Lab Keyder

8/18/2019 Lab Keyder

1/26

FUERZA IÓNICA Y COEFICIENTE DE ACTIVIDAD DE ELECTROLITOS

KEYDER ANDRÉS SUAREZ RAMOS

MILTON SAEL APARICIO VILLANUEVA

MARÍA CAMILA TAMAYO SALAZAR

MARÍA CAMILA LÓPEZ DELGADOMÓNICA MARÍA GALEANO MARTÍNEZ

DAIRO PÉREZ SOTELOINGENIERO QUÍMICO

UNIVERSIDAD DE CORDOBAFACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BÁSICAS

DEPARTAMENTO DE QUÍMICA

QUÍMICA

2016


2/26

INTRODUCCIÓN

P D!"#! # E $%&'!( )1*2+,- ./"/3 !3 !( 4/"(!5 ! (7 83.!/&&83!7 8938&7- 7"/!( "7! ! :;! (7 83!7 !3 7(;&893 7! !3&;!3./3 /!7 ! ;3 !!/ 8938&,- :;! (858. 7; 5?858!3. )!7 5@7 4/""(!- 4/

!!54(- :;! ;3 893 478.8?- &378!/ &!3./( ! /!>!/!3&8- 7! !3&;!3./! /!4/ 83!7 3!=.8?7- :;! 4/ 83!7 ! 7; 5875 78=3, E( 5?858!3. 7! ?! (858. !37 74!&.7 ( .597>!/ 8938& !7 !>/5 &;3 !( 893 &!3./( 7! 5;!?!- !53!/ :;! 7; &!3./ 7! !3&;!3./ !./@7 !( 893- # !( 5?858!3. ! 7.! !7 /!./4/ ( .597>!/ )!>!&. ! /!(&893, .5"83- !7. (.85- ( .!3!/ &/= 4;!7. (!( 83 &!3./(- .!3!/@ 5?!/7! !3 7!3.8 &3.//8 ( !( 83- !"8 ( &54!(&./8&- ;/3.! ( 58=/&893 )!>!&. !(!&./>/.8&, L7 ./&&83!7 83.!/8938&7 # !(!>!&. !( 7(?!3.! 73- !3 !7!3&8- ( &;7 ! ( !7?8&893 :;! 7;>/!3 (7 !(!&./(8.7!( &54/.58!3. 8!(

E7 854/.3.!- 4/ ./ 4/.!- &!/ /!>!/!3&8 ( &3.8 &3&8 &5 >;!/ 8938&-

I- :;! !7 ;3 5!8 !&; !( !>!&. ! (7 83.!/&&83!7- 83 83 ! 83 7(?!3.!-!3 ;3 7(;&893 !(!&./(H.8& L >;!/ 8938& 7! !>83! &5 ;3 5!8 ! ( 7;5./8 !

( &3&!3./&893 5(/ ) 5((, ! & .84 ! 893 ) c i ,- 5;(.84(8& 4/ !( &;/

! ( ?(!3&8 ) z i , [email protected]&5!3.! 7! !


3/26

OBJETIVOS

OBJETIVO GENERAL

D!.!/583/ !( &!>8&8!3.! ! &.8?8 ! (7 8>!/!3.!7 7(;&83!7 ! &!.. !4(. 4/!4/7 ;73 ( .!/H ! D!"#! $%&'!( &3 ( (!# (858.3.! # (!


4/26

MARCO TEÓRICO

U3 !(!&./(8. !7 ;3 7;7.3&8 :;! 4/;&! 83!7 !3 87(;&893 D!"8 (7 >;!/.!783.!/&&83!7 ! (/= (&3&! !8&8!3.!7! &.8?8 8>8!/!3 "7.3.! ! ( ;38 83&(;7 !3 87(;&83!7 8(;87 E7.7 >;!/7

83.!/8938&7 4/;&!3 ;3 /!358!3. ! (7 83!7 !3 ( 87(;&893 ! >/5 :;!(/!!/ ! ;3 83 478.8? "/@ 5@7 83!7 3!=.8?7 # ?8&!?!/7 E7. 87./8";&893 35=3! ! &/=7 4/;&! ( 4/8&893 ! ;3 4.!3&8( !(&./8& 4;!7 ( &/= 3!.!3 &;(:;8!/ 4;3. ! ( 87(;&893 3 7!/@ 3;( E7. 4/;&! ;3 !7."8(8&893 ! (87(;&893 !"8 :;! (7 83!7 7! /!3 ! ./7 ! &/= 4;!7.- ( :;! &! :;!.!3=3 5!37 .!3!3&8 !7&4/ ! ( 87(;&893 # ( &.8?8 7!/@ 83>!/8/ (&3&!3./&893 U3 5!8 ! ( 83.!378 !( &54 !(&./8& &/! 4/ (7 83!7!8&&893 7! &3&! &5 !&;&893 !


