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Handbook 13
Coastal Management
Wetland issues in Integrated Coastal Zone Management
This 2nd edition of the Ramsar handbooks replaces the seriespublished in January 2000.
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Acknowledgements
Principles and guidelines forincorporating wetland issues into Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
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Table of ContentsAcknowledgementsForeword
Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland issuesinto Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
Appendices
Relevant Resolutions and Recommendations
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Foreword
Principles and Guidelines
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Principles and guidelines for incorporatingwetland issues into Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM)
(adopted as the Annex to Resolution VIII.4 by the 8 th Conferenceof the Contracting Parties, Valencia, Spain, 2002)
The purpose of these principles and guidelines
Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland issues intoIntegrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
Principles and guidelines
Additional guidance forthe implementation of the wise use conceptGuidelines for integrating wetland conservation and wise use into
river basin management Enhancing theconservation and wise use of intertidal wetlandsGuidelines for the allocation and management of water formaintaining the ecological functions of wetlands
New Guidelines for management planning for Ramsar sites andother wetlands Additional guidance foridentifying and designating under-represented wetland types asWetlands of International Importance
Principles and guidelines
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Background and context
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[Start Box
Additional information
FAOs Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheriesand other related publications
What is the Code of Conduct for ResponsibleFisheries?
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Fisheries Management- 2. The ecosystem approach tofisheries
End box ]
Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland
issues into ICZM
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A. Recognizing the role and significance of the RamsarConvention and wetlands in the coastal zone
Principle 1. The Ramsar Convention is the global
intergovernmental treaty that specifically addresses theconservation and wise use1 of coastal zone ecosystems.
Guideline No. 1 Ensuring the delivery of Contracting Partiescommitments under the Ramsar Convention through ICZM
Guidelines fordeveloping and implementing National Wetland Policies
Guidelines for internationalcooperation under the Ramsar Convention
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{See also Handbook 2}
Principle 2. The full incorporation of wetland conservation andwise use issues into ICZM is essential for a successfulsustainable coastal management process.
Guideline No. 2 Ensuring full incorporation by ContractingParties of wetland conservation and wise use issues into ICZM,as essential for a successful sustainable coastal management
process
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{See also Handbook 6}
B. Ensuring full awareness of the values and functionsof wetlands in the coastal zone
Principle 3. Coastal wetlands have important values and functions
and provide multiple goods and services of high economicvalue.
The overall role of coastal wetlands in providing goods andservices, values and functions
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{See also Handbook 11}
Guideline No. 3 Ensuring full recognition of the multiple goodsand services of high economic value provided by coastal
wetlands
Guiding Principles for taking into account thecultural aspects of wetlands for the effective management of sites
The role of coastal wetlands in coastal processes
{See also Handbook 8}
Guideline No. 4 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the key role of wetlands in coastal processes
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The role of coastal wetlands in mitigating impacts of naturalhazards, pollution, and flooding
{See also Handbooks 4, 8, and 12}
Guideline No. 5 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the role of coastal wetlands in regulating water flows
and water quality
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The role of coastal wetlands in mitigation of, and adaptationto, impacts of climate change and sea-level rise
{See also Handbook 8}
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Guideline No. 6 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the role of coastal wetlands in mitigating impacts of
climate change and sea-level rise
The role of coastal wetlands as important reservoirs of highspecies biological diversity, including migratory and non-migratory species and threatened species
{See also Handbook 10}
Guideline No. 7 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the role of coastal wetlands for wetland-dependentmigratory and non-migratory species and threatened species
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C. Using mechanisms for securing the conservation andsustainable use of wetlands in the coastal zone
Principle 4. Mechanisms to resolve jurisdictional overlap in thecoastal zone must fully include the legal and institutionalframeworks for wetlands.
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{See also Handbook 3}
Guideline No. 8 Resolution of issues related to the legal andinstitutional frameworks and jurisdictional overlap in the coastal
zone
Principle 5. Many stakeholders use coastal wetlands and mustparticipate fully in their management.
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{See also Handbook 5}
Guideline No. 9 Ensuring stakeholder participation in theconservation and wise use of coastal wetlands
inter aliaGuidelines for establishing and strengthening local communities
and indigenous peoples participation in the management ofwetlands
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Principle 6. The designation and management of Wetlands ofInternational Importance in the coastal zone provides aglobal mechanism for the identification and recognition ofcritically important parts of coastal zone ecosystems, as the
basis for their sustainable management.
Criteria for Identifying Wetlands ofInternational Importance
{See also Handbook 7}
Guideline No. 10 Ensuring the recognition of the role of Ramsarsites and their management in the ICZM process
StrategicFramework and guidelines for the future development of the List ofWetlands of International Importance
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New Guidelines for managementplanning for Ramsar sites and other wetlands
Principle 7. Coastal wetlands are highly vulnerable to degradationand loss, but although easily degraded their restoration iscostly and sometimes impossible.
