Lan Wan Presentation

8/13/2019 Lan Wan Presentation

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Cell: 9423120583


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What Is

Networking?Networking Is All AboutInformation.


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1.A Local Area Network(LAN) is a

number of computers connected to

each other by a cable in a single

location, usually a single floor of a

building or all the computers in a smallcompany.

2.Wide Area Networks(WANs) Stated

simply, wide area networks are the setof connecting links between local area

networks.


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LAN (DELHI)

LAN (MUMBAI)

BANGLORE

WIDE AREA NETWORK

A Graphical Representation Of LAN & WAN


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1.LOCAL AREA NETWORKING


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Passive Components in LAN

Passive components are the components which are

actually electrically passive.These components are:

Cables (OFC,UTP) Information Outlets

Patch Panels/Jack Panels

Patch Cords

Connectors and Couplers

Light Interface Units (LIU)


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Selection Of the Appropriate Topology

Physical Topologies of the networks are Classified

according to various factors such as distance ,no.ofnodes etc.The different topologies are:

Bus Topology

Ring Topology

Star Topology

Mesh Topology


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Selection of appropriate cable media for

various situations

The selection of cable media depends on

various factors.The Major type of cable media

includes:

Twisted-pair cable: Unshielded twisted pair

(UTP) and shielded twisted pair (STP).

Coaxial cable: Thinnet and Thicknet

Fiber-optic cable

C bl T C M Di M f N d


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Cable Type Cost Max.Distance Max. no. of Nodes

UTP Very low Commonly

100 meters(330 feet)

1024

STP Fairly expensivemore than UTP

or Thinnet

Commonly 100meters

(330 feet)

270

Thinnet Relativelyinexpensive less

than STP or UTP

185 Meters(610 feet)

30 per segment

Thicknet Fairly expensivemore than

Thinnet, STP, orUTP; less than

fiber-optic

500 meters(1650 feet)

100 per segment

Fiber-optic Most expensive,but costs are

dropping

20 K.M(12.5 miles)

No limit for nodes;hubs limited to

manufacturer'sspecifications


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UTP

Category Description

1 and 2 Voice grade; very low data rates

3 Four-twisted pairs with three twists per foot;

data rates up to10Mbps4 Four twisted pair; data rates up to 16Mbps

5 Four twisted pair; data rates up to 100Mbps

6 Four twisted pair; rates up to 155Mbps

(soon to be the most popular UTP)

UTP: UTP cable consists of a number of twisted pair with a

simple plastic casing. Transmissions across copper wire tend toattenuate rapidly. However, engineers have reduced UTPs

problems of radiated noise and susceptibility to EMI, and some

categories to UTP are capable of speeds up to 100Mbps. UTP

is available in six categories as follows


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CONNECTORS

Generally RJ45connectors are used on a UTP

cable.The UTP connected with a RJ45 is plugged in

the Information Outlet on one end and the NIC on the

other end.


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RJ45 PIN SYMBOL____| |__

____| |____| |

| | | | | | | | | | (RJ 45 pin symbol)| 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 |

------------------------

PIN SIGNAL1........Output Transmit Data (+)

2........Output Transmit Data (-)

3........Input Receive Data (+)4........Not connect

5........Not connect

6........Input Receive Data (-)7........Not connect

8........Not connect


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MOUNTING CORD OR PATCH CORD:

Mounting cord is small piece of cable, crimpedon both side by a RJ45 jack. Mounting cord is

used to connect the NIC card to Information

outlet and Patch cord is used for connecting

Patch panel to Switch or Hub.


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INFORMATION OUTLET

Information outlet is passive component in which the

cable is crimped on the workstation side. It comes in

CAT5, Enhanced CAT5 and CAT6 i.e. Gigaspeed

Category.


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PATCH PANEL

Patch panel facilitates management of cables.Itis used for terminating the cable on Switch or

Hub Side. It is comes in CAT5 and CAT6

category.


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Termination of UTP

Termination of UTP: Termination of UTP cable

is done on the Information outlet side and Patch

panel side by a Crimping Tool to maintain the

TIA 568B system standard


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FIBER-OPTIC CABLE

Fiber-optic cable transmits light signals rather than

electrical signals. Each fiber has an inner core of glass

or plastic that conducts light. A layer of glass that reflects

the light back into the core, called cladding surrounds the

inner core. A plastic sheath surrounds each fiber. The

sheath can either be tight or loose.Fiber-optic cable isenormously more efficient that the other network cable

media. It has much lower attenuation than copper wires,

mainly because the light is not radiated out in the way

that electricity is radiated from copper cables. Currentfiber-optic technologies allows data rates from 100Mbps

to 2Gbps.Disadvantage of fiber-optic cable is that it is

very difficult to install and requires skilled manpower.


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Different types Fiber-optic Cables

Single mode andMultimode OFC. These cablescome in two categories viz..Indoor Fiber and outdoor Fiber.

Fiber-optic cable is available in different cores viz. 4 core, 6

core, 8 core, 12 core and above.

Fiber-optic cable transmits light signals instead of

electrical signals.