5/26

log f i=−0.51Z i

2√ I 1+√ I

+0.2 I

RESUMEN EJECUTIVO

L >;!/ 8938& # &!>8&8!3.! ! &.8?8 ! !(!&./(8.7 3! ( .!/H ! D!"#! $%&'!( 7!/@ ;3 ! (7 !(!5!3.7 "@78&7 ! ( >878&:;H58& ! (7 7(;&83!7!(!&./(H.8&7 3! 7! !.!/583 !( ?(/ ! >;!/ 8938& !3 8>!/!3.!7 7(;&83!7 7H&5 !( &!>8&8!3.! ! &.8?8 4/ 5!8 ! (7 8>!/!3.!7 &3&!3./&83!7 ! &!..! 4(.- (=/3 7H ?!/8>8&/ !7. .!/H # :;! 4/""(!5!3.! !7 ( ! 5@7 54(8 ;7!3 !( ./.58!3. ! 87(;&83!7 ! !74!&8!7 &/=7


6/26

I!ÓTESIS

U3 .84 ! >;!/ 8938& >;35!3.( 4/ &54/!3!/ ( !&;&893 ! D!"#!$%&'!( 73(7 83.!/&&83!7 !(!&./[email protected]&7 !3./! (7 83!7- !5@7 ! .!3!/ ;3 !>!&. 854/.3.! !3(7 &3;&.8?8!7 ! (7 7(;&83!7 ! !(!&./(8.7 >;!/.!7- 83>(;#!3 !3 (7 4/48!!7.!/583@58&7 ! (7 83!7- &5 4/ !!54( !( &!>8&8!3.! ! &.8?8

E( ./.58!3. ! D!"#! $%&'!( 7;43! :;! ( 87(;&893 !(!&./(H.8& !7 5;# 8(;8E7. /!7./8&&893 4!/58.! &!/ ?/87 7854(8>8&&83!7 [email protected]&7 # 4/H78&7 A 8(;&893 (.- ( !7?8&893 4/83&84( &3 /!74!&. ( &54/.58!3. ! (87(;&893 8(;8 8!( 7! !"! ./&&83!7 # /!4;(783!7 ! (/= (&3&! !3./! (783!7 D!"#! $%&'!( 7;4;78!/3 :;! .7 (7 !7?8&83!7 &3 /!74!&. (&54/.58!3. ! ( 87(;&893 8(;8 8!( 7! !"!3 >;!/7 8938&7


7/26

E"UI!O # MATERIALES

• B(3 3(H.8&• T!/595!./• B;/!. ! 0 5L• P84!.7 ! # 10 5L• E74@.;(• B(3!7 >/ ! 2 5L• C/35!./• A=8./ ! ?8/8• F/7& (?/ • V8/8 ! /!(•

E/(!35!#!/7 ! 100 5L• E7.;>• A=8./ !(!&./938&• V8/8 ! /!(• G.!/• S4/.! ;38?!/7(

REACTIVOS

• A=; !7.8(• S(;&893 KSCN 01N• Á&8 3H./8& )$NO+ , 6M• I38&/ )A(;5"/! >//8& 01M,• A&!.. ! 4(.• N8./. ! 78 )NNO+,


8/26

P / ! 4 / 5 7

N 1 0 0 5 L 6 ! 7 ( ; & 8 3 ! 7 6 ! 3 8 . / . 6 ! 7 6 8 0 0 K M - 0 1 M - 0 2 M # 0 K M

P ! 7 5 7

N K ? ! & ! 7 2 = 6 ! & ! . . 6 ! 4 ( .

