^11& ^11& ^11& ^11& ^111&^111&^111&^111&^111&

• tu tla jD;a; fldgila iïmQ¾K jD;a;hlska ljr Nd.hla oehs

i|yka lrkak.• ta wkqj Tng ,eî we;s ish¨ jD;a; fldgia tl;= lr ms<s;=r

Nd.hla f,i olajkak.• tu jD;a; fldgia ish,a, Ndú; lrñka ms<sfh, l< yels ñY%

ixLHdj ,shkak.• uq,a jD;a; fldgiaj,ska oelajq Nd.h yd ñY% ixLHdj iudk neúka

ñY% ixLHdjla Nd.hla f,i ,súh yels wdldrh meyeÈ,s lrkak.• my; i|yka rEmfhka ksrEmKh jk ixLHdj Nd.hla wdldrfhka o

oYu wdldrfhka o ,shkak.

77

fldgia 7 hs fldgia 4 hs fldgia 5 hs

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• Tn ,shq Nd.h iy oYu ixLHdj w;r iïnkaOhla ;sfíoehs

idlÉPd lrkak.• iuia; lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍulg iQodkï

jkak.

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09. Nd. II

ksmqK;dj 0303030303 : tÈfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlr .ekSu i|yd tall yd tall fldgia ;=< .Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs.

ksmqK;d uÜgu 3.2 : Nd., .Ks; l¾uj, yiqrejhs.

ls%hdldrlu 3.2 : Nd. tl;= lruq ,wvq lruq.


.=Kd;aul fhojqï : • weuqKqu 3. 2. 1 g wh;a igyfka úYd,s;

m%udKfha msgm;la .• weuqKqu 3. 2.2 g wh;a .fõIK Wmfoia

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a 4 la .• iudk fldgia wglg fnok ,o r;=mdg

iup;=ri% 12 la.• iudk fldgia 12 lg fnok ,o ks,amdg

iDcqfldaKdi% 10 la.• iudk fldgia 6 lg fnok ,o fld< mdg

iumdo ;s%fldaK 11 la .• äuhs fld<, meiag,a ,.ï, l;=re.

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh :mshjr 3. 2. 1 : • úYd,s; m%udKfha igyk mka;sh bÈßfha

m%o¾Ykh lr tys we;=<;a Nd. tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu iïnkaO j isiqkaf.ka úuikak.

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak.

• yrhka iudk Nd. tl;= lsÍfï § yrh fkdfjkia j mj;sk w;r ,jhka muKla tl;= jk nj.

• yrhka iudk Nd. wvq lsÍfï § yrh fkdfjkia j mj;sk w;r ,jhkaf.a muKla wka;rh ,nd.; hq;= nj. • yrh wiudk Nd. tl;= lsÍfï § yd wvq

lsÍfï § ;=,H Nd. u.ska yrh iudk Nd. njg m;a l< hq;= nj.

^ïks;a;= 15hs&

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mshjr 3'2'2 : • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg

fjka lrkak. • .fõIK Wmfoia , rEm lÜg,,

äuhs fld<, .ï, l;=re lKavdhï

w;r fnod fokak. • .fõIK Wmfoia fj;

lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr tata lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrd

fokak. • l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys

fhdojkak. • iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula

i|yd l=vd lKavdhï iQodkï

lrjkak. ^ñks;a;= 30hs&

mshjr 3'2'3 : • lKavdhï wkdjrK bosrsm;a lsrSugl=vd lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj

,ndfokak. • bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u

úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

fokak. • wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul

fhdackd úuikak. • my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia

iudf,dapkhl fhfokak. ñks;a;= 25hs&

• ñY% ixLHd tl;= lsÍfï § m<uqj mQ¾K ixLHd o fojkqj

Nd. o tl;= lsÍu myiq nj. • ñY% ixLHd wvq lsÍfï § m<uqj mQ¾K ixLHd o fojkqj Nd. o

wvq lsÍu myiq nj. • ñY% ixLHd wvq lsÍfï § wvq l< hq;= Nd.h úYd, jq úg mQ¾K ixLHdfjkaaa tallhla f.k

wvq l< hq;= nj. • úYu Nd. njg m;alsÍfuka o" ñY% ixLHd tl;= lsÍu yd wvq

lsÍu l< yels nj.

^ñks;a;= 30hs &

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;lafiare yd we.hSï ksa¾Kdhl :

• fokq ,nk ñY% ixLHd rEm Ndú;fhka ksjerÈ j ksrEmKh lrhss.• ñY% ixLHd úYu Nd. njg m;a lsÍfuka tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu l<

yels nj ms<s.kshss.• ñY% ixLHd tl;= lrhs; wvq lrhss.• úhqla; ixl,am ixhqla;j olajhs.• lKavdhu ;=< iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrhs.

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weuqKqu 3.2.1 igykigykigykigykigyk

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weuqKqu 3.2.2lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

Nd. tl;= lruq ; wvq lruq

• my; oelafjk rEm lÜg, yd ñY% ixLHd w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq rEm lÜg,h yd ñY% ixLHd fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

^1& rEm lÜg,h rEm 12la & 2& rEm lÜg,h rEm 10 la&

^3& lÜg,h rEm 11 la & 4& lÜg,h rEm 11 la&

• rEm lÜg,h fhdod .ksñka tu ñY% ixLHd foflys ftlHh ,nd .kak. tu ftlHh ,nd .kakd wdldrh idlÉPd lrkak.• tu wdldrhg u úYd, ñY% ixLHdjlska l=vd ñY% ixLHdjla wvq lsÍug rEm lÜg,h fhdod .kakd whqre úia;r lrkak.• rEm Ndú; fkdlr ñY% ixLHd tl;= lsÍu yd wvq lsÍu i|yd ;=,H Nd. weiqßka fjk;a l%uhla fhdackd lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

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10s' oYu

ksmqK;dj 3 ( tÈfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d myiqfjka bgqlr .eksu i|yd

tall yd tall fldgia ;=< .Ks; l¾u yiqrejhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu3'3 ( oYu, .Ks; l¾uj, yiqrejhs'

l%shdldrlu 3'3 ( oYu .=K lruq; fnouq'

ld,h ( ñks;a;= 105 hs'

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • oYu ixLHd ksrEmKh l< yels .Kl rduqjla

• weuqKqu 3'3'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a ;=kla

• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a

bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (

mshjr 3'3'1 ( • l¿,E,a, u; oYu ixLHdjla ,shkak'

• bÈßhg leojd.;a isiqfjl=g tu oYu ixLHdj .Kl

rduqfjys ksrEmKh lsÍug Wmfoia fokak'

• tu oYu ixLHdfõ tla tla b,lalfï ia:dkSh w.h

úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jkfia idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'

• oYu ixLHdjla .Kl rduqjlska ksrEmKh l< yels

nj'

• oYu ixLHdjl tla tla b,lalug ksYaÑ; ia:dkSh

w.hla we;s nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&

mshjr 3'3'2 ( • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï y;rlg fjka lrkak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia, äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï

w;r fnod fokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia ys m<uq fldgi fj; lKavdhïj,

wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h

mjrkak'

• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfha fhdojkak'

• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsßula i|yd iQodkï

lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

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mshjr 3'3'3 ( • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsßug l=vd

lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u

wjia:dj ,ndfokak'

• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

• oYu ixLHdjla mQ¾K ixLHdjlska .=KlsÍfï §, .=KHfha oYuia:dk .Kk u .=Ks;hg ,efnk nj'

• oYu ixLHdjlska mQ¾K ixLHdjla fn§fï § ,íêfha

oYuia:dk .Kk Ndclh wkqj fjkia jk nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&

mshjr 3'3'4 ( • mQ¾j lKavdhï kej; ilia lrkak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia ys fojk fldgi fj; lKavdhïj,

wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrkak'


• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

mshjr 3'3'5 ( • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd lKavdhïj,g

wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj fokak'


• my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

• oYu ixLHdjla, oyfha n,hlska .=K lsÍfï §

.=KHh;a, .=Ks;h;a w;r iïnkaOhla we;s nj'

ksoiqka ( 2.583 x 100 = 258.3 2.5 x 1000 = 2500

• oYu ixLHdjla, oyfha n,hlska fn§fï § NdcHh;a, ,íêh;a w;r iïnkaOhla we;s nj'

ksoiqka ( 17.5 ÷ 100 = 0.175 2.5 ÷ 1000 = 0.0025

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&

86

;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (((((

• oYu ixLHdjla oyfha n,j,ska .=KlsÍfï § yd fn§fï § fhdod.kakd flá

l%uúia;r lrhs'

• oYu ixLHdjla oyfha n,j,ska .=KlsÍfï § yd fn§fï § ms<s;=r ufkdaufhka

,nd.; yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• oYu ixLHdjla mQ¾K ixLHdj,ska .=Klrhs; fnohs

• wkH lKavdhïj, woyia úpdrYS,Sj i,ld n,hs'

• ,efnk m%;sM, ksÍlaIKh lrñka ksjerÈ ;SrKj,g t<fUhs'

87

weuqKqu 3'3'1


oYu .=K lruq. fnouq

I fldgifldgifldgifldgifldgi

my; ±lafjkafka iudk È.ska hq;a îu ng tlsfklg hd lr idod we;s rduq

ksrEmKh jk ixjD; rEm lSmhls' îu nghl È. 7.5 cm ls.

i rEmh ii rEmh iii rEmh

• by; orlafjk rEm w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq rEmh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak'

• tu rEmfhka ±lafjk rduqj idod we;s îu ngj, uq¿ È. fiùug wjYH jQ YsIHfhla tla

tla ngfha È. tl;= lsÍfuka uq¿ È. fidhk ,È' tu w.h fiùu i|yd by; i|yka

l%uhg jvd myiq l%uhla lKavdhu ;=< idlÉPd lr fhdackd lrkak'

• by; i|yka È.e;s tla îu nghla muKla Ndú; lr iumdo ;s%fldaKdldr rduqjla

iEÿfõ kï tys me;a;l È. fidhkak'

• Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'

II fldgi fldgi fldgi fldgi fldgi

• my; i|yka ±lafjk fldgia w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq fldgi fj; wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

I fldgi II fldgi III fldgi

2.75 x 10 5.63 x 10 8.78 x 10 2.75 x 100 5.63 x 100 8.78 x 100

627.8 ÷ 10 765.9 ÷ 10 958.5 ÷ 10 627.8 ÷ 100 765.9 ÷ 100 958.5 ÷ 100

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• tys we;=<;a .=KlsÍï yd fn§ï lrkak"

• oYu ixLHdjla 10, 100, 1000 jeks ixLHdj,ska .=KlsÍfï § oYuia:dkh fjkia jk

whqre idlÉPd lrkak"

• oYu ixLHdjla 10, 100, 1000 jeks ixLHdj,ska fn§fï § oYuia:dkh fjkiajk whqre

meyeÈ,s lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK ;=<ska oYu ixLHdjla 10 n,j,ska .=KlsÍfï § yd fn§fï § oYu ;sf;ys

ia:dkh fjkia lsÍfuka ms<s;=re myiqfjka ,nd.ekSug l%uhla fhdackd lrkak'

• Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,s f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'

89

11' ùÔh m%ldYk

ksmqK;dj 14 ( úúO l%u úê l%udkql+, j .fõIKh lrñka ùÔh m%ldYk

iq¿ lrhs'

ksmqK;dj 14.1 ( .Ks; l¾u y;ru we;=<;a ùÔh m%ldYk f.dv k.hs'

ksmqK;dj 14.1 ( ùÔh m%ldYk f.dvk.uq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 14'1'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a y;rla'

• äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a'


mshjr 14'1'1 ( • x + 3 yd y - 5 jeks ùÔh m%ldYk f.dvke.Su yd tajdfha

w{d;j, ix.=Kl ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• ùÔh mo .Ks; l¾u u.ska iïnkaO ùfuka ùÔh

m%ldYk ,efnk nj'

• lsishï f;dr;=rla fláfhka bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd

ùÔh m%ldYk fhdod.; yels nj'

• w{d;hka .=K ù we;s ixLHdj tys ix.=Klh jk

nj'

^ñks;a;+ 15 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia, äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhïj,g

fnod fokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduqlr

ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak'

• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'

• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&Cop

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wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


wjia:dj fokak'


• my; lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'

• fok ,o f;dr;=rej,g wkqj ùÔh m%ldYk

f.dvke.sh yels nj'

• ùÔh m%ldYkhl w{d;j, ix.=Klh Nd. jk

wjia:d o ;sìh yels nj'

• ùÔh m%ldYk u.ska f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh myiq

lr .; yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

;lafiare yd we.hSï ks¾Kdhl (

• fok ,o f;dr;=re wkqj ùÔh m%ldYkhla f.dv k.k wdldrh úia;r lrhs'

• ùÔh m%ldYk Ndú;fhka f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh myiq jk nj ms<s.kshs'

• fok ,o f;dr;=re u; ùÔh m%ldYk f.dv k.hs'

• mßirfhka /ia lr .kakd f;dr;=re leálr olajhs'

• lKavdhï yeÕSfuka hq;=j lghq;= lrhs'

90

91


ùÔh m%ldYk f.dvk.uq

,sms øjH lsysmhl ñ, ms<sn| igykla my; ±lafõ'

th fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'

• fmd;l ñ, re x o mekl ñ, y o fõ'

• mekai,l ñ, fmd;l ñf,ka yß wvls'

• ulkhl ñ, mEkl ñ,g jvd re: 5 la wvq h'

• Tn wOHhkh l< f;dr;=re wkqj mekai,l yd ulkhl ñ, ±laùu i|yd

ùÔh m%ldYk f.dvk.kak'

• my; øjH lÜg, w;frka Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s øjH lÜg,h fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

øjH lÜg,h ( ^1& fmd;a 2la yd ulk 1la

^2& mEka 5la yd mekai,a 3la

^3& fmd;a 2la yd ulk 2la

^4& mekai,a 1la yd ulk 1la

• Tng ,enqKq øjH lÜg,h ñ, § .ekSu i|yd f.úh hq;= uqo, ±laùug ùÔh

m%ldYkhla f.dv k.kak'

• by; Tn wOHhkh l< ñ, igykg wod< j Tn leue;s øjH lÜg,hla ñ,

§ .ekSu i|yd f.úh hq;= uqo, ±laùug ùÔh m%ldYkhla f.dvk.kak'

• ks¾udKYS, Sj iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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11' ùÔh m%ldYk II

ksmqK;dj 14 ( úúO l%uúê l%udkql+, j .fõIKh lrñka ùÔh m%ldYk

iq¿ lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 14'2 ( icd;Sh yd úcd;Sh mo we;=<;a ùÔh m%ldYk iq¿ lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 14'2 ( .eg¨ úi£ug ùÔh m%ldYk iq¿ lruq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 14'2'1g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a ;=kla


bf.kqï b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh (

mshjr 14'2'1 ( • fjkia ùÔh ixfla; wvx.= ùÔh mo iy ixLHd;aul

w.hka lsysmhla l¿,E,af,ys ,shkak'

• tajdfha ,laIK wkqj j¾. l< yels l%u ms<sn| j

isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• ùÔh fldgia iudkjk mo icd;Sh mo nj'

• úÔh fldgia wiudk jk mo úcd;Sh mo nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&

mshjr 14'2'2 ( • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï ;=klg fjka lrkak'


w;r fnod fokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq

lr ta ta lKavdug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak'



^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj fokak'



fhfokak'

• icd;Sh mo folla, ;ks mohla ,efnk fia tl;=

l< yels nj'

• icd;Sh mo follaa, ;ks mohla ,efnk fia wvq l<

yels nj'

• úcd;Sh mo folla ;jÿrg;a tl;= lsÍug fyda wvq

lsÍug Ndckh lr ;ks mohla ,nd.; fkdyels nj'

• w{d; i|yd ixLHd;aul w.hka wdfoaY lr iq¿

lsÍfuka m%ldYkh i|yd ixLHd;aul w.hkaa

,efnk nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• icd;Sh mo yd úcd;Sh mo we;=<;a m%ldYk iq¿ lrk wdldrh úia;r lrhs'

• ùÔh m%ldYk iq¿ lsÍfï § icd;Sh yd úcd;Sh mo fjkalr y\qkd.; hq;= nj

ms<s.kshs'

• icd;Sh yd úcd;Sh mo iys; ùÔh m%ldYk iq¿ lrhs'

• iïm;aj,g .e,fmk mßÈ øjH lÜg, f;darhs'

• .eg¨ úi§ug ir, l%u fhdod .kshs'

94

weuqKqu 14'2'1


.eg¨ úi§ug ùcSh m%ldYk iq¿ lruq

• ùÔh m%ldYk weiqfrka ieliQ ñ, o¾Ykhla my; ±lafõ' th fyd¢ka

ksÍlaIKh lrkak'

ñ, o¾Ykh

øjHh ñ, - remsh,a

nksia f.ähla xt<j¿ frdáhla 2xlv, mSßishla yìialÜ meleÜgqjla 5xflala f.ähla 10ylsß f;a tlla xmeKs îu fnda;,hla 3yfhda.Ü tlla 2yud¿ mdka tlla 3xmeáia tlla

• my; ±lafjk øjH lÜg, w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk øjH lÜg,hgwod< j § we;s ld¾hfhys ksr;jkak'

øjH lÜg,h

1 nksia f.ä 01, lv, mSßis 02, lsß f;a 02, meáia 02

2 ìialÜ melÜ 02, flala f.ä 01, fhda.Ü 02, meáia 04

3 ud¿ mdka 01, meáia 02, lsß f;a 03, lv, mSßis 04

4 ìialÜ melÜ 01, flala f.ä 01, lsß f;a 03, meáia 02

• § we;s ñ, o¾Yk wkqj Tng ,efnk øjH lÜg,fha uq¿ jákdlu i|yd

úÔh m%ldYkhla ,shd th yels;dla iq¿ lrkak'

• tu jákdlug .e,fmk fjk;a øjH lÜg, yels;dla ms<sfh, lrkak'w{d;h w.h x 5 y 10

• by; j.=fjys i|yka w{d;fhys w.h wdfoaY lr Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq

ñf,ys ixLHd;aul w.h fidhkak'

• ks¾udKYS,s j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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12' iudka;r f¾Ld

ksmqK;dj 21 ( úúO fldaK w;r iïnkaO;d úu¾Ykh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 21'3 ( ir, f¾Ld hq.,hl iudka;r;dj úuihs'

l%shdldrlu 21'3 ( ir, f¾Ld hq.,hl iudka;r;dj msßlaiuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 21'3'1 g we;=<;a mska;+r igyk

• weuqKqu 21'3'2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a ;=kla

• ir, odr ;=kla'

• úys; p;=ri% hq., ;=kla'



mshjr 21'3'1 ( • mska;+r igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lrñka tys we;s tla

tla f¾Ld hq., w;r iïnkaO;dj ms<sn| j úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyjkak'

• iuyr ir, f¾Ld tlsfkl fÊokh fkdjk nj'

• iuyr ir, f¾Ld tlsfkl fÊokh jk nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia, ir, odr, úys; p;=ri%, äuhs lvodis

yd meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnodfokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoiaj, m<uq fldgi fj; lKavdhïj,

wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd

fokak'



^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'



fhfokak'

• iudk mr;rhla iys; ir, f¾Ld iudka;r nj'

• tu mr;rh f¾Ld fol w;r “,ïn ÿr” f,i

ye¢kafjk nj'

• iudka;r fkdjk f¾Ld folla w;r mr;rh úúO

,laIH j, § fjkia nj'

• iudka;r ir, f¾Ld tlsfkl fÊokh fkdjk nj'

^ñks;a;= 40 hs&

mshjr 21'3'4 ( • mQ¾j lKavdhï kej; ilialrkak'

• .fõIK Wmfoiaj, fojk fldgi fj; lKavdhïj,


• l=vd lkavdhï .fõIKfhys fhdojkak'


^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&


wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'



fhfokak'

• úys; p;=ri%h yd ir, odr Ndú;fhka iudka;r

f¾Ld we¢h yels nj'