I Fib ti t k ll t t f


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In Fiber-opticnetwork generally two types of

connectors are available:

SC Connector

ST Connector

SC Type connectorThis type of connector is generally for 100MHz

Switch Frequency


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ST CONNECTOR

This type of connector is generally for 10MHz. Switch

Frequency


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COUPLERS

Coupler is used for connecting a connector to a connectori.e.

SC connector to SC connector,

SC connector to connector STII and

STII connector to STII connector.

SC to SC Coupler


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SC to STII Coupler

STII to STII Coupler


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LIU (Light Interface Unit) BOX:

It is a simple box, which protects the fiber from

lightning. Fiber Cable is terminated in this box. It

comes in two different fashions i.e. wall mount and

Rack mount.


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FIBER PATCH CORD

Fiber Patch cord is same as mounting cordor Patch cord. The type of these patch

cords depends on connector types such as

SC to SC, SC to STII and STII to STII patch

cord.

1) SC to SC patch cord


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2) SC to STII patch cord:

3) STII to STII patch cord:


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Termination of Fiber-optic Cable

Termination of Fiber-optic: There are two types of Fiber Terminationviz.: Epoxy and Epoxyless.


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IMPLEMENTATION

Cable laying and Back bone laying

For Cable laying and Backbone Laying first the proper layout of

building and proper plan or design of layout a cable has to bedecided. Then the position of the of the communication rack and all

workstations has to be decided.Then the actual laying of the cable

into the conduct or casing starts simultaneously.Marking has to be

carried out properly for identification purposes.

As the cable laying completes,the crimping of cable in informationoutlet box is carried out by maintaining the TIA568Bcolor coding

system. Same procedure is to be carried on Patch panel side.


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Link testing:

After termination is done on both sides theUTP cable link is checked by a UTP cable

tester and the fiber cable link by passing light

from one end.

Connectivity:

After testing the cable link, the cable is connected

to the NIC card of PC and another end to theSwitch or hubs. Installation of the respective

software is carried out and the PC is connected to

the Server.


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Active Components in LAN

Active components are the components which are

actually electrically active.These components are:

Hubs Switches

Transceivers (i.e.converters)

LAN Cards

Bridges

Repeaters


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HUBS AND SWITCHES

With the increasing density of LANs in the late 80s and early 90s, hubs

were introduced to concentrate Thinnet and 10BaseT networks in thewiring closet. Traditional hubs operate on the physical layer of the OSI

model and perform the same functions as basic repeaters.

Layer-2 switching is hardware based, which means it uses the MAC

address from the hosts NIC cards to filter the network. Switches use

Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASCII) to build and maintain filter

tables. It is OK to think of a layer-2 switch as a multiport bridge. Layer-2

switches are fast because they do not look at the Network layer header

information, looking instead at the frames hardware addresses before

deciding to either forward the frame or drop it.

Layer-2 switching provides the following:

Hardware-based bridging (MAC)

Wire speed


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2.WIDE AREA NETWORKING


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Types of Active Components in WAN

Routers

Brouters

Leased line Modems

ISDN/PSTN Modems


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Selecting WAN Connecting Services

WANs originated to solve the problem of connecting a LAN to a distant

workstation or another remote LAN where the distance exceeds cable mediaspecifications or when physical cable connections are not possible. WANs

can use various telecommunication service for their connections. WAN can

be Dial-up and/or Lease lines.

Dial-up versus Leased linesThe PSTN offers two types oflines for connections:

With dial-up lines, the subscriber pays for what is used. There is no

dedicated path.

With lease lines, the subscriber receives dedicated bandwidth, guaranteed

by the provider.

Use leased lines for data and voice where traffic flows are constant between

point-to-point locations, and/or to Internet to have dedicated access to

Internet

Use ISDN for on-demand access to remote offices and for backup for

another link type.


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Network Termination Device 1 (NT1) The NT1 is a simple device that serves as an interface

between the ISDN BRI line and your other ISDN

equipment. It converts the physical wiring interface

delivered by Pacific Bell to the wiring interface needed

by your ISDN equipment, and also provides a testing

point for troubleshooting.

Many ISDN terminal adapters and some ISDN routers

(see below) have the NT1 function built-in. This makes

for an easier installation and also reduces the total

cost of your ISDN setup. However, a separate NT1 is

more flexible in that it can support multiple ISDNdevices.


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Terminal Adapters (TA)

These devices perform a function similar to a standard

modem and convert the data stream from your computer intothe ISDN data format. They provide a simple interface

capable of supporting a single computer. Terminal adapters

increasingly incorporate the NT1 function. With the growing

popularity of ISDN, prices continue to drop. There are twotypes of ISDN TAs: internal and external. External TAs are

stand-alone devices that connect through a COM port on the

back of your computer. Internal ISDN adapters are I SA

cards that you install inside your computer.


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ROUTER

Router use logical and physical addressing to

connect two or more logically separate networks.

They accomplish this connection by organizing alarge network into smaller subnetworks is given a

logical address. Routers use a route-discovery

algorithm to determine possible through the

internetwork.Routers are a combination of both hardware and

software consists of the physical interfaces to the

network in an internetwork.Router works at the

Network layer of the IOS reference model.


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64-128Kbps

Leased Line Modems

2 Mbps


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Types of Passive Components in WAN

Router Cables

Dish Antennas


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A Typical WAN


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Thank You

. For Staying Through

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Lan Wan Presentation