A 6 8 & 8 3 5 7 N C 6 & 3 . 8 6 6 4 ! 7 6 K ! / ( ! 3 5 ! # ! / 6 ! 1 0 0 5 ( ( 8 5 4 8 7 # 7 ! & 7 # 7 !

( ( ! 3 / 3 ! 7 . 7 E 7 . ( . ! / & ! / 4 / . ! & 3 & 6 ; 3 6 ! ( 7 7 ( ; & 8 3 ! 7 4 / ! 4 / 6 7 6 ! 3 8 . / . 6 ! S 6 8 # ; 3 & 3 = ; 6 ! 7 . 8 ( 6

DIAGRAMA DE $LUJO


9/26

C ( ! 3 . 5 7

L 7 ! / ( ! 3 5 ! # ! / ! 3 ; 3 " J ! 5 / 8 E 7 . 0 G 6 0 C

A = 8 . 5 7

L 7 7 ( ; & 8 3 ! 7 ? 8 = / 7 5 ! 3 . ! 4 / 2 5 8 3 ; . 7

U " 8 & 5 7 L 7 ! / ( ! 3 5 ! # ! / ! 3 ! ( = 8 . / . ! 5 4 ! / . ; / 5 " 8 ! 3 . ! # ( 7 ! 5 7

( ( H 4 / P 5 8 3

R ! . 8 / 5 7

L 7 ! / ( ! 3 5 ! # ! / ! ( = 8 . / # ! 5 7 ! 3 / ! 4 7 4 / 1 0 5 8 3

T / 3 7 > ! / 8 5 7 U 3 5 ; ! 7 . / ! 1 0 5 L ! & 7 ( ; & 8 9 3 ; 3 5 . / F # 8 & 8 3 5 7 1

5 L ! = ; - 5 L ! $ N O + 6 M # = . 7 ! ( 8 3 8 & /

T 8 . ; ( 5 7

C 7 ( ; & 8 3 & 3 K S C N 0 1 N

MONTAJE


10/26

Mezcla + sln de NaNO3 y agua +++++Acetato +++

Agitamos por 45 min


11/26

$" ml de muestra + 5 ml sln de %NO3 + $5 ml agua& y gotas de indicador

Muestra

'itulamos


12/26

CALCULOS # RESULTADOS

A=SCN A= SCN

L7 .7 ".!387 !3 ( .8.;(&893 ! ( 7(;&893 )2 5(, &3 KSCN 01 N- 7! 5;!7./3 &3.83;&893

1 A=; !7.8(2 N8./. ! 78 00M+ N8./. ! 78 01M N8./. ! 78 02M N8./. ! 78 0M

T%b&% '

M(est)%s Vo&* +e ,SCN -L. Vo&* So&(ci/0 -L.

1 001* 00

2 00206 006

+ 00210 0060

002+1 001

002+ 00

N1 3/5(8 ! ( 7(;&893 ! KSCN )01,V ?(;5!3 ! KSCN =7.7 !3 ( .8.;(&893

ηAg 35!/ ! 5(!7 ! 4(.


13/26

M(est)% '

N = Eq−g

V ( L)

E: = KSCN N V

E: = KSCN )01,)001*,

E:= ! KSCN E: = ! A= 0001*

E: = KSCN 0001*

ηAg= Eq – g de Ag

ηAg=0.00195mol

M(est)% 2

N = Eq−gV ( L)

E: = KSCN N V

E: = KSCN )01,)00206,

E:= ! KSCN E: = ! A= 000206

E: = KSCN 000206ηAg= Eq – g de Ag

ηAg=0.00206mol

M(est)% 3

N = Eq−gV ( L)

E: = KSCN N V

E: = KSCN )01,)00210,

E:= ! KSCN E: = ! A= 000210

E: = KSCN 000210


14/26


ηAg=0.00210mol

M(est)% 4

N = Eq−gV ( L)

E: = KSCN N V

E: = KSCN )01,)002+1,

E:= ! KSCN E: = ! A= 0002+1E: = KSCN 0002+1


ηAg=0.00231mol

M(est)% 5

N = Eq−g

V ( L)