• úys; p;=ri%h yd ir, odrhla Ndú;fhka ir, f¾Ld

hq.,hla iudka;r jk fyda fkdjk wjia:d

msßlaish yels nj'

• f¾Ld w;r ,ïn ÿr uekSfuka ir, f¾Ld hq.,hl

iudka;r;dj msßlaish yels nj'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

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• fok ,o ir, f¾Ld hq.,hla iudka;r jk fyda iudka;r fkdjk nj

m%ldY lrhs'

• mßirfha we;s úúO jia;+kaf.a ks¾ñ; odr, iudka;r jk nj fyda iudka;r

fkdjk nj ms<s.kshs'

• ir, odr yd úys; p;=ri% Ndú;fhka iudka;r f¾Ld ks¾udKh lrhs'

• lKavdhï ls%hdldrlïj, § úpdrYS,Sj ls%hdlrhs'

• ,nd.;a ñkqï weiqfrka ksjerÈ ks.ukj,g t<fUhs'

weuqKqu 21.3.1mskaa;+r igykmskaa;+r igykmskaa;+r igykmskaa;+r igykmskaa;+r igyk

ksji

bKsuÕ

we|

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weuqKqu 21'3'2


I fldgi ir, f¾Ld hq.,hl iudka;r;dj msßlaiuq

3 1 3 2 2 2 3

1 1

rEmigyk A rEmigyk B rEmigyk C

• my; ±lafjk rEm igyka w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq rEmigyk ms<sn|

j wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• úys; p;=ri%h yd ir, odrh Ndú;fhka 1 yd 2, 2 yd 3, 1 yd 3 ir, f¾Ld

hq.,hka w;r mr;rh ,laIH lSmhl § fjk fjk u fidhkak'

• tla tla ir, f¾Ld hq.,hka w;r mr;rh wkqj tu ir, f¾Ld ms<sn| j

Tng l< yels ks.uk ,shd olajkak'

• lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

iQodkïjkak'

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II fldgi

• my; i|yka rEm igyka w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqK rEmigyk fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

1 rEm igyk 2 rEm igyk 3 rEm igyk

L i i y E

x F

ii (a) m ii (a) ii (a) P Q L

y

x P B F

A E M L Q (b) (b) P (b)

R P A

Q B

D Q M S C

• (i) ys ±lafjk ir, f¾Ld LKavh äuhs lvodisfha msgm;a lr.kak'

tu ir, f¾Ld LKavhg 3 cm la ÿßka jk mßÈ iudka;r f¾Ldjla úysÈ p;=ri%

yd ir, odrh Ndú;fhka w¢kak'

• (ii) ys (a) yd (b) fldgiaj, ±lafjk ir, f¾Ld hq., iudka;r fõ o,iudka;r fkdfõ o hkakg fya;= ,shd olajkak'

• lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,Sj iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï

jkak

i

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13' È. I

ksmqK;dj 07 ( mßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;=

M,odhS f,i bgqlr .kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'1 ( úúO wjYH;d i|yd È. wdYs%; ñkqï uQ,sl .Ks; l¾uhgf;a yiqrejhs'

l%shdldrlu 7'1 ( È. ñkqï i|yd .Ks; l¾u fhdouq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • ñkqï WmlrK óg¾ fldaÿj, ñkqï má, kdo frdaoh'&


msgm;a y;rla'



mshjr 7'1'1 ( • È. uekSu i|yd fhdod.kakd ñkqï WmlrK mka;sh

bÈßfha m%o¾Ykh lr tajd fhdod .kakd wjia:d ms<sn|

j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


• l=vd È.la uekSu i|yd fikaàóg¾, ñ,sóg¾ we;=<;a

fldaÿj Ndú; l< hq;= nj'

• úYd, È.la uekSug ógr yd fikaáógr we;=<;a

ógr fldaÿj fyda ñkqï má Ndú; l< hq;= nj'

• 10mm = 1cm nj

• 100cm = 1m nj

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&



w;r fnodfokak'


lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak'


• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd l=vd lKAvdhï

iQodkï lrjkak'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&

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wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


• my; i|yka lreKqq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

• È. ñkqï tl;= lsÍfï § tall wkqj fjk fjku

tl;= l< hq;= nj'

• f.khdï iys; wjia:dj, § tall mßj¾;khla l<

hq;= nj'

• È. ñkqï wvq lsÍfï § tall wkqj fjk fjku wvq

l< hq;= jk w;r f.ktaïj, § tall mßj¾;kh

ksis mßos isÿ úh hq;= nj'

• È. ñkqï .=K lsÍfï § tall wkqj fjk fjk u

.=K l< hq;= nj'

• È. ñkqï .=K lsÍfï § wjYH wjia:dj, § tall

mßj¾;khla isÿ l< hq;= nj'

• È. ñkqï fn§fï § úYd, u tallh uq,ska u fn§fuka

fYaIhla we;akï B<Õ tallhg mßj¾;kh lr tl;=

lsÍfuka miqj kej; fnÈh hq;= nj'

^ñks;a;= 20&


• È. wdYs%; ñkqïj,g .Ks; l¾u fhdok wdldrh úia;r lrhss'

• tÈfkod mßfNdackfha § kdia;sh j<lajd .ekSu i|yd È. wdYs%; ñkqï

m%fhdackj;a jk nj ms<s.kshs'

• È. wdYs%; ñkqï .=K lrhs; fnohs'

• lKavdhï jYfhka lghq;= lsÍfï § lemùfuka hq;=j j.lSï bgqlrhs'

• tÈfkod lghq;= ld¾hlaIu j yd ksjerÈj isÿ lrhs'

102


È. ñkqï i|yd .Ks; l¾u fhdouq

my; ±lafjk wjia:d w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

1 wjia:dj

4cm 3mm 6cm 8mm lvodis máh

2 cm 80cm kQ,a len,s

1cm 35 cm• iïmQ¾K lvodis máfha È. fiùu'

• kQ,a len,s foflysu uq¿ È. fiùu'

2 wjia:dj

11cm 2 mm lvodis máh

5 m 35cm 2 m 78 cm kQ,a len,s

• uq¿ lvodis máfhka mdg l< fldgi bj;a l< miq b;sß fldgfia È.

fiùu'• È. kQ,a lene,af,ka l=vd kQ,a lene,a,g iudk m%udKhla lmd bj;a l<

úg b;sß lene,af,a È. fiùu'

3 wjia:dj

2cm 6mm 2cm 6mm 2cm 6mm 2cm 6mm l lvodis máh

1 m 35 cm 1 m 35 cm 1 m 35 cm lvÈis máh

• tl;= lsÍfuka f;drj tla tla lvodis máfha uq¿ È. fiùu'

4 wjia:dj 3 cm 9 m

lvodis máh

• lvodis máh iudk fldgia ;=klg fnod we;'

15 m 45 cm lvodis máh

• lvodis máh iudk fldgia mylg fnod we;'

• tla tla pvodis máfha tla fldgil È. fiùu'

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• tys i|yka ld¾hhka fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr fm< fmd; o weiqre lr.ksñka

wod< È. fidhkak'

• ms<s;=r ,nd.;a l%ufõoh idlÉPd lrkak'

• ffoksl lghq;=j, § È. wdYs%; ñkqï yiqrejk wjia:d i|yd ksoiqka

olajkak'

• Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,Sj iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

iQodkï jkak'

104

13' È. II

ksmqK;dj 07 ( mßñ;sh fiùfï l%u úu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl lghq;=

M,odhS f,i bgq lr.kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 7'2 ( ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmj, mßñ;sh i|yd iQ;% Ndú; lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 7'2 ( mßñ;sh fidhuq'



msgm;a ;=kla'

• ir, odr ;=kla'



mshjr 7'2'1 ( • ñkqï ,l=Kq lrk ,o iumdo ls%fldaKhla, iup;=ri%hla

iy iDcqfldaKdi%hla w¢k ,o ldâm;a tlska tl mka;shg

bÈßm;a lrñka tajdfha mßñ;sh ,nd .kakd wdldrh

isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


• ;, rEmhl mßñ;sh hkq tys jfÜ È. nj'

• ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmhl tla tla mdofha È.

tl;= lsÍfuka tys mßñ;sh fidhd.; yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia, ir, odr, äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a

lKavdhï w;r fnodfokak'





^ñks;a;= 25 hs&

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105


wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


• my; lreKqq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'

• mdohl È. a jQ iumdo ls%fldaKhl mßñ;sh p kï

p = 3a nj'

• mdohl È. a jQ iup;=ri%hl mßñ;sh p kï

p = 4a nj'

• È. a o, m<,b o jk iDcqfldKdaKdi%hl mßñ;sh p kï p = 2 (a+ b) nj'

• o;a; § we;s úg iQ;% Ndú;fhka mßñ;sh .Kkh

l< yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• ;s%fldaKh, iup;=ri%h yd iDcqfldKdi%fha mßñ;sh i|yd iQ;% m%ldY lrhs'

• ksjerÈj mßñ;sh fiùfuka iïm;a msßuid.; yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• iQ;% Ndú;fhka ;, rEmj, mßñ;sh fidhhs'

• idudkHlrKh lrk ,o m%;sM, iqúfYaI wjia:d i|yd fhdod .kshs'

• ls%hdj,sh id¾:l lr.ekSu i|yd iduQyslj lghq;= lrhs'

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weuqKqu 7' 2' 1


mßñ;sh fidhuq

• my; ±lafjk ;,rEm w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq ;, rEmh fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

b a

a a a a a a

a a b ;, rEm -i ;, rEm -ii ;, rEm -iii

• fm< fmd; mßYS,kfhka § we;s ùÔh mo weiqßka tys mßñ;sh i|+yd

m%ldYkhla ,shkak'

• ;, rEmfha mßñ;sh p f,i f.k p iy Tn ,nd.;a m%ldYkh w;r

iïnkaOhla ,shkak'

• ;, rEmfha mdoj, È. uek Tn ,nd.;a m%ldYkh weiqfrka tys mßñ;sh

fidhkak'

• Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq wdldrfha fjk;a ñkqï iys; ;, rEmhla we| tys

mßñ;sh fidhkak'

• mßñ;sh fiúug isÿjk wjia:d ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak'

• Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,Sj iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

iQodkï jkak'

107

14' j¾.M,h

ksmqK;dj 08 ( j¾.M,h ms<sn| úu¾Ykh lrñka iSñ; bvlv m%Yia;

uÜgñka m%fhdackhg .kshs '

ksmqK;d uÜgu 8'1 ( ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmj, j¾.M,h ms<sn| úu¾Ykh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 8'1 ( ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmj, j¾.M,h fidhuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 8'1'1 g we;=<;a mska;+r igyk'

• weuqKqu 8'1'2g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a y;rla'

• me;a;l È. 4cm, 5cm yd 7cm ne.ska jQ iup;=ri%

;=kla ne.ska jQ lÜg, folla'

• È. yd m<, ms<sfj,ska 4cm, 3cm o 5cm,4cm o 7cm,5cm o jQ iDcqfldaKdi% ;=kla ne.ska jQ lÜg, folla

• 1cm2 fldgq cd,l y;rlaa'

• ir, odr yd óg¾ rE,a y;rla'



mshjr 8'1'1 ( • mska;+r igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tajdhska jgjk bv

m%udK ms<sn| isiqka f.ka úuikak'


fufyjkak'

• mDIaG bv m%udKh j¾.M,h kñka ye¢kafjk nj'

• j¾. fikaáógrh 1cm2) j¾.M,h ueksfï tallhla

nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia, iDcqfldaKdi% lÜg, fyda iup;=ri%

lÜg,, 1cm2 fldgq cd,l, äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a

lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak'




^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj ,nd fokak'

• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

,nd fokak'


• my; i|yka lreKqq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

• È. a iy m<, bo jQ iDcqfldAKdi%hl j¾.M,h A kï; A = a x b nj'

• me;a;l È. a jQ iup;=ri%hl j¾.M,h A kï; A = a 2 nj'

• j¾.ógrh 1m2) ,úYd, bv m%udKhl j¾.M,h

uekSfï tallhla nj'

• j¾.M,fhka iudk jqj o úúO È. yd m<,ska hq;a

iDcqfldaKdi% ;sìh yels nj'

• tÈfkod lghq;=j, § j¾.M,h ms<sn| ksudkh

m%fhdackj;a jk nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• ;,rEmj, j¾.M,h ksudkh lrhs'

• tÈfkod lghq;=j, § j¾.M,h ms<sn| ksudkh m%fhdackj;a jk nj

ms<s.kshs'

• iup;=ri%hl yd iDcqfldaKdi%hl j¾.M,h;a tajdfha È. iy m<,;a w;r

iïnkaOh f.dvk.hs'

• wkqudkfhka ,o w.hka ienE w.hka iuÕ ikaikaokh lrhs'

• lKavdhï ls%hdldrlfï id¾:l;ajhg odhl fõ'

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109

weuqKqu 8.1.1

mska;+r igyk

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110


ir, f¾Åh ;, rEmj, j¾.M,h fidhuq

• my; ±lafjk ;, rEm lÜg, w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqKqQ ;, rEm

lÜg,h fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• 1 yd 2 iup;=ri% lÜg,

• 3 yd 4 iDcqfldaKdi% lÜg,

I

II

• tu lÜg,fhys wvx.= tla tla ;, rEmfha j¾.M,h ksudkh lrkak'

• fldgq cd,lfha l=vd fldgqjl j¾.M,h 1cm2 la kï th weiqfrka tla tla

;, rEmfhys j¾.M,h j¾. fikaáóg¾ j,ska fidhkak'

• tu w.hka ksudkfhka ,enqKq w.hka iuÕ ii|kak'

• fldgq cd,lh weiqfrka tla tla ;, rEmfhys È. iy m<, fidhd ,shkak'

• È. yd m<, weiqfrka j¾.M,h ,nd.; yels l%uhla fhdackd lrkak'

• ,nd.;a iïnkaOh weiqfrka mka;s ldurfha ìfuys j¾.M,h fidhkak'

• iDcqfldaKdi%hl j¾.M,h 36cm2 ùu i|yd tys È. yd m<, f,i ,nd.;

yels úúO w.hka ,shkak'

• tÈfkod lghq;=j, § j¾.M,h ksudkh lsÍug isÿjk wjia:d ;=kla

bÈßm;a lrkak'

6cm

4 cm § we;s ñkqï wkqj fuu rEmfha

2 cm j¾.M,h .Kkh lrkak'

10 cm 4 cm 2 cm

• ,nd.;a f;dr;=re äuhs lvodishl igyka lr ks¾udKYS,S lKavdhï

bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

i ii iii

i ii iii

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111

15' jD;a;

ksmqK;dj 27 ( cHdñ;sl kshuhka wkqj wjg mßirfha msysàïj,

iajNdjhka úYaf,aIKh lrhs '

ksmqK;d uÜgu 27'1 ( jD;a; weiqfrka fudaia;r ks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 27'1 ( ljlgqfjka jD;a; fudaia;r w¢uq'



msgm;a y;rla '

• ljlgq y;rla, l;=re y;rla '

• nd. lvodis'

• j<,a,laa, mSßishlaa, áka mshklaa, cEï fnda;,a uQähla'



mshjr 27'1'1 ( • jD;a; rgd fmkajñka jD;a; yev ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka

úuikak'


• fjk;a yev w;=ßka jD;a;dldr yev y÷kd.; yels

nj'

• jD;a;dldr yev Ndú;fhka fudaia;r ks¾udKh l<

yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia, äuhs lvodis, meiag,a yd wjYH øjH






^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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112


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'



fhfokak'

• jD;a;hl yß ueo ,laIHh “flakaøh” f,i y÷kajk

nj'

• jD;a;hla u; jQ ,CIH folla hd lsÍfuka we¢h yels

È.u ir, f¾Ldj “úIalïNh” nj'

• úIalïNh, flakaøh yryd hk nj'

• jD;a;hl flakaøfha isg jD;a;hg we;s ÿr “wrh” jk nj'

• úIalïNh, wrh fuka fo.=Khla jk nj'

• ljlgqj Ndú;fhka jD;a;hla we¢fï § ljlgqfõ

;=v ;nk ,laIHh jD;a;fha flakaøh jk nj'

• ljlgqj Ndú;fhka úúO jD;a; rgd we¢h yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 35 hs&


• jD;a;hl wrh yd úIalïNh w;r iïnkaO;dj úia;r lrhs'

• jD;a; rgd weiqfrka mßirh w,xldr l< yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• úúO wjYH;d i|yd jD;a; rgd ks¾udKh lrhs'

• fudaia;r ks¾udKh i|yd odhl fõ'

• lKavdhu ;=< ixhufhka hq;=j lghq;= lrhs'

113

weuqKqu 27' 1' 1

lKavdhï .fõIK i|yd Wmfoia

ljlgqfjka jD;a; fudaia;r w¢uq

• my; ±lafjk øjH w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk øjHh fj; wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

• j<,a,la • mSßishla

• áka mshkla • cEï fnda;,a uQähla

• th Ndú;fhka lvodish u; jD;a;dldr yevh we| lmd.kak'

• th keófuka fyda uekSfuka fyda fjk;a wdldrhlska fyda tu jD;a;dldr

yevfha yß ueo ,laIHh fidhd .kak'

• fm< fmd; mßYS,kfhka jD;a;dldr yevfha yßueo ,laIHh i|yd kula

fhdackd lrkak'

• tu jD;a;h ;=< we¢h yels os.u ir, f¾Ldjla we| tu f¾Ldjg kula

fhdackd lrkak'

• jD;a; yevfha yß ueo ,laIHfha isg jD;a;h u; we;s kEu ,laIHlg

we;s ÿr yd jD;a;h ;=< we¢ È.u ir, f¾Ldfõ È. w;r iïnkaOhla

;sfí±hs idlÉPd lrkak'

• Tn ,nd.;a jD;a;fha yßueo ,laIHfha ljlgqfõ ;=v ;nd tu jD;a;h

we| we;s wdldrh ms<sn| j ksÍlaIKh lr ljlgqj Ndú;fhka úúO

m%udKfha jD;a; ;=kla § we;s lvodish u; w¢kak'

• ljlgqj Ndú;fhka jD;a;dldr yev w¢ñka ì;a;s ieris,a,la i|yd w,xldr

fudaia;rhla ks¾udKh lrkak'

• ks¾udKYS,Sj iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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114

16' mßudj

ksmqK;dj 10 ( mßudj ms<sn| j úpdrYS,S j lghq;= lrñka wjldYfha

Wmßu M,odhs;dj ,nd.kshs '

ksmqK;d uÜgu 10'1 ( >k jia;= wjldYfha .kakd bv m%udK ms<sn| júuis,su;a fjhs'

l%shdldrlu 10'1 ( >k jia;=jlg wjYH bv m%udKh fidhuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 10'1'1 g we;=<;a rEm igyk'

• weuqKqu 10'1'2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia

m;s%ldfõ msgm;a y;rla '

• ysia .sksfmÜá 8, 10, 12, 16 ne.ska lÜg, y;rla'

• fikaá lshqí 8, 10, 12, 16 ne.ska f.k iEÿ >kldN

y;rla'



mshjr 10'1'1 ( • rEmigyk mka;sh bÈßfha m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

• rEmfha ±lafjk fodvï fmÜá fofla yevh, ;ru iy ta

wkqj wmg .;yels ;SrK ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyh jkak '

• tla fodvï fmÜáhla >kl yevh .kakd w;r

wfkla fmÜáh >kldN yevhla .kakd nj'

• >kldN yeve;s fmÜáh wfkla fmÜáh fuka

fo.=Khla muK úYd, nj'

• tla fmÜáhl wvx.= fodvï f.ä .Kk wkqj wfkla

fmÜáfha wvx.= fodvï f.ä .Kk ksudkh l<

yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&

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• .fõIK Wmfoia, äuhs lvodis, .sksfmÜá fikaá lshqí

legj,ska iEÿ >kldN iy meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnod

fokak'


lr tla tla lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrd fokak'