{See also Handbook 8}
Guideline No. 11 Ensuring that Contracting Parties considerissues related to the degradation, loss and restoration of coastal
wetlands
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D. Addressing the integration of the conservation andsustainable use of wetlands in broad-scale
integrated ecosystem management
Principle 8. ICZM should be linked with river basin/catchmentmanagement and oceans and fisheries management so as tosecure the conservation and sustainable use of coastalwetlands.
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{See also Handbooks 4 and 12}
Guideline No. 12 Ensuring the recognition by ContractingParties of the linkages between wetlands, ICZM, river
basin/catchment management, and oceans and fisheries
management
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Appendix 1
ICZM definitions, terms, and current approaches
What is Integrated Coastal Zone Management?
Definitions and terms in the coastal zone
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coastal zone
Coastal area
Coastal waters
Intertidal area (or zone)
Coastline
Shore lands
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General principles and practice of ICZM
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vertical
horizontal
systemic
functional
spatial
policy
science-management
planning
temporal
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European Strategy for ICZM
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Appendix 2
Rationale for the principles for incorporating wetlandissues into ICZM
Principle 1. The Ramsar Convention is the globalintergovernmental treaty that specifically addresses theconservation and wise use of coastal zone ecosystems.
Marine/Coastalwetlands
permanent shallow marine waters
marine subtidal aquatic beds
coral reefsrocky marine shores
sand, shingle or pebble shores
estuarine waters
intertidal mud, sand and salt flats
intertidal marshes
intertidal forested wetlands
coastal brackish/saline lagoons
coastal freshwater lagoons
marine/coastal karst and other subterranean hydrologicalsystems
Aquaculture ponds
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Salt exploitation sites
{See also Handbook 1}
{See also Handbook 9}
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Principle 2. The full incorporation of wetland conservation andwise use issues into ICZM is essential for a successfulsustainable coastal management process.
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Principle 3. Coastal wetlands have important values and functionsand provide multiple goods and services of high economicvalue.
The overall role of coastal wetlands in providing goods andservices, values and functions
Economic Valuation of Wetlands: AGuide for Policy Makers and Planners,
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The role of coastal wetlands in mitigation of, and adaptation
to, impacts of climate change and sea-level rise
The role of coastal wetlands as important reservoirs of highspecies biological diversity, including migratory and non-migratory species and threatened species
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{See also Handbook 9}
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Principle 4. Mechanisms to resolve jurisdictional overlap in thecoastal zone must fully include the legal and institutionalframeworks for wetlands.
{See also Handbook 3}
Principle 5. Many stakeholders use coastal wetlands and mustparticipate fully in their management.
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{See also Handbook 5}
Principle 6. The designation and management of Wetlands ofInternational Importance in the coastal zone provides a
global mechanism for the identification and recognition ofcritically important parts of coastal zone ecosystems, as thebasis for their sustainable management.
StrategicFramework and guidelines for the future development of the List ofWetlands of International Importance
Strategic Framework
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New Guidelines for management planning for Ramsar sitesand other wetlands
{See also Handbook 7}
Principle 7. Coastal wetlands are highly vulnerable to degradationand loss, but although easily degraded their restoration iscostly and sometimes impossible.
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{See also Handbook 7}
Principle 8. ICZM should be linked with river basin/catchmentmanagement and oceans and fisheries management so as tosecure the conservation and sustainable use of coastalwetlands.
Guidelines for integrating wetlandconservation and wise use into river basin management
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{See also Handbook 4}
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Relevant Resolutions and Recommendations
Resolution VIII.4
(adopted by the 8th
Conference of the Contracting Parties, Valencia,Spain, 2002)
Principles and guidelines for incorporatingwetland issues into Integrated Coastal Zone
Management (ICZM)
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Principles and guidelines for incorporating wetland
issues into Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM)
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Principles and guidelines
Strategic Framework and guidelines for
the future development of the List of Wetlands of InternationalImportance
inter alia
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Recommendation 6.7(adopted by the 6th Conference of the Contracting Parties, Brisbane,
Australia, 1996)
Conservation and wise use of coral reefs andassociated ecosystems
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Recommendation 6.8(adopted by the 6th Conference of the Contracting Parties, Brisbane,
Australia, 1996)
Strategic planning in coastal zones
inter alia
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Resolution VII.21(adopted by the 7th Conference of the Contracting Parties, San Jos, Costa
Rica, 1999)
Enhancing the conservation and wise use ofintertidal wetlands
calls on Contracting Partiesalong the East Asia flyway to designate additional wetlands for theRamsar List, and in particular to designate additional intertidalwetlands
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Resolution VIII.32(adopted by the 8th Conference of the Contracting Parties, Valencia,
Spain, 2002)
Conservation, integrated management, andsustainable use of mangrove ecosystems and
their resources
inter alia,
inter alia,
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Strategic Framework
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