E: = KSCN N V

E: = KSCN )01,)002+,

E:= ! KSCN E: = ! A= 0002+

E: = KSCN 0002+


ηAg=0.00235mol

L7 .7 ! ( &3.8 ! 83!7 A= :;! # !3 & 5;!7./

T%b&% 2

M(est)%s Mo& A67 Vo&* So&(ci/0 -L. 8A679 1 f(e):% i/0ic%


15/26

1 0001* 00 00+

2 000206 006 001

+ 000210 0060 006

0002+1 001 000

0002+ 00 00

S! 4;!! 3./ :;! &;3 !;!/ 8938& ! !7. ;5!3.- 4/4/&83(5!3.! !7. 4!57 !&8/ :;! 78 7! !7.@ &;54(8!3 ( (!# D!"#!$%&'!( 7"/! (7 83.!/&&83!7 !(!&./[email protected]&7 !(7 83!7 !3 7(;&893

P/ ./ ( &3 !7.! 3@(8787 4!57 !&8/ :;! (7 &!>8&8!3.!7 ! &.8?8 ! (7(;&893 .5"83 ;5!3./3 4/4/&83(5!3.! ( &3&!3./&893

C(&;(57 ( >;!/ 8938& ! & 7(;&893 4/.8/ ! (7 &3&!3./&83!7 !3 5(!7 4/ (8./ ! 7(;&893 L &3&!3./&893 ! 83!7 A= !7 8=;( ( >;!/ 8938& !"8 :;! 7!./. ! ;3 &54;!7. 11 (;!= Z2 1

+¿ Ag

¿

¿¿

I =1

2 ∑ C i Z i

2

I =1

2(C 1Z 1

2+C 2Z 22) P!/ Z 1

2

1 Z 22

L;!= I =1

2(C 1+C 2) # C 1 C2 C

E3.3&!7 I =1

2(2C ) L;!= I =C

+¿ Ag

¿

¿¿

+¿ Ag

¿

¿¿


16/26

+¿ Ag

¿

¿¿

+¿ Ag¿¿¿¿

I 1=0.0438

+¿ Ag

¿

¿¿¿

I 2=0.0451

+¿ Ag¿¿¿¿

I 3=0.0456

+¿ Ag

¿

¿¿¿

I 4=0.0480

+¿ Ag¿¿¿¿

I 5=0.0484

C(&;( ! (7 =/57 ! (7 !74!&8!7 83?(;&/7

S! 4/!4/9 ;3 7(;&893 5/! ! 20 5L ! NNO+ 0 M # (;!= &8!3 (78(;&83!7 &//!7438!3.!7 7! ((!=/3 (7 &3&!3./&83!7 ! 00 M- 010 M # 0-20 M

M 0- 5(L

PM -** =5(

V 20 5L 0-2 L

M = η

V ( L); η=

g NaNO3

PM


17/26

M = g NaNO3

PM ∗V ( L)despea!dog NaNO3= M ∗ PM ∗V ( L)

gNaNO3=(0.5 g

L)∗(84.99

g

mol)∗(0.250 L)

gNaNO3=10,62g

$&8!3 &//!&&893 ! 4;/!

10,62g NaNO3 " 100

99,5=10,67 g de NaNO3

P/ ( ;(est)% ' 3 # 4/!7!3&8 ! NNO+ # :;! !7 7( !7 ( 7(;&893 ! &!.. !

4(. 87;!(. !3 =; !7.8(MUESTRA 2

C1 0- MV1 C2 0-0 MV2 100 5L

C (1)V (1)=C (2)V (2)

V (1)=C (2 )V (2 )C ( 1)

V (1)=(0,05 M )(100mL)

(0,5 M )

V (1)=10mL

S! .53 10 5L ! ( 7(;&893 ! 0- M # 7! =/!=3 ;3 "(93 >/ ! 5L # ;!=

7! &54(!. &3 =; !7.8( 7. !( >/

C(&;( (7 =/57 4/!7!3.!7 ! NNO+ !3 ( 7(;&893

gNaNO3= M ∗ PM ∗V ( L)


18/26

gNaNO3=(0.05 g

L)∗(84.99

g

mol)∗(0.100 L)

gNaNO3=0,425 g

MUESTRA 3

C1 0- MV1 C2 0-10 MV2 100 5L

C (1)V (1)=C (2)V (2)

V (1)=C (2 ) V (2 )

C (1)

V (1)=(0,10 M )(100mL)

(0,5 M )