^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

mshjr 10'1'3( • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd lKavdhïj,g

wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;al< lKavdhug úia;drKh i|yd m<uq wjia:dj

fokak'

• wfkla lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'

• >k jia;=jlg wjYH bv m%udKh tys “mßudj” hkqfjka y÷kajk nj'

• .sksfmÜá tl;= lr iEÿ >kldNfha mßudj

.sksfmÜá ixLHdfjka m%ldY lsÍu jeks wjia:dj,

§ f;dard .kakd ,o mßud tallh jk .sksfmÜáh

wNsu; tallhla f,i y÷kajk nj'

• iïu; mßud tall >k fikaáóg¾ cm3) iy >k

óg¾ (m3) nj'

• >kldNhl mßudj tys È. x m<, x Wi u.ska

,nd.; yelsnj'

• >klhl mßudj tys me;a;l Èf.ys ;=kajk n,fhka

,nd .; yels nj'

• tÈfkod lghq;=j, § wmg we;eï >k jia;=j, mßud

ksudkh u.ska ,nd.ekSug isÿjk nj'

^ñks;a;= 35 hs&


• >kldNhl yd >klhl mßudj fidhd .; yels wdldr úia;r lrhs'• øjH yeisrúfï § tajdfha mßudj ms<sn| wjfndaOhla ;sîu m%fhdackj;a nj

ms<s.kshs'• >kldNhl mßudj wNsu; tall yd iïu; tall weiqfrka .Kkh lrhs'• ks¾udKlrKfha § yd ñkqï ,nd .ekSfï § wjYH bjiSu yd m%fõYu

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

• øjH mßyrKh lsÍfï § ksjerÈ ;SrKj,g t<fUhs'

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weuqKqu 10' 1' 1

rem igyk

m%udKfhka iudk jQ fodvï fmÜá foll wiqrd we;s wdldrh rEmfha ±lafõs'

20 cm

20 cm

20 cm

40 cm

20 cm 20 cm

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weuqKqu 10' 1' 2


>k jia;=jlg wjYH bv m%udKh fidhuq

• Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s øjH lÜg,h fj; wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

øjH lÜg,

wxl

1 .sksfmÜá 8 la iy fikaálshqí 8 lska iEÿ >kldNh

2 .sksfmÜá 10 la yd fikaálshqí 10 lska iEÿ >kldNh

3 .sksfmÜá 12 la yd fikaálshqí 12 lska iEÿ >kldNh

4 .sksfmÜá 16 la yd fikaálshqíiEÿ 16 lska >kldNh

• tla .sksfmÜáhla je,sj,ska mqrjkak'

• tu je,s m%udKh lvodishlg .;aúg tu je,sm%udKh yd .sksfmÜáfha

m%udKh ms<sn| j l=ula lsj yels o@'

• ta wkqj .sksfmÜáfha bv m%udKh i|yd kula fhdackd lrkak'

• ,eî we;s .sksfmÜá ish,a, .,md ;nd >kldNhl yevhla idokak'

• iEÿ >kldNfha È., m<, iy Wi i|yd .sksfmÜá lSh ne.ska ;sfí o@'

• >kldNfha È., m<, iy Wi i|yd we;s .sksfmÜá ixLHd iy uq¿

.sksfmÜÜ ixLHdj w;r iïnkaOhla f.dv k.kak'

• .sksfmÜá mshklg w,a,k je,s m%udKh wkqj >kldNfha bv m%udKh

ms<sn| ñkqula m%ldY l< yels h' th l=ulao@

• ,eî we;s fikaálshqí >kldNfha" wvx.= fikaálshqí ixLHdj ksudkh

lrkak'

• >kldNfha È., m<, iy Wi i|yd fikaálshqí lSh ne.ska ;sfí o@'

• fikaálshqí leg tll È., m<, iy Wi fldmuK o@'

• Tn ,nd.;a ñkqu ye¢kaùug iqÿiq tallh l=ula± hs idlÉPdlr ;SrKh

lrkak'

• >kldNhlg yd >klhlg ksoiqkla § tys È., m<, iy Wi i|yd ñkqï

igyka lr >kldNhg yd >klhg wjYH bv m%udKh .Kkh l< yels

wdldr fhdackd lrkak'

• ms<s;=re iy ks.uk äuhs lvodisj, igykalr iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a

lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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17' øj ñkqï

ksmqK;dj 11 ( øj ñkqï ms<sn| j úpdrYS,Sj lghq;= lrñka ffoksl

wjYH;d imqrd.kS'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 11'1 ( øj ñkqï uQ,sl .Ks; l¾u hgf;a yiqrejhs'

l%shdldrlu 11'1 ( øj ñkqï .=Klruqq; fnouq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 11'1'1 g wh;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a'



mshjr 11'1'1 ( • ,Sgr yd ñ,s,Sgrj,ska øj ñkqï folla l¿ ,E,a, u;

,shd tu ñkqï fol tl;= lsÍu;a wvq lsÍu;a lrk whqre

isiqkaf.ka úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk fia idlÉPdjla

fufyh jkak '

• ,Sgr iy ñ,s,Sgr j,ska øj uksk nj'

• ñ,s,Sgr 1000 la ,Sgrhlg iudk nj'

• øj ñkqï tl;= lsÍfï § yd wvq lsÍfï § ñ,s,Ssgr

,Sgrj,g;a" ,Sgr ñ,s,Sgrj,g;a mßj¾;kh lr

.; hq;= wjia:d we;s nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&

mshjr 11'1'2 ( • mka;sh l=vd lKavdhï follg fjka lrkak'


w;r fnod fokak'


lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrkak'



^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;al< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u

wjia:dj ,nd fokak'



fhfokak'

• ,Sg¾, ñ,s,Sgr iys; øj ñkqï .=K lsÍfï §

ñ,s,Sg¾ ,Sg¾j,g mßj¾;kh lr .; hq;= wjia:d

we;s nj'

• ,Sgr, ñ,s,Sgr iys; øj ñkqï fn§fï § ,sgr, ñ,s,Sgrj,g mßj¾;kh lr .; hq;= wjia:d we;s

nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• øj ñkqï .=K lrk whqre iy fnok whqre úia;r lrhs'

• øj ñkqï .=K lsÍfï § yd fnÈfï § flá l%u Ndú; l< yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• øj ñkqï wdYs%; .Kkh lsÍïj, fhfohs'

• w;a ±lSï mokï lrf.k ksjerÈ ;SrK .kshs'

• iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lr id¾:l;ajh <Õd lr .kshs'

120

weuqKqu 11' 1' 1


øj ñkqï .=K lruq fnouq

my; rEmigyfkys ±lafjkafka Odß;dj 2l 250ml jk, øj uekSug Ndú; lrk

fldamamhls.

• my; ±lafjk ls%hdj,s fol w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk ls%hdj,sh

flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

(i) ls%hdj,sh (ii) ls%hdj,sh

• fldamamh iïmQ¾Kfhka • fldamamh iïmQ¾Kfhka

meKs îu j,ska mqrjd îu meKSîu j,ska mqrjd

/ia lrk n÷klg yhjdrhla ±óu tl iudk ùÿre 9 lg

±óu

• ls%hdj,sh wjidkfha § Tng ,eî we;s n÷fkys$ ùÿrejl wvx.= meKs îu

m%udKh fiúh yels l%uhla idlÉPd lrkak'

• ta wkqj n÷fkys$ ùÿrejl wvx.= meKs îu mßudj fidhkak'

• Tn lKavdhfï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug

iQodkï jkak'Cop

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18' wkqmd;

ksmqK;dj 4 ( tÈfkod Ôú;fha § lghq;= myiq lr.ekSu i|yd wkqmd;

fhdod.kshs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 4'1 ( fnodyod .ekSu i|yd wkqmd; fhdod .kshs'

l%shdldrlu 4'1 ( wkqmd;hg wkqj fnouq'



msgm;a ;=kla'



mshjr 4'1'1 ( • f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍfï § fhdod .kakd nodu ñY%Khl

je,s yd isfuka;s w;r wkqmd;h 6: 1 ls. fujeks wkqmd;

fhdod .kakd wjia:d ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


• tl u rdYshl m%udK folla w;r ixLHduh

iïnkaOh wkqmd;hla nj'

• wkqmd;hl rdYsj, m%udK tlu tallhlska hqla;

úh hq;= nj'

• tall fjkia wjia:dj, § wkqmd; ,sùug tajd tlu

tallhlg mßj¾;kh l< hq;= nj'

• rdYska folla w;r wkqmd; a:b f,i ±lajQ úg a wkq

b f,i m%ldY lrk nj'

• a:b f,i ±lajQ úg th

ba

f,i Nd.hl wdldrhg

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&





lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hka mjrd fokak'



^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

fokak'


• my; lreKqq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'

• wkqmd;hla wkqj fn¥ uq¿ fldgia .Kk fiùu

i|yd wkqmd;fha mo tl;= l< hq;= nj'

• wkqmd;hg wkqj fnÈh hq;= m%udKh uq¿ fldgia

.Kkska fn§fuka tl fldgil w.h ,nd .;yels

nj'

• tl fldgil w.h wkqmd;fha tla tla mofhka .=K

lsÍfuka kshñ; w.hka ,nd.; yels nj'

• wkqmd;fha moj,g kshñ; w.hhka tl;= lsÍfuka

fn¥ uq¿ m%udKh ,efnk nj'

^ñks;a;= 40 hs&


• wkqmd;hl, fnoQ uq¿ fldgia .Kk ,nd .kakd whqre

úia;r lrhs'

• tosfkod lghq;= i|yd wkqmd;j, wjYH;djh ms<s.kshs

• ´kEu m%udKhla oS we;s wkqmd;hlg wkqj fnohs'

• fnod yod .ekSïj, § idOdrK f,i lghq;= lrhs'

• tÈfkod ld¾hka ys § kdia;sh wju lrhs'

123

weuqKQu 4. 1. 1lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

wkqmd;hg wkqj fnouq

• my; i|yka wjia:d w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkQ wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak. fn¥ fldgia .Kk

iuka rdOd ksidï fn¥ m%udKh

wjia:dj 1 3 1 2 re 300$-

wjia:dj 2 2 5 1 wU f.ä 40 hs

wjia:dj 3 1 2 4 fjr¿ 45

• ;sfokd w;r øjH fn¥ wkqmd;h ,shkak.• ta wkqj tla wfhl=g ,efnk m%udKh Nd.hla f,i ,shkak.• iuka, rdOd, ksidï,,enQ m%udKhka fjk fjk u .Kkh lrkak.• tÈfkod Ôú;fha § fujeks wjia:dj, § ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq ms<sn| idlÉPd

lrkak.• Tfí lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï

jkak.

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19' m%;sY;

ksmqK;dj 05 ( m%;sY; fhdod.ksñka kQ;k f,dalfha id¾:l f,i

.kqfokq lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 5'1 ( oYu ixLHd m%;sY;j,ska olajkak'

l%shdldrlu 5'1 ( oYu m%;sY; f,i ,shuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 5'1'1 g we;=<;a ,l+Kq igyfka úYd,s;

msgm;la'


msgm;a ;=kla'



mshjr 5'1'1 ( • ,l+Kq igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lr ta ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka

úuikak '


• Nd.hla, ;=,H Nd.hla weiqfrka yrh 100 jQ Nd.hla

njg m;a l< yels nj'

• tjeks Nd. fhfok wjia:d wjg mßirfhka ±lsh

yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&






fokak'



^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


wjia:dj ,nd fokak'



fhfokak'

• Nd.hla yrh 100 jk f,i ,súh yels nj'

• yrh 100 la jQ Nd. m%;sY; f,i ±laúh yels nj'

• m%;sY; “]” ixfla;fhka y÷kajk nj'

• f,i olajk nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoiays fojk fldgi fj; wjOdkh fhduq




^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;al< lKavdhug úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

fokak'

• wfkla lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'

• oYu ixLHdjl we;s oYu ia:dk .Kk wkqj tys

yrh oyfha n,hla jk mßÈ Nd.hla njg m;a l<

yels nj'

• oYu ixLHd 100ka mx.= f,i mßj¾;kh lsÍfuka

th m%;sY;hla f,i ±laúh yels nj'

• Nd.hla fyda oYu ixLHdjla ka .=K lsÍu u.ska ]

ixfla;h iys; j m%;sY; njg m;a l< yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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• oYu ixLHdjla Nd.hla f,i ,shk whqre úia;r lrhs'

• oYu ixLHdjla 100 ka mx.= njg m;alsÍfuka m%;sY;hla f,i ,súh yelsnj

ms<s.kshs'

• oYu ixLHdjla m%;sY;hla f,i ,shd olajhs'

• iei§u i|yd tÈfkod Ôú;fha ,nk w;a±lSï mokï lr.kshs'

• lKavdhï yeÕSfuka hq;=j lghq;= lrhs'

weuqKQu 5. 1. 1

,l=Kq igyk,l=Kq igyk,l=Kq igyk,l=Kq igyk,l=Kq igyk

wjidk jdr mÍCIKh we.hSï ,l+Kq

,l=Kq .Ks;h& .Ks;h isxy, úoHdj wd.u

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III rEm igyk IV rEm igyk

cd,lh

weuqKqu 5' 1' 2


oYu m%;sY;hla f,i ,shuq

1 fldgi

my; i|yka rEmigyka w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkQ rEm igyka yd cd,lh fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

I rEm igyk II rEm igyk

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• tys w÷re l< m%udKh uq¿ rEmfhka lskï Nd.hla o hkak idlÉPd lrkak'

• Tng ,eî we;s cd,lfhys tu Nd.hg wod< fldgi w÷re lrkak'

• cd,lfhys w÷re l< l=vd fldgila tall tlla f,i f.k fldgilg wod<

Nd.h ,shd olajkak'

• Tn uq,ska ,nd.;a Nd.h yd fldgq cd,lfhys w÷re l< fldgig wkqrEm Nd.h

w;r iïnkaOh úia;r lrkak'

• cd,lh weiqfrka Tn ,nd.;a Nd.fhys yrh ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a ùfuka yd

fm< fmd; mßYS,kfhka Bg iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak'

• ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

II fldgi

• my; i|yka oYu ixLHd w;ßka Tn lKavdhug wod< oYu ixLHdj flrys

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

0'5 0'07 0'28 1'5

• tu oYu ixLHdj Nd.hla f,i olajkak'

• tu Nd.h m%;sY;hla f,i olajkak'

• oYu ixLHdjla m%;sY;hla f,i ,súh ye;s ;j;a l%u úê fhdackd lrkak'

• ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'

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20' ldáiSh;,h

ksmqK;dj 20 ( úúO l%uúê .fõIKh lrñka úp,H folla w;r mj;sk

wfkHdkH iïnkaO;d myiqfjka ikaksfõokh lrhs'

ksmqK;d uÜgu 20'1 ( tlsfklg ,ïn wlaI follg idfmalaIj hï ia:dkhlmsysàu ú.%y lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 20'1 ( msysàï ksrEmKh lruq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 20'1'1 g we;=<;a Ñ;%h'

• weuqKqu 20'1'2 g we;=<;a .fõsIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a y;rla'

• fldgqrE,a lvodis y;rla'



mshjr 20'1 ( • Ñ;%h mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tys ±lafjk ksjfia msysàu

.ek isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• tlsfklg ,ïnj msysá f¾Ld folla weiqßka rEm

igykl lsishï msysàula úia;r lsÍu myiq nj'

• msysàula úia;r lsÍug tlsfklg ,ïn ÈYd folla

isg we;s ÿr m%udK fhdod .; yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia, äuhs lvodis, fldgQ rE,a lvodis yd

meiag,a lKavdhï w;r fnod fokak'




• iuia; lKavdhï bosrsm;a lsrSu;a i|yd l=vd

lKavdhï iQodkï lrjkak'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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wjia:dj fokak'• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

fokak'• wkH lKavdhïj, ixj¾Okd;aul fhdackd úuikak'• my; i|yka lreKqq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

• tlsfklg ,ïn ixLHd f¾Ld iys; ;,h" ldáiSh

;,h LKavdxl ;,h& hkqfjka kï lrk nj'

y wlaIrh

• 5 3& LKavdxlh

Ox wlaIrh

• ox ;sria ixLHd f¾Ldj x wlaIrh hkqfjka o"

oy isria ixLHd f¾Ldj y wlaIh hkqfjka o kï

lrk nj '

• x wlaIh Tiafia ÿr yd y wlaIh Tiafia ÿr ±lafjk

ixLHd hq., mámdá.; hq.,hla fyda LKavdxlhla

hkqfjka y÷kajk nj'

• LKavdxlh ,sùfï § m<uqj x w.h o fojkqj y w.h o ,shk nj '

• mámdá.; hq.,hla jryka ;=< fldud ,l=Kla

iys; j ,shk nj'

• ldáiSh ;,fha ^0,0 & ,laIHh uq, ,laIHh hkqfjka

y÷kajk nj'

• ldáiSh ;,fha ,laIHhla bx.S%is lemsg,a

wlaIrhlska o kï l< yels nj '

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• LKavdxl ;,hla u; msysá ,laIHhl msysàu tlsfklg

,ïn wlaI folla weiqßka úia;r lrhs'• tlsfklg ,ïn ir, f¾Çh udhsï follg we;s ÿr

wdOdr lr.ksñka mßirfha msysàï ksYaÑ; j ±laúh yelsnj ms<s.kshs'

• úúO msysàï m%ia;dßlj ksrEmKh lrhs'• wkawh fj; ksYaÑ; f;dr;=re ,nd§ug we;s yelshdj

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

• ms<sfj<la we;sj ;u ld¾hh ie,iqï lrhs'

1 2 3 4 5

3

2

1

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weuqKqu 20. 1. 1ksjil msysàu ±lafjk Ñ;%h

ir;af.a ksji

12 m

20m .=re mdr

;dr

mdr

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weuqKqu 20. 1. 2lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

msysàï ksrEmKh lruq

• rEm igyfka ±lafjk

x yd y hkqfjka kï

l< tlsfklg ,ïn

ixLHd f¾Ld fol iy

my; ±lafjk ,laIH

hq., w;=frka Tn lKavdhug

,enqK ,laIH

hq.,h fj; wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak.