V (1)=20mL

S! .53 20 5L ! ( 7(;&893 ! 0- M # 7! =/!=3 ;3 "(93 >/ ! 5L # ;!=7! &54(!. &3 =; !7.8( 7. !( >/

C(&;( (7 =/57 4/!7!3.!7 ! NNO+ !3 ( 7(;&893


gNaNO3=(0.10 g

L)∗(84.99

g

mol)∗(0.100 L)

gNaNO3=0,850 g

MUESTRA 4


19/26

C1 0- MV1 C2 0-20 MV2 100 5L

C (1)V (1)=C (2)V (2)

V (1)=C (2 ) V (2 )

C (1)

V (1)=(0,20 M )(100mL)

(0,5 M )

V (1)=40mL

S! .53 0 5L ! ( 7(;&893 ! 0- M # 7! =/!=3 ;3 "(93 >/ ! 5L # ;!=7! &54(!. &3 =; !7.8( 7. !( >/

C(&;( (7 =/57 4/!7!3.!7 ! NNO+ !3 ( 7(;&893


gNaNO3=(0.20 g

L)∗(84.99

g

mol)∗(0.100 L)

gNaNO3=1,700g

M(est)% 5

S! .5 ! ( 7(;&893 5/! !( ?(;5!3 ! 100 5L # :;! ( &3&!3./&893 !7 (

!7! 0- M

C(&;( (7 =/57 4/!7!3.!7 ! NNO+ !3 ( 7(;&893 ;3 ?! 7! .5 (7 100 5L


gNaNO3=(0.5 g

L)∗(84.99

g

mol)∗(0.100 L)


20/26

gNaNO3=4,250 g

C%&c(&o < 6)%fic% +e logC #s AI

1

2

1+BI

1

2A 1 =*5=> < B 1 '*25

T%b&% 3

M(est)%s8 A679 1 f(e):%

i/0ic%Lo6 8 9

AI 1

2

1+BI 1

2

1 00+ 1+ 00

2 001 1+6 00

+ 006 1+1 00 000 1+1* 00

00 1+1 00

C3 (7 .7 ! ( t%b&% 3 4/&!!57 =/>8&/ logC #s AI

1

2

1+BI 1

2

G)?fico '


21/26

( # 4 4 " "

" " " " " "

" " " "

" 3 ) * 2

( # 5 (

" " " "

" " " "

" " " "

" $ ) * 2

( # + (

" " " "

" " " "

" " " "

" 3 ) * 2

*$#3+

*$#3,

*$#35

*$#34

*$#33

*$#32

*$#3$

*$#3

*$#2-

./01 "#"$0 * $#3+

"#-(

G)?fico@ Lo6 8 9 vs AI'2'7BI'2

Lo6 8 9

C5 7! 4;!! "7!/?/ !3 !( 3.!/8/ 6)?fico '- !7 7!5!3.! ;3 (H3! /!&.- # 7!5;!7./ .5"83 ( !&;&893 !( =/>8& &;# 83.!/&!4. 7! ;"8& &3&!3./&893 &!/)C 0, !3 1-+6*1 ( &;( &//!743! !3 ( !&;&893 ! D!"#! $%&'!( ( L= K!3.3&!7

L=10 K 1-+6*1 4(8&3 3.8(=/8.5 .!3!57 :;!

,1 0-02 !( &;( !7 !( 4/;&. ! &.8?8 ! ( 7(;&893

A/ &(&;(57 !( &!>8&8!3.! 5!8 ! &.8?8 WX !( A=A& 4/ & 7(;&893 &3(7 ?(/!7 ! (7 &!>8&8!3.!7 .!9/8&7 ! &.8?8 !.!/5837 4/.8/ ! ( .!/H !D!"#! $%&'!(- ;73 .3. ( (!# (858.3.! &5 ( !