A,B C,E F,H G,D

• tu tla tla ,laIHfha isg ms<sfj<ska y f,i kï lr we;s f¾Ldjg;a x f,i kï

lr we;s f¾Ldjg;a we;s ÿr fldgq .Kka lr ,shkak'

• tajd (p,q) wdldrhg m%ldY lrkak.• Tng ,eî we;s fldgq lvodisfhys by; rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrfha x iy y ixLHd

f¾Ld fol w¢kak '

• my; ±lafjk ,laIH ldKav w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq ,laIH ldKavh

flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

,laIH ldKavh 1 ^2, 1& 2, 4& 2, 3&^2, 6& ^2, 2& ^2, 0& ^2, 5&

,laIH ldKavh 2 ^1, 4& ^5, 6& ^3, 4& ^6, 4& ^0, 4& ^4, 4& ^2, 4&

,laIH ldKavh 3 ^1, 1& ^4, 4& ^2, 2& ^3, 3& ^5, 5& ^0, 0& ^6, 6&

,laIH ldKavh 4 ^1, 5& ^2, 4& ^3, 3& ^4, 3& 5, 4& 6, 5& 5, 5& 4, 5& 3, 5& 2, 5&• ixLHd f¾Ld we¢ fldgq rE,a lvodis u; tu ,laIH ±laùug l;sr ,l=K fhdokak'

• tla tla l;srhla wi, ta ta ,laIH ±lafjk ixLHd hq., ,shkak.• fm< fmd; weiqre lr .ksñka my; ±lafjk foa ye|skaùug úfYaI kula ne.ska

fhdackd lrkak'

(i) ixLH f¾Ld fol (ii) ixLH f¾Ld fol iys; fldgq lvodish

(iii) (p,q) hq.,h (iv) (o,o) ,laIHh

• ks¾udKYS,S iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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21. iólrK I

ksmqK;dj 17 ( tÈfkod Ôú;fha wjYH;d idlaId;a lr.ekSu i|yd iólrK

úi§fï l%u úê yiqrejhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 17'1 ( tÈfkod Ôú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi§u i|yd ir, iólrK

fhdod.kS'

l%shdldrlu 17'1 ( iólrK úi|uq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqï 17'1'1 g we;=<;a Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a

y;rla'



mshjr 17'1'1 ( • Tn ksjiska f.fkú;a ;snQ uqo,ska re'15 la niar:hg

úhoï jQ wjia:djla isysm;a lrkak' ±ka Tn <Õ re'50 lab;sß kï ksjiska f.kúka ;snQ uqo, ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka

úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• hï uqo,lska úhoï jQ uqo, wvq l< úg b;sß uqo,

,efnk nj'

• f.kú;a ;snQ uqo, i|yd ùÔh ixfla;hla fhdod

.ksñka b;sß uqo, i|yd ùÔh m%ldYkhla ielish

yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a lKavdhï

w;r fnod fokak'



mjrkak'


• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï

lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 20 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• iudk;djla wvx.= m%ldYhla iólrKhla f,i

ixfla; u.ska ±laúh yels nj'

• tÈfkod yuqjk we;eï iïnkao;djhka fï wdldrhg

iólrK f,i ,súh yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&






^ñks;a;+ 40 hs&


wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

fokak'



fhfokak'

• hï ls%hdj,shl wkqms<sfj< ±laùug .e,Sï igykla

Ndú; jk nj'

• .e,Sï igyka u.ska iólrK f.dvkef.k

wdldrh ±laúh yels nj'

• tl;= lsÍfï .Ks; l¾ufha m%;sf,dau ls%hdj wvq lsÍu

nj'

• wvq lsÍfï m%;sf,dauh tl;= lsÍu nj'

• .=K lsÍfï .Ks; l¾ufha m%;sf,dau ls%hdj fn§u

nj'

• fn§u .Ks; l¾ufha m%;sf,dau ls%hdj .+K lsÍu nj'

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• m%;sf,dau .e,Sï igyk weiqfrka ir, iólrKhla

úiÈh yels nj'

• tys iólrKh úi£fï ùÔh l%uh wka;¾.; nj'

• ùÔh l%u Ndú;fhka ir, iólrK úi¢h yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• ir, iólrK úi£fï úúO l%u úia;r lrhs'

• .eg¨ úi£ug ir, iólrK fhdod .; yels nj

ms<s.kshs'

• ir, iólrK ksjerÈj úi|hs'

• wruqKq idlaId;a lr .ekSu i|yd ksjerÈj Ñka;kh

fufyhjhs'

• myiq l%u úê fhdod .ksñka .eg¨ úiod .ekSu g fhduq

fjhs'

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weuqKqu 17'1'1


iólrK úi|uq

I fldgi

• my; ±lafjk m%ldY w;=ßka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk m%ldYh flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak.

1 x g ;=kla tl;= l< úg ms<s;=r 10 g iudkh. 2 x f.ka myla wvq l< úg ms<s;=r 4 g iudkh. 3 x ys fo.=Khg ;=kla tl;= l< úg ms<s;=r 9 g iudkh. 4 x ys fo.=Kfhka tlla wvq l< úg ms<s;=r 9 g iudkh.

• Tng ,enqK m%ldYh ixfla; Ndú;fhka ,shkak.• Tn ixfla; Ndú;fhka ,shQ m%ldYkh jeks tajd i|yd iqÿiq kula fhdackd

lrkak.• Tn lKavdhug imhd we;s wdldrfha fjk;a m%ldYhla ,shkak.• tu m%ldYh ixfla; Ndú;fhka ,shkak.• iuia; lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S f,i bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak.

II fldgi

• my; § we;s iólrK w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk iólrKh fj; wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak.iólrKh I - 2x + 7 = 17iólrKh II - x + 4 = 10iólrKh III - 3x - 1 = 11iólrKh IV - x -8 = 3

• iólrKh úi£u i|yd .e,Sï igyka yd m%;sf,dau .e,Sï igyka fhdodf.k we;s

wdldrh fm< fmd; mßYS,kh lrñka fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak.• .e,Sï igyk yd m%;sf,dau .e,Sï igyk we§fuka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq iólrKfha

x ys w.h fidhkak'

• ;j;a tjeks iólrKhla ,shd .e,Sï igyka u.ska úi|kak'

• iólrK úi¢u i|yd ;j;a l%uhla fm< fmd; mßYS,kh lrñka fidhkak'

• tu l%uh u.ska o Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq iólrKh úi|kak'

• iuia; lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S f,i bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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21. iñlrK II

ksmqK;dj 19 ( iQ;% fhdod.; yels l%u úê .fõIKh lrñka tÈfkod

Ôú;fha yuqjk .eg¨ úi|hs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 19'1 ( ir, iQ;% f.dvkÕhs'

l%shdldrlu 19'1 ( ir, iQ;% f.dvkÕuq'



msgm;a y;rla '



mshjr 19'1'1 ( • YsIHfhl= ,jd l¿,E, af, a iup;=ri %hla yd

iDcqfldKdi%hla wkaojkak'

• iup;=ri%fha mßñ;sh o iDcqfldaKdi%fha j¾.M,h o

fidhk whqre úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• me;a;l È. a jq iup;=ri%hl mßñ;sh p kï p = 4a nj

• me;a;l È. l jk yd m<, b jq iDcqfldaKdi%hl

j¾.M,h A kï A= l b nj

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'


lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrkak'


• ks¾udKYS,S f,i iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula

i|yd iQodkï lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

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mshjr 19'1'3 ( • lKavdhï wkdjrK bÈßm;a lsÍug l=vd



wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• úp,H lSmhla zz}ZZ ,l=Klska iïnkaOùu iQ;%hla

f,i

ye¢kafjk nj'

• fuu iïnkaO;dj iólrKhla jk nj'

• .Ks;fha úúO .Kkh lsÍï l%uj;a j iy myiqfjka

lsÍu i|yd iQ;% Ndú; l< yels nj'

• úoHdj jeks fjk;a úIhhkaj, § o iQ;% Ndú; jk

nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• iQ;%hl ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• iQ;% fhdod.ksñka tÈfkod .Kkh lsÍï myiqfjka l<

yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• fokq ,nk úp,Hhka w;r we;s iïnkaOh wkqj ir,

iQ;% f.dv k.hs'

• ksjerÈ ks.uk ,nd .ekSug ;sfnk o;a; yiqrejhs'

• lKavdhfï wfkl=;a idudðlhka iuÕ iyfhda.fhka

mejÍ we;s ld¾hfhys fhfohs'

139

weuqKqu 19'1'1


ir, iQ;% f.dvk.uq

• my; ±lafjk wjia:d w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak.

wjia:dj

1 ialkaOh a jk fmÜáhla iy ialkaOh b jk md¾i,hl uq¿

ialkaOh jk A fiùu. 2 ñ, re. b jk NdKavhla ñ,g .ekSu i|yd re. a ÿka úg b;sß uqo,

jk A fiùu. 3 Èklg fnfy;a fm;s a ne.ska Èk b ixLHdjla i|yd wjYH

fnfy;a fm;s .Kk jk A fiùu. 4 wU f.ä a ixLHdjla <uqka b ixLHdjla w;f¾ iu fia fn¥ úg

tla wh;=g ,efnk wU .Kk jk A fiùu.

• tu wjia:djg wkqj a, b yd A w;r iïnkaO;djh ±lafjk m%ldYkhla

f.dvkÕkak.• .e,fmk ixfla; Ndú; lrñka, fujeks fjk;a wjia:djla úia;r ta i|yd o m%ldYkhla

f.dvkÕk wkaou idlÉPd lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,Sj iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkïjkak.

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22. wiudk;d

ksmqK;dj 18 ( Ôjk .eg¨ wdYs%; úúO rdYs w;r jq iïnkaO;d úYaf,aIKh

lrhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 18'1 ( fok ,o ixfrdaOl wkqj úp,Hj,g .; yels w.h iSud,

rEmslj m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 18'1 ( wiudk;d úi|uq'



msgm;a y;rla '



mshjr 18'1'1 ( • ir, iólrK úi£u yd ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; ksÅ,

ksrEmKh ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• ùÔh l%u Ndú; lsÍfuka ir, iólrK úi¢h yels

nj'

• < yd > ,l=Kq fhdod .ksñka mQ¾K ixLHd folla

ixikaokh l< yels nj'

• ksÅ, ixLHd f¾Ldjla u; ksrEmKh l< yels nj'

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'


lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrkak'



lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• § we;s isoaêhl f;dr;=re weiqfrka ùÔh ixfla;hla

yd “ < , >” ,l=Kq fhdod .ksñka f.dv kÕd

.kakd iïnkaO;dj wiudk;djla jk nj ' • iólrK úi£fï § Ndú; lrk uQ,sl m%;HlaI

Ndú;fhka wiudk;d o úi¢h yels nj'

• wiudk;djhl úi÷ï l=,lh ixLHd f¾Ldjl ,laIH

uÕska ksrEmKh l< yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• ùÔh l%u Ndú;fhka wiudk;d úi|k whqre úia;r

lrhs'

• wiudk;djhl úi÷ï ixLHd f¾Ldjl ksrEmKh l<

yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• fok ,o wiudk;d úi|hs'

• hï ixfrdaOlj,g wod< j úi÷ï fiùug fm<fUhs'

• ikaksfõokh i|yd ir, l%u fhdod .kshs'

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weuqKqu 18'1'1


wiudk;d úi|uq

my; i|yka isoaê w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk isoaêh flfrys wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

isoaêh i±kg YS% ,xldfõ rcfha mdi,lg orefjla we;=<;a lrkq ,nkafka jhi

wjqreÿ my iïmQ¾K jQ úgh'

±kg YS% ,xldfõ fmr mdi,l bf.k .kq ,nk orejl= f.a jhi wjqreÿ x f,i

i,lkak'

isoaêh iilS%vd ;rÕhlg f;dard .kq ,nkafka jhi wjqreÿ 15 g jeä isiqka h'

;rÕhlg bÈßm;a jk isiqorejl= f.a jhi wjqreÿ x f,i i,lkak'

isoaêh iiimd<ulska .uka l< yelafla ialkaOh fuá%la fgdka 8g wvq jdyk muKs'

md<fuka .uka l< yels jdykhl ialkaOh fuá%la fgdka x f,i i,lkak'

isoaêh iv±kg fj<ofmdf,a fodvï f.ähl ñ, remsh,a oyhg jvd jeä h'

fj<ofmdf,a fodvï f.ähl ñ, remsh,a x f,i i,lkak'

• Tng ,eî we;s isoaêfha x g .; yels w.h .ek i,lñka tu w.h iy x w;r

iïnkaOh < fyda > ,l=K fhdoñka ,shkak'

• Tn ,shQ iïnkaOh iólrKhla fõ o@ tfia fkdfõ kï tu iïnkaOhg Èh

yels kula fhdackd lrkak'

• my; § we;s iïnkaO;d w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk iïnkaO;dj flfrys

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

• 2x < 10• 2x > 10• x +1 > 6• x - 1 < 6

• iólrK úi§u i|yd Tn fhdod.;a ùÔh l%u wkq.ukh lrñka wod<

iïnkao;djfha úi÷ï x i|yd .; yels w.hka fiùug W;aidy lrkak'

• Tng ,efnk úi÷ï w;ßka 10 g wvq mQ¾K ixLHduh w.hka ish,a, ,shkak'

• ixLHd f¾Ldjla we| tys Tfí úi÷ï ksrEmKh lrkak'

• iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

143

23' ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm -1

ksmqK;dj 23 ( ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHñ;sl ixl,am mokï lr

.ksñka tÈfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= i|yd wjYH ks.ukj,g

t<fUhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 23'1 ( úúO ,laIK mokï lr .ksñka ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm kï

lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 23'1 ( ;s%fldaK j¾. lruq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • .k lvodisj,ska lmd .kakd ,o iumdo, iuoaúmdo, úIu mdo , ;s%fldaK ;=k ne.ska jQ ;s%fldaK lÜg, ;=kla'

• .k lvodisj,ska lmd .kakd ,o iq¿fldaKsl, iDcq

fldaKsl yd uyd fldaKs; ls%fldaK ;=k ne.ska jQ lÜg,

;=kla'

• weuqKqï 23'1'1 g we;=<;a Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a

;=kla'



mshjr 23'1'1 ( • l¿,E,a, u; ;s%fldaKhla we| tys wx. ms<sn| j

isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• mdo ;=kla iys; ixjD; ;, rEmh ;s%fldaKh nj'

• cm, mm mßudKhla Ndú;fhka ;s%fldaKhl mdoj,

È. ueksh yels nj'

• fldaKudkh Ndú;fhka fldaKhl úYd,;ajh ueksh

yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&

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w;r fnod fokak'



mjrkak'



lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 20 hs&




wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• mdoj, È. wkqj ls%fldaK j¾. l< yels nj'

• mdo ;=ku È.ska iudk ls%fldaK iumdo ;s%fldAK

f,i y÷kajk nj'

• mdo folla È.ska iudk ;s%fldaK iuoaú mdo ;s%fldaK

f,i y÷kajk nj'

• mdo ;=k È.ska tlsfklg fjkia ;s%fldaK úIumdo

;s%fldaK f,i y÷kajk nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&






^ñks;a;+ 40 hs&

145


wjia:dj fokak'

• bÈßm;a l< lKavdhug u úia;drKh i|yd m%:u wjia:dj

fokak'


• my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl fhfokak'

• fldaKj, úYd,;aj wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾. l< yels nj'

• ishü fldaK iq¿ fldaK jk ;s%fldaKhla iq¿ fldaKsl

;s%fldaKhla f,i y÷kajk nj'

• iDcqfldaKhla iys; ;s%fldaKhla iDcqfldaKsl


• uyd fldaKhla iys; ;s%fldaKhla uydfldaKsl


^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• mdo wkqj yd fldaK wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾. kï lrhs'

• mdoj,È. wkqj fukau fldaKj, úYd,;aj wkqj o

;s%fldaK j¾.SlrKh l< yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• fok ,o ;s %fldaK mdo wkqj iy fldaK wkqj

j¾.SlrKfha fhfohs'

• fmdÿ ,laIK wkqj j¾.SlrKhg fm<fò'

• w,xlrKh i|yd yev;, fhdod .kshs'

146

weuqKqu 23'1'1


;s%fldaK j¾. lruq

(i & fldgi

• fm<fmdf;a i|yka mdo wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾.SlrKh l< wdldrh iy ta ta

;s%fldaKj, mdo w;r iïnkaOh wOHhkh lrkak.• my; i|yka ;s%fldaK lÜg, w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk ;s%fldaK lÜg,h fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

I lÜg,h II lÜg,h III lÜg,h

• fm< fmd; wOHhkfhka ,nd.;a mdo w;r iïnkaOh wkqj Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s

;s%fldaK lÜg,h wh;a jkafka l=uk j¾.hg ± hs idlÉPd lrkak.• ta wkqj tu ;s%fldaK j¾.h i|yd kula fhdackd lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,S iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

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(ii) fldgi

• fm<fmdf;a i|yka fldaK wkqj ;s%fldaK j¾.SlrKh l< wdldrh yd ta ta

;s%fldaKj, fldaK w;r iïnkaOh wOHhkh lrkak.• my; i|yka ;s%fldaK lÜg, w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq ;%sfldaK lÜg,h fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak. (i) lÜg,h (ii) lÜg,h (iii) lÜg,h

• tla tla ;s%fldaKfha fldaKj, úYd,;ajh uek.kak.• fm< fmd; wOHhkfhka ,nd.;a fldaK w;r iïnkaOh wkqj Tn lKavdhug

,eî we;s ;s%fldaK lÜg,h wh;ajkafka l=uk j¾.hg ± hs idlÉPd lrkak.• ta wkqj tu ;s%fldaK j¾. i|yd kula fhdackd lrkak.• Tn y÷kd.;a ;s%fldaK j¾. fhdod.ksñka w,xldr Ñ;%hla ks¾udKh lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,S iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

148

23' ir, f¾Åh ;, rEm II

ksmqK;dj 23 ( ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm wdYs%; cHñ;sl ixl,am mokï lr

.ksñka tÈfkod Ôú;fha lghq;= i|yd wjYH ks.ukj,g

t<fUhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 23'2 ( nyq-wi% yev wkqj j¾.SlrKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 23'2 ( nyq-wi% y÷kd .ksuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 23'2'1 g we;=<;a rEmgyfka úYd,s; msgm;la'

• weuqKqï 23'2'2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a folla úYd, rEmigyka iys;&'

• .=re wdo¾Yk fldaKudkh



mshjr 23'1'1 ( • rEm igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lr tu rEm iE§ we;s f¾Ld

LKav ms<sn| j o tajdfha ixjD;, újD; nj ms<sn| j o

isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• tla jl% f¾Ld LKavhla fyda wvx.= rEm ir, f¾Çh

;, rEm fkdjk nj'

• ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm o ixjD; yd újD; f,i j¾.

l< yels nj'

• ir, frLd Lkavj,ska jg jQ ixjD; ;, rEmhla

nyqwi%hla f,i y÷kajk nj

• fldaKudkh Ndú; lr mrdj¾; fldaK o uekSug

l%u we;s nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&Cop

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w;r fnod fokak'



mjrkak'



lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&




wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• iEu wNHka;r fldaKhl u w.h 1800 g wvq fldaK

we;s nyqwi%h W;a;, nyqwi%hla nj'

• tla wNHka;r fldaKhla fyda 1800 g jeä w.hla we;s

nyqwi%h wj;, nyqwi%hla nj'

• mdo ish,a,u iudk jq;a fldaK ish,a,u iudkjQ;a

nyqwi%h iúê nyqwi%hla nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• W;a;, nyqwi%hl, wj;, nyqwi%hl, iúê nyqwi%hl

,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• iúê nyqwi%hla iEu úgu W;a;< nyqwi%hla nj ms<s.kshs'

• cHdñ;sl ,laIK mokï lr.ksñka nyqwi% j¾.SlrKh

lrhs'

• kj ±kqu Ndú;hg .ksñka fudaia;r ks¾udKlrKfha

fhfohs'

• iajdNdúl mßirfha iy ks¾ñ; mßirfha we;s rgd ms<sn|

úuis,su;a fjhs'

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150

weuqKqu 23'2'1

rEm igyk

(i) (ii) (iii)

(vi) (v) (vi)

(vii) (viii) (ix)

(x) (xi)

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151

• my; i|yka rEm lÜg, w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s rEm lÜg,h fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.rEm lÜg,h I

rEm lÜg, 2

weuqKqu 23'2'2


nyq - wi% y÷kd.ksuq

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• tys we;s tla tla rEmfhys wNHka;r fldaK w;r mrdj¾; fldaK ;sfí±hs ksÍlaIKh

lrkak.• wNHka;r fldaK f,i mrdj¾; fldaK iys; ;, rEm o, tfia fkdue;s ;, rEm

o f,i fldgia follg fjka lrkak.• fm< fmd; o wOHhkfhka fuu ;, rEm j¾. fol i|yd kï fhdackd lrkak.• Tn f;dard.;a mrdj¾; fldaK fkdue;s ;, rEmj, tla tla mdofha È. ukskak.• mdo ish,a, È.ska iudk jQ yd tfia fkdjQ f,i fldgia follg fjka lrkak.• mdo ish,a, os.ska iudk jq nyq wi%j, wNHka;r fldaK o iudk ± hs uek n,kak.• mdo ish,a, yd fldaK ish,a, iudk jQ nyq wi% i|yd kula fhdackd lrkak.• Tn leu;s ;, rEm yevhla f;dardf.k l=Ika ljrhlaa fyda fïi froaola i|yd

iqÿiq fudaia;rhla ks¾udKh lrkak.• lKavdhï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S f,i iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï

jkak.

153

24. ks¾udK

ksmqK;dj 27 ( cHdñ;sl kshuhka wkqj wjg mßirfha iajNdjhka

úYaf,aIKh lrhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 27'2 ( ;, rEm ks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 27'2 ( ;, rEm úêu;a j w¢uq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 27'2'1 g we;=<;a rEmgyfka úYd,s; msgm;la'


msgm;a y;rla'

• cHdñ;sl WmlrK lÜg,h



mshjr 27'2'1 ( • rEm igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lrñka tys tla tla rEmfha

,laIK ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• mdo ;=kla fya Bg jeä .Kklska hq;a ixjD; ;,

rEm we;s nj'

• iudk mdo ;=klska iukaú; ir, f¾Çh ;, rEmh

iumdo ;s%fldaKhla nj'

• iudk mo yd iudk fldaKj,ska hq;a nyqwi% iúê

nyqwi% nj '

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&




wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

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• ljlgqj yd lr, odrh Ndú;fhka fok ,o È.ska

hq;a ir, f¾Ld LKavhla ks¾udKh l< yels nj'

• lj lgqj yd ir,odrh Ndú;fhka fok ,o È.ska hq;a

ir, f¾Ldj mdohla jkfia iumdo ;s%fldaKhla

ks¾udKh l< yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&




fokak'



^ñks;a;+ 20 hs&


wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj fokak'


• my; i|yka lreKq u;= jk fia iudf,dapkhl

fhfokak'

• jD;a;hla tys wrhg iudk cHd u.ska fldgia yhlg

fnÈh yels nj'

• tu fnÿï ,laIH hdlsÍfuka iúê Ivi%hla ks¾udKh

l< yels nj'

• iúê Ivi%h ks¾udKh lsÍug fjk;a l%u o we;s nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• iumdo ;s%fldaK iy iúê Ivi% ks¾udKh lrk whqre

úia;r lrhs'

• ljlgqj yd ir,odrh Ndú;fhka ksjerÈj ydld¾hIlaIu j iumdo ;s%fldaK yd iúê Ivi% ks¾udKhl< yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• iumdo ;sfldaK yd iúê Ivi% ks¾udKh lrhs'

• id¾:l m%;sM, ,nd.ekSug WmlrK ksisf,i yiqrejhs'

• kj ks¾udKlrKhg fhduqfjhs'

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155

weuqKqu 27'2'1

rEm igyk

5 cm

5 cm

5 cm

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weuqKqu 27'2'2


;, rEm úêu;a j w¢uqq

1 fldgi

• by; rem igyka fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak.• my; ±lafjk ñkqï w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s ñkqu flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak. I II III IV

ñkqu 3.5 cm 4.3 cm 5.2 cm 4.8 cm

• by; wOHhkh l< lreKq weiqre lr .ksñka ,eî we;s ñkqug wod< È.ska hq;a

f¾Ld LKavhla, ljlgqj yd ir, odrh Ndú;fhka ks¾udKh lr th AB f,i

kï lrkak.• b;sß mdo fol o AB È.g u iudk jk fia ljlgqj Ndú;fhka C ,laIh fidhd

.ksñka ABC ;s%fldaKh ks¾udKh lrkak.• A, B yd C ,laIH hd lsÍfuka ,efnk ;sfldaKfha ,laIK y÷kd .ksñka ta i|yd

úfYaI kula fhdackd lrkak.• tu ;s%fldaKfha fldaK ;=k o uek th iúê nyqwi%hla ±hs ks.ukh lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,S iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak.

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2 fldgi

• my; ±lafjk ñkqï w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s ñkqu flfrys wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak. I II III IV

ñkqu 3.2 cm 3.5 cm 4.4 cm 4.6 cm

• tu ñkqu wrh f,i f.k jD;a;hla w¢kak.• tu jD;a;h u; tys wrhg iudk ÿr m%udK fldmuK ,l=Kq l< yels±hs

fidhkak.• tu ,laIHh hd lrñka ;, rEmhla ks¾udKh lrkak.• tu ;, rEmfhys úfYaI ,laIK fidhd ta i|yd úfYaI kula fhdackd lrkak.• tu ;, rEmh ks¾udKh l< yels fjk;a l%u fhdackd lrkak.• ks¾udKYS,S iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iqodkï jkak.

158

25. >k jia;= I

ksmqK;dj 22 ( úsúO >kjia;= ms<sn| j .fõIKh lrñka kj ks¾udK

lrKfha fhfoa.ksmqK;d uÜgu 22'1 ( >k jia;= j, wdlD;s ks¾udKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 22'1 ( úúO >k jia;= ;kuq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKq 22'1'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ

msgm;a y;rla'

• fikaáógr fldgiaj,g fnok ,o m%ia;dr lvodis

lKavdhug fldgia fol ne.ska

• l;=re" .ï fyda fif,dafÜma iy ì%iag,a fndaâ


bf.kqï-b.ekaùï l%shdj,sh

mshjr 22'1'1 ( • p;=Ia;,hl wdlD;shla mka;shg m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

• tys m;ru o mka;shg bÈßm;a lr p;=Ia;,hl wx.

ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• >k jia;= iE§fï § m;rula ilid .; hq;= nj'

• p;=ia;,hl odr yhla o Ys¾I y;rla o uqyqK;a

y;rla o we;s nj'

• tÈfkod Ôú;fha § úúO yeve;s >k jia;= fhdod

.kakd nj ' ^ñks;a;= 10 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'





lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 40 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• iup;=ri% msrñvhl iup;=ri%ldr m;=,la yd

;s%fldaaKdldr uqyqK;a y;rla we;s nj'

• ;s%fldaK ms%iauhl ;s%fldaKdldr uqyqK;a folla yd

iDcqfldaKdi% uqyqK;a ;=kla we;s nj'

• fyd| ksuejqula i|yd ;dlaIKsl l%u fhdod .; hq;=

nj'

^ñks;a;= 25 hs&


• ks¾udKh lrk ,o >k jia;=fõ uqyqK;aj, yevh

úia;r lrhs'

• fujeks wdlD;s mßirh w,xlrKhg fhdod.; yels nj

ms<s.kshs'

• m;ru ksjerÈj we| lmd, >k jia;=fõ wdlD;sh ks¾udKh

lrhs'

• Wmßu M,odhs;djla ,efnk f,i iïm;a ksisf,i

m%fhdackhg .kshs'

• lKavdhu ;=< ixhufhka hq;=j lghq;= lrhs'

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weuqKqu 27'2'2


úúO >k jia;= ;kuq

• my; § we;s m;rï w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk m;ru flfrys lKavdhfï

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak.

m;ru 1

m;ru 2

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• Tn lKavdhug ,enqk m;ru m%ia;dr lvodisfha we|.kak.

• m%ia;dr lvodish ì%iag,a fndaâ tll w,jd lmd fjkalr.kak.

• iqÿiq mßÈ we,jqï jdis kud we,ùfuka >k jia;=jla ,nd.kak.

• >k jia;=fõ odr, YS¾I iy uqyqK;a ixLHdj lKavdhu iuÕ idlÉPdlr ,shkak.

• >kjia;=fõ uqyqK;aj, yev mÍlaId lrkak.

• >k jia;=jg iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak.

• fuu yevh we;s >k jia;= Tn lKavdfï wh ±l we;s wjia:d idlÉPdlr ,shkak.

• lKavdhfï wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S f,i bÈßm;a lsÍulg iqodkï jkak.

162

25' >k jia;= II

ksmqK;dj 22 ( úúO >kjia;= m s, sn| j .fõIKh lrñka kj

ks¾udKlrKfha fhfoa.ksmqK;d uÜgu 22'2 ( >k jia;=j, wx. w;r in|;d úuihs'

l%shdldrlu 17'3 ( >kjia;=j, wx. w;r in|;d f.dvk.uq'



msgm;a folla'

• odrhl È. 4 cm jQ >klhla'

• wdOdrlh 4 cm x 4 cm jQ iup;=ri% msrñv folla'

• odrhl È. 4 cm jQ iúê p;=ia;, y;rla'

• È., m<,, Wi ms<sfj<ska 4 cm, 4 cm, 10 cm jQ >kldNhla'

• yrialv 4 cm jq iumdo ;s%fldaKdldr yevhla iys; È.

10 cm jq ;s%fldaK ms%iau folla'



mshjr 22'2'1 ( • >klhla, >kldNhla iy p;=ia;,hla jeks >k jia;=

lsysmhla mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• >k jia;=jla uqyqK;a, Ys¾I yd odr hk wx.j,ska

iukaú; nj'

• úúO >k jia;=j, odr YS¾I yd uqyqK;a ixLHd úúO

nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj,


mjrkak'



lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

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lKavdhïj,g wjia:dj ,nd fokak'


wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• >kjia;=jl YS¾I ixLHdfjys iy uqyqK;a ixLHdfjys

ftlHh odr ixLHdjg jvd follska jeä nj'

• fuu iïnkaOh Ths,¾ iïnkaOh f,i y÷kajk

nj'

• Ths,¾ iïnkaOhg wkql+, jkafka ;, uqyqK;a yd

ir, odr j,ska iukaú; >kjia;= muKla nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&


• úúO >kjia;=j, odr" uqyqK;a yd YS¾I y\qkd.kshs'

• ir, odr muKla we;s >k jia;= i|yd muKla Ths,¾

iïnkaOh ;Dma; lrk nj ms<s.kshs'

• >k jia;= i|yd Ths,¾ iïnkaOh f.dvk.hs'

• .fõIKh lr.;a fo a Ndú; lr.ksñka kj

ks¾udKlrKfha fhfohs'

• lKavdhï ksuejqï úpdrYS,S j bÈßm;a lrhs'

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weuqKqu 17'1'1


>k jia;=j, wx. w;r in|;d f.dvk.uq

my; i|yka >k jia;= lÜg, w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq >k jia;= lÜg,h fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

1 lÜg,h 2 lÜg,h

>klh >kldNh

iup;=ri% msrñv folhs ;s%fldaK ms%iau folhs

p;=ia;, folhs p;=ia;, folhs

• ,eî we;s tla tla >kjia;=fõ uqyqK;a, YS¾I yd odr ixLHdj .Kka lr j.=jl igyka

lr.kak'

• tla tla >k jia;=fõ uqyqK;a .Kk, YS¾I .Kk iy odr .Kk w;r iïnkaOhla

;sfí±hs fidhd ne,Su i|yd lKavdhï ;=< idlÉPdjla fufyhjkak'

• Tn lKavdhu úiska f.dv ke.+ iïnkaOh ,shd olajkak'

• Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq >k jia;= Ndú; lrñka fjk;a ixhqla; >k jia;= idokak'

• tu tla tla ixhqla; >k jia;=j, uqyqK;a YS¾I yd odr .Kk by; Tn lKavdhug

,nd.;a iïnkaOhg .e,fma ± hs n,kak'

• lKavdhï wKdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; mka;shg bÈßm;a lsÍug iQodkï jkak'

165

26' o;a; ksrEmKh yd w¾:l:kh I

ksmqK;dj 28 ( o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍfï úúO l%u úu¾Ykh lrñka ffoksl

lghq;= myiqlr .kshs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 28'1 ( o;a; úúO l%u uÕska ksrEmKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 28'1 ( f;dr;=re m%ia;dßlj ikaksfõokh lruq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 28'1'1 g we;=<;a igyfka úYd,s; msgm;la'

• weuqKqu 28'1'2 g we;=<;a Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a

;=kla'

• ly iy ks,a mdg mekai,a'



mshjr 28'1'1 ( • igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

• ta weiqßka my; i|yka lreKq u;=jkfia idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'

• /ia lr.kakd ,o f;dr;=re j.= uÕska bÈßm;a lsÍu

myiq nj'

• j.=j, ±lafjk o;a; rEmhlska bÈßm;a lsÍfuka

ikaksfõokh myiqjk nj'

• fok ,o Ñ;% igyklg wkqj jeäu w.h yd wvqu

w.h myiqfjka y÷kd.; yels nj'

• f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh lsÍug ;j;a myiq l%u we;s

nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'





lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 30 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• m<, iudk jQ ;Sr moaO;shlska o;a; ksrEmKh

flfrk m%ia;dr ;Sr m%ia;dr f,i y\qkajk nj'

• ;sria fyda isria f,i ;Sr m%ia;dr we¢h yels nj'

• ;Srhl Èf.ka tys ixLHdj ksrEmKh lrk nj'

• f;dr;=re folla tlu m%ia;drhl ksrEmKh lrk

úg th nyq ;Sr m%ia;drhla f,i y÷kajk nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&






^ñks;a;+ 15 hs&


wjia:dj fokak'


wjia:dj fokak'



fhfokak'

• o;a; ksrEmKh lsÍfï myiq l%uhla f,i jDka; m;%

igyk Ndú; l< yels nj'

• ;Sr follska hq;= igyfka m<uq ;Srh jDka;h

f,i o fojk ;Srh m;%h f,i o y÷kajk nj'

• o;a; iuqyh jDka; m;% igyklg we;=<;a lr miqj

tajd wdfrdayK ms<sfj<g ilia l< yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 30 hs&

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• o;a; ksrEmKh lrk wdldr úia;r lrhs'

• f;dr;=re m%ia;dßlj ksrEmKh lsÍfuka o;a;

wr:l:kh myiq nj ms<s.kshs'

• o;a; iuqyhla úúO whqßka ksrEmkh lrhs'

• f;dr;=re ikaksfõokh i|yd flá l%u Ndú; lrhs'

• tÈfkod Ôú;fha úúO whqßka olajd we;s f;dr;=re

myiqfjka .%yKh lr.kshs'

168

weuqKqu 28'1'1

igyk

m,;=re fjf<kaÈhla i;sfha Èk myla ;=< fjr¿ úlsKSfuka ,enQ wdodhï my; j.=fõ

±lafõ'

Èkh iÿod wÕyrejdod nodod n%yiam;skaod isl=rdod

wdodhu 30 45 40 20 55

^remsh,a&

by; f;dr;=re YsIHhl= úiska rEmslj olajd ;snqKq whqre my; ±lafõ'

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weuqKQu 28.1.2lKavdhï .fõIKh i|yd Wmfoia

f;dr;=re m%ia;dßlj ikaksfõokh lruq

1 fldgi

• my; ioyka wjia:d w;=ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqk wjia:dj flfrys wjOdkh fhduq

lrkak'

1 wjia:dj ( 7 fYA%Ksfha <uqka f.a im;a;=j, ;ru'

im;a;=fõ ;ru ;ru 5 ;ru 6 ;ru7 im;a;=fõ ;ru ;ru 5 ;ru 6 ;ru7

.eyEKq <uhs 8 7 4 msßñ <uhs 5 9 6

.Kk .Kk

2 wjia:dj ( 7 fYA%Ksfha <uqka Èk 03l § mdi,a meñKSu'

Èkh iÿod wÕyre nodod Èkh iÿod wÕyre nodod

meñKs .eyeKQ 20 15 25 meñKs msßñ 25 20 30 <uhs .Kk <uhs .Kk

3 wjia:dj ( 7 fYA%Ksfha <uqka mdi,g meñfKk wdldrh'

meñfKk wdldrh nifhka mhska fjk;a wdldrhg meñfKk wdldrh nifhka mhska fjk;a wdldrhg

.eyeKq <uhs .Kk 8 6 4 msßñ <uhs .Kk 4 8 8

.ey

EKq <

uhs .

Kk

;ru 5 ;ru 6 ;ru7

im;a;=fõ ;ru

meñ

Ks .

eyeK

Q <uhs .

Kk

iÿod wÕyre nodod

.ey

eKq <

uhs .

Kk

nifhka mhska fjk;a wdldrhg

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• Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq wjia:dfõ j.=fõ ±lafjk .eyeKq <uhs yd iïnkaO

f;dr;=re m%ia;drhlska olajd we;s wdldrh wOHhkh lrkak'

• ta wkqj msßñ <uhs yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re m%ia;drhlska olajkak'

• th ks,a j¾Kfhka j¾K lrkak'

• fuu m%ia;drh i|yd iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak'

• fm< fmd; wOHhkh lsÍfuka Tng ,enqk wjia:dfõ .eyeKq <uhska yd iïnkaO

f;dr;=re iy msßñ <uhska yd iïnkaO f;dr;=re hk folu tlu m%ia;drhl olajkak'

• tu m%ia;drh i|yd o iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; mka;shg boßm;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï jkak'

2 fldgi

537, 558, 536, 522, 525, 530, hk ixLHd iuQyh igykl olajd we;s whqre my;

±lafõ' th fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'

52 2 , 5

53 0 , 6 , 7

55 8

• my; olajd we;s ixLHd ldKav w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk ixLHd ldKavh fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

ixLHd ldKavh 1 ixLHd ldKavh 2 ixLHd ldKavh 3

7, 48, 34, 39 103, 94, 108, 109 304, 312, 285, 2989, 2, 12, 15 105, 105, 107, 103 307, 296, 340, 321

25, 12, 11, 17 107, 104, 93, 98 317, 309, 323, 293 23, 28, 29, 41 104, 108, 107, 99 314, 340, 328, 299 40, 30, 23, 23 97, 101, 109, 102 308, 319, 333, 338

• oS we;s igyk o fm< fmd; o wOHhkfhka Tng ,eî we;s ixLHd iqÿiq mßÈ igykl

olajkak'

• ta igykg iqÿiq kula fhdackd lrkak'

• igyfka m<uq ;Srhg iqÿiq ixLHd f;dard .;a wdldrh ms<sn| j idlÉPd lrkak'

• Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq wdldrfha fjk;a ixLHd ldKavhla ,shd tu ldKavh o tjeks

igykl olajkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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26. o;a; ksrEmKh yd w¾:l:kh II

ksmqK;dj 29 ( ffoksl lghq;= myiq lr .ekSu i|yd o;a; úúO l%u u.ska

úYaf,aIKh lrñka mqfrdal:kh lrhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 29'1 ( o;a;j, úisÍu ú.%y lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 29'1 ( o;a;j, úisÍu fidhd n,uq'

ld,h ( ñks;a;= 60 hs

.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 29'1'1 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a

;=kla '



mshjr 29'1'1 ( • i;s folla ;=< tla tla Èkfha isiqka f.a mdi,a meñKSu

l¿,E,af,a igyka lrkak'

• my; i|yka lreKq u;=jk fia idlÑPdjla

fufyhjkak'

• tla tla Èkfha isiqkaf.a meñKSfï fjkialï we;s

nj'

• meóKSu jD;a; m;% igyklska ±laúh yels nj'

• f;dr;=re weiqfrka úúO ks.ukj,g t<eôh yels

nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh fhduq lr

ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾h mjrkak'



lrjkak'

^ñks;a;= 40 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• o;a; iuQyhl wvq;u w.h wju w.h f,i

ye¢kafjk nj'

• tys jeä;u w.h Wmßu w.h f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• tys Wmßu w.h yd wju w.h w;r fjki mrdih

f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• o;a; iuQyh ms<sn| úúO ks.ukj,g t<eöug Wmßu

w.h wju w.h yd mrdih fhdod .; yels nj'

• o;a; tlla fyda lsysmhla wka o;a; j,ska úYd, f,i

wE;a jkafka kï mrdih úYd, jk neúka th ;=<ska

.kakd ks.uk ksjerÈ fkdjk nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• o;a; iuQyhl Wmßu w.h, wju w.h yd mrdih úia;r

lrhs'

• o;a; iuQyhl mrdih u.ska tu o;a;j, jHdma;sh ms<sn|

woyila ,nd.; yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• o;a; iuQyhl Wmßu w.h, wju w.h yd mrdih .Kkh

lrhs'

• iSudka;sl w.hka ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a fjhs'

• f;dr;=re mokï lr .ksñka ksjerÈ ks.ukj,g t<fò'

173

weuqKqu 29'1'1


o;a;j, úisÍu fidhd n,uq

my; ±lafjk ixLHd ldKav w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk ixLHd ldKavh fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

ixLHd ldKavh - 1

7 fYA%KSfha isiqkaf.a Èk 10 l meñKSu my; ±lafõ'

30, 35, 31, 29, 40, 28, 34, 35, 39, 33ixLHd ldKavh - IIweÕ¿ï lïy,l lemS bj;ajk frÈ len,s lsysmhl os. óg¾j,ska my; ±lafõ'