22/26

T!38!3 (7 3.!/8/!7 .7 &(&;(57 !( &!>8&8!3.! 5!8 ! &.8?8 WX !( A=A&p%)% &% so&(ci/0 '@

ln γ $=−|12| 0.509√ 0,04381+1,25√ 0.0438

=−0,0844

γ $=0,9190

!%)% &% so&(ci/0 2@

ln γ $=−|12| 0.509√ 0,04511+1,25√ 0.0451

=−0,0854

γ $=0,9181

!%)% &% so&(ci/0 3@

ln γ $=−|12| 0.509√ 0,04561+1,25√ 0.0456

=−0,0858

γ $=0,9177

!%)% &% so&(ci/0 4@

ln γ $=−|12

| 0.509

√ 0,0480

1+1,25√ 0.0480=−0,0875

γ $=0,9162

!%)% &% so&(ci/0 4@

ln γ $=−|12| 0.509√ 0,04841+1,25√ 0.0484

=−0,0878

γ $=0,9159

Y &54/3 &3 (7 ?(/!7 ! (7 &!>8&8!3.!7 .!9/8&7 ! &.8?8 !.!/5837 4/.8/ ! ( .!/H ! D!"#!$%&'!(- ;73 .3. ( (!# (858.3.!- .!3!57 :;!


23/26

log γ $=−|12|

−¿+¿Z ¿

Z ¿¿

A √ I −0,509√ 0.0438=−0,1065

γ $=0,7824

A7H &(&;(57 (7 !5@7 ?(/!7 4/ (7 ./7 7(;&83!7 ".!38!3 (7 78=;8!3.!7?(/!7 ! &!>8&8!3.!7 5!87 ! &.8?8

T%b&% 4

M(est)%s8 A679 1 f(e):%

i/0ic%γ $ γ $ &e< &i;it%0te

1 00+ 0*1*0 02

2 001 0*11 0*6+ 006 0*1 0

000 0*162 0+

00 0*1* 02

C5 7! 4;!! "7!/?/- !3 ( t%b&% 4- ( &!/ ( &54/&893 ! (7 &!>8&8!3.!7 !&.8?8 5!87 !.!/5837 !8&8!3.!7 ! &.8?8 !!(!&./(8.7 !"!3 !7./ !.!/5837 4/ ( >;!/ 8938& ! ( 7(;&893 # !( .84 !?(!3&8

$((57 K& 4/ & ;3 ! (7 7(;&83!7

+¿−¿ Ac

¿

¿ Ag

¿¿¿

%c=¿

p%c=log %c

p%c=log (0,0438 )=−1,3585


24/26

R!(83 (7 58757 &@(&;(7 4/ (7 !5@7 .7 ".!3!57

T%b&% 5

M(est)% p,c I '7I

1 1-+ 0-1+0

2 1+ 0-11

+ 1+10 0-1*

1+1 0-1*

1+11 0-10+

C3 (7 .7 ! ( t%b&% 5 4/&! =/>8&/ 4K& ?7√ I

1+√ I

"#$+ "#$+ "#$+ "#$( "#$( "#$( "#$( "#$( "#$( "#$(

*$#3+

*$#3,

*$#35

*$#34

*$#33

*$#32

*$#3$

*$#3

*$#2-

./01 5#--0 * 2#4

$

Grafico: pKc vs /(1+ )√ √

G)%fico 2

A( =/>8&/ 4K& V7 I 1I 4!57 3./ :;! ".!3!57 ;3 =/@>8& 4/!&8 (6)?fic% '- !7. 7! !"! :;! 3 7! .8!3! !3 &;!3. !3 ( !&;&893 (7 ?(/!7 &37.3.!7! A # B- :;! ( :;! &!3 !7 &//!=8/ ;3 4& ( !&;&893 ! D!"#! $%&'!( # !7.7.8!3!3 ?(/!7 !74!&H>8&7 4/ & 7(?!3.! # 8>!/!3.!7 .!54!/.;/7


25/26

CONCLUSIÓN

D! ( 3.!/8/ 4/@&.8& 7! 4;!! &3&(;8/ :;! ( &/= ..( ! (7 83!7 478.8?7 !7 8=;( ( &/= ..( ! 83!7 !(!&./(8.7 >;!/.!7 :;! !;!/.!7 (5!37 !3 7(;&83!7 8(;87 7! ((3 ..(5!3.! 8387 # (7 !>!&.7 "7!/?7 7!!"!3 "?85!3.! ( 87./8";&893 !78=;( ! (7 83!7 &5 /!7;(. ! ;3 ./&&893

L &3&!3./&893 ! (7 83!7 7! 83./;&! 4/ 5!8 ! ;3 &3.8 &3&8 4/ >;!/

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BIBLIOGRA$A

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