0.1, 0.9, 1.1, 0.3, 0.2, 0.3, 1.2, 0.5, 0.4, 0.8

ixLHd ldKavh - IIIÈk 10l ^ñ,s óg¾j,ska uksk ,o & j¾Idm;kh ms<sn| f;dr;=re ±lafjk jDka; m;%

igykla my; ±lafõ'

jDka;h m;%h

0 2, 3, 5, 9 1 4, 6, 7, 8 2 2, 5

ixLHd ldKavh - IVÈk 10 la ;=< fj<oie,l wf,ú jQ iy,aa lsf,da.a?ï .Kk ms<sn| f;dr;=re ±lafjk

jDka; m;% igykla my; ±lafõ'

jDka;h m;%h

10 2, 5, 8 11 4, 7, 8, 9 12 1, 3, 6• Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq ixLHd ljr w.hka w;r me;sÍ ;sfí±hs fidhkak'• jeäu w.fha yd wvqu w.fha tu w.hka f.a jeo.;alu meyeÈ,s lr tajd i|yd iqÿiq kï fhdackd lrkak'• tu w.hka w;r fjki fidhd ta i|yd iqÿiq kula fm< fmd; mßYS,kfhka fidhkak• fuu fjki wvq jeä ùu yd o;a;j, j,x.=;djh w;r iïnkaOhla ;sfí±hs idlÉPd lrkak'• fujeks w.hka fhdod .kakd wjia:d i|yd ksoiqka olajkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,Sj bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iqodkï jkak'

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27. mßudK rEm

ksmqK;dj 13 ( úúO l%u úê .fõIKh lrñka m%dfhda.sl wjYH;d i|yd

mßudK rEm Ndú; lrhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 13'1 ( mßirh weiqfrka ,nd.;a È. wdYs%; ñkqï cHdñ;sl ;, rEm

j,ska ksrEmKh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 17'3 ( mßudK rEm w¢uq'

ld,h ( ñks;a;= 75hs'


y;rla '

• äuhs lvodis, fldgq rE,a lvodis yd meiag,a

• ir, odrh


mshjr 13'1'1 ( • mdif,a iDcqfldaKdi% yeve;s Yd,djl ìfuys rEmhla

wNHdi fmdf;a we¢h yels ±hs úuiñka idlÉPdjla

fufyhjkak'


fufyhjkak'

• úYd, ñkqï iys; msysàulg wod< rEmhla

wNHdi fmdf;a we¢h fkdyels nj'

• by; mßos rEmhla we£ug kï yevh fkdfjkia j

wNHdi fmdf;a we¢h yels mßÈ l=vd lr we¢h hq;=

nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'

• .fõIK Wmfoia" fj; lKavdhïj,

wjOdkh fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh

mjrkak'



lrjkak'

^ñks;a;+ 40 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• ienE ñkqï lsishï wkqmdkhlg l=vd lsÍfuka fyda

úYd, lsÍfuka w¢kq ,nk rEmhla mßudK rEmhla

f,i ye¢kafjk nj'

• mßudK rEmhla we£fï § iqÿiq mßudKhla f;dard

.; hq;= nj'

• mßudK rEmfha 1cm lska ±lafjk È. yd Bg wod<

ienE rEmfha fikaáógr j,ska ±lafjk È. w;r

wkqmd;h mßudKh nj ' • 1cm x cm fyda 1cm y m wd§ f,i o ±lafjk

fia ir, mßudKhla i|yka lrk wjia:d we;s nj'

• 1 cm lska x cm ±lafõ hkak 1:x f,ig ±laúh yels

nj'

• f;dard.;a mßudKhg wkqj mßudK rEmh we¢h yels

nj'

• l=vd rEmhla úYd,lr we£u i|yd mßudK rEm

fhdod.; yels nj ' • mßudK rEmhl § we;s ñkqï" mßudKfhka .=K

lsÍfuka ienE rEmfha ñkqï ,nd .; yels nj '

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• § we;s iDcqfldKdi%hl mßudK rEmhla we£u i|yd

iqÿiq mßudKhla m%ldY lrhs

• mßudK rEmhla we¢fï§ iqÿiq mßudKhla f;dard.; hq;=

nj ms<s.kshs'

• f;dard.;a mßudKhg wkqj mßudK rEmh we| olajhs '

• ikaksfõokh myiq lr .ekSu i|yd iqÿiq Wml%u fhdod

.ksñka rEmsl ksrEmK bÈßm;a lrhs'

• wjia:dfjdaÑ;j iqÿiq foa f;dardf.k Ndú; lrhs'

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weuqKqu 17'1'1


mßudK rEm w¢uq

• my; § we;s j.=fõ ±lafjk ia:dk w;=frka Tn lKavdhug ,efnk ia:dkh fj;

wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'

ia:dkh ienE ìfï È. ^m) ienE ìfï m<, (m) mka;s ldurhl idcqfldaKdi%dldr 6 5

ìu

fjd,sfnda,a msáh 18 9

m%Odk Yd,djl

iDcqfldaKdi%dldr ìu 40 25

iDcqfldaKdi%dldr msÜgksh 600 400

• Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq ia:dkh È., m<, wkqj rEmhla Tfí wNHdi fmdf;a

we¢h yels ±hs idlÉPd lrkak'

• tfia we¢h fkdyels kï rEmh we|sh yels jk mßÈ ienE rEmfha yevh fkdfjkia

jkfia .; yels È., m<, fhdackd lrkak'

• Tn ,nd.;a È., m<, wkqj rEmh fldgqrE,a lvodishl w¢kak'

• Tn we¢ rEmfha 1 cm È.lska ienE È. fikaáóg¾ lShla olajkafka o hkak idlÉPdlr

,nd .kak'

• Tn we¢ rEmfha 1 cm È.la yd ienE remfha Bg wkqrEm Èf.a fikaàóg¾ .Kk w;r

wkqmd;h ,shd olajkak'

• Tn ,nd .;a wkqmd;h i|yd iqÿiq kula fm< fmd; mßYS,kh lsÍfuka fidhd .kak'

• 300 cm È.la 1cm lska olajd we;s wjia:djl w¢k ,o È. 5 cm o m<, 3 cm o jk

iDcqfldKDi%ldr rEmhl Bg wkqrEm ienE È., m<, fikaáóg¾ j,ska ,nd f.k

miqj th óg¾ j,ska olajkak'

• ks¾udKYS,Sj iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iqodkï jkak'

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177

28. fgi,dlrKh

ksmqK;dj 26 ( w,xlrKh i|yd cHdñ;sl yev;, fhdod .; yels l%u úê

úu¾Ykh lrhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 26'1 ( cHdñ;sl yev;, weisßh yels l%u úuihs'

l%shdldrlu 26'1 ( cHñ;sl yev;,j,ska fudaia;r ks¾udKh lruq'



y;rla '

• j¾K y;rlska Pdhdmsgm;a lvodis 16'

• ì%iag,a fndaâ folla'

• l;=re wgla'

• ue,shï yd meiag,a'

• mßudKhg we| lmd.;a .fõIK m;s%ldfõ we;s nyq wi%

tl ne.ska


mshjr 26'1'1 ( • isiqka fuf;la W.;a nyqwi% l¿,E,af,a w¢ñka tajdfha

,laIK ms<sn| j isiqkaf.ka úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• úúO cHñ;sl yev;, we;s nj'

• ir, f¾Ld LKavj,ska hq;a ixjD; ;, rEmhla nyq

wi%hla kï jk nj'

• iúê nyqwi%hl mdo iudk nj'

• iúê nyqwi%hl fldaK iudk nj'

^ñks;a;= 15 hs&


• .fõIK Wmfoia" äuhs lvodis yd meiag,a nyq wi% yevh






lrjkak

^ñks;a;+ 20 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• we;eï nyqwi% fhdod.ksñka ysveia fkdisák fia o

tl u; tl fkdmsysgk fia o ;, u;=msgla

iïmQ¾Kfhka wdjrKh l< yels nj'

• fujeks ks¾udKhla fgi,dlrKhla nj'

• tla yev;, j¾.hla muKla Ndú; lrñka lrk

fgi,dlrKhla Y=oaO fgi,dlrKhla jk nj'

• Y=oaO fgi,dlrKhla i|yd kEu ;s%fldaKhla fhdod

.;yels nj'

• Y=oaO fgi,dlrKhla i|yd kEu p;=ri%hla

fhdod .; yels nj'

• iúê Ivi%, Y=oaO fgi,dlrKhla i|yd fhdod

.;yels nj'

• we;eï nyqwi% fhdod Y=oaO fgi,dlrK l< fkdyels

nj'

^ñks;a;= 20 hs&


• Y+oaO fgi,dlrKhl ,laIK úia;r lrhs'

• iuyr nyqwi% yev fhdod.ksñka ;, u;= msgla wdjrKh

l< yels nj ms<s.kshs'

• cHdñ;sl yev;, fhdod .ksñka Y=oaO fgi,dlrK

ks¾udKh lrhs'

• wjia:dkql+,j úis;=re rgd ks¾udKh lrhs'

• mßir w,xlrKhg fhduqfõ'

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weuqKqu 26'1'1


cHdñ;sl yev;, j,ska fudaia;r ks¾udKh lruq

• my; ±lafjk yev;,j,ska Tn lKavdhug ,eî we;s yev;,h ms<sn| j wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

yev;,h - 1 yev;,h - 2

5 cm 4 cm 3 cm

yev;,h - 3 yev;,h - 4

6 cm 5 cm

7 cm 2 cm

• tu yev;,fhka yels;dla msgm;a m%udKhla jraK lvodis u; we| lmd.kak'

• lmd.;a yev;, ysveia fkdisák fia o tl u; tl fkdisák fia o l%uj;aj yd

w,xldr f,i ì%iag,a fndaâ tl u; w,jkak'

• Tfí ks¾udKh i|yd kula fhdokak'

• fujeks yev;, fhdod iEÿ rgd olakg we;s ia:dk i|yka lrkak'

• kEu nyqwi% yev;,hla fhdod.ksñka fujeks ks¾udKhla l< yels ± hs idlÉPd

lrkak'

• Tfí wkdjrK ks¾udKYS,S j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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29. isÿùul úh yelshdj

ksmqK;dj 31 ( wkd.; isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍu i|yd isÿùul úh yelshdj

úYaf,aIKh lrhs.ksmqK;d uÜgu 31'1 ( m%udKd;aul w.hka mokï lr.ksñka mÍlaIKd;aul isÿùul

úh yelshdj ks¾Kh lrhs'

l%shdldrlu 17'3 ( úhyelshdjg ,l=Kq fouq'


.=Kd;aul fhojqï ( • weuqKqu 31'1'1 g we;=<;a isoaê igyk'

• weuqKqu 31'1'2 g we;=<;a .fõIK Wmfoia m;s%ldfõ msgm;a

y;rla '



mshjr 31'1'1 ( • isoaê igyk mka;shg bÈßm;a lrkak'

• isiqkg ish leue;af;ka bÈßm;aùug wjia:dj ,nd §

igyfka fldgq ;=< iaÒrj u isÿjk ^√&, iaÓrj u isÿ

fkdjk ^x&, úh yelshdj ksYaÑ; fkdjk ^−& hkqfjka

,l=Kq lrjkak'

• YsIH m%;spdr o ie,ls,a,g f.k isoaêhl úh yelshdj

ms<sn| j úuikak'


fufyhjkak'

• úhyelshdj wkqj we;eï isoaê j¾. l< yels nj'

• iaÓrj u isÿjk isoaê yd ia:Srj u isÿ fkdjk isoaê

yd m%;sM, l,a;shd ksYaÑ;j lsj fkdyels isoaê

hkqfjka isoaê j¾. ;=klg fjka l< yels nj'

^ñks;a;= 10 hs&



w;r fnod fokak'• .fõIK Wmfoia fj; lKavdhïj, wjOdkh

fhduq lr ta ta lKavdhug wod< ld¾hh mjrkak'• l=vd lKavdhï .fõIKfha fhdojkak'


lrjkak' ñks;a;+ 20 hs&

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wjia:dj ,ndfokak'



fhfokak'

• isoaêhl úhyelshdjg 0-1& mßudKhg ,l=Kq

m%odkh l< yels nj'

• isÓrj u isÿjk isoaêhl úhyelshdjg m%odkh

lrk ,l=Kq 1 nj'

• iaÓrj u isÿfkdjk isoaêhl úhyelshdjg m%odkh

lrk ,l=K 0 nj'

• isÿùu ksYaÑ; fkdjk isoaêhl úh yelshdjg m%odkh

lrk ,l=K 0 ;a 1;a w;r nj'

• iudk úh yelshdjlska hq;a m%;sM, folla muKla

we;s mÍlaIKhl tla m%;sM,hla isÿ ùfï úh

yelshdjg m%odkh lrk ,l=K 1$2 nj'

• hï isoaêhla isÿùfï yelshdj b;d jeä kï Bg m%odk

lrk ,l=K 1$2 ;a 1 ;a w;r nj'

• hï isoaêhla isÿùfï yelshdj b;d wvq kï Bg m%odkh

lrk ,l=Kq 0;a 1$2 ;a w;r nj'

• ishü m%;sM, i|yd iudk úh yelshdjla we;s

mÍlaIKj, § Ndú; lrkq ,nk jia;= fkdkeUqre

tajd nj'

• ishü m%;sM, i|yd iudk úh yelshdjla fkdue;s

mÍlaKj, § Ndú; lrkq ,nk jia;= keUqre tajd

nj'

^ñks;a;= 35 hs&


• úhyelshdj ie<ls,a,g f.k isoaê úia;r lrhs'

• úhyelshdj wkqj isÿùï mqfrdal:kh lsÍug fm<fUhs'

• iïNdú;d mÍlaIKj, úh yelshdj ;SrKh lrhs'

• ;uka w;aolsk isÿùï ;¾ldKql+, j úuihs'

• fya;= hqla; ie<ls,a,g f.k ;SrK .kshs'

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weuqKqu 31'1'1

isoaê igyk

• f,d;/hs m;la ñ, § .;a flfkl=g f,d;/hs Èkqula ,eîu

• wudjl Èkl § wyfia mqkai| Èiaùu

• oyfhka fnfok ixLHdjla foflka fn§u

• m,ila u; isg.;a ñksfil= wyiska hdu

• ldishla Wv±uQ úg isri fyda w.h fyda ,eîu

• ì;a;rhlska n<,a meáfhl= bm§u

• 90 isg 100 f;la ixLHd ,shQ ldâm;a lÜg,hlska

m%:ul ixLHdjla ,eîu

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weuqKqu 31'1'1


úh yelshdjg ,l=Kq fouq

my; i|yka isoaê lÜg, w;ßka Tn lKavdhug ,enqkq isoaê lÜg,h fj; wjOdkh

fhduq lrkak'

isoaê lÜg, IA. r;= mEka fmÜáhlska .kakd mEkla r;=mdg tlla ùu'

B. me;s yh 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 f,i i,l=Kq lr we;s iunr odÿ leghla Wv ±ófuka

7 ,eîu'

C. tlu m%udKfha bÿKq wU f.ä myla yd wuq wU f.ä tlla we;s fmÜáhlska

.kakd wU f.ähla bÿKq tlla ùu'

D. 2, 5, 7, 11 ixLHd ,shQ ldâm;a lÜg,hlska brÜg ixLHdjla ,eîu'

E. iunr ldishla Wv ±uQ úg isri ,eîu'

isoaê lÜg, IIA. me;s yfha u 1 ,l=Kq lr w;s iunr odÿ leghla Wv ±ófuka 1 ,eîu'

B. 2, 4, 6, 8 f,i ixLHd ,shQ ldâm;a lÜg,hlska T;af;a ixLHdjla iys;

ldâm;la .ekSu'

C. j¾Idêl ld,hl § lsishï Èkhla jeis iys; Èkhla ùu'

D. mka;sfha lsishï YsIHfhl= ckjdß udifha Wmka wfhl= ùu'

E. tlu m%udKfha ks,amdg fnda,hla yd r;= mdg fnda,hla iys; u,a,lska .kakd

fnda,hla r;=mdg tlla ùu'

isoaê lÜg, IIIA. kef.kysßka br mEhSu'

B. tlu m%udKfha r;=mdg iy ks,amdg fnda, muKla wvx.= u,a,lska .kakd

fnda,hla l¿mdg tlla ùu'

C. 2, 5, 7 ,11 ixLHd ,shQ ldâm;a lÜg,hlska T;af;a ixLHdjla iys; ldâm;la

,eîu'

D. 2, 5 ,7,11 ixLHd ,shQ ldâm;l brÜg ixLHdjla ùu'

E. wxl 1 yd wxl 2 igyka l< ;=Kavq folla w;=ßka .kakd ;=Kavqjl wxl 1

i|yka ùu'

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isoaê lÜg, IVA. 2, 4, 6, 8 ixLHd ,shQ ldâm;a lÜg,hlska brÜg ixLHdjla iys; ldâm;la

.ekSu'

B. niakdysßka br mEhSu'

C. msßñ <uqka kj fokl= f.a kï yd .eyeKq <ufhl= f.a ku ,shk ,o ldâm;a

w;=frka .kakd ldâm;l msßñ <ufhl= f.a ku i|yka ùu'

D. ±ä kshx ld,hla ;=< hï Èkhla jeis iys; Èkhla ùu'

E. fodvï ri fgd*shla iy ishU,d ri fgd*shla wvx.= md¾i,hlska .kakd

fgd*shla fodvï rie;s ùu'

• fm< fmdf;ys isÿùul úh yelshdj mdvfuys isoaêj, úh yelshdj i|yd msßkuk

,l=Kq ms<sn| j fyd¢ka wOHhkh lrkak'

• isoaêhla isÿùug we;s yelshdj ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a fjñka A, B, C, D, yd E i|yd

msßkuk ,l=Kg ysñ ia:dk my; f¾Ldfõ igyka lrkak'

0 1$2 1

• tu tla tla ia:dk tfia ,l=Kq lsÍug fya;= idlÉPd lrkak'

• my; ±lafjk tla tla mÍlaIKfha m%;sM, fjk fjku ,shd olajkak'

• ljä fn,af,l= Wv ±óu'

• iunr ldish Wv ±óu'

• tu m%;sM,j, úh yelshdj i,lñka tajdg ysñ ia:dk by; wdldrfha f¾Ldjla we|

tys ,l=Kq lrkak'

• tla tla mÍlaIKfha m%;sM, f¾Ldj u; ,l=Kq lsÍu i,lñka fm<fmd; mßYS,kh lr

tla tla mÍlaIKh i|yd iqÿiq kï fhdackd lrkak'

• ks¾udKYS,S iuia; lKavdhï bÈßm;a lsÍula i|yd iQodkï jkak'

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;lafiarej yd we.hSu

186

ye¢kaùu

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh u.ska wfmalaIs; bf.kqï M, isiqka úiska idlaId;a lr

.ekSu ;yjqre lsÍu i|yd;a isiqka <Õd lr .;a m%ùK;d uÜgï y÷kd .ekSu i|yd;a mka;s

ldurfha myiqfjka ls%hd;aul l< yels wka;¾ iïnkaO;djlska hq;a jevigyka folla

f,i ;lafiarej yd we.hSu yªkajd Èh yelsh' ;lafiarej ksismßÈ isÿjkafka kï mka;sfha

bf.kqu ,nk ish¨ u isiqkag wod< ksmqK;d iïnkaO j wdikak m%ùK;dj j;a ,nd

.ekSu wmyiq fkdfõ' wfkla w;g we.hSfuka wfmalaId lrkafka isiqka ,.d lr.;a

m%ùK;d uÜgï ljf¾±hs y÷kd .ekSuh'

;lafiare lsÍfï fh§ isák .=rejrekg ;u isiqka i|yd fohdldrhl

udrf.damfoaYl;ajh ,nd Èh yels h' tu ud¾f.damfoaY fmdÿfõ y÷kajkafka m%;sfmdaIKh

yd bÈßfmdaIKh hkqfjks' isiqkaf.a ÿn,;d yd fkdyelshd wkdjrKh lr .;a úg Tjqkaf.a

bf.kqï .eg¨ uÕ yrjd .ekSug m%;sfmdaIKh;a isiq yelshd iy m%n,;d y÷kd .;a úg tu

olaI;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug bÈß fmdaIKh ,nd §u .=re ld¾hh fõ'

bf.kqï b.ekaùfï ls%hdj,sfha id¾:l;ajh i|yd úIh ks¾foaYhg we;=<;a ksmqK;d

w;=frka ljr ksmqK;d ljr uÜgñka idlaId;a l< yels jQfha ±hs isiqka úiska y÷kd .ekSu

wjYH fõ' we.hSï jevms<sfj< Tiafia isiqka ,Õd lr.;a m%ùK;d uÜgï úksYaph lsÍu

fï wkqj .=rejrekaf.ka n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk w;r isiqka yd fouõmshka we;=¿ fjk;a wod<

md¾Yjhkag isiq m%.;sh ikaksfõokh lsÍug .=rejreka fhduq úh hq;= fõ'

Tn fj; bÈßm;a lrk fuu úIhud,d YsIH flakaøSh(Student - centred), ksmqK;d

mdol(Competency - based), ls%hdldrlï ÈYdNsuqL(Activity oriented), lr .;a m%fõYhlska

hqla; fõ' Ôú;h w¾:j;a lr.ekSu i|yd ls%hdfjka bf.kqu .=rejrhdf.a mßKduk

N+ñldfõ (Transformation role) yrh fõ'

mQ¾jfhka ixj¾Okh l< ls%hdldrl;ï ika;;shla Tiafia ls%hd;aul jk fuu

úIhud,dj bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu ;lafiarej yd we.hSu iuÕ ifudaOdkh lsrSug W;aidy

ord we;' ta ta ls%hdldrlïj, fojeks mshjf¾ § isiqka lKavdhï jYfhka .fõIKfha

fhfok úg Tjqka ;lafiarejg;a ls%hdldrlïj, ;=ka jeks mshjf¾ § isiqka iajlSh wkdjrK

bÈßm;a lsÍug yd úia;drKhg fhduq jk úg Tjqka we.hSug;a .=rejrhdg yels fõ' isiqka

.fõIKfha fhfok úg isiqka w;r .ejfiñka Tjqka bgq lrk ld¾h ksÍlaIKh lrñka

isiqka uqyqKmd we;s .eg¨ mka;s ldurh ;=< § úi|d .ekSu i|yd myiqlï iy

ud¾f.damfoaYl;ajh imhd Èu .=rejrhdf.ka wfmlaId lrk ld¾hh fõ'

;lafiarej yd we.hSu myiqfjka l< yels jk mßÈ fmdÿ ks¾Kdhl myla fhdackd

flf¾' fuu ks¾Kdhl w;=frka m<uq jk ks¾Kdhl ;=k ta ta ksmqK;dj f.dv ke.Sug

talrdYS ù ;sfnk ±kqu wdl,am yd l=i,;d uQ,sl fldg ieliS ;sfí' wjidk ks¾Kdhl

fol Ôú;hg jeo.;a jk yelshd folla m%.=K lr.ekSug isiqka g w; foa' fï ks¾Kdhl

yd iïnkaO p¾hd fjkialï my mka;sldurh ;=< isiqka ls%hd;aul ùfï § y÷kd .ekSug

.=rejrhd W;aidy l< hq;= w;r ;lafiarej hgf;a tu p¾hd f.dvke.Su ;yjqre lsÍug;a

we.hSu hgf;a tfia f.dv k.d .;a p¾hd ms<sn| j úksYaphkag t<îug;a .=rejrhd fhduq

úh hq;= fõ'

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;lafiarej yd we.hSu ms<n| jevms<sfj< jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfuka bf.kqï b.ekaùï

ls%hdj,sh §¾> l< yelsh' fufia bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu oS¾> lsÍu i|yd uq,skau l< hq;af;a

ls%hdldrlï ika;;shg we;=<;a ls%hdldrlï ldKav lsysmhlg fjkalr .ekSuhs' isiq bf.kqu

úlis; l< yels m%fNao lSmhla ta ta ls%hdldrlï ldKav yd nef|k úIh ikaOdrh mokï

lr .ksñka fojkqj y÷kd.; hq;=hs' f;dard.;a m%fNao mokï lrf.k .=rejrhdg yd

isiqkag Wmfoia we;=<;a jk mßÈ bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh oS¾> flfrk fuu WmlrKh

ilid .ekSu B<. mshjr jk w;r iEu ls%hdldrlï ldKavhla wdrïNfha § u fuu

WmlrK isiqkag y\qkajd §u .=rejrhdf.ka wfmalaId flf¾. fï wkqj bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu

§¾> lsÍu i|yd .=rejrfhl=g fhdod .; yels m%fNao lsysmhla u;= ±la fõ'

• ixl,am is;shu (CONCEPT MAPS)• ì;a;s mqj;am; (WALL NEWS PAPERS)• m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyka (QUIZZES)• m%Yak iy ms<s;=re fmd;a (QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOKS)• YsIH ld¾h idOk f.dkq (PORTFOLIOS)• isiq ks¾udK m%o¾Yk (EXHIBITIONS)• újdo (DEBATES)• idlÉPd uKav, (PANEL DISCUSSIONS)• iïuka;%K (SEMINARS)• lAIKsl l:d (IMPROMPTU SPEECHES)• N+ñld rx.k (ROLE PLAYS)• idys;H úuiqï bosrsm;a lsÍu (PRESENTATION OF LITERATURE REVIEWS)• lafIA;% fmd;a $ iajNdj wOhk Èkfmd;a$fyd| jev fmd;a (FIELD BOOKS / NATURE DIARIES)• m%dfhda.sl mÍlaIK (PRACTICAL TESTS).=re ud¾f.damfoaY ix.%yfha ;=kajk fldgi fhdað; bf.kqu yd b.ekaùu §¾>

lsÍfï wjia:d yd ta i|yd f;dard f.k we;s WmlrK y÷kajd §ug ie,iqïlr ;sfí' fï

wdldrhg ls%hdldrlï ;=<;a tajd w;r ;lafiarej yd we.hSu fohdldrhlska isÿ lsÍfuka

bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh ;j ÿrg;a mq¿,a jk w;r wdYdfjka yd m%fndaOfhka bf.kqfï

kshe,Sug isiqkg yels fõ'

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bf.kqï b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh §¾> lsÍfï WmlrK

WmlrKh - 1

1 . we.hSï wjia:dj : m%:u jdrh

2 . wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 25 .1 , 30 .1 ,

3 . WmlrKhg wod< úIh ikaOdrh : iuñ;sh

l=,l

4 . WmlrKfha iajNdjh : ì;a;s mqj;am;g ks¾udK ieliSu

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKq : oaú md¾Yaúl iuñ;sh ms<sn| úuis,su;afjhs.

oaú md¾Yúl iuñ;sh iys; Ñ;%ks¾udKh lr rEmj, iuñ;sl wlaIixLHdj ,shd olajhs.

fmdÿ ,laIK mokï lr.ksñkaøjH j¾.SlrKh lrhs.

w,xldr k s¾udK iys; ì;a; smqj;am;la ilia lrhs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia :

.=rejrhdg ls%hdldrlu 25'1 wdrïNfha § fuuWmlrK ms<sn| j isiqka ±kqj;alrkak.

fojk mdvu wjika ù i;shlskamuK fuu WmlrKh ilidwjika l< hq;= nj isiqkag ±kqïfokak.iqÿiq mßÈ isiqka lKavdhïj,gfjka lrkak.tla tla YsIHhd úiska ks¾udKhlrk ,o Ñ;% A- 4 fld<hl w,jdlKavdhï ksuejqula ilia l< hq;=njg mka;sh ±kqj;a lrkak.ish¨ u lKavdhïj, ksuejqï ì;a;smqj;amf;ys m%o¾Ykh lsÍugi,iajkak.ks¾Kdhlhkag wkqj isiqkag ,l=Kqm%odkh lrkak.

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isiqkag : tla tla YsIHhd úiska 8 cm x 8 cmm%udKfha fld<hl oaúmd¾Yaúliuñ;sh iys; w,xldr rEmhlaks¾udKh lrkak. tys iuñ;slwlaI tlla fyda lsysmhla ;sìhyelsh.rEmhg háka tys we;s iuñ;slwlaI ixLHdj iy rEmfha ku,shkak.

Tn lKavdhfï tla tla YsIHhdúiska ks¾udKh lrk ,o Ñ;% A-4fld<hl w,jd lKavdhï ksuejqulailikak .

Tfí lKavdhu ks¾udKh l<rEmj,ska ±lafjk iuñ;sl wlaIixLHdj fyda fjk;a fmdÿ,laIKhla mokï lr .ksñka turEm l=,lj,g fjka lrkak.

l=,lj, wjhj iÕ, jryka ;=<A-4 fld<fha my<ska ,shkak.

fojk mdvu wjika ù i;shlmuK ld,hla ;=< Tfí lKavdhfïksuejqu ì;a;s mqj;a mf;ys m%o¾Ykhlrkak .

7 . ,l=Kq §fï l%uh :

ks¾Kdhl : oaúmd¾Yaúl iuñ;sh iys; rEmhlaks¾udKh lr iuñ;sl wlaIhh ,shdolajhs.

ksuejqu w,xldr f,i ieliSugfm<fò .

rEm, l=,lj,g fjka lr tajdfhawjhj ,shd olajhs.

kshñ; ld,h ;=< ;u ld¾hhwjika lrhs.

tla tla whf.a ks¾udK tl;=jlaweiqßka .=Kd;aul lKavdhïksuejqula ieliSug odhl fõ.

,l=Kq mrdih : b;d fyd|hs 04

fyd|hs 03

uOHia:hs 02

ixj¾Okh úhhq;=hs 01

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WmlrKh - 2

1. we.hSï wjia:dj : m%:u jdrh

2 . wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 1'2 1'3 6'1

3 . WmlrKhg wod< úIh ikaOdrh : NdcH;d rS;s

^3ka 4ka 6ka yd 9ka fnfok ixLHd&

• idOl yd .=Kdldr 1000 f;la&

• m%:ul idOl ^100 f;la&

• uyd fmdoq idOlh

• l=vdu fmdoq .=Kdldrh

• mdoh ùcSh ixfla; jQ n, ye|skajSu

4. WmlrKfha iajNdjh : ixLHd m%fya,sld

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKQ : • idOl .=Kdldr yd o¾Yl ms<sn|

oekqu Ndú; lrhs'

• ixLHd m%fya,sldjla iïmQ¾K lsÍfï

l=i,;dj ,nd.kS'

• ixLHd m%fya,sld ks¾udKh lrhs'

6 . WmlrK ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia :

• .=rejrhdg • idOl yd .=Kdldr mdvu wdrïNfha

§ WmlrKh mka;shg y÷kajd

fokak'

• ixLHd m%fya,sldjla iïmQ¾K lrk

wdldrh ms<n| j isiqka ±kqj;a

lrkak'

• tla fldgqjl tla ixLHdjla

muKla ,sùug Wmfoia ,nd fokak'

• my; § we;s ixLHd m%fya,sldj

lKavdhug tlla ne.ska ,nd

fokak'

• m%fya,sldj iïmQ¾K lsÍug

mjrkak'

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• È we;s 4 x 4 fldgq cd,fha

ixLHd m%fya,sldjla ks¾udKh

lsÍug wjYH rel=,amo ,sùug Wmfoia

fokak

úi÷ï bosrsm;a lsrSug mjrkak'

I fldgi

• isiqkag : • § we;s m%fya,sldj msgm;a lr .kak'

• my<g yd yryg oS we;s rel=,a

mo wkqj wod< ixLHd ,shñka

m%fya,sldj iïmQ¾K lrkak'

rel=,a mo my<g

(a). 10 g wvq mQ¾K ixLHdjl fojk

n,h

(b). ^72 x 2& + 15 ys w.h

(c). x = 5 yd y = 5 úg x2y4

(e). 9 ka b;sß ke;sj fnfok

ixLHdjls

(g). 45, 90, 60 ys l=vdu fmdÿ .=Kdldrh

(h). 23 x 351 ys w.h

(i). 10000g wvq úYd,; u T;af;a

ixLHdj

(k). 7 ys n,hl w.h fõ

(m). 62 ys w.h fõ

(p). T;af;a ixLHdjls

(r). 100 ys .=Kdldrhls

r

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yryg yryg yryg yryg yryg

(a). 38 fuh 4ka b;sß ke;sj

fnfoa

(d). brÜg ixLHdjl 4 jk n,fha

w.h fõ'

(f). fuu ixLHdfõ tla idOlhla 9

fõ'

(g). 12 ys .=Kdldrhls'

(h). 34 ys w.h'

(i). fuu ixLHdj 49 ka fn¥ úg ms<s;=r

2 fõ'

(j). 6 ka b;sß ke;sj fnfok ixLHdjls'

(l). 3, fuu ixLHdfõ idOlhls'

(n). mfya .=Kdldrhlajk T;af;a

ixLHdjls'

(o). 3 ka 4 ka 5 ka fn¥ úg 1la b;sßjk

l=vdu ixLHdj'

(q). 100 g wvq úYd,;u m%:ul

(s). 6 ys yd 5 ys l=vdu fmdÿ .=Kdldrh fõ'

ixLHdj'

II fldgi

• by; i|yka fldgq cd,h msgm;a

lr.kak'

• m%fya,sldj ks¾udKh lsÍug

wjYH rel=,a mo ,shkak'

• ta wkqj m%fya,sldfõ úi÷ï

fidhkak'

• msgm;a lr.;a m%fya,sldj iy tys

úi÷ï kshu lrk ,o Èkg

fmr Ndr fokak'

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07 ,l=Kq §fï l%uh :

• ks¾Kdhl • § we;s m%fya,sldj ksjerÈj

iïmQ¾K lrkak'

• m%fya,sldjla iïmQ¾K lsÍfï §

ixhuhlska l< hq;= nj ms<s.ksS'

• m%fya,sld ks¾udKh lrhs'

• .eg¨ úi§ug úl,am l%u fhdod

.kshs'

• ks¾udKYs,S wjika ksuejqula

t<s olajhs'

,l=KQ mrdih : b;d fyd|hs 04

fyd|hs 03

uOHia:hs 02

ixj¾Okh úh hq;=hs 01

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WmlrKh wxl -3

1 . we.hSï wjia:dj : m<uq jeks jdrh

2 . wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 12.1, 9.1, 21.1, 21.2, 3.1, 3.2

3 . WmlrKhg wod< úIh ikaOdrh : • ld,h

• ialkaOh

• fldaK

• Nd.

4. WmlrKfha iajNdjh : m%Yak úpdrd;aul jevigyk

5. WmlrKfha wruqKq : ld,h, ialkaOh, fldaK, Nd. ms<sn|

j ,nd.;a ±kqu m%Yak ks¾udKh i|yd

Ndú; lrhs'

ud;Dldjg wod< j ,shk ,o

m%Yakdj,s ì;a;s mqj;amf;ys

m%o¾Ykh lrhs'

lKavdhï yeÕSfuka hqla;j ;rÕh

i|yd boßm;a fjhs'

tÈfkod lghq;=j, § ld,h, ialkaOh,fldaK, Nd. ms<sn| j ,nd we;s w;a±lSï

;=<ska ksjerÈ ;SrKj,g t<fUhs'

6. WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia :

.=rejrhdg ls%hdldrlu 12.1 wdrïNfha §

WmlrKh mka;shg y÷kajd fokak'

mka;sh lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak'

my; ±lafjk wdldrhg tla tla

lKavdhug wod< úIh fldgia ,nd

fokak'

lKavdhu ld,h ialkaOh fldaK Nd.

ñY% ixLHd

úIu Nd.

Nd. tl;=lsÍuNd.ixikaokhñY% ixLHdixl,amh

Nd. wvq

lsÍu

1

2

3

4

wêl wjqreÿixl,amh

Y;lhixl,amh

ld,htl;= lsÍu

wvq lsÍu

tl;= lsÍuyd wvq lsÍu

.=K lsÍu

fn§u

tall tallmßj¾;khks¾udKh

uekSu

we£u kïlsÍu

ixl,amh

fldaKhlúYd,;ajhwxYl j,ska

>

>

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tla tla lKavdhug ,efnk úIh fldgia

i|yd iudka;r m%Yak my ne.ska

m%YAk 20la iy Bg wod< ms<s;=rels%hdldrlu 3'2 wjika ù i;shla we;=<;

ilia lr Ndr§ug isiqkag Wmfoia fokak'

isiqka úiska ilia lrk ,o m%Yakdj,sì;a;s mqj;amf;ys Èk folla m%o¾Ykhlrkak'tu m%Yakdj,s w;=frka m%Yak úpdrd;auljevigyk i|yd WÑ; m%Yak f;dard.kak'

iqÿiq wjia:djl lKavdhï fol ne.ska

f.k ;rÕh mj;ajkak'

isiqkag : Tn lKavdhug ,enqKq úIh fldgig

wod< m%Yak 20 la we;=<;a m%Yak m;%hla

ilia lr .=re;=udg Ndrfokak'

tu m%Yak m;%h ilia úh hq;af;a Tn

lKavdhug ,enqKq úIh fldgia weiqfrka

muKs'

Tn lKavdhu ilia l< m%Yak m;%hg

wod< ms,s;=re m;%h o ta iuÕ Ndr fokak'

ì;a;s mqj;a mf;ys m%o¾Ykh jk m%Yakdj,s

fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr m%Yak úpdrd;au;

jevigyk i|yd iQodkï jkak'

07 ,l=Kq §fï l%uh (

ks¾Kdhl lKavdhug kshñ; m%Yak m;%h ilia

lrhs'

m%Yak m;%hg wod< ms<s;=re m;%h

bÈßm;a lrhs'

,efnk m%Yak i|yd ksjerÈ ms<s;=r ,nd

fohs'

wNsfhda.d;aul f,i bÈßm;a fjhs'

;rÕfha ch fyda mrdch i;=áka

Ndr.kshs'

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,l=Kq mrdih ( b;dfyd|hs 4

fyd|hs 3

uOHia:hs 2


197

WmlrKh - 4

1 . we.hSï wjia:dj : fojk jdrh

2. wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 3.3, 4.1, 5.13. wod< úIh ikaOdrh : oYu .=KlsÍu yd fn§u

oyfha n, j,ska

mQ¾K ixLHd j,ska

wkqmd;hg fn§u

m%;sY; ixl,amh

oYu ixLHd" m%;sY; f,i

4 . WmlrKfha iajNdjh : m%Yak yd ms<s;=re wvx.= fmd;a msxplailia lsÍu.

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKq : tÈfkod Ôú;fha oYu, wkqmd; ydm%;sY; Ndú; jk ;eka fidhd n,hs.

tajd iïnkaO m%ldYk /ia lrhs.

fok ,o m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re" j.=u.ska bÈßm;a lrhs.

oYu, wkqmd; yd m%;sY; we;=<;a m%Yakiy ms<s;=re iys; fmd;a msxpla ilialrhs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia:.=rejrhdg wod< mdvï b.ekaùug fmr fuu

WmlrKh ms<sn| j isiqka ±kqj;alrkak .

/ialr .;hq;= úia;r yd f,aLkms<sn| j myod fokak.

m%Yak i|yd ms<s;=re" m%Yak m;%fha §we;s Wmfoia wkqj igyka l<hq;=nj mjikak.

fï ish,a, we;=<;alr fmd;a msxplailia lsÍug Wmfoia fokak.

msgljrh .ek úia;r lr fokak.

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isiqkag : oYu wkqmd; yd m%;sY; mdvï bf.k.kakd w;r;=r fj<o ±kaùï w;a m;s%ld^nexl= iy uQ,H wdh;kj,& iymqj;am;a iÕrd wdÈfha m<jk ,smsuÕska tu mdvïj,g iïnkaO fldgialmd tl;= lr .kak .lKavdhfï ish¨ fokd úiska imhd.;a

úia;r tla tla ud;Dldj hgf;a fjk

fjk u msgqj,g we;=<;a jk fia fmd;a

msxpla ilia lrkak.

fuys my; ±lafjk m%Yakj,g Tn lKavdhu imhk ms<s;=re tys § we;s Wmfoia wkqj wod< j.= iuÕ B<Õ

msgqj,g we;=<;a lrkak.

fmdf;a msg ljrfha iDcqfldaKdi% yevhla

iy jD;a;dldr yevhla w¢kak.

iDcqfldaKdi% yevh 1: 2:3 : wkqmd;hg

fnodf.k fldgia ;=kg j¾K ;=kla

fhdokak.

jD;a;dldr yevh 1: 3 wkqmd;hg

fnodf.k fjkia j¾K folla fhdokak.

m%Yakdj,sh

1& 0.5, 0.25, iy 7.5hk ixLHd

(i) 4ka (ii) 12ka (iii) 10ka (iv) 100ka

(v) 1000ka, .=K lrkak. ta i|ydmy; ±lafjk j.=j msgm;a lrf.kiïmQ¾K lrkak.

X 4 12 10 100 1000

0.5

0.25

7.5

(2) 0.4, 4.4 iy 1.21hk ixLHd

(i) 2ka (ii) 11ka (iii) 10ka (iv) 100ka

(v) 1000ka fnokak ms<s;=re igyka lsÍugby; wdldrfha j.=jla Ndú; lrkak.

(3)

N:P:K

2:3:5 50kg

,la fmdfydr

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rEmfha we;s fmdfydr nE.fha i|yka

lr we;af;a tu fmdfydr j¾.fha

khsg%cka (N), fmdiamria (P)iy

fmdgEishï (k)ixfhda. lr we;s

wkqmd;h hs.

(a) ta wkqj tys wvx.= khsg%cka fmdiamriayd fmdgEishï m%udK Nd. f,i ,shd

olajkak.

(b) nE.fha we;s fmdfydr ñY%Kfha nr

50kg kï tu nE.fha wvx.=.

(i) khsg%ckaj, nr

(ii) fmdiamriaj, nr

(iii) fmdgEishïj, nr .Kkh lrkak

(c) øjH folla fyda ;=kla l,jï lsÍfukaidod.; yels fjk;a ñY%KhlaiïnkaOlr by; wdldrfha fjk;a.eg¨jla ks¾udKh lrkak.

(d) by; (a) fldgi i|yd ,enqKq Nd.hkayrh 100 jk Nd.j,g mßj¾;khlrkak .

(e) ta wkqj ñY%Kfha we;s tla tla uQ, øjHj, m%;sY; w.hka .Kkh

lrkak.

7. ,l=Kq §fï l%uh :

ks¾Kdhl : m%udKj;a f;dr;=re imhdf.k wod<mßÈ f.dkq lrhs.

tÈfkod lghq;=j, § oYu, wkqmd;iy m%;sY; Ndú; jk nj ms<s.kshs.

oYu, wkqmd; iy m%;sY; wdYs%;.eg¨ ksjerÈj úi|hs.

wdl¾YKSh ks¾udKhla i|yd odhlfjhs.

Wiia ;;ajfha ksuejqula i|ydlemùfuka lghq;= lrhs.

,l=Kq mrdih : b;dfyd|hs 04

fyd|hs 03

uOHia:hs 02


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WmlrKh - 5

1 . we.hSï wjia:dj : fojk jdrh

2. wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 21.3, 27.1

3 . WmlrKhg wod< úIh ixkaOdrh : iudka;r f¾Ld

jD;a;h

ljlgqj u.ska fudaia;r

4 . WmlrKfha iajNdjh : ì;a;s mqj;am;a

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKq : iudka;r f¾Ld, jD;a; iy jD;a;fldgia wei qßk a fud ai a;rhlaks¾udKh lrhs.

wjia:djg WÑ; mßÈ fudaia;rfhdod .kshs.

úúO ia:dkj, we;s fudaia;r ms<sn|j wjOdkh fhduq lrhs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia:.=rejrhdg iudka;r f¾Ld mdvu wdrïNfha fuu


iqÿiq mßÈ isiqka lKavdhïj,g fjkalrkak .

iudka;r ir, f¾Ld" jD;a; iy jD;a;fldgia ^ljlgqj Ndú;fhka&Ndú;fhka" § we;s wjia:djla i|yd.e,fmk fudaia;r ks¾udKh lsÍugWmfoia fokak.

iEu iudðlfhl= úiska u tlaks¾udKhlaj;a l< hq;= nj mjikak.

15 jk mdvu wjikalr i;shla we;=<;WmlrKh ilid ksu l< hq;= nj±kqj;a lrkak.

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isiqkag : iudka;r f¾Ld, jD;a; yd jD;a;

fldgia Ndú; lrñka my; i|yka

wjia:djla i|yd iqÿiq fudaia;rhla

ks¾udKh lrkak. wjYH wjia:dj,

ljlgqj Ndú; lrkak.

idrs fndavrhla

we| we;sß,a,la

jäïnq ,E,a,la

mQckSh ia:dkhl f.ìu fyda

isú,ssu

fiai;la

lKavdhfï iEu idudðlfhl= úiska

u wju jYfhka tla ks¾udKhhlaj;a

bÈßm;a l< hq;= nj i,lkak.

ishü idudðlhkaf.a ks¾udK tl;=

fldg ì;a;s mqj;am;la ilia lrkak.

Tn lKavdhfï ksuejqu kshñ; Èkj,

§ wjika lrkak.


ks¾Kdhl : iudka;r f¾Ld, jD;a; yd jD;a;fldgia ±lsh yels fud ai a;ry÷kd.kshs.

fudaia;rhla wjia:dkql+,j ks¾udKhl< hq;= nj ms<s.kshs.

iqÿiq mßÈ fudaia;r ks¾udKh lrhs.

kj ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrhs'

w,xldr ì;a;s mqj;am;la ilialrhs.


fyd|hs 03

uOHia:hs 02


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WmlrKh - 6

1. we.hSï wjia:dj : fojk jdrh

2. wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 7.1, 7.2, yd 8.1

3 . WmlrKhg wod, úIh ikaOdrh : È. ñkqï

tl;= lsÍu; wvq lsÍu

.=K lsÍu; fn§u

mßñ;sh i|yd iQ;%

iup;=ri%h; iDcqfldaKdi%h

j¾.M,h ksudkh

ixhqla; ;, rEmj, j¾.M,hîup;=ri%h yd iDcqfldaKdi%h&

4 . WmlrKfha iajNdjh : f;dard.;a ;, rEmj, mßñ;sh ydj¾.M,h weiqßka jd¾;djla ilialsÍu.

5 . WmlrK wruqKq : È. wdY%s; ñkqï uQ,sl .Ks; l¾uhgf;a yiqrejhs.

iQ; %Ndú;fhka iup;=ri%dldr"iDcqfldaKi%dldr ;, rEmhl mßñ;shfidhhs.

iup;=ri%hl, iDcqfld aKdi%hlmßñ;sh ÿka úg" úh yels È. yd m<,,shd olajhs.

iup;=ri%hl, iDcqfld aKdi%hlj¾.M,h ksudkh lrhs.iup;=ri%hl, iDcqfldaKdi%hl ydixhqla; rEmhl j¾.M,h fidhhs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia.=rejrhdg : 13 mdvu wdrïNhg fmr fuu


isiqka lKavdhï y;rlg fnokak.

fuys wod< ld¾hhka isiqka ;ks ;ksjl< hq;= nj okajkak.

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tla tla isiqjdf.a lafIa;% fmd;a igykawkqj j.=j iïmQ¾K lr" mdif,a §jd¾;djla ilia lsÍug Wmfoiafokak .

14 mdvu wjika lr i;shlg miq fuujd¾;dj ndr Èh hq;= njg Wmfoiafokak .

isiqkag : ksjfia § fyda mdif,a § Tng yuqjkiup;=ri% yev;,hla yd iDcqfldaKi%yev;, folla f;dard.kak.f;dard.;a yev;,j, È. iy m<, cm/ mm mßudKfhka uek ,efnkw.hhka Tfí lafIa;% fmdf;a o<igyka we| igyka lrkak.

lKavdhfï ish¨ fokdf.a u lafIa;%fmd;aj, igyka lr.;a w.hhka my;±lafjk mßÈ ilia l< j.=jl we;=<;alr j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak. wjYHmßÈ j.=j §¾> lr .kak.

wkq wxlh rEmfha ku È. m<, mßñ;sh È. yd m<, È. yd m<,

fo.=Khla jQ nd.hla jQ

úg mßñ;sh úg mßñ;sh

f;dard .;a tu ;, rEmj, j¾.M,hksudkh lr ,shkak.

1 jk rEmh --------------

2 jk rEmh -------------- wd§ f,i

tu rEmj, È. yd m<, wdikakfikaáógrhg f.k j¾.M,hfidhkak.

1 jk rEmh --------------

2 jk rEmh -------------- wd§ f,i

ksudks; w.fha;a Tng ,enqKq w.fha;afjki olajkak.

lafIa;%fmdf;a igyka lr.;a o<igyka w;ßka folla tla lr ixhqla;rEmhla ilia lr" tys o< igyklawe|" ñkqï olajd tys j¾.M,hfidhkak.

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iDcqfldaKdi%dldr ìï lene,a,lmßñ;sh 30m 50cm kï tys È." m<,úh yels w.h hq., lsysmhla fhdackdlrkak .

7. ,l=Kq §fï l%uh :

ks¾Kdhl lafIA;% fmdf;a igyka lr .;af;dr;=re wkqj j.=j ksjerÈjiïmQ¾K lrhs.

mßñ;sh tlu jqj o úúO È. yd m<,skahq;a iDcqfldaKdi% we;s nj ms<s.kshs.

iDcqfldaKdi%hl È., m<, uek tysmßñ;sh yd j¾.M,h .Kkh lrhs.

kshu lrk ,o ksYaÑ; ld,hl §ld¾hh wjika lrhs.

lKavdhfï wjika jd¾;dj meyeÈ,sjl%uj;aj ilia lr bÈßm;a lrhs.


fyd|hs 03

uOHia:hs 02


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WmlrKh - 7

1. we.hSï wjia:dj : f;jk jdrh

2. wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 17.1, 19.1, 18.1

3 . WmlrKhg wod, úIh ikaOdrh : iólrK f.dvke.Su

ax ± b = c wdldrh (a,b,c z+ )

iólrK úi£u

.e,Sï igyka uÕska

ùÔh l%u uÕska

ir, iQ;% f.dv ke.Su

wiudk;d úi¢u

ax b wdldrh

x ± a b

ixLHd f¾Ldj u; ksrEmKh

ax ≥ b, x ± a b wdldrfha úi\qï ksÅ, jk

4 . WmlrKfha iajNdjh : m%Yak yd ms<s;=re f.dkqj

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKQ : ,eî we;s o;a; wkqj iólrK f.dvkÕhs .

.e,Sï igyka Ndú;fhka iólrKúi|hs.

ùÔh l%u uÕska iólrK úi|hs.

x ± a b, ax b wdldrfha wiudk;d,shd úi|hs.by; wdldrfha wiudk;dj, úi÷ïixLHd f¾Ldjla u; ksrEmKh lrhs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia:.=rejrhdg : ls%hdldrlu 17.1 wdrïNhg fmr fuu

WmlrKh mka;shg y÷kajd fokak .

fuh ;ks ;ksj l< hq;= njgWmfoia fokak.

weuqKqfuys i|yka ldâm;a iys;Wmfoia m;s%ld msgm;a wjYHm%udKhg ilia lr.kak.

17.1 wdrïNfha § Wmfoia m;s%ldisiqkag fnod fokak.

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ls %hdldrlu 18.1 wjidk ùfukai;shlg miq ksuejqu Ndr Èh hq;= njg±kqj;a lrkak.isiq ksuejqï" § we;s ks¾Kdhl wkqj;lafiare lrkak.

isiqkag : Tng ,enqKq ldâm;a iys; Wmfoiam;s%ldj fyd¢ka wOHhkh lr wod<ld¾hfhys fhfokak.ksuejqu" kshñ; ld,h ;=< f.dkqjlaf,i ks¾udKYS,Sj ,shd bÈßm;alrkak .


ks¾Kdhl : ir, iólrK yd wiudk;df.dvkÕhs .

ir, iólrK i|yd úi÷ï tlla owiudk;djhka i|yd úi÷ï lsysmhlao we;snj ms<s.kshs.

ir, iólrK yd wiudk;d ksjerÈjúi|hs.

úi÷ï ±laùu i|yd rEmsl ksrEmKhfhdod .kshs.

ksuejqu ks¾udKYS,Sj bÈßm;a lrhs.


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weuqKQu

2x 30 4a 2

5 1 3x 12

4p 6 30 3a

2p 5p 3y 12

10 6m 20 x

15

+, -, <, >, =

ldâmf;ys i|yka ùÔh mo, ksh; mo ixLHd& iy .KS; l¾u fhdod .ksñka ir,

iólrK yels;dla ,shkak .

bka iólrK 10 la .e,Sï igyka Wmfhda.s lr.ksñka úi|kak.

ùÔh l%u Ndú; lrñka" ,shk ,o iólrK úi|kak.

úi÷ï mQ¾K ixLHduh jk iólrK;a mQ¾K ixLHduh fkdjk iólrK;a fjka

fjkaj ,shkak.

ldâmf;ys i|yka mo fhdod .ksñka wiudk;d 10 la ,shkak.

10 g wvq mQ¾K ixLHduh úi÷ï ,efnk wiudk;d f;dardf.k tu úi÷ï ixLHd

f¾Ld u; ksrEmKh lrkak .

ir, iólrKj, úi÷ï yd wiudk;dj, úiªï ms<sn| j Tfí woyia olajkak.

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WmlrKh - 8

1 . we.hSï wjia:dj : f;jk jdrh

2. wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 13.1, 27.2

3 . WmlrKhg wod< úIh ikaOdrh : mßudK rEm

ks¾udK

4. WmlrKfha iajNdjh : .fõIKd;aul wOHhkhla

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKQ : f.dvke.s,a,l ìï ie,eiau i|yd o<igykla w¢hs.

mßudK rEm we£u i|yd iqÿiq mßudKfhdackd lrhs.

iqÿiq mßudK Ndú; lrñka mßudKrEm w¢hs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoia :.=rejrhdg ls%hdldrlu 13.1 wfrïNfha § fuu

WmlrKh mka;shg y\qkajd fokak.iqÿiq mßÈ isiqka lKavdhïj,g fjkalrkak.;u mka; s ldurh ;sfnkf.dvke.s,af,a ie,eiafï o< igykwe£ug isiqka fhduq lrkak .WÑ; ld,iSudjla ; =< tuf.dvke.s,af,a È. iy m<, uek.ekSug isiqkag mjrkak.iqÿi q mßudKhla wkqj tuf.dvke.s,af,a ìï ie,eiafï mßudKrEmhla we£ug Wmfoia fokak.fi,a,ï ñÿ,la" l S %vdm sáhla"u,amd;a;shla jeks iDcqfldaKdi% yeve;sìï fldgila isiqkag fmkajd tuia:dkfha mßudK rEmhla we¢ugmjrkak.tÈfkod Ôú;fha mßudK rEm Ndú;lrk wjia:d ms<sn|j f;dr;=re /ialsÍug isiqkag mjrkak.ksuejqu NdrÈh hq;= Èkh ms<sn|j isiqka±kqj;a lrkak.isiqka f.a ksuejqu § we;s ks¾Kdhlwkqj ;lafiare lrkak.

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isiqkag : Tfí mka; s ldurh ;sfnkf.dvke.s,af,a ìï ie,eiafï o<igykla w¢kak..=rejrhd úiska ±kqï fok fõ,djla;=< tu f.dvke.s,af,a È. yd m<,uek.kak.

f.dvke.s,af,a fjkalr we;s ia:dkj,^mka;sldur, fldßfvda ñkqï fjkfjk u ,nd .; hq;= nj i,lkak

iqÿi q mßudKhla f;d ardf.kf.dvke.s,af,a ìï ie,eiau i|ydmßudK rEmhla w¢kak.

by; i|yka ls%hd ms<sfj< wkq.ukhlrñka .=re;=ud $ ;=ñh úiska kshulrk ,o wfkla ia:dkfha o mßudKrEmhla w¢kak.

tÈfkod Ôú;fha mßudK rEm Ndú;lrk wjia:d ms<sn| f;dr;=re /ialrkak .

Tfí ksuejqu wod< ld, isudj ;=,§.=rejrhdg Ndr fokak.


ks¾Kdhl : mßudK rEmhla we£ug isÿjk wjia:dkï lrhs.

tÈfkod Ôú;fha úúO lghq;= j,§mßudK rEm we£ug isÿjk njms<s.kshs.

iqÿiq mßudKhla f;dard mßudK rEmw¢hs.

ffoksl lghq;=j,§ ksjerÈ ñkqï ,nd.kshs.

Wiia ;;ajfha ksuejqula i|ydlemùfuka lghq;= lrhs .


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WmlrKh - 9

1 . we.hSï wjia:dj : f;jk jdrh

2. wdjrKh flfrk ksmqK;d uÜgï : 23.1, 23.2, 22.1 , 22.2, 26.1

3 . WmlrKhg wod, úIh ikaOdrh : ;s%fldaK j¾.

mdo wkqj

fldaK wkqj

nyq wi%

W;a;, $ wj;, $ iúê

Y=oaO fgi,dlrKh

4 . WmlrKfha iajNdjh : m%o¾Yk

5 . WmlrKfha wruqKQ : úúO yev;, Ndú;fhka fgi,dlrK

ks¾udKh lrhs.

úúO >kjia;= tla lsÍfuka w,xldr

WmlrK ilia lrhs.

ks¾udKlrKh ;=<ska kj ksmehqï

i|yd fm<fUhs.

6 . WmlrKh ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd Wmfoi :

.=rejrhdg ir, f¾Çh ;, rEm mdvu wdrïNfha

§ fuu WmlrKh mka;shg y÷kajd

fokak .

iqÿiq mßÈ isiqka lKavdhïj,g

fnokak .

fuu WmlrKhg wod< ld¾hh isiqka

úiska ;ks ;ksj l< hq;= nj okajkak.

bj; ouk øjH j,ska wjYH foa imhd

.ekSug Wmfoia fokak.

fgi,dlrKh mdvu wjidkfha kshu

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lrkq ,nk Èklg fmr fuu

WmlrKh ksu l< hq;= nj mjikak.

fgi,dlrKh yd >k jia;= wdYs%;

úúO wdlD;s weiqßka m%o¾Ykhla i|yd

isiqka iqodkï lrjkak.

m%o¾Ykh i|yd Èkhla" ia:dkhla

mjikak .

isiqkag : ì;a;s ieris,a,lg iqÿiq jk fia

fgi,dlrKh Ndú;fhka w,xldr

ks¾udKhla lrkak.

Tn fuf;la W.;a >k jia; =

Ndú;fhka ,dïmq wdjrKhla, myka

l+vqjlaa, ksji w,xlrKh i|yd

WmlrKhla ilia lrkak.

Tn ilia lrk WmlrK i|yd wjYH

wuqøjH bj;,k øjH j,ska imhd

.ekSug W;aidy .kak.

by; ilia lrk ,o WmlrK m%o¾Yk

;;ajfha ;sìh hq;= nj i,lkak.

.=rejrhd úiska kshu lrk ,o Èkg

fmr m%o¾Ykhg iEÿ WmlrK Ndr

fokak .


ks¾Kdhl : jdr wjidk m%o¾Ykhla i|yd iqÿiq

NdKav ks¾udKhg wjYH úIh lreKq

y÷kd.kshs.

id¾:l m%o¾Ykhla meje;aùu i|yd

fm<fò .

ir, f¾Çh ;,rEm iy >k jia;=

ms<sn| lreKq Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka

ks¾udKlrKfha fhfohs.

ld¾hlaIu j lghq;= lrhs.

wdrïN lrk ,o lghq;a;la

id¾:lj ksulrhs.

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